WO2024093234A1 - 一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料及制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料及制备工艺 Download PDF

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WO2024093234A1
WO2024093234A1 PCT/CN2023/098267 CN2023098267W WO2024093234A1 WO 2024093234 A1 WO2024093234 A1 WO 2024093234A1 CN 2023098267 W CN2023098267 W CN 2023098267W WO 2024093234 A1 WO2024093234 A1 WO 2024093234A1
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fiber
parts
nylon
modified
strength
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PCT/CN2023/098267
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马驰
沈家广
尹彦军
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海阳科技股份有限公司
江苏海阳锦纶新材料有限公司
海阳科技(江苏)研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2024093234A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024093234A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/90—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/208—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based
    • D03D15/217—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based natural from plants, e.g. cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/208—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based
    • D03D15/225—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based artificial, e.g. viscose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/233—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads protein-based, e.g. wool or silk
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/76—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon oxides or carbonates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
    • D06M13/51—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond
    • D06M13/513—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond with at least one carbon-silicon bond
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of nylon, and specifically relates to a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth and a preparation process thereof.
  • Nylon is a term for polyamide fiber, which can be made into long fibers or short fibers.
  • Nylon is the trade name of polyamide fiber, also known as nylon.
  • the English name is Polyamide (PA for short), and its basic component is aliphatic polyamide connected by amide bonds - [NHCO] -.
  • nylon fibers can be divided into two categories.
  • One category is polyhexamethylene adipate obtained by polycondensation of diamine and diacid.
  • the relative molecular weight of this type of nylon is generally 17000-23000.
  • Different nylon products can be obtained according to the different carbon atoms of the diamine and dibasic acid used, and can be distinguished by the numbers added after the nylon, where the first number is the carbon atom number of the diamine and the second number is the carbon atom number of the dibasic acid.
  • nylon 66 means that it is made by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid
  • nylon 610 means that it is made by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid
  • the other category is obtained by polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam.
  • Polyamide is mainly used for synthetic fibers. Its most prominent advantage is that it has higher wear resistance than all other fibers. It is 10 times more wear-resistant than cotton and 20 times more wear-resistant than wool. Adding some polyamide fibers to blended fabrics can greatly improve its wear resistance. When stretched to 3-6%, the elastic recovery rate can reach 100%; it can withstand tens of thousands of flexing without breaking. In civilian use, it can be blended or spun into various medical and knitted products. Nylon filaments are mostly used in knitting and silk industries, such as single silk stockings, elastic stockings, various wear-resistant nylon stockings, nylon scarves, mosquito nets, nylon lace, elastic nylon outerwear, various nylon silks or interwoven silk products.
  • Nylon staple fibers are mostly used to blend with wool or other chemical fiber wool products to make various wear-resistant and durable clothing.
  • the wear resistance of fabrics is increasingly required. Designing and producing a nylon fabric with high wear resistance is of great practical significance.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon fabric and preparation process with a simple method and reasonable design in order to solve the problems that the stability of nylon fabric in the prior art cannot adapt to the use environment and its strength, chemical stability and wear resistance need to be improved urgently.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 introduce nylon slices and black masterbatch into a reactor, add transition metal salt, mix well and react together to form a polymer melt, then filter, extract and dry the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heat and extrude the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 Plying the modified nylon fiber, natural fiber, polyester fiber, polyaramid fiber, bamboo charcoal fiber and viscose fiber obtained in step S1 in proportion through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making the warped yarn into grey cloth on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuuming and cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in an impregnation liquid, and then freeze-drying it to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • step S1 the addition ratio of nylon chips, black masterbatch and transition metal salt is 1-3:1:0.1-0.5 by mass ratio; the particle size of the black masterbatch is 100-500 nm.
  • the impregnation liquid in step S4 is a compound liquid of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:5-12:40-48, the impregnation time is 4-10 hours, the freeze-drying temperature is -10°C, and the drying time is 3-6 hours.
  • a high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric prepared by any of the above methods comprises, by weight, 15-30 parts of modified nylon fiber, 10-30 parts of natural fiber, 25-40 parts of polyester fiber, 20-40 parts of polyaramid fiber, 5-10 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber and 15-25 parts of viscose fiber.
  • it includes, by weight, 18-28 parts of modified nylon fiber, 15-25 parts of natural fiber, 28-35 parts of polyester fiber, 25-35 parts of polyaramid fiber, 6-8 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber and 18-22 parts of viscose fiber.
  • it includes, by weight, 25 parts of modified nylon fiber, 20 parts of natural fiber, 32 parts of polyester fiber, 30 parts of polyaramid fiber, 7 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber and 20 parts of viscose fiber.
  • the present invention introduces nylon slices and black masterbatch into a reaction kettle, and adds transition metal salt, mixes them evenly and reacts together to form a polymer melt, then filters, extracts and dries the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heats and extrude the modified masterbatch to obtain a modified nylon fiber.
  • the modified nylon fiber By adding the modified nylon fiber into the nylon cloth, the prepared nylon cloth has the characteristics of the modified nylon fiber and has strong wear resistance.
  • the present invention enhances the tensile strength of the modified nylon fiber by adding black masterbatch into the modified nylon fiber, and enhances the strength of the nylon fiber cloth by adding transition metal salt to mix transition metal components into the modified nylon fiber.
  • the present invention adds polyaramid fiber to nylon fabric, utilizes the heat resistance, high strength and high chemical resistance of polyaramid fiber, and thus enhances the strength of nylon fabric.
  • the present invention uses ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water to prepare an impregnation solution, and immerses the grey cloth in the impregnation solution to cause physical and chemical changes in the fiber, thereby changing the strength and wear resistance of the fiber cloth.
  • the method of the invention is simple and easy to implement.
  • the prepared nylon fabric has good heat resistance and chemical stability, high tensile strength and good wear resistance and can be widely used.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 Introducing nylon chips and black masterbatch with a particle size of 200 nm into a reactor at a mass ratio of 1:1:0.1, adding transition metal salt, mixing evenly and reacting together to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 by weight, 15 parts of the modified nylon fiber obtained in step S1, 10 parts of the natural fiber, 25 parts of the polyester fiber, 20 parts of the polyaramid fiber, 5 parts of the bamboo charcoal fiber and 15 parts of the viscose fiber are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making grey cloth from the warped yarn on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:5:40 for 4 hours, and then freeze-drying it at -10°C for 3 hours to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 Introducing nylon chips and black masterbatch with a particle size of 200 nm into a reactor at a mass ratio of 2:1:0.3, adding transition metal salt, mixing evenly and reacting together to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 by weight, 25 parts of the modified nylon fiber obtained in step S1, 20 parts of the natural fiber, 32 parts of the polyester fiber, 30 parts of the polyaramid fiber, 7 parts of the bamboo charcoal fiber and 20 parts of the viscose fiber are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making grey cloth from the warped yarn on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:8:44 for 6 hours, and then freeze-drying it at -10°C for 4 hours to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 Introducing nylon chips and black masterbatch with a particle size of 200 nm into a reactor at a mass ratio of 3:1:0.5, adding transition metal salt, mixing evenly and reacting together to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 by weight, 25 parts of the modified nylon fiber obtained in step S1, 20 parts of natural fiber, 35 parts of polyester fiber, 30 parts of polyaramid fiber, 10 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber and 25 parts of viscose fiber are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making the warped yarn into grey cloth on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:6:46 for 10 hours, and then freeze-drying it at -10°C for 6 hours to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 Introducing nylon chips and black masterbatch with a particle size of 200 nm into a reactor at a mass ratio of 2:1:0.3, adding transition metal salt, mixing evenly and reacting together to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 by weight, 30 parts of the modified nylon fiber obtained in step S1, 30 parts of the natural fiber, 40 parts of the polyester fiber, 40 parts of the polyaramid fiber, 10 parts of the bamboo charcoal fiber and 25 parts of the viscose fiber are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making grey cloth from the warped yarn on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:12:48 for 8 hours, and then freeze-drying it at -10°C for 4 hours to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 introducing nylon chips and black masterbatch with a particle size of 200 nm into a reactor at a mass ratio of 2:1, mixing them evenly and reacting them together to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 by weight, 25 parts of the modified nylon fiber obtained in step S1, 20 parts of the natural fiber, 32 parts of the polyester fiber, 30 parts of the polyaramid fiber, 7 parts of the bamboo charcoal fiber and 20 parts of the viscose fiber are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making grey cloth from the warped yarn on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:8:44 for 4-10 hours, and then freeze-drying it at -10°C for 4 hours to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 introducing nylon chips and transition metal salt into a reactor at a mass ratio of 2:0.3, mixing them evenly and reacting them together to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 by weight, 25 parts of the modified nylon fiber obtained in step S1, 20 parts of the natural fiber, 32 parts of the polyester fiber, 30 parts of the polyaramid fiber, 7 parts of the bamboo charcoal fiber and 20 parts of the viscose fiber are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making grey cloth from the warped yarn on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:8:44 for 6 hours, and then freeze-drying it at -10°C for 4 hours to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 introducing nylon chips into a reactor to react to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the masterbatch to obtain nylon fibers;
  • Step S2 by weight, 20 parts of nylon fiber, 15 parts of natural fiber, 30 parts of polyester fiber, 25 parts of polyaramid fiber, 8 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber and 20 parts of viscose fiber obtained in step S1 are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making grey cloth from the warped yarn on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:8:44 for 6 hours, and then freeze-drying it at -10°C for 4 hours to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.
  • a preparation process of high-strength wear-resistant nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 Introducing nylon chips and black masterbatch with a particle size of 200 nm into a reactor at a mass ratio of 2:1:0.3, adding transition metal salt, mixing evenly and reacting together to form a polymer melt, filtering, extracting and drying the polymer melt to obtain a modified masterbatch, and then heating and extruding the modified masterbatch to obtain modified nylon fiber;
  • Step S2 by weight, 20 parts of the modified nylon fiber obtained in step S1, 15 parts of natural fiber, 30 parts of polyester fiber, 25 parts of polyaramid fiber, 8 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber and 20 parts of viscose fiber are twisted together through a twisting machine to prepare nylon yarn;
  • Step S3 knotting and connecting the nylon yarn obtained in step S2 on a warping machine and making the warped yarn into grey cloth on a loom;
  • Step S4 vacuum cleaning the prepared grey cloth, immersing the cleaned grey cloth in a mixed solution of ammonium bicarbonate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and water in a mass ratio of 1:8:44 for 6 hours, and drying at room temperature to obtain a high-strength and wear-resistant nylon cloth.

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Abstract

一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料及制备工艺，解决了现有技术中锦纶布料稳定性不能适应使用环境，其强度、化学稳定性和耐磨性亟待提高等问题，所述高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：首先制备含锦纶、黑色母粒和过渡金属盐的改性锦纶纤维，再将改性锦纶纤维与其他纤维材料共混、捻线，制成胚布，经清洁浸渍干燥后形成锦纶布料。通过在锦纶布料中添加改性锦纶纤维，使制备的锦纶布料具有改性锦纶纤维的特性，其耐磨性较强。

Description

一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料及制备工艺 技术领域
本发明属于锦纶技术领域，具体涉及一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料及制备工艺。
 背景技术
锦纶是聚酰胺纤维的一种说法，可制成长纤或短纤。锦纶是聚酰胺纤维的商品名称，又称耐纶（Nylon）。英文名称Polyamide（简称PA），其基本组成物质是通过酰胺键—[NHCO]—连接起来的脂肪族聚酰胺。
常用的锦纶纤维可分为两大类。一类是由二胺和二酸缩聚而得的聚己二酸己二胺，这类锦纶的相对分子量一般为17000-23000.根据所用二元胺和二元酸的碳原子数不同，可以得到不同的锦纶产品，并可通过加在锦纶后的数字区别，其中前一数字是二元胺的碳原子数，后一数字是二元酸的碳原子数。例如锦纶66，说明它是由己二胺和己二酸缩聚制得；锦纶610，说明它是由己二胺和癸二酸制得；另一类是由己内酰胺缩聚或开环聚合得到的。
聚酰胺（锦纶）主要用于合成纤维，其最突出的优点是耐磨性高于其他所有纤维，比棉花耐磨性高10倍，比羊毛高20倍，在混纺织物中稍加入一些聚酰胺纤维，可大大提高其耐磨性；当拉伸至3-6%时，弹性回复率可达100%；能经受上万次折挠而不断裂。在民用上，可以混纺或纯纺成各种医疗及针织品。锦纶长丝多用于针织及丝绸工业，如织单丝袜、弹力丝袜等各种耐磨的锦纶袜，锦纶纱巾，蚊帐，锦纶花边，弹力锦纶外衣，各种锦纶绸或交织的丝绸品。锦纶短纤维大都用来与羊毛或其它化学纤维的毛型产品混纺，制成各种耐磨经穿的衣料。但在实际使用过程中，为了适应不同的实用环境，对布料的耐磨性要求越来越高，设计和生产一种具有高强耐磨性能的锦纶布料具有重要的现实意义。
 技术问题
现有技术中锦纶布料稳定性不能适应使用环境，其强度、化学稳定性和耐磨性亟待提高等问题。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于为了解决现有技术中锦纶布料稳定性不能适应使用环境，其强度、化学稳定性和耐磨性亟待提高等问题，而提供一种方法简单，设计合理的高强耐磨型锦纶布料及制备工艺。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的：
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
 步骤S1：将锦纶切片与黑色母粒黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按比例将步骤S1获得的改性锦纶纤维、天然纤维、聚酯纤维、聚芳酰胺纤维、竹炭纤维和粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入浸渍液中浸渍，再冷冻干燥，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，按质量比计，所述步骤S1中锦纶切片、黑色母粒及过渡金属盐的添加比例为1-3:1：0.1-0.5；黑色母粒的粒度为100～500nm。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述步骤S4中的浸渍液为质量比为1:5-12:40-48的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液，所述浸渍时间为4-10h，所述冷冻干燥的温度为-10℃，干燥时间为3-6h。
一种如上述任一方法制备的高强耐磨型锦纶布料，按重量份计，包括15-30份的改性锦纶纤维、10-30份的天然纤维、25-40份的聚酯纤维、20-40份的聚芳酰胺纤维、5-10份的竹炭纤维和15-25份的粘胶纤维。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，按重量份计，包括18-28份的改性锦纶纤维、15-25份的天然纤维、28-35份的聚酯纤维、25-35份的聚芳酰胺纤维、6-8份的竹炭纤维和18-22份的粘胶纤维。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，按重量份计，包括25份的改性锦纶纤维、20份的天然纤维、32份的聚酯纤维、30份的聚芳酰胺纤维、7份的竹炭纤维和20份的粘胶纤维。
 有益效果
本发明将锦纶切片与黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维，通过在锦纶布料中添加改性锦纶纤维，使制备的锦纶布料具有改性锦纶纤维的特性，其耐磨性较强；
本发明通过在改性锦纶纤维中添加黑色母粒，来增强改性纤维的拉伸强度，且通过添加过渡金属盐使改性锦纶纤维中混入过渡金属成分，增强锦纶纤维布料的强度；
本发明通过在锦纶面料中添加聚芳酰胺纤维，利用聚芳酰胺纤维的耐热性、高强度、高耐化学性能，进而使锦纶布料的强度增强；
本发明利用碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配制成浸渍液，通过将胚布在浸渍液中浸渍，进而使纤维发生物理化学变化，改变纤维布料的强度和耐磨性能；
本发明方法简单，便于实现，制得的锦纶布料具有良好的耐热性和化学稳定性，其拉伸强度高，耐磨性能好，可得广泛使用。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请作进一步详细描述，有必要在此指出的是，以下具体实施方式只用于对本申请进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制，该领域的技术人员可以根据上述申请内容对本申请作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：按质量比1:1:0.1，将锦纶切片与粒度为200nm的黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的15份改性锦纶纤维、10份天然纤维、25份的聚酯纤维、20份的聚芳酰胺纤维、5份的竹炭纤维和15份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:5:40的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍4h，再在-10℃下冷冻干燥3h，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
本发明的实施方式
实施例2
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：按质量比2:1:0.3，将锦纶切片与粒度为200nm的黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的25份的改性锦纶纤维、20份的天然纤维、32份的聚酯纤维、30份的聚芳酰胺纤维、7份的竹炭纤维和20份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:8:44的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍6h，再在-10℃下冷冻干燥4h，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
实施例
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：按质量比3:1:0.5，将锦纶切片与粒度为200nm的黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的25份改性锦纶纤维、20份天然纤维、35份的聚酯纤维、30份的聚芳酰胺纤维、10份的竹炭纤维和25份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:6:46的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍10h，再在-10℃下冷冻干燥6h，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
实施例
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：按质量比2:1:0.3，将锦纶切片与粒度为200nm的黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的30份改性锦纶纤维、30份天然纤维、40份的聚酯纤维、40份的聚芳酰胺纤维、10份的竹炭纤维和25份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:12:48的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍8h，再在-10℃下冷冻干燥4h，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
对比例1
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：按质量比2:1将锦纶切片与粒度为200nm的黑色母粒导入反应釜中，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的25份的改性锦纶纤维、20份的天然纤维、32份的聚酯纤维、30份的聚芳酰胺纤维、7份的竹炭纤维和20份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:8:44的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍4-10h，再在-10℃下冷冻干燥4h，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
对比例2
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：按质量比2:0.3，将锦纶切片与过渡金属盐导入反应釜中，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的25份的改性锦纶纤维、20份的天然纤维、32份的聚酯纤维、30份的聚芳酰胺纤维、7份的竹炭纤维和20份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:8:44的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍6h，再在-10℃下冷冻干燥4h，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
对比例3
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：将锦纶切片导入反应釜中反应后形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得母粒，再将母粒加热挤出获得锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的20份锦纶纤维、15份天然纤维、30份的聚酯纤维、25份的聚芳酰胺纤维、8份的竹炭纤维和20份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:8:44的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍6h，再在-10℃下冷冻干燥4h，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
对比例4
一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：按质量比2:1:0.3，将锦纶切片与粒度为200nm的黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
步骤S2：按重量份计，将步骤S1获得的20份改性锦纶纤维、15份天然纤维、30份的聚酯纤维、25份的聚芳酰胺纤维、8份的竹炭纤维和20份的粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入质量比为1:8:44的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液中浸渍6h，常温干燥处理，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
 工业实用性
检测实施例1-4和对比例1-4获得的锦纶布料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度，其结果如下表1所示：
上表结果表明：当在改性锦纶纤维中添加粒度为200nm的黑色母粒或过渡金属盐时，都会使锦纶布料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度有所改善，这是因为丙纶的耐磨性能与锦纶相互叠加，此外过渡金属盐的增加，使二者之间的结合更强，让锦纶纤维布料的强度进一步增强；此外，当使用浸渍和冷冻干燥技术相结合的手段进行清洁干燥时，会使锦纶面料的耐磨型得到增强。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
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在此处键入序列表自由内容描述段落。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
     步骤S1：将锦纶切片与黑色母粒黑色母粒导入反应釜中，并加入过渡金属盐，混合均匀后共同反应，形成聚合物熔体，再将聚合物熔体进行过滤、萃取和干燥，获得改性母粒，再将改性母粒加热挤出获得改性锦纶纤维；
    步骤S2：按比例将步骤S1获得的改性锦纶纤维、天然纤维、聚酯纤维、聚芳酰胺纤维、竹炭纤维和粘胶纤维通过捻线机进行合股，制成锦纶纱线；
    步骤S3：将步骤S2获得锦纶纱线在整经机上，进行打结连接并将整经后的纱线在织布机上制成胚布；
    步骤S4：对制成的胚布进行吸尘清洁处理，清洁后的胚布放入浸渍液中浸渍，再冷冻干燥，获得高强耐磨型锦纶布料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，其特征在于：按质量比计，所述步骤S1中锦纶切片、黑色母粒黑色母粒及过渡金属盐的添加比例为1-3:1：0.1-0.5；所述黑色母粒的粒度为100～500nm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤S4中的浸渍液为质量比为1:5-12:40-48的碳酸氢铵、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和水的复配液，所述浸渍时间为4-10h，所述冷冻干燥的温度为-10℃，干燥时间为3-6h。
  4. 一种如权利要求1-3任一所述方法制备的高强耐磨型锦纶布料，其特征在于：按重量份计，包括15-30份的改性锦纶纤维、10-30份的天然纤维、25-40份的聚酯纤维、20-40份的聚芳酰胺纤维、5-10份的竹炭纤维和15-25份的粘胶纤维。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料，其特征在于：按重量份计，包括18-28份的改性锦纶纤维、15-25份的天然纤维、28-35份的聚酯纤维、25-35份的聚芳酰胺纤维、6-8份的竹炭纤维和18-22份的粘胶纤维。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种高强耐磨型锦纶布料，其特征在于：按重量份计，包括25份的改性锦纶纤维、20份的天然纤维、32份的聚酯纤维、30份的聚芳酰胺纤维、7份的竹炭纤维和20份的粘胶纤维。
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