WO2024066552A1 - 电助力自行车用中置电机 - Google Patents

电助力自行车用中置电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024066552A1
WO2024066552A1 PCT/CN2023/103083 CN2023103083W WO2024066552A1 WO 2024066552 A1 WO2024066552 A1 WO 2024066552A1 CN 2023103083 W CN2023103083 W CN 2023103083W WO 2024066552 A1 WO2024066552 A1 WO 2024066552A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
mid
shaft
output shaft
assisted bicycle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/103083
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴晓峰
徐国飞
吴小康
杜姗
朱智平
李源
严康
Original Assignee
浙江联宜电机有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江联宜电机有限公司 filed Critical 浙江联宜电机有限公司
Publication of WO2024066552A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024066552A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/55—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at crank shafts parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • B62M7/02—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with engine between front and rear wheels
    • B62M7/04—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with engine between front and rear wheels below the frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/24—Devices for sensing torque, or actuated thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of mid-mounted motors, and in particular to a mid-mounted motor for an electric power-assisted bicycle.
  • the mid-mounted motors used in electric-assisted bicycles on the market mainly achieve the set torque requirements through planetary reducers or parallel shaft reducers.
  • the mid-mounted motors manufactured using planetary reducers or parallel shaft reducers are heavy and large in size, which increases the overall weight of the bicycle and occupies a large space. Therefore, a small and light motor is needed to be applied to the bicycle to reduce the overall weight of the bicycle while ensuring the operating power.
  • the Chinese invention patent with application number 202011117764.0 is a harmonic reduction mid-mounted motor for an electric vehicle, including an inner circle of a central axis bracket installed on an electric vehicle frame, with a built-in hub motor inside, a pulley-type harmonic generator, a flexible gear ring and a rigid gear ring forming an external harmonic reducer, which is located on the periphery of the built-in hub motor, and the deformation of the left and right ends of the flexible gear ring is symmetrical and consistent, so that the elliptical outer gear ring and the rigid inner gear ring are engaged in parallel and uniformly, and the length of the left and right ends of the flexible gear ring is very short, which reduces the axial dimension of the harmonic reduction mid-mounted motor of the electric vehicle.
  • the Hall sensor outputs a signal to realize whether the electric vehicle is assisted, instead of controlling whether the electric vehicle is assisted based on torque.
  • the Hall sensor When the user needs to slow down or drive at a low speed, it is easy to cause the system to misjudge and add motor assistance, resulting in the vehicle speed being unable to slow down, and the user's usage intention cannot be accurately met.
  • the present invention aims to provide a mid-mounted motor for an electric power-assisted bicycle.
  • a torque sensor By providing a torque sensor, the torque between the human power part and the output shaft is measured and transmitted to the controller end to control whether the motor needs to provide assistance.
  • the motor When the required torque is large and human power cannot provide sufficient torque, the motor is controlled to participate in the drive to provide power for the bicycle's travel. Whether the motor is involved can be controlled more flexibly, and an assistance effect can be provided only when the driving force is insufficient. The assistance is more in line with the user's usage needs.
  • a mid-mounted motor for an electric power-assisted bicycle comprising a housing, a middle shaft, a motor, an output shaft and a harmonic reducer, wherein the middle shaft, the motor and the harmonic reducer are fixed in the housing, the input end of the middle shaft is used to connect to the pedal of the bicycle, the output end of the middle shaft is connected to the output shaft, a torque sensor is provided on the middle shaft, one end of the torque sensor is connected to the middle shaft, and the other end of the torque sensor is connected to the output shaft, the motor comprises a stator and a rotor, the stator is sleeved on the outside of the rotor, the rotor is located on the outer ring of the middle shaft, the input end of the harmonic reducer is connected to the rotor, and the output end of the harmonic reducer is connected to the output shaft.
  • a torque sensor is provided to measure the relative torque between the middle shaft and the output shaft input by human power to determine whether it is necessary to intervene in electric power to assist the drive.
  • the motor is controlled to participate in the drive to provide power for the travel of the bicycle, and the motor is more flexibly controlled to participate in the drive, and the power-assist effect can be provided only when the driving force is insufficient, so that the power-assist effect is more in line with the user's use needs.
  • a clutch mechanism is provided in the housing, and the clutch mechanism is used to engage or separate the output shaft with the middle shaft or the output end of the harmonic reducer.
  • a clutch mechanism is provided, and the clutch mechanism separates the output shaft, the middle shaft and the motor, so that human and electric transmission do not interfere with each other.
  • the middle shaft is connected to the output shaft, and the vehicle is driven forward by manpower.
  • the clutch mechanism allows electric power to intervene, and the output end of the motor, that is, the output end of the harmonic reducer, is engaged with the output shaft, so that electric power assists the drive, and the middle shaft and the output shaft can also be separated, so that the vehicle is driven forward by the pure motor.
  • the clutch mechanism comprises an outer ratchet, an inner ratchet and a plurality of stop blocks, the inner ratchet and the outer ratchet are both provided with convex teeth, the inner ratchet is fixed on the output shaft, the outer ratchet is fixed on the outer side of the inner ratchet, the convex teeth on the inner ratchet face the central shaft, the convex teeth on the outer ratchet face the inner ratchet, and the stop block is used to engage with the convex teeth on the outer ratchet or the convex teeth on the inner ratchet.
  • the clutch function of the clutch mechanism is realized by providing a ratchet, the convex teeth are matched with the stop block, and the relative movement trend between the convex teeth and the stop block is used to transmit the power.
  • the ratchet is driven to rotate.
  • the ratchet wheels are not transmitted, forming an intermittent transmission form, which has a simple structure and is easy to install.
  • the stop block includes a spring and a fixed block fixed on the spring, the outer ratchet and the inner ratchet are both provided with grooves, one end of the spring is fixed in the groove, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the fixed block.
  • the stop block is entirely arranged in the groove, the spring is supported by the bottom of the groove, the movable fixed block extends out of the groove and engages with the convex teeth to form a transmission, forming a combined structure of the clutch structure, and the movable fixed block can be retracted into the groove to form a separated form of the clutch structure.
  • one side of the convex tooth is an inclined slope, and the other side of the convex tooth is arranged radially, and the width of the fixing block is smaller than the width of the groove.
  • the convex tooth is arranged in a sawtooth shape, which is suitable for bearing a unidirectional load, forming a unidirectional transmission of the ratchet, and a structure of stopping in the other direction.
  • the width of the fixing block is smaller than the width of the groove so that the fixing block can move radially, and it is convenient for the fixing block to slide along the inclined surface of the convex tooth.
  • the height of the fixed block is less than the depth of the groove.
  • the height of the fixed block is less than the depth of the groove, which facilitates the fixed block to be completely inserted into the groove.
  • the fixed block can be completely separated from the range of the convex teeth, so that the ratchets do not transmit the power, forming a separation form of the clutch structure.
  • the fixed block can be completely inserted into the groove when sliding along the inclined surface, and there is no gap between each convex tooth and the adjacent ratchet, which prevents the fixed block from sliding to the next convex tooth when sliding along the inclined surface, thereby increasing the stability of the transmission structure.
  • the clutch mechanism includes a middle shaft attachment, the middle shaft attachment is connected to the output shaft through a bearing, and one end of the torque sensor is connected to the output shaft by connecting to the middle shaft attachment.
  • the middle shaft attachment is used to transmit the torque of the output shaft to the torque sensor, and the middle shaft attachment is provided with a bearing to stabilize the structure and withstand sufficient radial load.
  • one side of the central shaft attachment is connected to the central shaft through a needle bearing, and the other side of the central shaft attachment is also connected to the output shaft through a needle bearing, and a deep groove ball bearing for axial limiting is also provided between the central shaft attachment and the output shaft.
  • a needle bearing By providing a needle bearing, not only can a larger radial load be borne to better fix the central shaft attachment, but also the radial dimension can be compressed, thereby making the overall structure more compact.
  • the friction resistance of the needle bearing is small, the mechanical efficiency is higher, and it is convenient to combine when applied to the clutch mechanism, so as to start faster.
  • a deep groove ball bearing is provided to bear the axial load, which is convenient for axial limiting when installing the flywheel or other parts, and improves the convenience and qualified rate of installation.
  • a mid-mounted motor for an electric power-assisted bicycle comprises a control board and a motor case cover, wherein the control board is used to control the motor, the motor case cover is arranged outside the motor, and the motor case cover is connected and fixed to the harmonic reducer through a bearing.
  • the control board is arranged to input the signal sensed by the torque sensor and output a control instruction to the motor, thereby realizing the function of the motor-assisted bicycle.
  • the harmonic reducer and the motor are both sleeved outside the central shaft, and the harmonic reducer includes a wave generator, which is fixedly connected to the motor rotor, and the wave generator is connected to the motor case cover through a ball bearing.
  • the wave generator and the motor rotor are fixed as one by pressing and dispensing glue, so that the output end of the motor is directly connected to the harmonic reducer, and the structure is more compact.
  • the advantages of the present invention are as follows: by providing a torque sensor, the torque between the human part and the output shaft is measured and transmitted to the controller end to control whether the motor needs to provide assistance.
  • the motor is controlled to participate in the drive to provide power for the bicycle to travel. Whether the motor is involved can be controlled more flexibly, and an assistance effect can be provided only when the driving force is insufficient. The assistance is more in line with the user's usage needs.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a mid-mounted motor for an electric-assisted bicycle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a first working state diagram of the mid-mounted motor clutch mechanism for an electric power-assisted bicycle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a second working state diagram of the mid-mounted motor clutch mechanism for the electric power-assisted bicycle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a third working state diagram of the mid-mounted motor clutch mechanism for the electric power-assisted bicycle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a fourth working state diagram of the mid-mounted motor clutch mechanism for the electric power-assisted bicycle of the present invention.
  • a mid-mounted motor for an electric assisted bicycle includes a housing 1, a middle shaft 2, a motor 3, an output shaft 4 and a harmonic reducer 5.
  • the middle shaft 2, the motor 3 and the harmonic reducer 5 are fixed in the housing 1.
  • the input end of the middle shaft 2 is used to connect to the pedal of the bicycle, and the output end of the middle shaft 2 is connected to the output shaft 4.
  • a torque sensor 6 is provided on the middle shaft 2.
  • One end of the torque sensor 6 is connected to the middle shaft 2, and the other end of the torque sensor 6 is connected to the output shaft 4.
  • the motor 3 includes a stator 31 and a rotor 32.
  • the stator 31 is sleeved on the outside of the rotor 32.
  • the rotor 32 is located on the outer ring of the middle shaft 2.
  • the input end of the harmonic reducer 5 is connected to the rotor 32, and the output end of the harmonic reducer 5 is connected to the output shaft 4.
  • a torque sensor 6 is provided to measure the relative torque between the middle shaft 2 input by human power and the output shaft 4 to determine whether electric power needs to be intervened to assist in driving.
  • the motor 3 is controlled to participate in the driving to provide power for the bicycle's movement.
  • the motor 3 is more flexibly controlled to participate in the driving to provide assistance when the driving force is insufficient. The assistance is more in line with the user's needs.
  • the torque sensor is installed between the middle shaft 2 and the output shaft 4. Data feedback will only be provided when there is a relative torque between the middle shaft 2 and the output shaft 4, thereby increasing the safety and response speed of the overall motor 3.
  • a clutch mechanism 7 is provided in the housing 1.
  • the clutch mechanism 7 is used to engage or separate the output shaft 4 with the middle shaft 2 or the output end of the harmonic reducer 5.
  • the clutch mechanism 7 includes an outer ratchet 71, an inner ratchet 72 and a stopper 73.
  • the inner ratchet 72 and the outer ratchet 71 are both provided with convex teeth 8.
  • Each stopper 73 corresponds to each convex tooth 8.
  • the inner ratchet 72 is fixed on the output shaft 4, and the outer ratchet 71 is fixed on the outer side of the inner ratchet 72.
  • the convex teeth 8 on the inner ratchet 72 face the middle shaft 2, and the convex teeth 8 on the outer ratchet 71 face the inner ratchet 72.
  • the stop block 73 is used to be engaged with the convex tooth 8 on the outer ratchet 71 or the convex tooth 8 on the inner ratchet 72.
  • the stop block 73 includes a spring 9 and a fixed block 10 fixed on the spring 9.
  • a groove 11 is provided on the outer ratchet 71 and the inner ratchet 72.
  • One end of the spring 9 is fixed in the groove 11, and the other end of the spring 9 is fixedly connected to the fixed block 10.
  • One side of the convex tooth 8 is an inclined slope, and the other side of the convex tooth 8 is arranged radially.
  • the width of the fixed block 10 is smaller than the width of the groove 11, and the height of the fixed block 10 is smaller than the depth of the groove 11.
  • a clutch mechanism 7 is provided, which separates the output shaft 4, the middle shaft 2 and the motor 3 so that human and electric transmission do not interfere with each other. In normal use, only the middle shaft 2 is connected to the output shaft 4, and the vehicle is driven forward by manpower. When the torque is insufficient and climbing is required, the clutch mechanism 7 allows electric power to intervene, and the output end of the motor 3, that is, the output end of the harmonic reducer 5, is connected to the output shaft 4 to enable electric auxiliary drive.
  • the middle shaft 2 and the output shaft 4 can also be separated so that the vehicle is driven forward by the motor 3 alone.
  • the stop block 73 When in use, the stop block 73 is completely set in the groove 11, and the spring 9 is supported by the bottom of the groove 11.
  • the movable fixed block 10 extends out of the groove 11 and engages with the convex tooth 8 to form a transmission, forming a combined structure of the clutch structure.
  • the movable fixed block 10 can also be retracted into the groove 11 to form a separated form of the clutch structure.
  • the convex tooth 8 is set to be sawtooth-like, which is suitable for bearing unidirectional loads, forming a unidirectional transmission of the ratchet and a structure for stopping in the other direction.
  • the width of the fixed block 10 is smaller than the width of the groove 11, so that the fixed block 10 can move radially, which facilitates the fixed block 10 to slide along the inclined surface of the convex tooth 8.
  • the clutch mechanism 7 includes a middle shaft attachment 12, which is connected to the output shaft 4 through a bearing, and one end of the torque sensor 6 is connected to the output shaft 4 by connecting to the middle shaft attachment 12.
  • the middle shaft attachment 12 is used to transmit the torque of the output shaft 4 to the torque sensor 6, and the middle shaft attachment 12 is provided with a bearing to stabilize the structure and withstand sufficient radial load.
  • One side of the middle shaft attachment 12 is connected to the middle shaft 2 through a needle bearing 14, and the other side of the middle shaft attachment 12 is also connected to the output shaft 4 through a needle bearing 14.
  • a deep groove ball bearing 15 for axial limit is also provided between the middle shaft attachment 12 and the output shaft 4.
  • the multi-layer needle roller structure separates the central shaft 2, the power output part of the motor 3, the output shaft 4, and the torque sensor part, making the structure as compact as possible while being able to withstand very high radial loads.
  • the needle roller bearing 14 has low friction resistance and higher mechanical efficiency. It is convenient to combine with the clutch mechanism 7, thereby starting faster.
  • a deep groove ball bearing 15 is provided to withstand axial loads, which is convenient for axial limiting when installing flywheels or other parts, thereby improving the convenience and pass rate of installation.
  • a mid-mounted motor for an electric power-assisted bicycle includes a control board 17 and a motor case cover 16.
  • the control board 17 is used to control the motor 3.
  • the motor case cover 16 is set on the outside of the motor 3.
  • the motor case cover 16 is connected to and fixed to the harmonic reducer 5 through a bearing.
  • the control board 17 is set to input the signal sensed by the torque sensor 6 and output a control instruction to the motor 3, thereby realizing the function of the motor 3 power-assisted bicycle.
  • the harmonic reducer 5 and the motor 3 are both sleeved outside the central axis 2.
  • the harmonic reducer 5 includes a wave generator 13.
  • the wave generator 13 is fixedly connected to the rotor 32 of the motor 3, and the wave generator 13 is connected to the motor case cover 16 through a ball bearing.
  • the wave generator 13 and the rotor 32 of the motor 3 are fixed as a whole by pressing and dispensing glue, so that the output end of the motor 3 is directly connected to the harmonic reducer 5, and the structure is more compact.
  • the outer ratchet 71 and the central axis 2 of the manual pedal power part are both in a stationary state.
  • the stop block 73 is acted upon by the inclined surface, the spring 9 is compressed, the fixed block 10 moves, and the output shaft 4 can run freely clockwise.
  • the outer ratchet 71 When the bicycle is driven by human power only, as shown in FIG3 , the outer ratchet 71 is in a stationary state, the middle shaft 2 moves clockwise under the action of human power, and the spring 9 pushes the fixing block 10 out and locks with the convex teeth 8 of the outer ratchet 71 on the output shaft 4, driving the output shaft 4 to move clockwise.
  • the fixing block 10 on the outer stop block 73 is compressed by the inclined surface, and the spring 9 is completely separated from the outer ratchet 71.
  • the outer ratchet 71 runs clockwise under the action of the motor 3
  • the middle shaft 2 runs clockwise under the action of human power.
  • the inner and outer springs 9 both push the fixing block 10 out and lock it with the convex teeth 8 of the outer ratchet 71 and the inner ratchet 72 , thereby jointly driving the output shaft 4 to run clockwise.
  • the magnitude of the motor 3 and the human power is allocated by the control board 17 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种电助力自行车用中置电机，涉及中置电机领域，中置电机包括箱体（1）、中轴（2）、电机（3）、输出轴（4）和谐波减速器（5），中轴（2）、电机（3）和谐波减速器（5）固定在箱体（1）内，中轴（2）的输入端用于连接自行车的踏板，中轴（2）的输出端连接输出轴（4），中轴（2）上设有扭矩传感器（6），扭矩传感器（6）一端连接中轴（2），扭矩传感器（6）的另一端连接输出轴（4），电机（3）包括定子（31）和转子（32），定子（31）套设在转子（32）外侧，转子（32）位于中轴（2）的外圈，谐波减速器（5）的输入端连接转子（32），谐波减速器（5）的输出端连接输出轴（4）。通过设置有扭矩传感器（6），更加灵活地控制电机（3）是否参与，能够在驱动力不足的情况下才提供助力效果，助力更加贴合使用者的使用需求。

Description

电助力自行车用中置电机 技术领域
本发明涉及中置电机领域，尤其是涉及一种电助力自行车用中置电机。
 背景技术
目前市场上电助力自行车所用中置电机，主要通过行星减速器或平行轴减速器达到设定的扭矩要求，使用行星减速器或平行轴减速器制造的中置电机，质量重，体积大，使得自行车整体重量增加且占用空间大，因此需要一款体积小，重量轻的电机来应用到自行车中，在保证运行功率的同时，使得自行车整体的重量下降。
例如申请号为202011117764.0的中国发明专利，专利名称为一种电动车谐波减速中置电机，包括安装在电动车架的中轴支架的内圆，内部设有内置轮毂电机，滑轮式谐波发生器与柔性齿圈和刚性齿圈组成外置谐波减速器，位于内置轮毂电机的外围，柔性齿圈左、右端的变形是对称的、一致的，使椭圆形外齿圈与刚性内齿圈啮合平行、均匀，柔性齿圈左、右端的长度很短，使电动车谐波减速中置电机的轴向尺度缩小，但该发明中通过霍尔传感器输出信号来实现电车是否助力，而不是关于扭矩来控制电车是否助力，当使用者需要减速或者低速行驶时，容易导致系统误判而加入电机助力，导致车速无法放缓，无法准确满足使用者的使用意愿。
 技术问题
本发明旨在提供一种电助力自行车用中置电机，通过设置有扭矩传感器，将人力部分与输出轴之间的力矩测量之后，传递到控制器端，控制电机是否需要进行助力，当需要的扭矩较大，而人力无法提供足够的扭矩时，控制电机参与到驱动中来，为自行车的行驶提供动力，更加灵活地控制电机是否参与，能够在驱动力不足的情况下才提供助力效果，助力更加贴合使用者的使用需求。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种电助力自行车用中置电机，包括箱体、中轴、电机、输出轴和谐波减速器，所述中轴、电机和谐波减速器固定在箱体内，所述中轴的输入端用于连接自行车的踏板，中轴的输出端连接所述输出轴，中轴上设有扭矩传感器，所述扭矩传感器一端连接中轴，扭矩传感器的另一端连接输出轴，所述电机包括定子和转子，所述定子套设在转子外侧，所述转子位于中轴的外圈，所述谐波减速器的输入端连接转子，谐波减速器的输出端连接所述输出轴。设置有扭矩传感器来测量人力输入的中轴与输出轴之间的相对力矩，来判断是否需要介入电力来辅助驱动，当需要的扭矩较大，而人力无法提供足够的扭矩时，控制电机参与到驱动中来，为自行车的行驶提供动力，更加灵活地控制电机是否参与，能够在驱动力不足的情况下才提供助力效果，助力更加贴合使用者的使用需求。
作为优选，箱体内设有离合机构，离合机构用于将所述输出轴与所述中轴或谐波减速器的输出端接合或分开。设置有离合机构，离合机构将输出轴、中轴和电机分开，使人力和电力传动互不干涉，常规使用时，仅将中轴与输出轴连接，通过人力驱动车辆前进，当转矩不够需要爬坡等情况时，离合机构使得电力介入，通过将电机的输出端即谐波减速器的输出端与输出轴接合，使得电力辅助驱动，也可以分离中轴与输出轴，使得纯电机来驱动车辆前进。
作为优选，离合机构包括外棘轮、内棘轮和若干止动块，所述内棘轮和外棘轮上均设有凸齿，所述内棘轮固定在所述输出轴上，所述外棘轮固定在内棘轮的外侧，所述内棘轮上的凸齿朝向所述中轴，所述外棘轮上的凸齿朝向内棘轮，所述止动块用于与外棘轮上的凸齿或内棘轮上的凸齿卡接在一起。通过设置棘轮，实现所述离合机构的离合功能，将凸齿与止动块相互配合，利用凸齿与止动块相对运动趋势来传动，止动块与凸齿卡接时带动棘轮转动，止动块与凸齿不接触时，棘轮之间不传动，形成间歇传动的形式，结构简单，安装方便。
作为优选，止动块包括弹簧和固定在弹簧上的固定块，所述外棘轮和内棘轮上均设置有凹槽，所述弹簧一端固定在凹槽内，弹簧的另一端与固定块固定连接。将止动块整个设置在凹槽内，弹簧以凹槽底部作为支撑，可移动固定块伸出凹槽与凸齿卡接形成传动，构成离合结构的结合结构，也可移动固定块缩回凹槽内，构成离合结构的分离形式。
作为优选，凸齿的一个侧边为倾斜的斜坡，凸齿的另一个侧边沿径向设置，所述固定块的宽度小于凹槽的宽度。设置凸齿形似锯齿状，适合承受单向载荷，构成棘轮的单向传动，另一方向止动的结构，固定块的宽度小于凹槽的宽度使得固定块可沿径向移动，方便固定块沿凸齿的斜面滑动。
作为优选，固定块的高度小于凹槽的深度。固定块的高度小于凹槽的深度方便固定块完全卡入到凹槽内，一方面可以使得固定块完全脱离凸齿的范围，使棘轮之间不传动，形成离合结构的分离形式，另一方面可以使得固定块再沿斜面滑动的时候完全进入到凹槽内，各凸齿与相邻的棘轮之间没有间隙，避免固定块沿斜面滑动时窜动到下一个凸齿处，增加传动结构的稳定性。
作为优选，离合机构包括中轴附件，所述中轴附件通过轴承与输出轴连接，所述扭矩传感器的一端通过与中轴附件连接来连接输出轴。设置中轴附件用于传递输出轴的扭矩到扭矩传感器处，同时中轴附件设置轴承来使结构稳定，承受足够的径向载荷。
作为优选，中轴附件的一侧通过滚针轴承与所述中轴连接，中轴附件的另一侧也通过滚针轴承与所述输出轴连接，中轴附件与输出轴间还设有用于轴向限位的深沟球轴承。通过设置滚针轴承，不仅能承受较大的径向载荷来更好地固定中轴附件，同时也可以使得径向尺寸被压缩，从而使得整体的结构更加紧凑，同时滚针轴承的摩擦阻力小，机械效率更高，应用在离合机构处方便结合，从而更快地启动，同时设置有深沟球轴承，用于承受轴向载荷，便于在安装飞轮或其他零件时进行轴向限位，提高安装的便利性和合格率。
作为优选，一种电助力自行车用中置电机包括控制板和电机箱盖，所述控制板用于控制电机，所述电机箱盖盖设在电机外侧，电机箱盖通过轴承连接固定所述谐波减速器。设置控制板，将扭矩传感器感受到的信号输入后，输出控制指令给电机，从而实现电机助力自行车的功能。
作为优选，谐波减速器和电机均套设在中轴外，所述谐波减速器包括波发生器，所述波发生器与电机转子固定连接，且波发生器通过球轴承与所述电机箱盖连接。将波发生器与电机转子通过压装点胶固定为一体，使得电机输出端直接接谐波减速器，结构更为紧凑。
 有益效果
本发明具有的优点：通过设置有扭矩传感器，将人力部分与输出轴之间的力矩测量之后，传递到控制器端，控制电机是否需要进行助力，当需要的扭矩较大，而人力无法提供足够的扭矩时，控制电机参与到驱动中来，为自行车的行驶提供动力，更加灵活地控制电机是否参与，能够在驱动力不足的情况下才提供助力效果，助力更加贴合使用者的使用需求。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的电助力自行车用中置电机的结构图。
图2为本发明的电助力自行车用中置电机离合机构的工作状态图一。
图3为本发明的电助力自行车用中置电机离合机构的工作状态图二。
图4为本发明的电助力自行车用中置电机离合机构的工作状态图三。
图5为本发明的电助力自行车用中置电机离合机构的工作状态图四。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面根据附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
由图1所示，一种电助力自行车用中置电机，包括箱体1、中轴2、电机3、输出轴4和谐波减速器5，中轴2、电机3和谐波减速器5固定在箱体1内，中轴2的输入端用于连接自行车的踏板，中轴2的输出端连接输出轴4，中轴2上设有扭矩传感器6，扭矩传感器6一端连接中轴2，扭矩传感器6的另一端连接输出轴4，电机3包括定子31和转子32，定子31套设在转子32外侧，转子32位于中轴2的外圈，谐波减速器5的输入端连接转子32，谐波减速器5的输出端连接输出轴4。设置有扭矩传感器6来测量人力输入的中轴2与输出轴4之间的相对力矩，来判断是否需要介入电力来辅助驱动，当需要的扭矩较大，而人力无法提供足够的扭矩时，控制电机3参与到驱动中来，为自行车的行驶提供动力，更加灵活地控制电机3是否参与，能够在驱动力不足的情况下才提供助力效果，助力更加贴合使用者的使用需求，扭力传感器装配在中轴2和输出轴4之间，仅当中轴2和输出轴4之间有相对力矩时才会有数据反馈，增加了整体电机3的安全性和反应速度。
由图1至图5所示，箱体1内设有离合机构7，离合机构7用于将输出轴4与中轴2或谐波减速器5的输出端接合或分开，离合机构7包括外棘轮71、内棘轮72和止动块73，内棘轮72和外棘轮71上均设有凸齿8，每个止动块73与每个凸齿8相对应，内棘轮72固定在输出轴4上，外棘轮71固定在内棘轮72的外侧，内棘轮72上的凸齿8朝向中轴2，外棘轮71上的凸齿8朝向内棘轮72，止动块73用于与外棘轮71上的凸齿8或内棘轮72上的凸齿8卡接在一起，止动块73包括弹簧9和固定在弹簧9上的固定块10，外棘轮71和内棘轮72上均设置有凹槽11，弹簧9一端固定在凹槽11内，弹簧9的另一端与固定块10固定连接，凸齿8的一个侧边为倾斜的斜坡，凸齿8的另一个侧边沿径向设置，固定块10的宽度小于凹槽11的宽度，固定块10的高度小于凹槽11的深度。设置有离合机构7，离合机构7将输出轴4、中轴2和电机3分开，使人力和电力传动互不干涉，常规使用时，仅将中轴2与输出轴4连接，通过人力驱动车辆前进，当转矩不够需要爬坡等情况时，离合机构7使得电力介入，通过将电机3的输出端即谐波减速器5的输出端与输出轴4接合，使得电力辅助驱动，也可以分离中轴2与输出轴4，使得纯电机3来驱动车辆前进。使用时，将止动块73整个设置在凹槽11内，弹簧9以凹槽11底部作为支撑，可移动固定块10伸出凹槽11与凸齿8卡接形成传动，构成离合结构的结合结构，也可移动固定块10缩回凹槽11内，构成离合结构的分离形式，设置凸齿8形似锯齿状，适合承受单向载荷，构成棘轮的单向传动，另一方向止动的结构，固定块10的宽度小于凹槽11的宽度使得固定块10可沿径向移动，方便固定块10沿凸齿8的斜面滑动。
由图1所示，离合机构7包括中轴附件12，中轴附件12通过轴承与输出轴4连接，扭矩传感器6的一端通过与中轴附件12连接来连接输出轴4。设置中轴附件12用于传递输出轴4的扭矩到扭矩传感器6处，同时中轴附件12设置轴承来使结构稳定，承受足够的径向载荷。中轴附件12的一侧通过滚针轴承14与中轴2连接，中轴附件12的另一侧也通过滚针轴承14与输出轴4连接，中轴附件12与输出轴4间还设有用于轴向限位的深沟球轴承15。多层滚针结构将中轴2，电机3的动力输出部分，输出轴4，扭力传感器部分分离开来，在可承受很高的径向载荷的同时将结构尽量紧凑，同时滚针轴承14的摩擦阻力小，机械效率更高，应用在离合机构7处方便结合，从而更快地启动，同时设置有深沟球轴承15，用于承受轴向载荷，便于在安装飞轮或其他零件时进行轴向限位，提高安装的便利性和合格率。
由图1所示，一种电助力自行车用中置电机包括控制板17和电机箱盖16，控制板17用于控制电机3，电机箱盖16盖设在电机3外侧，电机箱盖16通过轴承连接固定谐波减速器5。设置控制板17，将扭矩传感器6感受到的信号输入后，输出控制指令给电机3，从而实现电机3助力自行车的功能。谐波减速器5和电机3均套设在中轴2外，谐波减速器5包括波发生器13，波发生器13与电机3转子32固定连接，且波发生器13通过球轴承与电机箱盖16连接。将波发生器13与电机3转子32通过压装点胶固定为一体，使得电机3输出端直接接谐波减速器5，结构更为紧凑。
具体使用中存在以下四种情况，当下坡滑行过程，电机3和人均不出力。
如图2所示，外棘轮71与人工脚踏动力部分的中轴2均处于静止状态，输出轴4顺时针运行时，止动块73在斜面作用下，弹簧9被压缩，固定块10移动，输出轴4可自由顺时针运行。
当仅有人力驱动自行车运行时，如图3所示，外棘轮71处于静止状态，中轴2在人力的作用下顺时针运行，弹簧9将固定块10顶出与输出轴4上的外棘轮71的凸齿8卡死，带动输出轴4顺时针运行。外侧的止动块73上的固定块10在斜面作用下，弹簧9被压缩，与外棘轮71完全脱离。
当仅有电机3驱动自行车运行时，如图4所示，人工脚踏动力部分的中轴2处于静止状态，外棘轮71在电机3的作用下顺时针运行，弹簧9将固定块10顶出与外棘轮71的凸齿8卡死，带动输出轴4顺时针运行。内侧的止动块73在斜面作用下，弹簧9被压缩，与中轴2完全脱离。
当电机3与人力共同驱动自行车运行时，如图5所示，外棘轮71在电机3的作用下顺时针运行，同时中轴2在人力的作用下顺时针运行，内外侧的弹簧9均将固定块10顶出与外棘轮71和内棘轮72的凸齿8卡死，共同带动输出轴4顺时针运行，电机3与人力的大小由控制板17来分配。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：包括箱体、中轴、电机、输出轴和谐波减速器，所述中轴、电机和谐波减速器固定在箱体内，所述中轴的输入端用于连接自行车的踏板，中轴的输出端连接所述输出轴，中轴上设有扭矩传感器，所述扭矩传感器一端连接中轴，扭矩传感器的另一端连接输出轴，所述电机包括定子和转子，所述定子套设在转子外侧，所述转子位于中轴的外圈，所述谐波减速器的输入端连接转子，谐波减速器的输出端连接所述输出轴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述箱体内设有离合机构，离合机构用于将所述输出轴与所述中轴或谐波减速器的输出端接合或分开。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述离合机构包括外棘轮、内棘轮和若干止动块，所述内棘轮和外棘轮上均设有凸齿，所述内棘轮固定在所述输出轴上，所述外棘轮固定在内棘轮的外侧，所述内棘轮上的凸齿朝向所述中轴，所述外棘轮上的凸齿朝向内棘轮，所述止动块用于与外棘轮上的凸齿或与内棘轮上的凸齿卡接在一起。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述止动块包括弹簧和固定在弹簧上的固定块，所述外棘轮和内棘轮上均设置有凹槽，所述弹簧一端固定在凹槽内，弹簧的另一端与固定块固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述凸齿的一个侧边为倾斜的斜坡，凸齿的另一个侧边沿径向设置，所述固定块的宽度小于凹槽的宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述固定块的高度小于凹槽的深度。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3或4或5或6所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述离合机构包括中轴附件，所述中轴附件通过轴承与输出轴连接，所述扭矩传感器的一端通过与中轴附件连接来连接输出轴。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述中轴附件的一侧通过滚针轴承与所述中轴连接，中轴附件的另一侧也通过滚针轴承与所述输出轴连接，中轴附件与输出轴间还设有用于轴向限位的深沟球轴承。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：包括控制板和电机箱盖，所述控制板用于控制电机，所述电机箱盖盖设在电机外侧，电机箱盖通过轴承连接固定所述谐波减速器。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电助力自行车用中置电机，其特征在于：所述谐波减速器和电机均套设在中轴外，所述谐波减速器包括波发生器，所述波发生器与电机转子固定连接，且波发生器通过球轴承与所述电机箱盖连接。
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