HRP960229A2 - System of building a completely reinforced lightweight concrete large workshops and buildings - Google Patents

Description

The field of technology

The field of technique is well defined in accordance with MKP subgroup E04B 1/00 and E04B 2/00, which contain general constructions of walls, floors, ceilings and roofs, as well as individual elements.

Technical assignment

The subject of the invention is a system of prefabricated or monolithic construction of fully reinforced lightweight concrete halls and buildings that solves the tasks of fast and rational construction, partial or complete prefabrication, high degree of completion of rough construction works. The high adaptability of the system to various shapes and purposes of halls and buildings with the use of a small number of components contributes to the effectiveness of its application.

State of the art

A brief overview of the development of construction with reinforced lightweight concrete leads to the end of the nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century (1907), we register the use of lightweight concrete based on clinker in the construction of the British Museum. Later, in the mid-thirties of this century, the development of aerated concrete began in Europe, and especially significantly in Sweden. After the Second World War, the production and application of lightweight concrete elements from expanded clay, shale, lava, slag and similar materials expanded, all with the aim of reducing the specific weight and thereby improving the insulating properties, especially the thermal insulating properties, with slight reductions in mechanical strength. A special type of lightweight concrete - reinforced concrete made from granules of expanded polystyrene as aggregate and normal other concrete ingredients was launched in 1951 in Germany.

Existing well-known lightweight concrete systems that solve the mentioned technical task in a narrower sense are Ytong (Europe), Leca (Germany), Lytag (Britain) and systems based on expanded clays such as Aglite (Britain), Gravelite (USA) and Solite (Canada) ), and for example Liapor (Sweden), then systems based on the use of fly ash lightweight concrete.

In construction, there are no solutions similar to the subject of the invention due to the fact that all lightweight concrete systems up to now have been created with a significant proportion of lightweight concrete in the reception of internal forces. The concept used in this invention leaves the transmission of internal forces mainly or entirely to the reinforcement and leaves lightweight concrete a secondary role.

The technical task of bridging larger spans in the lightweight concrete version, but solving it in a completely different way:

(1) In Aglite technology like a multi-storey building in London, see [1].

(2) In Lytag technology, such as the 60-story Marina City Towers in Chicago and the Water Tower Plaža in Chicago as the tallest lightweight concrete buildings in the world, see [1].

(3) In Leca technology like the BMW administrative building in Munich, see [1].

(4) Generally for tall buildings, see [2].

(5) In general when building bridges, see [3],

According to its conceptual concept, the invention approaches the idea used in patent applications, HP-P960066A, and HP-P960128A.

The difference compared to HP-P960066A, which contains a plate of TT section with load-bearing ribs, the main roof

the T section support, the roof bay and the facade panel, is in:

(1) The fact that in this invention the reinforcement grid of the ribs is stabilized by special stabilizers, instead of expensive and impractical secondary reinforcement, the reinforcing mesh of the thin plate is welded and more rational, and that it has additional reinforcement of the lower belt of the cantilever parts of the thin plate.

(2) Another important difference is in the shape of the main roof girder, which is now the I cross-section in a two-sided slope with an extremely small thickness of the rib and a total small volume of concrete with the same load capacity of the cross-section and the girder.

(3) The third difference is in the conception of the roof bay, which was created as a pure lattice support, while in the comparative invention it was a mixed conception of load-bearing capacity.

(4) The fourth difference is in the clearly and rationally conceived plate-panel constructions, realized with the help of cheaper longitudinal reinforcement ribs, frame or grid type.

The difference compared to HP-P960128A which contains beam supports, plates and columns is in:

(1) Because the comparative invention does not contain I supports in an inclination.

(2) Because the comparative invention does not contain plates with separate longitudinal ribs.

(3) Because in the comparative invention, the rectangular and T beams do not necessarily contain a horizontal beam in the belts.

(4) The fact that the triangular and rectangular columns in the comparative invention are not intended for execution in concrete with a mass of more than 1500 kg/m3 and that they do not have a specially designed bottom for placement in prefabricated cups.

Lightweight concrete for structural and insulating purposes is "known" by the regulations and norms of all developed countries. A special treatment of such constructions is given in the European regulation [4].

References

[1] Short A., W. Kinniburgh, Lightvveight Concrete, Third Edition, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., 1978.

[2] Bobrowski J., Outstanding Applications of Lightweight Concrete and an appreciation of likely future

developments, in Lightweight Concrete (The Concrete Society, The Construction Press Ltd, Lancaster,

England, 1980) 239-260.

[3] Roberts J.E., Lightweight Concrete Bridges for California highway system, in Structural Lightweight

Aggregate Concrete Performance, Holm, T. A. Vaysburd, A.M., Edt. (ACI, SP-136, Detroit, 1992) 255-271.

[4] Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-4; General rules - Lightweight aggregate concrete

with closed structures, ENV 1992-1-4:1994.

The essence of invention

The essence of the invention is the application of the principle of complete reinforcement of lightweight concrete supports as special parts of a monolithic or prefabricated system for the construction of halls and buildings and their connection into a complete constructive and building system.

Full reinforcement was applied to lightweight concrete supports of ceilings, roofs, crane walkways, facade panels and columns. With complete reinforcement, the transfer of compressive, tensile and shear stresses is almost completely left to the reinforcement. In a new way, the lightweight concrete body is entrusted with the role of secondary load-bearing material for local and global stabilization, as well as the role of anti-corrosion, thermal, acoustic, fire protection and moisture protection.

The lightweight concrete body has properties of low density, which implies a reduction of forces in the construction, and thus the use of a smaller amount of reinforcement, as well as excellent insulating properties.

The envisaged system can be to a high degree prefabricated, dry assembly is possible, and the system envisages monolithization with minimal consumption of materials and labor.

The system offers the possibility of a high degree of completion of prefabricated lightweight concrete elements, including the finishing of the outer face.

Description of the drawing

The drawings show a new system of load-bearing fully reinforced lightweight concrete grill plate supports. The drawings show one of the possible ways of applying the elements and in no way restrict the rights granted by the patent claims.

drawing 1 shows a longitudinal section of a lightweight concrete TT slab, the left half of the drawing shows a slab with abutment at a reduced height and the right half of the drawing shows a slab with abutment at full height,

drawing 2 shows the cross-section of the lightweight concrete TT slab, the left half shows the geometric shape and the right half the reinforcement of the slab,

drawing 3 shows a detail of the support of the TT plate in a reduced height,

drawing 4 shows the longitudinal section of half of the lightweight concrete roof main support in the V variant of the reinforced grid filling,

drawing 5 shows the cross-section of the lightweight concrete roof main support in the V variant of the reinforcing grid,

drawing 6 shows a detail of the bed of the main hunting support made at full height,

drawing 7 shows a detail of the bearing of the main roof support made in a reduced height,

drawing 8 shows the longitudinal section and the floor plan of half of the lightweight concrete roof main support in variant X filled with reinforcing bars,

drawing 9 shows the cross-section of the lightweight concrete roof main support in the V variant of the reinforcing grid,

drawing 10 shows a longitudinal section of beam supports, the left half of the drawing shows a support with abutment at a reduced height and the right half of the drawing shows a support with abutment at full height,

drawing 11 shows a cross-section of a type A beam support,

drawing 12 shows the cross-section of a rectangular type beam support,

drawing 13 shows a cross-section of a T-type beam support,

drawing 14 shows a longitudinal section of lightweight concrete roof and ceiling slabs and panels,

drawing 15 shows a cross-section of lightweight concrete roof-ceiling slabs and panels,

drawing 16 shows a longitudinal section of a lightweight concrete slab-panel,

drawing 17 shows a cross-section of a lightweight concrete slab-panel,

drawing 18 shows the cross-section of lightweight concrete columns with triangular and rectangular sections,

drawing 19 shows a vertical section through a lightweight concrete column, triangular or rectangular,

drawing 20 shows half of the longitudinal and cross section through the lightweight concrete roof bay,

drawing 21 shows an axonometric sketch of a lightweight concrete hall as one of the buildings

subject of this invention.

Detailed description of one of the ways of realizing the invention

The new construction system for fully reinforced lightweight concrete halls and buildings as in drawing 21, consists of: ceiling-roof slab (1), main roof support (2), beam supports (3A, 3B and 3C), roof-ceiling slab and facade panel (4), panels-panels (5), columns (6A, 6B), roof bays (7), foundation cups (8), foundation beams (9) and floor slabs (10), where all the listed elements with their shapes and dimensions form compatible whole.

Ceiling and roof TT lightweight concrete slab (4) shown in drawings l, 2 and 3. It is made prefabricated or on site, the length, height and thickness of the ribs, the thickness of the connecting board, the way it rests on the supports, the amount and type of reinforcement, can be chosen in accordance with load-bearing and stability calculations, the reinforcement of which is welded and, if necessary, protected with an anti-corrosive coating. It is recommended to be made of lightweight concrete with a density between 900-1100 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity E > 300 MPa.

It consists of: connecting plate (1.1), two ribs (1.2), bearings (1.10), reinforcement of the lower belt of the ribs (1.3) made of one or more bars, reinforcement of the upper belt of the ribs (1.4) made of one or more bars, reinforcement lattice fillings (1.5) created from one or more reinforcing bars so that together with the reinforcement of the upper and lower belt it forms a complete lattice with filling in parts in the form of V, X or N, stabilizer of the lower rib belt (1.6), reinforcing mesh of the plate (1.7), auxiliary reinforcement of the outer edge (1.8) (which is not mandatory), connecting metal plates (1.9), bearing metal plates (1.10), welds between plates and reinforcement (1.11) and hooks for later monolithicization (1.12) which is not mandatory. The recommended dimensions are: l< 15.0 m, h > l/40, D< 2.50 m, d < 1.70 m, b > 7.5 cm, t > 4.5 cm.

The prefabricated lightweight concrete roof support (2) is shown in drawings 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The length, height and thickness of the ribs (1.1 and 1.3), the thickness of the belt (1.2), the slopes of the upper edge and the bearing height, quantity and the type of reinforcement, chosen in accordance with load-bearing and stability calculations and the geometry of the roof. Its armature is welded and, if necessary, coated with an anti-corrosive protective coating. It is made of lightweight concrete of the same type as the TT slab. Its reinforcement consists of: at least two bars of the lower belt (2.4). at least two rods of the upper belt (2.5), at least one rod of diagonal filling (2.6) placed so that with the reinforcement of the lower and upper belt they form a complete lattice support with filling in parts in the form of V, X or N, auxiliary bars of the lower belt (2.7), stabilizer bars of the upper belt (2.8) placed so that with the edge bars of the belt it forms a grid or Virendel support, stabilizer bars of the diagonal filling (2.9) placed so that there is at least one bar in each field, connecting metal plates for the continuation of the reinforcement (2.10 and 2.11) , connecting metal plates (2.12) which is not mandatory, bearing plates (2.13), connecting metal plates (2.14) then vertical ties in the middle of the support (2.15) which is not mandatory. The recommended dimensions of the support are: 10 m < l < 35 m, hmin > 70 cm, hmax > 2.80 cm, a > 40 cm, 15 cm < b < 30 cm, 7 cm < c < 15 cm, t1=t4 > 15 cm .

Beam support (3 A) shown in drawings 10 and 11. It is made prefabricated or on site. The length and dimensions of the cross-section, the way it rests on the supports, the amount and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of load-bearing capacity and stability. The armature is welded and, if necessary, protected with an anti-corrosive coating. The cross-section is A-shaped with a straight axis and parallel or non-parallel edges in parts.

It is made of lightweight concrete of the same type as the TT slab. The reinforcement consists of at least two rods of the lower belt (3.3), at least two rods of the upper belt (3.4), at least one rod of diagonal filling (3.5) placed so that with the reinforcing bars of the upper and lower belt it forms at least two complete grids with fillings by parts in in the shape of V, X or N, reinforcing bars of belt stabilizers (3.6) placed so that with the belt bars they form a complete grid, and with the previous two grids it forms a complete simple grid of triangular cross-section, side longitudinal reinforcing bars (3.9) intended to support ceiling elements, side transverse fittings (3.10). The recommended dimensions are: 5 m < l < 20 m, 5 cm < t < 20 cm, 30 cm < h < 150 cm, D=h/2, w > 8 cm.

Beam supports, rectangular section (3B) and T section (3C) are shown in drawings 10, 11 and 12. In terms of execution, the recommended lightweight concrete is the same as for beam support 3A.

Their reinforcement consists of: at least two rods of the lower belt (3.3), at least two rods of the upper belt (3.4), at least one rod of diagonal filling (3.5) placed so that with the reinforcing rods of the upper and lower belt it forms at least one vertical complete lattice, belt stabilizer bars (3.7) and (3.8) placed so that they form a complete lattice or plane frame with the edge bars of the belt. The recommended dimensions are: 5 m < l < 20 m, 5 cm < t < 30 cm, 30 cm < h < 150 cm, d=h/3, w > 8 cm.

The roof-ceiling panel as well as the facade panel (4) are shown in drawings 14 and 15. It is performed as, prefabricated or on site. The length, height and thickness, the thickness of the internal filling, the amount and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of load-bearing capacity and stability, as well as the requirements of the physics of the building. The recommended dimensions are l < 10.0 m, D < 2.40 m, 10 cm < h < 30 cm, for load-bearing panels and panels 10 cm < a,b < 25 cm, 50 cm < c,d < 2.50 m, for facade non-load-bearing panels there is no limit for the length c and d. In the panel version a, if necessary, the edges of the panel can also be grooved and tongued.

The reinforcement of the panel is welded and, if necessary, protected with an anti-corrosive coating, and is composed of the mesh of the upper belt (4.1), the mesh of the lower belt (4.2), the connecting mesh reinforcement (4.3) placed in one or both directions, which can be Z or U-shaped, which it is not mandatory.

It is made of lightweight concrete of the same type as the TT slab. It is a solid wall or with an internal insulating and facilitating filling (4.4), which is not mandatory, which can have a facade cladding installed on one side, which is not mandatory. The panel (5) is shown in drawings 16 and 17. It is similar to the roof-ceiling panel (4) with the only significant difference being that the reinforcement of the upper and lower zones is connected to it and formed as a complete lattice support.

Triangular cross-section column (6 A) shown in drawings 18 and 19. It is performed prefabricated or on site. The height and transverse dimensions of the sides, the amount and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of bearing capacity and stability, as well as the requirements of building physics.

The recommended dimensions are: height H < 15.0 m, sides 20 cm < h, D < 100 cm. Its armature is welded and, if necessary, coated with anti-corrosive coatings, whose axis is rectilinear or curvilinear in parts, whose armature forms a spatial grid composed of three plane grids.

It is made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 2000 kg/m3, a compressive strength of more than 1.0 MPa, a tensile strength of more than 0.2 MPa, a shear strength of more than 0.05 MPa and an initial modulus of elasticity E > 300 MPa. It has cantilever protrusions with additional reinforcement (6.9 and 6.10), which is not mandatory, its lower part is reinforced up to the height of the cup with additional reinforcement (6.6 and 6.7) suitable for receiving clamping forces, and on that part it is made of normal weight concrete, which is not mandatory .

The column of rectangular section (6B) is shown in drawings 18 and 19. It has the same properties as the column of triangular section with the difference that it has a rectangular section with a reinforcing skeleton in the form of a spatial lattice made of four plane lattices and sides d instead of side D.

The roof bay (7) is shown in drawing 20. It can be made prefabricated or on site. The length, height and thickness of the ribs (7.1), the thickness of the plate (7.2), the amount and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of load-bearing capacity and stability, as well as rainwater flow. It consists of a plate (7.2), two ribs (7.1), a bed for roof supports and an extension above the columns (o). The recommended range of the bay (3) is from 5-15 m, the height of the support H is from 0.5 - 2.0 m, the thickness of the plate t> 8 cm, the covering layer s> 5 cm, the thickness of the rib d> 7.5 cm.

Its armature is connected and continues by welding and partly by bonding, and if necessary, it is coated with anti-corrosive agents. It consists of at least one rod in the lower zone of the rib (7.3), at least one rod in the upper zone of the rib (7.4), at least one rod of the diagonal filling of the rib of the rib (7.5) which, together with the reinforcement of the upper and lower belt of the rib, forms a complete grid construction with filling according V, X or N-shaped parts, plate reinforcement placed so that it forms a lattice or Virendel support with the bars of the lower belts of the ribs, secondary plate reinforcement (7.7) and ribs (7.8) which is optional, and extension reinforcement (7.9) which is optional.

It is made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and an initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa > E > 300 MPa, with parts of the support exposed in contact with water, they can be made of lightweight concrete of greater weight or normal concrete, which is not mandatory.

Foundation cups (8) are parts of the foundation in which columns are placed, shown in drawings 1, 2, 13 and 14. They are made as classic reinforced concrete elements that complete the construction system.

Foundation beams (9) are load-bearing constructions of wall panels shown in drawings l and 2. They are made as classic reinforced concrete elements that complete the construction system.

The floor slab (10) is a classic reinforced concrete, lightweight concrete or other construction that completes the building system.

One of the possible ways of performing halls and buildings has the following course. First, foundation cups (8), prefabricated or monolithic, are placed in the excavated foundations at predetermined locations. Then the foundation cups are connected with foundation beams (9), prefabricated or monolithic.

After that, prefabricated or monolithic columns (6A, 6B) are placed in the foundation cups.

Then roof bays are placed along the hall or building (7). If the hall or building has two or more floors, the transverse supports of the ceiling (3A and 3B) and ceiling TT panels (1) or flat panels (4 and 5) are placed on them.

Then the roof supports (2) are installed. Then TT roof panels (1), roof panels (4) or, in the light cover variant, beam T supports (3C) are installed. At the end, the facade panels (5) are installed and attached to the foundation beams (9) and roof bays (7).

One of the possible types for making a lightweight concrete body is lightweight concrete based on expanded polystyrene (styrobeton). If the lightweight concrete body is made as lightweight reinforced concrete, then in case it serves as anti-corrosion protection or is exposed to any type of fire load, the density of lightweight concrete must be greater than 800 kg/m3.

Method of industrial application

The way of industrial application of the invention in the broadest sense is obvious. The existing system is flexible and applicable in practice for a new way of building halls and buildings, which is based on individual prefabricated lightweight concrete elements.

Claims (10)

1. Construction system of fully reinforced lightweight concrete halls and buildings as in drawing 21, indicated by the fact that it consists of ceiling-roof plate (1), main roof support (2), beam supports (3A, 3B and 3C), roof-ceiling slab and facade panel (4), slab-panel (5), columns (6A, 6B), roof bays (7), foundation cups (8), foundation beams (9) and floor slab (10), where all the listed elements with their forms and dimensions form a compatible whole. 2. Ceiling-roof TT lightweight concrete slab (4) according to patent claim 1, prefabricated or made on site, whose length, height and thickness of the ribs, thickness of the connecting board, method of mounting on the supports, quantity and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with load-bearing and stability calculations, the reinforcement of which is welded and, if necessary, protected with an anti-corrosive coating, indicated by the fact that it has a TT type cross-sectional shape and is made of light concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater of 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa > E > 300 MPa, which consists of: connecting plate (1.1), two ribs (1.2), bearings (1.10), reinforcement of the lower rib belt (1.3 ) made of one or more bars, the reinforcement of the upper belt of the rib (1.4) made of one or more bars, the reinforcement of the lattice filling (1.5) created from one or more reinforcing bars so that with the reinforcement of the upper and lower belt it forms a complete lattice with filling om by parts in the form of V, X or N, stabilizer of the lower rib belt (1.6), reinforcing mesh of the plate (1.7), auxiliary reinforcement of the outer edge (1.8) (which is not obligatory), connecting metal plates (1.9), bearing metal plates ( 1.10), welds between tiles and reinforcement (1.11) and hooks for later monolithicization (1-12), which is not mandatory. 3. Precast lightweight concrete roof support (2) according to claim 1, whose length, height and thickness of the ribs (1.1 and 1.3), thickness of the belt (1.2), slope of the upper edge and the height of bearing on the bearing, quantity and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with load-bearing and stability calculations and the geometry of the roof, the reinforcement of which is welded and, if necessary, coated with an anti-corrosive protective coating, indicated by the fact that it has the shape of a type I cross-section, the two-sided longitudinal slope of the upper belt, that it is made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3 , compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa > E > 300 MPa, whose reinforcement consists of: at least two bars of the lower belt (2.4), at least two rods of the upper belt (2.5), at least one rod of diagonal filling (2.6) placed so that with the reinforcement of the lower and upper belt they form a complete lattice support with filling in parts in the form of V, X or N, auxiliary bars of the lower of the belt (2.7), stabilizer bars of the upper belt (2.8) placed so that it forms a grid or Virendei support with the edge bars of the belt, stabilizer bars of the diagonal filling (2.9) placed so that there is at least one bar in each field, connecting metal plates for the continuation of the reinforcement (2.10 and 2.11), connecting metal plates (2.12) which is not mandatory, bearing plates (2.13), connecting metal plates (2.14) then vertical ties in the middle of the support (2.15) which is not mandatory. 4. Beam support (3A) according to patent claim 1, prefabricated or made on site, whose length and cross-sectional dimensions, the way it rests on the supports, the amount and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of load capacity and stability, whose reinforcement welds and, if necessary, protects with an anti-corrosive coating, indicated by the fact that it has a type A cross-sectional shape, a rectilinear axis and parallel or non-parallel edges in parts, provided that it is made of light concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa > E > 300 MPa, and consists of a spine (3.1) and a belt (3.2), whose reinforcement consists of at least two bars of the lower belt (3.3) . reinforcing bars of belt stabilizers (3.6) placed so that they form a complete lattice with the belt bars, and it with the previous two lattices forms a complete simple lattice of triangular cross-section, side longitudinal reinforcing bars (3.9) intended for supporting ceiling elements, side transverse reinforcement (3.10). 5. Girder supports (3B), (3C) according to patent claim 1, prefabricated or made on site, whose length and cross-sectional dimensions, the way they rest on the supports, the amount and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of carrying capacity and stability , whose reinforcement is welded and, if necessary, protected with an anti-corrosive coating, indicated by the fact that they have a rectangular or T-type cross-sectional shape, a straight axis and approximately parallel edges, that they are made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3, a compressive strength of more than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa > E > 300 MPa, and consists of a spine (3.1) and a belt (3.2) which is optional, whose reinforcement consists of: at least two bars of the lower belt (3.3), at least two bars of the upper belt (3.4), at least one rod of diagonal filling (3.5) placed so that with the reinforcing bars of the upper and lower belt it forms at least one vertical complete grid, reinforcing bars belt stabilizer bars (3.7) and (3.8) placed so that they form a complete lattice or plane frame with the edge bars of the belt. 6. Roof-ceiling panel and facade panel (4) according to patent claim 1, prefabricated or made on site, whose length, height and thickness, the thickness of the internal filling, the amount and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of load-bearing capacity and stability, and requirements of the physics of the building, the reinforcement of which is welded and, if necessary, protected with an anti-corrosive coating, indicated by the fact that it has a rectangular cross-section, with a slot and tongue on the edges, which is not mandatory, that it is made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa > E > 300 MPa, which is solid wall or with internal insulating and facilitating filling (4.4), which is optional, which on on one side, it may have a facade cladding installed, which is not mandatory, whose reinforcement is composed of the mesh of the upper belt (4.1), the mesh of the lower belt (4.2), connecting mesh reinforcements (4.3) placed in one or both directions, which can be Z or U-shaped, which is optional. 7. Plate-panel (5) according to patent claim 1, prefabricated or made on site, whose length, height and thickness, thickness of the internal filling, quantity and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with load-bearing and stability calculations and the requirements of building physics, the reinforcement of which is welded and, if necessary, protected with an anti-corrosive coating, indicated by the fact that it has a rectangular cross-section, with a groove and tongue on the edges, which is not mandatory, that it is made of light concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3, a compressive strength of more than 1.0 MPa , tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa > E > 300 MPa, which is solid wall or with internal insulating and facilitating filling (5.4), which is optional, which on one side can to have a facade cladding installed, which is not mandatory, whose reinforcement is composed of the mesh of the upper belt (4.1), the mesh of the lower belt (4.2), connecting reinforcement (4.3) which is shaped as an independent grid not with c with filling in V, X or N-shaped parts, and its belts and filling rods are made up of at least one rod each. 8. Column of triangular cross-section (6A) according to requirement l, whose height and lateral side dimensions, quantity and type of reinforcement are chosen in accordance with load-bearing and stability calculations and the requirements of building physics, whose reinforcement is welded and, if necessary, coated with anti-corrosive coatings, whose is the axis in parts rectilinear or curvilinear, whose reinforcement forms a spatial grid composed of three plane grids, indicated by the fact that it is prefabricated and made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 2000 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, wet strength greater than 0.2 MPa , with a shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and an initial modulus of elasticity E > 300 MPa, that it has cantilever protrusions with additional reinforcement (6.9 and 6.10) which is not mandatory, that its lower part up to the height of the cup is reinforced with additional reinforcement (6.6 and 6.7) suitable for receiving clamping forces, and on that part made of concrete of normal weight, which is not mandatory. 9. A pole of rectangular cross-section (6B) according to claim 1, whose height and lateral side dimensions, amount and type of reinforcement are chosen in accordance with load-bearing and stability calculations and the requirements of building physics, whose reinforcement is welded and, if necessary, coated with anti-corrosive coatings, whose the axis is rectilinear or curvilinear in parts, the reinforcement of which forms a spatial grid composed of four plane grids, indicated by the fact that it is prefabricated and made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 2000 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa , with a shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and an initial modulus of elasticity E > 300 MPa, that it has cantilever protrusions with additional reinforcement (6.9 and 6.10) which is not mandatory, that its lower part up to the height of the cup is reinforced with additional reinforcement (6.6 and 6.7) suitable for receiving clamping forces, and on that part made of concrete of normal weight, which is not mandatory. 10. Roof bay (7) according to patent claim 1, prefabricated or made on site, whose length, height and thickness of the ribs (7.1), thickness of the plate (7.2), quantity and type of reinforcement, are chosen in accordance with calculations of bearing capacity and stability and rainwater flow, the reinforcement of which is joined and continued by welding and which is coated with anti-corrosive agents if necessary, indicated by the fact that it has a U-type cross-sectional shape, approximately parallel longitudinal edges, is made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3, compressive strength greater than 1.0 MPa, tensile strength greater than 0.2 MPa, shear strength greater than 0.05 MPa and initial modulus of elasticity 10000 MPa >E> 300 MPa, whereby the parts of the support exposed to contact with water can be made of lightweight concrete of greater weight or normal concrete which optional, which consists of a plate (7.2), two ribs (7.1), a bed for roof supports and an extension above the columns (o), the reinforcement of which consists of at least one rod in the lower zone of the rib (7.3), at least one shi pke in the upper zone of the rib (7.4), at least one rod of diagonal filling of the rib of the rib (7.5) which, together with the reinforcement of the upper and lower belt of the rib, forms a complete lattice structure with filling in parts of the shape of V, X or N, the plate reinforcement placed so that with the bars of the lower the rib belts are formed by a grid or Virendel support, secondary reinforcement of the plate (7.7) and ribs (7.8) which is not mandatory, and the extension reinforcement (7.9) which is not mandatory.