WO2024055828A1 - 蒸汽发生器、缓解其传热管磨损的方法及元器件安装方法 - Google Patents

蒸汽发生器、缓解其传热管磨损的方法及元器件安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055828A1
WO2024055828A1 PCT/CN2023/114555 CN2023114555W WO2024055828A1 WO 2024055828 A1 WO2024055828 A1 WO 2024055828A1 CN 2023114555 W CN2023114555 W CN 2023114555W WO 2024055828 A1 WO2024055828 A1 WO 2024055828A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam generator
heat transfer
fluid
inner sleeve
transfer tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/114555
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周全
刘畅
矫明
张伟
应秉斌
唐力晨
巢孟科
张锴
景益
林绍萱
贺寅彪
邵长磊
李晨
门启明
张星亮
黄�俊
姚彦贵
尤岩
张毅成
李经怀
杨星
Original Assignee
上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024055828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055828A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0131—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of steam generators.
  • the present invention provides a steam generator, a method for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator, and an installation method of components for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a steam generator, including:
  • the inner sleeve is arranged inside the housing, and the outer surface of the inner sleeve and the inner surface of the housing form a descending channel for the fluid;
  • the heat transfer tube bundle is arranged inside the inner sleeve to exchange heat with the fluid
  • a primary separator which is arranged directly above the heat transfer tube bundle and the inner sleeve and is fixed inside the shell to separate gas and liquid of the heat-exchanged fluid;
  • the resistance component is arranged at the entrance of the descending channel to buffer the fluid flowing through and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • the bottom of the primary separator is provided with a first support plate, and the resistance element is fixed on the circumferential side of the first support plate.
  • the resistance element includes a plurality of arc-shaped plates, and the plurality of arc-shaped plates are combined to form a circular ring plate surrounding the circumference of the first support plate.
  • the resistance component is provided with a plurality of first water holes, and the total flow area of the first water holes is 0.1-2m 2 .
  • the steam generator of the invention further includes a flow equalizing component to buffer the fluid after heat exchange by the heat transfer tube bundle and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • a second support plate is provided on the top of the inner sleeve, and the current equalizing component is disposed on the upper surface of the second support plate.
  • the current sharing component includes a plurality of rectangular slats.
  • the current equalizing component is provided with a plurality of second water holes, and the total flow area of the second water holes is 0.01-0.3m 2 .
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for alleviating the wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator.
  • the steam generator includes:
  • the inner sleeve is arranged inside the housing, and the outer surface of the inner sleeve and the inner surface of the housing form a descending channel for the fluid;
  • the heat transfer tube bundle is arranged inside the inner sleeve to exchange heat with the fluid
  • the primary separator is installed directly above the heat transfer tube bundle and the inner sleeve, and is fixed inside the upper shell to separate the gas and liquid of the heat-exchanged fluid;
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • a resistance component is installed at the entrance of the descending channel to buffer the flowing fluid and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • the method of mitigating the wear of heat transfer tubes in steam generators of the present invention also includes:
  • a flow balancing component is arranged on the top of the inner sleeve to buffer the fluid after heat exchange through the heat transfer tube bundle and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for installing components that alleviates the wear of heat transfer tubes in steam generators.
  • Steam generators include,
  • the inner sleeve is arranged inside the housing, and the outer surface of the inner sleeve and the inner surface of the housing form a descending channel for the fluid;
  • the heat transfer tube bundle is arranged inside the inner sleeve to exchange heat with the fluid
  • a primary separator which is arranged directly above the heat transfer tube bundle and the inner sleeve and is fixed inside the shell to separate gas and liquid of the heat-exchanged fluid;
  • Resistance component which is arranged at the entrance of the descending channel to buffer the fluid flowing through and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • Installation methods include:
  • the resistance element is fixed to the bottom of the primary separator by welding.
  • the installation method of the components of the present invention to solve the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator,
  • the steam generator also includes flow equalizing components to buffer the fluid after heat exchange by the heat transfer tube bundle and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • Installation methods also include:
  • the flow equalizing components are fed into the interior of the steam generator through the steam generator access hole, inserted above the heat transfer tube bundle, and fixed on the top of the inner sleeve.
  • the steam generator, the method for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator, and the installation method of components for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator of the present invention reduce The flow area of the descending channel of the steam generator is small, the flow resistance of the descending channel is increased, and the secondary side fluid circulation of the steam generator is improved.
  • By optimizing and improving the secondary side structure of the steam generator we can overcome the flow-induced vibration and wear of the heat transfer tube bundle due to uneven flow field or too fast flow rate in the steam generator. Without affecting the heat exchange efficiency, we can effectively Avoid the occurrence of heat transfer tube bundle rupture accidents.
  • Figure 1 is an overall structural diagram of a steam generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the resistance component installed around the first support plate according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial schematic diagram of a current sharing component installed on a second support plate according to a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a method for mitigating the wear of the heat transfer tube of a steam generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. flow chart;
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of an installation method of components for mitigating the wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a steam generator, a method for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator, and an installation method of components for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator.
  • Figure 1 is an overall structural diagram of a steam generator 100 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the steam generator 100 of this embodiment includes a housing 1, an inner sleeve 2, a heat transfer tube bundle 3 and a primary separator 4.
  • the housing 1 includes an upper housing 11 , a tapered housing 12 and a lower housing 13 .
  • the axes of the upper housing 11, the conical housing 12 and the lower housing 13 coincide.
  • the diameter of the upper housing 11 is larger than the diameter of the lower housing 13.
  • One end of the conical housing 12 is connected to the upper housing 11 and the other end is connected to the lower housing.
  • the body 13 makes the steam generator 100 form a sealed structure.
  • the inner sleeve 2 is arranged inside the housing 1, and a descending channel 21 for fluid is formed between the outer surface of the inner sleeve 2 and the inner surface of the housing 1.
  • the heat transfer tube bundle 3 is arranged inside the inner sleeve 2 to exchange heat with the fluid.
  • the heat transfer tube bundle 3 includes a straight tube section 31 and an elbow area 32. In order to clearly show the structure of the present invention, FIG. 1 does not show all the straight tube sections 31.
  • the primary separator 4 is arranged directly above the heat transfer tube bundle 3 and the inner sleeve 2 and fixed inside the shell 1 to separate the gas and liquid of the fluid after heat exchange.
  • the bottom of the primary separator 4 is located in the upper housing 11 , close to the connection position between the conical housing 12 and the upper housing 11 .
  • the top of the inner sleeve 2 is located in the conical housing 12 and is close to the connection position between the conical housing 12 and the upper housing 11 .
  • the upper housing 11 is provided with a water supply inlet 111.
  • the fluid enters the interior of the steam generator 100 through the water supply inlet 111, and flows to the bottom of the lower housing 13 through the descending channel 21 formed by the outer surface of the inner sleeve 2 and the inner surface of the housing 1. And flows into the inside of the inner sleeve 2 from the bottom of the lower housing 13 .
  • the saturated water vapor rises along the inner sleeve 2 and enters the primary separator 4.
  • the primary separator 4 separates the saturated water vapor into gas and liquid.
  • the saturated water flows downward and mixes with the water inside the steam generator 100. It then undergoes a heating cycle again and is separated.
  • the steam flows upward, enters the dryer for separation again, and finally flows out of the steam generator 100, completing the secondary side cycle of the steam generator 100.
  • the fluid After the fluid flows to the bottom of the lower shell 13 through the descending channel 21, it enters the inner sleeve 2 and exchanges heat with the heat transfer tube bundle 3. Due to the fast flow rate of the fluid, it is easy to cause flow-induced vibration in the heat transfer tube bundle 3, accelerating the heat transfer tube bundle 3. of wear and tear.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 1.
  • a resistance component 5 is provided at the entrance of the descending channel 21 to buffer the flowing fluid and reduce the flow speed of the fluid.
  • the bottom of the primary separator 4 is provided with a first support plate 41, which is used to support the primary separator 4.
  • the first support plate 41 is located above the heat transfer tube bundle 3, and the bottom is connected to the sleeve 2.
  • the resistance element 5 is fixed on On the circumferential side of the first support plate 41 , the resistance element 5 can be covered above the descending channel 21 .
  • the resistance component 5 is arranged on the first support plate 41, which can directly improve the original structure without changing the main structure of the existing steam generator 100, making full use of existing equipment and saving costs.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the resistance component 5 installed around the first support plate 41 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Structures unrelated to the present invention are not shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the resistance component 5 includes a plurality of arc-shaped plates 51 , and the plurality of arc-shaped plates 51 are combined to form a circular ring plate surrounding the circumference of the first support plate 41 .
  • the arc plate 51 can be made of metal, and the circular ring plate composed of multiple arc plates 51 can include various combinations. In the circumferential direction, it can include 2 to 30 arc-shaped plates 51 with the same angle or different angles. These arc-shaped plates 51 are combined into a circular ring plate. For example, when 4 arc-shaped plates 51 are included, these 4 arc-shaped plates 51 The shaped plate 51 may be composed of the same 90° arc plate 51, or it may be an arc plate 51 with an angle sum of 360°, preferably the arc plate 51 with the same angle. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , the resistance component 5 includes 19 arc-shaped plates 51 in the circumferential direction, which is only an example and does not limit the present invention.
  • the radial direction it can include 1 to 5 arc-shaped plates 51 of uniform width or non-uniform width, and the total width of the arc-shaped plates 51 in the radial direction is 25 mm to 90 mm, thereby covering the descending channel 21 .
  • the number of arc-shaped plates 51 in the radial direction is determined according to the distance between the outer periphery of the first support plate 41 and the inner wall of the housing 1 and the width of the arc-shaped plates 51.
  • the resistance element 5 is Only one curved plate 51 is included, which is just an example and does not limit the present invention.
  • the resistance component 5 is provided with a plurality of first water holes 52.
  • the structural form of the first water holes 52 is not limited and can be evenly distributed round holes or elongated holes.
  • the total flow area of all the first water holes 52 is 0.1 -2m 2 to allow the fluid to smoothly flow into the bottom of the lower housing 13 and ensure that the fluid flow rate can be slowed down.
  • the steam generator 100 is provided with a manhole channel 7.
  • the manhole channel 7 is provided on the upper casing 11.
  • the function of the manhole channel 7 is to provide a maintenance channel for the steam generator 100 equipment. Maintenance personnel can pass through the manhole channel 7. hole into the interior of the steam generator 100.
  • the resistance component 5 can be installed on the existing steam generator 100 and sent through the manhole channel 7 of the steam generator 100. into the top of the primary separator 4, and then into the outer ring of the first support plate 41 through the primary separator manhole 42, and are directly welded to the outer peripheral surface of the first support plate 41 through welding.
  • the overall flow resistance of the secondary side of the steam generator 100 is changed, and the secondary side flow field of the steam generator 100 is changed.
  • the resistance increases, thereby reducing the secondary side flow resistance.
  • the local flow velocity and density of the fluid change the degree of wear of the steam generator 100.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the current sharing component 6 installed on the second support plate 22 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second support plate 22 and the heat transfer tube bundle 3 are not completely shown.
  • a flow equalizing component 6 is also provided inside the steam generator 100 to The heat-exchanged fluid in the heat transfer tube bundle 3 is buffered to reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • a second support plate 22 is provided on the top of the inner sleeve 2 , and the current equalizing component 6 is provided on the upper surface of the second support plate 22 .
  • the heat transfer tube bundle 3 includes a straight tube section 31 and an elbow area 32 .
  • the second support plate 22 is located at the upper part of the straight tube section 31 and the lower part of the elbow area 32 of the heat transfer tube bundle 3 .
  • the second support plate 22 is provided with a heat transfer tube hole 221.
  • the heat transfer tubes of the heat transfer tube bundle 3 penetrate the heat transfer tube hole 221.
  • the function of the second support plate 22 is to support the heat transfer tube bundle 3 and provide fluid. flow channel.
  • the current sharing component 6 includes a plurality of rectangular strips 61 .
  • the rectangular strips 61 can be made of metal.
  • the current sharing component 6 composed of the rectangular strips 61 can include various combinations.
  • the rectangular slat 61 can be a whole board or can be spliced in the length and width directions. In the length direction, it includes rectangular slats 61 that can be divided into 1 to 30 pieces of uniform length or non-uniform length. Each piece The length of the rectangular slat 61 is between 120mm and 3900mm. In the width direction, it can be divided into 1 to 5 rectangular strips 61 of uniform or non-uniform width, with a width between 5 mm and 110 mm.
  • a variety of rectangular slats 61 of different specifications are provided to cover the upper surface of the second support plate 22 through different combinations, thereby buffering the fluid.
  • the current equalizing component 6 is provided with a plurality of second water flow holes 62, the hole diameter is 2 mm to 18 mm, the flow area of a single hole is 3 mm 2 to 300 mm 2 , the number of openings is 100 to 400, and the total flow area is 0.01- 0.3m 2 .
  • the structural form of the second water flow holes 62 is not limited, and may be evenly distributed round holes or elongated holes, so that water vapor can smoothly flow into the primary separator 4 and ensure that the fluid flow rate can be slowed down.
  • the steam generator 100 also includes an access hole 8.
  • the access hole 8 is provided on the housing 1 of the steam generator 100 and is located above the side of the second support plate 22.
  • the current equalizing element can be connected through the access hole 8.
  • the device 6 is fed above the second support plate 22 and inserted into the pipe gallery area above the second support plate 22.
  • the pipe gallery area is located in the middle of the second support plate 22.
  • the minimum R radius of the heat transfer tube bundle 3 is the innermost
  • the middle area formed by the two straight sections of the heat transfer tube is fixed to the second support plate 22 through rivet nuts.
  • a flow equalizing component 6 is provided above the second support plate 22 of the existing steam generator 100 to reduce the circulation area of the second support plate 22 of the heat transfer tube bundle 3 of the steam generator 100, resulting in poor fluid circulation in this area. , which alleviates the local fluid flow rate in this area and achieves the effect of slowing down the wear of the heat transfer tube.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method for mitigating wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method of mitigating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator in this embodiment uses the steam generator 100 as described above to buffer the incoming fluid flow rate.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • step S1 a resistance component 5 is provided at the entrance of the descending channel 21 to buffer the fluid flowing through and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • the resistance component 5 is arranged above the descending channel 21 formed by the housing 1 and the inner sleeve 2,
  • the fluid enters the interior of the steam generator 100 from the feed water inlet 111, flows to the top of the resistance component 5, flows from the resistance component 5 into the descending channel 21, flows to the bottom of the lower housing 13, and then flows into the inner sleeve from the bottom of the lower housing 13.
  • a resistance element 5 is provided at the entrance of the descending channel 21 to buffer the flowing fluid and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • step S2 a flow equalizing component 6 is installed on the top of the inner sleeve 2 to buffer the fluid after heat exchange by the heat transfer tube bundle and reduce the flow rate of the fluid.
  • the fluid After the fluid flows to the bottom of the lower shell 13 through the descending channel 21, it enters the inner sleeve 2 and exchanges heat with the heat transfer tube bundle 3 to form water vapor. After the water vapor rises to the top of the inner sleeve 2, it passes through the inner sleeve 2.
  • the flow equalizing component 6 installed on the top of the inner sleeve 2, the flow area of the second support plate 22 of the heat transfer tube bundle 3 of the steam generator 100 is reduced, making the fluid flow in this area not smooth and alleviating the local problems in this area.
  • the fluid flow rate achieves the effect of slowing down the wear of the heat transfer tube.
  • the decelerated fluid flows upward into the primary separator 4 for gas-liquid separation.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of an installation method of components for mitigating the wear of heat transfer tubes in a steam generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the installation method of the components that alleviates the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator in this embodiment is improved on the existing steam generator and includes the following steps:
  • Step S3 enter the resistance component into the interior of the steam generator 100 through the manhole channel 7 of the steam generator 100;
  • Step S4 send the resistance component 5 between the lower housing 13 and the inner sleeve 2 through the primary separator manhole 42 on the upper part of the primary separator 4;
  • the resistance component 5 is fixed on the first support plate 41 at the bottom of the primary separator 4 by welding.
  • step S5 the flow equalizing component 6 is sent into the interior of the steam generator 100 through the steam generator access hole 8, inserted above the heat transfer tube bundle 3, and fixed on the top of the inner sleeve 2.
  • the secondary side structure of the steam generator 100 is based on the original steam generating On the basis of the steam generator 100, the secondary side structure of the steam generator 100 is improved without changing the internal structure of the steam generator 100, thereby improving the versatility of the secondary side structure of the steam generator 100.
  • the above-mentioned resistance component 5 and flow-sharing component 6 can also be directly installed when the steam generator 100 is newly manufactured, and are not limited by the above-mentioned installation method.
  • the steam generator, the method for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator, and the installation method of the components for alleviating the wear of the heat transfer tube of the steam generator of the present invention are provided by arranging a resistance element at the entrance of the descending channel 21 of the steam generator 100 Device 6 reduces the flow area of the descending channel 21 of the steam generator 100, increases the flow resistance of the descending channel 21, and improves the secondary side fluid circulation of the steam generator 100. By optimizing and improving the secondary side structure of the steam generator, it is possible to overcome the flow-induced vibration and wear of the heat transfer tube bundle 3 of the steam generator 100 due to uneven flow field or excessive flow speed, without affecting the heat transfer efficiency. On this basis, the occurrence of heat transfer tube bundle rupture accidents can be effectively avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种蒸汽发生器、缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法、及缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，该蒸汽发生器包括壳体；内套筒，其设置在壳体内部，内套筒外侧面与壳体内侧面形成流体的下降通道；传热管束，其设置在内套筒内部，与流体进行换热；初级分离器，其设置在传热管束和内套筒正上方，并固定在壳体内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离；和阻力元器件，其设置在下降通道的入口处，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。通过对蒸汽发生器二次侧结构进行优化改进，克服蒸汽发生器传热管束由于流场不均或流速过快导致传热管束发生流致振动磨损，在不影响换热效率的基础上，有效避免传热管束破裂事故的发生。

Description

蒸汽发生器、缓解其传热管磨损的方法及元器件安装方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年09月16日提交的名称为“一种缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的系统和方法”的中国专利申请202211127714.X的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及蒸汽发生器技术领域。
背景技术
核电厂蒸汽发生器在运行过程中，由于传热管束流场不均匀或流速过大，导致传热管束经常发生流致振动现象，从而造成传热管与支撑板或传热管与抗振条出现一定程度的磨损，最终导致传热管破裂，严重影响核电站的运行安全。
目前，当发生传热管磨损深度超过限制以后，一般采用堵管的方式进行处理，大量堵管会影响到蒸汽发生器的换热效率。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种蒸汽发生器、缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法、及缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，通过对蒸汽发生器结构进行优化改进，克服蒸汽发生器传热管束由于流场不均或流速过快导致传热管束发生流致振动磨损，在不影响换热效率的基础上，有效避免传热管束破裂事故的发生。
本发明第一方面提供一种蒸汽发生器，包括：
壳体；
内套筒，其设置在壳体内部，内套筒外侧面与壳体内侧面形成流体的下降通道；
传热管束，其设置在内套筒内部，与流体进行换热；
初级分离器，其设置在传热管束和内套筒正上方，并固定在壳体内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离；和
阻力元器件，其设置在下降通道的入口处，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
优选地，初级分离器的底部设有第一支撑板，所述阻力元器件固定在所述第一支撑板周向的侧面上。
优选地，阻力元器件包括多个弧形板，多个弧形板组合形成环绕所述第一支撑板周向的圆形环板。
优选地，阻力元器件设有多个第一流水孔，所述第一流水孔的总流通面积为0.1-2m2。
优选地，发明的蒸汽发生器，还包括均流元器件，对经所述传热管束换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
优选地，内套筒顶部设有第二支撑板，所述均流元器件设置在所述第二支撑板上表面。
优选地，均流元器件包括多个长方形板条。
优选地，所述均流元器件上设置有多个第二流水孔，所述第二流水孔的总流通面积为0.01-0.3m2。
本发明第二方面提供一种缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法，所述蒸汽发生器包括，
壳体；
内套筒，其设置在壳体内部，内套筒外侧面与壳体内侧面形成流体的下降通道；
传热管束，其设置在内套筒内部，与流体进行换热；
初级分离器，其设置在传热管束和内套筒正上方，并固定在上壳体内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离；
所述方法包括以下步骤：
在下降通道的入口处设置阻力元器件，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
优选地，本发明的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法还包括：
在内套筒顶部设置均流元器件，对经传热管束换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
本发明第三方面提供一种缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，
蒸汽发生器包括，
壳体；
内套筒，其设置在壳体内部，内套筒外侧面与壳体内侧面形成流体的下降通道；
传热管束，其设置在内套筒内部，与流体进行换热；
初级分离器，其设置在传热管束和内套筒正上方，并固定在壳体内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离；和
阻力元器件，其设置在下降通道的入口处，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速，
安装方法包括：
将阻力元器件通过蒸汽发生器的人孔通道进入蒸汽发生器内部；
通过初级分离器上部的初级分离器人孔，将阻力元器件送入到内套 筒上方；
通过焊接的方式将阻力元器件固定在初级分离器底部。
优选地，本发明的解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，
蒸汽发生器还包括均流元器件，对经传热管束换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速，
安装方法还包括：
通过蒸汽发生器检修孔将均流元器件送入到蒸汽发生器内部，并插入传热管束的上方，并固定在内套筒顶部。
本发明的蒸汽发生器、缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法、及缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，通过在蒸汽发生器下降通道的入口处设置阻力元器件，减小蒸汽发生器下降通道的流通面积，增加下降通道的流动阻力，改善蒸汽发生器二次侧流体循环。通过对蒸汽发生器二次侧结构进行优化改进，克服蒸汽发生器传热管束由于流场不均或流速过快导致传热管束发生流致振动磨损，在不影响换热效率的基础上，有效避免传热管束破裂事故的发生。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本发明一个具体实施例的蒸汽发生器的整体结构图；
图2为图1中的A部放大图；
图3为本发明一个具体实施例的阻力元器件环绕第一支撑板安装的俯视图；
图4为本发明一个具体实施例的均流元器件安装在第二支撑板上的局部示意图；
图5为本发明一个具体实施例的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法 流程图；
图6为本发明一个具体实施例的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法流程图。
附图标记：
100-蒸汽发生器；
1-壳体；
11-上壳体；
111-给水入口；
12-锥形壳体；
13-下壳体；
2-内套筒；
21-下降通道；
22-第二支撑板；
221-传热管孔；
3-传热管束；
31-直管段；
32-弯头区；
4-初级分离器；
41-第一支撑板；
42-初级分离器人孔；
5-阻力元器件；
51-弧形板；
52-第一流水孔；
6-均流元器件；
61-长方形板条；
62-第二流水孔；
7-人孔通道；
8-检修孔。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本申请的技术方案，下面结合附图对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
针对现有蒸汽发生器传热管束磨损的问题，本发明提供一种蒸汽发生器、缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法、及缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，通过在蒸汽发生器下降通道的入口处设置阻力元器件，减小蒸汽发生器下降通道的流通面积，增加下降通道的流动阻力，改善蒸汽发生器二次侧流体循环。
图1为本发明一个具体实施例的蒸汽发生器100的整体结构图。
如图1所示，本实施例的蒸汽发生器100，包括壳体1、内套筒2、传热管束3和初级分离器4。
壳体1包括上壳体11、锥形壳体12和下壳体13。上壳体11、锥形壳体12和下壳体13的轴线重合，上壳体11的直径大于下壳体13的直径，锥形壳体12一端连接上壳体11，另一端连接下壳体13，使蒸汽发生器100形成密闭结构。
内套筒2设置在壳体1内部，内套筒2外侧面与壳体1内侧面之间形成流体的下降通道21。
传热管束3设置在内套筒2内部，与流体进行换热。传热管束3包括直管段31和弯头区32，图1为了清楚显示本发明的结构，并未显示全部直管段31。
初级分离器4设置在传热管束3和内套筒2正上方，并固定在壳体1内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离。
在一个具体实施例中，初级分离器4的底部位于上壳体11内，与锥形壳体12和上壳体11连接位置接近。内套筒2的顶部位于锥形壳体12内，与锥形壳体12和上壳体11连接位置接近。
上壳体11上设有给水入口111，流体通过给水入口111进入蒸汽发生器100内部，并通过内套筒2外侧面与壳体1内侧面形成的下降通道21流到下壳体13底部，并从下壳体13底部流入内套筒2内部。流体进入内套筒2内部后，与传热管束3进行换热，形成饱和水蒸气。饱和水蒸气沿内套筒2上升，进入初级分离器4，初级分离器4将饱和水蒸气进行气液分离，饱和水向下流动与蒸汽发生器100内部水混合，再次进行加热循环，分离出来的蒸汽向上流动，进入干燥器进行再次分离，最终流出蒸汽发生器100，完成蒸汽发生器100的二次侧循环。
流体通过下降通道21流到下壳体13底部后，进入内套筒2与传热管束3进行换热，由于流体流速较快，容易引起传热管束3产生流致振动，加速传热管束3的磨损。
图2为图1中的A部放大图。
如图2所示，为了降低流体流速过快对传热管束3的影响，在下降通道21的入口处设置阻力元器件5，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
初级分离器4的底部设有第一支撑板41，其用于支撑初级分离器4，第一支撑板41其位于传热管束3上方，底部与套筒2相连接，阻力元器件5固定在第一支撑板41周向的侧面上，从而能够使阻力元器件5覆盖在下降通道21的上方。
阻力元器件5设置在第一支撑板41上，能够不改变现有的蒸汽发生器100的主体结构，在原有结构上直接进行改进，充分利用现有设备，节约成本。
图3为本发明一个具体实施例的阻力元器件5环绕第一支撑板41安装的俯视图，图3中未显示与本发明无关的结构。
如图3所示，在一个具体实施例中，阻力元器件5包括多个弧形板51，多个弧形板51组合形成环绕第一支撑板41周向的圆形环板。
弧形板51可以采用金属材质，多个弧形板51组成的圆形环板可以包括多种组合形式。在周向上，可以包括2～30个相同角度或不同角度的弧形板51，这些弧形板51组合为一个圆形环板，例如，当包括4个弧形板51时，这4个弧形板51可以是相同的90°弧形板51组成，也可以是角度和为360°的任意角度的弧形板51，优选相同角度的弧形板51。图3中所显示的实施例中，阻力元器件5在周向上包括19个弧形板51，其只是一个示例，并不对本发明构成限制。
在径向上，可以包括1～5个均匀宽度或者非均匀宽度的弧形板51拼接组成，在径向上使弧形板51的总宽度为25mm～90mm，从而能够覆盖下降通道21。径向上的弧形板51的数量根据第一支撑板板41外周与壳体1内壁的间距以及弧形板51的宽度决定，图3中所显示的实施例中，阻力元器件5在径向上只包括一个弧形板51，其只是一个示例，并不对本发明构成限制。
阻力元器件5设有多个第一流水孔52，第一流水孔52的结构形式不限，可以是均匀分布的圆孔或长条形孔，所有第一流水孔52的总流通面积为0.1-2m2，使流体顺利流入下壳体13底部，并确保能够减缓流体流速。
如图1所示，蒸汽发生器100设有人孔通道7，人孔通道7设置于上壳体11上，人孔通道7作用是为蒸汽发生器100设备提供检修通道，维修人员可以通过该人孔进入蒸汽发生器100内部。阻力元器件5可以在已有的蒸汽发生器100上进行安装，通过蒸汽发生器100的人孔通道7送 入初级分离器4的上方，再通过初级分离器人孔42送入到第一支撑板41外圈，通过焊接方式直接焊于第一支撑板41外周面上。通过阻力元器件5改变流体下降通道的流通面积，从而改变蒸汽发生器100的二次侧整体流动阻力，实现对蒸汽发生器100的二次侧流场的改变，阻力增加，进而降低二次侧流体局部流速和密度，从而改变蒸汽发生器100的磨损程度。
图4为本发明一个具体实施例的均流元器件6安装在第二支撑板22上的局部示意图。图4中为了清楚显示均流元器件6的结构，未完整显示第二支撑板22以及传热管束3。
如图4所示，流体与传热管束3进行换热形成水蒸气后，为了进一步缓解水蒸气对传热管束3的磨损，在蒸汽发生器100内部还设置有均流元器件6，对经传热管束3换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
如图4所示，在一个具体实施例中，内套筒2顶部设有第二支撑板22，均流元器件6设置在第二支撑板22上表面。
如图1所示，传热管束3包括直管段31和弯头区32，第二支撑板22位于传热管束3直管段31上部和弯头区32下部。
如图4所示，第二支撑板22设置了传热管孔221，传热管束3的传热管贯穿传热管孔221，第二支撑板22的作用是支撑传热管束3和提供流体流动通道。
均流元器件6包括多个长方形板条61，长方形板条61可以采用金属材质，长方形板条61组成的均流元器件6可以包括多种组合形式。长方形板条61可以是整条板也可以是在长和宽方向上拼接而成，在长度方向上，包括可被分为1～30块均匀长度或者非均匀长度的长方形板条61，每块长方形板条61的长度在120mm至3900mm之间。在宽度方向上，可被分为1～5块均匀或者非均匀宽度的长方形板条61，宽度在5mm至110mm之间。
设置多种不同规格的长方形板条61，通过不同的组合形式，覆盖在第二支撑板22上表面，从而对流体进行缓冲。
均流元器件6上设置有多个第二流水孔62，孔直径2mm至18mm，单个孔的流通面积为3mm2～300mm2，开孔数量为100个到400个，总流通面积为0.01-0.3m2。第二流水孔62的结构形式不限，可以是均匀分布的圆孔或长条形孔，使水蒸气顺利流入初级分离器4，并确保能够减缓流体流速。
如图1所示，蒸汽发生器100还包括检修孔8，检修孔8设置在蒸汽发生器100的壳体1上，位于第二支撑板22侧边上方，通过检修孔8可以将均流元器件6送入到第二支撑板22上方，插入第二支撑板22上方的管廊区，管廊区位于第二支撑板22的中间位置，由传热管束3的最小R半径即最内侧的传热管两个直段传热管形成的中间区域，并通过铆螺母的形式与第二支撑板22固定。
在现有的蒸汽发生器100的第二支撑板22上方设置均流元器件6，减小蒸汽发生器100传热管束3的第二支撑板22的流通面积，使得该区域的流体流通不畅，缓解了该区域的局部流体流速，达到减缓传热管磨损的效果。
图5为本发明一个具体实施例的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法流程图。
如图5所示，本实施例的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法，利用如上所述的蒸汽发生器100对进入的流体流速进行缓冲，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，在下降通道21的入口处设置阻力元器件5，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
阻力元器件5设置在壳体1和内套筒2形成的下降通道21的上方， 流体从给水入口111进入到蒸汽发生器100内部，流至阻力元器件5上方，从阻力元器件5流入下降通道21内，流至下壳体13底部后，从下壳体13底部流入内套筒2内部。在下降通道21的入口处设置阻力元器件5，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
步骤S2，在内套筒2顶部设置均流元器件6，对经传热管束换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
流体通过下降通道21流到下壳体13底部后，进入内套筒2与传热管束3进行换热，形成水蒸气，水蒸气在内套筒2内上升至内套筒2顶部后，穿过安装于内套筒2顶部的均流元器件6，减小蒸汽发生器100传热管束3的第二支撑板22的流通面积，使得该区域的流体流通不畅，缓解了该区域的局部流体流速，达到减缓传热管磨损的效果。减速后的流体进入向上流入初级分离器4进行气液分离。
图6为本发明一个具体实施例的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法流程图。
如图6所示，本实施例的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，在现有的蒸汽发生器上进行改进，包括以下步骤：
步骤S3，将阻力元器件通过蒸汽发生器100的人孔通道7进入蒸汽发生器100内部；
步骤S4，通过初级分离器4上部的初级分离器人孔42，将阻力元器件5送入到下壳体13和内套筒2之间；
通过焊接的方式将阻力元器件5固定在初级分离器4底部的第一支撑板41上。
步骤S5，通过蒸汽发生器检修孔8将均流元器件6送入到蒸汽发生器100内部，并插入传热管束3的上方，并固定在内套筒2顶部。
在上述实施例中，蒸汽发生器100的二次侧结构是在原有蒸汽发生 器100的基础上，对蒸汽发生器100二次侧结构进行改进，并不需要改变蒸汽发生器100的内部结构，提高蒸汽发生器100二次侧结构的通用性。当然上述阻力元器件5和均流元器件6也可以在新制造蒸汽发生器100时直接安装，而不受上述安装方法的限制。
本发明的蒸汽发生器、缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法、及缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，通过在蒸汽发生器100的下降通道21的入口处设置阻力元器件6，减小蒸汽发生器100的下降通道21的流通面积，增加下降通道21的流动阻力，改善蒸汽发生器100二次侧流体循环。通过对蒸汽发生器二次侧结构进行优化改进，克服蒸汽发生器100的传热管束3由于流场不均或流速过快导致传热管束3发生流致振动磨损，在不影响换热效率的基础上，有效避免传热管束破裂事故的发生。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，包括
    壳体；
    内套筒，其设置在所述壳体内部，所述内套筒外侧面与所述壳体内侧面之间形成流体的下降通道；
    传热管束，其设置在所述内套筒内部，与流体进行换热；
    初级分离器，其设置在所述传热管束和所述内套筒正上方，并固定在所述壳体内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离；和
    阻力元器件，其设置在所述下降通道的入口处，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，所述初级分离器的底部设有第一支撑板，所述阻力元器件固定在所述第一支撑板周向的侧面上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，所述阻力元器件呈圆环状，所述阻力元器件由多个弧形板组合形成，并环绕在所述第一支撑板的周向。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，所述阻力元器件设有多个第一流水孔，多个所述第一流水孔的总流通面积为0.1-2m2。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，还包括均流元器件， 对经所述传热管束换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，所述内套筒顶部设有第二支撑板，所述均流元器件设置在所述第二支撑板上表面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，所述均流元器件包括多个长方形板条。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的蒸汽发生器，其特征在于，所述均流元器件上设置有多个第二流水孔，多个所述第二流水孔的总流通面积为0.01-0.3m2。
  9. 一种缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法，所述蒸汽发生器包括，
    壳体；
    内套筒，其设置在所述壳体内部，所述内套筒外侧面与所述壳体内侧面之间形成流体的下降通道；
    传热管束，其设置在所述内套筒内部，与流体进行换热；
    初级分离器，其设置在所述传热管束和所述内套筒正上方，并固定在所述壳体内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离；
    所述方法的特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    在所述下降通道的入口处设置阻力元器件，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述内套筒顶部设置均流元器件，对经所述传热管束换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速。
  11. 一种缓解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，
    所述蒸汽发生器包括，
    壳体；
    内套筒，其设置在所述壳体内部，所述内套筒外侧面与所述壳体内侧面之间形成流体的下降通道；
    传热管束，其设置在所述内套筒内部，与流体进行换热；
    初级分离器，其设置在所述传热管束和所述内套筒正上方，并固定在所述壳体内部，对换热后的流体进行气液分离；和
    阻力元器件，其设置在所述下降通道的入口处，对流经的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速，
    所述安装方法的特征在于，
    将所述阻力元器件通过所述蒸汽发生器的人孔通道进入所述蒸汽发生器内部；
    通过所述初级分离器上部的初级分离器人孔，将所述阻力元器件送入到所述内套筒上方；
    通过焊接的方式将所述阻力元器件固定在所述初级分离器底部。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的解蒸汽发生器传热管磨损的元器件的安装方法，其特征在于，
    所述蒸汽发生器还包括均流元器件，对经所述传热管束换热后的流体进行缓冲，降低流体的流速，
    所述安装方法还包括：
    通过所述蒸汽发生器检修孔将所述均流元器件送入到所述蒸汽发生器内部，并插入所述传热管束的上方，并固定在所述内套筒顶部。
PCT/CN2023/114555 2022-09-16 2023-08-24 蒸汽发生器、缓解其传热管磨损的方法及元器件安装方法 WO2024055828A1 (zh)

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