WO2024057643A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用硬化物、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用硬化物、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024057643A1 WO2024057643A1 PCT/JP2023/022071 JP2023022071W WO2024057643A1 WO 2024057643 A1 WO2024057643 A1 WO 2024057643A1 JP 2023022071 W JP2023022071 W JP 2023022071W WO 2024057643 A1 WO2024057643 A1 WO 2024057643A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
- C08L101/14—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity the macromolecular compounds being water soluble or water swellable, e.g. aqueous gels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cured product for lithium ion secondary batteries, a negative electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries, and a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries are also widely used as a power source for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers, and hybrid cars.
- the capacity of lithium ion secondary batteries mainly depends on the active material of the electrodes.
- Graphite is often used as a negative electrode active material, but there is a demand for a negative electrode active material with higher capacity than graphite. Therefore, silicon (Si), which has a theoretical capacity much larger than that of graphite (372 mAh/g), is attracting attention.
- a negative electrode active material containing Si undergoes a large volumetric expansion during charging.
- the volumetric expansion of the negative electrode active material causes a decrease in the cycle characteristics of the battery.
- the negative electrode active material expands in volume, for example, cracks occur in the negative electrode active material, peeling occurs at the interface between the negative electrode active material layer and the current collector, cracks occur in the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) film, and the electrolyte decomposes. etc. may occur. These deteriorate the cycle characteristics of the battery.
- Patent Document 1 describes a slurry composition containing a carboxymethyl group-containing cellulose ether and cellulose nanofibers. Patent Document 1 describes that when cellulose nanofibers and a rubber component are combined, the electrode becomes flexible and the cycle characteristics of the battery are improved.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide a cured product for lithium ion secondary batteries that can improve the cycle characteristics of lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the cured product for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the first aspect includes a water-soluble polymer, a crosslinking agent, and cellulose nanofibers.
- the crosslinking agent crosslinks between different water-soluble polymers or between the water-soluble polymer and the cellulose nanofibers.
- the cured product for lithium ion secondary batteries has a peak in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 16° or more and 21° or less when measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) using CuK ⁇ rays. The half width of the peak is 5.5° or less.
- the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, a copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic acid.
- the selected items may be used.
- the crosslinking agent is blocked from any one selected from the group consisting of blocked isocyanate silane compounds, blocked diisocyanate compounds, and blocked triisocyanate compounds.
- a compound in which the agent is dissociated or a titanium compound may be used.
- the water-soluble polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of 9,000 or more and 200,000 or less.
- a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the second aspect includes a negative electrode active material and a cured product for a secondary battery according to the above aspect.
- a lithium ion secondary battery according to a third aspect includes a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the above aspect, a positive electrode, and a separator between the negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery and the positive electrode. , is provided.
- the lithium ion cured product according to the above embodiment improves the cycle characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a binder according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the binder according to the first embodiment before crosslinking. It is an example of the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurement result of the binder etc. which concern on 1st Embodiment.
- WAXS wide-angle X-ray scattering
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion secondary battery according to a first embodiment.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a power generation element 40, an exterior body 50, and a nonaqueous electrolyte (not shown). Exterior body 50 covers the periphery of power generation element 40 .
- the power generation element 40 is connected to the outside through a pair of terminals 60 and 62 connected to the power generation element 40.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is contained within the exterior body 50.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a case in which there is one power generation element 40 within the exterior body 50, a plurality of power generation elements 40 may be stacked within the exterior body 50.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 may be of any shape such as a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a laminate shape, a button shape, or the like.
- the power generating element 40 includes a separator 10, a positive electrode 20, and a negative electrode 30.
- the positive electrode 20 includes, for example, a positive electrode current collector 22 and a positive electrode active material layer 24.
- the positive electrode active material layer 24 is in contact with at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector 22 .
- the positive electrode current collector 22 is, for example, a conductive plate material.
- the positive electrode current collector 22 is, for example, a thin metal plate made of aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, stainless steel, or the like. Aluminum, which is light in weight, is preferably used for the positive electrode current collector 22.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode current collector 22 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode active material layer 24 includes, for example, a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material layer 24 may contain a conductive additive and a binder, if necessary.
- the positive electrode active material is an electrode active material that is capable of reversibly occluding and deintercalating lithium ions, deintercalating and intercalating lithium ions, or doping and dedoping lithium ions and counter anions. including.
- the positive electrode active material is, for example, a composite metal oxide.
- the positive electrode active material may be a lithium-free material.
- lithium-free materials include FeF 3 , conjugated polymers containing organic conductive substances, Chevrel phase compounds, transition metal chalcogenides, vanadium oxides, niobium oxides, and the like. Any one of the lithium-free materials may be used alone, or a plurality of them may be used in combination. If the positive electrode active material is a material that does not contain lithium, for example, discharge is performed first. Lithium is inserted into the positive electrode active material by discharge. In addition, lithium may be pre-doped chemically or electrochemically into a material in which the positive electrode active material does not contain lithium.
- the conductive additive increases the electronic conductivity between the positive electrode active materials.
- the conductive aid include carbon powder, carbon nanotubes, carbon materials, fine metal powders, mixtures of carbon materials and fine metal powders, and conductive oxides.
- the carbon powder include carbon black, acetylene black, and Ketjen black.
- the metal fine powder is, for example, copper, nickel, stainless steel, iron, or the like powder.
- the content of the conductive additive in the positive electrode active material layer 24 is not particularly limited.
- the content of the conductive additive is 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less based on the total mass of the positive electrode active material, conductive additive, and binder. .
- the binder in the positive electrode active material layer 24 binds the positive electrode active materials together.
- a known binder can be used. Further, the binder may be the same as that used for the negative electrode active material layer 34 described later.
- the binder is preferably one that does not dissolve in the electrolytic solution, has oxidation resistance, and has adhesive properties.
- the binder is, for example, a fluororesin.
- binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PA), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polybenzimidazole (PBI), polyethersulfone (PES), Polyacrylic acid and its copolymer, metal ion crosslinked polyacrylic acid and its copolymer, polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) grafted with maleic anhydride, and mixtures thereof.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PA polyamide
- PAI polyamideimide
- PBI polybenzimidazole
- PES polyethersulfone
- Polyacrylic acid and its copolymer metal ion crosslinked polyacrylic acid and its copolymer
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- the binder content in the positive electrode active material layer 24 is not particularly limited.
- the content of the binder is 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material, conductive aid, and binder. If the binder content is low, the adhesive strength of the positive electrode 20 will be weakened. Since the binder is electrochemically inert and does not contribute to the discharge capacity, when the binder content is high, the energy density of the lithium ion secondary battery 100 becomes low.
- the negative electrode 30 includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector 32 and a negative electrode active material layer 34.
- the negative electrode active material layer 34 is formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector 32.
- the negative electrode 30 is an example of a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the negative electrode current collector 32 is, for example, a conductive plate material. As the negative electrode current collector 32, the same one as the positive electrode current collector 22 can be used.
- the negative electrode active material layer 34 includes a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- the negative electrode active material layer 34 may contain a conductive additive as necessary.
- the binder is an example of a cured product for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the negative electrode active material contains silicon or a silicon compound.
- the silicon compound is, for example, a silicon alloy, silicon oxide, or the like.
- silicon or a silicon compound may be crystalline, amorphous, or amorphous with crystals dispersed therein.
- Amorphous silicon or a silicon compound can be produced by a melt spun method, a gas atomization method, or the like.
- the negative electrode active material may be a known material other than silicon or a silicon compound.
- Silicon alloys are represented by X n Si.
- X is a cation.
- X is, for example, Ba, Mg, Al, Zn, Sn, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Au, Ti, Na , K, etc.
- n satisfies 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 0.5.
- Silicon oxide is expressed as SiO x .
- x satisfies 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.
- the silicon oxide may be made of only SiO 2 , only SiO, or a mixture of SiO and SiO 2 . Further, silicon oxide may be partially deficient in oxygen.
- the negative electrode active material may be a composite of silicon or a silicon compound.
- the composite is made by coating at least a portion of the surface of silicon or silicon compound particles with a conductive material.
- the conductive material include carbon materials, Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Sn.
- a silicon carbon composite material Si--C
- the amount of conductive material coated on the silicon or silicon compound particles is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less based on the total mass of the composite. It is.
- the composite can be produced, for example, by a mechanical alloying method, a chemical vapor deposition method, a wet method, a method in which the polymer is coated with a polymer and then thermally decomposed to carbonize the polymer.
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material determined by the BET method is, for example, 0.5 m 2 /g or more and 100 m 2 /g or less, preferably 1.0 m 2 /g or more and 20 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area is small, it becomes difficult for Li ions to intercalate and desorb between the negative electrode active materials.
- the specific surface area is large, a large amount of binder is required for electrode formation, and the capacity per unit volume of the lithium ion secondary battery becomes small.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the binder 1 according to the first embodiment.
- Binder 1 includes water-soluble polymer 2, crosslinking agent 3, and cellulose nanofibers 4.
- the water-soluble polymer 2 is, for example, a polymer having a hydroxyl group.
- the water-soluble polymer 2 is, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, a copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol, a copolymer of sodium acrylate and vinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polynorbornenedicarboxylic acid, poly It is acrylic acid.
- the water-soluble polymer 2 is preferably polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, a copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol, or polyacrylic acid.
- a copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol can be obtained, for example, by copolymerizing a vinyl ester and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, and then hydrolyzing this copolymer by acidification.
- One type of water-soluble polymer 2 may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be used in combination.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer 2 is, for example, 9000 or more and 200000 or less. In particular, when polyvinyl alcohol is used as the water-soluble polymer 2, it is preferable that the weight average molecular weight is 9,000 or more and 200,000 or less. Since the water-soluble polymer 2 having a small molecular weight has few crosslinking points, the binder 1 cannot form a sufficient network structure, and the elasticity of the binder 1 decreases. If the molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer 2 is large, the binder 1 will gel, making uniform dispersion difficult.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer 2 can be determined by analyzing the water-soluble polymer 2 before cross-linking, if the water-soluble polymer 2 before cross-linking is available. If the water-soluble polymer 2 before crosslinking is not available, it can be estimated from the weight average molecular weight of the binder 1 and the abundance ratio of the water-soluble polymer 2, crosslinking agent 3, and cellulose nanofibers 4 in the binder 1.
- polyvinyl alcohol When polyvinyl alcohol is used as the water-soluble polymer 2, partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol prepared using saponified polyvinyl acetate and completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol are preferable.
- polyvinyl alcohol include vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl alcohol-vinyl butyral copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, preferably vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the copolymerization ratio of polyvinyl alcohol is expressed by the degree of saponification.
- the degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol is, for example, 60 mol% or more and 99 mol% or less. When the degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol is 60 mol% or more, it becomes easier to crosslink with the crosslinking agent 3.
- the degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol can be determined by the amount of alkali consumed for hydrolysis of copolymerized units such as vinyl acetate or by composition analysis by NMR.
- a polymer is "water-soluble”
- a polymer is "water-soluble”
- 1 part by weight of polymer is added to 100 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water and stirred to prepare a mixture.
- This mixture is adjusted to a temperature within the range of 20 to 95° C. and a pH of 3 to 12 (using an aqueous NaOH solution and/or an aqueous HCl solution for pH adjustment).
- the mixture is then passed through a 250 mesh screen. If the solid content of the residue remaining on the screen without passing through the screen does not exceed 50% by weight based on the solid content of the added polymer, it can be said that the polymer is water-soluble. Note that even if the mixture of the polymer and water is in an emulsion state that separates into two phases when left standing, the polymer is water-soluble if the above definition is satisfied.
- the crosslinking agent 3 crosslinks between the water-soluble polymers 2 and between the water-soluble polymers 2 and the cellulose nanofibers 4.
- the crosslinking agent 3 is, for example, a compound in which the blocking agent is dissociated from any one selected from the group consisting of blocked isocyanate silane compounds, blocked diisocyanate compounds, and blocked triisocyanate compounds, or a titanium compound.
- the crosslinking agent 3 shown in FIG. 2 is a titanium compound.
- a titanium compound contains a titanium element within its structure.
- the titanium compound is an organic titanium compound, for example, a titanium chelate.
- the titanium compound may be, for example, titanium lactate, titanium triethanolaminate, titanium lactate ammonium salt, titanium diethanolaminate, titanium aminoethylaminoetherate, or the like.
- the titanium compound is a crosslinking agent that connects the water-soluble polymer 2.
- the titanium compound is a compact crosslinking agent and does not easily disrupt the crystallinity of the water-soluble polymer 2.
- blocked isocyanate silane compound blocked diisocyanate compound, and blocked triisocyanate compound
- the active isocyanate group is protected with a blocking agent.
- Blocked isocyanate silane compounds, blocked diisocyanate compounds, and blocked triisocyanate compounds remain stable under normal conditions because the blocking agent protects the active isocyanate group, and the blocking agent dissociates by heat treatment.
- Blocking agents include, for example, phenols, alcohols, oximes, lactams, and the like.
- Diisocyanate compounds include, for example, aromatic diisocyanates having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (excluding carbon in the NCO group, the same applies hereinafter), aliphatic diisocyanates having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and alicyclic carbon atoms having 4 to 15 carbon atoms. Examples include diisocyanates of the formula formula, aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates having 8 to 15 carbon atoms, modified products of these diisocyanates (carbodiimide modified products, urethane modified products, uretdione modified products, etc.), and mixtures of two or more of these.
- Aromatic diisocyanates are, for example, 1,3- and/or 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and/or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, m-xylylene diisocyanate, 2,4'- and/or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (hereinafter abbreviated as MDI), 4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl, 3,3'- These are dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate.
- MDI 4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl
- 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatobiphenyl 3,3'-
- Aliphatic diisocyanates include, for example, ethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanatomethyl caproate, bis(2 -isocyanatoethyl) carbonate, and 2-isocyanatoethyl-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate.
- Alicyclic diisocyanates include, for example, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, bis(2-isocyanatoethyl) -4-cyclohexylene-1,2-dicarboxylate, 2,5- and/or 2,6-norbornane diisocyanate.
- the araliphatic diisocyanate is, for example, m- and/or p-xylylene diisocyanate, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethylene xylylene diisocyanate.
- the triisocyanate compound has, for example, three isocyanate groups.
- the triisocyanate may be a compound having a biuret structure represented by the following chemical formula (1-8).
- a compound having a biuret structure represented by the chemical formula (1-8) is formed from urea and an isocyanate group.
- R is a group obtained by removing one isocyanate group from a diisocyanate monomer.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the binder according to the first embodiment before crosslinking.
- Binder 1' before crosslinking includes water-soluble polymer 2, crosslinking precursor 5, and cellulose nanofibers 4.
- the crosslinking precursor 5 is a crosslinking agent before crosslinking.
- the crosslinked precursor 5 shown in FIG. 3 is a titanium compound.
- the crosslinking precursor 5 may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of blocked isocyanate silane compounds, blocked diisocyanate compounds, and blocked triisocyanate compounds.
- the crosslinking precursor 5 is a titanium compound
- the water-soluble polymer 2 and the crosslinking agent 3 are crosslinked by the reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the water-soluble polymer 2 and the hydroxyl groups of the titanium compound.
- the hydroxyl groups attached to the surface of the cellulose nanofibers 4 react with the hydroxyl groups of the titanium compound, so that the cellulose nanofibers 4 and the crosslinking agent 3 are crosslinked.
- the crosslinking reaction is not limited to the reaction between hydroxyl groups.
- the alkoxy group of the titanium compound may be eliminated and react with the hydroxyl group of the water-soluble polymer 2 or the cellulose nanofibers 4.
- the isocyanate group, carboxy group, etc. of the titanium compound and the hydroxyl group of the water-soluble polymer 2 or the cellulose nanofibers 4 may react.
- the crosslinking precursor 5 is selected from the group consisting of a blocked isocyanate silane compound, a blocked diisocyanate compound, and a blocked triisocyanate compound
- the hydroxyl group of the water-soluble polymer 2 and the active isocyanate group react.
- the water-soluble polymer 2 and the crosslinking agent 3 are crosslinked.
- the hydroxyl groups attached to the surface of the cellulose nanofibers 4 react with the active isocyanate groups, so that the cellulose nanofibers 4 and the crosslinking agent 3 are crosslinked.
- hydroxyl groups of the water-soluble polymer 2 do not react with the crosslinking precursor 5 and remain unreacted. The remaining hydroxyl groups interact with the hydroxyl groups attached to the surface of the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material and the binder 1 are bound together.
- the abundance ratio of the crosslinking agent 3 in the binder 1 is, for example, 5 parts by weight or more and less than 53 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer 2. Moreover, the abundance ratio of the crosslinking agent 3 in the binder 1 is preferably 13 parts by weight or more and less than 28 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer 2.
- the abundance ratio of the crosslinking agent 3 is low, there are few crosslinking points in the binder 1, and the elasticity of the binder decreases.
- the binder 1 with low elasticity cannot sufficiently alleviate volume changes during charging and discharging.
- the negative electrode active material layer 34 containing the binder 1 with low elasticity is likely to crack during charging and discharging.
- the abundance ratio of the crosslinking agent 3 when the abundance ratio of the crosslinking agent 3 is high, the proportion of hydroxyl groups that can exist freely in the binder 1 decreases, and the binding property with the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector 32 decreases. Moreover, the binder 1 with a high abundance ratio of the crosslinking agent 3 has low dispersibility in water, has a high viscosity, and may gel.
- Cellulose nanofiber 4 is made by disentangling cellulose, which is the main component of plant fibers, into nano-sized particles.
- the cellulose nanofibers 4 are bonded to the water-soluble polymer 2 via the crosslinking agent 3 and also bonded to the negative electrode active material.
- the average fiber length of the cellulose nanofibers 4 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 750 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.3 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1.4 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less. or less, and particularly preferably from 2.0 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. If the cellulose nanofibers 4 have a long fiber length, the flatness of the coating film will decrease. When the fiber length of the cellulose nanofibers 4 is short, the adhesion with the negative electrode active material decreases.
- the average fiber diameter of the cellulose nanofibers 4 is, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 5 nm or more and 2.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 nm or more and 700 nm or less, and even more preferably 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the abundance ratio of cellulose nanofibers 4 in binder 1 is preferably 2% or more and 10% or less, for example, when the total of water-soluble polymer 2 and cellulose nanofibers 4 is 100 in terms of solid content.
- the abundance ratio of cellulose nanofibers 4 is low, the strength of the binder 1 decreases.
- the abundance ratio of cellulose nanofibers 4 is high, the dispersibility of the binder 1 in water decreases, the viscosity of the binder 1 increases, and the binder 1 may become gelled.
- the binder 1 according to the present embodiment has a peak in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ in the range of 16° or more and 21° or less when measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) using CuK ⁇ rays. Further, the half width (full width at half maximum: FWHM) of this peak is 5.5° or less.
- WAXS wide-angle X-ray scattering
- FIG. 4 is an example of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurement results of the binder and the like according to the first embodiment. Wide-angle X-ray scattering is performed using CuK ⁇ radiation. FIG. 4 shows the measurement results for four substances.
- WAXS wide-angle X-ray scattering
- the first substance is completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a molecular weight of 80,000, and is a single film of the water-soluble polymer 2 described above.
- the second substance was prepared by mixing cellulose nanofibers 4 with completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having a molecular weight of 80,000 and heating the mixture.
- the third substance is the first example of the binder 1 according to the present embodiment.
- Binder 1 of the first example is a crosslinked precursor made of water-soluble polymer 2 made of completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a molecular weight of 80,000 and blocked isocyanate (X-12-1308ES manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.). 5 and cellulose nanofiber 4 are crosslinked.
- the fourth substance is a second example of the binder 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the binder 1 of the second example consists of a water-soluble polymer 2 made of completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a molecular weight of 80,000, a crosslinked precursor 5 made of titanium lactate (Orgatics TC-315 manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemicals), and cellulose. Nanofiber 4 is crosslinked.
- the first to third substances have a peak at a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 19.4°, and the fourth substance has a peak at a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 19.5°.
- each of the first to fourth substances has a peak in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 16° or more and 21° or less.
- the peak is a peak derived from water-soluble polymer 2. The fact that the peak is also confirmed for the third substance and the fourth substance indicates that the water-soluble polymer 2 is present in the binder 1.
- the peak half-width of the first to third substances is 1.5°
- the peak half-width of the fourth substance is 1.9°.
- the first to fourth substances all have a peak half width of 5.5° or less.
- a narrow half width of the peak means that the binder 1 has high crystallinity.
- the fact that the half width of the peak of the third substance and the fourth substance is 5.5° or less means that the water-soluble polymer 2 exists in the binder 1 while maintaining its crystallinity. shows.
- the peak position and half-value width of Binder 1 can be controlled by controlling the proportion of water-soluble polymer in the binder, the curing conditions of the binder, and the like.
- the binder content in the negative electrode active material layer 34 is not particularly limited.
- the content of the binder is 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material, conductive aid, and binder. If the binder content is low, the adhesive strength of the negative electrode 30 will be weakened. When the binder content is high, the binder is electrochemically inert and does not contribute to the discharge capacity, so the energy density of the lithium ion secondary battery 100 becomes low.
- the conductive agent in the negative electrode active material layer 34 increases the electronic conductivity between the negative electrode active materials.
- the same material as that for the positive electrode active material layer 24 can be used.
- the content of the conductive additive in the negative electrode active material layer 34 is not particularly limited.
- the content of the conductive aid with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material, the conductive aid, and the binder is 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less.
- Separator 10 is sandwiched between positive electrode 20 and negative electrode 30.
- the separator 10 isolates the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30 and prevents a short circuit between the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30.
- the separator 10 extends in-plane along the positive electrode 20 and the negative electrode 30. Lithium ions can pass through the separator 10.
- the separator 10 has, for example, an electrically insulating porous structure.
- the separator 10 is, for example, a single layer or a laminate of polyolefin films.
- the separator 10 may be a stretched film of a mixture of polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like.
- the separator 10 may be a fibrous nonwoven fabric made of at least one constituent material selected from the group consisting of cellulose, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- Separator 10 may be, for example, a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte is, for example, a polymer solid electrolyte, an oxide solid electrolyte, or a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the separator 10 may be an inorganic coated separator.
- the inorganic coated separator is obtained by coating the surface of the above film with a mixture of a resin such as PVDF or CMC and an inorganic substance such as alumina or silica.
- the inorganic coated separator has excellent heat resistance and suppresses precipitation of transition metals eluted from the positive electrode onto the surface of the negative electrode.
- the electrolytic solution is sealed in the exterior body 50 and impregnated into the power generation element 40.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolytic salt.
- the electrolytic salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the electrolytic solution includes, for example, a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt.
- the electrolytic salt is, for example, a lithium salt.
- the electrolyte include LiPF6 , LiClO4, LiBF4 , LiCF3SO3 , LiCF3CF2SO3 , LiC ( CF3SO2 ) 3 , LiN( CF3SO2 ) 2 , LiN( CF3CF2 ) . SO2 ) 2 , LiN( CF3SO2 ) ( C4F9SO2 ) , LiN( CF3CF2CO ) 2 , LiBOB , LiN ( FSO2 ) 2, etc.
- One type of lithium salt may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the electrolyte preferably contains LiPF6 .
- the concentration of the electrolytic salt is, for example, 0.8 mol/L or more and 5.0 mol/L or less.
- the non-aqueous solvent is, for example, an aprotic organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, ethers, and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent may be an ionic liquid.
- the cyclic carbonate solvates the electrolyte.
- Cyclic carbonates are, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and fluoroethylene carbonate. It is preferable that the cyclic carbonate contains at least fluoroethylene carbonate.
- Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) has a high redox potential and is easily reduced and decomposed. By reductively decomposing a portion of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), the electrolyte and remaining solvent in the electrolytic solution become difficult to decompose. Further, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) forms a thin and stable film (SEI film) on the entire surface of the negative electrode active material at the initial stage of use of a lithium ion secondary battery. The SEI film prevents direct contact between the negative electrode active material and the electrolyte and prevents the electrolyte from decomposing.
- SEI film thin and stable film
- the chain carbonate reduces the viscosity of the cyclic carbonate.
- chain carbonates include diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethylmethyl carbonate.
- the nonaqueous solvent may also include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, etc. .
- the electrolyte may also contain an SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) forming material, a surfactant, and the like.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- additives include vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, phenylethylene carbonate, succinic anhydride, lithium bisoxalate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, dinitrile compounds, propane sultone, butane sultone, propene sultone, 3-sulfolene, fluorinated Allyl ether, fluorinated acrylate, etc.
- the exterior body 50 seals the power generation element 40 and the non-aqueous electrolyte therein.
- the exterior body 50 prevents non-aqueous electrolyte from leaking to the outside and moisture from entering the lithium ion secondary battery 100 from the outside.
- the exterior body 50 includes a metal foil 52 and a resin layer 54 laminated on each surface of the metal foil 52.
- the exterior body 50 is a metal laminate film in which a metal foil 52 is coated on both sides with a polymer film (resin layer 54).
- the metal foil 52 aluminum foil can be used as the metal foil 52.
- a polymer film such as polypropylene can be used.
- the material constituting the resin layer 54 may be different between the inside and outside.
- the outer material is a polymer with a high melting point, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), etc.
- the inner polymer membrane material is polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), etc. be able to.
- Terminals 60 and 62 are connected to negative electrode 30 and positive electrode 20, respectively.
- the terminal 62 connected to the positive electrode 20 is a positive electrode terminal
- the terminal 60 connected to the negative electrode 30 is a negative electrode terminal.
- the terminals 60 and 62 are responsible for electrical connection between the outside and the power generation element 40.
- the terminals 60, 62 are made of a conductive material such as aluminum, nickel, copper, or the like. The connection method may be welding or screwing.
- the terminals 60, 62 are preferably protected with insulating tape to prevent short circuits.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 is manufactured by preparing a negative electrode 30, a positive electrode 20, a separator 10, an electrolytic solution, and an exterior body 50, and assembling them. An example of a method for manufacturing the lithium ion secondary battery 100 will be described below.
- the negative electrode 30 is produced.
- the negative electrode 30 is produced, for example, by sequentially performing a precursor solution production process, a slurry production process, an electrode coating process, a curing process, and a rolling process.
- a precursor solution preparation step is performed.
- a water-soluble polymer solution, crosslinking precursor 5, and cellulose nanofibers 4 are prepared.
- the crosslinking precursor 5 is a crosslinking agent before crosslinking.
- the crosslinking precursor 5 is a titanium compound, a blocked isocyanate silane compound, a blocked diisocyanate compound, or a blocked triisocyanate compound.
- the water-soluble polymer solution, crosslinked precursor 5, and cellulose nanofibers 4 are mixed to prepare a binder precursor solution. The mixing ratio of the water-soluble polymer solution, crosslinking precursor 5, and cellulose nanofibers 4 is adjusted depending on the composition of the target binder.
- a slurry preparation process is performed.
- a negative electrode active material silicon or silicon compound
- a conductive additive are added to a binder precursor solution.
- the composition ratio of the negative electrode active material, the conductive support agent, and the binder precursor solution is, for example, 70 wt% to 100 wt%:0 wt% to 10 wt%:0 wt% to 20 wt% in mass ratio. The mass ratio of these is adjusted to be 100 wt% in total.
- the negative electrode active material may be a composite obtained by mixing active material particles and a conductive material while applying shear force. By applying a shearing force to the extent that the active material particles do not change in quality and mixing, the surfaces of the active material particles are coated with the conductive material. Further, the particle size of the negative electrode active material can be adjusted depending on the degree of mixing. Alternatively, the produced negative electrode active material may be sieved to make the particle size uniform.
- the electrode coating process is a process of coating the surface of the negative electrode current collector 32 with slurry.
- the method of applying the slurry There are no particular restrictions on the method of applying the slurry. For example, a slit die coating method or a doctor blade method can be used as the slurry coating method.
- a curing step is performed.
- the slurry is annealed.
- the water-soluble polymer 2, crosslinking agent 3, and cellulose nanofibers 4 are crosslinked.
- the solvent is also removed during the curing process.
- the curing step is performed, for example, in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the curing temperature is, for example, 120°C or higher and 150°C or lower.
- the rate of temperature increase up to the curing temperature is, for example, 2° C./min or more and 5° C./min or less.
- the temperature decreasing rate after curing is, for example, 2° C./min or more and 5° C./min or less.
- the peak position and half-value width in the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurement results of the binder after curing are determined by It can be controlled by sufficiently dispersing, adjusting the mixing ratio of water-soluble polymer 2, crosslinked precursor 5, and cellulose nanofiber 4 in the binder, and curing the binder under the above conditions.
- WAXS wide-angle X-ray scattering
- the rolling process is performed as necessary.
- the rolling process is a process of applying pressure to the negative electrode active material layer 34 and adjusting the density of the negative electrode active material layer 34.
- the rolling process is performed using, for example, a roll press machine.
- the positive electrode 20 can be manufactured using the same procedure as the negative electrode 30.
- As the separator 10 and the exterior body 50 commercially available products can be used.
- the produced positive electrode 20 and negative electrode 30 are stacked so that the separator 10 is located between them, and the power generation element 40 is produced.
- the power generation element 40 is a wound body
- the positive electrode 20, the negative electrode 30, and the separator 10 are wound around one end side of the separator 10 as an axis.
- the power generating element 40 is enclosed in the exterior body 50.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the exterior body 50.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is impregnated into the power generation element 40.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 is obtained.
- the power generating element 40 may be impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 according to the first embodiment has excellent cycle characteristics. This is considered to be because the binder contained in the negative electrode active material layer 34 has high strength and high elasticity. By maintaining the crystallinity of the water-soluble polymer, the binder has high strength and high elasticity. This can be confirmed from the fact that the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurement result of Binder 1 has a predetermined peak.
- the crosslinking agent 3 preferentially adsorbs to the cellulose nanofibers 4. Therefore, it is thought that excessive reaction between the crosslinking agent 3 and the water-soluble polymer 2 is suppressed, and the highly crystalline water-soluble polymer 2 is maintained within the binder 1. Furthermore, the crosslinking agent 3 having a compact crystal structure crosslinks the water-soluble polymer, so that the binder 1 has high strength and high elasticity.
- Example 1 a binder precursor solution was prepared. First, 100 parts by mass of a water-soluble polymer and water were added and stirred at room temperature for more than 2 hours. The rotation speed during stirring was set to 550 rpm or more and 1500 rpm or less. The mixture was stirred until the water-soluble polymer was completely dissolved in water. Thereafter, 3 parts by mass of a crosslinking precursor and 10 parts by mass of cellulose nanofibers were added to the water-soluble polymer aqueous solution. This solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes or more at a rotation speed of 300 rpm. As the water-soluble polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose with a molecular weight of 90,000 was used.
- Titanium lactate (Orgatics TC-315, manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemicals) was used as the crosslinking precursor.
- As the cellulose nanofiber LeoCrysta I-2SX standard grade manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. was used.
- a negative electrode active material and a conductive aid were added to this binder precursor solution.
- the negative electrode active material was SiO x subjected to a disproportionation reaction by heat treatment at 1000° C. under reduced pressure.
- the conductive aid was Super-P (registered trademark).
- 25 g of the negative electrode active material, 1.4 g of the conductive aid, and 13.5 g of the binder precursor solution (solid content concentration 10%) were mixed to prepare a coating liquid (slurry).
- the total solid content concentration in the coating liquid was 35 wt%.
- the slurry was applied onto a copper foil serving as a negative electrode current collector using a doctor blade.
- the negative electrode current collector coated with the slurry was annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere. Annealing was performed under the conditions of increasing the temperature at 5° C./min, keeping it at 150° C. for 2 hours, and decreasing the temperature at 5° C./min.
- the water-soluble polymer, crosslinking agent, and cellulose nanofibers were crosslinked by annealing, and the slurry was cured.
- the negative electrode active material layer 34 was then formed by rolling the negative electrode current collector after the slurry had been hardened. A negative electrode was created by punching out the negative electrode current collector and negative electrode active material layer 34 into an electrode size of 22 ⁇ 32 mm using a mold.
- a binder precursor solution was prepared under the same conditions as above, and this binder precursor solution was annealed to produce a binder (not containing a negative electrode active material and a conductive aid).
- This binder was subjected to wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement using CuK ⁇ rays.
- the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of the binder of Example 1 was 16.2°, and the half width was 3.3°.
- Li x CoO 2 was used as the positive electrode active material.
- Ketjenblack was used as the conductive aid.
- Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used as the binder.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was used as the solvent.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing 96 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material, 2 parts by mass of a conductive aid, 2 parts by mass of a binder, and 70 parts by mass of a solvent. Then, the positive electrode slurry was applied to one surface of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and the positive electrode active material layer 24 was formed by vacuum drying and rolling at 100° C. for 2 hours. Then, the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer 24 were punched out into an electrode size of 22 ⁇ 32 mm using a mold to create a positive electrode.
- the solvent used was a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) in a mass ratio of 3:7.
- LiPF 6 was used as the electrolytic salt.
- the concentration of LiPF 6 was 1 mol/L.
- the battery whose battery capacity Q1 was determined above was charged again using the secondary battery charging/discharging test device by constant current charging at a charging rate of 0.5C until the battery voltage reached 4.2V, and the battery was charged at a discharge rate of 1. Discharge was performed at a constant current of 0C until the battery voltage reached 2.5V. The above charging and discharging was counted as one cycle, and 200 cycles of charging and discharging were performed. Thereafter, the discharge capacity after 200 cycles of charging and discharging was detected, and the battery capacity Q2 after 200 cycles was determined.
- the capacity retention rate E after 200 cycles was determined from the capacities Q 1 and Q 2 determined above.
- the capacity retention rate of Example 1 was 66%.
- Examples 2 to 66 In Examples 2 to 66, one of the types of water-soluble polymer, the type of crosslinking precursor, the mass ratio of the crosslinking precursor to the water-soluble polymer, and the mass ratio of cellulose nanofibers to the water-soluble polymer was changed. is different from Example 1. Further, when polyvinyl alcohol was used as the water-soluble polymer, it was different from Example 1 in that it was dissolved at 100° C. to obtain an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the peak position and half-width of the binder, as well as the capacity retention rate, were determined.
- Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 in that a crosslinking precursor and cellulose nanofibers were not added when producing the binder. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the peak position and half-width of the binder, as well as the capacity retention rate, were determined.
- Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that no crosslinking precursor was added when producing the binder. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the peak position and half-width of the binder, as well as the capacity retention rate, were determined.
- Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that when producing the binder, the mass ratio of the crosslinking precursor to the water-soluble polymer and the mass ratio of cellulose nanofibers to the water-soluble polymer were changed. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the peak position and half-width of the binder, as well as the capacity retention rate, were determined.
- Examples 67-72 Polyacrylic acid was used as the water-soluble polymer, and any of the type of crosslinking precursor, the mass ratio of the crosslinking precursor to the water-soluble polymer, and the mass ratio of cellulose nanofibers to the water-soluble polymer was changed.
- This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the following points. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the peak position and half-width of the binder, as well as the capacity retention rate, were determined.
- TC-300 in the table means Orgatics TC-300 manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemicals.
- TC-300 is a titanium lactate ammonium salt.
- TC-315 in the table means Orgatics TC-315 manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemicals.
- TC-315 is titanium lactate.
- Mw in the table is the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer.
- X-12-1308ES in the table is a blocked isocyanate manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- blocked 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate is a blocked diisocyanate.
- 1,3,5-tris(isocyanatomethyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tris(6-isocyanatohexyl) biuret are blocked triisocyanates.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries using the binders according to Examples 1 to 72 exhibited higher capacity retention rates even after 200 cycles than Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and exhibited high cycle characteristics.
- the binder did not have resistance to electrolyte solution, and battery characteristics could not be evaluated.
- the mechanical strength of the binder was not sufficient, and sufficient cycle characteristics could not be obtained.
- Binder 2 Water-soluble polymer 3
- Crosslinking agent 4 Cellulose nanofiber 5
- Crosslinking precursor 10 Separator 20
- Positive electrode 22 Positive electrode current collector 24
- Positive electrode active material layer 30
- Negative electrode 32 Negative electrode current collector 34
- Power generation element 50
- Exterior body 52
- Metal foil 54
- Resin layer 60, 62 Terminal 100 Lithium ion secondary battery
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態にかかるリチウムイオン二次電池の模式図である。図1に示すリチウムイオン二次電池100は、発電素子40と外装体50と非水電解液(図示略)とを備える。外装体50は、発電素子40の周囲を被覆する。発電素子40は、発電素子40に接続された一対の端子60、62によって外部と接続される。非水電解液は、外装体50内に収容されている。図1では、外装体50内に発電素子40が一つの場合を例示したが、外装体50内に発電素子40が複数積層されていてもよい。またリチウムイオン二次電池100は、円筒型、角型、ラミネート型、ボタン型等のいずれでもよい。
発電素子40は、セパレータ10と正極20と負極30とを備える。
正極20は、例えば、正極集電体22と正極活物質層24とを有する。正極活物質層24は、正極集電体22の少なくとも一面に接する。
正極集電体22は、例えば、導電性の板材である。正極集電体22は、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、チタン、ステンレス等の金属薄板である。重量が軽いアルミニウムは、正極集電体22に好適に用いられる。正極集電体22の平均厚みは、例えば、10μm以上30μm以下である。
正極活物質層24は、例えば、正極活物質を含む。正極活物質層24は、必要に応じて、導電助剤、バインダーを含んでもよい。
負極30は、例えば、負極集電体32と負極活物質層34とを有する。負極活物質層34は、負極集電体32の少なくとも一面に形成されている。負極30は、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極の一例である。
負極集電体32は、例えば、導電性の板材である。負極集電体32は、正極集電体22と同様のものを用いることができる。
負極活物質層34は、負極活物質とバインダーとを含む。負極活物質層34は、必要に応じて導電助剤を含んでもよい。バインダーは、リチウムイオン二次電池用硬化物の一例である。
セパレータ10は、正極20と負極30とに挟まれる。セパレータ10は、正極20と負極30とを隔離し、正極20と負極30との短絡を防ぐ。セパレータ10は、正極20及び負極30に沿って面内に広がる。リチウムイオンは、セパレータ10を通過できる。
電解液は、外装体50内に封入され、発電素子40に含浸している。非水電解液は、例えば、非水溶媒と電解塩とを有する。電解塩は、非水溶媒に溶解している。
外装体50は、その内部に発電素子40及び非水電解液を密封する。外装体50は、非水電解液の外部への漏出や、外部からのリチウムイオン二次電池100内部への水分等の侵入等を抑止する。
端子60、62は、それぞれ負極30と正極20とに接続されている。正極20に接続された端子62は正極端子であり、負極30に接続された端子60は負極端子である。端子60、62は、外部と発電素子40との電気的接続を担う。端子60、62は、アルミニウム、ニッケル、銅等の導電材料から形成されている。接続方法は、溶接でもネジ止めでもよい。端子60、62は短絡を防ぐために、絶縁テープで保護することが好ましい。
リチウムイオン二次電池100は、負極30、正極20、セパレータ10、電解液、外装体50をそれぞれ準備し、これらを組み上げて作製される。以下、リチウムイオン二次電池100の製造方法の一例を説明する。
まずバインダーの前駆体溶液を作製した。まず100質量部の水溶性高分子と水とを加えて、室温で2時間以上攪拌を行った。攪拌の際の回転数は550rpm以上1500rpm以下に設定した。そして水溶性高分子が水に完全に溶解するまで攪拌した。その後、水溶性高分子水溶液に対し3質量部の架橋前駆体と10質量部のセルロースナノファイバーとを添加した。この溶液を室温で、回転数300rpmで5分以上撹拌した。水溶性高分子は、分子量90000のカルボキシメチルセルロースを用いた。架橋前駆体は、チタンラクテート(マツモトファインケミカル社製オルガチックスTC-315)を用いた。セルロースナノファイバーは、第一工業製薬社製のレオクリスタI-2SX標準グレードを用いた。
作製した負極と正極とを、正極活物質層と負極活物質層とが互いに対向するように、セパレータ(多孔質ポリエチレンシート)を介して積層して積層体を得た。積層体の負極に、ニッケル製の負極リードを取り付けた。積層体の正極に、アルミニウム製の正極リードを取り付けた。正極リード及び負極リードは、超音波溶接機によって溶接した。この積層体を、アルミラミネートフィルムの外装体内に挿入して周囲の1箇所を除いてヒートシールすることにより閉口部を形成した。そして、最後に、外装体内に上記電解液を注入した後に、残りの1箇所を真空シール機によって減圧しながらヒートシールで密封して、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
リチウムイオン二次電池のサイクル特性を測定した。サイクル特性は、二次電池充放電試験装置(北斗電工株式会社製)を用いて行った。
実施例2~66は、水溶性高分子の種類、架橋前駆体の種類、水溶性高分子に対する架橋前駆体の質量比、水溶性高分子に対するセルロースナノファイバーの質量比のいずれかを変えた点が実施例1と異なる。また、水溶性高分子にポリビニルアルコールを用いる際は、100℃で溶解し、ポリビニルアルコール水溶液を得た点が実施例1と異なる。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして、バインダーのピーク位置及び半値幅、及び、容量維持率を求めた。
比較例1は、バインダーを作製する際に、架橋前駆体及びセルロースナノファイバーを添加しなかった点が実施例1と異なる。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして、バインダーのピーク位置及び半値幅、及び、容量維持率を求めた。
比較例2は、バインダーを作製する際に、架橋前駆体を添加しなかった点が実施例1と異なる。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして、バインダーのピーク位置及び半値幅、及び、容量維持率を求めた。
比較例3は、バインダーを作製する際に、水溶性高分子に対する架橋前駆体の質量比及び水溶性高分子に対するセルロースナノファイバーの質量比を変更した点が実施例1と異なる。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして、バインダーのピーク位置及び半値幅、及び、容量維持率を求めた。
実施例67~72は、水溶性高分子をポリアクリル酸とし、架橋前駆体の種類、水溶性高分子に対する架橋前駆体の質量比、水溶性高分子に対するセルロースナノファイバーの質量比のいずれかを変えた点が実施例1と異なる。その他の条件は、実施例1と同様にして、バインダーのピーク位置及び半値幅、及び、容量維持率を求めた。
2 水溶性高分子
3 架橋剤
4 セルロースナノファイバー
5 架橋前駆体
10 セパレータ
20 正極
22 正極集電体
24 正極活物質層
30 負極
32 負極集電体
34 負極活物質層
40 発電素子
50 外装体
52 金属箔
54 樹脂層
60、62 端子
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (6)
- 水溶性高分子と架橋剤とセルロースナノファイバーとを有し、
前記架橋剤は、異なる前記水溶性高分子の間又は前記水溶性高分子と前記セルロースナノファイバーとの間を架橋し、
CuKα線を用いた広角X線散乱(WAXS)測定した際に、回折角2θが16°以上21°以下の範囲にピークを有し、
前記ピークの半値幅が5.5°以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池用硬化物。 - 前記水溶性高分子は、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、アクリル酸とビニルアルコールとの共重合体、ポリアクリル酸からなる群から選択されるいずれか一つ以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用硬化物。
- 前記架橋剤は、ブロック化イソシアネートシラン化合物、ブロック化ジイソシアネート化合物、ブロック化トリイソシアネート化合物からなる群から選択される何れかからブロック化剤が解離した化合物、又は、チタン化合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用硬化物。
- 前記水溶性高分子の重量平均分子量が、9000以上200000以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用硬化物。
- 負極活物質と、請求項1に記載の二次電池用硬化物と、を有する、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極。
- 請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極と、正極と、前記リチウムイオン二次電池用負極と前記正極との間にあるセパレータと、を備える、リチウムイオン二次電池。
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| WO2026070129A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-25 | 2026-04-02 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 微細セルロース繊維を含む電解質膜 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015041603A (ja) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-02 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用の接着剤、接着層付きセパレータ、接着層付き電極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2015064465A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-05-07 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池負極用スラリー組成物、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極、リチウムイオン二次電池、及び製造方法 |
| WO2020217730A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-29 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 電極用結着剤組成物、電極用塗料組成物、蓄電デバイス用電極、および蓄電デバイス |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2015041603A (ja) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-02 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用の接着剤、接着層付きセパレータ、接着層付き電極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2015064465A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-05-07 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池負極用スラリー組成物、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極、リチウムイオン二次電池、及び製造方法 |
| WO2020217730A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-29 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 電極用結着剤組成物、電極用塗料組成物、蓄電デバイス用電極、および蓄電デバイス |
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| WO2026070129A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-25 | 2026-04-02 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 微細セルロース繊維を含む電解質膜 |
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