WO2024055479A1 - 用于核酸扩增的微球制剂、扩增方法及在联合检测中的应用 - Google Patents

用于核酸扩增的微球制剂、扩增方法及在联合检测中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2024055479A1
WO2024055479A1 PCT/CN2022/144231 CN2022144231W WO2024055479A1 WO 2024055479 A1 WO2024055479 A1 WO 2024055479A1 CN 2022144231 W CN2022144231 W CN 2022144231W WO 2024055479 A1 WO2024055479 A1 WO 2024055479A1
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reaction
microsphere
protein
microsphere preparation
drying
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PCT/CN2022/144231
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李沛
赵百慧
李春燕
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上海伯杰医疗科技股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/6848—Nucleic acid amplification reactions characterised by the means for preventing contamination or increasing the specificity or sensitivity of an amplification reaction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • the present disclosure relates to the field of molecular diagnosis technology, and in particular to a microsphere preparation for nucleic acid amplification, an amplification method and an application in combined detection.
  • the amplification reaction system of the target to be tested can only be carried out in a liquid-phase environment.
  • Traditional reagents used for amplification are basically stored and transported in liquid form.
  • a small amount of existing microsphere preparations used for amplification need to be reconstituted into solution form using solvents before amplification, and then used for amplification reactions.
  • the purpose of using microsphere preparations is only to improve the performance of some special reagents. Stability, reducing its requirements for storage and transportation conditions.
  • the detection sensitivity of some emerging detection methods is restricted by the amount of template added to the system. Since the original system uses liquid to reconstitute, the adjustable range of the amount of template that can be added to the system is small. Forcibly increasing the amount of template added can easily lead to changes in the concentration of active ingredients in the system. Since the recombinase isothermal amplification technology is a multi-enzyme reaction, changes in the concentration of each component can easily lead to a decrease in the specificity of the reaction. At the same time, in-situ freeze-drying limits the flexibility of the system, and consumables must be fixed during the production stage, which limits the flexibility of reagent use and adaptable models.
  • the present disclosure provides a microsphere preparation for nucleic acid amplification.
  • the microsphere preparation includes reaction microspheres obtained by freeze-drying the mixed reagents required for the amplification reaction. Each gram of reaction microspheres contains:
  • the microsphere preparation is used in an RNA amplification system, and each gram of the microsphere preparation also includes 394.74-795.76 ⁇ g of reverse transcriptase.
  • the microsphere preparation includes reaction microspheres obtained by freeze-drying the mixed reagents required for the amplification reaction, and each gram of reaction microspheres contains:
  • each gram of reaction microsphere contains: DNA polymerase 460.53 ⁇ 464.19 ⁇ g, each primer 0.013nmol, creatine kinase 657.89 ⁇ 663.13 ⁇ g, DTT 0.0026 ⁇ 0.015mmol, phosphokinase 0.1 ⁇ 0.5mmol, single-stranded binding Protein 10.53 ⁇ 10.61mg, recombinant enzyme 1.71 ⁇ 1.72mg, auxiliary protein 1.05 ⁇ 1.06mg, maltose 394.74 ⁇ 397.88mg, PEG 150 ⁇ 151.19mg, ATP 0.15 ⁇ mol, dNTP 0.01 ⁇ mol each, Tris-Ac 0.5 ⁇ mol.
  • the microsphere preparation includes 657.89-663.13 ⁇ g of reverse transcriptase.
  • the recombinase is selected from at least one of T4 UvsX protein, T6 UvsX protein or Rb69 UvsX protein.
  • the auxiliary protein is selected from at least one of T4 UvsY protein, T6 UvsY protein or Rb69 UvsY protein.
  • the DNA polymerase is a strand displacement DNA polymerase, selected from a large fragment of DNA polymerase I of Staphylococcus aureus, a large fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase I, a large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, or At least one of the T4 bacteriophage Klewnowexo-polymerases.
  • the reverse transcriptase includes M-MLV reverse transcriptase.
  • the single-chain binding protein is selected from at least one of T4 GP32 protein, T6 GP32 protein or Rb69 GP32 protein.
  • the microsphere preparation further includes second microspheres containing complex solvent PEG and/or magnesium salt activator.
  • each gram of the second microsphere contains 960-980 mg of PEG and/or 265.0-265.5 ⁇ mol of magnesium salt.
  • the present disclosure also provides the use of any of the aforementioned microsphere formulations in RPA or RAA.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing a microsphere preparation, which includes any one of the aforementioned microsphere preparations;
  • the preparation method includes mixing the components of the microsphere preparation evenly and instilling them into liquid nitrogen at intervals of not less than 25 seconds. After the microspheres are stored in liquid nitrogen for not less than 1 hour, they are transferred to freeze-drying. Freeze-drying is carried out in the machine, and the microsphere preparation is obtained by freeze-drying and drying according to the freeze-drying procedure;
  • the freeze-drying procedure is a gradient temperature freeze-drying drying method, which sequentially includes a pre-freezing step, a main drying step and a final drying step.
  • the temperature of the pre-freezing step is below -54°C, and the processing time is 0.5 to 1 hour.
  • the temperature of the main drying step is -27 ⁇ -15°C, the processing time is 2 ⁇ 6h, and the vacuum degree is 0.01 ⁇ 30Pa; further optionally, the main drying step includes at least two gradient temperature increasing treatments. process.
  • the temperature of the final drying step is 0 to 20°C
  • the treatment time is more than 2 hours
  • the vacuum degree is 0.01 to 1 Pa.
  • the final drying step includes at least four gradient temperature treatment processes.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for nucleic acid amplification using any one of the aforementioned microsphere preparations.
  • the method includes adding an amount of 0.263 to 6.58 mL of sample solution to be amplified per gram of reaction microspheres to the amplification solution. Add reaction microspheres to the sample solution, and then perform amplification according to any of the following (a) to (c):
  • the second microsphere contains complex solvent PEG and magnesium salt activator;
  • the present disclosure also provides the application of a microsphere preparation in a nucleic acid amplification combined with a second reaction method, where the microsphere preparation includes any one of the aforementioned microsphere preparations;
  • the nucleic acid amplification adopts the nucleic acid amplification method described above;
  • the preparations used in the second reaction are all microsphere preparations
  • the second reaction includes fluorescence reaction or CRISPR reaction.
  • the fluorescence reaction includes adding EXO enzyme and probe to the RPA or RAA system before freeze-drying, so that the RPA or RAA fluorescence reaction can be detected in real time.
  • the EXO enzyme is selected from the group consisting of exonuclease III.
  • the CRISPR reaction includes Cas12 CRISPR detection system and Cas13 CRISPR detection system.
  • the second reaction method includes directly adding the microsphere preparation used for the second reaction to the amplification product to complete the second reaction.
  • the second reaction is a CRISPR reaction
  • the preparation method of the microsphere preparation used in the CRISPR reaction is: configuring a CRISPR freeze-drying system, and then using the aforementioned method to prepare the microsphere preparation used in the CRISPR reaction;
  • the CRISPR freeze-drying system contains: CRISPR freeze-drying protectant 10 ⁇ L/test, Buffer 1 ⁇ , Cas12 protein 40 ⁇ 100nmol/L, Cas13 protein 40 ⁇ 100nmol/L, mRNA enzyme inhibitor 5U, T7 RNApolymerase 14U, rNTP 0.5 ⁇ 0.6mmol/L, CrRNA1 0.1 ⁇ M, ssDNA 0.8 ⁇ 1.2nmol/L, ssRNA 0.8 ⁇ 1.2nmol/L.
  • the Cas12 protein is selected from at least one of LbCas12a, FnCas12a, AsCas12a (cpf1), BbCas12a (cpf1), and HkCas12a (cpf1).
  • the Cas13 protein includes LwaCas13a.
  • the T7 RNA polymerase is derived from E. coli expression.
  • the present disclosure also provides the use of any of the aforementioned microsphere preparations in amplified autochromic reactions.
  • Each gram of the microsphere preparation also includes 0.4613 to 12.13 mg of EXO enzyme.
  • each gram of microsphere preparation includes 0.6579-0.6667 mg of EXO enzyme.
  • the present disclosure also provides use of the microsphere formulation of any one of the above for detection of viral infection.
  • the virus includes at least one of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, and influenza B virus.
  • Figure 1 shows the packaging form of the microsphere preparation provided by the present disclosure only for RPA or RAA reaction
  • Figure 2 is a packaging form of a microsphere preparation including reconstituted microspheres or activated microspheres provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is the packaging form of the microsphere preparation for RPA-CRISPR reaction provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 shows the individual packaging forms of different types of microsphere preparations provided by the present disclosure.
  • microsphere preparation for nucleic acid amplification.
  • the microsphere preparation includes reaction microspheres obtained by freeze-drying the mixed reagents required for the amplification reaction. Each gram of reaction microspheres contains:
  • the content of DNA polymerase may be, for example, 131.60-530.0 ⁇ g, 300.0-500,0 ⁇ g or 450.0-480.0 ⁇ g, such as 131.58 ⁇ g, 200 ⁇ g, 300 ⁇ g, 380 ⁇ g, 400 ⁇ g, 450 ⁇ g, 460 ⁇ g, 470 ⁇ g, 500 ⁇ g, 530 ⁇ g or 530.5 ⁇ g, or an interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the content of the single-chain binding protein may be, for example, 2.70 to 13.0 mg, 8.0 to 12.0 mg, or 9.0 to 11.0 mg, such as 2.632 mg, 5.0 mg, 7.0 mg, 9.0 mg, 10.0 mg, 11.0 mg, or 13.0 mg, or any two Interval value between endpoint values.
  • the recombinant enzyme can be, for example, 0.99 to 3.30 mg, 1.0 to 3.0 mg, 1.5 to 2.5 mg or 1.5 to 2.0 mg, such as 0.99 mg, 1.0 mg, 1.5 mg, 1.7 mg, 1.75 mg, 1.8 mg, 2.0 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.0mg or 3.3mg, or the interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the accessory protein may be, for example, 0.40 to 1.30 mg, 0.80 to 1.20 mg, or 0.90 to 1.10 mg, such as 0.5 mg, 0.8 mg, 0.9 mg, 1.0 mg, 1.1 mg, or 1.3 mg, or an interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the content of each primer in the system can be, for example, 0.008 ⁇ 0.018nmol, 0.0095 ⁇ 0.016nmol or 0.010 ⁇ 0.014nmol, such as 0.0080nmol, 0.0095nmol, 0.010nmol, 0.012nmol, 0.013nmol, 0.014nmol, 0.016nmol or 0.018nmol, Or an interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the amount of creatine kinase may be, for example, 657.90 to 663.00 ⁇ g, 658.0 to 662.0 ⁇ g, or 659.5 to 661.5 ⁇ g, such as 657.90 ⁇ g, 658.0 ⁇ g, 659.0 ⁇ g, 660.0 ⁇ g, 661.0 ⁇ g, 662.0 ⁇ g, or 663.0 ⁇ g, or any two endpoints.
  • the content of ATP may be, for example, 0.1 to 0.2 ⁇ mol, such as 0.1 ⁇ mol, 0.12 ⁇ mol, 0.14 ⁇ mol, 0.15 ⁇ mol, 0.16 ⁇ mol, 0.18 ⁇ mol or 0.2 ⁇ mol, or an interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the content of DTT may be, for example, 0.0030-0.0140mmol, 0.0080-0.0138mmol or 0.010-0.0135mmol, such as 0.0030mmol, 0.0070mmol, 0.0090mmol, 0.010mmol, 0.012mmol, 0.013mmol, 0.014mmol or 0.015mmol, or any two Interval value between endpoint values.
  • the content of phosphokinase can be, for example, 0.15 ⁇ 0.45mmol, 0.20 ⁇ 0.40mmol or 0.25 ⁇ 0.35mmol, such as 0.1mmol, 0.18mmol, 0.20mmol, 0.28mmol, 0.32mmol, 0.33mmol, 0.34mmol, 0.36mmol, 0.38mmol, 0.40mmol, 0.46mmol or 0.5mmol, or an interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the content of dNTP may be, for example, 0.0085-0.018 ⁇ mol, 0.0090-0.016 ⁇ mol, or 0.0095-0.015 ⁇ mol, such as 0.008 ⁇ mol, 0.009 ⁇ mol, 0.010 ⁇ mol, 0.011 ⁇ mol, or 0.012 ⁇ mol, or an interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the content of Tris-Ac may be, for example, 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ mol, 0.7 to 1.5 ⁇ mol, or 0.8 to 1.0 ⁇ mol, such as 0.5 ⁇ mol, 0.7 ⁇ mol, 0.9 ⁇ mol, 1.0 ⁇ mol, 1.5 ⁇ mol, 2.0 ⁇ mol, or 2.5 ⁇ mol, or any two endpoints The range between values.
  • the content of maltose may be, for example, 0.1 to 660 mg, 50 to 600 mg, or 150 to 500 mg, such as 0.1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg, 350 mg, 370 mg, 390 mg, 400 mg, 450 mg, 500 mg, 550 mg, 600 mg, 650mg or 663mg, or the interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the maltose content can be 0, that is, no maltose is added.
  • the content of PEG may be, for example, 135 to 600 mg, 140 to 450 mg, or 145 to 185 mg, such as 131.58 mg, 135 mg, 140 mg, 145 mg, 150 mg, 160 mg, 170 mg, 180 mg, 190 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, or 663.13 mg, or The interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the microsphere preparation is used in an RNA amplification system, and each gram of the microsphere preparation further includes 394.74 to 795.76 ⁇ g of reverse transcriptase.
  • the content of reverse transcriptase can be 395.0 to 795.0 ⁇ g, 450.0 to 750.0 ⁇ g, or 550.0 to 650.0 ⁇ g, such as 394.74 ⁇ g, 395.0 ⁇ g, 400.0 ⁇ g, 450 ⁇ g, 500 ⁇ g, 550 ⁇ g, 600 ⁇ g, 650 ⁇ g, 700 ⁇ g, 750 ⁇ g, or 790 ⁇ g, or an interval value between any two endpoint values.
  • the microsphere preparation includes reaction microspheres obtained by freeze-drying the mixed reagents required for the amplification reaction, and each gram of reaction microspheres contains:
  • DNA polymerase 460.53 ⁇ 464.19 ⁇ g 0.013nmol of each primer (i.e. 0.013nmol/single primer or expressed as 0.013nmol of each primer in the system), single-stranded binding protein 10.53 ⁇ 10.61mg, recombinase 1.71 ⁇ 1.72 mg, auxiliary protein 1.05 ⁇ 1.06mg, maltose 394.74 ⁇ 397.88mg, PEG 150 ⁇ 151.19mg, ATP 0.15 ⁇ mol, dNTP 0.01 ⁇ mol each, Tris-Ac 0.5 ⁇ mol.
  • each gram of reaction microsphere contains: 460.53-464.19 ⁇ g of DNA polymerase, 0.013 nmol of each primer (i.e. 0.013 nmol/single primer or expressed as 0.013 nmol of each primer in the system) , creatine kinase 657.89 ⁇ 663.13 ⁇ g, DTT 0.0026 ⁇ 0.015mmol, phosphokinase 0.1 ⁇ 0.5mmol, single-chain binding protein 10.53 ⁇ 10.61mg, recombinant enzyme 1.71 ⁇ 1.72mg, auxiliary protein 1.05 ⁇ 1.06mg, maltose 394.74 ⁇ 397.88mg , PEG 150 ⁇ 151.19mg, ATP 0.15 ⁇ mol, dNTP 0.01 ⁇ mol each, Tris-Ac 0.5 ⁇ mol.
  • the microsphere preparation also includes 657.89-663.13 ⁇ g of reverse transcriptase.
  • the recombinase is selected from T4 UvsX protein, T6 UvsX protein or Rb69 UvsX protein. In alternative embodiments, the recombinase is selected from at least one of T4 UvsX protein, T6 UvsX protein or Rb69 UvsX protein.
  • the accessory protein is selected from T4 UvsY protein, T6 UvsY protein or Rb69 UvsY protein.
  • the auxiliary protein is selected from at least one of T4 UvsY protein, T6 UvsY protein or Rb69 UvsY protein.
  • the DNA polymerase is a strand-displacement DNA polymerase selected from a large fragment of DNA polymerase I of Staphylococcus aureus, a large fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase I, a large fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, or T4 bacteriophage. Klewnowexo-Polymerase.
  • the DNA polymerase is a strand-displacement DNA polymerase selected from a large fragment of DNA polymerase I of Staphylococcus aureus, a large fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase I, a large fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, or T4 bacteriophage. Klewnowexo - at least one of the polymerases.
  • the reverse transcriptase includes M-MLV reverse transcriptase.
  • the single-chain binding protein is selected from T4 GP32 protein, T6 GP32 protein or Rb69 GP32 protein.
  • the single-chain binding protein is selected from at least one of T4 GP32 protein, T6 GP32 protein or Rb69 GP32 protein.
  • the microsphere formulation further includes a second microsphere containing a resolvent PEG and/or a magnesium salt activator.
  • each gram of the second microsphere contains 960-980 mg of PEG and/or 265.0-265.5 ⁇ mol of magnesium salt.
  • One embodiment of the present disclosure provides the use of the microsphere preparation according to any one of the preceding embodiments in RPA or RAA.
  • microsphere preparation includes the microsphere preparation described in any one of the preceding embodiments;
  • the preparation method includes mixing the components of the microsphere preparation evenly and instilling them into liquid nitrogen at intervals of not less than 25 seconds. After the microspheres are stored in liquid nitrogen for not less than 1 hour, they are transferred to a freeze-drying machine. Lyophilize and dry according to the freeze-drying procedure to obtain the microsphere preparation;
  • the freeze-drying procedure is a gradient temperature freeze-drying drying method, which sequentially includes a pre-freezing step, a main drying step and a final drying step.
  • the temperature of the pre-freezing step is below -54°C, and the processing time is 0.5 to 1 hour.
  • the temperature of the main drying step is -27 to -15°C
  • the processing time is 2 to 6 hours
  • the vacuum degree is 0.01 to 30 Pa.
  • the main drying step includes at least two gradient temperature treatment processes.
  • the temperature of the final drying step is 0 to 20°C
  • the processing time is more than 2 hours
  • the vacuum degree is 0.01 to 1 Pa.
  • the final drying step includes at least four gradient temperature treatment processes.
  • One embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a method for nucleic acid amplification using the microsphere preparation described in any one of the previous embodiments.
  • the method includes: adding a ratio of 0.263 to 6.58 mL of sample solution to be amplified per gram of reaction microspheres, Add reaction microspheres to the amplification sample solution, and then amplify according to any one of the following (a) to (c):
  • the second microsphere contains complex solvent PEG and magnesium salt activator;
  • microsphere preparations in nucleic acid amplification combined with the second reaction method.
  • the microsphere preparations include the microsphere preparations described in any one of the preceding embodiments;
  • Nucleic acid amplification adopts the nucleic acid amplification method described in the previous embodiment
  • the preparations used in the second reaction are all microsphere preparations
  • the second reaction includes a fluorescence reaction or a CRISPR reaction.
  • the fluorescence reaction includes adding EXO enzyme and probe to the RPA or RAA system before freeze-drying, so that the RPA or RAA fluorescence reaction can be detected in real time.
  • the EXO enzyme is selected from the group consisting of exonuclease III.
  • the CRISPR reaction includes a Cas12 CRISPR detection system and a Cas13 CRISPR detection system.
  • the second reaction method includes directly adding the microsphere preparation used for the second reaction to the amplification product to complete the second reaction.
  • the second reaction is a CRISPR reaction
  • the preparation method of the microsphere preparation used in the CRISPR reaction is: configuring a CRISPR freeze-drying system, and then using the method described in the previous embodiment to prepare the microsphere preparation used in the CRISPR reaction;
  • the CRISPR freeze-drying system contains: CRISPR freeze-drying protectant 10 ⁇ L/test, Buffer 1 ⁇ , Cas12 protein 40 ⁇ 100nmol/L, Cas13 protein 40 ⁇ 100nmol/L, mRNA enzyme inhibitor 5U, T7 RNApolymerase 14U, rNTP 0.5 ⁇ 0.6mmol /L, CrRNA1 0.1 ⁇ M, ssDNA 0.8 ⁇ 1.2nmol/L, ssRNA 0.8 ⁇ 1.2nmol/L.
  • the Cas12 protein is selected from LbCas12a, FnCas12a, AsCas12a(cpf1), BbCas12a(cpf1), HkCas12a(cpf1).
  • the Cas12 protein is selected from at least one of LbCas12a, FnCas12a, AsCas12a (cpf1), BbCas12a (cpf1) or HkCas12a (cpf1).
  • the Cas13 protein includes LwaCas13a.
  • T7 RNA polymerase is derived from E. coli expression.
  • One embodiment of the present disclosure also provides the use of the microsphere preparation described in any one of the previous embodiments in an amplified autochromic reaction.
  • Each gram of the microsphere preparation also includes 0.4613 to 12.13 mg of EXO enzyme.
  • each gram of microsphere preparation includes 0.6579-0.6667 mg of EXO enzyme.
  • One embodiment of the present disclosure also provides the use of the microsphere preparation according to any one of the above embodiments for detection of viral infection.
  • the virus includes at least one of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, and influenza B virus.
  • the freeze-drying method used to prepare the microsphere preparation is: after mixing the components of the microsphere preparation evenly, at a time interval of not less than 25s (the upper limit of the time interval is not limited, A time interval of no less than 25s can satisfy this method) and instilled in liquid nitrogen, and the storage time of the microspheres in liquid nitrogen is no less than 1h (the upper limit of the storage time is not limited, and any storage time of no less than 1h is acceptable) After meeting the requirements of this method), transfer to a freeze-drying machine for freeze-drying, and freeze-dry according to the freeze-drying procedure to obtain a microsphere preparation.
  • the freeze-drying procedure is a gradient temperature freeze-drying drying method, which sequentially includes a pre-freezing step, a main drying step and a final drying step.
  • the temperature of the pre-freezing step is below -54°C, and the processing time is 0.5 ⁇ 1h; the temperature of the main drying step is -27 ⁇ -15°C, the processing time is 2 ⁇ 6h, and the vacuum degree is 0.01 ⁇ 30Pa; the main drying step includes at least Two gradient temperature-raising processes; the temperature of the final drying step is 0-20°C, the processing time is more than 2 hours, and the vacuum degree is 0.01-1Pa; the final drying step includes at least four gradient temperature-raising processes.
  • composition of microspheres used in RAA and RPA (basic and fluorescence) reactions is as described above, but there are differences. However, the same steps can be used for the specific reaction method, including but not limited to mixing the reaction system and maintaining the temperature at 37°C to 44°C for 20 minutes. If it is a fluorescence reaction, the fluorescence collection rule is 30s, and the fluorescence is collected once, for a total of 40 cycles.
  • the CRISPR reaction includes, but is not limited to, taking 10 ⁇ L of the inactivated amplification product, mixing it with 25 ⁇ L of water, and adding it to the CRISPR microspheres.
  • fluorescence is collected every 30 seconds, for a total of 30 fluorescence collections.
  • microsphere preparation only for RPA or RAA reaction is shown in Figure 1.
  • the amplification reagent, including the required primers, is prepared by freeze-drying the above microsphere preparation to obtain independent microspheres. Each independent microsphere is obtained. Individually packaged, when performing RPA or RAA reactions, just add the sample to be tested, liquid reconstitution solvent and activator directly.
  • each packaging tube contains one reaction microsphere and one reconstituted microsphere, which can be added directly during the reaction.
  • the sample to be tested and the liquid activator are sufficient.
  • the liquid magnesium salt activator can also be mixed with the reconstitution solvent and frozen into reconstitution/activation mixed microspheres. At this time, the reaction can be directly added to the sample to be tested.
  • a second reaction is also combined, such as the CRISPR reaction.
  • the corresponding packaging form is shown in Figure 3.
  • the two tubes on the left are the packaging tanks used to complete the RPA or RAA reaction, and the two tubes on the right
  • the tube contains reaction microspheres for the CRISPR reaction.
  • the amplified products on the left can be directly transferred into the CRISPR reaction microsphere packaging tube on the right to perform the CRISPR reaction.
  • packaging tubes used in the above three packaging forms can be adjusted and replaced according to actual needs, and are not limited to the specific structure and shape of the packaging tubes in the drawings.
  • microsphere preparations can also be packaged independently, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the present disclosure provides a microsphere preparation.
  • the liquid sample to be tested is directly mixed with the microsphere preparation, omitting the preparation step of the amplification reagent, thereby maintaining the primer concentration in a stable supersaturated state, thereby improving the The sensitivity of the multiplex detection reaction without negatively affecting the specificity of the amplification reaction.
  • the microsphere preparation provided by the present disclosure for nucleic acid amplification can be stored for a long time at 2-8°C. Moreover, when the microsphere preparation provided by the present disclosure is used, no additional solvent is added, but is directly mixed with the sample to be tested. It can significantly increase the upper limit of template concentration, thereby improving the sensitivity in multiplex detection.
  • microsphere preparation for nucleic acid amplification provided by the present disclosure in RPA, RAA, or dual or multiplex detection based on RPA or RAA combined with the second reaction can significantly improve the sensitivity while ensuring the accuracy of amplification. Specificity.
  • This embodiment provides RPA freeze-dried reaction microspheres for respiratory syncytial typing detection.
  • the components contained in each gram of reaction microspheres are as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below:
  • the combination of RSV-F, RSV-R and RSV-P can specifically detect respiratory syncytial type A; the combination of RSV-F, RSV-2R and RSV-P1 can specifically detect respiratory syncytial type B.
  • the 35th and 38th base T of the RSV-P nucleotide sequence is coupled to FAM and BHQ1 fluorescent groups respectively, and the 36th base is replaced with THF.
  • the 27th and 29th base T of the RSV-P1 nucleotide sequence is coupled to CY5 and BHQ2 fluorescent groups respectively, and the 28th base is replaced with THF.
  • microsphere preparation provided by the present disclosure is not selective for primers and probes. Those skilled in the art can independently design corresponding primers and probes according to the actual amplification target.
  • the microspheres provided by the present disclosure are The formulation has good compatibility with different primers and probes.
  • the white microsphere preparation was prepared according to the above freeze-dried microsphere preparation method.
  • the specific freeze-drying procedure parameters are as follows in Table 3:
  • the weight of the obtained reaction microspheres is about 7.54 to 7.60 mg, the diameter is 3.8 to 4.5 mm, and they are white spherical.
  • Respiratory syncytial type a/b oropharyngeal swab samples quantified by digital PCR were diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 4 copies/mL, 5 ⁇ 10 3 copies/ mL, 5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL, 2.5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL and 1.5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL are used as samples to be tested. Each sample was repeatedly tested 10 times using the reaction microspheres prepared above, and the sample with a detection rate of 90% was the lowest detection limit of the reagent.
  • reaction microspheres Pre-package the reaction microspheres into reaction tubes in advance, with 1 RPA reaction microsphere per well in the RPA reaction tube;
  • Dual-system microspheres can detect different types of respiratory syncytial samples, with a detection sensitivity as low as 2.5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL.
  • Example 1 The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that this example also uses a freeze-drying preparation method to prepare reconstituted microspheres, and the component of the reconstituted microspheres is PEG (35K) (976 mg/g).
  • the respiratory syncytium type a/b oropharyngeal swab sample quantified by digital PCR was diluted to 5 ⁇ 10 3 copies/mL, 5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL, 2.5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL, 1.5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL and 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL are used as samples to be tested.
  • the remaining tests are the same as in Example 1, and the results are as follows in Table 5:
  • Dual-system microspheres can detect different types of respiratory syncytial samples, with a detection sensitivity as low as 1.5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL.
  • This embodiment provides RPA-CRISPR freeze-dried microspheres for detection of influenza A virus and influenza B virus, including RPA reaction microspheres, reconstituted microspheres and CRISPR microspheres.
  • the weight of the reaction microsphere is about 7.54-7.60 mg, the diameter is 3.8-4.5 mm, and it is white spherical; the weight of the complex solvent microsphere is about 2.52-2.58 mg, the diameter is 3.2-3.5 mm, and it is white spherical; the weight of the CRISPR microsphere is about 2.2-2.32 mg, diameter 3.2 ⁇ 3.8mm, light pink spherical shape.
  • the components contained in each gram of RPA reaction microspheres are shown in Table 6 below:
  • the primers are detailed in Table 7:
  • the combination of IFA-F and IFA-R can specifically amplify the influenza A virus target sequence, and the combination of IFB-F and IFB-R can specifically amplify the influenza B virus target sequence.
  • composition of reconstituted microspheres is PEG (35K): 976mg/g.
  • the CRISPR microsphere freeze-drying system is as shown in Table 8:
  • Component name Adding amount CRISPR lyoprotectant 10 ⁇ L/test Buffer 3.1 1 ⁇ LbCas12a(cpf1) 100nmol/L LwaCas13a 100nmol/L Murine RNase inhibitor(40U/ ⁇ L) 0.125 ⁇ L T7 RNA polymerase 0.05 ⁇ L rNTP 0.8 ⁇ L CrRNA1 20ng/ ⁇ L CrRNA2 20ng/ ⁇ L ssDNA 2 ⁇ mol/L ssRNA 2 ⁇ mol/L
  • CrRNA1 can specifically bind to the IFA-F and IFA-R amplification products under the CRISPR system, activate the trans-cleaving activity of Cas13 protein, cleave ssRNA, and emit fluorescence; CrRNA2 can specifically bind to IFB under the CRISPR system.
  • -F combines with the IFB-R amplification product to activate the trans-cleaving activity of Cas12 protein, cleave ssDNA and emit fluorescence.
  • Influenza A virus oropharyngeal swab samples and influenza B virus oropharyngeal swab samples quantified by digital PCR were diluted to 1 ⁇ 10 4 copies/mL and 5 ⁇ 10 3 Copies/mL, 5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL, 2.5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL, 2.0 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL and 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL are used as samples to be tested.
  • the detection process is as follows:
  • reaction microspheres Pre-package the reaction microspheres into reaction tubes in advance.
  • RPA reaction tube there is 1 RPA reaction microsphere and 1 resolvent microsphere per well;
  • CRISPR reaction tube there is 1 CRISPR microsphere per well.
  • the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the re-dissolving microspheres is omitted, and 30 ⁇ L of re-dissolving agent is additionally added in step (2) of the detection process.
  • the dilution concentrations of the samples to be tested are 1 ⁇ 10 4 copies/mL, 5 ⁇ 10 3 copies/mL, 5 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL, 4 ⁇ 10 2 copies /mL, 2.0 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL and 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 copies/mL.
  • the RPA-CRISPR freeze-dried microspheres provided in Example 3 for detection of influenza A virus and influenza B virus were stored at room temperature for 15 days, 30 days, 90 days, 180 days, 270 days and 360 days respectively, and then the stability test was performed.
  • Sample preparation The influenza A virus and influenza B virus samples quantified by digital PCR are diluted to the minimum detection limit of 200 copies/mL and used as samples to be tested.
  • the microsphere preparation provided by the present disclosure for nucleic acid amplification can be stored for a long time at 2-8°C. Moreover, when the microsphere preparation provided by the present disclosure is used, no additional solvent is added, but is directly mixed with the sample to be tested. Without changing the concentration of the original system, the template content in the system can be significantly increased, thereby improving the sensitivity of the detection.
  • Using the microsphere preparation for nucleic acid amplification provided by the present disclosure in RPA, RAA, or dual or multiplex detection based on RPA or RAA combined with the second reaction can significantly improve the sensitivity while ensuring the accuracy of amplification. specificity and therefore excellent practical performance.

Abstract

本公开涉及分子诊断技术领域，尤其是涉及用于核酸扩增的微球制剂、扩增方法及在联合检测中的应用。本公开提供的用于核酸扩增的微球制剂能够在2～8℃下长期保存，并且，本公开提供的微球制剂在使用时，不额外添加溶剂，而是直接与待测样本混合，在不改变原有体系浓度的前提下，能够显著提高体系中模板含量，从而提高检测的灵敏度。将本公开提供的核酸扩增用的微球制剂用于RPA、RAA，或者在RPA或RAA基础上，联合第二反应构成的双重或者多重检测中，能够显著高提高灵敏度，同时保证扩增的特异性。

Description

用于核酸扩增的微球制剂、扩增方法及在联合检测中的应用
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2022年09月16日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN202211133161.9、名称为“用于核酸扩增的微球制剂、扩增方法及在联合检测中的应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及分子诊断技术领域，尤其是涉及用于核酸扩增的微球制剂、扩增方法及在联合检测中的应用。
背景技术
随着诊断技术的发展，分子诊断技术逐渐成为人类日常生活中诊断疾病的重要检测手段，随着检测靶标的多样化，多重检测的应用越来越广泛。为了保证足够的准确度，大多数多重检测均需要对待测靶标片段进行扩增，使用扩增产物进行检测。
目前，待测靶标的扩增反应体系仅支持在液相环境下进行，传统用于扩增的试剂基本上采用液体形式储存和运输。已有的少量用于扩增的微球制剂在扩增前均需要使用溶剂重新配置成溶液形式，而后再用于扩增反应，其采用微球制剂形式的目的仅仅在于提高某些特殊试剂的稳定性，降低其对保存及运输条件的要求。
一些新兴的检测方法(例如RAA或RPA)其检测灵敏度受体系中模板的添加量制约，由于原有体系使用液体复溶，可添加入体系的模板量可调整范围较小。强行增加模板添加量，易导致体系中有效成分浓度的变化，由于重组酶恒温扩增技术为多酶反应，各组分浓度变化易导致反应的特异性降低。同时原位冻干局限了体系是用的灵活性，必须在生产阶段固定耗材，使试剂使用的灵活性以及适配机型收到限制。
发明内容
本公开提供了用于核酸扩增的微球制剂，所述微球制剂包括由扩增反应所需的混合试剂经冻干得到的反应微球，每克反应微球中含有：
DNA聚合酶131.58～530.5μg，单链结合蛋白2.632～13.263mg，重组酶0.9867～3.316mg，辅助蛋白0.395～1.33mg，每种引物0.0075～0.02nmol，肌酸激酶 657.89～663.13μg，ATP 0.1～0.2μmol，DTT 0.0026～0.015mmol，磷酸激酶0.1～0.5mmol，dNTP各0.008～0.012μmol,Tris-Ac 0.5～2.5μmol，麦芽糖0～663.13mg，PEG 131.58～663.13mg。可选地，所述微球制剂用于RNA扩增体系，每克微球制剂中还包括逆转录酶394.74～795.76μg。
可选地，所述微球制剂包括由扩增反应所需的混合试剂经冻干得到的反应微球，每克反应微球中含有：
DNA聚合酶460.53～464.19μg，每种引物0.013nmol，单链结合蛋白10.53～10.61mg，重组酶1.71～1.72mg，辅助蛋白1.05～1.06mg，麦芽糖394.74～397.88mg，PEG 150～151.19mg，ATP 0.15μmol，dNTP各0.01μmol，Tris-Ac 0.5μmol。
可选地，每克反应微球中含有：DNA聚合酶460.53～464.19μg，每种引物0.013nmol，肌酸激酶657.89～663.13μg，DTT 0.0026～0.015mmol，磷酸激酶0.1～0.5mmol，单链结合蛋白10.53～10.61mg，重组酶1.71～1.72mg，辅助蛋白1.05～1.06mg，麦芽糖394.74～397.88mg，PEG 150～151.19mg，ATP 0.15μmol，dNTP各0.01μmol，Tris-Ac 0.5μmol。
可选地，所述微球制剂包括逆转录酶657.89～663.13μg。
可选地，所述重组酶选自T4 UvsX蛋白、T6 UvsX蛋白或Rb69 UvsX蛋白中的至少一种。
可选地，所述辅助蛋白选自T4 UvsY蛋白、T6 UvsY蛋白或Rb69 UvsY蛋白中的至少一种。
可选地，所述DNA聚合酶为链置换DNA聚合酶，选自金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA聚合酶I的大片段、枯草芽孢杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段、大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段或T4噬菌体Klewnowexo-聚合酶中的至少一种。
可选地，所述逆转录酶包括M-MLV逆转录酶。
可选地，所述单链结合蛋白选自T4 GP32蛋白、T6 GP32蛋白或Rb69 GP32蛋白中的至少一种。
可选地，所述微球制剂还包括第二微球，所述第二微球含有复溶剂PEG和/或镁盐激活剂。
可选地，每克第二微球中含有PEG 960～980mg和/或镁盐265.0～265.5μmol。
本公开还提供了前述任一项所述的微球制剂在RPA或RAA中的应用。
本公开还提供了微球制剂的制备方法，所述微球制剂包括前述任一项所述微球制剂；
所述制备方法包括，将微球制剂各组分混合均匀后，以不少于25s的时间间隔滴注于液氮中，微球在液氮中保存时间不低于1h后，转移至冻干机中进行冻干，按照冻干程序进行冻干干燥得到微球制剂；
所述冻干程序为梯度升温冻干干燥方法，依次包括预冻步骤、主干燥步骤和终末干燥步骤。
可选地，所述预冻步骤的温度为-54℃以下，处理时长为0.5～1h。
可选地，所述主干燥步骤的温度为-27～-15℃，处理时长为2～6h，真空度为0.01～30Pa；进一步可选地，所述主干燥步骤包括至少两个梯度升温处理过程。
可选地，所述终末干燥步骤的温度为0～20℃，处理时长为2h以上，真空度为0.01～1Pa。可选地，所述终末干燥步骤包括至少四个梯度升温处理过程。
本公开还提供了采用前述任一项所述微球制剂进行核酸扩增的方法，所述方法包括，按照每克反应微球对应0.263～6.58mL待扩增样本溶液的添加比例，向扩增样本溶液中加入反应微球，而后按照如下(a)～(c)任一项进行扩增：
(a)加入液体复溶剂与激活剂，混匀后，于37～44℃条件下直接扩增20min；
(b)加入第二微球后，于37～44℃条件下扩增20min，所述第二微球含有复溶剂PEG和镁盐激活剂；
(c)复溶后加入第二微球，于37～44℃条件下扩增20min，所述第二微球含有镁盐激活剂。
本公开还提供了微球制剂在核酸扩增联合第二反应方法中的应用，所述微球制剂包括前述任一项所述微球制剂；
所述核酸扩增采用前述所述的核酸扩增方法；
所述第二反应使用的制剂均为微球制剂；
所述第二反应包括荧光反应或CRISPR反应。
可选地，所述荧光反应包括在RPA或RAA体系冻干前体系中加入EXO酶以及探针，即可实时检测RPA或RAA荧光反应。
可选地，所述EXO酶选自外切酶为核酸外切酶III。
可选地，所述CRISPR反应包括Cas12 CRISPR检测体系以及Cas13 CRISPR检测体系。
可选地，所述第二反应方法包括，向扩增产物中直接加入用于第二反应的微球制剂，完成第二反应。
可选地，所述第二反应为CRISPR反应，所述CRISPR反应使用的微球制剂的制备方法为：配置CRISPR冻干体系，而后采用前述所述方法制备CRISPR反应使用的微球制剂；
所述CRISPR冻干体系含有：CRISPR冻干保护剂10μL/test，Buffer 1×，Cas12蛋白40～100nmol/L，Cas13蛋白40～100nmol/L，mRNA酶抑制剂5U，T7 RNApolymerase14U，rNTP0.5～0.6mmol/L，CrRNA1 0.1μM，ssDNA 0.8～1.2nmol/L，ssRNA 0.8～1.2nmol/L。
可选地，所述Cas12蛋白选自LbCas12a，FnCas12a，AsCas12a(cpf1)，BbCas12a(cpf1)，HkCas12a(cpf1)中的至少一种。
可选地，所述Cas13蛋白包括LwaCas13a。
可选地，所述T7 RNA polymerase来源于大肠杆菌表达。
本公开还提供了前述任一项所述微球制剂在扩增自显色反应中的应用，每克微球制剂中还包括EXO酶0.4613～12.13mg。
可选地，每克微球制剂中包括EXO酶0.6579～0.6667mg。
本公开还提供上文任一项所述的微球制剂在用于病毒感染检测中的用途。
可选地，所述病毒包括呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒中的至少一种。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开提供的只供RPA或RAA反应的微球制剂的包装形式；
图2为本公开提供的包括复溶微球或激活微球的微球制剂的包装形式；
图3为本公开提供的用于RPA-CRISPR反应的微球制剂的包装形式；
图4为本公开提供的不同种类的微球制剂的独立包装形式。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本公开的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本公开的范围，而是仅仅表示本公开的选定实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本公开一实施方式提供了用于核酸扩增的微球制剂，微球制剂包括由扩增反应所需的混合试剂经冻干得到的反应微球，每克反应微球中含有：
DNA聚合酶131.58～530.5μg，单链结合蛋白2.632～13.263mg，重组酶0.9867～3.316mg，辅助蛋白0.395～1.33mg，每种引物0.0075～0.02nmol(即0.0075～0.02nmol/单种引物，或者表示为体系中每种引物各0.0075～0.02nmol)，肌酸激酶657.89～663.13μg，ATP 0.1～0.2μmol，DTT 0.0026～0.015mmol，磷酸激酶0.1～0.5mmol，dNTP各0.008～0.012μmol,Tris-Ac 0.5～2.5μmol，麦芽糖0～663.13mg，PEG 131.58～663.13mg。
在可选的实施方式中，DNA聚合酶的含量可以为例如131.60～530.0μg、300.0～500,0μg或450.0～480.0μg，诸如131.58μg、200μg、300μg、380μg、400μg、450μg、460μg、470μg、500μg、530μg或530.5μg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。单链结合蛋白的含量可以为例如2.70～13.0mg、8.0～12.0mg或9.0～11.0mg，诸如2.632mg、5.0mg、7.0mg、9.0mg、10.0mg、11.0mg或13.0mg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。重组酶可以为例如0.99～3.30mg、1.0～3.0mg、1.5～2.5mg或1.5～2.0mg，诸如0.99mg、1.0mg、1.5mg、1.7mg、1.75mg、1.8mg、2.0mg、2.5mg、3.0mg或3.3mg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。辅助蛋白可以为例如0.40～1.30mg、0.80～1.20mg或0.90～1.10mg，诸如0.5mg、0.8mg、0.9mg、1.0mg、1.1mg或1.3mg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。体系中每种引物的含量可以为例如0.008～0.018nmol、0.0095～0.016nmol或0.010～0.014nmol，诸如0.0080nmol、0.0095nmol、0.010nmol、0.012nmol、0.013nmol、0.014nmol、0.016nmol或0.018nmol，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。肌酸激酶的含量可以为例如657.90～663.00μg、658.0～662.0μg或659.5～661.5μg，诸如 657.90μg、658.0μg、659.0μg、660.0μg、661.0μg、662.0μg或663.0μg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。ATP的含量可以为例如0.1～0.2μmol，诸如0.1μmol、0.12μmol、0.14μmol、0.15μmol、0.16μmol、0.18μmol或0.2μmol，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。DTT的含量可以为例如0.0030～0.0140mmol、0.0080～0.0138mmol或0.010～0.0135mmol，诸如0.0030mmol、0.0070mmol、0.0090mmol、0.010mmol、0.012mmol、0.013mmol、0.014mmol或0.015mmol，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。磷酸激酶的含量可以为例如0.15～0.45mmol、0.20～0.40mmol或0.25～0.35mmol，诸如0.1mmol、0.18mmol、0.20mmol、0.28mmol、0.32mmol、0.33mmol、0.34mmol、0.36mmol、0.38mmol、0.40mmol、0.46mmol或0.5mmol，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。dNTP的含量可以为例如0.0085～0.018μmol、0.0090～0.016μmol或0.0095～0.015μmol，诸如0.008μmol、0.009μmol、0.010μmol、0.011μmol或0.012μmol，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。Tris-Ac的含量可以为例如0.5～2.0μmol、0.7～1.5μmol或0.8～1.0μmol，诸如0.5μmol、0.7μmol、0.9μmol、1.0μmol、1.5μmol、2.0μmol或2.5μmol，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。麦芽糖的含量可以为例如0.1～660mg、50～600mg或150～500mg，诸如0.1mg、10mg、100mg、150mg、200mg、250mg、300mg、350mg、370mg、390mg、400mg、450mg、500mg、550mg、600mg、650mg或663mg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。麦芽糖的含量可以为0，即不添加麦芽糖。PEG的含量可以为例如135～600mg、140～450mg或145～185mg，诸如131.58mg、135mg、140mg、145mg、150mg、160mg、170mg、180mg、190mg、200mg、300mg、500mg、600mg或663.13mg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。
在可选实施方式中，微球制剂用于RNA扩增体系，每克微球制剂中还包括逆转录酶394.74～795.76μg。例如，逆转录酶的含量可以为395.0～795.0μg、450.0～750.0μg或550.0～650.0μg，诸如394.74μg、395.0μg、400.0μg、450μg、500μg、550μg、600μg、650μg、700μg、750μg或790μg，或任意两个端点值之间的区间值。
在可选实施方式中，微球制剂包括由扩增反应所需的混合试剂经冻干得到的反应微球，每克反应微球中含有：
DNA聚合酶460.53～464.19μg，每种引物各0.013nmol(即0.013nmol/单种引物或表示为体系中的每种引物各0.013nmol)，单链结合蛋白10.53～10.61mg，重组酶1.71～1.72mg，辅助蛋白1.05～1.06mg，麦芽糖394.74～397.88mg，PEG 150～151.19mg，ATP 0.15μmol，dNTP各0.01μmol，Tris-Ac 0.5μmol。
在可选实施方式中，每克反应微球中含有：DNA聚合酶460.53～464.19μg，每种引物各0.013nmol(即0.013nmol/单种引物或表示为体系中的每种引物各0.013nmol)，肌酸激酶657.89～663.13μg，DTT 0.0026～0.015mmol，磷酸激酶0.1～0.5mmol，单链结合蛋白10.53～10.61mg，重组酶1.71～1.72mg，辅助蛋白1.05～1.06mg，麦芽糖394.74～397.88mg，PEG 150～151.19mg，ATP 0.15μmol，dNTP各0.01μmol，Tris-Ac 0.5μmol。
可选地，微球制剂还包括逆转录酶657.89～663.13μg。
在可选实施方式中，重组酶选自T4 UvsX蛋白、T6 UvsX蛋白或Rb69 UvsX蛋白。在可选实施方式中，重组酶选自T4 UvsX蛋白、T6 UvsX蛋白或Rb69 UvsX蛋白中的至少一种。
可选地，辅助蛋白选自T4 UvsY蛋白、T6 UvsY蛋白或Rb69 UvsY蛋白。可选地，辅助蛋白选自T4 UvsY蛋白、T6 UvsY蛋白或Rb69 UvsY蛋白中的至少一种。
可选地，DNA聚合酶为链置换DNA聚合酶，选自金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA聚合酶I的大片段、枯草芽孢杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段、大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段或T4噬菌体Klewnowexo-聚合酶。可选地，DNA聚合酶为链置换DNA聚合酶，选自金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA聚合酶I的大片段、枯草芽孢杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段、大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段或T4噬菌体Klewnowexo-聚合酶中的至少一种。
可选地，逆转录酶包括M-MLV逆转录酶。
可选地，单链结合蛋白选自T4 GP32蛋白、T6 GP32蛋白或Rb69 GP32蛋白。可选地，单链结合蛋白选自T4 GP32蛋白、T6 GP32蛋白或Rb69 GP32蛋白中的至少一种。
在可选实施方式中，微球制剂还包括第二微球，第二微球含有复溶剂PEG和/或镁盐激活剂。
可选地，每克第二微球中含有PEG 960～980mg和/或镁盐265.0～265.5μmol。
本公开一实施方式提供了前述实施方式任一项所述的微球制剂在RPA或RAA中的应用。
本公开一实施方式提供了微球制剂的制备方法，微球制剂包括前述实施方式任一项所述微球制剂；
制备方法包括，将微球制剂各组分混合均匀后，以不少于25s的时间间隔滴注于液氮中，微球在液氮中保存时间不低于1h后，转移至冻干机中进行冻干，按照冻干程序进行冻干干燥得到微球制剂；
冻干程序为梯度升温冻干干燥方法，依次包括预冻步骤、主干燥步骤和终末干燥步骤。
可选地，预冻步骤的温度为-54℃以下，处理时长为0.5～1h。
可选地，主干燥步骤的温度为-27～-15℃，处理时长为2～6h，真空度为0.01～30Pa。可选地，主干燥步骤包括至少两个梯度升温处理过程。
可选地，终末干燥步骤的温度为0～20℃，处理时长为2h以上，真空度为0.01～1Pa。可选地，终末干燥步骤包括至少四个梯度升温处理过程。
本公开一实施方式还提供了采用前述实施方式任一项所述微球制剂进行核酸扩增的方法，方法包括，按照每克反应微球对应0.263～6.58mL待扩增样本溶液的添加比例，向扩增样本溶液中加入反应微球，而后按照如下(a)～(c)任一项进行扩增：
(a)加入液体复溶剂与激活剂，混匀后，于37～44℃条件下直接扩增20min；
(b)加入第二微球后，于37～44℃条件下扩增20min，第二微球含有复溶剂PEG和镁盐激活剂；
(c)复溶后加入第二微球，于37～44℃条件下扩增20min，第二微球含有镁盐激活剂。
本公开提供了微球制剂在核酸扩增联合第二反应方法中的应用，微球制剂包括前述实施方式任一项所述微球制剂；
核酸扩增采用前述实施方式所述的核酸扩增方法；
第二反应使用的制剂均为微球制剂；
第二反应包括荧光反应或CRISPR反应。
可选地，荧光反应包括在RPA或RAA体系冻干前体系中加入EXO酶以及探针，即可实时检测RPA或RAA荧光反应。
可选地，EXO酶选自外切酶为核酸外切酶III。
可选地，CRISPR反应包括Cas12 CRISPR检测体系以及Cas13 CRISPR检测体系。
在可选实施方式中，第二反应方法包括，向扩增产物中直接加入用于第二反应的微球制剂，完成第二反应。
在可选实施方式中，第二反应为CRISPR反应，CRISPR反应使用的微球制剂的制备方法为：配置CRISPR冻干体系，而后采用前述实施方式所述方法制备CRISPR反应使用的微球制剂；
CRISPR冻干体系含有：CRISPR冻干保护剂10μL/test，Buffer 1×，Cas12蛋白40～100nmol/L，Cas13蛋白40～100nmol/L，mRNA酶抑制剂5U，T7 RNApolymerase14U，rNTP0.5～0.6mmol/L，CrRNA1 0.1μM，ssDNA 0.8～1.2nmol/L，ssRNA 0.8～1.2nmol/L。
可选地，Cas12蛋白选自LbCas12a，FnCas12a，AsCas12a(cpf1)，BbCas12a(cpf1)，HkCas12a(cpf1)。可选地，Cas12蛋白选自LbCas12a，FnCas12a，AsCas12a(cpf1)，BbCas12a(cpf1)或HkCas12a(cpf1)中的至少一种。
可选地，Cas13蛋白包括LwaCas13a。
可选地，T7 RNA polymerase来源于大肠杆菌表达。
本公开一实施方式还提供了前述实施方式任一项所述微球制剂在扩增自显色反应中的应用，每克微球制剂中还包括EXO酶0.4613～12.13mg。
可选地，每克微球制剂中包括EXO酶0.6579～0.6667mg。
本公开一实施方式还提供上文实施方式中任一项所述的微球制剂在用于病毒感染检测中的用途。
可选地，所述病毒包括呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒中的至少一种。
一、本公开具体实施方式涉及具体不同反应方法说明如下：
1、微球制剂的冻干制备方法
在以下某些具体的实施方式中，制备微球制剂采用的冻干方法为：将微球制剂各组分混合均匀后，以不少于25s的时间间隔(不限制所述时间间隔的上限，不少于25s的时间间隔均可以满足本方法)滴注于液氮中，微球在液氮中保存时间不低于1h(不限制所述保存时间上限，不低于1h的保存时间均可以满足本方法)后，转移至冻干机中进行冻干，按照冻干程序进行冻干干燥得到微球制剂。冻干程序为梯度升温冻干干燥方法，依次包括预冻步骤、主干燥步骤和终末干燥步骤。预冻步骤的温度为-54℃以下，处理时长为0.5～1h；主干燥步骤的温度为-27～-15℃，处理时长为2～6h，真空度为0.01～30Pa；主干燥步骤包括至少两个梯度升温处理过程；终末干燥步骤的温度为0～20℃，处理时长为2h以上，真空度为0.01～1Pa；终末干燥步骤包括至少四个梯度升温处理过程。
2、RAA、RPA(基础以及荧光)反应参数
RAA、RPA(基础以及荧光)反应中使用的微球组成由上所述，存在不同。但具体反应方法可以采用相同步骤，包括但不限于反应体系混合后，37℃～44℃恒温20分钟，如果是荧光反应，则荧光采集规则为30s,采集一次荧光，共40个循环。
3、CRISPR反应
在以下某些具体的实施方式中，所述的CRISPR反应包括但不限于，取10μL灭活后扩增产物，与25μL水混匀，加入CRISPR微球中。45℃～65℃ ABI7500反应，每30s采集一次荧光，共收集30次荧光。
二、本公开提供的不同用途的微球制剂的具体包装形式如下：
1、只供RPA或RAA反应的微球制剂如图1所示，包括所需引物在内的扩增试剂，经过上述微球制剂的冻干制备方法，得到独立微球，每一个独立微球单独包装，在进行RPA或RAA反应时，直接加入待测样本，液体的复溶剂以及激活剂即可。
2、某些反应中还需要加入复溶微球，则相应地采用如图2所示的包装形式，每一个包装管中分别含有一个反应微球以及一个复溶微球，进行反应时直接加入待测样本以及液体的激活剂即可。可以理解的是，液体镁盐激活剂也可以与复溶剂混合冻成复溶/激活混合微球，此时反应直接加入待测样本即可。
3、当RPA或RAA反应结束后，还联合了第二反应，例如CRISPR反应，相应的包装形式如图3所示，左侧两管即用于完成RPA或RAA反应的包装罐，右侧两管中含有用于CRISPR反应的反应微球，左侧扩增完成后的产物，直接转移进右侧CRISPR反应微球包装管即可进行CRISPR反应。
需要说明的是，上述三种包装形式中采用的包装管是可以根据实际需求进行调整和替换的，并不限于使用附图中的包装管的具体结构和形状。
4、对于批量储存、运输和销售，在没有即取即用需求的情况下，不同种类的微球制剂还可以采用分别独立包装的形式，如图4所示。
本公开提供一种微球制剂，在扩增反应过程中，直接将待测液体样本与微球制剂混合，省略扩增试剂的制备步骤，从而维持引物浓度一直处于稳定的过饱和状态，从而提高多重检测反应的灵敏度，同时又不会对扩增反应的特异性造成负面影响。
本公开提供的用于核酸扩增的微球制剂能够在2～8℃下长期保存，并且，本公开提供的微球制剂在使用时，不额外添加溶剂，而是直接与待测样本混合，能够显著提高模板浓度上限，从而提高多重检测中的灵敏度。
将本公开提供的核酸扩增用的微球制剂用于RPA、RAA，或者在RPA或RAA基础上，联合第二反应构成的双重或者多重检测中，能够显著高提高灵敏度，同时保证扩增的特异性。
实施例
下面结合附图，对本公开的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在以下实施例中，检出率的计算公式为：检出率＝检测到的样本数量/检测的样本总数。
实施例1
本实施例提供了用于呼吸道合胞分型检测的RPA冻干反应微球，每克反应微球中含有的组分如下表1、表2所示：
表1
组分名称 含量
T4 GP32 10.53～10.61mg
T4 UvsX 1.71～1.72mg
T4 UvsY 1.05～1.06mg
Klewnowexo-聚合酶 460.53～464.19μg
M-MLV 657.89～663.13μg
核酸外切酶III 0.6579～0.6667mg
麦芽糖 394.74～397.88mg
PEG(20K-36K) 150～151.19mg
肌酸激酶 657.89～663.13μg
ATP 0.15μmol
DTT 0.013mmol
磷酸激酶 0.331mmol
dNTP(即包括dATP、dGTP、dTTP、dCTP) 各0.01μmol
Tris-Ac 0.5μmol
引物(表2中) 各0.013nmol
探针 各0.006nmol
其中，引物详见表2：
表2
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000001
其中RSV-F与RSV-R以及RSV-P组合使用能够特异性检出呼吸道合胞A型；RSV-F与RSV-2R以及RSV-P1组合使用能够特异性检出呼吸道合胞B型。RSV-P核苷酸序列第35位和第38位碱基T分别偶联FAM和BHQ1荧光基团，第36位碱基替换为THF。RSV-P1核苷酸序列第27位和第29位碱基T分别偶联CY5和BHQ2荧光基团，第28位碱基替换为THF。
需要说明的是，本公开提供的微球制剂对于引物和探针并不存在选择性，本领域技术人员可以根据实际的扩增靶点自主设计对应的引物和探针，本公开提供的微球制剂对不同引物和探针均具有良好的兼容性。
按照上述冻干微球制备方法制备得到白色微球制剂，具体冻干程序参数如下表3：
表3
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000002
得到的反应微球重量约为7.54～7.60mg，直径3.8～4.5mm，白色球状。
经数字PCR定量的呼吸道合胞a/b型口咽拭子样本(样本来源：由上海伯鉴医学检验实验室提供)稀释至1×10 4拷贝(copies)/mL、5×10 3拷贝/mL、5×10 2拷贝/mL、2.5×10 2拷贝/mL和1.5×10 2拷贝/mL作为待测样本备用。使用上述制备得到的反应微球对每个 样本重复检测10次，检出率达90％的样本为该试剂的最低检测限。
检测流程：
(1)事先将反应微球预分装至反应管中，RPA反应管中每孔1个RPA反应微球；
(2)将15μL样本加入RPA反应微球中，加入复溶剂30μL，激活剂5μL；复活剂为质量体积比为7.35％的PEG(35K)水溶液，激活剂为醋酸镁水溶液，醋酸镁浓度为140mmol/L；
(3)将反应体系充分混匀后，44℃下进行ABI7500反应，每30s采集一次荧光，共收集30次荧光，统计对应检出率。
结果统计详见表4：
表4
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000003
结论：双重体系微球能够检出不同型别呼吸道合胞样本，检测灵敏度低至2.5×10 2拷贝/mL。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，本实施例还使用冻干制备方法制备了复溶微球，复溶微球的组分为PEG(35K)(976mg/g)。
经数字PCR定量的呼吸道合胞a/b型口咽拭子样本(样本来源：由上海伯鉴医学检验实验室提供)稀释至5×10 3拷贝/mL、5×10 2拷贝/mL、2.5×10 2拷贝/mL、1.5×10 2拷贝/mL和1.0×10 2拷贝/mL作为待测样本备用。其余检测同实施例1，结果如下表5：
表5
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000005
结论：双重体系微球能够检出不同型别呼吸道合胞样本，检测灵敏度低至1.5×10 2拷贝/mL。
实施例3
本实施例提供了用于甲流病毒和乙流病毒检测的RPA-CRISPR冻干微球，包括RPA反应微球、复溶微球和CRISPR微球。反应微球重量约为7.54～7.60mg，直径3.8～4.5mm，白色球状；复溶剂微球重量约为2.52～2.58mg，直径3.2～3.5mm，白色球状；CRISPR微球重量约为2.2～2.32mg，直径3.2～3.8mm，淡粉色球状。每克RPA反应微球含有的组分如下表6所示：
表6
组分名称 含量
单链结合蛋白 10.53～10.61mg
重组酶 1.71～1.72mg
辅助蛋白 1.05～1.06mg
DNA聚合酶 460.53～464.19μg
逆转录酶 657.89～663.13μg
麦芽糖 394.74～397.88mg
PEG(20K-36K) 150～151.19mg
肌酸激酶 657.89～663.13μg
ATP 0.15μmol
DTT 0.013mmol
磷酸激酶 0.331mmol
dNTP(即包括dATP、dGTP、dTTP、dCTP) 各0.01μmol
Tris-Ac 0.5μmol
引物(表7中) 各0.015nmol
其中引物详见表7：
表7
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000006
其中IFA-F与IFA-R组合使用能够特异性扩增出甲型流感病毒靶标序列，IFB-F与IFB-R组合使用能够特异性扩增出乙型流感病毒靶标序列。
复溶微球的组分为PEG(35K):976mg/g。
CRISPR微球冻干体系如下表8：
表8
组分名称 添加量
CRISPR冻干保护剂 10μL/test
Buffer 3.1 1×
LbCas12a(cpf1) 100nmol/L
LwaCas13a 100nmol/L
Murine RNase inhibitor(40U/μL) 0.125μL
T7 RNA polymerase 0.05μL
rNTP 0.8μL
CrRNA1 20ng/μL
CrRNA2 20ng/μL
ssDNA 2μmol/L
ssRNA 2μmol/L
其中CrRNA1、CrRNA2、ssDNA和ssRNA的核苷酸序列如下表9：
表9
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000007
其中CrRNA1在CRISPR体系下能够特异性的与IFA-F与IFA-R扩增产物相结合，启动Cas13蛋白的反式切割活性，切割ssRNA，发出荧光；CrRNA2在CRISPR体系下能够特异性的与IFB-F与IFB-R扩增产物相结合，启动Cas12蛋白的反式切割活性，切割ssDNA，发出荧光。
经数字PCR定量的甲流病毒口咽拭子样本和乙流病毒口咽拭子样本(样本来源：由上海伯鉴医学检验实验室提供)稀释至1×10 4拷贝/mL、5×10 3拷贝/mL、5×10 2拷贝/mL、2.5×10 2拷贝/mL、2.0×10 2拷贝/mL和1.0×10 2拷贝/mL作为待测样本备用。
检测流程如下：
(1)事先将反应微球预分装至反应管中，RPA反应管中每孔1个RPA反应微球以及1个复溶剂微球；CRISPR反应管中，每孔1个CRISPR微球。
(2)将45μL样本加入RPA反应微球中，加入激活剂5μL；
(3)将反应体系充分混匀后，金属浴42℃，孵育20min,95℃，2min，灭活；
(4)取10μL灭活后RPA产物，与25μL水混匀，加入CRISPR微球中。
(5)45℃下ABI7500反应，每30s采集一次荧光，共收集30次荧光，统计对应检出率。
结果统计如下表10：
表10
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000009
结论：双重甲乙流RPA-CRISPR冻干微球经测试最低检测限为2.0×10 2拷贝/mL。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例3的区别在于，省略了复溶微球，采用在检测流程第(2)步中额外加入复溶剂30μL，待测样本的稀释浓度为1×10 4拷贝/mL、5×10 3拷贝/mL、5×10 2拷贝/mL、4×10 2拷贝/mL、2.0×10 2拷贝/mL和1.0×10 2拷贝/mL。
检测结果如下表11：
表11
模板浓度 甲流阳性检出率 乙流阳性检出率 阴性对照阴性检出率
1×10 4拷贝/mL 10/10 10/10 3/3
5×10 3拷贝/mL 10/10 10/10 3/3
5×10 2拷贝/mL 10/10 10/10 3/3
4.0×10 2拷贝/mL 10/10 10/10 3/3
2.0×10 2拷贝/mL 8/10 9/10 3/3
1.0×10 2拷贝/mL 6/10 8/10 3/3
结论：双重甲流病毒和乙流病毒RPA-CRISPR冻干微球经测试最低检测限为4.0×10 2拷贝/mL。
实施例5
将实施例3提供的用于甲流病毒和乙流病毒检测的RPA-CRISPR冻干微球分别常温存放15天、30天、90天、180、270天以及360天后，进行稳定性测试。
样本制备：经数字PCR定量的甲流病毒和乙流病毒样本稀释至最低检测限200拷贝/mL，作为待测样本备用。
应用上述不同保藏时间的RPA-CRISPR冻干微球按照实施例3的检测方法对上述待测样本进行检测，结果如下表12：
表12
Figure PCTCN2022144231-appb-000010
结论：冻干微球在室温存放360天，其检测性能仍未受影响。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的范围。
工业实用性
本公开提供的用于核酸扩增的微球制剂能够在2～8℃下长期保存，并且，本公开提供的微球制剂在使用时，不额外添加溶剂，而是直接与待测样本混合，在不改变原有体系浓度的前提下，能够显著提高体系中模板含量，从而提高检测的灵敏度。将本公开提供的核酸扩增用的微球制剂用于RPA、RAA，或者在RPA或RAA基础上，联合第二反应构成的双重或者多重检测中，能够显著高提高灵敏度，同时保证扩增的特异性，因此具有优异的实用性能。

Claims (14)

  1. 用于核酸扩增的微球制剂，其特征在于，所述微球制剂包括由扩增反应所需的混合试剂经冻干得到的反应微球，每克反应微球中含有：
    DNA聚合酶131.58～530.5μg，单链结合蛋白2.632～13.263mg，重组酶0.9867～3.316mg，辅助蛋白0.395～1.33mg，每种引物0.0075～0.02nmol，肌酸激酶657.89～663.13μg，ATP 0.1～0.2μmol，DTT 0.0026～0.015mmol，磷酸激酶0.1～0.5mmol，dNTP各0.008～0.012μmol,Tris-Ac 0.5～2.5μmol，麦芽糖0～663.13mg，PEG 131.58～663.13mg。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微球制剂，其特征在于，所述微球制剂用于RNA扩增体系，每克微球制剂中还包括逆转录酶394.74～795.76μg。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的微球制剂，其特征在于，所述微球制剂包括由扩增反应所需的混合试剂经冻干得到的反应微球，每克反应微球中含有：
    DNA聚合酶460.53～464.19μg，每种引物0.013nmol，单链结合蛋白10.53～10.61mg，重组酶1.71～1.72mg，辅助蛋白1.05～1.06mg，麦芽糖394.74～397.88mg，PEG 150～151.19mg，ATP 0.15μmol，dNTP各0.01μmol，Tris-Ac 0.5μmol；
    优选地，每克反应微球中含有：DNA聚合酶460.53～464.19μg，每种引物0.013nmol，肌酸激酶657.89～663.13μg，DTT 0.0026～0.015mmol，磷酸激酶0.1～0.5mmol，单链结合蛋白10.53～10.61mg，重组酶1.71～1.72mg，辅助蛋白1.05～1.06mg，麦芽糖394.74～397.88mg，PEG 150～151.19mg，ATP 0.15μmol，dNTP各0.01μmol，Tris-Ac 0.5μmol；
    优选地，所述微球制剂包括逆转录酶657.89～663.13μg。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的微球制剂，其特征在于，所述重组酶选自T4 UvsX蛋白、T6 UvsX蛋白或Rb69 UvsX蛋白中的至少一种；
    优选地，所述辅助蛋白选自T4 UvsY蛋白、T6 UvsY蛋白或Rb69 UvsY蛋白中的至少一种；
    优选地，所述DNA聚合酶为链置换DNA聚合酶，选自金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA聚合酶I的大片段、枯草芽孢杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段、大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I大片段或T4噬菌体Klewnowexo-聚合酶中的至少一种；
    优选地，所述逆转录酶包括M-MLV逆转录酶；
    优选地，所述单链结合蛋白选自T4 GP32蛋白、T6 GP32蛋白或Rb69 GP32蛋白中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的微球制剂，其特征在于，所述微球制剂还包括第二微球，所述第二微球含有复溶剂PEG和/或镁盐激活剂；
    优选地，每克第二微球中含有PEG 960～980mg和/或镁盐265.0～265.5μmol。
  6. 权利要求1～5任一项所述的微球制剂在RPA或RAA中的应用。
  7. 微球制剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述微球制剂包括权利要求1～5任一项所述微球制剂；
    所述制备方法包括，将微球制剂各组分混合均匀后，以不少于25s的时间间隔滴注于液氮中，微球在液氮中保存时间不低于1h后，转移至冻干机中进行冻干，按照冻干程序进行冻干干燥得到微球制剂；
    所述冻干程序为梯度升温冻干干燥方法，依次包括预冻步骤、主干燥步骤和终末干燥步骤；
    优选地，所述预冻步骤的温度为-54℃以下，处理时长为0.5～1h；
    优选地，所述主干燥步骤的温度为-27～-15℃，处理时长为2～6h，真空度为0.01～30Pa；进一步优选地，所述主干燥步骤包括至少两个梯度升温处理过程；
    优选地，所述终末干燥步骤的温度为0～20℃，处理时长为2h以上，真空度为0.01～1Pa；进一步优选地，所述终末干燥步骤包括至少四个梯度升温处理过程。
  8. 采用权利要求1～5任一项所述微球制剂进行核酸扩增的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括，按照每克反应微球对应0.263～6.58mL待扩增样本溶液的添加比例，向扩增样本溶液中加入反应微球，而后按照如下(a)～(c)任一项进行扩增：
    (a)加入液体复溶剂与激活剂，混匀后，于37～44℃条件下直接扩增20min；
    (b)加入第二微球后，于37～44℃条件下扩增20min，所述第二微球含有复溶剂PEG和镁盐激活剂；
    (c)复溶后加入第二微球，于37～44℃条件下扩增20min，所述第二微球含有镁盐激活剂。
  9. 微球制剂在核酸扩增联合第二反应方法中的应用，其特征在于，
    所述微球制剂包括权利要求1～5任一项所述微球制剂；
    所述核酸扩增采用权利要求8所述的方法；
    所述第二反应使用的制剂均为微球制剂；
    所述第二反应包括荧光反应或CRISPR反应；
    优选地，所述荧光反应包括在RPA或RAA体系冻干前体系中加入EXO酶以及探针，即可实时检测RPA或RAA荧光反应；
    优选地，所述EXO酶选自外切酶为核酸外切酶III；
    优选地，所述CRISPR反应包括Cas12 CRISPR检测体系以及Cas13 CRISPR检测体系。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，所述第二反应方法包括，向扩增产物中直接加入用于第二反应的微球制剂，完成第二反应。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的应用，其特征在于，所述第二反应为CRISPR反应，所述CRISPR反应使用的微球制剂的制备方法为：配置CRISPR冻干体系，而后采用权利要求7所述方法制备CRISPR反应使用的微球制剂；
    所述CRISPR冻干体系含有：CRISPR冻干保护剂10μL/test，Buffer 1×，Cas12蛋白40～100nmol/L，Cas13蛋白40～100nmol/L，mRNA酶抑制剂5U，T7 RNA polymerase14U，rNTP0.5～0.6mmol/L，CrRNA1 0.1μM，ssDNA 0.8～1.2nmol/L，ssRNA 0.8～1.2nmol/L；
    优选地，所述Cas12蛋白选自LbCas12a，FnCas12a，AsCas12a(cpf1)，BbCas12a(cpf1)或HkCas12a(cpf1)中的至少一种；
    优选地，所述Cas13蛋白包括LwaCas13a；
    优选地，所述T7 RNA polymerase来源于大肠杆菌。
  12. 权利要求1～5任一项所述微球制剂在扩增荧光型反应中的应用，其特征在于，每克微球制剂中还包括EXO酶0.4613～12.13mg；
    优选地，每克微球制剂中包括EXO酶0.6579～0.6667mg。
  13. 权利要求1～5任一项所述的微球制剂在用于病毒感染检测中的用途。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的用途，其特征在于，所述病毒包括呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒中的至少一种。
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