WO2024066367A1 - 一种牙根尖定位测量装置 - Google Patents

一种牙根尖定位测量装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024066367A1
WO2024066367A1 PCT/CN2023/092885 CN2023092885W WO2024066367A1 WO 2024066367 A1 WO2024066367 A1 WO 2024066367A1 CN 2023092885 W CN2023092885 W CN 2023092885W WO 2024066367 A1 WO2024066367 A1 WO 2024066367A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sliding member
positioning
host
measuring device
step portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/092885
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王宏灿
荆涛
孙桂林
张立宇
Original Assignee
常州赛乐医疗技术有限公司
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Application filed by 常州赛乐医疗技术有限公司 filed Critical 常州赛乐医疗技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024066367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024066367A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
    • A61C19/042—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry for determining the position of a root apex
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
    • A61C19/041—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry for measuring the length of the root canal of a tooth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of dental auxiliary tools, and in particular to a tooth root apex positioning and measuring device.
  • Root canal therapy also known as endodontic treatment, is a surgical procedure in dentistry for treating pulp necrosis and root infection.
  • the steps involved include the root canal preparation stage.
  • the end point of the prepared root apex is required to stop at the odontocerebri, that is, the junction of the pulp tissue and the periapical tissue. If the file exceeds this position, it will cause trauma and inflammation to the periapical components; therefore, before root canal preparation, it is crucial to accurately measure the working length of the root canal.
  • JP2008068015A disclosed a "root canal length measuring instrument" on March 27, 2008, as shown in FIG1 , which provides a scale extending in a horizontal direction on the surface of the shell of the root canal length measuring instrument, and a handheld file needle is held to fit the scale to more conveniently observe the root canal length;
  • the Korean patent with the publication number KR101924314B1 disclosed a "Device for measuring and setting the apex length of a dental file” on December 3, 2018.
  • the device is provided with a measuring sensor on the side wall of the root canal length measuring device and a display screen is installed on the device.
  • the handheld file needle is placed on the measuring sensor, and the insertion depth of the file needle is measured by an electric control method and displayed on the display screen to achieve the measurement of the root canal length.
  • the present invention provides a tooth apex positioning and measuring device, which adopts structural improvement and electric control measurement to improve the accuracy of root canal length measurement.
  • a tooth root apex positioning and measuring device comprising:
  • a positioning component includes a host having a display screen
  • a base assembly is connected to the host in a separate or integrated manner, and the base assembly includes a shell, a placement block arranged on the shell, and a distance measuring mechanism arranged corresponding to the placement block;
  • the distance measuring mechanism includes a sliding member arranged in parallel with the placing block, a driving member for driving the sliding member to move, and an identification member fixed on the sliding member, and also includes a PCB circuit board arranged opposite to the sliding member, and a distance measuring unit is connected to the sliding member and/or the PCB circuit board, and the distance measuring unit is used to measure the relative movement distance of the sliding member;
  • the placement block has a placement groove corresponding to the file needle float
  • the PCB circuit board is connected to the display screen, and when the sliding part moves to the point where the identification part points to the end of the file needle, the display screen displays the value of the root canal length according to the test data of the ranging unit.
  • the base assembly is pluggably connected to the host, and the shell has a card slot matching the bottom of the host.
  • the PCB circuit board is fixed in the housing and has a connector protruding from the card slot, the connector is electrically connected to the host, and the host has a rechargeable power supply.
  • the host is also connected to a data cable, and the data cable is respectively connected to a lip hook and a file clamp for clamping a file needle, which is used for positioning the root apex.
  • the shell has a stepped fixing portion
  • the stepped fixing portion includes an upper step portion and a lower step portion
  • the placement block is detachably fixed on the lower step portion
  • a positioning magnetic steel is provided on the contact surface between the placement block and the lower step portion, and the positioning magnetic steel is used to adsorb the placement block onto the lower step portion.
  • the distance measuring unit is a capacitive grating sensor, a grating sensor or a laser distance measuring sensor.
  • the distance measuring unit is a capacitive grid sensor, comprising a moving grid fixed to the bottom of the sliding member and a fixed grid fixed to the PCB circuit board and arranged opposite to the moving grid, and when the moving grid moves relative to the fixed grid, the PCB circuit board calculates the moving distance and displays it on the display screen;
  • the driving member is a knob rotatably connected to the housing, a rack is provided on the side wall of the sliding member, and a gear meshing with the rack is provided at the bottom of the knob.
  • the identification member is a pointer extending to the upper step portion, a scale is also fixed on the surface of the upper step portion, and a measurement starting end of the scale is aligned with the inner side of the placement groove of the placement block.
  • a transparent protective cover is also provided on the upper step portion, and the transparent protective cover is snap-connected to the upper step portion.
  • the present invention arranges a placement block on the base assembly so that the file needle to be measured is fixed in the placement groove, thereby avoiding hand-held operation, and drives the sliding member to move by the driving member, so that when the identification member connected to the sliding member moves to the tip position of the file needle to be measured, the distance measuring unit automatically measures and displays the root canal length on the display screen of the host; through the above arrangement, the measurement error caused by the hand-held file needle is avoided, and the accuracy obtained by the arrangement of the electric control distance measuring unit is higher than that of the existing scale, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of subsequent surgical treatment.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a root canal length measuring instrument in the background art
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring and setting the vertex length of a dental file in the background art
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a use scenario of the tooth root apex positioning and measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a base assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a base assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the placement block when placing the file needle in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the host and the base assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the installation explosion of the base assembly and the placement block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a driving member, a sliding member, an identification member and a moving gate according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a marking member in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the moving gate in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a PCB circuit board and a fixed grid in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG13 is a top view of a tooth root apex positioning and measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG14 is a partial enlarged view of point A in FIG13 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG15 is a top view of a tooth root apex positioning and measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the line B-B in Fig. 15 in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Root apex positioning is an existing technology, which uses the principle that the impedance between the gingival sulcus and the oral mucosa is equal to the impedance between the periodontal membrane and the oral mask to locate the root apex.
  • the method adopted in the prior art, as described in the background technology is one of measuring by observing the value of the scale with the naked eye, but the inventor found that due to the limited accuracy of the scale, the general accuracy is up to 1mm, and it is impossible to continue to read the accurate reading of the decimal point after the millimeter; the other is to use an electric control measurement method to achieve it.
  • the applicant used the electric control method for measurement, it was found that hand-held operation would still cause errors.
  • the applicant applied for "A measuring instrument for automatically measuring the positioning length of a root canal file" on April 14, 2022, with application number 2022220870083.X. It is by placing the file needle into the opening. During the entry process, the needle tip contacts the internal moving grid and moves it until the float on the file needle reaches the limit position and the moving grid stops translating. At this time, the displacement of the moving grid and the fixed grid is collected by the sensor and transmitted to the processor, and finally displayed as a measured value, that is, the root canal length.
  • This solution can theoretically obtain an accurate root canal length, but the inventors have not been able to obtain the correct root canal length in actual clinical use.
  • the file needles used at the beginning are very thin, not rigid enough, and are very easy to bend under external force.
  • the file needle may have been bent by force, which will cause the measurement result to be smaller;
  • the float on the file needle plays a positioning role, and the float is easy to move on the file needle.
  • the inventor believes that in order to improve the accuracy of root canal measurement, in addition to using more accurate measurement methods, the measurement technique also needs to be studied in depth to avoid new and unnecessary errors.
  • the inventive concept of the present invention is that the following part of the embodiment is realized by improving the structure of the measuring instrument. It is an exemplary introduction to reducing the error caused by the measurement technique to the measurement result by improving the structure in the present invention.
  • the tooth root apex positioning and measuring device shown in FIGS. 3 to 16 comprises a main unit 11 and a base assembly 20, wherein:
  • the host 11 has a display screen 15 for displaying the measured length.
  • the host 11 is also used for positioning the root apex.
  • the root apex locator is a prior art.
  • the host 11 is connected with a data cable 12, and the data cable 12 is respectively connected with a lip hook 13 and a file clamp 14 for clamping a file needle.
  • the host 11 and the above components and the internal controller constitute a positioning assembly 10, and the positioning assembly 10 is used to realize the positioning of the root apex.
  • the float on the file needle has reached the measuring position.
  • the file needle is removed from the file clamp 14 to measure the root canal length, that is, the distance between the file needle tip and the float.
  • the base assembly 20 is connected to the host 11 in a separate or integrated manner.
  • the base assembly 20 includes a housing 21, a placement block 22 disposed on the housing 21, and a distance measuring mechanism 23 disposed corresponding to the placement block 22. It should be noted that the base mainly measures the root canal length through the cooperation of the distance measuring mechanism 23 and the placement block 22.
  • the connection between the host 11 and the base assembly 20 may be an integrated connection or a separate connection as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the distance measuring mechanism 23 includes a sliding member 23a arranged parallel to the placement block 22, a driving member 23b for driving the sliding member 23a to move, and an identification member 23c fixed to the sliding member 23a, and also includes a PCB circuit board 23d arranged opposite to the sliding member 23a, the sliding member 23a and/or A distance measuring unit 23e is connected to the PCB circuit board 23d, and the distance measuring unit 23e is used to measure the relative movement distance of the sliding member 23a.
  • the distance measuring unit 23e has multiple implementation forms, such as a laser distance measuring sensor, a grating sensor, or a capacitive grating sensor used in a digital display vernier caliper, and the root canal length on the file needle is measured by measuring the movement distance of the sliding member 23a.
  • the placement block 22 has a placement groove 22a corresponding to the file needle float, the host 11 also has a display screen 15, and the PCB circuit board 23d is connected to the display screen 15.
  • the display screen 15 displays the value of the root canal length according to the test data of the distance measuring unit 23e.
  • the file needle is first placed in the placement block 22.
  • the placement block 22 is shown in FIG6 .
  • the placement block 22 has a through groove along its length direction for the suspended placement of the file needle.
  • the placement groove 22a can be used to fix the position of the buoy.
  • the sliding member 23a drives the pointer to move by rotating the driving member 23b.
  • the moving distance will be synchronously displayed on the display screen 15.
  • the driving member 23b to drive the sliding member 23a, such as by the shape of the screw nut seat.
  • the invention can be used in the following ways: the rotation of the screw rod drives the movement of the nut seat fixed on the sliding member 23a; or the gear rack structure as shown in FIG5 is adopted.
  • the main contribution of the invention is that the file needle is fixed to avoid the influence caused by hand-holding, and the pointer is driven to reach the tip of the file needle and the electric-controlled distance measuring unit 23e with higher accuracy is used to achieve high-precision measurement of the root canal length; that is, by adopting the method that the file needle is fixed and the distance measuring mechanism 23 is moved, and the moving distance of the identification member 23c is identified by the electric-controlled distance measuring unit 23e, the problem of poor accuracy of the scale 24 and large hand-holding error in the prior art is solved at the same time, that is, the invention replaces the existing scale 24 with the electric-controlled distance measuring unit 23e on the one hand to improve the measurement accuracy, and on the other hand, the file needle is fixed and no longer moves, thereby minimizing the error
  • the identification member 23c is not limited to the pointer in the embodiment of the invention, and can also be implemented in other forms, such as setting a color mark on the sliding member 23a, or other structural forms.
  • the host 11 in the embodiment of the present invention also has a memory function, that is, the measured data is stored for later use, thereby improving the convenience and reliability of the operation.
  • the memory function is a conventional prior art and will not be further described here. Detailed introduction.
  • the file to be measured is fixed in the placement groove 22a, thereby avoiding hand-held operation, and the driving member 23b drives the sliding member 23a to move, so that when the identification member 23c connected to the sliding member 23a moves to the tip position of the file to be measured, the distance measuring unit 23e automatically measures and displays the root canal length on the display screen 15 of the host 11; through the above arrangement, the measurement error caused by hand-held file is avoided, and the accuracy obtained by the setting of the electronically controlled distance measuring unit 23e is higher than that obtained by the existing scale 24, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of subsequent surgical treatment.
  • the base assembly 20 is plug-in connected to the host 11, and the housing 21 has a card slot 21a that matches the bottom of the host 11.
  • the card slot 21a is provided to facilitate the positioning of the host 11.
  • the card slot 21a can be provided in a flared shape to facilitate the positioning of the host 11;
  • the PCB circuit board 23d is fixed in the housing 21 and has a connector 23d1 protruding from the card slot 21a.
  • the connector 23d1 is electrically connected to the host 11, and the host 11 has a rechargeable power supply.
  • the card connector here can be a plug-in column, and a matching plug-in slot is provided at the bottom of the host 11.
  • the function of the connector 23d1 is to transmit signals and provide electrical energy.
  • the placement block 22 is detachably fixed to the housing 21.
  • the specific detachability can have various forms, such as snap connection, or fastener connection, etc.;
  • the specific structure of the base assembly 20 is shown in FIG5
  • the shell 21 includes a bottom plate and an upper cover body
  • the PCB circuit board 23d and the sliding member 23a are arranged inside the bottom plate and the cover body
  • the specific fixing structure of the placement block 22 and the identification member 23c is shown in FIG8
  • the shell 21 has a stepped fixing portion
  • the stepped fixing portion includes an upper step portion 21b and a lower step portion 21c
  • the placement block 22 is detachably fixed on the lower step portion 21c.
  • the provision of the stepped fixing portion provides a limiting function for the fixation of the placement block 22, thereby improving the accuracy of the placement of the placement block 22; during the specific fixation, the placement block 22 It is detachably fixed on the lower step portion 21c, and the height of the placement block 22 is slightly lower than the horizontal plane of the upper step portion 21b. In this way, after the file needle is fixed on the placement block 22, it is in a state close to the same horizontal plane as the pointer, thereby further reducing the alignment error between the pointer and the file needle tip.
  • a positioning magnetic steel 21c1 is provided on the contact surface between the placement block 22 and the lower step portion 21c.
  • the positioning magnetic steel 21c1 is used to adsorb the placement block 22 on the lower step portion 21c.
  • the specific position of the positioning magnetic steel 21c1 can be placed on the side wall of the lower step portion 21c, or on the bottom or on the side wall or bottom of the placement block 22. This can be achieved by providing corresponding magnetic adsorption materials. By means of magnetic adsorption, on the one hand, it is easy to fix, and on the other hand, it improves the convenience of operation.
  • the distance measuring unit 23e is a capacitive grid sensor, including a moving grid 23e1 fixed at the bottom of the sliding member 23a and a fixed grid 23e2 fixed on the PCB circuit board 23d and arranged opposite to the moving grid 23e1.
  • the PCB circuit board 23d calculates the moving distance and displays it on the display screen 15; as shown in Figures 11 and 12, the back of the moving grid 23e1 is evenly arranged with grids.
  • the driving member 23b is a knob rotatably connected to the housing 21, the side wall of the sliding member 23a has a rack, and the bottom of the knob has a gear meshing with the rack.
  • the moving grid 23e1 is fixed to the bottom of the sliding member 23a
  • the fixed grid 23e2 is fixed to the PCB circuit board 23d.
  • the rotation of the gear is driven by turning the knob, and the driving amplitude can be controlled by adjusting the gear ratio; as shown in FIG10 and FIG14, the pointer extends from the inside of the housing 21 to the upper step portion 21b, and the pointer is a slender and gradually changing pointed structure.
  • the pointer needle tip is close to the side wall position of the placement block 22, so that the alignment accuracy can be further improved.
  • the doctor turns the knob, as shown in FIG14, and observes with the naked eye that the pointer needle tip reaches the position of the file needle tip and stops rotating. Since this observation is only designed for alignment, it does not involve digital reading, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the alignment of the pointer and the file needle tip is achieved by looking down, which can further reduce the error.
  • a scale 24 is fixed on the surface of the upper step portion 21b, and the measurement start end of the scale 24 is aligned with the inner side of the placement groove 22a of the placement block 22.
  • the scale 24 can be directly engraved on the upper surface of the upper step portion 21b, or it can be realized by fixing the existing scale 24 on the upper step portion 21b; through the setting of the scale 24, it can be used to assist in checking the accuracy of the electric control measurement. If it is realized only by electric control measurement, the accuracy of the measurement cannot be known, and if there is a deviation in the electric control measurement, it is also unknown.
  • the manually read value and the value displayed on the screen can be compared to determine whether there is a deviation; for example, the size measured on the display screen 15 is 5.26mm, and the scale 24 can show that it is about 5mm, which is normal; if the scale 24 is about 4mm, it means that there is a problem with the electric control measurement and maintenance is required.
  • the problem that the existing technology cannot determine whether a fault occurs only by electric control measurement is solved.
  • a transparent protective cover 25 is also provided on the upper step portion 21b, and the transparent protective cover 25 is snap-connected with the upper step portion 21b.
  • the transparent protective cover 25 can make improvements to the structure of the transparent protective cover 25 based on the above-mentioned inventive concept, such as a structure that surrounds the entire stepped fixing portion, and the above-mentioned structural forms all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Abstract

一种牙根尖定位测量装置，属于牙科辅助工具技术领域，包括：主机（11），主机（11）上具有显示屏（15）；底座组件（20），包括壳体（21）、设置在壳体（21）上的放置块（22）以及与放置块（22）对应设置的测距机构（23）；测距机构（23）包括与放置块（22）平行设置的滑移件（23a）、用于驱动滑移件（23a）移动的驱动件（23b）以及固定在滑移件（23a）上的标识件（23c），还包括与滑移件（23a）相对设置的PCB电路板（23d），滑移件（23a）和/或PCB电路板（23d）上连接有测距单元（23e）；通过采用锉针不动测距机构（23）动，且标识件（23c）移动距离通过电控测距单元（23e）来识别并显示在显示屏（15）上的方式，同时解决了现有刻度尺精度差而且手持误差大的问题，提高了手术治疗的精度和效率。

Description

一种牙根尖定位测量装置 技术领域
本发明涉及牙科辅助工具技术领域，尤其涉及一种牙根尖定位测量装置。
背景技术
根管治疗又称牙髓治疗，是牙医学中治疗牙髓坏死和牙根感染的一种手术，其中涉及步骤包括根管预备阶段，在根管预备阶段要求预备后根尖的终点止于牙本骨质界，即牙髓组织与根尖周组织的交接处，若锉针超过此位置，会对根尖周组件造成创伤及炎症；因此，在根管预备前，准确测定根管工作长度是至关重要的。
现有技术中，公开号为JP2008068015A的日本专利于2008年03月27日公开了一种《牙根管长度测量仪》，如图1中所示，其通过在根管长度测量仪外壳表面设置沿水平方向延伸的刻度尺，并且手持锉针将其与刻度尺贴合来更加方便的观测根管长度；
公告号为KR101924314B1的韩国专利于2018年12月03日公开了一种《牙锉的顶点长度测量和设定装置》，如图2中所示，其通过根管长度测量装置的侧壁上设置测量传感器以及在装置上加装显示屏，在具体测量时手持锉针放置在测量传感器上，通过电控方式测量锉针插入的深度并显示在显示屏上来实现根管长度的测量；
然而发明人在实施上述方案时发现，上述测量操作要么需要肉眼去观察、要么需要手持测量，均带来了一定的测量误差。
发明内容
鉴于以上技术问题中的至少一项，本发明提供了一种牙根尖定位测量装置，采用结构改进配合电控测量来提高根管长度测量的精度。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种牙根尖定位测量装置，包括：
定位组件，所述定位组件包括主机，所述主机上具有显示屏；
底座组件，与所述主机分体或一体式连接，所述底座组件包括壳体、设置在所述壳体上的放置块以及与所述放置块对应设置的测距机构；
所述测距机构包括与所述放置块平行设置的滑移件、用于驱动所述滑移件移动的驱动件以及固定在所述滑移件上的标识件，还包括与所述滑移件相对设置的PCB电路板，所述滑移件和/或所述PCB电路板上连接有测距单元，所述测距单元用于测量所述滑移件的相对移动距离；
其中，所述放置块上具有与锉针浮标对应的放置槽，所述PCB电路板与所述显示屏连接，所述滑移件移动至所述标识件指向锉针端部时，所述显示屏根据所述测距单元的测试数据显示根管长度的数值。
优选的，所述底座组件与所述主机插拔连接，所述壳体上具有与所述主机底部相匹配的卡槽。
优选的，所述PCB电路板固定在所述壳体内，且具有凸出于所述卡槽的插接件，所述插接件与所述主机电连接，所述主机内具有可充电电源。
优选的，所述主机上还连接有数据线，所述数据线分别连接有唇钩和用于夹持锉针的锉夹，用于牙根尖的定位。
优选的，所述壳体上具有台阶式固定部，所述台阶式固定部包括上层台阶部和下层台阶部，所述放置块可拆卸地固定在所述下层台阶部上。
优选的，所述放置块与所述下层台阶部的接触面上设置有定位磁钢，所述定位磁钢用于将所述放置块吸附在所述下层台阶部上。
优选的，所述测距单元为容栅传感器、光栅传感器或者激光测距传感器。
优选的，所述测距单元为容栅传感器，包括固定在所述滑移件底部的动栅以及固定在所述PCB电路板上且与所述动栅相对设置的定栅，所述动栅相对所述定栅移动时，所述PCB电路板计算出移动的距离并显示在所述显示屏上；
所述驱动件为转动连接在所述壳体上的旋钮，所述滑移件侧壁上具有齿条，所述旋钮底部具有与所述齿条啮合的齿轮。
优选的，所述标识件为延伸至所述上层台阶部上的指针，所述上层台阶部的表面上还固定有刻度尺，所述刻度尺的测量起始端与所述放置块的放置槽内侧对齐设置。
优选的，所述上层台阶部上还罩设有透明防护罩，所述透明防护罩与所述上层台阶部卡扣连接。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下有益技术效果：
本发明通过在底座组件上设置放置块，使得待测锉针固定在放置槽内，避免了手持操作，并且通过驱动件驱动滑移件的移动，使得与滑移件连接的标识件移动至待测锉针的尖端位置处时，测距单元自动测量并显示根管长度在主机的显示屏上；通过上述设置，避免了手持锉针带来的测量误差，而且通过电控测距单元的设置比现有的刻度尺得出的精度更高，进而提高了后续手术治疗的精准度和效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为背景技术中一种牙根管长度测量仪的结构示意图；
图2为背景技术中一种牙锉的顶点长度测量和设定装置的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中牙根尖定位测量装置的使用场景示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中底座组件的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中底座组件的爆炸分解结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中放置块放置锉针时的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中主机与底座组件的连接结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中底座组件与放置块的安装爆发分解示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中驱动件、滑移件、标识件与动栅的爆炸分解结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中标识件的一种结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例中动栅的背面结构示意图；
图12为本发明实施例中PCB电路板与定栅的安装结构示意图；
图13为本发明实施例中牙根尖定位测量装置的俯视图；
图14为本发明实施例中图13中的A处局部放大图；
图15为本发明实施例中牙根尖定位测量装置的俯视图；
图16为本发明实施例中图15中的B-B向剖视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
牙根尖定位为现有技术，其利用牙龈沟与口腔黏膜之间的阻抗等于牙周膜与口腔面膜的原理来进行牙根尖的定位，在通过锉针对牙根尖进行准确定位以后，如何对锉针定位后的长度进行精准测量成为了亟待解决的问题；现有技术中采用的方式，如背景技术所述，一种是通过肉眼观察刻度尺的数值来进行测量，但发明人发现由于刻度尺的精度有限，一般精度最高为1mm，无法继续读出毫米后小数点的精确读数；另一种是借用电控测量方式来实现，申请人在借用电控方式进行测量时发现，手持操作依然会带来误差，例如申请人于2022年04月14日申请的《一种可自动测量根管锉定位长度的测量仪》，申请号为202220870083.X，其通过将锉针放入开孔，锉针在进入过程中，针尖与内部动栅接触并使得其移动，直至锉针上浮标到达限位位置，动栅停止平移。此时，动栅与定栅产生位移由传感器收集并传输至处理器，最后显示为测量数值，即根管长度。此方案在理论上可以得到准确的根管长度，但发明人在实际临床使 用发现以下两个缺点；第一，在临床中，锉针的规格是不断更换的，一开始使用的锉针很细，刚性不足，受外力极易弯曲，在锉针推动动栅移动时，锉针可能已经受力弯曲，这会导致测量结果偏小；第二，锉针上浮标是起到定位作用，浮标在锉针上是容易移动的，虽然上述装置上有限位位置，但因为锉针进入开孔并移动，直至浮标到达限位位置的过程中，全部是由医生手持操作，很难保证浮标一到达限位位置医生就停止操作，这也会导致测量结果偏大。基于上述发现，发明人认为，根管测量的精度提升，除了使用更高精度的测量手段之外，测量的手法也需要深入研究，才能避免产生新的、不必要的误差。本发明的发明构思在于，通过对测量仪器的结构改进实现实施例的下述部分为本发明中通过对结构的改进来降低测量手法对测量结果产生的误差的示例性介绍。
如图3至图16所示的牙根尖定位测量装置，包括主机11和底座组件20，其中：
请参照图3，在本发明实施例中，主机11上具有显示屏15，用来显示测量长度，此外，在本发明一些实施例中，主机11还用于牙根尖的定位，这里需要指出的是，牙根尖定位仪为现有技术，请参照公告号为CN210056315U的中国实用新型专利；具体在本发明一些实施例中，如图3中所示，主机11上连接有数据线12，数据线12分别连接有唇钩13和用于夹持锉针的锉夹14，主机11与上述部件以及内部的控制器构成定位组件10，定位组件10用于实现牙根尖的定位；当牙根尖定位完成后，锉针上的浮标已经到达测量位置，接下来将锉针从锉夹14上取下，进行根管长度的测量，即锉针针尖与浮标之间距离的测量；
请参照图4至图6，底座组件20与主机11分体或一体式连接，底座组件20包括壳体21、设置在壳体21上的放置块22以及与放置块22对应设置的测距机构23；这里需要指出的是，底座主要通过测距机构23和放置块22的配合实现对根管长度的测量，在本发明一些实施例中，主机11与底座组件20的连接方式可以是一体式连接，也可以是如图7中所示的分体式连接；
请继续参照图4至图6，测距机构23包括与放置块22平行设置的滑移件23a、用于驱动滑移件23a移动的驱动件23b以及固定在滑移件23a上的标识件23c，还包括与滑移件23a相对设置的PCB电路板23d，滑移件23a和/或 PCB电路板23d上连接有测距单元23e，测距单元23e用于测量滑移件23a的相对移动距离；可以理解的是，在本发明实施例中，测距单元23e具有多种实现形式，例如激光测距传感器、光栅传感器或者应用于数显游标卡尺中的容栅传感器，通过测量滑移件23a的移动距离，来实现对锉针上根管长度的测量；
具体如图6、图13和图14中所示，放置块22上具有与锉针浮标对应的放置槽22a，主机11上还具有显示屏15，PCB电路板23d与显示屏15连接，滑移件23a移动至标识件23c指向锉针端部时，显示屏15根据测距单元23e的测试数据显示根管长度的数值。具体如图13中所示，先将锉针放置在放置块22中，放置块22如图6中所示，放置块22上沿其长度方向上具有贯通的沟槽，用于锉针的悬空放置，而通过放置槽22a的设置，可以固定浮标的位置，通过这种设置，使得锉针的位置在放置到放置块22上以后不再受到人为因素的影响，避免了手持造成的误差；请继续参照图13，此时通过转动驱动件23b实现滑移件23a带动指针的移动，在指针移动的同时显示屏15上会同步显示移动的距离，如图14中所示，当指针到达锉针针尖的时候，指针的移动距离即为锉针针尖到浮标的位置，也就是根管的长度；这里需要指出的是，在本发明实施例中，驱动件23b驱动滑移件23a的方式有多种，例如通过丝杆螺母座的形式，通过丝杆的转动带动固定在滑移件23a上的螺母座的移动；或者采用如图5中所示的齿轮齿条结构，当然本领域技术人员可以根据需要选择各种常规的现有技术来实现；本发明的主要贡献在于，通过将锉针固定避免手持造成的影响，并且通过驱动指针到达锉针针尖并且利用精度更高的电控测距单元23e来实现根管长度的高精度测量；也就是说，通过采用锉针不动测距机构23动，并且标识件23c移动距离通过电控测距单元23e来识别的方式，同时解决了现有技术中刻度尺24精度差而且手持误差大的问题，即本发明一方面通过电控测距单元23e替代现有的刻度尺24，来提高测量精度，另一方面将锉针固定后不再发生移动，从而最大程度的减少手持造成的误差。当然这里还需要指出的是，标识件23c不仅限于本发明实施例中的指针，也可以采用其他形式来实现，例如在滑移件23a上设置色标，或者其他结构形式。此外，本发明实施例中的主机11上还具有记忆功能，即将测量得到的数据进行存储，便于后期继续使用，提高手术的便捷可靠性。记忆功能为常规现有技术，这里不再进 行详细介绍。
在上述实施例中，通过在底座组件20上设置放置块22，使得待测锉针固定在放置槽22a内，避免了手持操作，并且通过驱动件23b驱动滑移件23a的移动，使得与滑移件23a连接的标识件23c移动至待测锉针的尖端位置处时，测距单元23e自动测量并显示根管长度在主机11的显示屏15上；通过上述设置，避免了手持锉针带来的测量误差，而且通过电控测距单元23e的设置比现有的刻度尺24得出的精度更高，进而提高了后续手术治疗的精准度和效率。
在上述实施例的基础上，在本发明一些实施例中，如图7中所示，底座组件20与主机11插拔连接，壳体21上具有与主机11底部相匹配的卡槽21a。通过卡槽21a的设置，便于主机11的定位，具体的，卡槽21a可以设置为扩口的形状，来便于主机11的定位；
进一步地，请继续参照图7和图5，在本发明实施例中，PCB电路板23d固定在壳体21内，且具有凸出于卡槽21a的插接件23d1，插接件23d1与主机11电连接，主机11内具有可充电电源。这里的卡接件可以是插接柱，在主机11的底部具有与之匹配的插接槽，本发明实施例中，插接件23d1的作用在于信号的传输和电能的提供，通过在主机11内设置可充电电源，可以将主机11从底座上拔出后单独进行牙根尖定位作业，在定位完成后，再将主机11放置在底座组件20上，接着进行根管长度的测量，通过这种结构形式的设置，一方面操作便捷灵活，另一方面能够提高测量的稳定性。
在本发明一些实施例中，为了进一步减少放置锉针时浮标的移动，放置块22可拆卸地固定在壳体21上。具体的可拆卸可以具有多种形式，例如卡接，或者紧固件连接等形式；
在本发明一些实施例中，关于底座组件20的具体结构形式如图5中所示，壳体21包括底板和上部的盖体，PCB电路板23d以及滑移件23a设置在底板与盖体内部，关于放置块22以及标识件23c的具体固定结构形式，如图8中所示，壳体21上具有台阶式固定部，台阶式固定部包括上层台阶部21b和下层台阶部21c，放置块22可拆卸地固定在下层台阶部21c上。这里需要指出的是，在本发明实施例中，通过台阶式固定部的设置，为放置块22的固定提供了限位功能，进而提高放置块22放置时的精度；在具体固定时，放置块22 可拆卸地固定在下层台阶部21c上，而且放置块22的高度略低于上层台阶部21b的水平面，通过这种形式，使得锉针固定在放置块22上以后，与指针呈接近同一水平面的状态，进而可以进一步降低指针与锉针针尖的对齐误差。
请继续参照图8，在本发明一些实施例中，为了提高放置块22放置的精度和可靠性，放置块22与下层台阶部21c的接触面上设置有定位磁钢21c1，定位磁钢21c1用于将放置块22吸附在下层台阶部21c上。这里需要指出的是，定位磁钢21c1的具体位置可以放置在下层台阶部21c的侧壁上，也可以放置在底部或者放置在放置块22的侧壁或者底部上，只要设置相应的磁吸附材料即可实现，通过磁吸的方式，一方面便于固定，另一方面提高了操作的便捷性。
在本发明一些实施例中，关于测距机构23的一种具体结构如图9至图12中所示，测距单元23e为容栅传感器，包括固定在滑移件23a底部的动栅23e1以及固定在PCB电路板23d上且与动栅23e1相对设置的定栅23e2，动栅23e1相对定栅23e2移动时，PCB电路板23d计算出移动的距离并显示在显示屏15上；如图11和图12中所示，动栅23e1背面均匀的排布有栅格，在与定栅23e2发生相对位移时，根据光电脉冲记数原理，产生脉冲信号，再将脉冲信号传递至主机11上转换为位移量，其理论的测量精度可以达到0.01mm，而且这种结构空间占用小，能够降低产品的体积，降低整体的成本。
继续参照图9和图10，驱动件23b为转动连接在壳体21上的旋钮，滑移件23a侧壁上具有齿条，旋钮底部具有与齿条啮合的齿轮。这样，动栅23e1固定在滑移件23a的底部，而定栅23e2固定在PCB电路板23d上，通过转动旋钮带动齿轮的旋转，可以通过调整齿轮比例来控制驱动幅度；如图10和图14中所示，指针从壳体21内部伸出至上层台阶部21b，并且指针呈细长渐变的尖状结构，如图14中所示，指针针尖靠近放置块22的侧壁位置，从而可以进一步的提高对准的精度，在具体对准时，医生通过转动旋钮，如图14中所示，肉眼观测指针针尖到达锉针针尖位置处停止转动，由于该观察仅仅设计对齐，不涉及数字读取，而且在本发明实施例中，指针与锉针针尖的对齐采用俯视的方式来实现，可以进一步减少误差。
请继续参照图14，在本发明一些实施例中，上层台阶部21b的表面上还固定有刻度尺24，刻度尺24的测量起始端与放置块22的放置槽22a内侧对 齐设置。这里需要指出的是，刻度尺24可以直接在上层台阶部21b的上表面上刻出，也可以通过现有的刻度尺24固定在上层台阶部21b上来实现；通过刻度尺24的设置，可以用来辅助检验电控测量的精度，若仅靠电控测量来实现，无法知晓测量的准确度，若电控测量出现偏差也无从知晓，通过刻度尺24的设置，可以通过人工读出的数值和屏幕上显示的数值进行比较，进而得出是否出现偏差；例如显示屏15上测量的尺寸是5.26mm，而刻度尺24上能看到在5mm左右，即为正常；若刻度尺24上在4mm左右，就说明电控测量出现了问题，需要进行维修。通过这种结构形式，解决了现有技术中仅靠电控测量无法判定是否出现故障的问题。
此外，如图5、图15和图16中所示，为了防止指针和刻度尺24受到意外损伤，在本发明实施例中，上层台阶部21b上还罩设有透明防护罩25，透明防护罩25与上层台阶部21b卡扣连接。当然这里需要指出的是，本领域技术人员在上述发明构思的基础上可以对透明防护罩25的结构做出改进，例如将整个台阶式固定部均包围的结构，上述结构形式均落入至本发明的保护范围内。
本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，包括：
    主机，所述主机上具有显示屏；
    底座组件，与所述主机分体或一体式连接，所述底座组件包括壳体、设置在所述壳体上的放置块以及与所述放置块对应设置的测距机构；
    所述测距机构包括与所述放置块平行设置的滑移件、用于驱动所述滑移件移动的驱动件以及固定在所述滑移件上的标识件，还包括与所述滑移件相对设置的PCB电路板，所述滑移件和/或所述PCB电路板上连接有测距单元，所述测距单元用于测量所述滑移件的相对移动距离；
    其中，所述放置块上具有与锉针浮标对应的放置槽，所述电路板与所述显示屏连接，所述滑移件移动至所述标识件指向锉针端部时，所述显示器根据所述测距单元的测试数据显示根管长度的数值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述底座组件与所述主机插拔连接，所述壳体上具有与所述主机底部相匹配的卡槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述PCB电路板固定在所述壳体内，且具有凸出于所述卡槽的插接件，所述插接件与所述主机电连接，所述主机内具有可充电电源。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述主机上还连接有数据线，所述数据线分别连接有唇钩和用于夹持锉针的锉夹，用于牙根尖的定位。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述壳体上具有台阶式固定部，所述台阶式固定部包括上层台阶部和下层台阶部，所述放置块可拆卸地固定在所述下层台阶部上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述放置块与所述下层台阶部的接触面上设置有定位磁钢，所述定位磁钢用于将所述放置块吸附在所述下层台阶部上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述测距单元为容栅传感器、光栅传感器或者激光测距传感器。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述测距单元为容栅传感器，包括固定在所述滑移件底部的动栅以及固定在所述PCB电路板上且与所述动栅相对设置的定栅，所述动栅相对所述定栅移动时，所述PCB电路板计算出移动的距离并显示在所述显示屏上；
    所述驱动件为转动连接在所述壳体上的旋钮，所述滑移件侧壁上具有齿条，所述旋钮底部具有与所述齿条啮合的齿轮。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述标识件为延伸至所述上层台阶部上的指针，所述上层台阶部的表面上还固定有刻度尺，所述刻度尺的测量起始端与所述放置块的放置槽内侧对齐设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的牙根尖定位测量装置，其特征在于，所述上层台阶部上还罩设有透明防护罩，所述透明防护罩与所述上层台阶部卡扣连接。
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