MX2011003620A - Natural coating system. - Google Patents

Abstract

The Natural Coating System is a pre-stressed constructive process that uses natural materials from the biosphere resulting from the immediate environment, which are simply manufactured and adapted to the weather conditions of the place where the work is to be carried out, the invention developing a degradation process under the weathering conditions, which, in a required case, allows the whole elements thereof to be reintegrated to the nature. The Constructive System has a low environmental impact which includes the creation of green employment in a sustainable economy, this system being easily installed and integrated to the landscape, also promoting the sustainable urban growth, this being a constructive system affordable for every body and structurally efficient.

Description

SYSTEM OF NATURAL COVERS DESCRIPTION It is a construction system of prestressing, which essentially uses materials of construction with low environmental impact, typical of the biosphere, from the immediate environment, simple manufacturing and adapted to the climatic conditions of the territory where the work is carried out, developing a process of degradation under the action of weathering that allows the reintegration of all its elements to nature.

BACKGROUND In ecology, sustainability consists of satisfying the needs of the current generation without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Study how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time. It refers to the balance of a species with the resources of its environment. By extension it is applied to the exploitation of a resource below the limit of its renewal. From the perspective of human prosperity and according to the 1987 Brundtland Report.

A typical example is the use of wood from a forest: if the felling is excessive, the forest disappears; there is always wood available if wood is used below a certain limit. In the latter case, the exploitation of the forest is sustainable or sustainable. Other examples of resources that can be sustainable or stop being, depending on their exploitation rate, are water, fertile soil or fishing. Healthy ecosystems provide goods and services to human beings and other organisms.

As a protection measure, governments have created conservation areas that are defined protected areas to which some measure of legal protection has been granted in order to maintain or preserve their values, whether they are characteristics or natural formations, of cultural heritage or biota. . Among them we find, in general, natural reserves, national or natural parks, a project of rehabilitation or rescue of land, for example, of ex industrial use, etc. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, IUCN (1994) defines protected areas as: "An area of land or sea specially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of Biodiversity and associated natural and cultural resources, operated through of legal means. " According to this definition, and independently of its character anthropocentric, protected areas are territories of special management destined to the administration, management and protection of the environment and the renewable natural resources that they harbor.

The use of various inputs such as electricity, light or heat and energy sources, fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, hydropower, nuclear energy or alternative energy demanded in increasing amounts by the development technological and economic has produced the energy crisis since the 1970s is questioning the possibility of maintaining the current development model, coupled with other harmful effects, both by the uneven development, as its environmental consequences pollution, global warming, etc. .

The environmental impact produced by the Construction industry in the light of the Industrial Revolution constitutes the pending debt that industrialized societies have to face in view of this millennium; The truth is that the Industrial Revolution is a great change in the techniques used in the production of building materials, given that until then, the materials were natural, typical of the biosphere, from the immediate environment, simple manufacturing and adapted to the climatic conditions of the territory where the construction was carried out.

The result of this change is translated, in the first place, into a great increase of the distance between the obtaining of raw materials and the location of its elaboration or construction; second, in the depletion of nearby natural resources; and finally, in the increase of the emission of pollutants derived from the construction industry.

In addition, the high demand for construction materials in the mid-twentieth century raised the need to extract and process large amounts of raw materials, develop new materials and treat a high amount of construction and demolition waste, with the energy cost that It represents.

However, the challenge to be overcome by the construction industry, in any of its typologies, remains fundamentally the use of construction materials with low environmental impact, given that these are the ones that have the greatest impact on the natural environment, without ruling out other impacts related to energy consumption or waste.

Based on principles of ancestral construction where materials are natural elements that degrade over time and can even reincorporate nature.

Human beings, in their search for economic development and the enjoyment of natural wealth, must face the reality of the limited resources and capacity of ecosystems and we must take into account the needs of future generations, many of the problems of modern societies are related to the quality of life and the environment. The big question is: when do we stop to observe its components? Have we studied the interrelationships that take place there? Do we know how the ecosystem is structured observing in the nature ?, from this simple reflection is that we define our process; first we define the concept of structure; is a set of elements joined together capable of supporting the efforts that act on it, What conditions must a structure fulfill in order for it to work well? , it must be resistant, that is, it must withstand the loads it is subjected to without breaking, it must be stable, that is, it must not be overturned easily, it must be rigid, it can not be deformed, its basic shape does not change or it changes little within the limits and should be as light as possible. Observing the structures of nature we find perfect geometric shapes that nature perfected through evolution. Plants, animals and insects, all have a cover if we observe the Natural Cover that protects a fruit, a vegetable or an egg what we see is its shell, bark, skin or shell that fulfills not only the protection function of the attacks of the environment but also make them attractive and differentiable, if we move this natural cover to what in a construction would correspond to the shell of a house this would be integrated by the walls and roofs that comprise it, based on this concept we have defined our process as A SYSTEM OF COVERS OR NATURAL SHELLS.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION Technological area in which this invention is developed, Construction and Ecology BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The ancient builders thinking of protecting themselves against the inclemencies of time, and their various enemies observed and tried to imitate nature, No matter the time or region, the patterns were repeated throughout history, the most common procedure involves placing vertical strips or sticks of wood sticking to each other and to keep them in place horizontally placed strips or sticks of wood, ceilings wove with palm, grass or leaves, the floors were tamped and the windows and doors were built in attention to the climate conditions of your region (figure 9).

Later they applied mud to the walls to maintain a constant temperature and avoid the passage of insects and animals. Techniques that were maintained to this day, today we can find rustic houses with these characteristics in our country (figure 10), an example is the houses of communities of Mayan origin (figure 11).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 is a front view of bamboo elements of the same diameter and dimension placed parallel to each other and equidistant.

Figure 2 is a front view of a grid constructed with Bamboo.

Figure 3 is a view of an array of several lattices (caisson) constructed with Bamboo.

Figure 4 is a front view of a grid constructed with bamboo, lined with hexagonal mesh on both sides, stretched over its entire surface.

Figure 5 is a detail of the tension applied to the hexagonal mesh on a grid element.

Figure 6 is a view of a reinforcing of several lattices (box) built with Bamboo, lined with hexagonal mesh on both sides, tensioned on the entire surface.

Figure 7 is a front view of the application of the mortar on a bamboo grid reinforced with pre-stressed hexagonal mesh.

Figure 8 is a front view of the reinforced and prestressed grid covered in its entirety with the mortar.

Figure 9 as a background shows a rustic house built with sticks and straw.

Figure 10 as a background shows a rustic house built with wooden sticks and with adobe applications.

Figure 11 as an antecedent shows a traditional Mayan house.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION SYSTEM OF NATURAL COVERS It is a constructive prestressing system that essentially uses construction materials of low environmental impact, typical of the biosphere, from the immediate environment, simple manufacturing and adapted to the climatic conditions of the territory where the work is carried out, developing a process of degradation under the action of weathering that allows the reintegration of all its elements to nature.

USED MATERIALS Bamboo; plant present naturally on all continents with the exception of Europe, known as one of the fastest growing plants, Mortar Mixture of lime, sand and water, the element that acts as a binder of the mixture is lime, which on drying acquires a very hard constitution, but smaller than that of concrete. Additionally, natural fiber and additives of natural origin are added, such as resin from plants and trees that provide resistance to weathering, with the possibility of using another cementitious material.

Hexagonal mesh; Element that allows structural stability, is the only element derived from an elaborate industrial process, being an element constituted by thin gauge steel wire, it degrades naturally under the effects of weathering in a period no longer than 36 months.

CONSTRUCTIVE METHOD Assembly of the bamboo frame; a) Select sections of bamboo of equal diameter, b) The sections of bamboo are cut according to the required dimension separating them in horizontal and vertical. c) The horizontal sections are placed parallel to each other and equidistant (figure 1). d) The vertical sections of bamboo are placed perpendicularly on the horizontal sections and the horizontal pieces are fixed to the vertical ones so that they remain immobile (figure 2), the spaces of the grid may or may not be the same, this horizontal spacing and vertical bamboo generates a grid or board basic element of our system. e) The grids can be linked to each other to give continuity to an element or can be assembled grids perpendicularly formed drawers (figure 3), planes, curved or mixed, with the required dimensions and shape, you can incorporate diagonal elements.

Reinforcement of bamboo frame; a) On the front face of a bamboo grid a layer of hexagonal mesh is placed and a second layer of hexagonal mesh is placed on the back face of the same grid covering it in its entirety (figure 4), once placed the mesh is it ties together on the perimeter and then tapers at least once in each of the intermediate spaces of the grid (figure 5), the tensioning action of the two mesh layers is done by pulling with a mooring hook (masonry) simultaneously the two mesh layers and rotating half a turn without breaking the mesh, the repetition of the tension at least on one occasion in each of the frames of the grid (figure 5) stiffens the board to this action is called prestressing, for what we get a bamboo grid prestressed, as already mentioned, not only can reticles be manufactured in a plane, we can also assemble several reticles to form volumes with pre-tensioned graticules (figure 6) Coating application; a) Mortar; is the result of the mixture of lime, sand and water, the element that acts as a binder of the mixture is lime, which when dried acquires a very hard constitution, but smaller than that of concrete. Additionally, natural fiber and additives of natural origin are added, such as resin from plants and trees that provide resistance to weathering. Some other cement can be used for this purpose to give greater strength. b) On a reinforced bamboo grid the mortar is applied (figure 7) covering it completely with a layer of at least 5 centimeters thick, the grid must be covered on both sides with at least one centimeter of mortar, this technique is Used with the purpose of overcoming the natural weakness of the mortar against tensile stresses, generating mortar structural elements subjected intentionally to compressive stresses (pre-stressed hexagonal mesh) prior to commissioning, achieving part of the tractions that would produce the loads of service translate into a decrease in the compression already existing in the material. c) To obtain the final apparent finish on the grid, the mortar should be smoothed at least on its external face and, if possible, on both sides. The resulting surface can be polished, painted, sealed according to need and use, (Fig. 8) The NATURAL ROOF SYSTEM is an improvement over what exists because structurally speaking it is self-sustaining, achieving that part of the tractions that the service loads would produce translate into a reduction of the compression already existing in the material.

The NATURAL ROOF SYSTEM from the moment of its installation and as a result of its construction process natural materials, typical of the biosphere, coming from the immediate environment, of simple manufacture and adapted to the climatic conditions of the territory where the work is carried out, develops a process of degradation under the action of weathering that if desired, allows the reintegration of all its elements to nature in the medium term.

The NATURAL COVER SYSTEM, due to its design, allows the pieces to be linked to each other automatically in the simple maneuvering of the site.

The NATURAL ROOF SYSTEM promotes Sustainability giving rise to the equilibrium of our species with the resources of the environment, not only reduces the ecological impact but also reduces construction costs, promotes sustainable consumption by generating products with low environmental impact, reduces the thermal gradient produced by solar irradiation, adapting to complex designs such as domes, curves, cannons, vaults, roofs, volumes, etc. and allows the construction of prefabricated pieces reducing labor and installation costs, adapting to the needs of each project.

Therefore, we can affirm that the NATURAL ROOF SYSTEM is a prestressing construction system that combines characteristics of low ecological impact, stability, as well as constructive simplicity characteristics that had not been achieved in similar processes.

Claims (3)

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:

1. - The interaction of the three main components; Bamboo grid stiffness, the pretension applied to the hexagonal mesh and the mortar, generate a new developed element, characteristic that allows it to overcome the natural weakness of the mortar against tensile forces and result in a totally new prestressed composite element by biodegradable elements in the medium term and low ecological impact.

2. - Assembly of the bamboo frame; a) Select sections of bamboo of equal diameter, b) The sections of bamboo are cut according to the required dimension separating them in horizontal and vertical. c) The horizontal sections are placed parallel to each other and equidistant. d) The vertical sections of bamboo are placed perpendicularly on the horizontal sections and the horizontal pieces are fixed to the vertical pieces so that they remain motionless, the spaces of the grid may or may not be the same, this horizontal and vertical spacing of the bamboo generates a grid or board basic element of our system. e) The grids can be linked to each other to give continuity to an element or grid can be assembled perpendicularly formed drawers, planes, curved or mixed, with the required dimensions and shape, diagonal elements can be incorporated.

3. - Reinforcement of the bamboo frame; a) On the front face of a bamboo grid a layer of hexagonal mesh is placed and a second layer of hexagonal mesh is placed on the back face of the same grid covering it in its entirety, once placed the mesh is tied together by the perimeter and then tense at least once in each of the intermediate spaces of the grid, the tensioning action of the two layers of mesh is done by pulling with a hook of mooring (masonry) simultaneously the two layers of mesh and rotating half a turn without breaking the mesh, the repetition of the tension at least once in each of the frames of the grid stiffens the board to this action is called prestressing, so we get a pre-stressed bamboo reticle, as already commented not only can you make reticles in a plane, we can also assemble several reticles to form volumes with pre-tensioned reticles. Coating application; a) Mortar; is the result of the mixture of lime, sand and water, the element that acts as a binder of the mixture is lime, which on drying acquires a very hard constitution, but less than that of concrete. Additionally, natural fiber and additives of natural origin are added, such as resin from plants and trees that provide resistance to weathering. Some other cement can be used for this purpose to give greater strength. b) On top of a reinforced bamboo grid the mortar is applied, covering it in its entirety with a layer at least 5 centimeters thick, the grid must be covered on both sides with at least one centimeter of mortar, this technique is used for the purpose to overcome the natural weakness of the mortar against tensile stresses, generating mortar structural elements subjected intentionally to compressive stresses (pre-stressed hexagonal mesh) prior to its commissioning, achieving that part of the tractions that would produce the service charges are translated in a decrease of the compression already existing in the material. c) To obtain the final apparent finish on the grid, the mortar should be smoothed at least on its external face and, if possible, on both sides. The resulting surface can be polished, painted, sealed according to need and use,