WO2024087572A1 - 汞检测装置及方法 - Google Patents

汞检测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087572A1
WO2024087572A1 PCT/CN2023/092709 CN2023092709W WO2024087572A1 WO 2024087572 A1 WO2024087572 A1 WO 2024087572A1 CN 2023092709 W CN2023092709 W CN 2023092709W WO 2024087572 A1 WO2024087572 A1 WO 2024087572A1
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Prior art keywords
mercury
reaction container
container
detection device
gas
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PCT/CN2023/092709
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余长开
韩立鹏
钟犁
李昱喆
李超
孔祥贞
彭文乾
陈飞云
苏林
茹宇
Original Assignee
华能重庆珞璜发电有限责任公司
北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2024087572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087572A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of detection and analysis of trace mercury in coal, and in particular to a mercury detection device and method.
  • Mercury is a toxic heavy metal element that is liquid at room temperature, has poor thermal stability and is very volatile. Due to the special properties of mercury, most of the mercury will be released during the use of coal.
  • the content of trace mercury (Hg) in coal is low, generally less than 1ppm. It is difficult to accurately detect trace mercury (Hg) in coal. Accurate detection of mercury content in coal can provide basic data for further control of mercury pollution.
  • trace mercury in coal has problems such as low detection accuracy.
  • my country's national standard mercury detection method uses vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst and a nitric acid-sulfuric acid system to decompose coal samples, converting mercury in the coal into divalent mercury ions, and then reducing the divalent mercury to elemental mercury vapor, and using a cold atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine the mercury content.
  • this method has the following two problems. First, when the coal sample is heated, a portion of the elemental mercury will evaporate and escape into the atmosphere; in addition, the method stipulates that the maximum heating temperature of the coal sample is 160°C, which is likely to result in incomplete digestion of the coal sample, and a small amount of mercury will remain in the ash. The above two problems will cause negative deviations in the detection of mercury in coal.
  • the international standard method for detecting mercury is to use cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry to analyze the mercury content in the absorption liquid after combustion and convert the mercury content in the coal.
  • the mercury in the exhaust gas of the combustion dish is lost, which also leads to a systematic negative deviation in the test results.
  • the inventors know that the methods for detecting trace mercury in coal in the related art have problems such as negative analytical deviation and low detection accuracy.
  • an embodiment of the present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a mercury detection device with high detection accuracy; an embodiment of the present invention also provides a mercury detection method with high detection accuracy.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction container, a combustion dish, an ignition wire, a reduction container and a mercury analyzer
  • the reaction container includes a reactor body and a sealing cover, the reactor body has a first opening, the sealing cover is detachably mounted on the first opening, and the reaction container has an oxygen inlet and a first gas outlet
  • the combustion dish is arranged in the reactor body and connected to the reaction container, at least a part of the ignition wire is arranged in the combustion dish, and the two ends of the ignition wire are respectively used to electrically connect to the positive and negative electrodes of a power supply
  • the reduction container has a first gas inlet and a second gas outlet, the first gas inlet is connected to the first gas outlet, and an opening and closing valve is provided between the first gas inlet and the first gas outlet
  • the mercury analyzer is connected to the second gas outlet.
  • the sealing cover is removed from the first opening, the coal sample is placed on the combustion dish and in contact with the ignition wire, an absorbent is added to the reaction container, and then the sealing cover is installed on the first opening.
  • a reducing agent is added to the reduction container, the on-off valve is closed, oxygen is introduced into the reaction container through the oxygen inlet, the two ends of the ignition wire are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply, and the ignition wire ignites the coal sample so that the coal sample can be fully burned under oxygen-rich conditions.
  • the on-off valve is opened, and the divalent mercuric ions and mercury vapor in the flue gas in the reaction container that are not absorbed by the absorbent flow into the reduction container.
  • the divalent mercuric ions are reduced to mercury vapor by the reducing agent in the reduction container, and the reduced mercury vapor and the original mercury vapor carried in the flue gas enter the mercury analyzer together, and the mercury analyzer measures the mercury content in the flue gas.
  • the divalent mercuric ions absorbed by the absorbent in the reaction container are reduced to mercury vapor by the reducing agent, and the mercury vapor content is measured by the mercury analyzer.
  • the mercury content in the coal sample consists of the mercury content in the absorbent and the mercury content in the flue gas.
  • the sum of the detection values of the two is the mercury content in the coal sample.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention can measure the mercury vapor in the flue gas after the coal sample is burned while ensuring that the coal sample is fully burned, thereby greatly reducing or even avoiding the impact of mercury detection accuracy due to incomplete combustion of the coal sample and the escape of mercury vapor in the flue gas after combustion, thereby achieving high detection accuracy.
  • the detection device has the advantages of high detection accuracy.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention also includes a connecting tube and an impact ball, wherein the connecting tube is sealed and inserted on the first gas inlet, the inlet of the connecting tube is connected to the first gas outlet, the outlet of the connecting tube is located in the reduction container, and the on-off valve is arranged on the connecting tube; the impact ball is arranged at the outlet end of the connecting tube, the impact ball has an impact chamber and a plurality of air outlet holes connected to the impact chamber, the impact chamber is connected to the outlet of the connecting tube, and the plurality of air outlet holes are arranged at intervals.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention further includes at least one circular disk and at least one annular disk, wherein the circular disk and the annular disk are alternately arranged in the reduction container along the height direction of the reaction container, at least one circular disk and at least one annular disk are located above the impact ball, the circular disk is sleeved on the connecting tube, the outer circumferential surface of the circular disk is spaced apart from the reaction container, the annular disk has a through hole, the annular disk is sleeved on the connecting tube, the hole wall of the through hole is spaced apart from the connecting tube, and the outer circumferential surface of the annular disk is connected to the reaction container.
  • the diameter of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the disk.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention also includes an anode column and a cathode column, and the anode column and the cathode column are both sealed and inserted on the sealing cover, one end of the anode column is placed in the reactor body and electrically connected to one end of the ignition wire, the other end of the anode column is placed outside the reactor body and used to be electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, one end of the cathode column is placed in the reactor body and electrically connected to the other end of the ignition wire, and the other end of the cathode column is placed outside the reactor body and used to be electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
  • the combustion vessel is connected to at least one of the anode column and the cathode column.
  • a safety valve is provided on the sealing cover, and when the gas pressure in the reaction container is greater than 20 MPa, the safety valve opens.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a cooling tank, in which a cooling medium is provided, and the reaction container is provided in the cooling tank so as to cool the reaction container.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention further includes an exhaust gas treatment device, and the exhaust gas treatment device is connected to the outlet end of the mercury analyzer.
  • the mercury detection method of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the mercury detection device described in any of the above embodiments, and includes:
  • V1 volume of the reaction container as V1
  • V2 volume of the reaction container
  • an absorbent prepared with deionized water into the reaction container
  • a reducing agent prepared with deionized water into the reduction container
  • the two ends of the ignition wire are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively, so that the ignition wire ignites the coal sample;
  • the on-off valve is opened to allow the flue gas in the reaction container to enter the reduction container to be reduced by the reducing agent, and the reduced flue gas enters the mercury analyzer to detect the volume V2 and concentration C1 of mercury in the flue gas;
  • the absorbed absorbent solution in the reaction container is fixed to volume V3, and then 5% W/V KMnO4 solution is added until pink or purple is obtained, and the solution is recorded as a mixed solution;
  • the concentration of precipitated mercury was measured by a mercury meter and was C2;
  • the mercury concentration in the blank reducing agent solution was measured by a mercury meter and was C3;
  • the mercury detection method of the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of high detection accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mercury detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Reaction vessel 1 Reaction vessel 1; reactor body 101; sealing cover 102; oxygen inlet 103; first gas outlet 104;
  • Reduction container 4 first gas inlet 401; second gas outlet 402;
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a reaction vessel 1, a combustion vessel 2, an ignition wire 3, a reduction vessel 4 and a mercury analyzer 6.
  • the reaction vessel 1 comprises a reactor body 101 and a sealing cover 102, wherein the reactor body 101 has a first opening, and the sealing cover 102 is detachably mounted on the first opening, and the reaction vessel 1 has an oxygen inlet 103 and a first gas outlet 104.
  • the combustion vessel 2 is disposed in the reactor body 101 and connected to the reaction vessel 1, and at least a portion of the ignition wire 3 is disposed in the combustion vessel 2, and the two ends of the ignition wire 3 are respectively used to be electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply.
  • the reduction vessel 4 has a first gas inlet 401 and a second gas outlet 402, wherein the first gas inlet 401 is connected to the first gas outlet 104, and an on-off valve 5 is disposed between the first gas inlet 401 and the first gas outlet 104, and the mercury analyzer 6 is connected to the second gas outlet 402.
  • the sealing cover 102 is removed from the first opening, the coal sample 15 is placed on the combustion dish 2 and in contact with the ignition wire 3, an absorbent is added to the reaction container 1, and then the sealing cover 102 is installed on the first opening.
  • a reducing agent is added to the reduction container 4, the on-off valve 5 is closed, oxygen is introduced into the reaction container 1 through the oxygen inlet 103, the two ends of the ignition wire 3 are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply, and the ignition wire 3 ignites the coal sample 15 so that the coal sample can be fully burned under oxygen-rich conditions.
  • the flue gas generated by the combustion of the coal sample 15 includes divalent mercuric ions and mercury vapor, and the absorbent contained in the reaction container 1 absorbs the divalent mercuric ions in the flue gas.
  • the on-off valve 5 is opened, and the divalent mercuric ions and mercury vapor in the flue gas in the reaction container 1 that are not absorbed by the absorbent flow into the reduction container 4, and the divalent mercuric ions are reduced to mercury vapor by the reducing agent in the reduction container 4.
  • the reduced mercury vapor and the original mercury vapor carried in the flue gas enter the mercury analyzer 6 together, and the mercury analyzer 6 measures the mercury content in the flue gas.
  • the divalent mercuric ions absorbed by the absorbent in the reaction container 1 are reduced to mercury vapor by a reducing agent, and the mercury vapor content is measured by a mercury meter.
  • the mercury content in the coal sample 15 includes the mercury content in the absorbent and the mercury content in the flue gas, and the sum of the detection values of the two is the mercury content in the coal sample 2.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can also measure the mercury vapor in the flue gas after the combustion of the coal sample 15 while ensuring the full combustion of the coal sample 2, thereby greatly reducing or even avoiding the influence of the mercury detection accuracy of the coal sample 15 due to the incomplete combustion and the escape of mercury vapor in the flue gas after the combustion, so as to achieve high detection accuracy.
  • the detection device has the advantages of high detection accuracy.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a sealing ring, the sealing cover 102 is threadedly connected to the reactor body 101, and the sealing ring is arranged between the sealing cover 102 and the reactor body 101.
  • the sealing cover 102 can be disassembled by screwing the sealing cover 102, so that the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate.
  • the combustion dish 2 is made of high temperature resistant quartz or inert alloy.
  • the ignition wire 3 is made of nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the mercury analyzer 6 is provided with temperature and pressure probes to monitor and feed back temperature and pressure signals.
  • reaction vessel body 101 is made of alloy material and plated with an inert film.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a connecting tube 7 and an impact ball 8.
  • the connecting tube 7 is sealed and inserted on the first gas inlet 401, the inlet of the connecting tube 7 is connected to the first gas outlet 104 through a quick-connect plug, the outlet of the connecting tube 7 is located in the reduction container 4, and the on-off valve 5 is provided on the connecting tube 7.
  • the impact ball 8 is provided at the outlet end of the connecting tube 7, and the impact ball 8 has an impact chamber and a plurality of gas outlets connected to the impact chamber, the impact chamber is connected to the outlet of the connecting tube 7, and the plurality of gas outlets are arranged at intervals.
  • the impact ball 8 is located at the bottom of the reduction bottle, and the liquid level of the reducing agent in the reduction container 4 is located above the impact ball 8.
  • the flue gas generated in the reaction container 1 enters the connecting pipe 7 through the first gas outlet 104, and enters the impact chamber through the outlet of the connecting pipe 7.
  • the flue gas entering the impact chamber flows out through multiple outlet holes.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an impact ball 8, and a plurality of air outlets are provided on the impact ball 8, so that the air outlets can spray in different directions to fully contact with the reducing agent, which is beneficial for the reducing agent to fully reduce the divalent mercury ions in the flue gas, and avoids that some divalent mercury ions in the flue gas affect the detection accuracy due to insufficient reduction, thereby facilitating the improvement of the detection accuracy of the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the connecting tube 7 is a polytetrafluoroethylene tube.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes at least one disc 9 and at least one annular disc 10, which are alternately arranged in the reduction container 4 along the height direction of the reaction container 1, at least one disc 9 and at least one annular disc 10 are located above the impact ball 8, the disc 9 is sleeved on the connecting tube 7, the outer circumferential surface of the disc 9 is spaced apart from the reaction container 1, the annular disc 10 has a through hole 1001, the annular disc 10 is sleeved on the connecting tube 7, the hole wall of the through hole 1001 is spaced apart from the connecting tube 7, and the outer circumferential surface of the annular disc 10 is connected to the reaction container 1.
  • FIG. 1 there are two circular disks 9 and one annular disk 10, and the circular disks 9, annular disks 10 and circular disks 9 are alternately arranged from bottom to top, and a serpentine channel is formed between the two circular disks 9 and the annular disk 10, so as to increase the flow path of the flue gas in the air outlet, which is beneficial to increase the contact time between the flue gas and the reducing agent, and further helps the reducing agent to fully reduce the divalent mercuric ions in the flue gas, thereby further helping to improve the detection accuracy of the mercury detection device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the diameter of the through hole 1001 is smaller than the outer diameter of the disk 9 .
  • the mercury detection device 100 sets the aperture of the through hole 1001 to be smaller than the outer diameter of the disk 9, which is beneficial to increase the path of the serpentine channel formed between the disk 9 and the annular disk 10, thereby further facilitating the increase of the contact time between the flue gas and the reducing agent, further facilitating the reduction agent to fully reduce the divalent mercuric ions in the flue gas, and further facilitating the improvement of the detection accuracy of the mercury detection device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention includes an anode column 11 and a cathode column 12, and the anode column 11 and the cathode column 12 are both sealed and inserted on the sealing cover 102, one end of the anode column 11 is placed in the reactor body 101 and electrically connected to one end of the ignition wire 3, the other end of the anode column 11 is placed outside the reactor body 101 and is used to be electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, one end of the cathode column 12 is placed in the reactor body 101 and is electrically connected to the other end of the ignition wire 3, and the other end of the cathode column 12 is placed outside the reactor body 101 and is used to be electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention electrically connects the positive and negative electrodes of the external power supply to the two ends of the ignition wire 3 by setting the anode column 11 and the cathode column 12, thereby facilitating the heating of the ignition wire 3, making the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention simple in structure and easy to operate.
  • combustion vessel 2 is connected to at least one of the anode column 11 and the cathode column 12 .
  • the combustion vessel 2 is connected to the cathode column 12.
  • the combustion vessel 2 By connecting the combustion vessel 2 to the cathode column 12, when the sealing cover 102 is removed, the combustion vessel 2 can be taken out from the reactor body 101 together with the sealing cover 102, so that it is convenient to add the coal sample 15 into the combustion vessel 2, so that the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is easy to operate.
  • a safety valve 13 is provided on the sealing cover 102 , and when the gas pressure in the reaction container 1 is greater than 20 MPa, the safety valve 13 opens.
  • the mercury detection device of the embodiment of the present invention can effectively avoid excessive gas pressure in the reaction container 1 and cause safety accidents such as explosion of the reaction container 1 by setting a safety valve 13, thereby improving the safety of the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a cooling tank 14 .
  • a cooling medium is provided in the cooling tank 14 .
  • the reaction container 1 is provided in the cooling tank 14 so as to cool the reaction container 1 .
  • the cooling medium is cooling water.
  • the high temperature generated by the combustion of the coal sample 15 can be prevented from affecting the absorption effect of the absorbent on divalent mercury ions, which is further beneficial to improving the detection accuracy of the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes an exhaust gas treatment device 16 , and the exhaust gas treatment device 16 is connected to the outlet end of the mercury analyzer 6 .
  • the tail gas treatment device 16 contains activated carbon adsorbent to adsorb the tail gas discharged by the mercury analyzer 6 to prevent harmful gases in the tail gas from being discharged into the atmosphere to pollute the air, so that the mercury detection device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention has good environmental performance.
  • the mercury detection method of the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the two ends of the ignition wire 3 are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively, so that the ignition wire 3 ignites the coal sample 15;
  • the on-off valve 5 is opened to allow the flue gas in the reaction container 1 to enter the reduction container 4 to be reduced by the reducing agent, and the reduced flue gas enters the mercury analyzer 6 to detect the volume V2 and concentration C1 of mercury in the flue gas;
  • the absorbed absorbent solution in the reaction vessel 1 is fixed to volume V3, and then 5% W/V KMnO4 solution is added until pink or purple is obtained, and this is recorded as a mixed solution;
  • a preset volume of the mixed solution is taken into a first mixing container, and a 20% W/V stannous chloride solution is added into the first mixing container, so that the divalent mercury in the mixed solution is reduced to mercury vapor for precipitation;
  • the concentration of precipitated mercury measured by a mercury meter was C2;
  • the mercury concentration in the blank reducing agent solution was measured by a mercury meter and was C3;
  • the mercury detection method of the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • Step 1 record the volume of the reaction container 1 as V1, perform an airtightness check on the mercury detection device 100 and verify that it is qualified, remove the sealing cover 102, add 100 mL of 1 mol/L KCl prepared with deionized water into the reaction container 1, and place the reaction container 1 in the cooling tank 14, add a reducing agent prepared with deionized water into the reduction container 4, the reducing agent may be one of stannous chloride, potassium borohydride or sodium borohydride, fill the tail gas treatment device 16 with halogen-modified activated carbon that efficiently absorbs mercury, and start the mercury analyzer 6;
  • Step 3 The two ends of the ignition wire 3 are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively, so that the ignition wire 3 ignites the coal sample 15, and the coal sample 15 burns with the assistance of oxygen, and the mercury vapor in the coal sample 15 evaporates at high temperature, and the divalent mercury ions in the flue gas dissolve into 1 mol/L KCl;
  • Step 4 After the coal sample 15 is completely burned, the on-off valve 5 is opened to allow the flue gas in the reaction container 1 to enter the impact ball 8 in the reduction container 4 through the connecting pipe 7 at a flow rate of 4L/min, and be discharged through the air outlet of the impact ball 8.
  • the discharged flue gas undergoes a sufficient gas-liquid absorption reaction with the reducing agent through the serpentine channel formed between the disc 9 and the annular disc 10.
  • the divalent mercury ions in the flue gas are reduced to mercury vapor by the reducing agent.
  • the reduced flue gas enters the mercury analyzer 6 to detect the volume V2 and concentration C1 of the mercury vapor in the flue gas.
  • the flue gas discharged from the mercury analyzer 6 enters the purification treatment device and is discharged as exhaust gas after being adsorbed by activated carbon.
  • Step 5 When no bubbles are generated at the impact ball 8, the absorbed chemical solution in the reaction container 1 is fixed to V3, and a small amount of 5% W/V KMnO4 solution is added until pink or purple is obtained, and it is recorded as a mixed solution;
  • Step 6 taking a preset volume of the mixed solution into a first mixing container, and adding a 20% W/V stannous chloride solution into the first mixing container, so that the divalent mercury in the mixed solution is reduced to mercury vapor and precipitated, and using purified compressed air as a carrier to carry out the precipitated mercury vapor at a carrier gas flow rate of 1 L/min;
  • Step 7 Using a mercury analyzer (atomic fluorescence or atomic absorption) to measure the concentration of precipitated mercury is C2;
  • Step 8 Take a 1 mol/L KCl blank solution into a second mixing container, and add a 20% W/V stannous chloride solution into the second mixing container;
  • Step 9 Use a mercury meter to measure the mercury concentration in the 1 mol/L KCl blank solution as C3;
  • Step 10 Calculate the mercury content M in the coal sample 15, where M consists of two parts: the first part is the part absorbed by the KCl solution, and the second part is the mercury vapor content measured by the mercury analyzer 6 and the mercury content in the flue gas not exhausted in the reaction container 1;
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of “plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • installed installed, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium.
  • a first feature being “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • a first feature being “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “examples”, “specific examples”, or “some examples” etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention.
  • the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
  • those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

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Abstract

一种汞检测装置及方法，汞检测装置包括反应容器（1）、燃烧皿（2）、点火丝（3）、还原容器（4）和汞分析仪（6），反应容器（1）包括反应器本体（101）和密封盖（102），密封盖（102）可拆卸地密封盖装在反应器本体（101）的第一敞口上，反应容器（1）上具有氧气进口（103）和第一气体出口（104），燃烧皿（2）设于反应器本体（101）内并与反应容器（1）相连，点火丝（3）的至少一部分设于燃烧皿（2）内，点火丝（3）的两端分别用于与电源的正极和负极电连接，还原容器（4）具有第一气体进口（401）和第二气体出口（402），第一气体进口（401）与第一气体出口（104）连通，第一气体进口（401）与第一气体出口（104）之间设有开闭阀（5），汞分析仪（6）与第二气体出口（402）连通。该汞检测装置具有检测精度高等优点。

Description

汞检测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤中痕量汞的检测分析技术领域，具体涉及一种汞检测装置及方法。
 背景技术
汞是一种有毒的重金属元素，常温下为液态，热稳定性差极易挥发。因为汞的特殊性质，在煤炭利用过程中绝大部分汞会释放出来。煤炭中痕量汞(Hg)含量低，一般低于1ppm，煤炭中痕量汞(Hg)准确检测难度大，煤炭中汞含量的准确检测，可以为进一步控制汞污染提供基础数据。
相关技术中，煤中的痕量汞存在检测精度低等问题。
 发明内容
本发明是基于发明人对以下事实和问题的发现和认识做出的：
我国国家标准汞的检测方法，以五氧化二钒为催化剂，用硝酸-硫酸体系分解煤样，使煤中汞转化为二价汞离子，再将二价汞还原为单质汞蒸气，采用冷原子吸收分光光度计测定汞的含量。但该法具有以下两种问题，首先，在煤样加热处理时一部分元素汞会挥发出来，逃逸至大气；另外，该方法中规定煤样加热温度最高为160℃，这很可能会导致煤样消解不彻底，少部分汞会残留在灰渣中。以上两种问题会导致煤中汞的检测加过出现负偏差。
国际标准中汞的检测方法为，采用冷原子吸收分光光度法分析燃烧后吸收液中汞的含量，折算煤中汞含量，但损失了燃烧皿废气中的汞，这也导致测试结果出现系统负偏差。
发明人基于以上分析可知，相关技术中的煤中痕量汞检测方法存在分析负偏差，检测精度较低等问题。
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的实施例提出一种检测精度高的汞检测装置；本发明的实施例还提出一种检测精度高的汞检测方法。
本发明实施例的汞检测装置包括反应容器、燃烧皿、点火丝、还原容器和汞分析仪，所述反应容器包括反应器本体和密封盖，所述反应器本体具有第一敞口，所述密封盖可拆卸地密封盖装在所述第一敞口上，所述反应容器上具有氧气进口和第一气体出口；所述燃烧皿设于所述反应器本体内并与所述反应容器相连，所述点火丝的至少一部分设于所述燃烧皿内，所述点火丝的两端分别用于与电源的正极和负极电连接；所述还原容器具有第一气体进口和第二气体出口，所述第一气体进口与所述第一气体出口连通，所述第一气体进口与所述第一气体出口之间设有开闭阀；所述汞分析仪与所述第二气体出口连通。
本发明实施例的汞检测装置在使用过程中，将密封盖从第一敞口上拆卸下，将煤样放置在燃烧皿上并与点火丝接触，向反应容器内加入吸收剂，然后将密封盖密封盖装在第一敞口上。向还原容器内加入还原剂，关闭开闭阀，通过氧气进口向反应容器内通入氧气，将点火丝的两端分别与电源的正极和负极电连接，点火丝点燃煤样，以使煤样在富氧工况下可以充分燃烧。
待煤样完全燃烧后，开启开闭阀，反应容器内烟气中未被吸收剂吸收的二价汞离子和汞蒸气流向还原容器内，二价汞离子被还原容器内的还原剂还原为汞蒸气，还原生成汞蒸气和烟气中携带的原有汞蒸气一起进入汞分析仪内，汞分析仪测得烟气中的汞含量。反应容器内吸收剂吸收的二价汞离子利用还原剂将二价汞离子还原成汞蒸气后，经测汞仪测得汞蒸气含量。
煤样中的汞含量包括吸收剂中的汞含量和烟气中的汞含量两部分组成，两者检测值的总和即是煤样中的汞含量。与相关技术相比，本发明实施例的汞检测装置，在保证煤样充分燃烧的情况下，还可以测得煤样燃烧后烟气中的汞蒸气，从而可以大大降低甚至避免煤样因燃烧不充分和燃烧后烟气中的汞蒸气逃逸，而影响汞的检测精度，使得检测精度高。
因此，本发明实施例的检测装置具有检测精度高等优点。
在一些实施中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置还包括连接管和冲击球，所述连接管密封插装在所述第一气体进口上，所述连接管的进口与所述第一气体出口连通，所述连接管的出口位于所述还原容器内，所述开闭阀设于所述连接管上；所述冲击球设于所述连接管的出口端，所述冲击球具有冲击腔室以及与所述冲击腔室连通的多个出气孔，所述冲击腔室与所述连接管的出口连通，多个所述出气孔间隔布置。
在一些实施中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置还包括至少一个圆盘和至少一个环形盘，所述圆盘和所述环形盘沿所述反应容器的高度方向交替间隔设置在所述还原容器内，至少一个所述圆盘和至少一个所述环形盘位于所述冲击球的上方，所述圆盘套装在所述连接管上，所述圆盘的外周面与所述反应容器间隔布置，所述环形盘具有通孔，所述环形盘套设在所述连接管，所述通孔的孔壁与所述连接管间隔设置，所述环形盘的外周面与所述反应容器相连。
在一些实施中，所述通孔的孔径小于所述圆盘的外径。
在一些实施中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置还包括阳极柱和阴极柱，所述阳极柱和所述阴极柱均密封插装在所述密封盖上，所述阳极柱的一端置于所述反应器本体内并与所述点火丝的一端电连接，所述阳极柱的另一端置于所述反应器本体外并用于与电源正极电连接，所述阴极柱的一端置于所述反应器本体内并与所述点火丝的另一端电连接，所述阴极柱的另一端置于所述反应器本体外并用于与电源负极电连接。
在一些实施中，所述燃烧皿与所述阳极柱和所述阴极柱中的至少一者相连。
在一些实施中，所述密封盖上设有安全阀，当所述反应容器内的气体压力大于20MPa时，所述安全阀开启。
在一些实施中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置还包括冷却槽，所述冷却槽内设有冷却介质，所述反应容器设在所述冷却槽内，以便对所述反应容器进行降温。
在一些实施中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置还包括尾气处理装置，所述尾气处理装置与所述汞分析仪的出口端连通。
本发明实施例的汞检测方法，所述汞检测方法基于上述任一实施例中所述汞检测装置，包括：
记录所述反应容器的容积为V1,向所述反应容器内适于加入去离子水配置的吸收剂，向所述还原容器内适于加入去离子水配置的还原剂；
称取质量为m的煤样置于所述燃烧皿中，并使所述点火丝与煤样接触，关闭开闭阀，通过所述氧气进口向所述反应容器内通入氧气；
所述点火丝的两端分别与电源的正极和负极电连接，使所述点火丝点燃所述煤样；
所述煤样完全燃烧后，开启开闭阀，使所述反应容器内的烟气进入所述还原容器内被所述还原剂还原，被还原后的烟气进入汞分析仪内，以检测烟气中汞的体积V2和浓度C1；
将所述反应容器内的吸收后的吸收剂溶液定容至V3,再加入5％W/VKMnO4溶液直到获得粉红色或者紫色为止，并记为混合溶液；
取预设体积的所述混合溶液至第一混合容器内，并向所述第一混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液，以使所述混合溶液中的二价汞被还原为汞蒸气析出；
利用测汞仪测得析出汞的浓度为C2；
取空白还原剂溶液至第二混合容器内，并向所述第二混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液；
利用测汞仪测得空白还原剂溶液中的汞浓度为C3；
计算煤样中的汞含量M，其中M＝[V3(C2-C3)+(V1+V2)C1]/m。
本发明实施例的汞检测方法具有检测精度高等优点。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的汞检测装置的结构示意图。
附图标记：
汞检测装置100；
反应容器1；反应器本体101；密封盖102；氧气进口103；第一气体出口104；
燃烧皿2；
点火丝3；
还原容器4；第一气体进口401；第二气体出口402；
开闭阀5；
汞分析仪6；
连接管7；
冲击球8；
圆盘9；
环形盘10；通孔1001；
阳极柱11；
阴极柱12；
安全阀13；
冷却槽14；
煤样15；
尾气处理装置16。
 具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参照附图来详细描述本申请的技术方案。
如图1所示，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100包括反应容器1、燃烧皿2、点火丝3、还原容器4和汞分析仪6。反应容器1包括反应器本体101和密封盖102，反应器本体101具有第一敞口，密封盖102可拆卸地密封盖装在第一敞口上，反应容器1上具有氧气进口103和第一气体出口104。燃烧皿2设于反应器本体101内并与反应容器1相连，点火丝3的至少一部分设于燃烧皿2内，点火丝3的两端分别用于与电源的正极和负极电连接。还原容器4具有第一气体进口401和第二气体出口402，第一气体进口401与第一气体出口104连通，第一气体进口401与第一气体出口104之间设有开闭阀5，汞分析仪6与第二气体出口402连通。
本发明实施例的汞检测装置100在使用过程中，将密封盖102从第一敞口上拆卸下，将煤样15放置在燃烧皿2上并与点火丝3接触，向反应容器1内加入吸收剂，然后将密封盖102密封盖装在第一敞口上。向还原容器4内加入还原剂，关闭开闭阀5，通过氧气进口103向反应容器1内通入氧气，将点火丝3的两端分别与电源的正极和负极电连接，点火丝3点燃煤样15，以使煤样在富氧工况下可以充分燃烧。
可以理解的是，煤样15燃烧产生的烟气中包括二价汞离子和汞蒸气，反应容器1内盛放的吸收剂吸收烟气中的二价汞离子。待煤样15完全燃烧后，开启开闭阀5，反应容器1内烟气中未被吸收剂吸收的二价汞离子和汞蒸气流向还原容器4内，二价汞离子被还原容器4内的还原剂还原为汞蒸气，还原生成汞蒸气和烟气中携带的原有汞蒸气一起进入汞分析仪6内，汞分析仪6测得烟气中的汞含量。
反应容器1内吸收剂吸收的二价汞离子利用还原剂将二价汞离子还原成汞蒸气后，经测汞仪测得汞蒸气含量。
由此，煤样15中的汞含量包括吸收剂中的汞含量和烟气中的汞含量两部分组成，两者检测值的总和即是煤样2中的汞含量。与相关技术相比，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100，在保证煤样2充分燃烧的情况下，还可以测得煤样15燃烧后烟气中的汞蒸气，从而可以大大降低甚至避免煤样15因燃烧不充分和燃烧后烟气中的汞蒸气逃逸，而影响汞的检测精度，使得检测精度高。
因此，本发明实施例的检测装置具有检测精度高等优点。
可选地，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100还包括密封圈，密封盖102与反应器本体101螺纹连接，密封圈设于密封盖102和反应器本体101之间，通过旋拧密封盖102即可完成密封盖102的拆卸，使得本发明实施例的汞检测装置100结构简单，操作方便。
可选地，燃烧皿2的材质为耐高温石英或惰性合金。
可选地，点火丝3的材质为镍铬合金。
可选地，汞分析仪6上设有温度和压力探头，以监测和反馈温度和压强信号。
可选地，反应容器本体101的材质由合金材料且镀惰性膜制造。
在一些实施例中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100还包括连接管7和冲击球8。连接管7密封插装在第一气体进口401上，连接管7的进口通过快接插头与第一气体出口104连通，连接管7的出口位于还原容器4内，开闭阀5设于连接管7上。冲击球8设于连接管7的出口端，冲击球8具有冲击腔室以及与冲击腔室连通的多个出气孔，冲击腔室与连接管7的出口连通，多个出气孔间隔布置。
如图1所示，冲击球8位于还原瓶的底部，还原容器4内的还原剂的液面位于冲击球8的上方，反应容器1内产生的烟气通过第一气体出口104进入连接管7内，并经连接管7的出口进入冲击腔室内，进入冲击腔室内的烟气经过多个出气孔流出。
本发明实施例的汞检测装置100通过设置冲击球8，并在冲击球8上设置多个出气孔，可以使出气孔沿不同方向喷射出与还原剂充分接触，有利于还原剂将烟气中的二价汞离子的充分还原，避免烟气中的部分二价汞离子因还原不充分而影响到检测精度，从而有利于提高本发明实施例的汞检测装置100的检测精度。
可选地，连接管7为聚四氟乙烯管。
在一些实施例中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100还包括至少一个圆盘9和至少一个环形盘10，圆盘9和环形盘10沿反应容器1的高度方向交替间隔设置在还原容器4内，至少一个圆盘9和至少一个环形盘10位于冲击球8的上方，圆盘9套装在连接管7上，圆盘9的外周面与反应容器1间隔布置，环形盘10具有通孔1001，环形盘10套设在连接管7，通孔1001的孔壁与连接管7间隔设置，环形盘10的外周面与反应容器1相连。
例如，如图1所示，圆盘9具有两个，环形盘10具有一个，圆盘9、环形盘10和圆盘9从下至上依次交替设置，两个圆盘9和环形盘10之间形成蛇形通道，以便增加出气孔中烟气的流动路径，有利于增加烟气与还原剂的接触时间，进一步有利于还原剂将烟气中二价汞离子充分还原，从而进一步有利于提高本发明实施例的汞检测装置100的检测精度。
在一些实施例中，通孔1001的孔径小于圆盘9的外径。
如图1所示，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100通过将通孔1001的孔径设置为小于圆盘9的外径，有利于增加圆盘9和环形盘10之间形成的蛇形通道的路径，从而进一步有利于提高烟气与还原剂的接触时间，进一步有利于提高使得还原剂能够将烟气中二价汞离子充分还原，进一步有利于提高本发明实施例的汞检测装置100的检测精度。
在一些实施例中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100包括阳极柱11和阴极柱12，阳极柱11和阴极柱12均密封插装在密封盖102上，阳极柱11的一端置于反应器本体101内并与点火丝3的一端电连接，阳极柱11的另一端置于反应器本体101外并用于与电源正极电连接，阴极柱12的一端置于反应器本体101内并与点火丝3的另一端电连接，阴极柱12的另一端置于反应器本体101外并用于与电源负极电连接。
由此，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100通过设置阳极柱11和阴极柱12，将外部电源的正、负极与点火丝3的两端进行电连接，从而方便对点火丝3进行加热，使得本发明实施例的汞检测装置100结构简单，操作方便。
可选地，燃烧皿2与阳极柱11和阴极柱12中的至少一者相连。
例如，如图1所示，燃烧皿2与阴极柱12相连。通过将燃烧皿2与阴极柱12相连，当拆卸下密封盖102时，燃烧皿2可以随密封盖102一同从反应器本体101内取出，方便向燃烧皿2中添加煤样15，使得本发明实施例的汞检测装置100操作方便。
在一些实施例中，密封盖102上设有安全阀13，当反应容器1内的气体压力大于20MPa时，安全阀13开启。
如图1所示，本发明实施例的汞检测装置通过设置安全阀13，可以有效避免反应容器1内气体压力过大，造成反应容器1爆炸等安全事故，从而提高本发明实施例的汞检测装置100的安全性。
在一些实施例中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100还包括冷却槽14，冷却槽14内设有冷却介质，反应容器1设在冷却槽14内，以便对反应容器1进行降温。
如图1所示，冷却介质为冷却水，通过冷却介质对反应容器1进行降温，可以避免煤样15燃烧产生的高温影响吸收剂对二价汞离子的吸收效果，进一步有利于提高本发明实施例的汞检测装置100的检测精度。
在一些实施例中，本发明实施例的汞检测装置100还包括尾气处理装置16，尾气处理装置16与汞分析仪6的出口端连通。
如图1所示，尾气处理装置16内装有活性炭吸附剂对汞分析仪6排出的尾气进行吸附，防止尾气中的有害气体排入大气中污染空气，使得本发明实施例的汞检测装置100环保性能好。
本发明实施例的汞检测方法，汞检测方法基于上述任一实施例中汞检测装置100包括：
记录反应容器1的容积为V1,向反应容器1内适于加入去离子水配置的吸收剂，向还原容器4内适于加入去离子水配置的还原剂；
称取质量为m的煤样15置于燃烧皿2中，并使点火丝3与煤样15接触，关闭开闭阀5，通过氧气进口103向反应容器1内通入氧气；
点火丝3的两端分别与电源的正极和负极电连接，使点火丝3点燃煤样15；
煤样15完全燃烧后，开启开闭阀5，使反应容器1内的烟气进入还原容器4内被还原剂还原，被还原后的烟气进入汞分析仪6内，以检测烟气内的烟气中汞的体积V2和浓度C1；
将反应容器1内的吸收后的吸收剂溶液定容至V3,再加入5％W/VKMnO4溶液直到获得粉红色或者紫色为止，并记为混合溶液；
取预设体积的混合溶液至第一混合容器内，并向第一混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液，以使混合溶液中的二价汞被还原为汞蒸气析出；
利用测汞仪测得析出汞的浓度为C2；
取空白还原剂溶液至第二混合容器内，并向第二混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液；
利用测汞仪测得空白还原剂溶液中的汞浓度为C3；
计算煤样15中的汞含量M，其中M＝[V3(C2-C3)+(V1+V2)C1]/m。
具体地，本发明实施例的汞检测方法包括：
步骤1：记录反应容器1的容积为V1,对汞检测装置100进行气密性检查并合格，取下密封盖102，向反应容器1内加入100mL去离子水配置的1mol/L KCl，并将反应容器1放置在冷却槽14内，向还原容器4内适于加入去离子水配置的还原剂，还原剂可以为氯化亚锡、硼氢化钾或硼氢化钠的一种，向尾气处理装置16内填装卤素改性的高效吸附汞的活性碳，启动汞分析仪6；
步骤2：称取质量m＝1.00±0.10g的煤样15置于燃烧皿2中,将煤样15平铺在燃烧皿2的底部，并将点火丝3的下部弧埋入煤样15中与煤样15接触，点火丝3不得接触燃烧皿2的底部，将密封盖102盖装在第一敞口上，关闭开闭阀5，通过氧气进口103向反应容器1内通入纯度99.9％以上的氧气，充氧时反应容器1内氧气在压力2.8MPa-3.0MPa下保持30-60秒；
步骤3：点火丝3的两端分别与电源的正极和负极电连接，使点火丝3点燃煤样15，煤样15在氧气的助燃下燃烧，煤样15中的汞蒸气在高温下挥发出来，烟气中的二价汞离子溶入1mol/L KCl；
步骤4：待煤样15完全燃烧后，开启开闭阀5，使反应容器1内的烟气经连接管7以4L/min的流量进入还原容器4内冲击球8，并通过冲击球8的出气孔排出，排出后的烟气经圆盘9和环形盘10之间形成的蛇形通道与还原剂发生充分的气液相吸收反应，烟气中的二价汞离子被还原剂还原为汞蒸气，被还原后的烟气进入汞分析仪6内，以检测烟气中汞蒸气的体积V2和浓度C1，从汞分析仪6排出的烟气进入净化处理装置内，经活性碳吸附后排出乏气；
步骤5：当冲击球8处无气泡产生时，将反应容器1内的吸收后的化学溶液定容至V3,再加入少量的5％W/VKMnO4溶液直到获得粉红色或者紫色为止，并记为混合溶液；
步骤6：取预设体积的混合溶液至第一混合容器内，并向第一混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液，以使混合溶液中的二价汞被还原为汞蒸气析出，利用净化后的压缩空气作为载体，以载气流量为1L/min携带出析出的汞蒸气；
步骤7：利用测汞仪(原子荧光或原子吸收)测得析出汞的浓度为C2；
步骤8：取1mol/L KCl空白溶液至第二混合容器内，并向第二混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液；
步骤9：利用测汞仪测得1mol/L KCl空白溶液中的汞浓度为C3；
步骤10：计算煤样15中的汞含量M，M由二部分构成，第一部分为KCl溶液吸收的部分，第二部分为汞分析仪6测得汞蒸汽含量和反应容器1内未排尽的烟气中的汞含量；
其中M＝[V3(C2-C3)+(V1+V2)C1]/m。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本发明中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管已经示出和描述了上述实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域普通技术人员对上述实施例进行的变化、修改、替换和变型均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种汞检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    反应容器(1)，所述反应容器(1)包括反应器本体(101)和密封盖(102)，所述反应器本体(101)具有第一敞口，所述密封盖(102)可拆卸地密封盖(102)装在所述第一敞口上，所述反应容器(1)上具有氧气进口(103)和第一气体出口(104)；
    燃烧皿(2)和点火丝(3)，所述燃烧皿(2)设于所述反应器本体(101)内并与所述反应容器(1)相连，所述点火丝(3)的至少一部分设于所述燃烧皿(2)内，所述点火丝(3)的两端分别用于与电源的正极和负极电连接；
    还原容器(4)，所述还原容器(4)具有第一气体进口(401)和第二气体出口(402)，所述第一气体进口(401)与所述第一气体出口(104)连通，所述第一气体进口(401)与所述第一气体出口(104)之间设有开闭阀(5)；以及
    汞分析仪(6)，所述汞分析仪(6)与所述第二气体出口(402)连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    连接管(7)，所述连接管(7)密封插装在所述第一气体进口(401)上，所述连接管(7)的进口与所述第一气体出口(104)连通，所述连接管(7)的出口位于所述还原容器(4)内，所述开闭阀(5)设于所述连接管(7)上；和冲击球(8)，所述冲击球(8)设于所述连接管(7)的出口端，所述冲击球(8)具有冲击腔室以及与所述冲击腔室连通的多个出气孔，所述冲击腔室与所述连接管(7)的出口连通，多个所述出气孔间隔布置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    至少一个圆盘(9)和至少一个环形盘(10)，所述圆盘(9)和所述环形盘(10)沿所述反应容器(1)的高度方向交替间隔设置在所述还原容器(4)内，至少一个所述圆盘(9)和至少一个所述环形盘(10)位于所述冲击球(8)的上方，所述圆盘(9)套装在所述连接管(7)上，所述圆盘(9)的外周面与所述反应容器(1)间隔布置，所述环形盘(10)具有通孔(1001)，所述环形盘(10)套设在所述连接管(7)，所述通孔(1001)的孔壁与所述连接管(7)间隔设置，所述环形盘(10)的外周面与所述反应容器(1)相连。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，所述通孔(1001)的孔径小于所述圆盘(9)的外径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    阳极柱(11)和阴极柱(12)，所述阳极柱(11)和所述阴极柱(12)均密封插装在所述密封盖(102)上，所述阳极柱(11)的一端置于所述反应器本体(101)内并与所述点火丝(3)的一端电连接，所述阳极柱(11)的另一端置于所述反应器本体(101)外并用于与电源正极电连接，所述阴极柱(12)的一端置于所述反应器本体(101)内并与所述点火丝(3)的另一端电连接，所述阴极柱(12)的另一端置于所述反应器本体(101)外并用于与电源负极电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，所述燃烧皿(2)与所述阳极柱(11)和所述阴极柱(12)中的至少一者相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，所述密封盖(102)上设有安全阀(13)，当所述反应容器(1)内的气体压力大于20MPa时，所述安全阀(13)开启。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，还包括冷却槽(14)，所述冷却槽(14)内设有冷却介质，所述反应容器(1)设在所述冷却槽(14)内，以便对所述反应容器(1)进行降温。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的汞检测装置，其特征在于，还包括尾气处理装置(16)，所述尾气处理装置(16)与所述汞分析仪(6)的出口端连通。
  10. 一种汞检测方法，所述汞检测方法基于权利要求1-9中任一项所述汞检测装置，其特征在于，包括：
    记录所述反应容器(1)的容积为V1,向所述反应容器(1)内适于加入去离子水配置的吸收剂，向所述还原容器(4)内适于加入去离子水配置的还原剂；
    称取质量为m的煤样(15)置于所述燃烧皿(2)中，并使所述点火丝(3)与煤样(15)接触，关闭开闭阀(5)，通过所述氧气进口(103)向所述反应容器(1)内通入氧气；
    所述点火丝(3)的两端分别与电源的正极和负极电连接，使所述点火丝(3)点燃所述煤样(15)；
    所述煤样(15)完全燃烧后，开启开闭阀(5)，使所述反应容器(1)内的烟气进入所述还原容器(4)内被所述还原剂还原，被还原后的烟气进入汞分析仪(6)内，以检测烟气中汞的体积V2和浓度C1；
    将所述反应容器(1)内的吸收后的吸收剂溶液定容至V3,再加入5％W/VKMnO4溶液直到获得粉红色或者紫色为止，并记为混合溶液；
    取预设体积的所述混合溶液至第一混合容器内，并向所述第一混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液，以使所述混合溶液中的二价汞被还原为汞蒸气析出；
    利用测汞仪测得析出汞的浓度为C2；
    取空白还原剂溶液至第二混合容器内，并向所述第二混合容器内加入20％W/V氯化亚锡溶液；
    利用测汞仪测得空白还原剂溶液中的汞浓度为C3；
    计算煤样(15)中的汞含量M，其中M＝[V3(C2-C3)+(V1+V2)C1]/m。
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