WO2024060624A1 - 铝合金间接热成形模具及方法 - Google Patents

铝合金间接热成形模具及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024060624A1
WO2024060624A1 PCT/CN2023/091322 CN2023091322W WO2024060624A1 WO 2024060624 A1 WO2024060624 A1 WO 2024060624A1 CN 2023091322 W CN2023091322 W CN 2023091322W WO 2024060624 A1 WO2024060624 A1 WO 2024060624A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
mold
upper mold
hot forming
indirect hot
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PCT/CN2023/091322
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张泉达
孙福臻
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北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司
北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司烟台分公司
中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2024060624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024060624A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of sheet material plastic forming, and in particular to an aluminum alloy indirect hot forming die and method.
  • Forming molds usually include cold forming molds, heat treatment furnaces and holding pressure quenching molds, etc., which not only increase production costs, but also reduce production efficiency by increasing the transfer time of parts.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, realize integrated forming of aluminum alloy, reduce the transfer time of parts, and improve production efficiency.
  • This application provides an aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold, which includes an upper mold and a lower mold.
  • the upper mold can be connected with a pressure device, and the pressure device is used to drive the upper mold to move up and down to achieve the separation or closing of the upper mold and the lower mold;
  • the bottom of the upper mold is provided with a first cooling mechanism, the top of the lower mold is provided with a heating mechanism, and the periphery of the lower mold is provided with a second cooling mechanism.
  • the first cooling mechanism includes a first cooling water pipe, the first cooling water pipe is arranged in the upper mold, and the first cooling water pipe is used to pass cooling water.
  • the heating mechanism includes a heating wire, a heating hole is provided in the lower mold, and the heating wire is installed in the heating hole.
  • the second cooling mechanism includes a cold water plate.
  • the cold water plate is arranged around the lower mold.
  • a second cooling water pipe is provided in the cold water plate.
  • the second cooling water pipe is used to pass in cooling water.
  • the aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold also includes a heat insulation layer, and when the aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to indirect hot forming, the heat insulation layer covers the aluminum alloy sheet.
  • the heat insulation layer is dust-free asbestos cloth.
  • the top of the upper die is mounted on the upper die base, and the bottom of the lower die is mounted on the lower die base.
  • the present application also provides an aluminum alloy indirect hot forming method, using the above-mentioned aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold, the aluminum alloy indirect hot forming method comprises the following steps:
  • the heating mechanism works to heat the lower mold to the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy sheet and keep it warm to complete the solid solution treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet;
  • the first cooling mechanism and the second cooling mechanism work to complete the quenching of the aluminum alloy sheet
  • step S1 a heat insulation layer is covered above the aluminum alloy sheet;
  • step S3 after the heating mechanism stops working, the upper mold moves up to take out the heat insulation layer, and then the upper mold moves down and is closed with the lower mold to complete the final forming of the aluminum alloy sheet.
  • the quenching rate of the aluminum alloy sheet is ⁇ 27°C/s.
  • a first cooling mechanism is provided at the bottom of the upper mold, a heating mechanism is provided at the top of the lower mold, and a second cooling mechanism is provided on the periphery of the lower mold.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the aluminum alloy indirect hot forming method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy sheet and heat insulation layer in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of room temperature preforming of aluminum alloy sheets in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the solid solution treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the final forming of the aluminum alloy sheet in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of rapid quenching and pressure maintaining of aluminum alloy sheets in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the final parts in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Insulation layer 2. Aluminum alloy sheet; 3. Upper mold base; 4. Upper mold; 5. Lower mold; 6. Cold water plate; 7. Lower mold base; 8. Second cooling water pipe; 9. Heating hole; 10. First cooling water pipe; 11. Final parts.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, realize integrated forming of aluminum alloy, reduce the transfer time of parts, and improve production efficiency.
  • this embodiment provides an aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold, including an upper mold 4 and a lower mold 5.
  • the upper mold 4 can be connected to a pressure device, and the pressure device is used to drive the upper mold 4 to move up and down. , to realize the separation or mold closing of the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5; wherein, the pressure device can be selected according to specific work needs, such as selecting a press or a hydraulic cylinder, etc., which is a mature prior art in this field. In this embodiment No further details will be given.
  • the bottom of the upper mold 4 is provided with a first cooling mechanism
  • the top of the lower mold 5 is provided with a heating mechanism
  • the periphery of the lower mold 5 is also provided with a second cooling mechanism; this embodiment adopts the above combination form.
  • the sequential forming process completes the entire process of cold forming (room temperature preforming), solid solution treatment, rapid quenching and pressure holding of the aluminum alloy sheet 2 in one set of equipment. Compared with the traditional aluminum alloy indirect hot forming process, it saves on process The transfer time of equipment and parts not only improves production efficiency but also saves production costs, which has certain marketing significance.
  • the first cooling mechanism includes a first cooling water pipe 10.
  • the first cooling water pipe 10 is provided in the upper mold 4, and the first cooling water pipe 10 is used to pass cooling water.
  • the heating mechanism includes a heating wire.
  • a heating hole 9 is provided in the lower mold 5 and the heating wire is installed in the heating hole 9.
  • the heating wire is preferably a resistance wire.
  • the heating mechanism can also use a heating water pipe.
  • a heating water pipe is provided in the heating hole 9 for heating.
  • the second cooling mechanism includes a cold water plate 6.
  • the cold water plate 6 is arranged around the lower mold 5.
  • a second cooling water pipe 8 is provided in the cold water plate 6.
  • the second cooling water pipe 8 is used to pass in cooling water.
  • the first cooling mechanism and the second cooling mechanism may also adopt air cooling mechanisms or other cooling mechanisms according to specific working requirements.
  • the aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold also includes a heat insulation layer 1.
  • the heat insulation layer 1 covers the top of the aluminum alloy sheet 2, which can prevent heat from flowing upward. Transfer to upper mold 4.
  • the insulation layer 1 is a light and thin cloth-like material that can achieve good thermal insulation effect, such as glass fiber cloth or dust-free asbestos cloth. In this embodiment, dust-free asbestos cloth is preferred.
  • the top of the upper mold 4 is installed on the upper mold base 3, and the bottom of the lower mold 5 is installed on the lower mold base 7; wherein, the pressure device is connected to the upper mold base 3 and can drive the upper mold base 3 and The upper mold 4 moves up and down together.
  • This embodiment also provides an aluminum alloy indirect hot forming method, using the above aluminum alloy indirect hot forming mold, which mainly includes the following steps:
  • the heating mechanism works to heat the lower mold 5 to the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy sheet 2, 540°C, and keep it warm for 30 minutes to complete the solid solution treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet 2;
  • the heating mechanism stops working to complete the final forming of the aluminum alloy sheet 2;
  • the first cooling mechanism and the second cooling mechanism work to complete the quenching of the aluminum alloy sheet 2 to form the final part 11; during quenching, the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5 are closed to maintain pressure, which prevents the part from being heated due to heat. Rebound deformation caused by stress release ensures the dimensional and shape accuracy of the product;
  • step S1 the heat insulation layer 1 is covered on the aluminum alloy sheet 2, and then placed together on the lower mold 5.
  • the heat insulation layer 1 can prevent heat from being transferred to the upper mold 4, ensuring that the aluminum alloy sheet 2 in step S4 is Alloy sheet 2 has sufficient cooling rate;
  • step S3 after the heating mechanism stops working, the upper mold 4 moves upward to take out the heat insulation layer 1, and then the upper mold 4 moves downward and is closed with the lower mold 5 to complete the final forming of the aluminum alloy sheet 2.
  • step S4 the quenching rate of the aluminum alloy sheet 2 is ensured to be ⁇ 27° C./s by adjusting the temperature and flow rate of the cooling water.

Abstract

一种铝合金间接热成形模具，包括上模（4）和下模（5），上模（4）连接有压力装置，压力装置用于带动上模（4）上下运动，以实现上模（4）和下模（5）的分离或者合模；上模（4）的底部设置有第一冷却机构，下模（5）的顶部设置有加热机构，下模（5）的外围设置有第二冷却机构。一种铝合金间接热成形方法，采用铝合金间接热成形模具实施。

Description

铝合金间接热成形模具及方法
本申请要求于2022年9月20日提交至中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202211140373.X、发明名称为“铝合金间接热成形模具及方法”的专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及板材塑性成形技术领域，特别是涉及一种铝合金间接热成形模具及方法。
背景技术
在传统的铝合金间接热成形技术中，因为工艺的连续性和多样性(包括冷成形、固溶处理、快速淬火和保压流程)，导致需要的装置比较多；现有的铝合金间接热成形模具通常包括冷成形模具、热处理炉和保压淬火模具等，不仅增加了生产成本，同时因为增加了零件的转移时间，从而降低了生产效率。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种铝合金间接热成形模具及方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，实现了铝合金的一体化成形，减少了零件的转移时间，提高了生产效率。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了如下方案：
本申请提供一种铝合金间接热成形模具，包括上模和下模，上模能够连接有压力装置，压力装置用于带动上模上下运动，以实现上模和下模的分离或者合模；上模的底部设置有第一冷却机构，下模的顶部设置有加热机构，下模的外围设置有第二冷却机构。
优选的，第一冷却机构包括第一冷却水管道，第一冷却水管道设置于上模内，第一冷却水管道内用于通入冷却水。
优选的，加热机构包括加热丝，下模内设置有加热孔，加热丝安装于加热孔内。
优选的，第二冷却机构包括冷水板，冷水板围绕下模设置，冷水板内设置有第二冷却水管道，第二冷却水管道用于通入冷却水。
优选的，铝合金间接热成形模具还包括隔热层，当对铝合金板料进行间接热成形时，隔热层覆盖在铝合金板料的上方。
优选的，隔热层为无尘石棉布。
优选的，上模的顶部安装于上模座上，下模的底部安装于下模座上。
本申请还提供一种铝合金间接热成形方法，采用上述的铝合金间接热成形模具，铝合金间接热成形方法包括以下步骤：
S1、将铝合金板料放置于下模上，上模下行，完成对铝合金板料的室温预成形；
S2、加热机构工作，将下模加热至铝合金板料的固溶温度，并保温，完成对铝合金板料的固溶处理；
S3、加热机构停止工作，完成对铝合金板料的终成形；
S4、第一冷却机构和第二冷却机构工作，完成对铝合金板料的淬火；
S5、上模上行，取出成形后的铝合金板料。
优选的，步骤S1中，在铝合金板料上方覆盖隔热层；
步骤S3中，加热机构停止工作后，上模上行，取出隔热层，然后上模下行，与下模闭合，完成对铝合金板料的终成形。
优选的，步骤S4中，铝合金板料的淬火速率≥27℃/s。
本申请相对于现有技术取得了以下有益技术效果：
本申请在上模的底部设置有第一冷却机构，下模的顶部设置有加热机构，下模的外围设置有第二冷却机构，采用该组合形式，通过顺序成形工艺，在一套装置中完成铝合金板料的冷成形(室温预成形)、固溶处理、快速淬火和保压全流程，相比较传统的铝合金间接热成形过程，节省了工艺装备和零件转移时间，既提高了生产效率又节省了生产成本，具有一定的市场推广意义。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例中铝合金间接热成形方法的流程示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中铝合金板料与隔热层示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中铝合金板料的室温预成形示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中铝合金板料的固溶处理示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中铝合金板料的终成形示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中铝合金板料的快速淬火、保压示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中最终零件示意图。
其中，1、隔热层；2、铝合金板料；3、上模座；4、上模；5、下模；6、冷水板；7、下模座；8、第二冷却水管道；9、加热孔；10、第一冷却水管道；11、最终零件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的目的是提供一种铝合金间接热成形模具及方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，实现了铝合金的一体化成形，减少了零件的转移时间，提高了生产效率。
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。
实施例一
如图1-图7所示，本实施例提供一种铝合金间接热成形模具，包括上模4和下模5，上模4能够连接有压力装置，压力装置用于带动上模4上下运动，以实现上模4和下模5的分离或者合模；其中，压力装置可以根据具体工作需要进行选择，如选择压力机或者液压缸等，其为本领域成熟现有技术，本实施例中便不再进行赘述。
在本实施例中，上模4的底部设置有第一冷却机构，下模5的顶部设置有加热机构，下模5的外围还设置有第二冷却机构；本实施例采用上述组合形式，通过顺序成形工艺，在一套装置中完成铝合金板料2的冷成形(室温预成形)、固溶处理、快速淬火和保压全流程，相比较传统的铝合金间接热成形过程，节省了工艺装备和零件转移时间，既提高了生产效率又节省了生产成本，具有一定的市场推广意义。
在本实施例中，第一冷却机构包括第一冷却水管道10，第一冷却水管道10设置于上模4内，第一冷却水管道10内用于通入冷却水。
在本实施例中，加热机构包括加热丝，下模5内设置有加热孔9，加热丝安装于加热孔9内；其中，加热丝优选为电阻丝；或者，加热机构还可以采用加热水管，在加热孔9内设置加热水管进行加热。
在本实施例中，第二冷却机构包括冷水板6，冷水板6围绕下模5设置，冷水板6内设置有第二冷却水管道8，第二冷却水管道8用于通入冷却水。
在本实施例中，第一冷却机构和第二冷却机构还可以根据具体工作需要采用风冷机构或者其它的冷却机构。
在本实施例中，铝合金间接热成形模具还包括隔热层1，当对铝合金板料2进行间接热成形时，隔热层1覆盖在铝合金板料2的上方，能够防止热量向上传递至上模4。其中，隔热层 1为能起到良好隔热效果的轻薄布状材料，如玻璃纤维布或者无尘石棉布等，本实施例优选为无尘石棉布。
在本实施例中，上模4的顶部安装于上模座3上，下模5的底部安装于下模座7上；其中，压力装置与上模座3连接，能够带动上模座3以及上模4一起上下运动。
本实施例还提供一种铝合金间接热成形方法，采用上述的铝合金间接热成形模具，主要包括以下步骤：
S1、将铝合金板料2放置于下模5上，上模4下行，完成对铝合金板料2的室温预成形；
S2、加热机构工作，将下模5加热至铝合金板料2的固溶温度540℃，并保温30分钟，完成对铝合金板料2的固溶处理；
S3、加热机构停止工作，完成对铝合金板料2的终成形；
S4、第一冷却机构和第二冷却机构工作，完成对铝合金板料2的淬火，形成最终零件11；在进行淬火时，上模4和下模5闭合进行保压，阻碍了零件因为热应力释放导致的回弹变形，保证了产品的尺寸和形状精度；
S5、上模4上行，取出最终零件11。
在本实施例中，步骤S1中，在铝合金板料2上方覆盖隔热层1，然后一起放置在下模5上，隔热层1能够防止热量传递到上模4中，保证步骤S4中铝合金板料2有足够的冷却速率；
步骤S3中，加热机构停止工作后，上模4上行，取出隔热层1，然后上模4下行，与下模5闭合，完成对铝合金板料2的终成形。
在本实施例中，步骤S4中，通过调节冷却水温度和流速，保证铝合金板料2的淬火速率≥27℃/s。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铝合金间接热成形模具，包括上模和下模，所述上模能够连接有压力装置，所述压力装置用于带动所述上模上下运动，以实现所述上模和所述下模的分离或者合模；其特征在于，所述上模的底部设置有第一冷却机构，所述下模的顶部设置有加热机构，所述下模的外围设置有第二冷却机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金间接热成形模具，其特征在于，所述第一冷却机构包括第一冷却水管道，所述第一冷却水管道设置于所述上模内，所述第一冷却水管道内用于通入冷却水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金间接热成形模具，其特征在于，所述加热机构包括加热丝，所述下模内设置有加热孔，所述加热丝安装于所述加热孔内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金间接热成形模具，其特征在于，所述第二冷却机构包括冷水板，所述冷水板围绕所述下模设置，所述冷水板内设置有第二冷却水管道，所述第二冷却水管道用于通入冷却水。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金间接热成形模具，其特征在于，所述铝合金间接热成形模具还包括隔热层，当对铝合金板料进行间接热成形时，所述隔热层覆盖在所述铝合金板料的上方。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的铝合金间接热成形模具，其特征在于，所述隔热层为无尘石棉布。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金间接热成形模具，其特征在于，所述上模的顶部安装于上模座上，所述下模的底部安装于下模座上。
  8. 一种铝合金间接热成形方法，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的铝合金间接热成形模具，所述铝合金间接热成形方法包括以下步骤：
    S1、将铝合金板料放置于所述下模上，所述上模下行，完成对所述铝合金板料的室温预成形；
    S2、所述加热机构工作，将所述下模加热至所述铝合金板料的固溶温度，并保温，完成对所述铝合金板料的固溶处理；
    S3、所述加热机构停止工作，完成对所述铝合金板料的终成形；
    S4、所述第一冷却机构和所述第二冷却机构工作，完成对所述铝合金板料的淬火；
    S5、所述上模上行，取出成形后的所述铝合金板料。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的铝合金间接热成形方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，在所述铝合金板料上方覆盖隔热层；
    所述步骤S3中，所述加热机构停止工作后，所述上模上行，取出所述隔热层，然后所述上模下行，与所述下模闭合，完成对所述铝合金板料的终成形。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的铝合金间接热成形方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中，所述铝合金板料的淬火速率≥27℃/s。
PCT/CN2023/091322 2022-09-20 2023-04-27 铝合金间接热成形模具及方法 WO2024060624A1 (zh)

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