WO2024055681A1 - 脂质偶联完全可降解水溶性聚合物的合成及应用 - Google Patents

脂质偶联完全可降解水溶性聚合物的合成及应用 Download PDF

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WO2024055681A1
WO2024055681A1 PCT/CN2023/103069 CN2023103069W WO2024055681A1 WO 2024055681 A1 WO2024055681 A1 WO 2024055681A1 CN 2023103069 W CN2023103069 W CN 2023103069W WO 2024055681 A1 WO2024055681 A1 WO 2024055681A1
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lipid
ppe
group
polymer
lnps
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French (fr)
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喻国灿
林欣
于馨洋
李泓健
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清华大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G79/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing phosphorus
    • C08G79/04—Phosphorus linked to oxygen or to oxygen and carbon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • A61K48/0008—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition
    • A61K48/0025—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid
    • A61K48/0041—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid the non-active part being polymeric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • A61K48/005—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'active' part of the composition delivered, i.e. the nucleic acid delivered
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical fields of biomedical technology, nanomedicine, supramolecular chemistry, small molecule drugs, and nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, etc.) delivery, and in particular to the synthesis of a lipid-coupled fully degradable water-soluble polymer and its use in drugs. Application in delivery.
  • Chemotherapy drugs have been widely used clinically as first-line treatment for cancer patients. However, their wide distribution after entering the human body leads to greater side effects. Precise delivery of chemotherapy drugs has always been one of the hot spots of research. Liposomes are currently the most widely used delivery carrier for chemotherapy drugs. Compound drugs based on liposomes and chemotherapy drugs have been used in certain clinical cases. In recent years, RNA-based drugs or treatments have developed rapidly. It has great therapeutic or preventive potential in a variety of diseases. RNA drugs usually need to enter cells to exert corresponding functions. How to efficiently and safely deliver RNA into cells is an urgent problem to be solved. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are by far the most widely used and advanced RNA delivery vehicles. LNP-based RNA vaccines were approved for large-scale use by the FDA shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak. Currently, LNP-based RNA delivery technology is being widely studied for the treatment or prevention of various diseases.
  • the existing liposome and LNP delivery systems will produce certain hepatotoxicity and reduce their efficacy after multiple injections due to the rejection of the antibody response produced by the host.
  • the main reason is that the carrier component contains lipids.
  • -PEG is a polymer that is difficult to degrade in the body and can easily induce immune reactions. Therefore, the development of new lipid-PEG polymer alternatives is the main way to avoid the side effects of multiple injections of drug carriers.
  • the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a lipid coupling that is completely degradable, avoids antibody reactions and liver toxicity caused by multiple administrations, and is used for small molecule drugs or nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, etc.) delivered water-soluble polymeric lipid-PPE molecules.
  • the present invention claims a degradable polymer (lipid-PPE) whose structural formula is as shown in formula (I):
  • Y-OH represents the polymer synthesis initiator
  • N represents the group carried by the polymer monomer
  • m represents the degree of polymerization
  • m ⁇ 10
  • the polymer synthesis initiator is an initiator containing -OH and hydrophobic chains, and its structural formula is as follows:
  • Y can have the following structure:
  • X can be a -CH group or -N group
  • a 1 , A 2 , and A 3 are each independently selected from a carbonyl group, an ester group, an amide group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an ether bond, a urethane group, a carbonate group, a urea group, a ketone carbonyl group, or an imine linking group;
  • B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 are each independently selected from carbonyl, ester, amide, and aliphatic hydrocarbon connecting groups;
  • the lipid structure of R 1 and R 2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain or a hydrophobic group such as cholesterol, including an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain with C 1-30 aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight chain;
  • Optional structures for R 1 and R 2 include, but are not limited to, the following representative structures (where the positions of carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-carbon triple bonds include, but are not limited to, aliphatic hydrocarbon terminals):
  • R 1 and R 2 can be selected from the following representative structures:
  • R 1 and R 2 can be selected from the following representative structures:
  • n1, n2, n3, n represent the number of carbons, and the value is an integer in the range of 1-10 (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
  • N represents C 1-6 linear or branched alkyl group or Among them, x ⁇ 15 (for example, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1).
  • N represents methyl, ethyl or Among them, x ⁇ 15 (for example, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1).
  • one or more of A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 are ester groups, that is, C(O)O, OC(O).
  • B 1 and/or B 2 is carbonyl
  • the polymer synthesis initiator is For example At this time Y is
  • R 1 and/or R 2 is a C 1-30 saturated, linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, especially a C 6-30 linear alkyl group, more particularly a C 6-24 linear alkyl group.
  • Base for example, C 12 linear alkyl (lauryl), C 14 linear alkyl (myristyl), C 16 linear alkyl (palmyl), C 18 linear alkyl (stearyl), C 20 linear alkyl (eicosanyl).
  • the polymer lipid-PPE has the following structure:
  • the m is an integer ⁇ 10, such as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100; more Specifically, m can be an integer from 10 to 100, especially an integer from 10 to 50, or an integer from 10 to 20.
  • the invention claims a method for synthesizing polymeric lipid-PPE
  • N represents C 1-6 linear or branched alkyl group or Among them, x ⁇ 15;
  • N represents methyl, ethyl or Among them, x ⁇ 15.
  • the monomers are the following three water-soluble compounds:
  • the synthesis method includes the following steps:
  • the solvent 1 is selected from dichloromethane, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol or acetone;
  • the solvent 1 is selected from dichloromethane, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol or acetone; preferably, it is selected from dichloromethane , toluene; more preferably, dichloromethane;
  • the molar ratio of polymer monomer to initiator can be 100:1-10:1;
  • the molar ratio of polymer monomer to initiator is 80:1-10:1; preferably, it is 40:1;
  • the stirring time is 1-60 min; preferably, it is 5-30 min; more preferably, it is 10-20 min.
  • the catalyst is diethylamine, triethylamine, TBD, or DBU, preferably TBD or DBU, and more preferably, DBU.
  • the reaction time is 1 min-300 min; preferably, it is 5-100 min; more preferably, it is 10-50 min.
  • the reaction temperature is 0-120°C; preferably, it is 10-60°C; more preferably, it is 20-40°C.
  • the above method further includes, after completion of the reaction, adding the reaction solution to diethyl ether to precipitate, centrifuging, and drying to obtain the target compound.
  • the present invention claims the use of the above-mentioned lipid-PPE in the preparation of liposomes.
  • the present invention claims a liposome, which is assembled from the above-mentioned lipid-PPE and other lipid molecules, and mainly includes three components: cholesterol, Phospholipids, lipids-PPE.
  • the phospholipids include, but are not limited to: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidylserine (PS), stearylamide (SA), etc.
  • PE phosphatidylethanolamine
  • PC phosphatidylcholine
  • SM sphingomyelin
  • PA phosphatidic acid
  • PG phosphatidylglycerol
  • PI phosphatidylinositol
  • PS Phosphatidylserine
  • SA stearylamide
  • the phosphatidylglycerol includes but is not limited to: dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), distearoylphosphatidylglycerol (DSPG).
  • DPPG dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol
  • POPG 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylglycerol
  • DMPG dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol
  • DOPG dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol
  • DSPG distearoylphosphatidylglycerol
  • the phospholipid is DPPG.
  • the molar ratio of the phospholipid, cholesterol and lipid-PPE can be 1-10:1:0.05-0.5, especially 2-6:1:0.05-0.15; in one embodiment of the invention, the phospholipid, The molar ratio of cholesterol and lipid-PPE is 3:1:0.15.
  • the present invention claims the use of the above-mentioned liposome in preparing a drug delivery system.
  • the present invention claims a drug delivery system and a preparation method thereof.
  • the drug delivery system uses the above-mentioned liposome as a delivery carrier and is prepared by a method including the following steps:
  • Step (B1) Mix phospholipids, lipid-PPE, and cholesterol in a certain proportion, dissolve them in a solvent, use a rotary evaporator to spin the solvent dry, and obtain a thin film layer on the container wall;
  • Step (B2) Inject the drug solution into a spin-dry container, sonicate, and squeeze to obtain drug-loaded liposomes with uniform particle size, that is, a drug delivery system.
  • the solvent used to dissolve lipid molecules in step (B1) is methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide. one or a mixture of several;
  • the solvent used to dissolve lipid molecules in step (B1) is one or a mixture of ethanol, dichloromethane, and chloroform;
  • the solvent used to dissolve lipid molecules in step (B1) is one or a mixture of ethanol and chloroform.
  • the molar ratio of phospholipid, cholesterol and lipid-PPE in step (B1) is 1-10:1:0.05-0.5;
  • the molar ratio of phospholipid, cholesterol and lipid-PPE in step (B1) is 2-6:1:0.05-0.15;
  • the molar ratio of phospholipid, cholesterol and lipid-PPE in step (B1) is 3:1:0.15.
  • the drugs of step (B2) include but are not limited to hydrophilic or hydrophobic small molecule chemotherapy drugs, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, topotecan, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, bellotecan, lubotecan, irinotecan, Rinotecan, methotrexate, uracil mustard, nitrogen mustard, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, piperbromide, triptamide, triethylene thiophosphamide, busulfan An, carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin, dacarbazine, fluorouracil deoxynucleoside, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, fludarabine phosphate, Thaliplatin, Racovanin, Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, Fulvestrant, Exemestane.
  • the drug is oxaliplatin.
  • step (B2) the drug accounts for 1-40% of the total mass of lipids in step (B1), preferably 2-20%, and more preferably 8.9%.
  • the drug delivery system includes cholesterol, phospholipids, lipid-PPE and small molecule chemotherapy drugs (such as oxaliplatin), and the molar ratio of the phospholipids, cholesterol and lipid-PPE is 1-10: 1: 0.05-0.5, especially 2-6: 1: 0.05-0.15, for example 3: 1: 0.15, the small molecule chemotherapy drug accounts for 1-40% of the total lipid mass, especially 2- 20%, for example 8.9%.
  • small molecule chemotherapy drugs such as oxaliplatin
  • the present invention claims the use of the above-mentioned lipid-PPE in the preparation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).
  • the present invention claims lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and a preparation method thereof.
  • the lipid nanoparticles are produced by assembling lipid-PPE and other lipid molecules, and mainly include four components: ionizable liposomes, neutral liposomes, lipid-PPE and Steroidal lipids.
  • the ionizable liposomes include, but are not limited to, containing one or more ionizable sites, including pyridine, imidazole, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, etc.
  • ionizable sites including pyridine, imidazole, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, etc.
  • the ionizable lipid has the following structure:
  • the neutral liposomes include, but are not limited to, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2- Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DMPE), 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG), oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE).
  • DSPC 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • DPPC 1,2-dipalmitoy
  • the steroidal lipids include, but are not limited to: avenasterol, ⁇ -sitosterol, brassicasterol, ergocalciferol, campesterol, cholestanol, cholesterol, coprosterol, dehydrocholesterol, chain sterols, dihydroergot Calciferol, dihydrocholesterol, dihydroergosterol, acerol, epicholesterol, ergosterol, fucosterol, hexahydrophotosterol, hydroxycholesterol; lanosterol, photosterol, algasterol, sitostanol, glutanol Sterols, stigmastanol, stigmasterol, cholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid.
  • the present invention claims a kind of LNPs encapsulating nucleic acid molecules and a preparation method thereof.
  • the LNPs encapsulating nucleic acid molecules are prepared by a method including the following steps:
  • Step (B1) Mix ionizable liposomes, lipid-PPE, steroidal lipids, and neutral liposomes in a certain proportion and dissolve them in a solvent to obtain a liposome solution;
  • Step (B2) Dissolve the nucleic acid molecules in a buffer solution with appropriate pH
  • Step (B3) drops the nucleic acid molecule solution in step (B2) into the liposome solution in step (B1) according to a certain volume ratio to prepare LNPs encapsulating nucleic acid molecules, and then perform ultrafiltration or ultrafiltration on the LNPs. After dialysis, LNPs containing nucleic acid molecules are obtained.
  • the solvent described in step (B1) is methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide;
  • the solvent described in step (B1) is ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone;
  • the solvent described in step (B1) is ethanol.
  • the proportion of ionizable liposome molecules in step (B1) is 10%-70%.
  • the proportion of ionizable liposome molecules in step (B1) is 30%-60%.
  • the proportion of ionizable liposome molecules in step (B1) is 50%.
  • the proportion of lipid-PPE in step (B1) is 1%-20%.
  • the proportion of lipid-PPE in step (B1) is 1%-10%.
  • the proportion of lipid-PPE in step (B1) is 2%.
  • the proportion of steroidal lipids in step (B1) is 5%-60%.
  • the proportion of steroidal lipids in step (B1) is 10%-50%.
  • step (B1) the proportion of steroidal lipids in step (B1) is 38%.
  • the proportion of neutral liposomes in step (B1) is 1%-30%.
  • the proportion of neutral liposomes in step (B1) is 5%-15%.
  • the proportion of neutral liposomes in step (B1) is 10%.
  • the buffer solution in step (B2) is acetic acid/sodium acetate solution or citric acid/sodium citrate solution;
  • the buffer solution in step (B2) is a citric acid/sodium citrate solution.
  • the pH of the buffer solution in step (B2) is 3-9;
  • the pH of the buffer solution in step (B2) is 4-6;
  • the pH of the buffer solution in step (B2) is 5.
  • the concentration of the buffer solution in step (B2) is 1mM-1M;
  • the concentration of the buffer solution in step (B2) is 20mM-500mM;
  • the concentration of the buffer solution in step (B2) is 100mM.
  • the mass ratio of lipid molecules to nucleic acid molecules in step (B3) is 5:1-50:1;
  • the mass ratio of lipid molecules to nucleic acid molecules in step (B3) is 10:1-30:1;
  • the mass ratio of lipid molecules to nucleic acid molecules in step (B3) is 25:1.
  • the volume ratio of the organic solution to the aqueous solution in step (B3) is 1:1-1:10;
  • the volume ratio of the organic solution to the aqueous solution in step (B3) is 1:1-1:5;
  • the volume ratio of the organic solution to the aqueous solution in step (B3) is 1:3.
  • This product forms LNP complexes with other existing lipid molecules and can be used for administration to a variety of mammalian and human cell lines as well as to mammals and humans.
  • it is administered to mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, monkeys and humans, preferably by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection to mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, monkeys and humans.
  • DNA nucleic acid molecules such as plasmids, single-stranded DNA molecules and double-stranded DNA molecules.
  • RNA nucleic acid molecules include protein-coding linear RNA, circular RNA, self-replicating RNA and various non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and long non-coding RNAs.
  • RNA molecules can carry various base modifications and cap structures, including but not limited to: methylation modifications such as: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), n1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine glycoside (m5C), 3-methylcytidine (m3C), n7-methylguanosine (m7G) and 1-methylguanosine (m1G), 2'-O-methylguanosine, N6,2'- O-dimethylguanosine (m6Am), methoxyethoxy modifications such as: 2-methoxyethoxyadenosine, 2-methoxyethoxycytidine, 2-methoxyethoxy Guanosine, 2-methoxyethoxyuridine, fluorination modification, pseudouracil modification ( ⁇ ) and methylpseudouracil modification (M1- ⁇ ) and cap structures of cap0, cap1, cap2.
  • methylation modifications such as: N6-methyladenosine (m6
  • RNA vaccines including but not limited to tumor vaccines, coronavirus vaccines, monkeypox virus vaccines, flavivirus vaccines, etc. It can also be used in RNA-based gene transient overexpression systems, chimeric antigen receptor immunity Cells and other genetically modified immune cells are prepared to induce multifunctional stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming and redifferentiation of a variety of primary cells.
  • iPSC multifunctional stem cell
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the lipid-PPE molecule designed in the present invention has a hydrophobic lipid tail end and a hydrophilic head end, and can be used together with other existing lipid molecules to prepare RNA-encapsulated LNPs to efficiently complete the delivery of RNA;
  • Lipid-PPE molecules introduce phosphate bonds of repeating units, which are easily degraded into small molecule monomers after entering the organism, reducing inflammatory reactions;
  • Liposomes formed from a combination of degradable lipid-PPE and other lipid molecules can reduce the antibody response and liver toxicity caused by traditional polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing liposomes after multiple injections;
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • LNP formed from a combination of degradable lipid-PPE and other lipid molecules can reduce the antibody response and liver toxicity caused by traditional polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing LNP after multiple injections;
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the technology of the invention has simple synthesis, low raw material prices and is suitable for large-scale production.
  • Figure 1 is the structural formula of the initiator used in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the structural formula of the monomer used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is the structural formula of the polymer lipid-PPE prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is the structural formula of the ionizable liposome used in Examples 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows the relative expression results of lipid-PEG (PEG) and lipid-PPE (PPE) antibodies measured by Elisa in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a TEM photograph (A) of PEG-Liposome and a TEM photograph (B) of PPE-Liposome in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is the growth curve of oxaliplatin (OxPt) liposomes based on lipid-PEG (PEGlipo@OxPt) and lipid-PPE (PPElipo@OxPt) encapsulated in Example 4 of the present invention for treating tumors in mice. picture.
  • OxPt oxaliplatin
  • Figure 8 is a TEM photograph (A) of LNP-PEG prepared in Example 5 of the present invention, and a TEM photograph (B) of LNP-PPE.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the experimental results of protein expression in cells by LNP-PEG and LNP-PPE delivery of mRNA (EGFP) in Example 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the experimental results of LNP-PEG delivering mRNA (luciferase) to mouse muscle tissue protein expression in Example 7 of the present invention (A), and LNP-PPE delivering the experimental results of mRNA (luciferase) to mouse muscle tissue protein expression (A) B).
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the growth curve of tumor treatment in mice based on LNP-PEG and LNP-PPE encapsulated mRNA (OVA) in Example 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 shows the expression of IFN- ⁇ in mouse spleen cells after stimulation with antigen peptides in Example 9 of the present invention.
  • the lipid-PPE (5 mg/mouse) prepared in Example 1 and the commercial lipid-PEG (ALC-0159) were injected into the tail vein of mice respectively, and PBS was injected intravenously as a control. On the fifth and tenth days, The same dose of the same lipid was injected again on the 15th day. On the 15th day, the peripheral blood of the mice was taken, the serum was separated, and the Elisa experiment was performed using a 96-well plate coated with BSA-lipid-PEG and BSA-lipid-PPE. Steps to detect relative IgG and IgM antibody amounts. The results are shown in Figure 5. Lipid-PPE induced a relatively low antibody response.
  • Example 3 Liposomes using lipid-PPE molecules as preparation units are used to entrap oxaliplatin.
  • DPPG, cholesterol, and the lipid-PPE prepared in Example 1 were mixed at a molar ratio of 3:1:0.15 and dissolved in an ethanol and chloroform mixed solvent (the volume ratio of ethanol and chloroform was 1:1). Dry the liquid by rotary evaporation, add a solution containing oxaliplatin (oxaliplatin accounts for 8.9% of the total liposome mass fraction), sonicate for 30 minutes, and squeeze with a manual extruder to obtain encapsulated oxaliplatin. of liposomes.
  • Lipid-PEG ALC-0159
  • Figure 6 shows the TEM photo of PEG-Liposome (A) and the TEM photo of PPE-Liposome (B).
  • the liposome is spherical and has a particle size of about 50-100nm. .
  • Example 4 Oxaliplatin-loaded liposomes are used for the treatment of tumor-bearing mice.
  • mice Female Balb/c mice were selected, and 1 ⁇ 10 5 4T1 tumor cells were injected into the mammary gland of each mouse. Starting from the 8th day, the mice were randomly divided into four groups, and each group was injected intravenously with PBS, oxaliplatin, lipid-PEG-containing oxaliplatin liposomes (prepared in Example 3), lipid-containing -PPE oxaliplatin liposomes (prepared in Example 3, in which the dosage of each experimental group is equivalent to 2 mg/kg of oxaliplatin), administered once every three days, for a total of three administrations.
  • Statistical tumor volume shows that oxaliplatin liposomes have obvious anti-tumor effects, and liposomes based on lipid-PEG and lipid-PPE are equally effective.
  • Example 5 LNPs using lipid-PPE molecules as preparation units are used to encapsulate EGFP mRNA
  • Example 2 Mix the ionizable liposomes (structural formula shown in Figure 4), DSPC, cholesterol, and the lipid-PPE prepared in Example 1 at a molar ratio of 50:10:38:2, and dissolve them in the ethanol solution.
  • the mRNA was dissolved in sodium citrate (100mM) buffer solution with pH 5.0.
  • the volume ratio of organic phase solution and aqueous phase solution is 1:3, and the mass ratio of lipid to mRNA is 25:1.
  • the ethanol is then dialyzed to remove. LNP(PPE)-mRNA encapsulating mRNA was obtained.
  • LNP(PEG)-mRNA was obtained using a consistent method.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the particle size distribution and morphology of the obtained LNPs.
  • Figure 8 shows the TEM photo of the prepared LNP-PEG (A) and the TEM photo of LNP-PPE (B).
  • TEM experiments show that LNP(PPE)-mRNA is spherical in shape and has a particle size of approximately 50-100nm.
  • LNP-PPE and LNP-PEG encapsulating green fluorescent (EGFP) mRNA were prepared according to the method described in Example 5 (the structural formula of the ionizable liposome used is shown in Figure 4), and then human embryonic kidney HEK293 and Mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 cells were incubated with LNP (0.5 ⁇ g RNA/10 6 cells) for 12 hours. After 24 hours, the expression of green fluorescent protein in the cells was detected by flow cytometry. The results are shown in Figure 9.
  • LNP-PPE and LNP-PEG can mediate similar protein expression levels after encapsulating RNA.
  • LNP-PPE and LNP-PEG encapsulating the mRNA of firefly luciferase were prepared according to the method described in Example 5 (the structural formula of the ionizable liposome used is shown in Figure 4), and then C57/ B6J mice were subjected to intramuscular injection experiments. Each mouse was intramuscularly injected with an LNP complex equivalent to 5 ⁇ g of RNA. Six hours later, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with luciferin substrate, and the luciferase expression of the mice was observed through an in vivo imaging system.
  • Figure 10 shows the experimental results of LNP-PEG delivering mRNA (luciferase) to mouse muscle tissue protein expression (A), and LNP-PPE delivering the experimental results of mRNA (luciferase) to mouse muscle tissue protein expression (B).
  • LNP-PEG and LNP-PPE mediate protein expression levels at comparable levels.
  • Example 8 PPE-LNP loaded with OVA antigen peptide-RNA is used for the treatment of tumor-bearing mice.
  • mice C57/B6J mice were selected, and 5 ⁇ 10 5 colorectal cancer MC38 cell lines expressing chicken ovalbumin OVA (257-264) antigen peptide were subcutaneously injected. After the tumor grew to a volume greater than 100 mm 3 , the mice were randomly divided into groups.
  • LNP-mRNA complex encoding chicken ovalbumin OVA (257-264) antigen peptide and firefly luciferase mRNA according to the method described in Example 5 (the structural formula of the ionizable liposome used is shown in Figure 4 ), the LNP-mRNA complex equivalent to 5 ⁇ g RNA was injected intramuscularly, and a second injection was given at a specific time point to observe the tumor growth of the mice. As shown in Figure 11, LNP-PEG and LNP-PPE mediate anti- The tumor immune response was equally effective.
  • Example 9 PPE-LNP loaded with OVA antigen peptide-RNA is used for analysis of therapeutic immune indicators in tumor-bearing mice.
  • Example 8 After the tumor-bearing mice in Example 8 were injected with two doses of the vaccine, the mice were sacrificed at the end point, and the spleen cells were collected. The spleen cells were stimulated again with OVA (257-264) antigen peptide, and analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISPOT. Expression of IFN- ⁇ . The results are shown in Figure 12. Both LNP-PEG and LNP-PPE can induce high-level antigen-specific T cell immune responses.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种脂质偶联完全可降解水溶性聚合物的合成及其在药物递送中的应用。结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示。本发明所设计的脂质-PPE分子具有疏水的脂质尾端与亲水头端，可与其它现有脂质分子共同制备包载RNA的LNP，高效完成RNA的递送；脂质-PPE分子引入了重复单元的磷酸酯键，在进入生物体内易降解成小分子单体，减少炎症反应；由可降解的脂质-PPE和其它脂质分子组合形成的脂质体或LNP在多次注射后可减轻传统含聚乙二醇(PEG)的脂质体带来的抗体反应和肝毒性。

Description

脂质偶联完全可降解水溶性聚合物的合成及应用 技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药技术、纳米医药、超分子化学及小分子药物、核酸(DNA、RNA等)递送技术领域，尤其涉及一种脂质偶联完全可降解水溶性聚合物的合成及其在药物递送中的应用。
背景技术
化疗药物已在临床上被广泛用于肿瘤患者的一线治疗，但其进入人体后广泛的分布导致其副作用较大，精准递送化疗药物一直是研究的热点之一。脂质体(liposome)是目前使用最广泛的化疗药递送载体，基于脂质体-化疗药的复合药物已经在临床上有一定的使用案例；近年来，基于RNA的药物或治疗手段发展迅猛，其在多种疾病中均具有较大的治疗或预防潜力。RNA药物通常需进入细胞后发挥相应功能，如何高效、安全递送RNA进入细胞是急需解决的问题。脂质纳米粒(LNP)是目前为止使用最广泛、最先进的RNA递送载体。基于LNP的RNA疫苗在新冠爆发后短时间即被FDA批准大规模使用。目前，基于LNP的RNA递送技术正在被广泛研究用于治疗或预防各类疾病。
然而据报道，现有liposome和LNP递送体系在多次注射后会因为宿主产生的抗体反应对其进行排斥而产生一定肝毒性、且降低其作用效果，其中主要原因是载体组分中含有脂质-PEG这一聚合物，这一聚合物在体内较难降解，易诱发免疫反应。因此，研发出新的脂质-PEG聚合物的替代品，是避免药物载体多次注射产生副作用的主要途径。发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的不足，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种脂质偶联完全可降解、避免多次给药造成的抗体反应和肝毒性、用于小分子药物或核酸(DNA、RNA等)递送的水溶性聚合物脂质-PPE分子。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
第一方面，本发明要求保护一种可降解的聚合物(脂质-PPE)，其结构式如式(I)所示：
式(I)中，Y-OH表示聚合物合成引发剂，N表示聚合物单体携带的基团，m表示聚合度，m≥10，
所述聚合物合成引发剂为含-OH和疏水链的引发剂，其结构式如下：
其中羟基可引发聚合反应，疏水链可便于合成后的聚合物直接用于脂质纳米粒的制备；(即Y可以具有如下结构：
X可为-CH基团或-N基团；
A1,A2,A3各自独立地选自羰基、酯基、酰胺基、脂肪烃基、醚键、氨基甲酸酯基、碳酸酯基、脲基、酮羰基或亚胺基连接基团；B1,B2,B3各自独立地选自羰基、酯基、酰胺基、脂肪烃基连接基团；
R1，R2脂质结构为脂肪烃链或胆固醇等疏水基团，包括C1-30的脂肪烃基的脂肪烃链，饱和或者不饱和，支链或者直链；
R1，R2可选择的结构包括但不限于以下代表性结构(其中碳-碳双键和碳-碳三键的位置包括但不限于脂肪烃末端)：


在一实施方式中，R1、R2可选自以下代表性结构：
在一实施方式中，R1、R2可选自以下代表性结构：
n1、n2、n3、n表示碳的个数，取值范围1-10内整数(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10)；
N表示C1-6的直链或支链烷基或其中，x<15(例如14、13、12、11、10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1)。
在一优选的实施方式中，N表示甲基、乙基或其中，x<15(例如14、13、12、11、10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1)。
在本发明的一些实施例中，A1、A2、A3中的一个或多个为酯基，即C(O)O、OC(O)。
在本发明的一些实施例中，B1和/或B2为羰基。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述聚合物合成引发剂为例如此时Y为
在本发明的一些实施例中，R1和/或R2为C1-30饱和、直链的脂肪烃基，特别是C6-30直链烷基，更特别是C6-24直链烷基，例如，C12直链烷基(月桂基)、C14直链烷基(肉豆蔻基)、C16直链烷基(棕榈基)、C18直链烷基(硬脂基)、C20直链烷基(二十碳基)。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述聚合物脂质-PPE具有如下结构：
具体地，所述m为≥10的整数，例如10、11、12、13、14、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、60、70、80、90、100；更具体地，m可以为10-100的整数，特别是10-50的整数，10-20的整数。
第二方面，本发明要求保护合成聚合物脂质-PPE的方法，
对于聚合物脂质-PPE的合成，首先选择上述含-OH和疏水链的引发剂；
其次对于PPE的合成，选择如下结构式的单体：
N表示C1-6的直链或支链烷基或其中，x<15；
在一优选的实施方式中，N表示甲基、乙基或其中，x<15。
具体地，所述单体为以下三种水溶性化合物：
其中x<15。
所述合成方法包括以下步骤：
将含-OH和疏水链的引发剂溶于溶剂1中，按照一定比例加入PPE聚合物单体，充分搅拌一定时间后加入催化剂，在一定温度下反应一定时间，即得。
所述溶剂1选自二氯甲烷、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇或丙酮；
在一实施方式中，所述溶剂1选自二氯甲烷、甲苯、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇或丙酮；优选地，选自二氯甲烷、甲苯；更优选地，为二氯甲烷；
聚合物单体与引发剂的摩尔比可为100：1-10：1；
在一实施方式中，聚合物单体与引发剂的摩尔比为80：1-10：1；优选地，为40：1；
在一实施方式中，搅拌时间为1-60min；优选地，为5-30min；更优选地，为10-20min。
在一实施方式中，所述催化剂为二乙胺、三乙胺、TBD、DBU，优选地，为TBD、DBU，更优选地，为DBU。
在一实施方式中，反应时间为1min-300min；优选地，为5-100min；更优选地，为10-50min。
在一实施方式中，反应温度为0-120℃；优选地，为10-60℃；更优选地，为20-40℃。
上述方法进一步包括在反应完成后将反应液加到乙醚中沉淀，离心，干燥得到目标化合物。
第三方面，本发明要求保护上述脂质-PPE在脂质体(liposome)制备中的应用。
第四方面，本发明要求保护一种脂质体(liposome)，所述脂质体(liposome)由上述脂质-PPE与其它脂质分子共同组装而成，主要包括三个组成部分：胆固醇、磷脂、脂质-PPE。
所述磷脂包括但不限于：磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)，磷脂酰胆碱(PC)，鞘磷脂(SM)，磷脂酸(PA)，磷脂酰甘油(PG)，磷脂酰肌醇(PI)，磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)，硬脂酰胺(SA)等。
具体地，所述磷脂酰甘油(PG)包括但不限于：二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油(DPPG)、1-棕榈酰-2-油酰磷脂酰甘油(POPG)、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰甘油(DMPG)、二油酰磷脂酰甘油(DOPG)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油(DSPG)。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述磷脂为DPPG。
所述磷脂、胆固醇和脂质-PPE的摩尔比可以为1-10：1：0.05-0.5，特别是2-6：1：0.05-0.15；在本发明的一个实施例中，所述磷脂、胆固醇和脂质-PPE的摩尔比为3：1：0.15。
第五方面，本发明要求保护上述脂质体(liposome)在制备药物递送体系中的应用。
第六方面，本发明要求保护一种药物递送体系及其制备方法。
所述药物递送体系以上述脂质体(liposome)为递送载体，通过包括如下步骤的方法制备得到：
步骤(B1)将磷脂、脂质-PPE、胆固醇以一定比例混合，用溶剂溶解，使用旋转蒸发仪旋干溶剂，在容器壁上得一薄膜层；
步骤(B2)将药物溶液注入旋干容器，超声，挤压，得粒径均一的载药脂质体，即药物递送体系。
优选地，步骤(B1)中用于溶解脂质分子的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、丙酮、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或几种的混合物；
更优选地，步骤(B1)中用于溶解脂质分子的溶剂为乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷中的一种或几种的混合物；
最优选地，步骤(B1)中用于溶解脂质分子的溶剂为乙醇、三氯甲烷中的一种或两种的混合物。
优选地，步骤(B1)中磷脂、胆固醇和脂质-PPE的摩尔比为1-10：1：0.05-0.5；
更优选地，步骤(B1)中磷脂、胆固醇和脂质-PPE的摩尔比为2-6：1：0.05-0.15；
最优选地，步骤(B1)中磷脂、胆固醇和脂质-PPE的摩尔比为3：1：0.15。
步骤(B2)药物包括但不限于亲水性或疏水性小分子化疗药，例如紫杉醇、多西他赛、托泊替康、10-羟基喜树碱、贝洛替康、卢比替康、伊立替康、甲氨喋呤、尿嘧啶氮芥、氮芥、异环磷酰胺、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、哌泊溴烷、曲他胺、三亚乙基硫代磷酰胺、白消安、卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、链佐星、达卡巴嗪、氟脲嘧啶脱氧核苷、阿糖胞苷、6-巯嘌呤、6-硫鸟嘌呤、磷酸氟达拉滨、奥沙利铂、雷可瓦宁、多柔比星、曲妥单抗、氟维司群、依西美坦。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述药物为奥沙利铂。
步骤(B2)中药物占步骤(B1)脂质总质量1-40％，优选为2-20％，更优选为8.9％。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述药物递送体系包含胆固醇、磷脂、脂质-PPE和小分子化疗药(例如奥沙利铂)，所述磷脂、胆固醇和脂质-PPE的摩尔比为1-10：1：0.05-0.5，特别是2-6：1：0.05-0.15，例如3：1：0.15，所述小分子化疗药占脂质总质量的1-40％，特别是2-20％，例如8.9％。
第七方面，本发明要求保护上述脂质-PPE在脂质纳米粒(LNPs)制备中的应用。
第八方面，本发明要求保护一种脂质纳米粒(LNPs)及其制备方法。
所述脂质纳米粒(LNPs)通过将脂质-PPE与其他脂质分子共同组装制得，主要包括四个组成部分：可离子化脂质体、中性脂质体、脂质-PPE及甾族脂质。
所述可离子化脂质体包括但不限于：含有一个或多个可离子化位点，包括吡啶、咪唑、伯胺、仲胺及叔胺等。例如：SM-102、ALC-0315、DODAP、DODMA、DOBAQ、YSK05、Dlin-DMA、Dlin-KC2-DMA、Dlin-MC3-DMA、G0-C14等。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述可离子化脂质具有如下结构：
所述中性脂质体包括但不限于：1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(DSPC)、1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(DPPC)、1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(DOPE)、1,2- 二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(DPPE)、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺(DMPE)、2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1'-rac-甘油)(DOPG)、油酰磷脂酰胆碱(POPC)、1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(POPE)。
所述甾族脂质包括但不限于：燕麦甾醇、β-谷甾醇、菜子甾醇、麦角骨化醇、菜油甾醇、胆甾烷醇、胆固醇、粪甾醇、脱氢胆固醇、链甾醇、二氢麦角骨化醇、二氢胆固醇、二氢麦角甾醇、黑海甾醇、表胆甾醇、麦角甾醇、岩藻甾醇、六氢光甾醇、羟基胆固醇；羊毛甾醇、光甾醇、海藻甾醇、谷甾烷醇、谷甾醇、豆甾烷醇、豆甾醇、胆酸、甘氨胆酸、牛磺胆酸、脱氧胆酸和石胆酸。
第九方面，本发明要求保护一种包载核酸分子的LNPs及其制备方法。
所述包载核酸分子的LNPs通过包括如下步骤的方法制备得到：
步骤(B1)将可离子化脂质体、脂质-PPE、甾族脂质、中性脂质体以一定比例混合，用溶剂溶解，得到脂质体溶液；
步骤(B2)将核酸分子用适当pH的缓冲溶液溶解；
步骤(B3)按照一定的体积比，将步骤(B2)中的核酸分子溶液滴入步骤(B1)中的脂质体溶液中，制备包载核酸分子的LNPs，之后使用对LNPs进行超滤或透析，得到包载核酸分子的LNPs。
优选地，步骤(B1)中所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、丙酮、二甲基亚砜、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺；
更优选地，步骤(B1)中所述溶剂为乙醇、四氢呋喃、丙酮；
最优选地，步骤(B1)中所述溶剂为乙醇。
下述比例是摩尔百分比，总脂质体的摩尔量为100；
优选地，步骤(B1)中可离子化脂质体分子的比例为10％-70％。
更优选地，步骤(B1)中可离子化脂质体分子的比例为30％-60％。
最优选地，步骤(B1)中可离子化脂质体分子的比例为50％。
优选地，步骤(B1)中脂质-PPE的比例为1％-20％。
更优选地，步骤(B1)中脂质-PPE的比例为1％-10％。
最优选地，步骤(B1)中脂质-PPE的比例为2％。
优选地，步骤(B1)中甾族脂质的比例为5％-60％。
更优选地，步骤(B1)中甾族脂质的比例为10％-50％。
最优选地，步骤(B1)中甾族脂质的比例为38％。
优选地，步骤(B1)中中性脂质体的比例为1％-30％。
更优选地，步骤(B1)中中性脂质体的比例为5％-15％。
最优选地，步骤(B1)中中性脂质体的比例为10％。
优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液为醋酸/醋酸钠溶液，柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠溶液；
最优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液为柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠溶液。
优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液的pH为3-9；
更优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液的pH为4-6；
最优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液的pH为5。
优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液的浓度为1mM-1M；
更优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液的浓度为20mM-500mM；
最优选地，步骤(B2)中缓冲溶液的浓度为100mM。
优选地，步骤(B3)中脂质分子与核酸分子的质量比为5:1-50:1；
更优选地，步骤(B3)中脂质分子与核酸分子的质量比为10:1-30:1；
最优选地，步骤(B3)中脂质分子与核酸分子的质量比为25:1。
优选地，步骤(B3)中有机溶液与水溶液的体积比为1:1-1:10；
更优选地，步骤(B3)中有机溶液与水溶液的体积比为1:1-1:5；
最优选地，步骤(B3)中有机溶液与水溶液的体积比为1:3。
本产品与其它现有脂质分子形成LNP复合物可用于多种哺乳动物、人类细胞系以及哺乳动物和人体给药。特别是小鼠，大鼠，兔，猫，狗，猪，猴以及人体给药，优选是小鼠，大鼠，兔，猫，狗，猪，猴以及人体肌肉或皮下注射给药。
本产品与其它现有脂质分子形成LNP复合物可以将多种外源核酸分子导入细胞，包括DNA核酸分子和RNA核酸分子。DNA核酸分子比如质粒，单链DNA分子和双链DNA分子。RNA核酸分子包括蛋白质编码线性RNA，环状RNA，自复制RNA和各种非编码RNA比如microRNAs、siRNAs、piRNAs、snoRNAs、snRNAs、exRNAs、scaRNAs和长链非编码RNA。RNA分子可以带上各种碱基修饰和帽子结构，包括但不限于：甲基化修饰比如：N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)，n1-甲基腺苷(m1A)，5-甲基胞苷(m5C)，3-甲基胞苷(m3C)，n7-甲基鸟苷(m7G)和1-甲基鸟苷(m1G)，2'-O-甲基鸟苷，N6,2'-O-二甲基鸟苷(m6Am)，甲氧基乙氧基修饰比如：2-甲氧基乙氧基腺苷，2-甲氧基乙氧基胞苷，2-甲氧基乙氧基鸟苷，2-甲氧基乙氧基尿苷，氟基化修饰,假尿嘧啶修饰(Ψ)和甲基假尿嘧啶修饰(M1-Ψ)以及cap0,cap1,cap2的帽子结构。
本产品可以应用于RNA疫苗的递送载体，包括但不限于肿瘤疫苗、冠状病毒疫苗、猴痘病毒疫苗、黄病毒疫苗等，还可用于基于RNA的基因瞬时过表达系统，嵌合抗原受体免疫细胞等基因修饰免疫细胞制备，诱导多种原代细胞的多功能干细胞(iPSC)重编程和再分化。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明所设计脂质-PPE分子-具有疏水的脂质尾端与亲水头端，可与其它现有脂质分子共同制备包载RNA的LNP，高效完成RNA的递送；
脂质-PPE分子引入了重复单元的磷酸酯键，在进入生物体内易降解成小分子单体，减少炎症反应；
由可降解的脂质-PPE和其它脂质分子组合形成的脂质体在多次注射后可减轻传统含聚乙二醇(PEG)的脂质体带来的抗体反应和肝毒性；
由可降解的脂质-PPE和其它脂质分子组合形成的LNP在多次注射后可减轻传统含聚乙二醇(PEG)的LNP带来的抗体反应和肝毒性；
本发明技术合成简单，原料价格低廉，适合大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中所采用的引发剂的结构式。
图2为本发明实施例1中所采用的单体的结构式。
图3为本发明实施例1中所制备的聚合物脂质-PPE的结构式。
图4为本发明实施例5、6、7和8中所用的可离子化脂质体的结构式。
图5为本发明实施例2中Elisa测定的脂质-PEG(PEG)和脂质-PPE(PPE)抗体相对表达结果。
图6为本发明实施例3中PEG-Liposome的TEM照片(A),PPE-Liposome的TEM照片(B)。
图7为本发明实施例4中基于脂质-PEG(PEGlipo@OxPt)和脂质-PPE(PPElipo@OxPt)包载的奥沙利铂(OxPt)脂质体用于小鼠治疗肿瘤生长曲线图。
图8为本发明实施例5中制备的LNP-PEG TEM照片(A)，LNP-PPE的TEM照片(B)。
图9为本发明实施例6中LNP-PEG和LNP-PPE递送mRNA(EGFP)至细胞内蛋白表达实验结果图。
图10为本发明实施例7中LNP-PEG递送mRNA(luciferase)至小鼠肌肉组织蛋白表达实验结果图(A)，LNP-PPE递送mRNA(luciferase)至小鼠肌肉组织蛋白表达实验结果图(B)。
图11为本发明实施例8中基于LNP-PEG和LNP-PPE包载mRNA(OVA)用于小鼠治疗肿瘤生长曲线图。
图12为本发明实施例9中小鼠脾脏细胞采用抗原肽刺激后IFN-γ表达情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述，给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。以下提供的实施例可作为本技术领域普通技术人员进行进一步改进的指南，并不以任何方式构成对本发明的限制。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、脂质-PPE分子的合成
将含有羟基和疏水链的引发剂(见图1)溶于二氯甲烷中，单体(见图2)与引发剂按摩尔比40：1混合，充分搅拌10min后加入催化剂DBU(DBU加入催化量，与引发剂摩尔比1：1)，反应室温搅拌20min，溶液滴加到冰乙醚中沉淀。将沉淀溶于二氯甲烷，然后乙醚沉淀，重复三次操作，除去催化剂及其他杂质，得脂质-PPE(见图3)，m＝10。单体转化率超过95％。
实施例2、脂质-PPE动物安全性评估
向小鼠体内分别尾静脉注射实施实施例1制备的脂质-PPE(5mg/mouse)和商售脂质-PEG(ALC-0159)并将静脉注射PBS作为对照，在第五天和第十天再次注射相同剂量的相同脂质，第十五天取小鼠外周血，分离血清，用包被BSA-脂质-PEG和BSA-脂质-PPE的Elisa实验用96孔板按Elisa实验操作步骤检测相对IgG和IgM抗体量。结果如图5所示，脂质-PPE诱导相对低的抗体反应应答。
实施例3、以脂质-PPE分子为制备单元的脂质体用于包载奥沙利铂
将DPPG、胆固醇、实施例1制备的脂质-PPE按照摩尔比为3：1：0.15混合并溶解于乙醇三氯甲烷混合溶剂(乙醇、三氯甲烷体积比为1：1)中。旋转蒸发抽干液体，加入含奥沙利铂的溶液(奥沙利铂占脂质体总质量分数的8.9％)，超声30分钟，用手动挤压器挤压，得包载奥沙利铂的脂质体。采用脂质-PEG(ALC-0159)按相同实验方法获得包载奥沙利铂的脂质体。使用透射电镜(TEM)观察脂质体(liposome)结构，图6为PEG-Liposome的TEM照片(A)，PPE-Liposome的TEM照片(B)，liposome呈球形，粒径约为50-100nm左右。
实施例4、包载奥沙利铂的脂质体用于荷瘤小鼠的治疗
选用雌性Balb/c小鼠，每只小鼠乳腺部位注射1×105 4T1肿瘤细胞。从第8天开始，将小鼠随机分成四组，每组分别通过静脉注射PBS、奥沙利铂、含脂质-PEG的奥沙利铂脂质体(实施例3制备)、含脂质-PPE的奥沙利铂脂质体(实施例3制备，其中各实验组给药剂量均相当于2mg/kg的奥沙利铂)，每隔三天给药一次，共给药三次。统计肿瘤体积，如图7所示，可见奥沙利铂脂质体有着明显的抗肿瘤效果，且基于脂质-PEG和脂质-PPE的脂质体效果相当。
实施例5、以脂质-PPE分子为制备单元的LNPs用于包载EGFP的mRNA
将可离子化脂质体(结构式如图4所示)、DSPC、胆固醇、实施例1制备的脂质-PPE按照50:10:38:2的摩尔比混合，溶解在乙醇溶液中。mRNA用pH为5.0的柠檬酸钠(100mM)缓冲溶液溶解。有机相溶液和水相溶液体积比为1:3，所含脂质与mRNA质量按25:1的比例 混合，得到白色乳液。随后透析除去乙醇。得到包载mRNA的LNP(PPE)-mRNA。同时，选用传统PEG-脂质(ALC-0159)替代PPE-脂质，采用一致的方法得到LNP(PEG)-mRNA。使用透射电镜(TEM)对所获得的LNPs进行粒径分布表征以及形貌表征。图8为制备的LNP-PEG TEM照片(A)，LNP-PPE的TEM照片(B)。TEM实验显示LNP(PPE)-mRNA呈球形，粒径约为50-100nm。
实施例6、包载GFP-RNA的PPE-LNP用于细胞蛋白表达实验
根据实施例5中所述方法制备得到包载绿色荧光(EGFP)mRNA的LNP-PPE和LNP-PEG(所用可离子化脂质体的结构式如图4所示)，之后选用人胚胎肾HEK293和小鼠胚胎成纤维NIH3T3细胞与LNP(0.5μg RNA/106cells)共孵育12小时，24小时后通过流式细胞术检测细胞绿色荧光蛋白表达情况，结果如图9所示。
由图9的实验结果可知：LNP-PPE与LNP-PEG包载RNA后可介导相似的蛋白表达水平。
实施例7、包载luciferase-RNA的PPE-LNP用于小鼠肌肉组织蛋白表达实验
根据实施例5中所述方法制备得到包载萤火虫荧光素酶(luciferase)的mRNA的LNP-PPE和LNP-PEG(所用可离子化脂质体的结构式如图4所示)，之后选用C57/B6J小鼠进行肌肉注射实验，每只小鼠肌肉注射相当于5μg RNA的LNP复合物，六小时后，小鼠腹腔注射荧光素底物，并通过活体成像系统观察小鼠荧光素酶表达情况，图10为LNP-PEG递送mRNA(luciferase)至小鼠肌肉组织蛋白表达实验结果图(A)，LNP-PPE递送mRNA(luciferase)至小鼠肌肉组织蛋白表达实验结果图(B)。LNP-PEG和LNP-PPE介导蛋白表达水平相当。
实施例8、包载OVA抗原肽-RNA的PPE-LNP用于荷瘤小鼠的治疗
选用C57/B6J小鼠，通过皮下注射5×105表达鸡卵清蛋白OVA(257-264)抗原肽的结直肠癌MC38细胞系，待肿瘤生长至体积大于100mm3后，将小鼠随机分组，根据实施例5所述方法制备编码鸡卵清蛋白OVA(257-264)抗原肽和萤火虫荧光素酶的mRNA的LNP-mRNA复合物(所用可离子化脂质体的结构式如图4所示)，分别肌肉注射相当于5μg RNA的LNP-mRNA复合物，并在特定时间点给予第二针注射，观察小鼠肿瘤生长情况，如图11所示，LNP-PEG和LNP-PPE介导抗肿瘤免疫应答效果相当。
实施例9、包载OVA抗原肽-RNA的PPE-LNP用于荷瘤小鼠治疗免疫指标分析
在实施例8中的荷瘤小鼠注射两剂次疫苗后，在终点处死小鼠，取脾脏细胞，采用OVA(257-264)抗原肽再次刺激脾脏细胞，并采用流式细胞术和ELISPOT分析IFN-γ的表达。结果如图12所示，LNP-PEG和LNP-PPE均可诱导高水平的抗原特异性T细胞免疫应答。
以上对本发明进行了详述。对于本领域技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的宗旨和范围，以及无需进行不必要的实验情况下，可在等同参数、浓度和条件下，在较宽范围内实施本发明。虽然本发明给出了特殊的实施例，应该理解为，可以对本发明作进一步的改进。总之，按本发明的原理，本申请欲包括任何变更、用途或对本发明的改进，包括脱离了本申请中已公开范围，而用本领域已知的常规技术进行的改变。

Claims (12)

  1. 聚合物脂质-PPE，其结构式如式(I)所示：
    式(I)中，Y-OH表示聚合物合成引发剂，N表示聚合物单体携带的基团，m表示聚合度，m≥10，
    所述聚合物合成引发剂为含-OH和疏水链的引发剂，其结构式如下：
    X为-CH基团或-N基团；
    A1,A2,A3各自独立地选自羰基、酯基、酰胺基、脂肪烃基、醚键、氨基甲酸酯基、碳酸酯基、脲基、酮羰基或亚胺基连接基团；B1,B2,B3各自独立地选自羰基、酯基、酰胺基、脂肪烃基连接基团；
    R1，R2为疏水基团，各自独立地为脂肪烃链或胆固醇；
    n1、n2、n3、n表示碳的个数，取值范围1-10内整数；
    N表示C1-6的直链或支链烷基或其中，x<15。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的聚合物脂质-PPE，其特征在于：R1，R2各自独立地包括C1-30的脂肪烃基的脂肪烃链，饱和或者不饱和，支链或者直链；
    优选地，R1和/或R2为C6-24直链烷基，例如月桂基、肉豆蔻基、棕榈基、硬脂基、二十碳基。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的聚合物脂质-PPE，其特征在于：B1和/或B2为羰基；
    优选地，Y为
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的聚合物脂质-PPE，其特征在于：所述聚合物脂质-PPE具有如下结构：
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的聚合物脂质-PPE，其特征在于：所述m为10-100的整数。
  6. 制备权利要求1-5任一项所述聚合物脂质-PPE的方法，包括如下步骤：将Y-OH引发剂溶于溶剂1中，加入式(Ⅲ)所示PPE聚合物单体，充分搅拌后加入催化剂，反应一定时间，即得，
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：所述聚合物单体与引发剂的摩尔比为100：1-10：1；
    所述催化剂为二乙胺、三乙胺、TBD、DBU；
    反应时间为1min-300min；
    反应温度为0-120℃。
  8. 一种脂质体，其特征在于：所述脂质体由权利要求1-5任一项所述聚合物脂质-PPE与其它脂质分子共同组装而成，包括三个组成部分：胆固醇、磷脂、脂质-PPE。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的脂质体，其特征在于：所述脂质体中，磷脂、胆固醇和脂质-PPE的摩尔比依次为1-10：1：0.05-0.5。
  10. 一种药物递送体系，其特征在于：所述药物递送体系以权利要求8或9所述的脂质体为递送载体。
  11. 一种脂质纳米粒LNPs，其特征在于：所述脂质纳米粒LNPs通过将权利要求1-5任一项所述聚合物脂质-PPE与其他脂质分子共同组装制得，包括四个组成部分：可离子化脂质体、中性脂质体、脂质-PPE及甾族脂质。
  12. 一种包载核酸分子的LNPs，其特征在于：所述包载核酸分子的LNPs以权利要求11所述的脂质纳米粒LNPs为递送载体。
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