WO2024056601A1 - Dispositif microfluidique doté d'une surface multicouche comportant au moins deux polypeptides différents - Google Patents

Dispositif microfluidique doté d'une surface multicouche comportant au moins deux polypeptides différents Download PDF

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WO2024056601A1
WO2024056601A1 PCT/EP2023/074894 EP2023074894W WO2024056601A1 WO 2024056601 A1 WO2024056601 A1 WO 2024056601A1 EP 2023074894 W EP2023074894 W EP 2023074894W WO 2024056601 A1 WO2024056601 A1 WO 2024056601A1
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cells
coating
interest
polypeptide
cell
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PCT/EP2023/074894
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English (en)
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Peter James CHOCKLEY
Trillian Ashley GREGG
Keith Alan BAILEY
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Lumicks Ca Holding B.V.
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Priority claimed from EP22199375.1A external-priority patent/EP4349486A1/fr
Application filed by Lumicks Ca Holding B.V. filed Critical Lumicks Ca Holding B.V.
Publication of WO2024056601A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024056601A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/0068—General culture methods using substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
    • C12N5/0636—T lymphocytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
    • C12N5/0646—Natural killers cells [NK], NKT cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G01N33/5011—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing antineoplastic activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/16—Microfluidic devices; Capillary tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/20—Material Coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/46—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of cellular or enzymatic activity or functionality, e.g. cell viability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
    • C12N2501/50—Cell markers; Cell surface determinants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
    • C12N2501/50—Cell markers; Cell surface determinants
    • C12N2501/51—B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86, CD28 (ligand), CD152 (ligand)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
    • C12N2533/30—Synthetic polymers
    • C12N2533/32—Polylysine, polyornithine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
    • C12N2533/50—Proteins
    • C12N2533/52—Fibronectin; Laminin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices for measuring cellular avidity and to processes for making and using the devices.
  • Microfluidics is an area of research that addresses and exploits the fluid dynamics at millimeter-to-submillimeter scale.
  • the emerging and rapid development of microfluidic technology has presented an ideal solution for the problem of mimicking an in vivo like microenvironment. This has led to microfluidics based setups being developed for a large range of applications in almost all scientific disciplines including chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics.
  • Microfluidics have also been used in cell biology applications.
  • One of the benefits of microfluidic devices is the possibility of integrating analytical methods to produce information from the cell models.
  • Cell avidity evaluates the overall strength of cellular interactions by defining the total intercellular force between multiple parallel interactions, including co-receptor binding, TCR clustering, cell adhesion proteins, and even orientations and valencies. Cell avidity therefore provides a complete and physiologically relevant picture reflecting the interaction between cells, for example target cells and effector cells.
  • the terms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” means one or more.
  • the words “a,” “an,” “the,” or “said” may mean one or more than one.
  • another may mean at least a second or more.
  • the present application describes a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a multiple-coated surface, the process comprising the steps of:
  • the present application also describes a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a multiple-coated surface, the process comprising the steps of:
  • microfluidic device comprising a surface coated with a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide
  • the present application also describes a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells, the process comprising the steps of:
  • the surface coated with a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide is activated before the first coating is applied.
  • the surface is chemically activated. Activation can be done to facilitate application of the first coating.
  • the process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a multiple-coated surface can be a process comprising the steps as described above.
  • a surface on which a coating has been applied is known herein as a "coated surface.”
  • the term “single-coated surface” as used herein means a surface that comprises at least a coating layer comprising at least a polypeptide. In an embodiment the single-coated surface comprises at least the first coating as described herein.
  • the term “multiple-coated surface” as used herein means a surface that comprises at least two coating layers comprising at least a polypeptide. In an embodiment the multiple- coated surface comprises a first coating layer comprising at least a polypeptide and at least a second coating layer comprising at least a polypeptide.
  • the multiple-coated surface may comprise additional coating layers. Said additional coating layers may be below the first coating layer (i.e.
  • the surface may be coated multiple times with the first coating layer and/or multiple times with the second coating layer. In other words, the coating process can be repeated numerous times until the desired order of coating layers is achieved.
  • the surface may be coated in the following order: first coating, second coating, first coating, second coating or, alternatively, first coating, first coating, second coating.
  • the surface does not comprise any additional coating layers next to the first coating layer and the second coating layer.
  • the polypeptide comprised in the first coating is different from the polypeptide comprised in the second coating.
  • the first coating comprises more than one polypeptide.
  • the second coating comprises more than one polypeptide.
  • the first coating comprises more than one polypeptide and the second coating also comprises more than one polypeptide.
  • a coating comprises more than one polypeptide, e.g. two, three, four, etc polypeptides, said polypeptides may differ and/or may be present in the coating in a suitable ratio.
  • the cells form a monolayer on the surface.
  • the surface is a glass surface, a plastic surface, a metal surface, a ceramic surface or any combination thereof.
  • the microfluidic device may be prepared from any suitable material including plastic, glass, ceramics, metal or any combination thereof.
  • the plastic is non-cytotoxic.
  • the plastic may include natural polymers and/or synthetic polymers.
  • the cell monolayer shows a high quality.
  • Quality can be measured for example as shown in the examples by looking at the confluency of the cell monolayer.
  • the confluency should be 50% or higher, preferably 60% or higher, more preferably 70% or higher.
  • Quality can also be measured for example as shown in the examples by looking at the dumpiness of the cell monolayer.
  • the cell monolayer does not show dumpiness.
  • Quality can also be measured for example by looking at the stability and/or robustness of the cell monolayer. Stability and/or robustness can be measured for example as shown in the examples by measuring the resistance of the cell monolayer when subjected to shear flow force and/or acoustic force.
  • the cells are cultured. Culturing of the cells may take place before, simultaneously with and/or after contacting the cells with the multiple-coated surface and allowing the cells to attach to the multiple-coated surface to provide a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells.
  • polypeptide comprised in the first coating is selected from the group consisting of poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, poly-L-ornithine, concanavalin A, and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • first coating comprises at least two polypeptides.
  • first coating comprises poly-L-lysine and concanavalin A.
  • the polypeptide comprised in the second coating is selected from the group consisting of laminin, collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, osteopontin, procollagen, elastin, tenascin, entactin, thrombospondin, osteocalcin, von Willibrand Factor, cadherins, protocadherins, desmogleins, desmocollins, tumor associated tyrosine kinase surface proteins, tumor associated transmembrane proteins and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the second polypeptide is fibrinogen.
  • the second polypeptide is a cadherin.
  • the cadherin is selected from the group consisting of E-cadherin (CDH1), N-cadherin (CDH2), N-cadherin 2 (CDH12), P-cadherin (CDH3), R-cadherin (CDH4), VE-cadherin (CDH5), K-cadherin (CDH6), cadherin 7 (CDH7), cadherin 8 (CDH8), cadherin 9 (CDH9), cadherin 10 (CDH10), OB-cadherin (CDH11), T-cadherin (CDH13), M-cadherin (CDH15), KSP-cadherin (CDH16), Ll-cadherin (CDH17), cadherin 18 (CDH18), cadherin 19 (CDH19), cadherin 20 (CDH20), cadherin 23 (CDH23), CDH22, CDH
  • the cadherin is E-cadherin.
  • the desmoglein is selected from the group consisting of DSG1 , DSG2, DSG3, DSG4, and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the desmocollin is selected from the group consisting of DSC1 , DSC2, DSC3, and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the protocadherin is selected from the group consisting of PCDH1 , PCDH7, PCDH8, PCDH9, PCDH10, PCDH11X/11Y, PCDH12, PCDH15, PCDH17, PCDH18, PCDH19, PCDH20, PCDHA1 , PCDHA2, PCDHA3, PCDHA4, PCDHA5, PCDHA6, PCDHA7, PCDHA8, PCDHA9, PCDHA10, PCDHA11, PCDHA12, PCDHA13, PCDHAC1 , PCDHAC2, PCDHB1 , PCDHB2, PCDHB3, PCDHB4, PCDHB5, PCDHB6, PCDHB7, PCDHB8, PCDHB9, PCDHB10, PCDHB11 , PCDHB12, PCDHB13, PCDHB14, PCDHB15, PCDHB16, PCDHB17, PCDHB18, PCDHGA1 , PCDHGA2, PCDHGA3, PCDHGA4, PCDHGA5, PCDHGA6, PCDHGA7, PCDH
  • the second polypeptide is ephrin type-A receptor 2 (Eph2A), or B7 Homolog 3 (B7H3, also called CD276).
  • an “active domain” refers to an amino acid sequence found within the polypeptide that, in itself, provides function according to one or more properties of the polypeptide, such as providing structural support to cells and/or for attaching cells.
  • the peptide that includes an active domain of a polypeptide can have a "core sequence" of amino acid residues, and optionally one or more additional amino acid residues that flank (/.e., on the C-terminus, N-terminus, or both) the core sequence.
  • the one or more additional amino acids that flank the core sequence can correspond to the wild-type polypeptide sequence in the relevant region of the protein, or can comprise one or more amino acid(s) that diverge from the wild-type sequence (e.g., a "variant amino acid sequence").
  • the variant amino sequence can be one that enhances properties of the peptide, such as providing enhanced ligand interaction, and/or can facilitate formation of the second coated layer.
  • a "peptide” is a short polymer of 25 or less amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
  • a "polypeptide” is a polymer of more than 25 amino acids linked by peptide bonds and which includes full length proteins.
  • a peptide having an active portion of a polypeptide can be synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) techniques using standard techniques, such as Fmoc synthesis.
  • SPPS solid phase peptide synthesis
  • the first coating layer comprising the polypeptide(s) may comprise other excipients and/or components as well.
  • the polypeptide is present in the first coating layer in an amount of at least 10% (w/w) (weight percentage of the polypeptide based on the total weight of the first coating layer comprising the polypeptide), at least 20% (w/w), at least 30% (w/w), at least 40% (w/w), at least 50% (w/w), at least 60% (w/w), at least 70% (w/w), at least 80% (w/w), at least 90% (w/w) or at least 100% (w/w).
  • the second coating layer comprising the polypeptide(s) may comprise other excipients and/or components as well.
  • the polypeptide is present in the second coating layer in an amount of at least 10% (w/w) (weight percentage of the polypeptide based on the total weight of the second coating layer comprising the polypeptide), at least 20% (w/w), at least 30% (w/w), at least 40% (w/w), at least 50% (w/w), at least 60% (w/w), at least 70% (w/w), at least 80% (w/w), at least 90% (w/w) or at least 100% (w/w).
  • polypeptide is present in the first coating layer in an amount of 1 pg/ml - 5 mg/ml.
  • polypeptide is present in the second coating layer in an amount of 1 pg/ml - 5 mg/ml.
  • the first and second coating can be prepared to have a desired thickness.
  • the coated layers have a thickness in the range of about 5 nm to about 50 nm.
  • the first and second coating can be prepared to have a desired density and/or concentration.
  • the coating process involves placing the coating materials (e.g. polypeptides of the first and/or second coating) in contact with the device surface.
  • the device surface has been pretreated with a base coat.
  • the coating materials are applied to a surface and dried down or partially dried down.
  • the process of applying can be performed using any one of a variety of techniques including dipping, pouring, swabbing, siphoning, brushing, rolling, padding, ragging, painting, spraying, anodizing, electroplating, and/or laminating.
  • One exemplary method for applying a coating composition is by dip coating.
  • a typical dip coating procedure involves immersing the surface to be coated in a first coating composition, dwelling the object in the composition for a period of time, and then removing the surface from the composition. After the surface has been dip coated in the coating solution, it is removed and dried or partially dried. Drying can be carried out using any suitable method, including air drying the surface.
  • the processes as described herein also comprise the step of contacting the microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells with a blocking agent.
  • the blocking agent may reduce background binding to the cells.
  • suitable blocking agents include, but are not limited to, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester reagents.
  • NHS ester reagent as defined herein is a compound comprising at least one succinimidyl group, which functional group is capable of forming an ester bond with a primary amine group on polypeptides, such as, for example, the amine groups as comprised in lysine residues, such that these amine groups are no longer available to attach to, for example, cells of interest.
  • the NHS ester reagent comprises a spacer, e g. a polymer of a relative short length, up to about 100 Angstrom.
  • a polymer preferably is inert.
  • the polymer is polyethylene glycol (PEG). More preferably, the PEG length is up to 25 ethylene glycol units in length. Preferably, the number of units is selected from the range of 2 to 25, or from 3 to 10.
  • the NHS ester is a PEG-NHS ester.
  • Blocking may take place by providing a buffer suitable for the blocking reaction and sustaining cell viability of the cells present on the surface, e.g. phosphate, carbonatebicarbonate, HEPES or borate buffers at pH 7.2 to 8.5 for 0.5 to 4 h at room temperature or 4°C.
  • a buffer suitable for the blocking reaction e.g. phosphate, carbonatebicarbonate, HEPES or borate buffers at pH 7.2 to 8.5 for 0.5 to 4 h at room temperature or 4°C.
  • the NHS ester reagent is removed and the cells may, for example, be washed with serum containing medium or with a primary amine buffer such as Tris or glycine, which are not compatible because they compete for reaction, to quench (stop) the reaction.
  • NHS esters are known in the art, and it may be contemplated to utilize other compounds equally capable of reacting with amine groups as an alternative.
  • These compounds include, but are not limited to, isothiocyanates, isocyanates, acyl azides, sulfonyl chlorides, aldehydes, glyoxals, epoxides, oxiranes, carbonates, aryl halides, imidoesters, carbodiimides, anhydrides, and fluorophenyl esters. Most of these compounds conjugate to amines by either acylation or alkylation. Without being bound by theory, as long as the compound is capable of reacting with the polypeptide responsible for the coating on the surface, it can be contemplated.
  • the cells are target cells or effector cells.
  • the cells are target cells.
  • the target cells are cells presenting an antigen.
  • a tumor antigen a viral antigen or a bacterial antigen.
  • Suitable target cells may include eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells.
  • Target cells that may be selected include fungal cells, animal cells, insect cells, mammalian cells, bacterial cells, yeasts, and protozoa.
  • the target cells are human cells.
  • the target cells are tumor cells such as human tumor cells.
  • the effector cells are human effector cells such as T cells, NK cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, or monocytes.
  • the effector cells may be genetically modified. When the genetic modification is with a CAR, cells such as CAR T cells can be obtained. Effector cells as used herein may thus also be CAR T cells.
  • extraneous DNA is removed from the cells before contacting the cells with the multiple-coated surface.
  • extraneous DNA is removed from the cells by treatment of the cells with a deoxyribonuclease (DNAse).
  • DNAse deoxyribonuclease
  • the present application also describes a process for determining cellular avidity comprising: • providing a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells, wherein the surface comprises a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide, a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide and cells attached to the second coating,
  • cellular avidity is defined by the overall strength of interactions occurring in a cell-to-cell contact, involving a diversity of molecules at the surfaces of the cells that interact.
  • cellular avidity is a parameter that expresses the strength of binding between cells. It involves a multitude of interactions, including a diversity of receptor-ligand pairs, among which e.g. a specific receptor-ligand interaction, occurring at the membrane surface of a cell, working jointly forming a strong bond between cells. It may also involve active signalling and processes internal to the cells such as e.g. during immune synapse formation. It is understood that the cellular avidity of a cell of a certain type is defined relative to its target cell and conditions tested.
  • target cells and cells of interest relate to two different cells which are to interact specifically with each other.
  • the target cells or the cells of interest may express a ligand on their surface and the other cell may express a receptor for that ligand.
  • control cells the same cells as the cells of interest or target cells are utilized, but these cells do not express such a ligand or receptor or express a variant thereof which is not functional.
  • the cells attached to the second coating e.g. target cells
  • cells of interest e.g. effector cells
  • control cells thereof it is understood that this may involve cells that are to have a specific interaction, i.e. one cell carrying a receptor and the other cell having a ligand for the receptor.
  • ligand and receptor in this sense and in accordance with the invention may define their inter-relationship.
  • receptor may not be construed to be limiting in any way and is understood to mean a protein presented at the cell surface which can (specifically) interact with another protein (ligand) presented at a another cell.
  • ligand and receptor are used to indicate a complementarity which is important for specific recognition between cells without restrictions on the complementary molecules that can be contemplated.
  • Receptors that may be of interest include, but are not limited to, a CAR, a TCR, a stimulatory or inhibitory coreceptor, or a receptor engaged via a bispecific antibody.
  • the cellular avidity may be determined. This is for example of interest when it is desirable to provide for a candidate CAR.
  • candidates can be selected and subsequently assessed with regard to functionality, e.g. by in vivo experiments.
  • cellular avidity is an important parameter for function, this way highly efficiently, suitable candidates can be selected.
  • the cellular avidity is determined.
  • the microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells is prepared by performing a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells as described herein.
  • the cells are target cells or effector cells.
  • the cells of interest are target cells or effector cells.
  • the cells attached to the second coating are target cells and the cells of interest are effector cells.
  • the target cells are cells presenting an antigen.
  • a tumor antigen a viral antigen or a bacterial antigen.
  • Suitable target cells may include eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells.
  • Target cells that may be selected include fungal cells, animal cells, insect cells, mammalian cells, bacterial cells, yeasts, and protozoa.
  • the target cells are human cells.
  • the target cells are tumor cells such as human tumor cells.
  • the effector cells are human effector cells such as T cells, NK cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, or monocytes.
  • the effector cells may be genetically modified. When the genetic modification is with a CAR, cells such as CAR T cells can be obtained. Effector cells as used herein may thus also be CAR T cells.
  • the cells that are attached to the second coating are preferably attached as a monolayer.
  • the subsequent cells of interest (and control cells thereof) that are to interact with the cells attached to the coating on the surface are preferably provided in a relatively low cell density as compared with those cells, such that substantially all cells of interest (and control cells thereof) can interact with those cells. In other words, there are more cells per cell of interest. Such provides for advantageous controllable conditions when applying the force on the cells of interest or the control cells thereof.
  • control cells of the target cells or the cells of interest are provided and the cellular avidity of the control cells is determined as well.
  • control cells of the cells that are attached to the second coating and/or control cells of the cells of interest are provided and the cellular avidity of the control cells is determined as well.
  • the process for determining cellular avidity as described herein may be performed separately with cells of interest and their control cells and/or with cells that are attached to the second coating and their control cells.
  • the process for determining cellular avidity as described herein may comprise the step of incubating the cells attached to the second coating with the cells of interest and/or their control cells.
  • the process for determining cellular avidity as described herein may comprise the step of contacting cells of interest and/or their control cells with target cells. Control cells and/or cells of interest that have detached and/or remained attached are determined and cellular avidity scores are provided for the control cells and/or cells of interest with the cells that are attached to the second coating.
  • control cells of the cells that are attached to the second coating may be provided attached to a surface.
  • cells of interest are contacted with the cells that are attached to the second coating and before or thereafter cells of interest are contacted with the control cells of the cells that are attached to the second coating, and in each case cells of interest that have detached and/or remained attached are determined and cellular avidity scores are provided for the cells of interest with the control cells of the cells that are attached to the second coating and with the cells that are attached to the second coating as such.
  • the cellular avidity scores obtained for cells and their respective controls can be compared and are of interest.
  • control cells when cells of interest are used that express a specific ligand or receptor, control cells are used that are the same cells as the cells of interest but do not express the specific ligand or receptor or express a variant of the specific ligand or receptor which is not functional or not specific for the counterpart present on the cells that are attached to the second coating, e.g. the target cells. Obviously, the same is true vice versa.
  • the cellular avidity is determined by exerting a force on the cells of interest.
  • a force can be applied and controlled on cells of interest that bind/interact/attach with cells attached to a surface, e.g. target cells, such a force can be contemplated in accordance with the invention.
  • the force is an acoustic force, a shear flow force or a centrifugal force.
  • cellular avidity is measured using the z-Movi® device as available from the company Lumicks. The device makes use of an acoustic force.
  • a microfluidic device as described herein can be used in the z-Movi® device. It may even be used repeatedly.
  • cellular avidity it is to be understood that this is to express the strength of binding of cells of interest (or control cells thereof) to cells attached to a surface (or control cells thereof). It is to be understood that where it is referred to specific forces applied to cells, this may refer to average forces, e.g. such forces may not be fully homogeneous, for example over the contact surface.
  • the cellular binding avidity is determined by exerting a force on the cells of interest, e.g. effector cells, away from the cells that are attached to the second coating, e.g. target cells.
  • the force applied may be perpendicular (in the direction of z-axis) to the surface (x,y) to which the cells that are attached to the second coating are attached, for example when a centrifugal force or acoustic force is applied.
  • the force may also be lateral (x-axis or y-axis), for example when a shear force is applied.
  • the force is applied and is controlled such that a defined force is exerted on the cells of interest that interact with the cells that are attached to the second coating.
  • the force that is exerted on the cells of interest attached to the cells that are attached to the second coating is to be substantially equal. This can be achieved when using for example a flat surface.
  • Other suitable surface shapes may be used (e.g. a tube with exerted concentrical force or laminar flow force in the direction of the length of the tube), as long as the force exerted can be substantially equal at a defined surface area, such a surface shape may be contemplated.
  • the force required to move a cell of interest away from the cells that are attached to the second coating (/.e. a cell detachment event) can be detected optically, e.g. via microscopy or other means. Cell detachment events can be monitored and counted.
  • the process for determining cellular avidity may further comprise the step of collection of cells, for example, collection of cells that experienced a defined force.
  • the cells of interest may be provided with a photoactivatable label which may subsequently be activated by illumination with light of a suitable wavelength only in a well-defined interaction region of the device (e.g. in a center region under an (acoustic) force transducer) to photoactivate and/or switch on the dye.
  • the cells can be sorted, for example, using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and only those cells which are activated are collected thereby obtaining the cells on which defined forces have been exerted.
  • FACS fluorescence activated cell sorting
  • the target cells and cells of interest bound thereto may be trypsinized thereby obtaining both the target cells and cells of interest that remained bound thereto in a suspension.
  • attached cells of interest can also be simply collected with physical means (e.g. by scraping) from the area of interest, i.e. the surface area with a well-defined nominal force.
  • the exact forces experienced by cells may also depend on cell size and or other cell properties such as density and compressibility.
  • the force may thus be a nominal force and not the true force experienced by the cells. Since it may be hard to precisely predict the average cell size, density, compressibility, etc. of the cells, the force may have been calculated based on theory alone or may have been calibrated using test particles with specific properties (see Kamsma, D. et al. (2016). Tuning the Music: Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS) 2.0. Methods, 105, 26-33).
  • the force may be a calculated or calibrated force expressed with units of N (e.g.
  • Vpp input power
  • a piezo element see Sitters, G. et al. (2014). Acoustic force spectroscopy. Nature Methods, 12(1), 47-50), as angular velocity squared (co 2 ) in the case of centrifugal forces or as flow speed v and or as shear stress (Pa) in case of shear forces.
  • Co 2 angular velocity squared
  • Pa shear stress
  • the percentage of cells of interest that remains bound at a certain applied force is indicative of cellular avidity, i.e. the larger the percentage of cells of interest that is bound, the higher the cellular avidity, it is useful to refer to the percentage of cells.
  • a different measure which relates to cellular avidity may be used, for example the percentage of detached cells, wherein conversely a low number is indicative of a higher cellular avidity.
  • percentage the ratio of cells that remain attached or are detached divided by the total number of cells that interacted may be provided. In case of a cellular avidity plot, the area under (or above) the curve may be determined.
  • a unit that is representative of the number of cells of interest that have detached or cells of interest that have remained attached, relative to the total number of cells that have interacted.
  • Such a unit allows for ranking cellular avidities, when comparing e.g. different cells of interest.
  • Providing such a unit may be referred to as providing a cellular avidity score.
  • a preferred cellular avidity score may be the percentage of cells of interest that remains attached relative to the cells of interest that have interacted, the latter being set at 100%.
  • a cellular avidity score is preferably provided.
  • any suitable force application method may be contemplated in processes for determining cellular avidity as described herein.
  • increasing the force is well controlled.
  • the applied force is a force ramp, preferably a linear force ramp. It is understood that when a force is selected to be applied it can be a constant force applied for a defined period.
  • the forces applied may be in various forms as a function of time.
  • the applied force is an increasing force. That is, after the incubation step, an increasing force is applied for a defined period until a defined end force is reached.
  • a linear force ramp may be applied for 150 seconds resulting in a defined end force of 1000 pN.
  • the ratio or difference between the cellular avidity of cells of interest and control cells is determined.
  • the ratio of the cellular avidity between cells of interest and control cells is preferably as large as possible.
  • control cell background binding is about 15% or less and cells of interest binding is about 85% or more, for example from 85-95%.
  • the percentage difference between cellular avidity of control cells and cells of interest is at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60% at least 70%, at least 80% and preferably at least 90%.
  • conditions are selected with the largest difference between the percentages. In an embodiment wherein e.g.
  • the present application also describes processes for identifying a candidate agent capable of modulating the cellular avidity between a cell of interest and a cell that is attached to the second coating, wherein in the incubation step, and cellular avidity determination step of the processes as described herein agent(s) are provided and included in these steps.
  • agent(s) capable of doing so can be identified.
  • the cells that are attached to the second coating can also be used in processes for screening of different cells of interest, by performing the processes as described herein, optionally in the presence of agent(s) as defined above, and comparing determined cellular avidities for the different cells of interest.
  • a candidate agent is provided for modulating the avidity between a cell of interest and a cell that is attached to the second coating, and wherein said agent is present in the incubation step and step of determining cellular avidity.
  • the processes for determining cellular avidity as described herein may comprise the step of providing a cell engager.
  • Cell engagers include antibodies, or the like, which are capable of binding to a target cell and a cell of interest, e.g. an effector cell.
  • Such antibodies may include single chain antibodies comprising two binding domains such as scFv domains, and include BiTEs (/.e. bispecific T-cell engagers) or the like.
  • a conventional antibody design includes heavy and light chains, with one half of the antibody (one heavy chain and one light chain) engaging with a target cell, and the other half of the antibody (another heavy chain and another light chain) engaging with an effector cell, wherein preferably, the Fc domain is made inert.
  • suitable cell engagers are widely known in the art and the current invention allows to study and/or determine cellular avidity induced by a cell engager between a target cell and an effector cell.
  • a cell engager may be provided in addition and the cellular avidity score may be determined, induced by said cell engager, between a cell of interest (e.g. an effector cell) and a target cell.
  • said cell engager has a binding region capable of binding the cell of interest (e.g. an effector cell) and a binding region capable of binding the target cell. It is understood that the incubation step in the processes as described herein can thus be performed in the presence of a cell engager to allow the cells, i.e.
  • a cell engager is provided capable of binding an effector cell and a target cell, and the cell engager is included in the incubation step. Furthermore, such processes are highly useful for screening cell engagers, e.g. by identifying cell engagers that are particular capable of binding an effector cell and a target cell.
  • processes are provided for selecting and/or sorting cells of interest, comprising the steps of the processes as described herein, and optionally in the presence of agent(s) as defined above, comprising the further step of applying the selected force on the cells of interest and subsequently selecting and/or sorting cells of interest that have detached and/or that remain attached to the cells that are attached to the second coating.
  • a process comprising the steps of the processes of determining cellular avidity as described herein, wherein the process is for use in sorting and/or screening of cells of interest. Accordingly, a process is provided for sorting and/or screening of cells of interest comprising the steps of:
  • a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells, wherein the surface comprises a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide, a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide and cells attached to the second coating,
  • the microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells is prepared by performing a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells as described herein.
  • processes may be of use for the screening of candidate agents as well.
  • a further process is provided for screening candidate agents for modulating cellular avidity between of cells of interest and cells attached to the second coating comprising the steps of:
  • a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells, wherein the surface comprises a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide, a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide and cells attached to the second coating,
  • a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells, wherein the surface comprises a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide, a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide and cells attached to the second coating,
  • the one or more candidate agents can be provided together with the cell of interest.
  • the cells of interest may be preincubated with the one or more candidate agents for a period of time before provision.
  • the one or more candidate agents can be provided before or after provision of the cells of interest.
  • the process comprises a further step of comparing the cellular avidity score in the presence and absence of the one or more candidate agents.
  • the process comprises a further step of selecting one or more candidate agent that have a suitable characteristic, e.g. high cellular avidity score, medium cellular avidity score, low cellular avidity score etc. compared to the other candidate agents provided.
  • the microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells is prepared by performing a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells as described herein.
  • Cells of interest which can be selected and/or sorted and thus be obtained accordingly with processes as described herein may subsequently in a further step be admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer or otherwise pharmaceutical acceptably formulated.
  • the present application also describes a microfluidic device obtainable by a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells as described herein.
  • the present application also describes a microfluidic device obtained by a process for preparing a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells as described herein.
  • the present application also describes a microfluidic device comprising a surface, wherein the surface comprises a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide and a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide.
  • the present application also describes a microfluidic device comprising a surface, wherein the surface comprises a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide, a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide, and cells attached to the second coating.
  • a microfluidic device as described herein comprises one or more internal spaces including a vessel, typically in the form of a flow channel.
  • the flow channel may be configured to convey a flow of fluid.
  • the microfluidic device as described herein may also comprise one or more compartments configured to contain one or more fluids.
  • the microfluidic device as described herein may also comprise one or more connectors for connecting purposes.
  • the microfluidic device comprises a unitary body in which the one or more internal spaces are at least partly formed.
  • the present application also describes a cell culture device comprising a surface, wherein the surface comprises a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide and a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide.
  • a "cell culture device” as used herein means a receptacle that can contain media for culturing a cell or tissue.
  • the cell culture device may include glass, ceramics, metal, plastic or any combination thereof.
  • the plastic is non-cytotoxic.
  • the plastic may include natural polymers and/or synthetic polymers.
  • Exemplary cell culture devices include, but are not limited to, single and multi-well plates, including 6-well and 12-well culture plates, and smaller welled culture plates such as 96-, 384-, and 1536-well plates, culture jars, culture dishes, petri dishes, culture flasks, culture plates, culture roller bottles, culture slides, including chambered and multi-chambered culture slides, culture tubes, coverslips, cups, spinner bottles, perfusion chambers, bioreactors, and fermenters.
  • single and multi-well plates including 6-well and 12-well culture plates, and smaller welled culture plates such as 96-, 384-, and 1536-well plates, culture jars, culture dishes, petri dishes, culture flasks, culture plates, culture roller bottles, culture slides, including chambered and multi-chambered culture slides, culture tubes, coverslips, cups, spinner bottles, perfusion chambers, bioreactors, and fermenters.
  • a cell culture device as described herein may also be used in a process for determining cellular avidity as described herein.
  • a cell culture device as described herein may also be used in a process for sorting or screening cells of interest as described herein.
  • a cell culture device as described herein may also be used in a process for screening candidate agents for modulating cellular avidity between cells as described herein.
  • the polypeptide comprised in the first coating is selected from the group consisting of poly-L-lysine, poly- D-lysine, poly-L-ornithine, concanavalin A, and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the polypeptide comprised in the second coating is selected from the group consisting of laminin, collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, osteopontin, procollagen, elastin, tenascin, entactin, thrombospondin, osteocalcin, von Willibrand Factor, cadherins, protocadherins, desmogleins, desmocollins, tumor associated tyrosine kinase surface proteins, tumor associated transmembrane proteins and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the polypeptide comprised in the second coating is a fibrinogen.
  • the polypeptide comprised in the second coating is a cadherin.
  • the cadherin is selected from the group consisting of E- cadherin (CDH1), N-cadherin (CDH2), N-cadherin 2 (CDH12), P-cadherin (CDH3), R- cadherin (CDH4), VE-cadherin (CDH5), K-cadherin (CDH6), cadherin 7 (CDH7), cadherin 8 (CDH8), cadherin 9 (CDH9), cadherin 10 (CDH10), OB-cadherin (CDH11), T- cadherin (CDH13), M-cadherin (CDH15), KSP-cadherin (CDH16), Ll-cadherin (CDH17), cadherin 18 (CDH18), cadherin 19 (CDH19), cadherin 20 (CDH20), cadherin 23 (CDH23), CD
  • the cadherin is E- cadherin.
  • the desmoglein is selected from the group consisting of DSG1 , DSG2, DSG3, DSG4, and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the desmocollin is selected from the group consisting of DSC1 , DSC2, DSC3, and active domains thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the protocadherin is selected from the group consisting of PCDH1 , PCDH7, PCDH8, PCDH9, PCDH10, PCDH11X/11Y, PCDH12, PCDH15, PCDH17, PCDH18, PCDH19, PCDH20, PCDHA1 , PCDHA2, PCDHA3, PCDHA4, PCDHA5, PCDHA6, PCDHA7, PCDHA8, PCDHA9, PCDHA10, PCDHA11, PCDHA12, PCDHA13, PCDHAC1 , PCDHAC2, PCDHB1, PCDHB2, PCDHB3, PCDHB4, PCDHB5, PCDHB6, PCDHB7, PCDHB8, PCDHB9, PCDHB10, PCDHB11 , PCDHB12, PCDHB13, PCDHB14, PCDHB15, PCDHB16, PCDHB17, PCDHB18, PCDHGA1 , PCDHGA2, PCDHGA3, PCDHGA4, PCDHGA5, PCDHGA6, PCDHGA7, PCDHGA7
  • microfluidic devices and/or cell culture devices as described herein can be used for cell avidity measurements and for sorting of cells of interest, they however may also be used to conduct one or more of a wide range of investigations of interactions between cells and one or more substances.
  • Such interactions to be investigated may include, but are not limited to, an effect of the substance(s) on one or more of: cell attachment, cell growth, cell survival, cell differentiation, cell apoptosis/death and multicellular structure.
  • the activity or interaction of substances on cell motility, cell migration, cell to cell interactions as well as cell-protein signal interactions are also important activities that can be studied using the microfluidic devices and/or cell culture devices as described herein.
  • Substances of interest in such investigations may include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutical compounds or other therapeutics, exosomes, nanomicelles, nanoparticles, toxins, small molecules, nucleic acids (including nucleic acid vectors), oligonucleotides (including antisense oligonucleotides), oligopeptides, proteins, ribozymes, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, short hairpin RNAs, aptamers, viruses, and antibodies or antigen binding parts thereof.
  • nucleic acids including nucleic acid vectors
  • oligonucleotides including antisense oligonucleotides
  • oligopeptides proteins
  • ribozymes small interfering RNAs
  • microRNAs microRNAs
  • short hairpin RNAs aptamers
  • viruses and antibodies or antigen binding parts thereof.
  • the present application also describes a kit of parts comprising a microfluidic device comprising a surface, a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide, and a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide.
  • the present application also describes a kit of parts comprising a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide, and a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide.
  • a microfluidic device present in the kit of parts refers to a device having the required structural configuration of a microfluidic devices as described herein, but in which a first coating comprising at least a polypeptide and/or a second coating comprising at least a polypeptide is yet to be formed.
  • kits of parts as described herein may be stored in one or more containers prior to their application and/or use.
  • kits of parts as described herein may be multi-pack kits wherein different components are stored in a plurality of containers.
  • a kit of parts as described herein may further comprise instructions for coating the surface with the first and/or second coating and, optionally, instructions for contacting and attaching cells with a surface coated with the second coating to provide a microfluidic device comprising a surface comprising cells.
  • the microfluidic devices used in the experiment were z-Movi® chips (obtained and as available from LUMICKS).
  • the chips were coated with: a) poly-L-Lysine (Sigma) diluted 1 :5 in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) for 10 minutes at room temperature. Thereafter the chips were dried for 5 minutes using air, or b) poly-L-Lysine (Sigma) diluted 1 :5 in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) for 10 minutes at room temperature. Thereafter, the chips were dried for 5 minutes using air. Next, the chips were coated using 2.5 pg/ml recombinant human E-cadherin in DPBS for 60 minutes at 37°C.
  • MCF7 cells were grown in culture in RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % (w/v) glutamine for 24-48 hours at 37°C and 5% CO2 until 70-90% confluency was reached. The cells were then treated for 5 minutes at 37°C with 1 ml undiluted TrypLETM Express (Thermo Fisher). Next, the TrypLETM Express was blocked by using at least 4x the volume (compared to the TrypLETM Express volume used) of RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % (w/v) glutamine and the cells were spun down at 200xg.
  • RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % (w/v) glutamine
  • the cells were resuspended in 1 ml of RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1 % (w/v) glutamine and 10 U/ml DNase I and incubated for 5 minutes. Next, the cells were spun down at 200xg and resuspended in RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % (w/v) glutamine at a concentration of 80-100e6 cells/ml.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • the chips were loaded with 12.5 pl of the cell suspension using pipetting. After 45 minutes the medium was refreshed and 75 minutes later the chips were ready for use.
  • the cell monolayer quality was analysed by analysing four parameters: the confluency of the cell monolayer, the dumpiness of the cell monolayer, the resistance of the cell monolayer to shear flow force and the resistance of the cell monolayer to acoustic force.
  • the four parameters were measured by visually checking the monolayer in the z- Movi® chip.
  • the chip is placed on the z-Movi® cell avidity analyzer (obtained and as available from LUMICKS) and the monolayer was observed using the software of the z- Movi® cell avidity analyzer,
  • the z-Movi® cell avidity analyzer contains a microscope with a 10x magnification lens. The confluency of the monolayer was visually analysed.
  • the resistance of the monolayer to shear flow force was checked by creating negative pressure in the chip, flowing cell culture medium through the chip and observing the cell monolayer in parallel. There is resistance to shear flow force, if the cells stay stuck in the monolayer. When cells are released, there is no resistance to shear flow force.
  • acoustic force of 1000pN was applied by the z-Movi® cell avidity analyzer. There is resistance to acoustic force, if cells stay bound. When cells are released, there is no resistance to acoustic force.
  • the microfluidic devices used in the experiment were z-Movi® chips (obtained and as available from LUMICKS).
  • the chips were coated with: a) poly-L-Lysine (Sigma) diluted 1 :5 in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) for 10 minutes at room temperature. Thereafter the chips were dried for 5 minutes using air, or b) poly-L-Lysine (Sigma) diluted 1 :5 in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) for 10 minutes at room temperature. Thereafter, the chips were dried for 5 minutes using air. Next, the chips were coated using 5 pg/ml recombinant human E-cadherin in DPBS for 90 minutes at 37°C.
  • MCF7 cells were grown in culture in RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % (w/v) glutamine for 24-48 hours at 37°C and 5% CO2 until 70-90% confluency was reached. The cells were then treated for 2 minutes at 37°C with 1 ml undiluted TrypLETM Express (Thermo Fisher). The TrypLETM Express was discarded and the cells were treated for 5 minutes at 37°C with 1 ml fresh undiluted TrypLETM Express.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • glutamine glutamine
  • the TrypLETM Express was blocked by using at least 4x the volume (compared to the TrypLETM Express volume used) of RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % (w/v) glutamine and the cells were spun down at 200xg.
  • the cells were resuspended in 1 ml of RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1 % (w/v) glutamine and 10 U/ml DNase I and incubated for 5 minutes.
  • the cells were spun down at 200xg and resuspended in RPMI medium comprising 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% (w/v) glutamine at a concentration of 70e6 cells/ml.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • glutamine 1% (w/v) glutamine
  • the chips were loaded with 10 pl of the cell suspension using pipetting. After 45 minutes the medium was refreshed and 75 minutes later the chips were ready for use.
  • the cell monolayer quality was analysed by analysing four parameters: the confluency of the cell monolayer, the dumpiness of the cell monolayer, the resistance of the cell monolayer to shear flow force and the resistance of the cell monolayer to acoustic force.
  • the four parameters were analysed as described in Example 1. The results are given in Table 2.
  • microfluidic devices used in the experiment were z-Movi® chips (obtained and as available from LUMICKS). Chips were coated with: a) poly-L-Lysine, b) poly-L-Lysine and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (Eph2A), or c) poly-L-Lysine and B7 Homolog 3 (B7H3, also called CD276).
  • the flow cell coating procedure was essentially done as described in Examples 1 and 2 with the proviso that in case of multiple-coated flow cells the second coating was applied at a concentration of 2.0 pg/ml and the incubation was performed for 60 minutes.
  • NK cells were obtained as described in Chockley et al. Synapse-tuned CARs enhance immune cell anti-tumor activity. Nat. Biotechnol. (2023) (https://doi.Org/10.1038/S41587-022-01650-2).
  • the chips were loaded with NK cells at a concentration of 10e6/ml.
  • NK cells exhibited a high avidity to the single-coated flow cell as such, while when the flow cells were multiple-coated the avidity was much lower.
  • High avidity to a coating itself is disadvantageous for cells of interest (e.g. NK cells) in cell avidity experiments as the window of the avidity assay is smaller, making it difficult to detect differences between cells of interest.
  • microfluidic devices used in the experiment were z-Movi® chips (obtained and as available from LUMICKS). Chips were coated with: a) poly-L-Lysine, b) poly-L-Lysine and Eph2A, or c) poly-L-Lysine and B7H3.
  • the flow cell coating procedure was essentially done as described in Examples 1 and 2 with the proviso that in case of multiple-coated flow cells the second coating was applied at a concentration of 2.0 pg/ml and the incubation was performed for 60 minutes.
  • CAR T cells were obtained as described in Chockley et al. Synapse-tuned CARs enhance immune cell anti-tumor activity. Nat. Biotechnol. (2023) (https://d0i.0rg/l 0.1038/S41587-022-01650-2).
  • the chips were loaded with CAR T cells at a concentration of 10e6/ml.
  • Table 1 Monolayer quality of single-coated and multiple-coated chips as evaluated by four different parameters.
  • Table 2 Monolayer quality of single-coated and multiple-coated chips as evaluated by four different parameters.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispositifs permettant de mesurer l'avidité cellulaire et des procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces dispositifs.
PCT/EP2023/074894 2022-09-12 2023-09-11 Dispositif microfluidique doté d'une surface multicouche comportant au moins deux polypeptides différents WO2024056601A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

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