WO2024066705A9 - 散热系统及功率设备 - Google Patents
散热系统及功率设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024066705A9 WO2024066705A9 PCT/CN2023/109189 CN2023109189W WO2024066705A9 WO 2024066705 A9 WO2024066705 A9 WO 2024066705A9 CN 2023109189 W CN2023109189 W CN 2023109189W WO 2024066705 A9 WO2024066705 A9 WO 2024066705A9
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- Prior art keywords
- heat dissipation
- condenser
- cavity
- refrigerant
- dissipation system
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2029—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20318—Condensers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2029—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20309—Evaporators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2029—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20327—Accessories for moving fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
- H05K7/20936—Liquid coolant with phase change
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of heat dissipation technology, and in particular to a heat dissipation system and a power device.
- high-power semiconductor devices are increasingly widely used in the power electronics industry. As the computing power of high-power semiconductor devices continues to increase, their power consumption also increases significantly. Therefore, high-power semiconductor devices generate more and more heat, and the heat flux density is also increasing, which poses a higher challenge to the heat dissipation of high-power semiconductor devices.
- the present application provides a heat dissipation system and a power device to improve the heat dissipation capability of a power module, thereby improving the product performance of the power device to which the heat dissipation system is applied.
- the present application provides a heat dissipation system, which may include a power module and a condenser.
- the power module includes a base and a power device, the base has a first cavity, and the first cavity is filled with a refrigerant, the refrigerant can be vaporized into steam when heated, and the steam can be condensed into a liquid refrigerant when cooled.
- the power device can be arranged on the first surface of the base, and the power device is in thermal contact with the first surface.
- the condenser is connected to the first cavity, which can be used to condense the gaseous refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant.
- heat can be conducted from the power device to the first surface of the base, and then to the liquid refrigerant in the first cavity of the base.
- the liquid refrigerant is vaporized by heat to form steam, which enters the condenser and condenses into liquid and then flows back to the first cavity.
- the use of the phase change heat of the refrigerant can effectively reduce the thermal resistance from the power module to the air, thereby effectively improving the heat dissipation capacity of the power module.
- the refrigerant in the first cavity is condensed into liquid in the condenser and then flows back to the first cavity by gravity.
- the refrigerant in the first cavity can be vaporized and then enter the condenser, and the refrigerant condensed into liquid by the condenser can flow back to the first cavity under the action of gravity, thereby achieving efficient circulation of the refrigerant between the base and the condenser.
- the placement of the heat dissipation system is not limited, and it can be placed according to the specific application scenario.
- the heat dissipation system can be placed along the direction of gravity.
- the direction of gravity can be defined by the top to bottom direction when the device to which the heat dissipation system is applied is placed in a normal use state in accordance with the customary manner in this field.
- the direction of gravity of the photovoltaic inverter can be understood as the top to bottom direction of the photovoltaic inverter when the photovoltaic inverter is in normal use.
- the heat dissipation system is placed along the top to bottom direction of the photovoltaic inverter.
- the condenser when the heat dissipation system is placed along the direction of gravity, the condenser can be located above the base. Based on this, when the base is placed, in a possible implementation, the thickness direction of the base can be perpendicular to the direction of gravity.
- the thickness direction of the thermal conductive substrate can also be made perpendicular to the first surface, and then the first surface is parallel to the gravity direction.
- the base may be provided with a flow nozzle, which is connected to the first cavity.
- the flow nozzle may be provided on the second surface of the base, and the second surface is arranged opposite to the first surface, which is conducive to simplifying the structure of the base.
- the condenser may be connected to the first cavity through the flow nozzle, so that the connection between the condenser and the base is relatively simple.
- the body flow path is distinguished from the liquid flow path, and the base can be provided with at least two flow nozzles. In this way, at least one flow nozzle can be connected to the condenser through the first liquid flow pipe, and at least one flow nozzle can be connected to the condenser through the first gas flow pipe.
- the heat dissipation system may further include an evaporator having a second cavity filled with a refrigerant.
- the condenser and the first cavity may be connected through the second cavity.
- the second cavity and the first cavity may be connected through a flow nozzle, and the second cavity is connected to the condenser.
- the refrigerant in the second cavity can be replenished to the first cavity in a timely manner, so that the area of the base for arranging the power device can always be in contact with the refrigerant, which is conducive to improving the heat exchange efficiency between the power device and the refrigerant, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity of the power module.
- the evaporator When connecting the flow nozzle to the evaporator, the evaporator may be provided with a through hole, and the flow nozzle may be connected to the through hole in a one-to-one correspondence.
- the flow nozzle may be directly inserted into the through hole, and the flow nozzle may be fixed to the evaporator, and the fixing method may be but not limited to welding or bonding. This simplifies the connection method between the flow nozzle and the evaporator, and makes the structure of the heat dissipation system more compact.
- a sealing ring can be further provided between the flow nozzle and the through hole.
- the sealing ring is sleeved on the flow nozzle, and the side wall of the through hole can squeeze the sealing ring so that the sealing ring fills the gap between the flow nozzle and the through hole.
- the flow nozzle and the through hole can be connected through a pipe.
- the base can be provided with at least two flow nozzles, at least one flow nozzle is connected to the corresponding through hole through a second liquid flow pipe, and at least one flow nozzle is connected to the corresponding through hole through a second gas flow pipe.
- the evaporator and the condenser can also be connected by a pipeline.
- the evaporator and the condenser can be connected by at least one first liquid flow pipeline and at least one first gas flow pipeline to distinguish the gas flow path and the liquid flow path of the refrigerant circulating between the evaporator and the condenser.
- the refrigerant in the second cavity is condensed into liquid in the condenser and then flows back to the second cavity by gravity.
- the refrigerant in the second cavity can be vaporized and enter the condenser, and the refrigerant condensed into liquid by the condenser flows back to the second cavity under the action of gravity, thereby achieving efficient circulation of the refrigerant between the evaporator and the condenser.
- the placement of the heat dissipation system is not limited, and it can be placed according to the specific application scenario.
- the heat dissipation system can be placed along the direction of gravity.
- the direction of gravity can be defined by the top to bottom direction when the device to which the heat dissipation system is applied is placed in a normal use state in accordance with the customary manner in this field.
- the direction of gravity of the photovoltaic inverter can be understood as the top to bottom direction of the photovoltaic inverter when the photovoltaic inverter is in normal use.
- the heat dissipation system is placed along the top to bottom direction of the photovoltaic inverter.
- the condenser when the heat dissipation system is placed along the gravity direction, the condenser can be located above the evaporator. Based on this, when the base is placed, in a possible implementation, the thickness direction of the base can be perpendicular to the gravity direction.
- the thickness direction of the thermal conductive substrate can also be made perpendicular to the first surface, and then the first surface is parallel to the gravity direction.
- the first cavity of each power module can be connected to the respective second cavities of at least two evaporators, and at least one evaporator is connected to the condenser through a first liquid circulation pipeline, and at least one evaporator is connected to the condenser through a first gas circulation pipeline.
- the refrigerant can circulate between the power module, at least one evaporator connected to the condenser through the first liquid circulation pipeline, at least one evaporator connected to the condenser through the first gas circulation pipeline, and the condenser.
- the liquid refrigerant in the first cavity evaporates into a gaseous state
- it can enter the condenser after passing through the second cavity of at least one evaporator connected to the condenser through the first gas circulation pipeline; and the refrigerant condensed into a liquid state by the condenser can flow back to the second cavity of at least one evaporator connected to the condenser through the first liquid circulation pipeline, and the refrigerant in each second cavity can realize the replenishment of the refrigerant in the first cavity. Therefore, by connecting each power module to at least two evaporators, the refrigerant in the first cavity can be replenished in time, which can be beneficial to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the power module.
- At least one evaporator can be connected to the condenser through at least one liquid circulation pipeline and at least one gas circulation pipeline.
- the refrigerant can circulate between the power module, at least one evaporator connected to the condenser through at least one liquid circulation pipeline and at least one gas circulation pipeline, and the condenser.
- at least one of the circulation paths of the refrigerant is composed of a power module, an evaporator and a condenser.
- each power module When each power module is specifically connected to at least two evaporators, each power module may be provided with at least two flow nozzles. In this way, each flow nozzle can be connected to at least one evaporator. Exemplarily, one flow nozzle can be connected to two evaporators; or, when the number of evaporators and flow nozzles is the same, the flow nozzles can be connected to the evaporators one by one. In addition, when each flow nozzle is connected to at least one evaporator, two flow nozzles can be connected to one evaporator.
- two flow nozzles can be connected to the evaporator to form a refrigerant circulation path between the power module and an evaporator and the condenser. They should all be understood to fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
- each evaporator can also be connected to at least two power modules, which is conducive to the integrated design of the heat dissipation system.
- the base may also be provided with a heat dissipation enhancement structure.
- the base also has a first inner side surface, which is arranged opposite to the first surface, and at least a portion of the first inner side surface is immersed in the refrigerant.
- the first inner side surface may be provided with a heat dissipation enhancement structure, which is provided in the heat dissipation enhancement region of the first inner side surface, and the heat dissipation enhancement structure may be used to increase the area of the first inner side surface immersed in the refrigerant.
- the heat dissipation enhancement structure may be used to increase the area of the first inner side surface immersed in the refrigerant.
- the specific setting form of the heat dissipation enhancement structure is not limited. It can be exemplarily a groove or protrusion located on the second surface, or a fin or capillary structure, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the area of the heat-conducting substrate immersed in the refrigerant.
- the present application further provides a power device, which may include a chassis and the heat dissipation system of the first aspect, wherein the evaporator may be located inside or outside the chassis, and the condenser may be located outside the chassis.
- the specific type of the power device is not limited, and it may be, but is not limited to, photovoltaic power generation equipment such as photovoltaic inverters.
- the power device has a strong heat dissipation capacity, thereby improving the product performance of the power device and enhancing the product competitiveness of the power device.
- FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIGS. 2a to 2g are schematic structural diagrams of several first inner side surfaces provided in embodiments of the present application.
- FIG3 is a perspective view of the power module shown in FIG1 ;
- FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of the power module shown in FIG3 ;
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG7 is a cross-sectional view of the connection position of the power module and the evaporator shown in FIG6;
- FIG. 8a to 8c are schematic diagrams of the heat dissipation principle of the heat dissipation system shown in FIG6;
- FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the heat dissipation system provided in the present application can be but is not limited to being used in power equipment such as photovoltaic inverters.
- power equipment such as photovoltaic inverters.
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistors
- Good heat dissipation measures will help improve its maximum current output capability, thereby improving the performance of photovoltaic inverters and improving the competitiveness of products.
- heat dissipation enhancement of high-power semiconductor devices there is currently a wide range of research on heat dissipation enhancement of high-power semiconductor devices.
- air cooling natural cooling and liquid cooling, which are selected according to the actual application scenario.
- photovoltaic inverters are mainly used in outdoor scenarios, and air cooling is its main form of heat dissipation.
- high-power semiconductor devices are generally attached to the surface of the air-cooled radiator through thermal grease for heat dissipation.
- the present application provides a heat dissipation system and power equipment, which can remove the silicone grease layer of the thermal resistance chain by directly contacting the heat dissipation surface of the power module with the refrigerant, and at the same time use efficient phase change heat to reduce the thermal resistance from the module to the air, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity of the power module, which is conducive to improving the product performance of the power equipment using the heat dissipation system and improving the product competitiveness.
- the heat dissipation system may include a power module, referring to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power module 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the power module 1 includes a power device 101 and a base 102.
- the power device 101 may be, but is not limited to, a chip or a database controller (DBC), etc.
- the power device 101 may be arranged on a first surface 1021 of the base 102, and the power device 101 is in thermal contact with the first surface 1021 of the base 102.
- the number of power devices 101 arranged on each base 102 may be one or more, which may be arranged according to the specific application scenario of the power module 1.
- the material of the base 102 is not limited, and it can be exemplarily a metal with good thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum. In some possible embodiments, the material of the base 102 may also be a non-metal with good thermal conductivity.
- the base 102 has a first cavity (not shown in FIG. 1), and the first cavity is filled with a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is a vapor-liquid two-phase refrigerant, that is, when the temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature threshold, the refrigerant is liquid; and when the temperature is higher than the first temperature threshold, the refrigerant boils and changes into vapor.
- the specific type of refrigerant is not limited, and it can be exemplarily tetrafluoroethane (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and the like. It can be understood that the first temperature threshold is affected by the type of refrigerant, which can be, for example, 20°C or 25°C.
- the projection of the power device 101 on the base 102 can be made to fall completely within the contour range of the first surface 1021, thereby effectively increasing the contact area between the power device 101 and the first surface 1021, which is beneficial to improving the heat exchange efficiency between the power device 101 and the refrigerant in the base 102, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the power module 1.
- a heat dissipation enhancement structure can also be provided on the base 102, and the heat dissipation enhancement structure can be exemplarily provided on the first inner side surface 1023 of the base 102, and the first inner side surface 1023 is provided opposite to the first surface 1021, and at least part of the first inner side surface 1023 is immersed in the refrigerant.
- FIG. 2a is a structural schematic diagram of the first inner side surface 1023 of the base 102 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the heat dissipation enhancement structure can be a fin 1024 formed on the first inner side surface 1023, and the fin 1024 can play a role in increasing the area of the first inner side surface 1023 immersed in the refrigerant.
- the fin 1024 can be a protruding structure formed on the first inner side surface 1023, which can be an integrally formed structure with the first inner side surface 1023; or, the fin 1024 can be an independently formed structure, and can be fixed to the first inner side surface 1023 by welding or other possible methods.
- the fins 1024 may be disposed in the heat dissipation enhancement region 10231 of the first inner side surface 1023.
- At least a portion of the projection of the power device 101 on the first inner side surface 1023 is located in the heat dissipation enhancement region 10231. Since the first inner side surface 1023 is in direct contact with the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022, by disposing the fins 1024 on the first inner side surface 1023, the area of the first inner side surface 1023 immersed in the refrigerant can be effectively increased, so that the heat generated by the power device 101 can be efficiently exchanged with the refrigerant, which is conducive to improving the heat dissipation performance of the power module 1.
- the fins 1024 may be a plurality of fins 1024 arranged in parallel. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2a , the plurality of fins 1024 are arranged obliquely. In addition, in addition to being arranged in the manner shown in FIG. 2a , the fins 1024 may also be arranged in other possible forms. For example, reference may be made to FIG. 2b to FIG. 2d , which show several possible arrangements of the fins 1024.
- the fins 1024 may be a plurality of fins 1024 arranged in parallel, and the plurality of fins 1024 are arranged parallel to one edge of the first inner side surface; and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2d , the fins 1024 are arranged in a plurality of rows in parallel, each row including a plurality of fins 1024, and the plurality of rows of fins 1024 are arranged obliquely. Set.
- the heat dissipation enhancement structure in addition to being set as the fins 1024 shown in Figures 2a to 2d, can also be set as other possible structures.
- Figures 2e to 2g are schematic diagrams of the structures of several other first inner side surfaces 1023 provided in the embodiments of the present application, wherein Figure 2g shows a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first inner side surface 1023.
- the heat dissipation enhancement structure can be a capillary structure 1025, wherein the capillary structure 1025 can be, but is not limited to, a metal mesh structure or a metal powder sintered structure, etc., which has an adsorption effect on the liquid.
- the capillary structure 1025 can also be set in the heat dissipation enhancement area 10231 of the first inner side surface 1023, so as to effectively increase the area of the first inner side surface 1023 immersed in the refrigerant.
- the shape of the first inner side surface 1023 is not specifically limited in the present application, and it can be a quasi-rectangular shape as shown in Figures 2a to 2f, or a circle as shown in Figure 2g, or other possible regular shapes or irregular shapes.
- the heat dissipation enhancement structure can also be a groove or a protrusion located on the first inner side surface 1023, as long as it can increase the area of the first inner side surface 1023 immersed in the refrigerant.
- FIG3 is a three-dimensional view of the power module 1 shown in FIG1 .
- the base 102 may also be provided with a flow nozzle 1026, and the flow nozzle 1026 is provided on the second surface 1027 of the base 102.
- the flow nozzle 1026 may protrude from the second surface 1027.
- the base 102 may be an integrally formed structure, thereby simplifying the structure of the base 102 and making the base 102 have better sealing performance.
- the flow nozzle 1026 of the base 102 may also be an independently formed structure, and may be connected to the second surface 1027 of the base 102 by welding or bonding, so that the setting of the flow nozzle 1026 is more flexible.
- the positional relationship between the first surface 1021 and the second surface 1027 is not limited.
- the first surface 1021 and the second surface 1027 may be disposed opposite to each other.
- the first surface 1021 and the second surface 1027 may also be two adjacent surfaces.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the power module 1 shown in FIG. 3 .
- the flow nozzle 1026 is connected to the first cavity 1022, and the flow nozzle 1026 can be used as a channel for the refrigerant to enter and exit the first cavity 1022.
- the number of the flow nozzles 1026 is not specifically limited.
- the base 102 can be provided with two flow nozzles 1026, one of which can be used for the refrigerant to enter the first cavity 1022, and the other can be used for the refrigerant to flow out of the first cavity 1022.
- the base 102 can also be provided with only one flow nozzle 1026, which can be used for the refrigerant to enter the first cavity 1022, and can also be used for the refrigerant to flow out of the first cavity 1022.
- the base 102 may also be provided with more than two flow nozzles 1026, for example, three, four or five, etc., at least one of the more than two flow nozzles 1026 can be used for the refrigerant to enter the first cavity 1022, and the other flow nozzles 1026 can be used for the refrigerant to flow out of the first cavity 1022.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the heat dissipation system may also include a condenser 2, and the first cavity 1022 of the base 102 is connected to the condenser 2.
- the flow nozzle 1026 of the base 102 can be connected to the condenser 2. Since the flow nozzle 1026 can protrude from the second surface 1027, it is convenient to achieve the connection between the flow nozzle 1026 and the condenser 2.
- the flow nozzle 1026 and the condenser 2 can be connected through a pipeline, but not limited to, and the pipeline can be a hose, so that the connection between the flow nozzle 1026 and the condenser 2 is more convenient.
- the flow nozzle 1026 can also be connected to the condenser 2 through a rigid tube.
- heat can be conducted from the power device 101 to the first surface 1021 of the base 102, and then to the liquid refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 of the base 102.
- the liquid refrigerant is vaporized by heat to form steam, which enters the condenser 2 through the flow nozzle 1026 and condenses into liquid and then flows back to the first cavity 1022.
- the use of the phase change heat of the refrigerant can effectively reduce the thermal resistance from the power module 1 to the air, thereby effectively improving the heat dissipation capacity of the power module 1.
- the base 102 may be provided with at least two flow nozzles 1026, so that at least one flow nozzle 1026 may be connected to the condenser 2 through a liquid flow pipe, and at least one flow nozzle 1026 may be connected to the condenser 2 through a gas flow pipe.
- a first liquid flow pipe 3 for connecting the flow nozzle 1026 to the condenser 2 is indicated by a dotted line
- a first gas flow pipe 4 for connecting the flow nozzle 1026 to the condenser 2 is indicated by a solid line.
- the refrigerant in the form of vapor can enter the condenser 2 through at least one flow nozzle 1026, and the liquid refrigerant condensed by the condenser 2 can flow back to the first cavity 1022 through at least one flow nozzle 1026, thereby realizing efficient circulation of the refrigerant between the power module 1 and the condenser 2.
- the base 102 may be provided with only one through-flow nozzle 1026, so that the base 102 and the condenser 2 are connected through the one through-flow nozzle 1026.
- the flow nozzle 1026 is connected, thereby simplifying the structure of the power module 1.
- the refrigerant condensed into liquid by the condenser 2 can be allowed to flow back to the first cavity 1022.
- the condenser 2 and the base 102 of the power module 1 can be arranged along the direction of gravity.
- the condenser 2 in the direction of gravity, can be arranged above the base 102.
- the arrangement of the condenser 2 and the base 102 along the direction of gravity can be arranged along a straight line, or the two can be staggered along the direction of gravity.
- the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 can be vaporized and enter the condenser 2, and the refrigerant condensed into liquid by the condenser 2 can flow back to the first cavity 1022 under the action of gravity, thereby realizing efficient circulation of the refrigerant between the base 102 and the condenser 2.
- the direction of gravity when the heat dissipation system is placed along the direction of gravity, can be defined by the direction from top to bottom when the device to which the heat dissipation system is applied is placed in a normal use state in accordance with the customary manner in the field.
- the direction of gravity when the heat dissipation system is used in a photovoltaic inverter, can be understood as the direction from top to bottom of the photovoltaic inverter when the photovoltaic inverter is in normal use. In this case, the heat dissipation system is placed along the direction from top to bottom of the photovoltaic inverter.
- the thickness direction of the base 102 when the heat dissipation system is placed along the gravity direction, the thickness direction of the base 102 can be perpendicular to the gravity direction. In addition, the thickness direction of the base 102 can also be perpendicular to the first surface 1021, and the first surface 1021 is parallel to the gravity direction.
- the base 102 and the condenser 2 can be arranged in any direction respectively, and can be adjusted according to the specific application scenario. There is no specific limitation in the present application, as long as the liquid refrigerant condensed by the condenser 2 can flow back to the first cavity 1022.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the heat dissipation system may also include an evaporator 5, wherein the evaporator 5 has a second cavity 501 filled with a refrigerant.
- the base 102 can be connected to the condenser 2 through the evaporator 5.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the connection position of the power module 1 and the evaporator 5 shown in FIG. 6 .
- the evaporator 5 can be provided with a through hole 502, and the through-flow nozzle 1026 can be connected to the through hole 502 in a one-to-one correspondence, so that the first cavity 1022 of the base 102 is connected to the second cavity 501 of the evaporator 5.
- the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 and the refrigerant in the second cavity 501 can be the same, so that the refrigerant in the second cavity 501 can be replenished in time to the first cavity 1022, so that the area of the base 102 for arranging the power device 101 can always be in contact with the refrigerant.
- the refrigerants in the first cavity 1022 and the second cavity 501 can also be different, as long as the heat dissipation of the power module 1 can be achieved through the circulation of the refrigerant between the first cavity 1022, the second cavity 501 and the condenser 2.
- the volume of the second cavity 501 can be made larger than the volume of the first cavity 1022, so that the capacity of the refrigerant in the second cavity 501 can be made larger than the capacity of the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022, so that the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 is always in a fully filled state, which is beneficial to improving the heat exchange efficiency between the power device 101 and the refrigerant, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the heat dissipation capacity of the power module 1.
- connection method between the flow nozzle 1026 and the evaporator 5 is not specifically limited.
- the flow nozzle 1026 can be directly inserted into the through hole 502.
- the flow nozzle 1026 can be fixed to the evaporator 5 by, but not limited to, welding or bonding.
- a sealing ring can be provided between the two, and the material of the sealing ring can be, but not limited to, rubber.
- the sealing ring can be sleeved on the flow nozzle 1026, so that when the flow nozzle 1026 is inserted into the through hole 502, the sealing ring is squeezed by the side wall of the through hole 502, so that the sealing ring fills the gap between the two to achieve a sealing effect.
- Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation principle of the heat dissipation system shown in Fig. 6.
- the second cavity 501 of the evaporator 5 can be connected to the condenser 2.
- the evaporator 5 and the condenser 2 can be connected through a pipeline, for example, through at least one first gas flow pipeline 4 and at least one first liquid flow pipeline 3, so that the gas flow path can be distinguished from the liquid flow path.
- the solid line with arrows indicates the flow direction of the gaseous refrigerant
- the dotted line with arrows indicates the flow direction of the liquid refrigerant.
- the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 forms steam
- the refrigerant in the second cavity 501 can be promptly replenished into the first cavity 1022, thereby realizing efficient circulation of the refrigerant between the power module 1, the evaporator 5 and the condenser 2, so as to utilize the phase change heat of the refrigerant to realize the heat dissipation of the power module 1, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation capacity of the power module 1.
- the liquid level of the refrigerant in the second cavity 501 can be above the liquid level of the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 in the direction of gravity.
- the condenser 2 and the evaporator 5 can be arranged in the direction of gravity, for example, in the direction of gravity, the condenser 2 can be located above the evaporator 5.
- the arrangement of the condenser 2 and the evaporator 5 in the direction of gravity can be that the two are arranged in a straight line, or that the two are staggered in the direction of gravity.
- the evaporator 5 and the condenser 2 can be arranged in any direction, respectively, and can be adjusted according to the specific application scenario. In the present application, no specific limitation is made, as long as the liquid refrigerant condensed by the condenser 2 can flow back to the second cavity 501.
- the condenser 2 and the evaporator 5 are arranged along a straight line in the direction of gravity, and the power module 1 is located on the surface of the evaporator 5 parallel to the direction of gravity; for another example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 8b, the condenser 2 and the evaporator 5 are arranged along a straight line in the direction of gravity, and the power module 1 is arranged on the side surface of the evaporator 5 away from the condenser 2; for another example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 8c, the condenser 2 and the evaporator 5 are staggered in the direction of gravity, and the condenser 2 and the evaporator 5 are both inclined, and the power module 1 is arranged on an inclined surface of the evaporator 5.
- multiple power modules 1 can be arranged on each evaporator 5.
- six power modules 1 are arranged on one evaporator 5 , and the one evaporator 5 is connected to one condenser 2 , which is conducive to the integrated design of the heat dissipation system.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the flow nozzle 1026 of the power module 1 can be connected to the through hole 502 of the evaporator 5 through a pipeline, wherein the pipeline can be a hose, so that the setting of the power module 1 and the evaporator 5 is more flexible.
- the flow nozzle 1026 and the evaporator 5 can also be connected through a rigid pipeline to improve the reliability of the connection between the power module 1 and the evaporator 5.
- the base 102 may be provided with at least two flow nozzles 1026, so that at least one flow nozzle 1026 may be connected to the evaporator 5 through a liquid flow pipe, and at least one flow nozzle 1026 may be connected to the evaporator 5 through a gas flow pipe.
- a second liquid flow pipe 6 for connecting the flow nozzle 1026 to the evaporator 5 may be indicated by a dotted line
- a second gas flow pipe 7 for connecting the flow nozzle 1026 to the evaporator 5 may be indicated by a solid line.
- the refrigerant forming vapor may enter the second cavity 501 of the evaporator 5 through the second gas flow pipe 7 through at least one flow nozzle 1026, and enter the condenser 2 through the second cavity 501 through the first gas flow pipe 4; and the liquid refrigerant condensed by the condenser 2 may flow back to the second cavity 501 through the first liquid flow pipe 3, and the refrigerant in the second cavity 501 may be supplemented to the first cavity 1022 through the second liquid flow pipe 6 through at least one flow nozzle 1026, thereby realizing efficient circulation of the refrigerant between the power module 1 and the condenser 2.
- FIG. 9 other structures of the heat dissipation system shown in FIG. 9 may be arranged with reference to FIG. 8 a .
- each evaporator 5 may be connected to at least two power modules 1 , which will not be described in detail here.
- FIG 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the first cavity 1022 of each power module 1 can be connected to the respective second cavities 501 of at least two evaporators 5, and each second cavity 501 is filled with refrigerant.
- at least one evaporator 5 is connected to the condenser 2 through the first liquid circulation pipe 3, and at least one evaporator 5 is connected to the condenser 2 through the first gas circulation pipe 4.
- the refrigerant can circulate between the power module 1, at least one evaporator 5 connected to the condenser 2 through the first liquid circulation pipe 3, at least one evaporator 5 connected to the condenser 2 through the first gas circulation pipe 4, and the condenser 2.
- the liquid refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 evaporates into a gaseous state, it can enter the condenser 2 after passing through at least one second cavity 501 of the evaporator 5 connected to the condenser 2 through the first gas circulation pipe 4; and the refrigerant condensed into a liquid state by the condenser 2 can flow back into the second cavity 501 of at least one evaporator 5 connected to the condenser 2 through the first liquid circulation pipe 3, and the refrigerant in each second cavity 501 can supplement the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022.
- Each power module 1 may be provided with at least two flow nozzles 1026, so that each flow nozzle 1026 can be connected to at least one evaporator 5.
- the flow nozzles 1026 can be connected to the evaporators 5 in a one-to-one correspondence.
- the refrigerant in the first cavity 1022 of the base 102 of the power module 1 can be replenished in time, which is conducive to improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the power module 1.
- the arrangement of at least two evaporators 5 connected to each power module 1 is not limited, and they can be arranged in sequence along the gravity direction, or can be specifically arranged according to the application scenario of the heat dissipation system.
- other structures of the heat dissipation system shown in FIG. 10 can be arranged according to FIG. 9 , for example, each evaporator 5 can be connected to at least two power modules 1, which will not be described in detail here.
- each power module 1 when the first cavity 1022 of each power module 1 is connected to the respective second cavities 501 of at least two evaporators 5, and each When a power module 1 is provided with at least two flow nozzles 1026, one flow nozzle 1026 can also be connected to two or more evaporators 5.
- FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat dissipation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the connection method of connecting one flow nozzle 1026 to two evaporators 5 is shown.
- the one flow nozzle 1026 can be connected to the two evaporators 5 through a second gas pipeline 7, and the two evaporators 5 are respectively connected to the condenser 2 through a first gas pipeline 4.
- the one flow nozzle 1026 can be connected to the two evaporators 5 through a second liquid pipeline 6, and the two evaporators 5 are respectively connected to the condenser 2 through a first liquid pipeline 3.
- the one flow nozzle 1026 is connected to one of the two evaporators 5 through the second liquid pipeline 6, and the one evaporator 5 can be connected to the condenser 2 through a first liquid pipeline 3; in addition, the one flow nozzle 1026 is connected to the other of the two evaporators 5 through the second gas pipeline 7, and the other evaporator 5 is connected to the condenser 2 through a first gas pipeline 4.
- two flow nozzles 1026 can be connected to one evaporator 5.
- One of the two flow nozzles 1026 is connected to the condenser 2 through the second liquid flow pipe 6, and the other is connected to the condenser 2 through the second gas flow pipe 7.
- the one evaporator 5 can be connected to the condenser 2 through at least one first liquid flow pipe 3 and at least one first gas flow pipe 4.
- the heat dissipation system shown in FIG11 at least includes a refrigerant circulation path formed by a power module 1, at least one evaporator 5 connected to the condenser 2 through a first liquid circulation pipe 3, at least one evaporator 5 connected to the condenser 2 through a first gas circulation pipe 4, and the condenser 2; and a refrigerant circulation path formed by a power module 1, at least one evaporator 5 connected to the condenser 2 through at least one liquid circulation pipe 3 and at least one gas circulation pipe 4, and the condenser 2.
- the heat dissipation system can also include other possible refrigerant circulation paths, which will not be described in detail here, but they should all be understood to fall within the scope of protection of this application.
- the heat dissipation system provided in the present application can be applied to various possible power devices.
- the present application does not limit the specific type of power device.
- it can be photovoltaic power generation equipment such as photovoltaic inverters.
- Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible power device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the power device may also include a chassis 8.
- the evaporator 5 may be located inside the chassis 8 or outside the chassis 8, and the condenser 2 is located outside the chassis 8.
- the heat dissipation capacity of the power device is relatively strong, so that the product performance of the power device can be improved to enhance the product competitiveness of the power device.
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种散热系统及功率设备。上述散热系统可以包括功率模组和冷凝器。功率模组可以包括基座和功率器件，基座具有第一腔体，第一腔体内填充有制冷剂。功率器件设置于基座的第一表面，且功率器件与第一表面导热接触，则功率器件产生的热量可由第一表面传递至第一腔体，进而传导至制冷剂，制冷剂受热可汽化为蒸汽。另外，冷凝器与第一腔体连通，则汽化后的制冷剂可进入冷凝器；而经冷凝器冷凝为液态的制冷剂又可回流至第一腔体。利用制冷剂的相变换热可带走功率器件产生的大量的热，并可降低由功率模组到空气的热阻，其可提升功率模组的散热能力，从而有利于应用有该散热系统的功率设备的产品性能的提升。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年09月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211193874.4、申请名称为“散热系统及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及散热技术领域，尤其涉及到一种散热系统及功率设备。
随着电子技术的发展，大功率半导体器件在电力电子行业中有着越来越广泛的应用。由于大功率半导体器件的计算能力不断提升，其功耗也随之大幅上升。因此，大功率半导体器件产生的热量也越来越多，热流密度也越来越大，这对大功率半导体器件的散热提出了较高的挑战。
目前，功率设备向着小型化、集成化的方向发展，其留给散热组件的设置空间并不大。但是如果针对大功率半导体器件不能有良好的散热措施，大功率半导体器件的使用环境会受到限制，同时也会限制产品性能的发挥。因此，大功率半导体器件在高功率密度下的散热能力亟待提高。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种散热系统及功率设备，以提高功率模组的散热能力，从而提升应用有该散热系统的功率设备的产品性能。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种散热系统，该散热系统可以包括功率模组和冷凝器。其中，功率模组包括基座和功率器件，基座具有第一腔体，该第一腔体内填充有制冷剂，该制冷剂受热可汽化为蒸汽，且蒸汽受冷又可以凝结为液态的制冷剂。功率器件可设置于基座的第一表面，并且功率器件与第一表面导热接触。另外，冷凝器与第一腔体连通，其可用于将气态的制冷剂冷凝为液态的制冷剂。
采用本申请提供的散热系统，当功率模组工作时，热量可由功率器件传导至基座的第一表面，进而传导至基座的第一腔体内的液态的制冷剂。液态的制冷剂受热汽化形成蒸汽，该蒸汽进入冷凝器冷凝为液态后又重新回流至第一腔体。可以理解的是，在上述制冷剂相变的过程中，可带走功率器件产生的大量的热，从而实现对功率器件的散热。另外，利用制冷剂的相变换热可以有效的降低由功率模组到空气的热阻，从而可有效的提升功率模组的散热能力。
在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，第一腔体内的制冷剂在冷凝器内被冷凝为液态后通过重力作用回流到第一腔体。这样，无需泵或其它动力设备驱动，即可使第一腔体内的制冷剂汽化后进入冷凝器，而使经冷凝器被冷凝为液态的制冷剂后在重力的作用下回流至第一腔体，从而实现制冷剂在基座和冷凝器之间高效的循环。
在本申请中，不对散热系统的放置方式进行限定，其可根据具体的应用场景进行放置。示例性的，可将散热系统可沿重力方向放置。其中，重力方向可由应用有该散热系统的设备在正常使用状态下，按照该领域习惯性的方式进行放置时顶部到底部的方向进行定义。例如，该散热系统在用于光伏逆变器时，光伏逆变器在正常使用的状态下，重力方向可理解为光伏逆变器的顶部到底部的方向，则此时散热系统沿光伏逆变器的顶部到底部的方向放置。
另外，在散热系统沿重力方向放置时，可以使冷凝器位于基座的上方。基于此，在对基座进行放置时，在一个可能的实现方式中，可以使基座的厚度方向垂直于重力方向。
由于基座的第一表面可用于设置功率器件，在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，还可以使导热基板的厚度方向垂直于第一表面，则此时第一表面与重力方向平行。
在本申请中，基座可设置有通流嘴，该通流嘴与第一腔体连通。另外，通流嘴可设置于基座的第二表面，第二表面与第一表面相背设置，其有利于简化基座的结构。在一个可能的实现方式中，冷凝器可与第一腔体通过通流嘴连通，以使冷凝器与基座的连接较为简便。
由于制冷剂在功率模组与冷凝器之间的循环要经历液态到气态，以及气态到液态的转变，为了将气
体流通路径与液体流通路径区分开，可以使基座设置有至少两个通流嘴。这样，可以将至少一个通流嘴与冷凝器通过第一液体流通管道连接，并将至少一个通流嘴与冷凝器通过第一气体流通管道连接。
在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，散热系统还可以包括蒸发器，该蒸发器具有第二腔体，第二腔体内填充有制冷剂。另外，冷凝器与第一腔体可通过第二腔体相连通，具体的，可使第二腔体与第一腔体通过通流嘴连通，并且第二腔体与冷凝器连通。这样，可以使第二腔体内的制冷剂及时的补充至第一腔体，从而可使基座的用于设置功率器件的区域始终与制冷剂相接触，其有利于提高功率器件与制冷剂的换热效率，从而提高功率模组的散热能力。
在将通流嘴与蒸发器进行连接时，可以使蒸发器开设有通孔，则通流嘴可与通孔一一对应的连接。在一个可能的实现方式中，通流嘴可直接插设于通孔，并且通流嘴固定于蒸发器，其固定方式可以但不限于焊接或者粘接等。这样可简化通流嘴与蒸发器的连接方式，并可使散热系统的结构较为紧凑。
为了保证通流嘴与通孔之间的密封性，在通流嘴与通孔之间还可以设置有密封圈，该密封圈套设于通流嘴，并且通孔的侧壁可挤压密封圈，以使密封圈将通流嘴与通孔之间的缝隙填充。
在另一个可能的实现方式中，可以使通流嘴与通孔通过管道连接。具体实施时，可以使基座设置有至少两个通流嘴，至少一个通流嘴与对应的通孔通过第二液体流通管道连接，至少一个通流嘴与对应的通孔通过第二气体流通管道连接。
在本申请中，蒸发器与冷凝器之间也可以通过管道连接，例如可使蒸发器与冷凝器通过至少一条第一液体流通管道和至少一条第一气体流通管道连接，以将制冷剂在蒸发器与冷凝器之间循环的气体流通路径与液体流通路径区分开。
在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，第二腔体内的制冷剂在冷凝器内被冷凝为液态后通过重力作用回流到第二腔体。这样，无需泵或其它动力设备驱动，即可使第二腔体内的制冷剂汽化后进入冷凝器，而使经冷凝器冷凝为液态的制冷剂在重力的作用下回流至第二腔体，从而实现制冷剂在蒸发器和冷凝器之间高效的循环。
在本申请中，不对散热系统的放置方式进行限定，其可根据具体的应用场景进行放置。示例性的，可将散热系统可沿重力方向放置。其中，重力方向可由应用有该散热系统的设备在正常使用状态下，按照该领域习惯性的方式进行放置时顶部到底部的方向进行定义。例如，该散热系统在用于光伏逆变器时，光伏逆变器在正常使用的状态下，重力方向可理解为光伏逆变器的顶部到底部的方向，则此时散热系统沿光伏逆变器的顶部到底部的方向放置。
另外，在散热系统沿重力方向放置时，可以使冷凝器位于蒸发器的上方。基于此，在对基座进行放置时，在一个可能的实现方式中，可以使基座的厚度方向垂直于重力方向。
由于基座的第一表面可用于设置功率器件，在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，还可以使导热基板的厚度方向垂直于第一表面，则此时第一表面与重力方向平行。
在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，每个功率模组的第一腔体可与至少两个蒸发器的各自的第二腔体连通，并至少一个蒸发器与冷凝器通过第一液体流通管道连接，至少一个蒸发器与冷凝器通过第一气体流通管道连接。这样，制冷剂可在功率模组、至少一个通过第一液体流通管道与冷凝器连接的蒸发器、至少一个通过第一气体流通管道与冷凝器连接的蒸发器，以及冷凝器之间循环。具体的，第一腔体内的液态的制冷剂蒸发为气态后，可经过至少一个通过第一气体流通管道与冷凝器连接的蒸发器的第二腔体后进入冷凝器；而经冷凝器冷凝为液态的制冷剂，可回流到至少一个通过第一液体流通管道与冷凝器连接的蒸发器的第二腔体中，各个第二腔体内的制冷剂均可实现对第一腔体内制冷剂的补充。因此，通过将每个功率模组与至少两个蒸发器连接，可使第一腔体内的制冷剂得到及时的补充，从而可有利于提高功率模组的散热效率。
另外，与每个功率模组的第一腔体相连接的至少两个蒸发器中，还可以有至少一个蒸发器与冷凝器通过至少一条液体流通管道和至少一条气体流通管道连接。这样，制冷剂可在功率模组、至少一个通过至少一条液体流通管道和至少一条气体流通管道与冷凝器连接的蒸发器，以及冷凝器之间循环。其也可以理解为，制冷剂的循环路径中至少有一条是由功率模组与一个蒸发器以及冷凝器组成的。针对该循环路径，第一腔体内的液态的制冷剂蒸发为气态后，可经过蒸发器的第二腔体后进入冷凝器；而经冷凝器冷凝为液态的制冷剂可回流到蒸发器的第二腔体，第二腔体内的制冷剂可实现对第一腔体内制冷剂的补充。
在具体将每个功率模组与至少两个蒸发器进行连接时，可使每个功率模组设置有至少两个通流嘴，
这样可使每个通流嘴与至少一个蒸发器连接。示例性的，可使一个通流嘴与两个蒸发器连接；或者，当蒸发器与通流嘴的数量相同时，可使通流嘴与蒸发器一一对应连接。另外，在将每个通流嘴与至少一个蒸发器进行连接时，也可以出现两个通流嘴与一个蒸发器连接的情况，例如，该蒸发器通过至少一条第一液体流通管道和至少一条第一气体流通管道与冷凝器连接时，就可以使两个通流嘴与该蒸发器连接，以在功率模组和一个蒸发器和冷凝器之间形成制冷剂的循环路径。其均应理解为落在本申请的保护范围之内。
在本申请中，每个蒸发器还可以与至少两个功率模组连接，其有利于实现散热系统的集成化设计。
为了提高功率模组的散热效率，在本申请一个可能的实现方式中，基座还可以设置有散热强化结构。具体实施时，基座还具有第一内侧面，该第一内侧面与第一表面相背设置，并且至少部分第一内侧面浸没在制冷剂内。当功率器件产生的热量由导热基板的第一表面传导至第一内侧面后，可直接传递给制冷剂，以实现导热基板与制冷剂的高效换热。
另外，第一内侧面可设置有散热强化结构，该散热强化结构设置于第一内侧面的散热加强区域，散热强化结构可用于增大第一内侧面浸没在制冷剂内的面积。这样，可在沿第一表面到第一内侧面的方向上，使功率器件在第一内侧面的至少部分投影位于该散热加强区域内，从而使功率器件产生的热量能够与制冷剂进行高效的换热，以有利于提高功率模组的散热性能。
在本申请中，不对散热强化结构的具体设置形式进行限定，其示例性的可为位于第二表面的凹槽或凸起，或者为翅片或者毛细结构等，以能够达到增大导热基板浸没在制冷剂内的面积的目的即可。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种功率设备，该功率设备可以包括机箱和第一方面的散热系统，蒸发器可位于机箱内或机箱外，冷凝器位于机箱外。在本申请中，不对功率设备的具体类型进行限定，其可以但不限于为光伏逆变器等光伏发电设备。该功率设备的散热能力较强，从而可提升功率设备的产品性能，以提升功率设备的产品竞争力。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种功率模组的结构示意图；
图2a至图2g为本申请实施例提供的几种第一内侧面的结构示意图；
图3为图1中所示的功率模组的立体图；
图4为图3中所示功率模组的剖视图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种散热系统的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图；
图7为图6中所示功率模组和蒸发器连接位置的剖视图；
图8a至图8c为图6中所示的散热系统的散热原理示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种功率设备的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-功率模组；101-功率器件；102-基座；1021-第一表面；1022-第一腔体；
1023-第一内侧面；10231-散热加强区域；1024-翅片；1025-毛细结构；1026-通流嘴；
1027-第二表面；2-冷凝器；3-第一液体流通管道；4-第一气体流通管道；5-蒸发器；
501-第二腔体；502-通孔；6-第二液体流通管道；7-第二气体流通管道；8-机箱。
1-功率模组；101-功率器件；102-基座；1021-第一表面；1022-第一腔体；
1023-第一内侧面；10231-散热加强区域；1024-翅片；1025-毛细结构；1026-通流嘴；
1027-第二表面；2-冷凝器；3-第一液体流通管道；4-第一气体流通管道；5-蒸发器；
501-第二腔体；502-通孔；6-第二液体流通管道；7-第二气体流通管道；8-机箱。
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“具体的实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味
着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的散热系统及功率设备，下面首先介绍一下其应用场景。本申请提供的散热系统可以但不限于应用于光伏逆变器等功率设备中。随着电子技术的发展，对于功率设备中的大功率半导体器件的散热需求越来越明显。例如在光伏逆变器里，绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor，IGBT)的热流密度越来越高，良好的散热措施将有利于提升其最大电流输出能力，从而提升光伏逆变器的性能，提高产品的竞争力。
针对大功率半导体器件的功率密度的提升，目前关于大功率半导体器件的散热强化研究非常广泛。从散热方式划分，主要有风冷、自然冷却和液冷，具体按照实际应用场景来选择。例如光伏逆变器主要是在户外场景下使用，则风冷是其最主要的散热形式。针对风冷散热，一般是将大功率半导体器件通过导热硅脂贴于风冷散热器表面进行散热。目前，关于风冷散热的散热强化研究，主要是在普通铝材风冷散热器的基础上增设热管散热器或者真空腔均热板散热技术(vapor chamber，VC)散热器等方案，但是再往后演进也遇到了瓶颈。另外，从散热链路的热阻的分布来看，导热硅脂层的热阻占比达到20％，目前没有很好的热阻降低替代方案。
基于此，本申请提供了一种散热系统及功率设备，以通过将功率模组的散热面直接与制冷剂接触，实现热阻链条去硅脂层，同时利用高效的相变换热降低从模组到空气的热阻，从而提高功率模组的散热能力，以有利于提升应用有该散热系统的功率设备的产品性能，提升产品竞争力。为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
在本申请中，散热系统可包括功率模组，参照图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种功率模组1的结构示意图。该功率模组1包括功率器件101和基座102。其中，功率器件101可以但不限于为芯片或者数据库控制器(database controller，DBC)等，功率器件101可设置于基座102的第一表面1021，并且功率器件101与基座102的第一表面1021导热接触。另外，每个基座102上设置的功率器件101的数量可为一个或多个，其可根据功率模组1的具体的应用场景进行设置。
在本申请中，不对基座102的材质进行限定，其示例性的可为铜或铝等导热性能较好的金属，在一些可能的实施例中，基座102的材质也可能为导热性能较好的非金属。在具体设置基座102时，基座102具有第一腔体(图1中未示出)，该第一腔体内填充有制冷剂，该制冷剂为汽液两相制冷剂，即在温度小于或等于第一温度阈值时，制冷剂为液态；而当温度高于第一温度阈值时，制冷剂沸腾相变为蒸汽。在本申请中不对制冷剂的具体类型进行限定，其示例性的可为四氟乙烷(1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)等。可以理解的是，第一温度阈值受制冷剂的类型影响，其例如可为20℃或25℃等。
可以理解的是，在本申请中，可使功率器件101在基座102上的投影完全落在第一表面1021的轮廓范围之内，从而可有效的增加功率器件101与第一表面1021的接触面积，其有利于提高功率器件101与基座102内的制冷剂的换热效率，进而提高功率模组1的散热性能。
另外，为了提高热量由功率器件101传递至制冷剂的效率，还可以在基座102上设置散热强化结构，该散热强化结构示例性的可设置于基座102的第一内侧面1023，该第一内侧面1023与第一表面1021相背设置，且至少部分第一内侧面1023浸没在制冷剂内。在具体设置散热强化结构时，可参照图2a，图2a为本申请实施例提供的一种基座102的第一内侧面1023的结构示意图。该散热强化结构可为形成于第一内侧面1023的翅片1024，该翅片1024可起到增大第一内侧面1023浸没在制冷剂内的面积的作用。在本申请中，翅片1024可为形成于第一内侧面1023的凸起结构，其可以与第一内侧面1023为一体成型结构；或者，该翅片1024可为独立成型结构，并可通过焊接等可能的方式固定于第一内侧面1023。其中，翅片1024可设置于第一内侧面1023的散热加强区域10231。另外，在沿第一表面到第一内侧面1023的方向上，功率器件101在第一内侧面1023的至少部分投影位于散热加强区域10231。由于第一内侧面1023与第一腔体1022内的制冷剂直接接触，通过在第一内侧面1023设置翅片1024，可以有效的增大第一内侧面1023浸没在制冷剂中的面积，以使功率器件101产生的热量能够与制冷剂进行高效的换热，其有利于提高功率模组1的散热性能。
在本申请中，翅片1024可为并列设置的多个，在图2a所示的实施例中，该多个翅片1024倾斜设置。另外，翅片1024除了可采用图2a中所示的方式进行设置外，还可以设置为其它可能的形式，示例性的，可参照图2b至图2d，图2b至图2d展示了几种可能的翅片1024的设置形式，例如在图2b和图2c中，翅片1024可为并列设置的多个，该多个翅片1024与第一内侧面的一条边平行设置；又如在图2d所示的实施例中，翅片1024为并列设置的多排，每排包括多个翅片1024，该多排翅片1024倾斜设
置。
另外，在本申请中，散热强化结构除了可设置为图2a至图2d所示的翅片1024外，还可以设置为其它可能的结构。例如，可参照图2e至图2g，图2e至图2g为本申请实施例提供的另外几种第一内侧面1023的结构示意图，其中，图2g展示了一种第一内侧面1023的立体结构示意图。在图2e至图2g中，散热强化结构可为毛细结构1025，其中，毛细结构1025可以但不限于为金属网状结构或金属粉末烧结结构等，其对于液体具有吸附的作用。该毛细结构1025也可设置于第一内侧面1023的散热加强区域10231，从而可有效的增大第一内侧面1023浸没在制冷剂中的面积。
值得一提的是，在本申请中不对第一内侧面1023的形状进行具体限定，其可以为图2a至图2f中所示的类矩形，也可以为图2g中所示的圆形，或者为其它可能的规则形状或者非规则形状。在本申请另外一些可能的实施例中，散热加强结构还可以为位于第一内侧面1023的凹槽或者凸起，只要能够起到增大第一内侧面1023浸没在制冷剂内的面积的作用即可。
参照图3，图3为图1中所示的功率模组1的立体图。基座102还可以设置有通流嘴1026，通流嘴1026设置于基座102的第二表面1027。另外，通流嘴1026可凸出于第二表面1027。在本申请一个可能的实施例中，基座102可以为一体成型结构，从而可简化基座102的结构，并使基座102具有较好的密封性。在本申请另外一些可能的实施例中，基座102的通流嘴1026还可以为独立成型的结构，并可通过焊接或者粘接等方式与基座102的第二表面1027连接，从而使通流嘴1026的设置更加灵活。
在本申请中，不对第一表面1021和第二表面1027的位置关系进行限定，示例性的，在图3所示的实施例中，第一表面1021和第二表面1027可相背设置。在本申请另外一些可能的实施例中，第一表面1021和第二表面1027还可以为相邻的两个表面。
参照图4，图4为图3中所示功率模组1的剖视图。由图4可以看出，通流嘴1026与第一腔体1022相连通，则通流嘴1026可作为制冷剂进出第一腔体1022的通道。在本申请中，不对通流嘴1026的数量进行具体限定，示例性的，在图3和图4所示的实施例中，基座102可设置有两个通流嘴1026，该两个通流嘴1026中的一个可用于制冷剂进入第一腔体1022，另一个可用于制冷剂由第一腔体1022流出。在本申请另外一个可能的实施例中，基座102还可以只设置有一个通流嘴1026，该一个通流嘴1026既可用于制冷剂进入第一腔体1022，也可用于制冷剂由第一腔体1022流出。在本申请另外一些可能的实施例中，基座102还可以设置有两个以上的通流嘴1026，例如可为三个、四个或五个等，该两个以上的通流嘴1026中的至少一个可用于制冷剂进入第一腔体1022，则其它的通流嘴1026可用于制冷剂由第一腔体1022流出。
参照图5，图5为本申请实施例提供的一种散热系统的结构示意图。该散热系统除了包括上述的功率模组1外，还可以包括冷凝器2，基座102的第一腔体1022与冷凝器2连通。具体实施时，可使基座102的通流嘴1026与冷凝器2相连接，由于通流嘴1026可凸出于第二表面1027，从而可便于实现通流嘴1026与冷凝器2的连接。另外，通流嘴1026与冷凝器2可以但不限于通过管道连接，该管道可以为软管，以使通流嘴1026与冷凝器2的连接更加便利。在一些可能的应用场景中，例如用于设置散热系统的空间较大时，也可以使通流嘴1026与冷凝器2通过刚性管连接。
采用本申请提供的散热系统，当功率模组1工作时，热量可由功率器件101传导至基座102的第一表面1021，进而传导至基座102的第一腔体1022内的液态的制冷剂。液态的制冷剂受热汽化形成蒸汽，该蒸汽由通流嘴1026进入冷凝器2冷凝为液态后又重新回流至第一腔体1022。可以理解的是，在上述制冷剂相变的过程中，可带走功率器件101产生的大量的热，从而实现对功率器件101的散热。另外，利用制冷剂的相变换热可以有效的降低由功率模组1到空气的热阻，从而可有效的提升功率模组1的散热能力。
由于制冷剂在功率模组1与冷凝器2之间的循环要经历液态到气态，以及气态到液态的转变，为了将气体流通路径与液体流通路径区分开，可以使基座102设置有至少两个通流嘴1026，这样，可以将至少一个通流嘴1026与冷凝器2通过液体流通管道连接，并将至少一个通流嘴1026与冷凝器2通过气体流通管道连接。例如在图5中，用虚线表示用于连接通流嘴1026与冷凝器2的第一液体流通管道3，用实线表示用于连接通流嘴1026与冷凝器2的第一气体流通管道4。这样可使形成蒸汽的制冷剂通过至少一个通流嘴1026进入冷凝器2，并使经冷凝器2冷凝后的液态的制冷剂通过至少一个通流嘴1026回流至第一腔体1022，从而实现制冷剂在功率模组1与冷凝器2之间高效的循环。在本申请一些可能的实施例中，也可以使基座102上只设置有一个通流嘴1026，从而使基座102与冷凝器2通过该一个
通流嘴1026连接，从而简化功率模组1的结构。
在本申请中，可以使经冷凝器2冷凝为液态的制冷剂能够重新回流至第一腔体1022。基于此，在对冷凝器2和基座102进行布置时，可以将冷凝器2与功率模组1的基座102沿重力方向排布，例如，在重力方向上，可将冷凝器2设置于基座102的上方。其中，冷凝器2与基座102沿重力方向排布可以是二者沿一条直线排布，也可以是二者沿重力方向交错设置。这样，无需泵或其它动力设备驱动，即可使第一腔体1022内的制冷剂汽化后进入冷凝器2，而使经冷凝器2冷凝为液态的制冷剂在重力的作用下回流至第一腔体1022，从而实现制冷剂在基座102和冷凝器2之间高效的循环。
在本申请各实施例中，将散热系统沿重力方向进行放置时，该重力方向可由应用有该散热系统的设备在正常使用状态下，按照该领域习惯性的方式进行放置时顶部到底部的方向进行定义。例如，该散热系统在用于光伏逆变器时，光伏逆变器在正常使用的状态下，重力方向可理解为光伏逆变器的顶部到底部的方向，则此时散热系统沿光伏逆变器的顶部到底部的方向放置。
在本申请中，当散热系统沿重力方向放置时，可以使基座102的厚度方向垂直于重力方向。另外，还可以使基座102的厚度方向垂直于第一表面1021，则此时第一表面1021与重力方向平行。
另外，基座102和冷凝器2分别可沿任意方向进行设置，其可根据具体的应用场景进行调整，在本申请中均不做具体限定，只要使经冷凝器2冷凝后的液态制冷剂可以回流至第一腔体1022即可。
参照图6，图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图。该散热系统除了包括上述的功率模组1和冷凝器2外，还可以包括蒸发器5，该蒸发器5具有第二腔体501，第二腔体501内填充有制冷剂。
在图6所示的实施例中，基座102可以通过蒸发器5与冷凝器2相连接。具体实施时，可参照图7，图7为图6中所示功率模组1和蒸发器5连接位置的剖视图。其中，蒸发器5可开设有通孔502，通流嘴1026可与通孔502一一对应的连接，从而使基座102的第一腔体1022与蒸发器5的第二腔体501相连通。可以理解的是，第一腔体1022内的制冷剂与第二腔体501内的制冷剂可以相同，以使第二腔体501内的制冷剂可及时补充至第一腔体1022内，从而可使基座102的用于设置功率器件101的区域始终与制冷剂相接触。在一些可能的实施例中，第一腔体1022与第二腔体501内的制冷剂也可以不同，只要能够通过制冷剂在第一腔体1022、第二腔体501以及冷凝器2之间的循环，实现对功率模组1的散热即可。
在本申请一个可能的实施例中，可以使第二腔体501的容积大于第一腔体1022的容积，从而可使第二腔体501内的制冷剂的容量大于第一腔体1022内的制冷剂的容量，以使第一腔体1022内的制冷剂始终处于完全填充的状态，其有利于提高功率器件101与制冷剂的换热效率，以达到提升功率模组1散热能力的目的。
在本申请中，不对通流嘴1026与蒸发器5的连接方式进行具体限定，示例性的，在图7所示的实施例中，通流嘴1026可直接插设于通孔502。另外，通流嘴1026可以但不限于通过焊接或者粘接等方式固定于蒸发器5。为了保证通流嘴1026与通孔502之间的密封，还可以在二者之间设置密封圈，密封圈的材质可以但不限于为橡胶。在具体设置密封圈时，可以将密封圈套设于通流嘴1026，以在将通流嘴1026插设于通孔502时使密封圈被通孔502的侧壁挤压，从而使密封圈将二者之间的间隙填充，以达到密封的效果。
参照图8a，图8a为图6中所示的散热系统的散热原理示意图。在本申请中，蒸发器5的第二腔体501可与冷凝器2相连通。具体实施时，蒸发器5与冷凝器2可以通过管道连接，例如可通过至少一条第一气体流通管道4和至少一条第一液体流通管道3连接，从而可将气态流通路径与液态流通路径区分开。
在图8a中用带箭头的实线表示气态的制冷剂的流通方向，用带箭头的虚线表示液态的制冷剂的流通方向。采用图8a所示的散热系统，当功率模组1工作时，热量可由功率器件101传导至基座102的第一表面1021，进而传导至基座102的第一腔体1022内的液态的制冷剂。液态的制冷剂受热沸腾形成蒸汽，该蒸汽由通流嘴1026进入蒸发器5的第二腔体501，并经过第一气体流通管道4进入冷凝器2。当蒸汽在冷凝器2中冷凝为液态后可经过第一液体流通管道3重新回流至第二腔体501。可以理解的是，当第一腔体1022内的制冷剂形成蒸汽后，第二腔体501内的制冷剂可以及时的补充至第一腔体1022内，从而实现制冷剂在功率模组1、蒸发器5和冷凝器2之间高效的循环，以利用制冷剂的相变换热来实现对功率模组1的散热，其有利于提升功率模组1的散热能力。
在本申请中，为了使第二腔体501内的制冷剂可及时的补充至第一腔体1022，可以在重力方向上，使第二腔体501内的制冷剂的液面在第一腔体1022内的制冷剂的液面上方。另外，为了使经冷凝器2冷凝为液态的制冷剂能够重新回流至第二腔体501，可以将冷凝器2与蒸发器5沿重力方向排布，例如，在重力方向上，可将冷凝器2位于蒸发器5的上方。其中，冷凝器2与蒸发器5沿重力方向排布可以是二者沿一条直线排布，也可以是二者沿重力方向交错设置。另外，蒸发器5和冷凝器2分别可沿任意方向进行设置，其可根据具体的应用场景进行调整。在本申请中均不做具体限定，只要能够使经冷凝器2冷凝后的液态制冷剂可以回流至第二腔体501即可。例如，在图8a所示的实施例中，冷凝器2与蒸发器5在重力方向上沿一条直线排布，功率模组1位于蒸发器5的平行于重力方向的表面；又如，在图8b所示的实施例中，冷凝器2与蒸发器5在重力方向上沿一条直线排布，功率模组1设置于蒸发器5的背离冷凝器2的一侧表面；又如，在图8c所示的实施例中，冷凝器2与蒸发器5在重力方向上交错排布，且冷凝器2与蒸发器5均倾斜设置，功率模组1设置于蒸发器5的一个倾斜设置的表面。
另外，在本申请中，每个蒸发器5上可设置有多个功率模组1，例如在图6所示的散热系统中，一个蒸发器5上设置有六个功率模组1，且该一个蒸发器5与一个冷凝器2连接，其有利于散热系统的集成化设计。
参照图9，图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图。与图8a中所示的散热系统不同的是，在图9中，功率模组1的通流嘴1026可通过管道与蒸发器5的通孔502相连接，其中，该管道可以为软管，以使功率模组1与蒸发器5的设置较为灵活。在一些可能的实施例中，通流嘴1026与蒸发器5也可以通过刚性管道连接，以提高功率模组1与蒸发器5连接的可靠性。
在图9所示的散热系统中，可以使基座102设置有至少两个通流嘴1026，这样，可以将至少一个通流嘴1026与蒸发器5通过液体流通管道连接，并将至少一个通流嘴1026与蒸发器5通过气体流通管道连接。例如在图9中，可用虚线表示用于连接通流嘴1026与蒸发器5的第二液体流通管道6，用实线表示用于连接通流嘴1026与蒸发器5的第二气体流通管道7。这样可使形成蒸汽的制冷剂通过至少一个通流嘴1026由第二气体流通管道7进入蒸发器5的第二腔体501，并由第二腔体501经过第一气体流通管道4进入冷凝器2；而经冷凝器2冷凝后的液态的制冷剂可通过第一液体流通管道3回流至第二腔体501，第二腔体501内的制冷剂可通过第二液体流通管道6由至少一个通流嘴1026补充至第一腔体1022，从而实现制冷剂在功率模组1与冷凝器2之间高效的循环。另外，图9中所示的散热系统的其它结构均可参照图8a进行设置，例如，每个蒸发器5可与至少两个功率模组1连接，在此不进行赘述。
参照图10，图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图。与图9中所示的散热系统不同的是，在图10中，每个功率模组1的第一腔体1022可与至少两个蒸发器5的各自的第二腔体501连通，每个第二腔体501中均填充有制冷剂。另外，与第一腔体1022连接的至少两个蒸发器5中，至少一个蒸发器5与冷凝器2通过第一液体流通管道3，至少一个蒸发器5与冷凝器2通过第一气体流通管道4连接。这样，制冷剂可在功率模组1、至少一个通过第一液体流通管道3与冷凝器2连接的蒸发器5、至少一个通过第一气体流通管道4与冷凝器2连接的蒸发器5，以及冷凝器2之间循环。具体的，第一腔体1022内的液态的制冷剂蒸发为气态后，可经过至少一个通过第一气体流通管道4与冷凝器2连接的蒸发器5的第二腔体501后进入冷凝器2；而经冷凝器2冷凝为液态的制冷剂，可回流到至少一个通过第一液体流通管道3与冷凝器2连接的蒸发器5的第二腔体501中，各个第二腔体501内的制冷剂均可实现对第一腔体1022内制冷剂的补充。
每个功率模组1可设置有至少两个通流嘴1026，这样，可以使每个通流嘴1026与至少一个蒸发器5连接。示例性的，在图10所示的散热系统中，当通流嘴1026与蒸发器5的数量相同时，可以使通流嘴1026与蒸发器5一一对应的连接。在该实施例中，通过将每个功率模组1与至少两个的蒸发器5连接，可以使功率模组1的基座102的第一腔体1022内的制冷剂得到及时的补充，其有利于提高功率模组1的散热效率。
可继续参照图10，在本申请中，不对与每个功率模组1相连接的至少两个的蒸发器5的布置方式进行限定，其例如可沿重力方向依次排布，或者可根据散热系统的应用场景具体进行设置。另外，图10中所示的散热系统的其它结构均可参照图9进行设置，例如，每个蒸发器5可与至少两个功率模组1连接，在此不进行赘述。
另外，当每个功率模组1的第一腔体1022与至少两个蒸发器5的各自的第二腔体501连通，且每
个功率模组1设置有至少两个的通流嘴1026时，还可以使一个通流嘴1026与两个或两个以上的蒸发器5连接。示例性的，可参照图11，图11为本申请实施例提供的另一种散热系统的结构示意图。在图11中，对一个通流嘴1026与两个蒸发器5相连接的连接方式进行了展示，此时，该一个通流嘴1026与两个蒸发器5可通过第二气体管道7连接，且该两个蒸发器5分别通过一条第一气体管道4与冷凝器2连接。或者，该一个通流嘴1026与两个蒸发器5可通过第二液体管道6连接，且该两个蒸发器5分别通过一条第一液体管道3与冷凝器2连接。又或者，该一个通流嘴1026与两个蒸发器5中的一个通过第二液体管道6连接，该一个蒸发器5可通过一条第一液体管道3与冷凝器2连接；另外，该一个通流嘴1026与两个蒸发器5中的另一个通过第二气体管道7连接，且该另一个蒸发器5通过一条第一气体管道4与冷凝器2连接。
另外，可继续参照图11，在图11所示的散热系统中，还可以使两个通流嘴1026与一个蒸发器5连接。该两个通流嘴1026中的一个通过第二液体流通管道6与冷凝器2连接，另一个通过第二气体流通管道7与冷凝器2连接。另外，该一个蒸发器5可通过至少一条第一液体流通管道3和至少一条第一气体流通管道4与冷凝器2连接。
综上可以看出，在图11所示的散热系统中，至少包括由功率模组1、至少一个通过第一液体流通管道3与冷凝器2连接的蒸发器5、至少一个通过第一气体流通管道4与冷凝器2连接的蒸发器5，以及冷凝器2形成的制冷剂的循环路径；以及由功率模组1、至少一个通过至少一条液体流通管道3和至少一条气体流通管道4与冷凝器2连接的蒸发器5，以及冷凝器2形成的制冷剂的循环路径。基于此，通过对功率模组1、蒸发器5以及冷凝器2之间的连接方式进行调整，还可以使散热系统包括其它可能的制冷剂的循环路径，在此不进行赘述，但其均应理解为落在本申请的保护范围之内。
本申请提供的散热系统可应用于各种可能的功率设备，本申请对功率设备的具体类型不做限制，例如可以为光伏逆变器等光伏发电设备。参照图12，图12为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的功率设备的结构示意图。该功率设备除了包括散热系统外，还可以包括机箱8。其中，蒸发器5可位于机箱8内或机箱8外，冷凝器2位于机箱8外。该功率设备的散热能力较强，从而可提升功率设备的产品性能，以提升功率设备的产品竞争力。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (21)
- 一种散热系统，其特征在于，包括功率模组和冷凝器，其中：所述功率模组包括基座和功率器件，所述基座具有第一腔体，所述第一腔体内填充有制冷剂；所述功率器件设置于所述基座的第一表面；所述冷凝器与所述第一腔体连通，所述功率器件产生的热量经所述第一表面传递至所述第一腔体，所述第一腔体内的所述制冷剂受热汽化后进入所述冷凝器，且经所述冷凝器被冷凝为液态后回流至所述第一腔体。
- 如权利要求1所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述第一腔体内的所述制冷剂在所述冷凝器内被冷凝为液态后通过重力作用回流到所述第一腔体。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述散热系统沿重力方向放置时，所述冷凝器位于所述基座的上方。
- 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述基座设置有通流嘴，所述通流嘴与所述第一腔体连通；所述冷凝器与所述第一腔体通过所述通流嘴连通。
- 如权利要求4所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述基座设置有至少两个所述通流嘴，至少一个所述通流嘴与所述冷凝器通过第一液体流通管道连接，至少一个所述通流嘴与所述冷凝器通过第一气体流通管道连接。
- 如权利要求4所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述散热系统还包括蒸发器，所述蒸发器具有第二腔体，所述第二腔体内填充有制冷剂；所述第二腔体与所述第一腔体通过所述通流嘴连通，且所述第二腔体与所述冷凝器连通。
- 如权利要求6所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述第二腔体内的所述制冷剂在所述冷凝器内被冷凝为液态后通过重力作用回流到所述第二腔体。
- 如权利要求6或7所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述散热系统沿重力方向放置时，所述冷凝器位于所述蒸发器的上方。
- 如权利要求6～8任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述蒸发器开设有通孔，所述通流嘴与所述通孔一一对应连接。
- 如权利要求9所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述通流嘴插设于对应的所述通孔，且所述通流嘴固定于所述蒸发器。
- 如权利要求10所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述通流嘴与所述通孔之间设置有密封圈，所述密封圈套设于所述通流嘴，且所述通孔的侧壁挤压所述密封圈。
- 如权利要求9所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述基座设置有至少两个所述通流嘴，至少一个所述通流嘴与对应的所述通孔通过第二液体流通管道连接，至少一个所述通流嘴与对应的所述通孔通过第二气体流通管道连接。
- 如权利要求6～12任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述蒸发器与所述冷凝器通过至少一条第一液体流通管道和至少一条第一气体流通管道连接。
- 如权利要求6～12任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，每个所述第一腔体与至少两个所述蒸发器的各自的所述第二腔体连通；至少一个所述蒸发器与所述冷凝器通过第一液体流通管道连接，至少一个所述蒸发器与所述冷凝器通过第一气体流通管道连接。
- 如权利要求14所述的散热系统，其特征在于，至少一个所述蒸发器与所述冷凝器通过至少一条第一液体流通管道和至少一条第一气体流通管道连接。
- 如权利要求14或15所述的散热系统，其特征在于，每个所述功率模组的所述基座设置有至少两个所述通流嘴，每个所述通流嘴与至少一个所述蒸发器连接。
- 如权利要求4～16任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述通流嘴设置于所述基座的第二表面，所述第一表面和第二表面相背设置。
- 如权利要求1～17任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述基座具有第一内侧面，所述第一内侧面和所述第一表面相背设置，且至少部分所述第一内侧面浸没在所述制冷剂内。
- 如权利要求18所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述第一内侧面设置有散热强化结构，所述散热强化结构设置于所述第一内侧面的散热加强区域，用于增大所述第一内侧面浸没在所述制冷剂内的面积；沿所述第一表面到所述第一内侧面的方向，所述功率器件在所述第一内侧面的至少部分投影位于所述散热加强区域内。
- 如权利要求19所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述散热强化结构为位于所述第一内侧面的凹槽或凸起，或者，所述散热强化结构为设置在所述第一内侧面的翅片或毛细结构。
- 一种功率设备，其特征在于，包括机箱和如权利要求1～20任一项所述的散热系统，所述蒸发器位于所述机箱内或所述机箱外，所述冷凝器位于所述机箱外。
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| WO2024066705A1 WO2024066705A1 (zh) | 2024-04-04 |
| WO2024066705A9 true WO2024066705A9 (zh) | 2024-05-10 |
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| PCT/CN2023/109189 WO2024066705A1 (zh) | 2022-09-28 | 2023-07-25 | 散热系统及功率设备 |
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| CN210959273U (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-07-07 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 两相散热装置及电子器件 |
| CN112584678A (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-30 | 上能电气股份有限公司 | 一种用于逆变器的相变散热装置及逆变器 |
| CN114531830A (zh) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-24 | 深圳市禾望电气股份有限公司 | 一种功率模块及功率柜 |
| CN115551301A (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-30 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | 散热系统及电子设备 |
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| WO2024066705A1 (zh) | 2024-04-04 |
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