WO2024070136A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents

非水電解質二次電池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024070136A1
WO2024070136A1 PCT/JP2023/025677 JP2023025677W WO2024070136A1 WO 2024070136 A1 WO2024070136 A1 WO 2024070136A1 JP 2023025677 W JP2023025677 W JP 2023025677W WO 2024070136 A1 WO2024070136 A1 WO 2024070136A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
negative electrode
winding direction
facing portion
composite
electrode
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2023/025677
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祐 石黒
達郎 佐々
克公 松本
裕貴 浅田
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Panasonic Energy Co Ltd
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Panasonic Energy Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2024549767A priority Critical patent/JPWO2024070136A1/ja
Priority to EP23871380.4A priority patent/EP4597679A4/en
Priority to US19/109,271 priority patent/US20260081235A1/en
Priority to CN202380067264.6A priority patent/CN119948667A/zh
Publication of WO2024070136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024070136A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
  • non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries equipped with an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged opposite each other with a separator interposed therebetween have been widely used as high-output, high-energy density secondary batteries.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that includes a wound electrode body wound with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator between them, in which the negative electrode includes a non-facing portion that is wound 1.25 turns or more from the inner end in the winding direction of the wound electrode body in a state where it does not face the positive electrode via the separator, and the non-facing portion has a negative electrode composite layer forming portion on at least one surface, in which the negative electrode composite layer is formed, continuing from the outer end in the winding direction to the inside in the winding direction, and the negative electrode composite layer forming portion is wound 0.75 turns or more.
  • the objective of this disclosure is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can suppress deformation of the electrode plates where the positive and negative electrodes face each other while maintaining the circularity of the winding core of the electrode body.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises an electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode having a negative electrode composite layer formed on a negative electrode core are wound with a separator interposed therebetween, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, the negative electrode has a non-facing portion that does not face the positive electrode via the separator on the inner end side of the electrode body in the winding direction, the non-facing portion has a composite non-facing portion on at least one surface of the negative electrode core in which the negative electrode composite layer is formed from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction, and the average composite surface distance between the composite non-facing portion and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion is 90 ⁇ m or more.
  • This disclosure provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can suppress plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode and negative electrode face each other while maintaining the circularity of the winding core of the electrode body.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an embodiment
  • 2 is a diagram showing a schematic view of a portion of the inner end side in the winding direction of the electrode body in the AA cross section of FIG. 1.
  • 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a negative electrode on the inner end side in the winding direction of the electrode body.
  • FIG. FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a method for evaluating plate deformation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an embodiment.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a wound electrode assembly 14 in which a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12 are wound with a separator 13 interposed therebetween, a nonaqueous electrolyte, insulating plates 18a and 18b respectively disposed above and below the electrode assembly 14, and a battery case 15 which is an exterior body.
  • the battery case 15 is composed of a case body 16 which contains the electrode assembly 14 and the nonaqueous electrolyte, and a sealing body 17 which closes the opening of the case body 16.
  • the battery case 15 is not limited to a cylindrical or rectangular metal case, and may be, for example, a resin case (so-called laminate type) formed by laminating a resin sheet.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte includes, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
  • a non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and mixed solvents of two or more of these are used as the non-aqueous solvent.
  • the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a part of the hydrogen of these solvents is replaced with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
  • a lithium salt such as LiPF6 is used as the electrolyte salt.
  • the case body 16 is, for example, a cylindrical metal container with a bottom.
  • a gasket 27 is provided between the case body 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure airtightness inside the battery.
  • the case body 16 has a protruding portion 21 that supports the sealing body 17, for example, a part of the side surface that protrudes inward.
  • the protruding portion 21 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the case body 16, and supports the sealing body 17 on its upper surface.
  • the sealing body 17 has a structure in which, in order from the electrode body 14 side, a filter 22, a lower valve body 23, an insulating member 24, an upper valve body 25, and a cap 26 are stacked.
  • Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 24 is electrically connected to each other.
  • the lower valve body 23 and the upper valve body 25 are connected to each other at their respective centers, and the insulating member 24 is interposed between each of their peripheral edges.
  • the lower valve body 23 deforms and breaks so as to push the upper valve body 25 toward the cap 26, and the current path between the lower valve body 23 and the upper valve body 25 is interrupted.
  • the upper valve body 25 breaks, and gas is discharged from the opening of the cap 26.
  • the positive electrode lead 19 attached to the positive electrode 11 extends through the through hole in the insulating plate 18a toward the sealing body 17 and is connected by welding or the like to the underside of the filter 22, which is the bottom plate of the sealing body 17.
  • the negative electrode lead 20a connected to the negative electrode 12 at the start of the winding of the electrode body 14, and the negative electrode lead 20b connected to the negative electrode 12 at the end of the winding of the electrode body 14 extend through the insulating plate 18b toward the bottom side of the case body 16 and are connected to the inner bottom surface of the case body 16 by welding or the like. As a result, the case body 16 becomes the negative electrode terminal.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the inner end of the electrode body in the winding direction of the A-A cross section in FIG. 1.
  • the negative electrode 12 is shown with a solid line, the positive electrode 11 with a dashed line, and the separator 13 with a dashed line. Also, in FIG. 2, the gaps between the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 are exaggerated.
  • the electrode body 14 is formed by winding the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 with the separator 13 interposed therebetween.
  • the strip-shaped positive electrode 11, the strip-shaped negative electrode 12, and a pair of strip-shaped separators 13 are stacked in the order of one separator 13, the positive electrode 11, the other separator 13, and the negative electrode 12, and then the stack is wound in a spiral shape to produce the electrode body 14.
  • the longitudinal direction of each electrode is the winding direction
  • the width direction of each electrode is the winding axis direction.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the negative electrode on the inner end side of the winding direction of the electrode body.
  • the negative electrode 12 has, for example, a negative electrode core body 30 and a negative electrode composite layer 32 formed on the negative electrode core body 30.
  • the negative electrode composite layer 32 shown in FIG. 3 is formed, for example, on both sides of the negative electrode core body 30, and has a negative electrode composite layer 32a formed on the inner circumferential surface 30a of the negative electrode core body 30 facing the radial inside of the electrode body 14, and a negative electrode composite layer 32b formed on the outer circumferential surface 30b of the negative electrode core body 30 facing the radial outside of the electrode body 14.
  • the negative electrode 12 has a non-facing portion 12a that does not face the positive electrode 11 via the separator 13 on the inner end side in the winding direction, which is the winding start side of the electrode body 14.
  • the negative electrode 12 is wound following the non-facing portion 12a and has a facing portion 12b that faces the positive electrode 11 via the separator 13.
  • the non-facing portion 12a has a composite non-facing portion 12c and a core non-facing portion 12d arranged inward in the winding direction from the composite non-facing portion 12c.
  • the composite non-facing portion 12c (and the facing portion 12b) is indicated by a thick solid line
  • the core non-facing portion 12d is indicated by a thin solid line.
  • the composite non-facing portion 12c is a portion on at least one surface of the negative electrode core (at least one of the inner circumferential surface 30a and the outer circumferential surface 30b of the negative electrode core 30) where a negative electrode composite layer is formed from the outer end (point E3) of the non-facing portion 12a in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction, and in the figure, it is the portion from point E3 to point E2 along the winding direction.
  • the outer end (point E3) of the non-facing portion 12a in the winding direction is the facing portion on the inner side of the winding of the starting end (point D1) of the positive electrode 11 in the winding direction.
  • the core non-facing portion 12d is a portion from the inner end (point E1) of the non-facing portion 12a in the winding direction toward the outer side in the winding direction where the negative electrode composite layer is not formed on either side of the negative electrode core, and in the figure, it is the portion from point E1 to point E2 in the winding direction.
  • the average value of the negative electrode surface distance between the composite non-facing portion 12c and the negative electrode 12e located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion 12c is 90 ⁇ m or more.
  • the negative electrode 12e located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion 12c is the portion from point E4 in the figure to point E5 along the winding direction.
  • Point E4 is a point one circumference away from point E2 at the inner end of the composite non-facing portion 12c in the winding direction
  • point E5 is a point one circumference away from point E3 at the outer end of the composite non-facing portion 12c in the winding direction.
  • the average value of the negative electrode surface distance is the average value of the shortest straight line distance from multiple points (at least 100 points are specified at equal intervals) on the outer peripheral negative electrode surface of the composite non-facing portion 12c to the inner peripheral negative electrode surface of the negative electrode 12e on the outer side of the winding.
  • the shortest straight-line distance is the distance from the outer peripheral surface 30b of the negative electrode core 30, which corresponds to the outer peripheral negative electrode surface at point E2, to the surface of the negative electrode composite layer 32a, which corresponds to the inner peripheral negative electrode surface at point E4.
  • the shortest straight-line distance is the distance from the surface of the negative electrode composite layer 32b, which corresponds to the outer peripheral negative electrode surface at point E3, to the surface of the negative electrode composite layer 32a, which corresponds to the inner peripheral negative electrode surface at point E5.
  • the distance between the negative electrode surfaces can be calculated by measuring the distance between the negative electrode cores by observing the cross section of the electrode body using an X-ray CT device (Shimadzu Corporation, SMX-225CT FPD HR), disassembling the battery after the measurement, measuring the thickness of the electrodes, and subtracting the thickness of the negative electrode composite layer from the measured distance between the negative electrode cores.
  • the negative electrode 12 of this embodiment has a composite non-facing portion 12c, and the average value of the negative electrode surface distance between the composite non-facing portion 12c and the negative electrode 12e located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion 12c is set to 90 ⁇ m or more, so that the circularity of the winding core portion located at the center of the electrode body 14 can be maintained.
  • the electrode body 14 expands with the charge/discharge cycle, stress is locally applied to the center side of the electrode body 14.
  • the average value of the negative electrode surface distance between the composite non-facing portion 12c and the negative electrode 12e located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion 12c is set to 90 ⁇ m or more, for example, a large space can be secured between the non-facing portion 12a and the negative electrode 12e, so that the stress applied to the center side of the electrode body 14 is alleviated, or even if stress is applied, friction between the non-facing portion 12a and the negative electrode 12 on the winding outside of the non-facing portion 12a is reduced, so that the electrode plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 face each other can be suppressed.
  • the average value of the negative electrode surface distance between the composite non-facing portion 12c and the negative electrode 12e located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion 12c may be 90 ⁇ m or more in terms of maintaining the circularity of the winding core portion and suppressing plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 face each other, but is preferably 110 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 130 ⁇ m or more. There is no particular upper limit to the average value of the negative electrode surface distance, but from the viewpoint of designing the electrode body 14, it may be 300 ⁇ m or less.
  • the negative electrode surface distance can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the winding speed, acceleration, etc. when forming the electrode body 14.
  • the composite non-facing portion 12c is preferably wound from the outer end of the winding direction of the non-facing portion 12a toward the inside of the winding direction in a range of 0.4 to 0.8 turns. If the number of turns of the composite non-facing portion 12c is less than 0.4 turns, the circularity of the winding core may decrease compared to when it is 0.4 turns or more, and if it is more than 0.8 turns, the effect of suppressing plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode 11 and negative electrode 12 face each other may decrease compared to when it is 0.8 turns or less.
  • the length (A) in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer 32a formed on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the negative electrode core 30 facing the radially inward direction of the electrode body 14 is preferably 0.3 or more revolutions along the winding direction of the composite non-facing portion 12c
  • the length (B) in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer 32b formed on the outer peripheral surface 30b of the negative electrode core 30 facing the radially outward direction of the electrode body 14 is preferably 2/3 or less of the length (A) in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer 32a formed on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the negative electrode core 30.
  • the circularity of the winding core portion located at the center of the electrode body 14 may be better maintained compared to when the above range is not satisfied.
  • the electrode body 14 expands with the charge/discharge cycle, even if stress is applied to the center side of the electrode body 14, friction between the non-facing portion 12a and the negative electrode 12e on the winding outer side of the non-facing portion 12a is reduced, and the electrode plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 face each other may be further suppressed.
  • the negative electrode composite layer 32 may be formed only on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the negative electrode core 30 facing the radial inside of the electrode body 14, and may not be formed on the outer peripheral surface 30b of the negative electrode core 30 facing the radial outside of the electrode body 14. Even with this configuration, the circularity of the winding core portion may be maintained, and the electrode plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 face each other may be further suppressed.
  • the negative electrode composite layer 32 is not limited to being formed on both sides of the negative electrode core 30 in the non-facing portion 12a and the facing portion 12b, but may be formed on only one side of the negative electrode core 30 in the non-facing portion 12a and the facing portion 12b.
  • the length (A) in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer 32a formed on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the negative electrode core 30 is preferably 0.7 to 1.0 turns along the winding direction of the composite non-facing portion 12c.
  • the length (B) in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer 32b formed on the outer peripheral surface 30b of the negative electrode core 30 is preferably 0.3 to 0.6 turns along the winding direction of the composite non-facing portion 12c.
  • the electrode plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 face each other may be more suppressed than when the above range is not satisfied.
  • the non-facing portion 12a preferably has a core material non-facing portion 12d.
  • the core material non-facing portion 12d is preferably wound 0.5 turns or more from the inner end (point E2) of the composite material non-facing portion 12c in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction, for example, in order to ensure the installation space of the negative electrode lead.
  • the negative electrode lead 20a shown in FIG. 1 is preferably connected to the negative electrode core 30 of the core material non-facing portion 12d provided in the non-facing portion 12a by welding or the like. That is, the negative electrode lead 20a is preferably connected to the negative electrode core 30 on the inner end side of the winding direction of the electrode body 14.
  • the negative electrode core 30 constituting the negative electrode 12 can be made of a foil of a metal that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode, such as copper or a copper alloy, or a film with such a metal disposed on the surface.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode core 30 is, for example, in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode composite layer 32 constituting the negative electrode 12 contains, for example, a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode composite layer 32 is, for example, in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the negative electrode 12 can be produced, for example, by applying a negative electrode composite slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc., onto the negative electrode core, drying the coating, and then rolling to form the negative electrode composite layer 32 on the negative electrode core 30.
  • the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode composite layer 32 is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly absorb and release lithium ions, and examples of such materials include carbon materials and Si-based materials. From the viewpoint of increasing the capacity of the battery, it is preferable that the negative electrode active material contains a Si-based material.
  • the carbon material may be, for example, a conventionally known carbon material used as a negative electrode active material, such as natural graphite, including flake graphite, lump graphite, and earthy graphite, and artificial graphite, including lump artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
  • natural graphite including flake graphite, lump graphite, and earthy graphite
  • artificial graphite including lump artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
  • MAG lump artificial graphite
  • MCMB graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads
  • the Si-based material includes, for example, a lithium ion conductive phase and Si particles dispersed within the lithium ion conductive phase.
  • the lithium ion conductive phase includes, for example, at least one of a silicon oxide phase, a silicate phase, and a carbon phase.
  • the silicate phase preferably contains at least one element selected from the group 2 elements of the periodic table, which includes the alkali metal elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, and the elements of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, from the viewpoint of high lithium ion conductivity, for example.
  • the silicate phase containing lithium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as lithium silicate phase) is preferable from the viewpoint of high lithium ion conductivity, etc.
  • the Si-based material having Si particles dispersed in a silicon oxide phase is represented, for example, by the general formula SiO x (preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6).
  • the Si-based material having Si particles dispersed in a carbon phase is represented, for example, by the general formula Si x C y (preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1).
  • the surface of the Si-based material may be formed with a conductive layer coated with conductive carbon.
  • the conductive layer may be formed, for example, by a CVD method using acetylene, methane, etc., or by a method in which coal pitch, petroleum pitch, phenolic resin, etc. is mixed with a silicon-based active material and heat-treated. Examples of heat-treatment equipment that can be used for the heat treatment include a hot air oven, a hot press, a lamp, a sheath heater, a ceramic heater, and a rotary kiln.
  • the conductive layer may also be formed by adhering a conductive filler such as carbon black to the particle surface of the Si-based material using a binder.
  • the content of the Si-based material is, for example, 5 mass% or more relative to the total mass of the negative electrode composite layer 32.
  • negative electrode active materials that can reversibly store and release lithium ions include Sn, alloys containing Sn, Sn-based materials such as tin oxide, and Ti-based materials such as lithium titanate.
  • binders include fluorine-based resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or its salts, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or its salts, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
  • fluorine-based resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or its salts, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or its salts, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
  • the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode core and a positive electrode composite layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode core.
  • the positive electrode composite layer is preferably formed on both sides of the positive electrode core.
  • a foil of a metal such as aluminum that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, or a film with the metal disposed on the surface layer can be used.
  • the positive electrode composite layer contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, etc.
  • the positive electrode 11 can be produced, for example, by applying a positive electrode composite slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, etc., onto the positive electrode core, drying the coating, and then rolling to form a positive electrode composite layer on both sides of the positive electrode core.
  • the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer can be, for example, a lithium transition metal oxide containing a transition metal element such as Co, Mn, or Ni.
  • lithium transition metal oxides include LixCoO2 , LixNiO2 , LixMnO2 , LixCoyNi1 - yO2 , LixCoyM1 - yOz , LixNi1 - yMyOz , LixMn2O4, LixMn2 -yMyO4, LiMPO4, and Li2MPO4F (M; at least one of Na, Mg, Sc , Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn , Al , Cr , Pb, Sb, and B; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2 , 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.9, 2.0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2.3).
  • the positive electrode active material preferably contains a lithium nickel composite oxide such as Li x NiO 2 , Li x Co y Ni 1-y O 2 , or Li x Ni 1-y M y O z (M: at least one of Na, Mg, Sc, Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb, and B, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.9, and 2.0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2.3).
  • Inorganic particles such as tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, and lanthanoid-containing compounds may be fixed to the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide particles.
  • Examples of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon materials such as carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, and graphite.
  • Examples of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include the same as those in the negative electrode 12.
  • a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating properties is used for the separator 13.
  • porous sheets include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a nonwoven fabric.
  • Suitable materials for the separator include olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and cellulose.
  • the separator 13 may be a laminate having a cellulose fiber layer and a thermoplastic resin fiber layer such as an olefin resin.
  • the separator 13 may be a multilayer separator including a polyethylene layer and a polypropylene layer, and a material such as an aramid resin or ceramic may be applied to the surface of the separator 13.
  • Example 1 [Preparation of Positive Electrode] 100 parts by mass of LiNi 0.88 Co 0.09 Al 0.03 O 2 , 1 part by mass of acetylene black (AB), and 0.9 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were mixed, and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was added to prepare a positive electrode composite slurry. Next, the positive electrode composite slurry was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and the coating film was dried. Then, the coating film was rolled using a roller, and then cut to a predetermined electrode size, and a positive electrode in which a positive electrode composite layer was formed on both sides of the positive electrode core was produced. An exposed portion in which the positive electrode composite layer was not formed and the positive electrode core was exposed was provided in the longitudinal center of the positive electrode, and an aluminum positive electrode lead was welded to the exposed portion.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • a negative electrode composite slurry 92 parts by mass of graphite powder, 6 parts by mass of Si-based material, 1 part by mass of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), and 1 part by mass of a dispersion of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were mixed, and an appropriate amount of water was added to prepare a negative electrode composite slurry.
  • the negative electrode composite slurry was applied to both sides of a copper foil having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, and the coating film was dried. Then, the coating film was rolled using a roller, and then cut to a predetermined electrode size, and a negative electrode in which a negative electrode composite layer was formed on both sides of the negative electrode core was produced.
  • a negative electrode core exposed portion in which a negative electrode composite layer was not formed and the negative electrode core was exposed was provided, and a nickel negative electrode lead was welded to each negative electrode core exposed portion.
  • a wound electrode body was prepared by spirally winding the positive and negative electrodes with a separator interposed therebetween.
  • the number of windings of the electrode body was 18 times with the positive electrode as a reference.
  • the non-facing part of the negative electrode was wound 1.25 times from the outer end of the non-facing part in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction.
  • the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing part of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing part of the composite was 90 ⁇ m.
  • the method of calculating the core-body distance of the non-facing part of the negative electrode was as described above.
  • the length (A) in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the negative electrode core facing the radially inward direction of the electrode body was set to be the same as the length (B) in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the negative electrode core facing the radially outward direction of the electrode body.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by adding 5 parts by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) to 100 parts by mass of a mixed solvent prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a volume ratio of 3:7, and dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) in the solvent at a concentration of 1.5 mol/L.
  • VC vinylene carbonate
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • the electrode body was housed in a case body with insulating plates disposed above and below the electrode body.
  • the negative electrode lead was welded to the bottom of the case body, and the positive electrode lead was welded to a sealing member.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte was poured into the case body, the opening of the case body was sealed with a sealing member via a gasket, and the battery was left to stand in a thermostatic chamber at 60° C. for 15 hours to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
  • Example 2 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 110 ⁇ m.
  • Example 3 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 130 ⁇ m.
  • Example 4 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-facing portion of the negative electrode composite was wound 0.75 turns from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction.
  • Example 5 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 110 ⁇ m, and the non-facing portion of the negative electrode was wound 0.75 times around the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction.
  • Example 6 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 110 ⁇ m, and the non-facing portion of the negative electrode was wound 0.40 turns from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction.
  • Example 7 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 110 ⁇ m, and the non-facing portion of the negative electrode was wound 0.30 turns from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction.
  • Example 8 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the composite non-facing portion, the ratio (B/A) of the length in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the negative electrode core facing radially inward of the electrode body to the length in the winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the negative electrode core facing radially outward of the electrode body (A) was set to 0.67.
  • Example 9 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the negative electrode composite non-facing portion was wound 0.75 turns from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction, and the ratio (B/A) of the winding direction length (A) of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the negative electrode core facing radially inward of the electrode body to the winding direction length (B) of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the negative electrode core facing radially outward of the electrode body was set to 0.67.
  • Example 10 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion was set to 110 ⁇ m, the non-facing portion of the negative electrode was wound 0.75 times from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction, and the ratio (B/A) of the winding direction length (A) of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the inner surface of the negative electrode core facing radially inward of the electrode body to the winding direction length (B) of the negative electrode composite layer formed on the outer surface of the negative electrode core facing radially outward of the electrode body was set to 0.67.
  • Example 1 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the Si-based material added was changed from 6 parts by mass to 4 parts by mass, and the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 60 ⁇ m.
  • Example 2 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 60 ⁇ m.
  • Example 3 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 60 ⁇ m, and the non-facing portion of the negative electrode was wound 0.75 circumferences from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction.
  • Example 4 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average value of the composite surface distance between the non-facing portion of the negative electrode and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the non-facing portion of the composite was set to 60 ⁇ m, and the non-facing portion of the negative electrode was wound 0.75 circumferences from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of each Example and Comparative Example were charged at a constant current of 0.3 It until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V, and then charged at a constant voltage of 4.2 V until the current reached 0.02 It. Then, discharge was performed at a constant current of 1.0 It until the battery voltage reached 2.7 V. This charge and discharge was considered as one cycle, and 500 cycles were performed with a 20-minute rest period between each cycle.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery after 500 cycles was charged at a constant current of 0.3 It until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V, and then charged at a constant voltage of 4.2 V until the current reached 0.02 It to enter a charged state.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in this charged state was observed in cross section near the center of winding of the electrode body using an X-ray CT device (Shimadzu Corporation, SMX-225CT FPD HR). Then, when deformation (bending) of the electrode plate (at least one of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12) was confirmed at the location where the positive electrode and the negative electrode faced each other such that the angle ⁇ was 150° or less as shown in Fig. 4, it was determined that the electrode plate had been deformed, and the presence or absence of the electrode plate deformation was evaluated. The number of batteries evaluated was 20.
  • the evaluation results of the circularity of the winding core of the electrode body and the deformation of the electrode plate in each example and each comparative example are summarized in Table 1.
  • the evaluation results of the circularity of the winding core of the electrode body are shown in relative terms with the circularity of the winding core of the electrode body in Comparative Example 1 set as the standard (100%) and the other examples and comparative examples shown.
  • Comparative Example 1 the winding core of the electrode body had a high circularity, but the occurrence rate of plate deformation was 8/20, which was a high rate.
  • the circularity of the winding core was 85% or more based on Comparative Example 1, so it can be said that a high circularity was maintained.
  • the occurrence rate of plate deformation was 3/20 or less, which was a very low rate. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 can be said to maintain a high circularity like the Examples, but the occurrence rate of plate deformation was 8/20 or more.
  • the negative electrode has a non-facing portion on the inner end side in the winding direction of the electrode body that does not face the positive electrode via the separator, and the non-facing portion has a composite non-facing portion on at least one surface of the negative electrode core body in which the negative electrode composite layer is formed from the outer end of the non-facing portion in the winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction, and the average composite surface distance between the composite non-facing portion and the negative electrode located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion is 90 ⁇ m or more, making it possible to suppress plate deformation at the location where the positive electrode and negative electrode face each other while maintaining the circularity of the winding core of the electrode body.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode in which a negative electrode mixture layer is formed on a negative electrode core are wound with a separator interposed therebetween, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, the negative electrode has a non-facing portion that does not face the positive electrode via the separator, on an inner end side in the winding direction of the electrode body, the non-facing portion has a composite non-facing portion on at least one surface of the negative electrode core, in which the negative electrode composite layer is formed from an outer end of the non-facing portion in a winding direction toward the inside in the winding direction, and an average value of a composite surface distance between the composite non-facing portion and a negative electrode located one circumference outside the composite non-facing portion is 90 ⁇ m or more.
  • a length in a winding direction of the negative electrode composite layer formed on an inner circumferential surface of the negative electrode core body facing radially inward of the electrode body is a length of 0.3 turns or more along the winding direction of the non-opposing composite portion
  • the negative electrode mixture layer contains a Si-based material
  • nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 positive electrode, 12, 12e negative electrode, 12a non-opposing portion, 12b opposing portion, 12c composite non-opposing portion, 12d core non-opposing portion, 13 separator, 14 electrode body, 15 battery case, 16 case body, 17 sealing body, 18a, 18b insulating plate, 19 positive electrode lead, 20a, 20b negative electrode lead, 21 protruding portion, 22 filter, 23 lower valve body, 24 insulating member, 25 upper valve body, 26 cap, 27 gasket, 30 negative electrode core body, 30a inner peripheral surface, 30b outer peripheral surface, 32, 32a, 32b negative electrode composite layer.

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PCT/JP2023/025677 2022-09-30 2023-07-12 非水電解質二次電池 Ceased WO2024070136A1 (ja)

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