WO2024055310A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055310A1
WO2024055310A1 PCT/CN2022/119418 CN2022119418W WO2024055310A1 WO 2024055310 A1 WO2024055310 A1 WO 2024055310A1 CN 2022119418 W CN2022119418 W CN 2022119418W WO 2024055310 A1 WO2024055310 A1 WO 2024055310A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
protrusion
end cover
assembly
support member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/119418
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
刘文忠
李全坤
王鹏
杨开焕
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/119418 priority Critical patent/WO2024055310A1/zh
Publication of WO2024055310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055310A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, specifically, to a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Batteries are widely used in the field of new energy, such as electric vehicles and new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles and electric vehicles have become a new development trend in the automobile industry. The development of battery technology must consider multiple design factors at the same time, such as energy density, cycle life, discharge capacity, charge and discharge rate and other performance parameters. In addition, battery safety also needs to be considered. However, in the scenario where the cells are inverted, the safety of the battery cells is poor.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which is intended to improve the problem in related technologies that battery cells are less safe when the cells are inverted.
  • inventions of the present application provide a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly, an end cap assembly and a support.
  • the casing has an opening;
  • the electrode assembly has a main body and a support.
  • the pole protrudes from the main body part, and the electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing;
  • the end cover assembly closes the opening;
  • the support member is located between the end cover assembly and the main body part,
  • the support member includes a support body and a hook portion.
  • the support body has a first surface facing the end cover assembly and a second surface away from the end cover assembly.
  • the hooking portion is provided on the support body, the hooking portion cooperates with the end cover assembly, and the hooking portion is located between the first surface and the second surface.
  • a support is provided between the end cap assembly and the main body of the battery cell.
  • the support can support the electrode assembly, so that the gravity of the main body of the electrode assembly It is not easy to transmit to the tabs, and it is not easy to cause the tabs to bifurcate and insert, which improves the safety of the battery cells.
  • the support body is connected to the end cover assembly through the hook portion, so that the support member will not move up and down in the housing and will not hit the electrode assembly and cause damage to the electrode assembly.
  • Providing the hook portion between the first surface and the second surface reduces the volume occupied in the thickness direction of the end cover assembly, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the hooking part does not extend beyond the first surface or the second surface, and during the production process, the hooking part is not easily broken by external force.
  • stacking materials multiple support members are stacked and the hooking portion does not exceed the first surface or the second surface, so that the first surface of one support member can fit against the second surface of another support member. In this way, The contact area of the two supports is larger, which is beneficial to stable stacking.
  • the hooking part is arranged between the first surface and the second surface, compared with the hooking part extending beyond the first surface or the second surface, it is less likely to hook between two adjacent supports when stacking materials. Hanging, when taking one support part, the other support part will not be pulled, which is conducive to improving production safety and production efficiency.
  • the second surface abuts the main body part.
  • the relative position of the support body and the main body will not change, and the main body will not be in contact with the support body.
  • the electrode assembly is less likely to be damaged, which is beneficial to extending the life of the battery cell.
  • the tab is bent around the support body.
  • the support body includes a body part and a protruding part, the tabs are bent around the body part, and the protruding part protrudes along the thickness direction. From the side of the body part facing away from the end cap assembly, the surface of the protruding part facing away from the end cap assembly is the second surface, and the surface of the body part facing the end cap assembly is the second surface. Describe the first surface.
  • the protruding portion can strengthen the strength of the support body and improve the supporting capacity of the support body.
  • the thickness of the body part is relatively thin, which facilitates bending of the tab around the body part.
  • the protruding part includes a main protruding part and a side protruding part, and the main protruding part is provided with a plurality of The side protrusions are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the end cap assembly, and a receiving space for accommodating the tabs is formed between two adjacent side protrusions.
  • a receiving space for accommodating the tab is formed between two adjacent side protrusions, so that the tab is less likely to interfere with the support member and can be smoothly bent around the body part, making it less likely to cause damage to the tab.
  • the main convex portion and the side convex portion can protect the tabs, reduce the possibility of damage caused by contact between the tabs and other components, and help improve the safety and life of the battery cells.
  • At least one of the side protruding parts is provided with the hooking part.
  • the height of the side convex portion protruding from the main body is cleverly utilized, so that the hook portion can be hidden between the first surface and the second surface.
  • the space occupied by the support member along the thickness direction of the end cover is reduced, which is beneficial to increasing the energy density.
  • the main protrusion has an opposite first end and a second end, and the first end and/or the second end are provided with The side protruding portion; the side protruding portion located at the first end and/or the second end is provided with the hook portion.
  • the hooking portion is provided on the side protrusion located at the first end and/or the second end, so as to facilitate the hooking and matching of the hooking portion and the end cover assembly during assembly.
  • the side protrusion located at the first end is a first protrusion
  • the side protrusion located at the second end is a second protrusion
  • the first end is also provided with a first blocking member, pointing in the direction of the first end along the second end, and the first blocking member exceeds the hooking portion of the first protruding portion
  • the second end is further provided with a second blocking member, pointing in the direction of the first end toward the second end, and the second blocking member exceeds the hook provided on the second protrusion.
  • the first blocking member exceeds the hook portion provided on the first protrusion in the direction in which the second end points to the first end, and the first blocking member points in the direction of the second end toward the first end.
  • the first blocking member is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook part can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook part can be reduced.
  • the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion provided on the second protruding portion in the direction in which the first end points to the second end, and in the direction in which the first end points to the second end,
  • the second blocking member is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion can be reduced.
  • a resisting portion is provided on the first blocking member and/or the second blocking member, and the resisting portion resists the end cap assembly.
  • the support body cannot move in the direction in which the main body points toward the end cover assembly, thereby better limiting the position of the support body and preventing the support from being supported. The body moves causing damage to the electrode assembly.
  • a plurality of side convex portions are provided on both sides of the main convex portion along the width direction.
  • a plurality of side protrusions are provided on both sides of the main protrusion in the width direction to form a plurality of accommodation spaces for accommodating the pole tabs, so that the pole tabs can be wound around from both sides of the main protrusion in the width direction. Bend the main body.
  • At least one end of the support body is provided with the hook portion along the length direction of the end cover assembly.
  • the support body has an opposite first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end are provided with the hanging Buckle part; the first end is also provided with a first blocking member, pointing in the direction of the first end along the second end, and the first blocking member exceeds the hanging member provided at the first end.
  • the buckle; and/or the second end is also provided with a second blocking member, pointing in the direction of the second end along the first end, and the second blocking member exceeds the second blocking member provided at the second end.
  • Hanging buckle part is also provided with a first blocking member, pointing in the direction of the second end along the first end, and the second blocking member exceeds the second blocking member provided at the second end.
  • the first blocking member exceeds the hook portion provided on the first protrusion in the direction in which the second end points to the first end, and the first blocking member points in the direction of the second end toward the first end.
  • the first blocking member is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook part can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook part can be reduced.
  • the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion provided on the second protruding portion in the direction in which the first end points to the second end, and in the direction in which the first end points to the second end,
  • the second blocking member is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion can be reduced.
  • the end cap assembly is provided with a first recess on a side facing the electrode assembly, and the support member is at least partially accommodated in the first recess.
  • the gap enables the support member to move relative to the end cap assembly, thereby achieving the support member following the shape of the tab.
  • adaptive movement For example, when one side of the tab is welded to the electrode terminal, the side tab or the other side tab can push the support member to move in the first recess relative to the end cap assembly, thereby adjusting the position of the support member so as not to The support will always act on the pole lug, which will not easily cause damage to the pole lug due to stress concentration.
  • the support member is completely accommodated in the first recess.
  • the support member is completely accommodated in the first recess, which is beneficial to reducing the occupation of the internal space of the battery cell by the support member and improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the maximum gap between the part of the support member accommodated in the first recess and the side wall surface of the first recess is D1 , satisfying: 0.2mm ⁇ D1 ⁇ 4mm.
  • the support member by setting the maximum gap between the portion of the support member accommodated in the first recessed portion and the side wall surface of the first recessed portion along the length direction of the end cover assembly in the range of 0.2 to 4mm, it is possible to ensure that the support member has sufficient
  • the space for movement ensures the range of movement required for self-adaptation.
  • the positions of the support and end cover components are relatively stable and are not prone to significant shaking. If D1 ⁇ 0.2mm, the support member has a small range of movement along the length of the end cover assembly and poor adaptive capability. If D1>4mm, the support member has a larger range of movement along the length of the end cover assembly. When the battery cell is vibrated, the support member is prone to shaking significantly, which may cause damage to the tabs.
  • the maximum gap between the part of the support member accommodated in the first recess and the side wall surface of the first recess is D2 , satisfying: 0.6mm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 4mm.
  • the support member by setting the maximum gap between the portion of the support member accommodated in the first recessed portion and the side wall surface of the first recessed portion along the width direction of the end cap assembly in the range of 0.6 to 4mm, it is possible to ensure that the support member has sufficient
  • the space for movement ensures the range of movement required for self-adaptation.
  • the positions of the support and end cover components are relatively stable and are not prone to significant shaking. If D2 is less than 0.6mm, the range of movement of the support member along the width direction of the end cover assembly is small, and the adaptive ability is poor. If D2>4mm, the support member has a larger range of movement along the width direction of the end cover assembly. When the battery cell is vibrated, the support member is prone to shaking significantly, which may cause damage to the tabs.
  • the end cover assembly includes an end cover and an insulating member.
  • the insulating member is located on the side of the end cover facing the main body.
  • the insulating member is used for insulation.
  • the electrode assembly and the end cover are isolated; the hooking part is hooked and matched with the insulating piece.
  • the end cover is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and along the thickness direction of the end cover assembly, the insulating member is formed with a protrusion in the direction facing the electrode assembly.
  • a first protrusion, a first avoidance space for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism is formed in the first protrusion, a second recess is provided on the side of the support member facing the insulating member, and the first The protrusion is at least partially received in the second recess.
  • the first protrusion is at least partially accommodated in the second recess, and the first protrusion cooperates with the second recess to limit the position of the support member. , to prevent the support from moving within the housing.
  • the support member is movable relative to the insulating member.
  • the gap enables the support member to move relative to the insulating member, thereby realizing the support member following the tab.
  • Adaptive movement of shapes For example, when one side of the tab is welded to the electrode terminal, that side tab or the other side tab can push the support member to move relative to the insulating member and adjust the position of the support member, so that the support member will not always act In the pole lug, it is not easy to cause the pole lug to be damaged due to stress concentration.
  • the maximum gap between the side wall surface of the second recess and the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion is D3, which satisfies: 0.4 ⁇ D3 ⁇ 4mm.
  • the support member has sufficient space for movement to ensure its adaptive needs.
  • the range of movement is relatively stable, and the positions of the support and insulating parts are relatively stable and are not prone to large shaking. If D2 ⁇ 0.4mm, the support has a smaller range of movement and poor adaptive capability. If D2>4mm, the support has a large range of movement. When the battery cell is vibrated, the support is prone to shake significantly, which may cause damage to the tabs.
  • a second protrusion protruding in a direction facing the electrode assembly is formed on the first protrusion, and the second protrusion
  • a second escape space for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism is formed inside, the second escape space is connected with the first escape space, and the second protrusion is against the bottom wall surface of the second recess.
  • the second avoidance space is connected with the first avoidance space.
  • the space is connected, so that the insulating part has a large space for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism, which facilitates the pressure relief mechanism to release pressure and is conducive to improving the safety of the battery cells.
  • the second protrusion abuts against the bottom wall of the second recess, which also limits the movement of the support member in the direction from the main body toward the end cap assembly, preventing the support body from moving and causing damage to the electrode assembly.
  • the distance between the surface of the end cover assembly facing the main body and the second surface is H, which satisfies :H ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the surface of the end cap assembly facing the main body is flush with the second surface.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, comprising a box body and the above-mentioned battery cell, wherein the battery cell is accommodated in the box body.
  • the end cover assembly is provided on a side of the battery cell close to the bottom wall of the box.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide an electrical device, where the electrical device includes the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic top view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view at position A-A in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view at position B-B in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic front structural view of a support provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the back of the support provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic front view of a support provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic bottom view of the connection of end caps, insulators and supports provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic top view of a battery cell provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the D-D position in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged view of position C in Figure 6.
  • Icon 10-box; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-end cover assembly; 211-end cover; 212-liquid injection hole; 213-electrode terminal; 214-pressure relief Mechanism; 215-insulation member; 2151-first protrusion; 2152-first recess; 2153-second protrusion; 2154-first avoidance space; 2155-second avoidance space; 22-electrode assembly; 221-main body part ; 222-pole lug; 23-casing; 24-support; 241-support body; 2411-first surface; 2412-second surface; 2413-body part; 24131-first through hole; 24132-first concave Groove; 24133-reinforcement part; 24134-second concave part; 24135-pressure relief hole; 2414-protruding part; 24141-main protruding part; 24142-side protruding part; 2415-accommodating space; 242-hanging buckle part; 243- The first blocking member
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the cathode current collector without coating the cathode active material layer serves as the positron tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative sub-tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive sub-lugs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative sub-lugs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • Batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. As battery application fields continue to expand, its market demand is also expanding.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly is a component in the battery cell that undergoes electrochemical reactions.
  • the electrode assembly is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and usually there is an isolation film between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without active material respectively constitute sub-lugs.
  • the number of sub-lugs is Multiple and stacked together to form pole ears.
  • the tabs are located below the main body, and the tabs will be affected by the gravity of the main body.
  • the tabs are formed by stacking multiple sub-tabs, they are prone to bifurcation when affected by gravity.
  • the bifurcated parts are easily inserted into the main body and come into contact with the positive or negative electrode tabs in the main body, causing a short circuit and serious consequences. It may cause fire or even explosion, resulting in poor safety of battery cells.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell with a support member disposed between the end cover assembly and the main body of the battery cell.
  • the support member can support the electrode assembly. This makes it difficult for the gravity of the main body of the electrode assembly to be transferred to the tabs, making it difficult for the tabs to bifurcate and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cells.
  • the support body is connected to the end cover assembly through the hook portion, so that the support member will not move up and down in the housing and will not hit the electrode assembly and cause damage to the electrode assembly.
  • Providing the hook portion between the first surface and the second surface reduces the volume occupied in the thickness direction of the end cover assembly, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the hooking part does not extend beyond the first surface or the second surface, and during the production process, the hooking part is not easily broken by external force.
  • stacking materials multiple support members are stacked and the hooking portion does not exceed the first surface or the second surface, so that the first surface of one support member can fit against the second surface of another support member. In this way, The contact area of the two supports is larger, which is beneficial to stable stacking.
  • the hooking part when the hooking part is arranged between the first surface and the second surface, compared with the hooking part extending beyond the first surface or the second surface, it is less likely to hook between two adjacent supports when stacking materials. Hanging, when taking one support part, the other support part will not be pulled, which is conducive to improving production safety and production efficiency.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal Cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application impose no special restrictions on the above electrical equipment.
  • the electric equipment is the vehicle 1000 as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 , and the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide an accommodation space for the battery cells 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a space for accommodating the battery cells 20 of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 is covered with the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box 10 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be multiple battery cells 20
  • the battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery cell or a primary battery cell; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view at position A-A in Figure 5 .
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view at position B-B in Figure 6 .
  • Figure 8 is a schematic front structural view of the support member 24 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the back of the support 24 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes a case 23 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cover assembly 21 and a support 24 .
  • the housing 23 has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a main body 221 and tabs 222 protruding from the main body 221 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 23 .
  • End cap assembly 21 closes the opening.
  • the support member 24 is located between the end cap assembly 21 and the main body portion 221 .
  • the support member 24 includes a support body 241 and a hook portion 242.
  • the support body 241 has a first surface 2411 facing the end cover assembly 21 and a second surface 2412 away from the end cover assembly 21.
  • the hooking portion 242 is provided on the support body 241 , and the hooking portion 242 is hooked and matched with the end cover assembly 21 .
  • the hook portion 242 is located between the first surface 2411 and the second surface 2412.
  • the end cover assembly 21 includes an end cover 211.
  • the end cover 211 refers to a component that covers the opening of the housing 23 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 211 may be adapted to the shape of the housing 23 to fit the housing 23 .
  • the end cap 211 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cap 211 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 20 can have higher durability. Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap 211 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the end cap assembly 21 further includes an electrode terminal 213 disposed on the end cap 211 .
  • the electrode terminal 213 may be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 22 for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 also includes a pressure relief mechanism 214.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 214 is provided on the end cover 211.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 214 is used to open to release when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches the detonation pressure. The internal pressure of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cap assembly 21 further includes an insulator 215 disposed inside the end cap 211 .
  • the insulator 215 can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 23 from the end cap 211 to reduce short circuits. risks of.
  • the insulating member 215 may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
  • the housing 23 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 211 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 , the electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 23 and the end cover 211 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 23.
  • the end cover 211 covers the opening at the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cover 211 and the housing 23 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover 211 and the housing 23 can form a common joint surface before other components are put into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the inside of the housing 23 When, the end cover 211 is closed with the housing 23 again.
  • the housing 23 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 23 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the housing 23 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 22 may be contained within the housing 23 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and an isolation film is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body portion 221 of the electrode assembly 22 , and the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material each constitute sub-lugs. In order to ensure that large currents can pass through without melting, the number of sub-lugs is multiple and they are stacked together to form the tabs 222 .
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may be located together at one end of the main body part 221 or respectively located at both ends of the main body part 221 .
  • the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs 222 are connected to the electrode terminals 213 to form a current loop.
  • the tabs 222 protrude from the main body 221 to facilitate connection with the electrode terminals 213 to output electric energy from the battery cells 20 or to input electric energy into the battery cells 20 .
  • the support member 24 is located in the housing 23 and between the end cover assembly 21 and the main body portion 221 . It should be noted that a recess may be formed on the side of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body part 221 , and the support member 24 may be partially or completely accommodated in the recess.
  • the support member 24 is also located between the end cap assembly 21 and the main body part 221 . In the scenario where the battery core is inverted, the support member 24 can support the main body 221 so that the gravity of the main body 221 is not easily transferred to the tabs 222 .
  • the support body 241 is the part of the support member 24 that mainly supports the main body 221 when the battery core is inverted, and is the main part of the support member 24 .
  • the support body 241 has a first surface 2411 and a second surface 2412 that are oppositely arranged, wherein the first surface 2411 faces the end cap assembly 21 and the second surface 2412 faces away from the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the thickness direction of the end cap assembly 21 is the same as the thickness direction of the support member 24 . As shown in FIGS. 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 , the thickness direction of the end cap assembly 21 may be the Z direction in the figures.
  • the hooking portion 242 is a portion of the support member 24 that is hooked and matched with the end cover assembly 21 .
  • the hook portion 242 is connected to the support body 241 .
  • the hook portion 242 may be formed with a hook-like structure. In this way, the hook portion 242 can be hooked with the end cover assembly 21 to realize the hook fit between the hook portion 242 and the end cover assembly 21 .
  • the hook part 242 does not exceed the first surface 2411. In the direction in which the end cover assembly 21 points to the main body part 221, the hook part 242 does not exceed the first surface 2411.
  • a support member 24 is provided between the end cap assembly 21 and the main body 221 of the battery cell 20.
  • the support member 241 can support the electrode assembly 22, so that the gravity of the main body 221 of the electrode assembly 22 is not easily transmitted to the tab 222, and the tab 222 is not easily forked and inserted, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the support member 241 is connected to the end cap assembly 21 through the hook portion 242, so that the support member 24 will not move up and down in the shell 23, and will not hit the electrode assembly 22 to cause damage to the electrode assembly 22.
  • the hook portion 242 is arranged between the first surface 2411 and the second surface 2412, which reduces the volume occupied in the thickness direction of the end cap assembly 21, and is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20. Furthermore, the hook portion 242 does not exceed the first surface 2411 or the second surface 2412, and the hook portion 242 is not easily broken by external force during the production process. When stacking materials, multiple support members 24 are stacked, and the hook portion 242 does not exceed the first surface 2411 or the second surface 2412, so that the first surface 2411 of one support member 24 can be attached to the second surface 2412 of another support member 24, so that the contact area of the two support members 24 is larger, which is conducive to stable stacking.
  • the second surface 2412 abuts the main body portion 221 .
  • the second surface 2412 abuts the main body part 221 means that the second surface 2412 abuts the surface of the main body part 221 facing the support body 241 .
  • the second surface 2412 may only be in contact with the surface of the main body 221 facing the support 241 , or may be in contact with the surface of the main body 221 facing the support 241 and exert a force.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is less likely to be damaged, which is beneficial to extending the life of the battery cell 20 .
  • the tab 222 is bent around the support body 241 .
  • One side of the main body 221 Please refer to FIGS. 6 and 7 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an adapter 25 .
  • the adapter 25 connects the portion of the lug 222 located on the side of the support 241 away from the main body 221 and the electrode terminal 213 , to electrically connect the tab 222 with the electrode terminal 213.
  • the pole tabs 222 are bent around the support body 241.
  • the positive pole tabs may be bent around the support body 241, or the negative pole tabs may be bent around the support body 241. It is also possible that both the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are bent around the support body 241 .
  • the pole tab 222 is bent around the support body 241, and the pole tab 222 may or may not be in contact with the end of the support body 241.
  • the support body 241 includes a body portion 2413 and a protruding portion 2414, and the tabs 222 are bent around the body portion 2413.
  • the protruding portion 2414 protrudes from a side of the body portion 2413 away from the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the surface of the protruding portion 2414 facing away from the end cap assembly 21 is the second surface 2412, and the surface of the body portion 2413 facing the end cap assembly 21 is the first surface 2411.
  • the body part 2413 may be a plate-like structure, so that the tab 222 can be bent around the body part 2413.
  • the protruding portion 2414 is a protruding structure protruding from the side of the body portion 2413 away from the end cover assembly 21.
  • the protruding portion 2414 can have any shape, for example, long strip, annular shape, wavy shape, etc. This application does not limit this.
  • the first surface 2411 is the surface of the main body part 2413 facing the end cover assembly 21 , that is, the surface of the main body part 2413 facing away from the main body part 221 .
  • the second surface 2412 is the surface of the protruding portion 2414 facing away from the end cover assembly 21 and is also the surface of the protruding portion 2414 facing the main body portion 221 .
  • the protruding portion 2414 By forming the protruding portion 2414 on the main body portion 2413 toward the main body portion 221 so that the protruding portion 2414 abuts the main body portion 221, the protruding portion 2414 can strengthen the strength of the supporting body 241 and improve the supporting capacity of the supporting body 241. , and at the same time, the thickness of the body part 2413 is thin, which facilitates the bending of the tab 222 around the body part 2413.
  • the protruding portion 2414 includes a main protruding portion 24141 and a side protruding portion 24142.
  • the main protruding portion 24141 is provided with a plurality of side protruding portions 24142 along at least one side in the width direction of the end cap assembly 21 .
  • a plurality of side protrusions 24142 are arranged at intervals.
  • An accommodating space 2415 for accommodating the tab 222 is formed between two adjacent side protrusions 24142 .
  • the width direction of the end cap assembly 21 is the same as the width direction of the support member 24. As shown in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9, the width direction of the end cap assembly 21 may be the X direction in the figure. .
  • the length direction of the end cap assembly 21 is the same as the length direction of the support member 24. As shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9, the length direction of the end cap assembly 21 may be the Y direction in the figure.
  • the main protrusion 24141 is a portion of the protrusion 2414 extending along the length direction of the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the side protrusion 24142 is provided on at least one side of the main protrusion 24141 along the width direction of the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the protruding portion 2414 includes a plurality of side protrusions 24142 , and the plurality of side protrusions 24142 are spaced apart along the length direction of the end cap assembly 21 .
  • An accommodating space 2415 is formed between two adjacent side protrusions 24142, and the accommodating space 2415 is used to accommodate the tab 222. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , the main protruding portion 24141 and the two side protruding portions 24142 together form the above-mentioned accommodation space 2415.
  • An accommodating space 2415 for accommodating the pole tab 222 is formed between the two adjacent side protrusions 24142, so that the pole tab 222 is not likely to interfere with the support member 24, and can be smoothly bent around the body portion 2413, so that the pole tab 222 is not easily damaged. damage.
  • the main convex portion 24141 and the side convex portion 24142 can protect the tab 222 and reduce the possibility of the tab 222 being damaged due to contact with other components, which is beneficial to improving the safety and life of the battery cell 20 .
  • a first groove 24132 is provided on a side of the body portion 2413 facing the end cap assembly 21 , and the position of the first groove 24132 corresponds to the position of the main protrusion 24141 .
  • a reinforcing portion 24133 is provided in the first groove 24132, and the reinforcing portion 24133 is connected to the bottom wall and side wall of the first groove 24132 to enhance the structural strength of the supporting member 24 and ensure the support of the supporting member 24. ability.
  • the end cap assembly 21 is provided with a liquid injection hole 212
  • the support body 241 is provided with a first through hole 24131.
  • the first through hole 24131 is positioned correspondingly to the liquid injection hole 212.
  • the injection hole 212 is a through hole for injection provided in the end cover assembly 21, for example, the injection hole 212 can be provided in the end cover 211.
  • the first through hole 24131 is a through hole for injection provided in the support body 241.
  • the injection hole 212 and the first through hole 24131 are coaxially provided.
  • Liquid injection is facilitated by providing the liquid injection hole 212 and the first through hole 24131.
  • the first through hole 24131 is disposed offset from the center of the support body 241 .
  • the first through hole 24131 is arranged offset from the center position of the support body 241” means that the first through hole 24131 is not at the center position of the support body 241.
  • the first through hole 24131 By arranging the first through hole 24131 away from the center of the support body 241, when the support member 24 is installed on the end cover assembly 21, the first through hole 24131 can play a foolproof role and reduce the risk of installation errors to a certain extent. .
  • At least one side protrusion 24142 is provided with a hook portion 242.
  • At least one side protrusion 24142 is provided with the hook portion 242 includes one side protrusion 24142 is provided with the hook portion 242, two side protrusions 24142 are provided with the hook portion 242, and more than two side protrusions 24142 are provided with the hook portion 242. Hooking part 242.
  • the height of the side protrusion 24142 protruding from the body portion 2413 is cleverly utilized, so that the hook portion 242 can be hidden between the first surface 2411 and the second surface 2412. , reducing the space occupied by the support member 24 along the thickness direction of the end cover 211, which is beneficial to increasing the energy density.
  • the main protrusion 24141 has opposite first and second ends, and the first end and/or the second end are provided with side protrusions 24142.
  • the side convex portion 24142 located at the first end and/or the second end is provided with a hook portion 242 .
  • the first end and the second end are both ends of the main protrusion 24141 in the length direction of the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the first end and/or the second end is provided with side protrusions 24142 includes that the first end is provided with side protrusions 24142, the second end is provided with side protrusions 24142, and both the first end and the second end are provided with side protrusions. Ministry 24142 these three options.
  • the hook portion 242 can be provided on the side protruding portion 24142 located at the first end, can also be provided on the side protruding portion 24142 located at the second end, or can be provided on both the side protruding portions 24142 located at the first end and the second end. .
  • the hooking portion 242 is provided on the side protrusion 24142 located at the first end and/or the second end to facilitate the hooking and matching of the hooking portion 242 and the end cover assembly 21 during assembly.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic front view of the support member 24 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the side protrusion 24142 located at the first end is a first protrusion
  • the side protrusion 24142 located at the second end is a second protrusion.
  • a first blocking member 243 is also provided at the first end. Along the direction of the second end pointing toward the first end, the first blocking member 243 exceeds the hooking portion 242 provided on the first protruding portion.
  • the second end is further provided with a second blocking member, along the direction from the first end to the second end, the second blocking member exceeds the hooking portion 242 of the second protruding portion.
  • the first convex portion specifically refers to the side convex portion 24142 provided at the first end.
  • the second convex portion specifically refers to the side convex portion 24142 provided at the second end.
  • the first stopper 243 is a protruding structure provided at the first end. Along the direction from the second end to the first end, the first stopper 243 exceeds the hook portion 242 provided at the first protrusion.
  • the first stopper 243 may be a plate-shaped structure, and the first stopper 243 starts from the first end, extends along the direction from the second end to the first end, and exceeds the hook portion 242 provided at the first protrusion.
  • the second blocking member is a protruding structure provided at the second end. Along the direction from the first end to the second end, the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion 242 provided on the second protrusion.
  • the second blocking member may have a plate-like structure. The second blocking member starts from the second end, extends in a direction from the first end to the second end, and exceeds the hook portion 242 provided on the second protruding portion.
  • the first blocking member 243 exceeds the hook portion 242 provided on the first protrusion in the direction in which the second end points to the first end, and in the direction in which the second end points to the first end.
  • the first blocking member 243 is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion 242 can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion 242 can be reduced.
  • the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion 242 provided on the second protrusion in the direction from the first end to the second end, and in the direction from the first end to the second end.
  • the second blocking member is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion 242 can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion 242 can be reduced.
  • a resisting portion 244 is provided on the first blocking member 243 and/or the second blocking member. Along the thickness direction, the resisting portion 244 resists the end cover assembly 21 .
  • the resisting portion 244 may be a protruding structure protruding from the first blocking member 243 or the second blocking member along the thickness direction.
  • the resisting portion 244 may be provided only on the first blocking member 243 , or may be provided only on the second blocking member, or may be provided on both the first blocking member 243 and the second blocking member. Wherein, along the thickness direction, the side of the resisting portion 244 away from the first blocking member 243 or the second blocking member is in contact with the side of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body portion 221.
  • the support body 241 By providing the resisting portion 244 to resist the end cover assembly 21 along the thickness direction, the support body 241 cannot move in the direction in which the main body portion 221 points to the end cover assembly 21, thereby better limiting the position of the support body 241 and preventing support. The body 241 moves, causing the electrode assembly 22 to be damaged.
  • the main convex portion 24141 is provided with a plurality of side convex portions 24142 on both sides in the width direction.
  • part of the side protrusions 24142 is located on one side of the main body part 221 along the width direction, and another part of the side protrusions 24142 is located on the other side of the main body part 221 along the width direction, so that the main body part 221 is located along the width direction.
  • a plurality of side protrusions 24142 are provided on both sides.
  • a plurality of accommodation spaces 2415 for accommodating the pole tabs 222 are formed to facilitate the pole tabs 222 to wrap around from both sides of the main protrusion 24141 in the width direction.
  • the body part 2413 is bent.
  • At least one end of the support body 241 is provided with a hook portion 242 along the length direction of the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the support body 241 has an opposite first end and a second end, and a hook portion 242 is provided on at least one of the first end and the second end.
  • hook portion 242 By providing the hook portion 242 on at least one end of the support body 241 along the length direction of the end cover assembly 21, it is convenient to hook the hook portion 242 with the end cover assembly 21 during assembly.
  • the support body 241 has opposite first and second ends, and the first and second ends are provided with hook portions 242 .
  • a first blocking member 243 is also provided at the first end. Along the direction of the second end pointing toward the first end, the first blocking member 243 exceeds the hook portion 242 provided at the first end.
  • the second end is further provided with a second blocking member, along the direction of the first end pointing toward the second end, and the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion 242 provided at the second end.
  • the first blocking member 243 exceeds the hook portion 242 provided on the first protrusion in the direction in which the second end points to the first end, and in the direction in which the second end points to the first end.
  • the first blocking member 243 is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion 242 can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion 242 can be reduced.
  • the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion 242 provided on the second protrusion in the direction from the first end to the second end, and in the direction from the first end to the second end.
  • the second blocking member is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion 242 can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion 242 can be reduced.
  • a first recess 2152 is provided on a side of the end cap assembly 21 facing the electrode assembly 22, and the support member 24 is at least partially received in the first recess 2152.
  • the end cap assembly 21 includes an end cap 211 and an insulator 215 .
  • the end cap 211 is used to close the opening of the housing 23
  • the insulator 215 is used to insulate and isolate the end cap 211 and the electrode assembly 22 .
  • a second groove is formed on the side of the end cap 211 facing the electrode assembly 22, and the insulating member 215 is at least partially accommodated in the second groove.
  • a first recess 2152 is formed on a side of the insulating member 215 facing the electrode assembly 22, and the support member 24 is at least partially received in the first recess 2152.
  • a protrusion is formed on the side of the end cap 211 away from the electrode assembly 22, and the position of the protrusion corresponds to the position of the groove.
  • a protrusion is formed on a side of the insulating member 215 away from the electrode assembly 22 at a position corresponding to the second groove.
  • the protrusion is partially accommodated in the second groove, and a first recess 2152 is formed inside the protrusion.
  • first recess 2152 By forming the first recess 2152 on the side of the end cap assembly 21 facing the electrode assembly 22 and allowing the support member 24 to be at least partially accommodated in the first recess 2152, it is beneficial to increase the energy density.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic bottom view of the connection between the end cap 211, the insulator 215 and the support 24 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first groove 24132 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 may mean that the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first groove 24132 is in contact with the side wall of the first recess 2152 along the length direction. There is a gap between the walls to allow the support 24 to move lengthwise relative to the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the part of the support member 24 accommodated in the first groove 24132 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 may also be a gap between the part of the support member 24 accommodated in the first groove 24132 and the first recess 2152 in the width direction. There is a gap between the side wall surfaces to allow the support member 24 to move in the width direction relative to the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the gap enables the support member 24 to move relative to the end cover assembly 21 , thereby enabling the support member 24 to follow the pole lug 222 Adaptive movement of shapes.
  • the tab 222 on one side is welded to the electrode terminal 213, the tab 222 on one side or the tab 222 on the other side can push the support member 24 to move in the first recess 2152 relative to the end cap assembly 21, and adjust The position of the support member 24 prevents the support member 24 from always acting on the pole tab 222 and will not easily cause the pole tab 222 to be damaged due to stress concentration.
  • the support member 24 is completely received in the first recess 2152.
  • Completely accommodating the support member 24 in the first recess 2152 is beneficial to reducing the occupation of the internal space of the battery cell 20 by the support member 24 and improving the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 is consistent with the first recess.
  • the maximum gap on the side wall of 2152 is D1, which satisfies: 0.2mm ⁇ D1 ⁇ 4mm.
  • D1 represents the maximum gap between the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 along the length direction. Since the support member 24 can adaptively move relative to the electrode assembly 22, the distances between the two ends of the support member 24 and the corresponding side wall surfaces may be different along the length direction. Taking the one shown in FIG. 11 as an example, the gap between the left side of the support member 24 and the left side wall of the first recess 2152 may be N1, and the distance between the right side of the support member 24 and the right side wall of the first recess 2152 It may be N2, N1 can be greater than N2, or equal to N2, or less than N2.
  • the maximum gap between the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 along the length direction of the end cap assembly 21 refers to the larger one of N1 and N2.
  • the maximum gap between the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 along the length direction of the end cover assembly 21 in the range of 0.2 to 4 mm, it is possible to ensure that the support member 24 has sufficient space for movement.
  • the movement range required for self-adaptation is ensured, and at the same time, the positions of the support member 24 and the end cover assembly 21 are relatively stable and are not prone to large shaking. If D1 ⁇ 0.2mm, the movable range of the support member 24 along the length direction of the end cover assembly 21 is small, and the adaptive capability is poor. If D1>4mm, the range of movement of the support member 24 along the length direction of the end cover assembly 21 is relatively large. When the battery cell 20 is vibrated, the support member 24 is prone to shake significantly, which may cause damage to the tabs 222.
  • the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 is consistent with the first recess 2152 .
  • the maximum gap on the side wall of 2152 is D2, which satisfies: 0.6mm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 4mm.
  • D2 represents the maximum gap between the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 along the width direction. Since the support member 24 can adaptively move relative to the electrode assembly 22, the distances between the two ends of the support member 24 and the corresponding side wall surfaces may be different along the width direction. Taking the example shown in FIG. 11 as an example, the gap between the upper side of the support member 24 and the upper side wall of the first recess 2152 may be N3, and the distance between the lower side of the support member 24 and the lower side wall of the first recess 2152 is N3. It may be N4, N3 can be greater than N4, or equal to N4, or less than N4.
  • the maximum gap between the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 along the width direction of the end cap assembly 21 refers to the larger one of N3 and N4.
  • the maximum gap between the portion of the support member 24 accommodated in the first recess 2152 and the side wall surface of the first recess 2152 along the width direction of the end cap assembly 21 in the range of 0.6 to 4 mm, it is possible to ensure that the support member 24 has sufficient space for movement.
  • the movement range required for self-adaptation is ensured, and at the same time, the positions of the support member 24 and the end cover assembly 21 are relatively stable and are not prone to large shaking. If D2 ⁇ 0.6mm, the movable range of the support member 24 along the width direction of the end cover assembly 21 is small, and the adaptive capability is poor. If D2>4mm, the range of movement of the support member 24 along the width direction of the end cover assembly 21 is relatively large. When the battery cell 20 is vibrated, the support member 24 is prone to shake significantly, which may cause damage to the tab 222.
  • the end cap assembly 21 includes an end cap 211 and an insulating member 215 .
  • the insulating member 215 is located on a side of the end cap 211 facing the main body 221 .
  • the insulating member 215 is used to insulate the isolation electrode assembly 22 and the end cap 211 .
  • the hooking portion 242 is hooked and matched with the insulating member 215 .
  • the insulating member 215 is lower in price and easier to manufacture, which is conducive to reducing production costs. cost.
  • snap-fitting the support member 24 and the insulating member 215 is less likely to cause new problems (such as sealing and insulation problems of the end cover 211) than connecting the support member 24 to the end cover 211.
  • the end cap 211 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 214 .
  • a first protrusion 2151 protruding in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 is formed on the insulating member 215.
  • a first avoidance space for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism 214 is formed in the first protrusion 2151. 2154.
  • a second recess 24134 is provided on the side of the support member 24 facing the insulating member 215, and the first protrusion 2151 is at least partially accommodated in the second recess 24134.
  • the first protrusion 2151 is a protruding structure on the insulator 215 .
  • the first protrusion 2151 protrudes in a direction toward the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the position of the first protrusion 2151 corresponds to the position of the pressure relief mechanism 214 .
  • the first protrusion 2151 may be partially accommodated in the second recess 24134, or may be completely accommodated in the second recess 24134.
  • a first avoidance space 2154 is formed on the side of the first protrusion 2151 away from the electrode assembly 22.
  • the first avoidance space 2154 is used to avoid the pressure relief mechanism 214 to facilitate pressure relief by the pressure relief mechanism 214.
  • the second recess 24134 is a groove structure provided on the support member 24 .
  • the position of the second recess 24134 corresponds to the position of the first protrusion 2151 and corresponds to the position of the pressure relief mechanism 214 .
  • the bottom wall of the second recess 24134 is provided with a pressure relief hole 24135 that penetrates the support member 24 along the thickness direction to allow the gas inside the housing 23 to pass through the pressure relief hole 24135 and be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 214 to achieve pressure relief.
  • the first protrusion 2151 is at least partially accommodated in the second recess 24134.
  • the first protrusion 2151 cooperates with the second recess 24134 to limit the position of the support member 24. function to prevent the support member 24 from moving within the housing 23 .
  • the gap enables the support member 24 to move relative to the insulating member 215, thereby enabling the support member 24 to follow the pole lug.
  • Adaptive movement of 222 shapes For example, when the tab 222 on one side is welded to the electrode terminal 213, the tab 222 on one side or the tab 222 on the other side can push the support member 24 to move relative to the insulating member 215, thereby adjusting the position of the support member 24.
  • the support member 24 will not always act on the pole tab 222, and the pole tab 222 will not be easily damaged due to stress concentration.
  • the maximum gap between the side wall surface of the second recess 24134 and the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion 2151 is D3, which satisfies: 0.4 ⁇ D3 ⁇ 4mm.
  • D3 represents the maximum gap between the side wall surface of the second recess 24134 and the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion 2151 . Since the support member 24 can adaptively move relative to the electrode assembly 22, the gap between the side wall surface of the second recess 24134 and the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion 2151 may be different at different positions. "The maximum gap between the side wall surface of the second recess 24134 and the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion 2151" means that the gap at this position is greater than or equal to the gap at any other position.
  • the support member 24 By setting the maximum gap between the side wall surface of the second recess 24134 and the outer circumferential surface of the first protrusion 2151 in the range of 0.4 to 4 mm, it is possible to ensure that the support member 24 has sufficient space for movement and ensures its required movement range for self-adaptation. , and at the same time, the positions of the supporting member 24 and the insulating member 215 are relatively stable and are not prone to significant shaking. If D2 ⁇ 0.4mm, the movable range of the support member 24 is small and the adaptive ability is poor. If D2>4mm, the range of movement of the support member 24 is relatively large. When the battery cell 20 is vibrated, the support member 24 is likely to shake significantly, which may cause damage to the tab 222.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic top view of a battery cell 20 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view at position D-D in Figure 13 .
  • a second protrusion 2153 protruding in a direction facing the electrode assembly 22 is formed on the first protrusion 2151
  • a third protrusion 2153 for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism 214 is formed in the second protrusion 2153 .
  • Avoidance space 2155 The second escape space 2155 is connected with the first escape space 2154, and the second protrusion 2153 is against the bottom wall of the second recess 24134.
  • the second protrusion 2153 is a protruding structure on the first protrusion 2151.
  • the second protrusion 2153 protrudes in the direction toward the electrode assembly 22.
  • the position of the second protrusion 2153 corresponds to the position of the pressure relief mechanism 214.
  • a second escape space 2155 is formed on the side of the second protrusion 2153 away from the electrode assembly 22.
  • the second escape space 2155 is connected with the first escape space 2154 for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism 214 to facilitate the release of the pressure relief mechanism 214. pressure.
  • the second protrusion 2153 abuts the bottom wall of the second recess 24134 means that the surface of the second protrusion 2153 facing the electrode assembly 22 is in contact with the bottom wall of the second recess 24134, and there may be a force between them. It may or may not have the effect of force.
  • the second escape space 2155 is connected with the first escape space.
  • the spaces 2154 are connected, so that the insulating member 215 has a larger space for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism 214, which facilitates the pressure relief of the pressure relief mechanism 214 and helps improve the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the second protrusion 2153 abuts the bottom wall surface of the second recess 24134, which also limits the movement of the support member 24 in the direction from the main body 221 to the end cap assembly 21, preventing the support body 241 from moving and causing the electrode assembly to 22 damaged.
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged view of position C in Figure 6.
  • H the distance between the surface of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body 221 and the second surface 2412 is H, which satisfies: H ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • H refers to the distance between the surface of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body 221 and the second surface 2412 .
  • the surface of the end cover assembly 21 facing the main body 221 may be beyond the second surface 2412 , or may be parallel to the second surface 2412 along the direction in which the end cover assembly 21 points to the main body 221 .
  • the second surface 2412 may exceed the surface of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body 221 along the direction in which the end cap assembly 21 points toward the main body 221 .
  • the distance between the surface of the end cover assembly 21 facing the main body 221 and the second surface 2412 along the thickness direction of the end cover assembly 21 is beneficial to make full use of the internal space of the casing 23 and improve battery cell performance.
  • the energy density of body 20 If H>0.5mm, it means that along the direction in which the main body 221 points to the end cover assembly 21, the surface of the end cover assembly 21 facing the main body 221 exceeds the second surface 2412 by a larger distance, or the second surface 2412 exceeds the second surface 2412.
  • the distance between the surface of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body portion 221 is relatively large, resulting in a large amount of wasted space in the housing 23 , which is not conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the surface of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body portion 221 is flush with the second surface 2412 .
  • the surface of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body 221 is flush with the second surface 2412" can also be understood to mean that along the thickness direction, the distance from the surface of the end cap assembly 21 facing the main body 221 to the main body 221 is the first distance, the distance from the second surface 2412 to the main body 221 is the second distance, and the first distance and the second distance are equal.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 100.
  • the battery 100 includes a box 10 and the above-mentioned battery cells 20.
  • the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box 10.
  • the end cap assembly 21 is disposed on a side of the battery cell 20 close to the bottom wall of the box 10 .
  • the bottom wall of the box 10 is the wall surface of the box 10 opposite to the open end of the box 10 .
  • the battery cell 20 is placed upside down in the box 10 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device.
  • the electrical device includes the above-mentioned battery 100, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes a case 23 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cover assembly 21 and a support 24 .
  • the housing 23 has an opening.
  • the housing 23 has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a main body 221 and tabs 222 protruding from the main body 221 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 23 .
  • End cap assembly 21 closes the opening.
  • the support 24 is located within the housing 23 .
  • the support member 24 includes a support body 241 and a hook portion 242.
  • the tabs 222 are bent around the support body 241.
  • the support body 241 has a first surface 2411 facing the end cap assembly 21 and a second surface 2412 facing away from the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the second surface 2412 abuts against the main body 221 .
  • the hooking portion 242 is provided on the support body 241 , and the hooking portion 242 is hooked and matched with the end cover assembly 21 .
  • the hook portion 242 is located between the first surface 2411 and the second surface 2412.
  • a support 24 is provided between the end cover assembly 21 and the main body 221 of the battery cell 20.
  • the support 241 can support the electrode assembly 22, so that the main body of the electrode assembly 22
  • the gravity of 221 is not easily transferred to the tabs 222, and the tabs 222 are not easily bifurcated and inserted, which improves the safety of the battery cells 20.
  • the support body 241 is connected to the end cover assembly 21 through the hook portion 242 so that the support member 24 does not move up and down in the housing 23 and does not hit the electrode assembly 22 and cause damage to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the hooking portion 242 between the first surface 2411 and the second surface 2412 reduces the volume occupied by the end cover assembly 21 in the thickness direction, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20 . Furthermore, the hooking portion 242 does not extend beyond the first surface 2411 or the second surface 2412. During the production process, the hooking portion 242 is not easily broken by external force. When stacking materials, the plurality of support members 24 are stacked, and the hook portion 242 does not exceed the first surface 2411 or the second surface 2412, so that the first surface 2411 of one support member 24 can fit against the other support member 24 The second surface 2412, in this way, the contact area of the two supports 24 is larger, which is beneficial to stabilizing the stacking of materials.
  • the hooking part 242 is provided between the first surface 2411 and the second surface 2412. Compared with the hooking part 242 extending beyond the first surface 2411 or the second surface 2412, when stacking materials, two adjacent ones The support members 24 are not easy to hook each other, and when one support member 24 is taken, the other support member 24 will not be pulled, which is beneficial to improving production safety and production efficiency.
  • the support body 241 has opposite first and second ends, and the first and second ends are provided with hook portions 242 .
  • a first blocking member 243 is also provided at the first end.
  • the first blocking member 243 exceeds the hook portion 242 provided at the first end.
  • a second blocking member is also provided at the second end, along the direction from the first end to the second end, and the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion 242 provided at the second end.
  • the first blocking member 243 is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion 242 can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion 242 can be reduced. .
  • the second blocking member exceeds the hook portion 242 provided on the second protrusion in the direction from the first end to the second end, and in the direction from the first end to the second end.
  • the second blocking member is likely to collide with other components first. In this way, the possibility of collision with the hook portion 242 can be reduced to a certain extent, and the possibility of damage to the hook portion 242 can be reduced.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，涉及电池领域。电池单体包括壳体、电极组件、端盖组件和支撑件。壳体具有开口。电极组件具有主体部和凸出于主体部的极耳，电极组件容纳于壳体内。端盖组件封闭开口。支撑件位于端盖组件和主体部之间。支撑件包括支撑体和挂扣部，沿端盖组件的厚度方向，支撑体具有面向端盖组件的第一表面和背离端盖组件的第二表面。挂扣部设置于支撑体，挂扣部与端盖组件挂扣配合。挂扣部位于第一表面和第二表面之间。该电池单体的端盖组件和主体部之间设置有支撑件，能够保护极耳，使极耳不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。并且，支撑件对端盖组件厚度方向上的体积的占用较小，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池在新能源领域应用甚广，例如电动汽车、新能源汽车等，新能源汽车、电动汽车已经成为汽车产业的发展新趋势。电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。然而，在电芯倒置的场景下，电池单体安全性较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，其旨在改善相关技术中在电芯倒置的场景下，电池单体安全性较差的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，所述电池单体包括壳体、电极组件、端盖组件和支撑件，所述壳体具有开口；所述电极组件具有主体部和凸出于所述主体部的极耳，所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；所述端盖组件封闭所述开口；所述支撑件位于所述端盖组件和所述主体部之间，所述支撑件包括支撑体和挂扣部，沿所述端盖组件的厚度方向，所述支撑体具有面向所述端盖组件的第一表面和背离所述端盖组件的第二表面，所述挂扣部设置于所述支撑体，所述挂扣部与所述端盖组件挂扣配合，所述挂扣部位于所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间。
在上述技术方案中，该电池单体的端盖组件和主体部之间设置有支撑件，在电芯倒置的场景下，支撑体能对电极组件起到支撑作用，使得电极组件的主体部的重力不易传递给极耳，不易造成极耳分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。支撑体通过挂扣部连接于端盖组件，使得支撑件不会在壳体内上下窜动，不会砸向电极组件而导致电极组件损坏。将挂扣部设置于第一表面和第二表面之间，减小了对端盖组件厚度方向上的体积的占用，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。再者，挂扣部未超出于第一表面或第二表面，在生产过程中，挂扣部不易受到外力作用而断裂。在堆料时，多个支撑件是层叠设置的，挂扣部未超出第一表面或第二表面，使得一个支撑件的第一表面能够贴合于另一个支撑件的第二表面，这样，两个支撑件的接触面积更大，有利于稳定堆料。另外，挂扣部设置于第一表面和第二表面之间相比于挂扣部超出于第一表面或第二表面而言，在堆料时，相邻的两个支撑件之间不易钩挂，在取用一个支撑件时，不会拉动另一个支撑件，有利于提高生产的安全性和生产效率。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第二表面抵靠于所述主体部。
在上述技术方案中，通过使第二表面抵靠于主体部，在电芯由正置切换至倒置的过程中，支撑体与主体部的相对位置不会发生变化，主体部不会与支撑体发生碰撞，不易导致电极组件损坏，有利于提升电池单体的寿命。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述极耳绕着所述支撑体弯折。
在上述技术方案中，通过使电极组件的极耳绕着支撑体弯折，在电芯倒置的场景下，使得电极组件的主体部的重力不易传递给极耳，不易造成极耳分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述支撑体包括本体部和凸出部，所述极耳绕着所述本体部弯折，沿所述厚度方向，所述凸出部凸出于所述本体部背离所述端盖组件的一侧，所述凸出部背离所述端盖组件的表面为所述第二表面，所述本体部面向所述端盖组件的表面为所述第一表面。
在上述技术方案中，通过在本体部上形成朝向主体部凸出的凸出部，使得凸出部抵靠于主体部，凸出部能够加强支撑体的强度，提升支撑体的支撑能力，同时本体部的厚度较薄，便于极耳绕着本体部弯折。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述凸出部包括主凸部和侧凸部，所述主凸部沿所述端盖组件的宽度方向上的至少一侧设置有多个所述侧凸部，沿所述端盖组件的长度方向，多个所述侧凸部间隔排布，相邻的两个所述侧凸部之间形成有用于容纳所述极耳的容纳空间。
在上述技术方案中，相邻的两个侧凸部之间形成有容纳极耳的容纳空间，使得极耳不易与支撑件相干涉，能够顺利地绕着本体部弯折，不易造成极耳损坏。同时，主凸部和侧凸部能够对极耳起到保护作用，降低极耳与其他部件接触而损坏的可能性，有利于提升电池单体的安全性和寿命。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，至少一个所述侧凸部设置有所述挂扣部。
在上述技术方案中，通过将挂扣部设置于侧凸部，巧妙地利用了侧凸部凸出于本体部的高度，使得挂扣部能够被隐藏于第一表面和第二表面之间，减小了对支撑件沿端盖厚度方向的空间占用，有利于提升能量密度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述长度方向，所述主凸部具有相对的第一端和第二端，所述第一端和/或所述第二端设置有所述侧凸部；位于所述第一端和/或所述第二端的所述侧凸部设置有所述挂扣部。
在上述技术方案中，将挂扣部设置于位于第一端和/或第二端的侧凸部上，便于在装配时将挂扣部与端盖组件挂扣配合。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，位于所述第一端的所述侧凸部为第一凸部，位于所述第二端的所述侧凸部为第二凸部；所述第一端还设置有第一阻挡件，沿所述第二端指向所述第一端的方向，所述第一阻挡件超出设置于的所述第一凸部的所述挂扣部；和/或所述第二端还设置有第二阻挡件，沿所述第一端指向所述第二端的方向，所述第二阻挡件超出设置于的所述第二凸部的所述挂扣部。
在上述技术方案中，通过在第一端设置第一阻挡件，第一阻挡件沿第二端指向第一端的方向超出设置于第一凸部的挂扣部，在第二端指向第一端的方向上，支撑件与其他部件发生碰撞时，第一阻挡件容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部的可能性，降低挂扣部损坏的可能。同样地，通过在第二端设置第二阻挡件，第二阻挡件沿第一端指向第二端的方向超出设置于第二凸部的挂扣部，在第一端指向第二端的方向上，支撑件与其他部件发生碰撞时，第二阻挡件容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部的可能性，降低挂扣部损坏的可能。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第一阻挡件和/或所述第二阻挡件上设置有抵持部，沿所述厚度方向，所述抵持部抵持于所述端盖组件。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置抵持部抵持于端盖组件，沿厚度方向，使得支撑体无法沿主体部指向端盖组件的方向移动，更好地对支撑体进行了限位，防止支撑体出现窜动而导致电极组件损坏。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述主凸部沿所述宽度方向上的两侧均设置有多个所述侧凸部。
在上述技术方案中，通过在主凸部宽度方向上的两侧均设置多个侧凸部，以形成多个容纳极耳的容纳空间，便于极耳从主凸部宽度方向上的两侧绕着本体部弯折。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述端盖组件的长度方向，所述支撑体的至少一端设置有所述挂扣部。
在上述技术方案中，通过在支撑体沿端盖组件的长度方向的至少一端上设置挂扣部，便于在装配时将挂扣部与端盖组件挂扣配合。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述长度方向，所述支撑体具有相对的第一端和第二端，所述第一端和所述第二端设置有所述挂扣部；所述第一端还设置有第一阻挡件，沿所述第二端指向所述第一端的方向，所述第一阻挡件超出设置于的所述第一端的所述挂扣部；和/或所述第二端还设置有第二阻挡件，沿所述第一端 指向所述第二端的方向，所述第二阻挡件超出设置于的所述第二端的所述挂扣部。
在上述技术方案中，通过在第一端设置第一阻挡件，第一阻挡件沿第二端指向第一端的方向超出设置于第一凸部的挂扣部，在第二端指向第一端的方向上，支撑件与其他部件发生碰撞时，第一阻挡件容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部的可能性，降低挂扣部损坏的可能。同样地，通过在第二端设置第二阻挡件，第二阻挡件沿第一端指向第二端的方向超出设置于第二凸部的挂扣部，在第一端指向第二端的方向上，支撑件与其他部件发生碰撞时，第二阻挡件容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部的可能性，降低挂扣部损坏的可能。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖组件朝向所述电极组件的一侧设置有第一凹部，所述支撑件至少部分容纳于所述第一凹部内。
在上述技术方案中，通过在端盖组件朝向电极组件的一侧形成第一凹部，并使支撑件至少部分容纳于第一凹部内，有利于提升能量密度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述支撑件容纳于所述第一凹部的部分与所述第一凹部的侧壁面之间具有间隙，所述间隙用于供所述支撑件相对于所述端盖组件活动。
在上述技术方案中，通过使支撑件容纳于第一凹部的部分与第一凹部的侧壁面之间具有间隙，该间隙能够使支撑件相对于端盖组件活动，实现了支撑件随极耳形状的自适应移动。例如，当一侧的极耳与电极端子焊接焊偏时，该侧极耳或者另一侧极耳能够推动支撑件相对于端盖组件在第一凹部内移动，调整支撑件的位置，从而不会使支撑件始终作用于极耳，不易造成极耳应力集中而损坏。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述支撑件完全容纳于所述第一凹部。
在上述技术方案中，将支撑件完全容纳于第一凹部内，有利于降低支撑件对电池单体内部空间的占用，提升电池单体的能量密度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述端盖组件的长度方向，所述支撑件容纳于所述第一凹部的部分与所述第一凹部的侧壁面的最大间隙为D1，满足：0.2mm≤D1≤4mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过使支撑件容纳于第一凹部的部分沿端盖组件的长度方向与所述第一凹部的侧壁面的最大间隙在0.2～4mm的范围内，能够保证支撑件具有足够活动空间，保证其自适应所需要的移动范围，同时支撑件与端盖组件的位置相对稳固，不易出现大幅晃动。若D1＜0.2mm，则支撑件沿端盖组件的长度方向的活动范围较小，自适应能力较差。若D1＞4mm，则支撑件沿端盖组件的长度方向的活动范围较大，在电池单体受到振动时，支撑件容易出现大幅晃动，可能会造成极耳损伤。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述端盖组件的宽度方向，所述支撑件容纳于所述第一凹部的部分与所述第一凹部的侧壁面的最大间隙为D2，满足：0.6mm≤D2≤4mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过使支撑件容纳于第一凹部的部分沿端盖组件的宽度方向与所述第一凹部的侧壁面的最大间隙在0.6～4mm的范围内，能够保证支撑件具有足够活动空间，保证其自适应所需要的移动范围，同时支撑件与端盖组件的位置相对稳固，不易出现大幅晃动。若D2＜0.6mm，则支撑件沿端盖组件的宽度方向的活动范围较小，自适应能力较差。若D2＞4mm，则支撑件沿端盖组件的宽度方向的活动范围较大，在电池单体受到振动时，支撑件容易出现大幅晃动，可能会造成极耳损伤。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件，所述绝缘件位于所述端盖面向所述主体部的一侧，所述绝缘件用于绝缘隔离所述电极组件和所述端盖；所述挂扣部与所述绝缘件挂扣配合。
在上述技术方案中，通过将支撑件与绝缘件挂扣配合，无需改变现有的端盖的制造方式，绝缘件相比于端盖来说，价格更低，制造更为容易，有利于降低生产成本。另外，将支撑件与绝缘件挂扣配合，相比于将支撑件连接于端盖而言，不易产生 新的问题(例如端盖的密封、绝缘问题)。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖设置有泄压机构，沿所述端盖组件的厚度方向，所述绝缘件上形成有沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出的第一凸起，所述第一凸起内形成有用于避让所述泄压机构的第一避让空间，所述支撑件面向所述绝缘件的一侧设有第二凹部，所述第一凸起至少部分容纳于所述第二凹部内。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第一凸起和第二凹部，使得第一凸起至少部分容纳于第二凹部内，第一凸起与第二凹部配合，能够对支撑件起到限位作用，避免支撑件在壳体内移动。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第一凸起容纳于所述第二凹部的部分与所述第二凹部的侧壁面之间具有间隙，所述间隙用于供所述支撑件相对于所述绝缘件活动。
在上述技术方案中，通过使第一凸起容纳于第二凹部的部分与第二凹部的侧壁面之间具有间隙，该间隙能够使支撑件相对于绝缘件活动，实现了支撑件随极耳形状的自适应移动。例如，当一侧的极耳与电极端子焊接焊偏时，该侧极耳或者另一侧极耳能够推动支撑件相对于绝缘件移动，调整支撑件的位置，从而不会使支撑件始终作用于极耳，不易造成极耳应力集中而损坏。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第二凹部的侧壁面与所述第一凸起的外周面之间的最大间隙为D3，满足：0.4≤D3≤4mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过使第二凹部的侧壁面与第一凸起的外周面之间的最大间隙在0.4～4mm的范围内，能够保证支撑件具有足够活动空间，保证其自适应所需要的移动范围，同时支撑件与绝缘件的位置相对稳固，不易出现大幅晃动。若D2＜0.4mm，则支撑件的活动范围较小，自适应能力较差。若D2＞4mm，则支撑件活动范围较大，在电池单体受到振动时，支撑件容易出现大幅晃动，可能会造成极耳损伤。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一凸起上形成有沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出的第二凸起，所述第二凸起内形成有用于避让所述泄压机构的第二避让空间，所述第二避让空间与所述第一避让空间连通，所述第二凸起抵靠于所述第二凹部的底壁面。
在上述技术方案中，通过在第一凸起上形成沿面向电极组件的方向凸出的第二凸起，并在第二凸起内形成第二避让空间，使得第二避让空间与第一避让空间连通，使得绝缘件具有较大的避让泄压机构的避让空间，便于泄压机构泄压，有利于提升电池单体的安全性。另外，第二凸起抵靠于第二凹部的底壁面，也限制了支撑件沿从主体部指向端盖组件的方向的移动，防止支撑体出现窜动而导致电极组件损坏。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述端盖组件的厚度方向，所述端盖组件的朝向所述主体部的表面与所述第二表面之间的距离为H，满足：H≤0.5mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过将端盖组件的朝向主体部的表面沿端盖组件的厚度方向与第二表面之间的距离限制在0.5mm内，有利于充分利用壳体的内部空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。若H＞0.5mm，说明沿着主体部指向端盖组件的方向上，端盖组件的朝向主体部的表面超出于第二表面的距离较大，或者第二表面超出于端盖组件的朝向主体部的表面的距离较大，导致壳体内大量空间被浪费，不利于电池单体能量密度的提高。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖组件的朝向所述主体部的表面与所述第二表面平齐。
在上述技术方案中，通过使端盖组件的朝向主体部的表面与第二表面平齐，有利于充分利用壳体的内部空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，所述电池包括箱体和上述的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述端盖组件设置于所述电池单体的靠近所述箱体的底壁的一侧。
在上述技术方案中，通过将端盖组件设置于电池单体的靠近箱体的底壁的一侧，即将电池单体倒置于箱体内。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，所述用电设备包括上述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的俯视示意图；
图6为图5中A-A位置的剖视图；
图7为图6中B-B位置的剖视图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件的正面结构示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件的背面结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件的正视示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖、绝缘件和支撑件连接的仰视示意图；
图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的俯视示意图；
图13为图12中D-D位置的剖视图；
图14为图6中C位置的放大图。
图标：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-端盖组件；211-端盖；212-注液孔；213-电极端子；214-泄压机构；215-绝缘件；2151-第一凸起；2152-第一凹部；2153-第二凸起；2154-第一避让空间；2155-第二避让空间；22-电极组件；221-主体部；222-极耳；23-壳体；24-支撑件；241-支撑体；2411-第一表面；2412-第二表面；2413-本体部；24131-第一通孔；24132-第一凹槽；24133-加强部；24134-第二凹部；24135-泄压孔；2414-凸出部；24141-主凸部；24142-侧凸部；2415-容纳空间；242-挂扣部；243-第一阻挡件；244-抵持部；25-转接件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正子极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负子极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，电池的应用越加广泛。电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。然而，在电芯倒置的场景下，电池单体安全性较差。
发明人进一步研究发现，电池单体包括电极组件，电极组件是电池单体中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔离膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成子极耳，为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起形成极耳。在电芯倒置的场景下，极耳位于主体部的下方，极耳会受到主体部的重力作用。由于极耳是由多个 子极耳层叠在一起形成的，因此受到重力作用时容易出现分叉，分叉的部分容易插入主体部内，与主体部内的正极片或负极片接触，从而造成短路，严重时会造成起火，甚至爆炸，导致电池单体的安全性较差。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，该电池单体的端盖组件和主体部之间设置有支撑件，在电芯倒置的场景下，支撑体能对电极组件起到支撑作用，使得电极组件的主体部的重力不易传递给极耳，不易造成极耳分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。
支撑体通过挂扣部连接于端盖组件，使得支撑件不会在壳体内上下窜动，不会砸向电极组件而导致电极组件损坏。
将挂扣部设置于第一表面和第二表面之间，减小了对端盖组件厚度方向上的体积的占用，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。
再者，挂扣部未超出于第一表面或第二表面，在生产过程中，挂扣部不易受到外力作用而断裂。在堆料时，多个支撑件是层叠设置的，挂扣部未超出第一表面或第二表面，使得一个支撑件的第一表面能够贴合于另一个支撑件的第二表面，这样，两个支撑件的接触面积更大，有利于稳定堆料。
另外，挂扣部设置于第一表面和第二表面之间相比于挂扣部超出于第一表面或第二表面而言，在堆料时，相邻的两个支撑件之间不易钩挂，在取用一个支撑件时，不会拉动另一个支撑件，有利于提高生产的安全性和生产效率。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内； 当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池单体或一次电池单体；还可以是锂硫电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6、图7、图8和图9，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图。图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的结构示意图。图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的俯视示意图。图6为图5中A-A位置的剖视图。图7为图6中B-B位置的剖视图。图8为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件24的正面结构示意图。图9为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件24的背面结构示意图。本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括壳体23、电极组件22、端盖组件21和支撑件24。壳体23具有开口。电极组件22具有主体部221和凸出于主体部221的极耳222，电极组件22容纳于壳体23内。端盖组件21封闭开口。支撑件24位于端盖组件21和主体部221之间。支撑件24包括支撑体241和挂扣部242，沿端盖组件21的厚度方向，支撑体241具有面向端盖组件21的第一表面2411和背离端盖组件21的第二表面2412。挂扣部242设置于支撑体241，挂扣部242与端盖组件21挂扣配合。挂扣部242位于第一表面2411和第二表面2412之间。
端盖组件21包括端盖211，端盖211是指盖合于壳体23的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖211的形状可以与壳体23的形状相适应以配合壳体23。可选地，端盖211可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖211在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖211的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。可选地，端盖组件21还包括电极端子213，电极端子213设置于端盖211。电极端子213可以用于与电极组件22电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。可选地，端盖组件21还包括泄压机构214，泄压机构214设置于端盖211，泄压机构214用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到起爆压力时打开，以泄放电池单体20的内部压力。在一些实施例中，端盖组件21还包括绝缘件215，绝缘件215设置在端盖211的内侧，绝缘件215可以用于隔离壳体23内的电连接部件与端盖211，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件215可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体23是用于配合端盖211以形成电池单体20的内部环境的部件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件。壳体23和端盖211可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体23上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖211盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖211和壳体23一体化，具体地，端盖211和壳体23可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的接合面，当需要封装壳体23的内部时，再使端盖211盖合壳体23。壳体23可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体23的形状可以根据电极组件22的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体23的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体23内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件22。电极组件22主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔离膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件22的主体部221，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成子极耳。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起形成极耳222。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部221的一端或是分别位于主体部221的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳222连接电极端子213以形成电流回路。极耳222凸出于主体部221，以便于 与电极端子213连接，输出电池单体20的电能或向电池单体20输入电能。
支撑件24位于壳体23内，且位于端盖组件21和主体部221之间。需要说明的是，端盖组件21朝向主体部221的一侧可以形成有凹部，支撑件24可以部分或全部容纳于凹部内，也属于支撑件24位于端盖组件21和主体部221之间。在电芯倒置的场景下，支撑件24能够对主体部221起到支撑作用，使得主体部221的重力不易传递给极耳222。
支撑体241是支撑件24在电芯倒置的场景下主要对主体部221起到支撑作用的部分，是支撑件24的主要部分。沿着端盖组件21的厚度方向，支撑体241具有相对设置的第一表面2411和第二表面2412，其中，第一表面2411面向端盖组件21，第二表面2412背离端盖组件21。
在本实施例中，端盖组件21的厚度方向与支撑件24的厚度方向相同。如图6、图7、图8和图9中所示，端盖组件21的厚度方向可以是图中的Z方向。
挂扣部242是支撑件24上与端盖组件21挂扣配合的部分。挂扣部242与支撑体241连接。挂扣部242可以形成有钩状结构。这样，挂扣部242可以与端盖组件21钩在一起，以实现挂扣部242与端盖组件21的挂扣配合。沿厚度方向，在主体部221指向端盖组件21的方向上，挂扣部242不超出于第一表面2411，在端盖组件21指向主体部221的方向上，挂扣部242不超出于第二表面2412。
该电池单体20的端盖组件21和主体部221之间设置有支撑件24，在电芯倒置的场景下，支撑体241能对电极组件22起到支撑作用，使得电极组件22的主体部221的重力不易传递给极耳222，不易造成极耳222分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。支撑体241通过挂扣部242连接于端盖组件21，使得支撑件24不会在壳体23内上下窜动，不会砸向电极组件22而导致电极组件22损坏。将挂扣部242设置于第一表面2411和第二表面2412之间，减小了对端盖组件21厚度方向上的体积的占用，有利于提高电池单体20的能量密度。再者，挂扣部242未超出于第一表面2411或第二表面2412，在生产过程中，挂扣部242不易受到外力作用而断裂。在堆料时，多个支撑件24是层叠设置的，挂扣部242未超出第一表面2411或第二表面2412，使得一个支撑件24的第一表面2411能够贴合于另一个支撑件24的第二表面2412，这样，两个支撑件24的接触面积更大，有利于稳定堆料。另外，挂扣部242设置于第一表面2411和第二表面2412之间相比于挂扣部242超出于第一表面2411或第二表面2412而言，在堆料时，相邻的两个支撑件24之间不易钩挂，在取用一个支撑件24时，不会拉动另一个支撑件24，有利于提高生产的安全性和生产效率。
请参照图6和图7，在一些实施例中，第二表面2412抵靠于主体部221。
“第二表面2412抵靠于主体部221”是指第二表面2412贴靠于主体部221的朝向支撑体241的表面。第二表面2412可以仅仅是与主体部221的朝向支撑体241的表面相接触，也可以是与主体部221的朝向支撑体241的表面相接触并具有力的作用。
通过使第二表面2412抵靠于主体部221，在电芯由正置切换至倒置的过程中，支撑体241与主体部221的相对位置不会发生变化，主体部221不会与支撑体241发生碰撞，不易导致电极组件22损坏，有利于提升电池单体20的寿命。
请参照图6和图7，在一些实施例中，极耳222绕着支撑体241弯折。
“极耳222绕着支撑体241弯折”是指极耳222从支撑体241的朝向主体部221的一侧开始，在支撑体241的边缘处形成折弯，并延伸至支撑体241的背离主体部221的一侧。请参照图6和图7，在一些实施例中，电池单体20包括转接件25，转接件25连接极耳222的位于支撑体241背离主体部221的一侧的部分和电极端子213，以将极耳222与电极端子213电连接。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，极耳222绕着支撑体241弯折，可以是正极极耳绕着支撑体241弯折，也可以是负极极耳绕着支撑体241弯折，也可以是正极极耳和负极极耳均绕着支撑体241弯折。极耳222绕着支撑体241弯折，极耳222可以与支撑体241的端部接触，也可以不接触。
通过使电极组件22的极耳222绕着支撑体241弯折，在电芯倒置的场景下，使得电极组件22的主体部221的重力不易传递给极耳222，不易造成极耳222分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6、图7、图8和图9，支撑体241包括本体部2413和凸出部2414，极耳222绕着本体部2413弯折。沿厚度方向，凸出部2414凸出于本体部2413背离端盖组件21的一侧。凸出部2414背离端盖组件21的表面为第二表面2412，本体部2413面向端盖组件21的表面为第一表面2411。
本体部2413可以是板状结构，以便于极耳222绕着本体部2413弯折。凸出部2414是凸出于本体部2413背离端盖组件21的一侧的凸起结构，凸出部2414的形状可以是任意的，例如，长条状、圆环状、波浪状等。本申请对此不作限定。
第一表面2411是本体部2413的面向端盖组件21的表面，也即是本体部2413的背离主体部221的表面。第二表面2412是凸出部2414背离端盖组件21的表面，也是凸出部2414的朝向主体部221的表面。
通过在本体部2413上形成朝向主体部221凸出的凸出部2414，使得凸出部2414抵靠于主体部221，凸出部2414能够加强支撑体241的强度，提升支撑体241的支撑能力，同时本体部2413的厚度较薄，便于极耳222绕着本体部2413弯折。
在一些实施例中，凸出部2414包括主凸部24141和侧凸部24142，主凸部24141沿端盖组件21的宽度方向上的至少一侧设置有多个侧凸部24142。沿端盖组件21的长度方向，多个侧凸部24142间隔排布。相邻的两个侧凸部24142之间形成有用于容纳极耳222的容纳空间2415。
一般来说，端盖组件21的宽度方向与支撑件24的宽度方向相同，如图6、图7、图8和图9中所示，端盖组件21的宽度方向可以是图中的X方向。端盖组件21的长度方向与支撑件24的长度方向相同，如图6、图7、图8和图9中所示，端盖组件21的长度方向可以是图中的Y方向。
主凸部24141是凸出部2414中沿着端盖组件21的长度方向延伸的部分。侧凸部24142沿着端盖组件21的宽度方向设置于主凸部24141的至少一侧。凸出部2414包括多个侧凸部24142，多个侧凸部24142沿着端盖组件21的长度方向间隔设置。
相邻的两个侧凸部24142之间形成有容纳空间2415，容纳空间2415用于容纳极耳222。如图8和图9中所示，主凸部24141和两个侧凸部24142共同围成了上述的容纳空间2415。
相邻的两个侧凸部24142之间形成有容纳极耳222的容纳空间2415，使得极耳222不易与支撑件24相干涉，能够顺利地绕着本体部2413弯折，不易造成极耳222损坏。同时，主凸部24141和侧凸部24142能够对极耳222起到保护作用，降低极耳222与其他部件接触而损坏的可能性，有利于提升电池单体20的安全性和寿命。
在一些实施例中，本体部2413的面向端盖组件21的一侧上设置有第一凹槽24132，第一凹槽24132的位置与主凸部24141的位置相对应。通过设置第一凹槽24132，能够降低支撑件24的重量，降低材料消耗，节省生产成本。
在一些实施例中，第一凹槽24132内设置有加强部24133，加强部24133连接于第一凹槽24132的底壁面和侧壁面，以加强支撑件24的结构强度，保证支撑件24的支撑能力。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件21上设有注液孔212，支撑体241上设有第一通孔24131，第一通孔24131与注液孔212位置相对应。
注液孔212是设置于端盖组件21的用于注液的通孔，例如，注液孔212可以设置于端盖211。第一通孔24131是设置于支撑体241的用于注液的通孔。可选地，注液孔212与第一通孔24131同轴设置。
通过设置注液孔212和第一通孔24131，便于注液。
在一些实施例中，第一通孔24131偏离支撑体241的中心位置设置。
“第一通孔24131偏离支撑体241的中心位置设置”是指第一通孔24131不在支撑体241的中心位置。
通过将第一通孔24131偏离支撑体241的中心位置设置，在将支撑件24安装于端盖组件21时，第一通孔24131能够起到防呆作用，在一定程度上降低装错的风险。
在一些实施例中，至少一个侧凸部24142设置有挂扣部242。
“至少一个侧凸部24142设置有挂扣部242”包括一个侧凸部24142设置有挂扣部242、两个侧凸部24142设置有挂扣部242和两个以上的侧凸部24142设置有挂扣部242。
通过将挂扣部242设置于侧凸部24142，巧妙地利用了侧凸部24142凸出于本体部2413的高度，使得挂扣部242能够被隐藏于第一表面2411和第二表面2412之间，减小了对支撑件24沿端盖211厚度方向的空间占用，有利于提升能量密度。
请参照图8和图9，在一些实施例中，沿长度方向，主凸部24141具有相对的第一端和第二端，第一端和/或第二端设置有侧凸部24142。位于第一端和/或第二端的侧凸部24142设置有挂扣部242。
第一端和第二端是主凸部24141在端盖组件21的长度方向上的两端。“第一端和/或第二端设置有侧凸部24142”包括第一端设置有侧凸部24142、第二端设置有侧凸部24142、第一端和第二端均设置有侧凸部24142这三种方案。
挂扣部242可以设置在位于第一端的侧凸部24142上，也可以设置在位于第二端的侧凸部24142上，还可以同时设置于位于第一端和第二端的侧凸部24142上。
将挂扣部242设置于位于第一端和/或第二端的侧凸部24142上，便于在装配时将挂扣部242与端盖组件21挂扣配合。
请参照图6、图7、图8、图9和图10，图10为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件24的正视示意图。在一些实施例中，位于第一端的侧凸部24142为第一凸部，位于第二端的侧凸部24142为第二凸部。第一端还设置有第一阻挡件243，沿第二端指向第一端的方向，第一阻挡件243超出设置于的第一凸部的挂扣部242。和/或第二端还设置有第二阻挡件，沿第一端指向第二端的方向，第二阻挡件超出设置于的第二凸部的挂扣部242。
第一凸部特指设置于第一端的侧凸部24142。第二凸部特指设置于第二端的侧凸部24142。
第一阻挡件243是设置于第一端的凸出结构。沿着第二端指向第一端的方向，第一阻挡件243超出设置于第一凸部的挂扣部242。第一阻挡件243可以是呈板状结构，第一阻挡件243从第一端开始，沿着从第二端指向第一端的方向延伸，并超出设置于第一凸部的挂扣部242。
第二阻挡件是设置于第二端的凸出结构。沿着第一端指向第二端的方向，第二阻挡件超出设置于第二凸部的挂扣部242。第二阻挡件可以是呈板状结构，第二阻挡件从第二端开始，沿着从第一端指向第二端的方向延伸，并超出设置于第二凸部的挂扣部242。
通过在第一端设置第一阻挡件243，第一阻挡件243沿第二端指向第一端的方向超出设置于第一凸部的挂扣部242，在第二端指向第一端的方向上，支撑件24与其他部件发生碰撞时，第一阻挡件243容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部242的可能性，降低挂扣部242损坏的可能。同样地，通过在第二端设置第二阻挡件，第二阻挡件沿第一端指向第二端的方向超出设置于第二凸部的挂扣部242，在第一端指向第二端的方向上，支撑件24与其他部件发生碰撞时，第二阻挡件容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部242的可能性，降低挂扣部242损坏的可能。
在一些实施例中，第一阻挡件243和/或第二阻挡件上设置有抵持部244。沿厚度方向，抵持部244抵持于端盖组件21。
抵持部244可以是沿着厚度方向凸出于第一阻挡件243或第二阻挡件的凸起结构。抵持部244可以是仅仅设置于第一阻挡件243，也可以是仅仅设置于第二阻挡件，还可以是同时设置于第一阻挡件243和第二阻挡件。其中，沿厚度方向，抵持部 244的背离第一阻挡件243或第二阻挡件的一侧与端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的一侧相接触。
通过设置抵持部244抵持于端盖组件21，沿厚度方向，使得支撑体241无法沿主体部221指向端盖组件21的方向移动，更好地对支撑体241进行了限位，防止支撑体241出现窜动而导致电极组件22损坏。
请参照图7和图8，在一些实施例中，主凸部24141沿宽度方向上的两侧均设置有多个侧凸部24142。
多个侧凸部24142中，一部分侧凸部24142位于主体部221沿宽度方向的一侧，另一部分侧凸部24142位于主体部221沿宽度方向的另一侧，使得主体部221沿宽度方向的两侧均设置有多个侧凸部24142。
通过在主凸部24141宽度方向上的两侧均设置多个侧凸部24142，以形成多个容纳极耳222的容纳空间2415，便于极耳222从主凸部24141宽度方向上的两侧绕着本体部2413弯折。
在一些实施例中，沿端盖组件21的长度方向，支撑体241的至少一端设置有挂扣部242。
沿着端盖组件21的长度方向，支撑体241具有相对的第一端和第二端，第一端和第二端中的至少一者上设置有挂扣部242。
通过在支撑体241沿端盖组件21的长度方向的至少一端上设置挂扣部242，便于在装配时将挂扣部242与端盖组件21挂扣配合。
在一些实施例中，沿长度方向，支撑体241具有相对的第一端和第二端，第一端和第二端设置有挂扣部242。第一端还设置有第一阻挡件243，沿第二端指向第一端的方向，第一阻挡件243超出设置于的第一端的挂扣部242。和/或第二端还设置有第二阻挡件，沿第一端指向第二端的方向，第二阻挡件超出设置于的第二端的挂扣部242。
通过在第一端设置第一阻挡件243，第一阻挡件243沿第二端指向第一端的方向超出设置于第一凸部的挂扣部242，在第二端指向第一端的方向上，支撑件24与其他部件发生碰撞时，第一阻挡件243容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部242的可能性，降低挂扣部242损坏的可能。同样地，通过在第二端设置第二阻挡件，第二阻挡件沿第一端指向第二端的方向超出设置于第二凸部的挂扣部242，在第一端指向第二端的方向上，支撑件24与其他部件发生碰撞时，第二阻挡件容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部242的可能性，降低挂扣部242损坏的可能。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件21朝向电极组件22的一侧设置有第一凹部2152，支撑件24至少部分容纳于第一凹部2152内。
端盖组件21包括端盖211和绝缘件215，端盖211用于封闭壳体23的开口，绝缘件215用于绝缘隔离端盖211和电极组件22。其中，端盖211面向电极组件22的一侧形成第二凹槽，绝缘件215至少部分容纳于第二凹槽内。绝缘件215面向电极组件22的一侧形成第一凹部2152，支撑件24至少部分容纳于第一凹部2152内。端盖211背离电极组件22的一侧形成凸部，凸部的位置与凹槽的位置相对应。可选地，绝缘件215背离电极组件22的一侧与第二凹槽对应的位置形成凸起，凸起部分容纳于第二凹槽内，并在凸起的内部形成第一凹部2152。
通过在端盖组件21朝向电极组件22的一侧形成第一凹部2152，并使支撑件24至少部分容纳于第一凹部2152内，有利于提升能量密度。
请参照图6、图7、图8、图9、图10和图11，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖211、绝缘件215和支撑件24连接的仰视示意图。在一些实施例中，支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面之间具有间隙，间隙用于供支撑件24相对于端盖组件21活动。
“支撑件24容纳于第一凹槽24132的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面之间具有间隙”可以是支撑件24容纳于第一凹槽24132的部分沿长度方向与第一凹部2152 的侧壁面之间具有间隙，以允许支撑件24相对于端盖组件21沿长度方向移动。
“支撑件24容纳于第一凹槽24132的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面之间具有间隙”还可以是支撑件24容纳于第一凹槽24132的部分沿宽度方向与第一凹部2152的侧壁面之间具有间隙，以允许支撑件24相对于端盖组件21沿宽度方向移动。
通过使支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面之间具有间隙，该间隙能够使支撑件24相对于端盖组件21活动，实现了支撑件24随极耳222形状的自适应移动。例如，当一侧的极耳222与电极端子213焊接焊偏时，该侧极耳222或者另一侧极耳222能够推动支撑件24相对于端盖组件21在第一凹部2152内移动，调整支撑件24的位置，从而不会使支撑件24始终作用于极耳222，不易造成极耳222应力集中而损坏。
在一些实施例中，支撑件24完全容纳于第一凹部2152。
将支撑件24完全容纳于第一凹部2152内，有利于降低支撑件24对电池单体20内部空间的占用，提升电池单体20的能量密度。
请参照图6、图7、图8、图9、图10和图11，在一些实施例中，沿端盖组件21的长度方向，支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙为D1，满足：0.2mm≤D1≤4mm。
D1表示支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分沿着长度方向与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙。由于支撑件24能够相对于电极组件22自适应移动，因此，沿着长度方向，支撑件24的两端到对应的侧壁面之间的距离可能不同。以图11中所示的为例，支撑件24左侧与第一凹部2152的左侧壁面之间的间隙可能是N1，支撑件24右侧与第一凹部2152的右侧壁面之间的距离可能是N2，N1可以大于N2，也可以等于N2，还可以小于N2。这里，“沿端盖组件21的长度方向，支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙”是指N1和N2中较大的一者。
沿端盖组件21的长度方向，支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙的取值可以为：D1＝0.2mm、0.4mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm等。
通过使支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分沿端盖组件21的长度方向与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙在0.2～4mm的范围内，能够保证支撑件24具有足够活动空间，保证其自适应所需要的移动范围，同时支撑件24与端盖组件21的位置相对稳固，不易出现大幅晃动。若D1＜0.2mm，则支撑件24沿端盖组件21的长度方向的活动范围较小，自适应能力较差。若D1＞4mm，则支撑件24沿端盖组件21的长度方向的活动范围较大，在电池单体20受到振动时，支撑件24容易出现大幅晃动，可能会造成极耳222损伤。
请参照图6、图7、图8、图9、图10和图11，在一些实施例中，沿端盖组件21的宽度方向，支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙为D2，满足：0.6mm≤D2≤4mm。
D2表示支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分沿着宽度方向与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙。由于支撑件24能够相对于电极组件22自适应移动，因此，沿着宽度方向，支撑件24的两端到对应的侧壁面之间的距离可能不同。以图11中所示的为例，支撑件24上侧与第一凹部2152的上侧壁面之间的间隙可能是N3，支撑件24下侧与第一凹部2152的下侧壁面之间的距离可能是N4，N3可以大于N4，也可以等于N4，还可以小于N4。这里，“沿端盖组件21的宽度方向，支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙”是指N3和N4中较大的一者。
沿端盖组件21的宽度方向，支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分与第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙的取值可以为：D2＝0.6mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm等。
通过使支撑件24容纳于第一凹部2152的部分沿端盖组件21的宽度方向与 第一凹部2152的侧壁面的最大间隙在0.6～4mm的范围内，能够保证支撑件24具有足够活动空间，保证其自适应所需要的移动范围，同时支撑件24与端盖组件21的位置相对稳固，不易出现大幅晃动。若D2＜0.6mm，则支撑件24沿端盖组件21的宽度方向的活动范围较小，自适应能力较差。若D2＞4mm，则支撑件24沿端盖组件21的宽度方向的活动范围较大，在电池单体20受到振动时，支撑件24容易出现大幅晃动，可能会造成极耳222损伤。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件21包括端盖211和绝缘件215，绝缘件215位于端盖211面向主体部221的一侧，绝缘件215用于绝缘隔离电极组件22和端盖211。挂扣部242与绝缘件215挂扣配合。
通过将支撑件24与绝缘件215挂扣配合，无需改变现有的端盖211的制造方式，绝缘件215相比于端盖211来说，价格更低，制造更为容易，有利于降低生产成本。另外，将支撑件24与绝缘件215挂扣配合，相比于将支撑件24连接于端盖211而言，不易产生新的问题(例如端盖211的密封、绝缘问题)。
在一些实施例中，端盖211设置有泄压机构214。沿端盖组件21的厚度方向，绝缘件215上形成有沿面向电极组件22的方向凸出的第一凸起2151，第一凸起2151内形成有用于避让泄压机构214的第一避让空间2154。支撑件24面向绝缘件215的一侧设有第二凹部24134，第一凸起2151至少部分容纳于第二凹部24134内。
第一凸起2151是绝缘件215上的凸出结构，第一凸起2151沿着朝向电极组件22的方向凸出，第一凸起2151的位置与泄压机构214的位置相对应。第一凸起2151可以部分容纳于第二凹部24134，也可以完全容纳于第二凹部24134内。
第一凸起2151的背离电极组件22的一侧形成有第一避让空间2154，第一避让空间2154用于避让泄压机构214，以方便泄压机构214泄压。
第二凹部24134是设置支撑件24上的槽体结构。第二凹部24134的位置与第一凸起2151的位置相对应，并与泄压机构214的位置相对应。第二凹部24134的底壁上开设有沿厚度方向贯穿支撑件24的泄压孔24135，以允许壳体23内部的气体经过泄压孔24135，并从泄压机构214排出，以实现泄压。
通过设置第一凸起2151和第二凹部24134，使得第一凸起2151至少部分容纳于第二凹部24134内，第一凸起2151与第二凹部24134配合，能够对支撑件24起到限位作用，避免支撑件24在壳体23内移动。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起2151容纳于第二凹部24134的部分与第二凹部24134的侧壁面之间具有间隙，间隙用于供支撑件24相对于绝缘件215活动。
“第一凸起2151容纳于第二凹部24134的部分与第二凹部24134的侧壁面之间具有间隙”可以是第一凸起2151容纳于第二凹槽的部分沿长度方向与第二凹部24134的侧壁面之间具有间隙，以允许支撑件24相对于端盖组件21沿长度方向移动。
“第一凸起2151容纳于第二凹部24134的部分与第二凹部24134的侧壁面之间具有间隙”可以是第一凸起2151容纳于第二凹槽的部分沿宽度方向与第二凹部24134的侧壁面之间具有间隙，以允许支撑件24相对于端盖组件21沿宽度方向移动。
通过使第一凸起2151容纳于第二凹部24134的部分与第二凹部24134的侧壁面之间具有间隙，该间隙能够使支撑件24相对于绝缘件215活动，实现了支撑件24随极耳222形状的自适应移动。例如，当一侧的极耳222与电极端子213焊接焊偏时，该侧极耳222或者另一侧极耳222能够推动支撑件24相对于绝缘件215移动，调整支撑件24的位置，从而不会使支撑件24始终作用于极耳222，不易造成极耳222应力集中而损坏。
在一些实施例中，第二凹部24134的侧壁面与第一凸起2151的外周面之间的最大间隙为D3，满足：0.4≤D3≤4mm。
D3表示第二凹部24134的侧壁面与第一凸起2151的外周面之间的最大间隙。由于支撑件24能够相对于电极组件22自适应移动，因此，第二凹部24134的侧壁面与第一凸起2151的外周面在不同位置的间隙可能不同。“第二凹部24134的侧壁面与第一凸起2151的外周面之间的最大间隙”是指在该位置的间隙大于或等于其他任 意位置的间隙。
第二凹部24134的侧壁面与第一凸起2151的外周面之间的最大间隙的取值可以为：D1＝0.4mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm等。
通过使第二凹部24134的侧壁面与第一凸起2151的外周面之间的最大间隙在0.4～4mm的范围内，能够保证支撑件24具有足够活动空间，保证其自适应所需要的移动范围，同时支撑件24与绝缘件215的位置相对稳固，不易出现大幅晃动。若D2＜0.4mm，则支撑件24的活动范围较小，自适应能力较差。若D2＞4mm，则支撑件24活动范围较大，在电池单体20受到振动时，支撑件24容易出现大幅晃动，可能会造成极耳222损伤。
请参照图12和图13，图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体20的俯视示意图。图13为图13中D-D位置的剖视图。在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，第一凸起2151上形成有沿面向电极组件22的方向凸出的第二凸起2153，第二凸起2153内形成有用于避让泄压机构214的第二避让空间2155。第二避让空间2155与第一避让空间2154连通，第二凸起2153抵靠于第二凹部24134的底壁面。
第二凸起2153是第一凸起2151上的凸出结构，第二凸起2153沿着朝向电极组件22的方向凸出，第二凸起2153的位置与泄压机构214的位置相对应。第二凸起2153的背离电极组件22的一侧形成有第二避让空间2155，第二避让空间2155与第一避让空间2154连通，以用于避让泄压机构214，以方便泄压机构214泄压。
“第二凸起2153抵靠于第二凹部24134的底壁面”是指第二凸起2153的朝向电极组件22的表面与第二凹部24134的底壁面相接触，二者之间可以具有力的作用，也可以不具有力的作用。
通过在第一凸起2151上形成沿面向电极组件22的方向凸出的第二凸起2153，并在第二凸起2153内形成第二避让空间2155，使得第二避让空间2155与第一避让空间2154连通，使得绝缘件215具有较大的避让泄压机构214的避让空间，便于泄压机构214泄压，有利于提升电池单体20的安全性。另外，第二凸起2153抵靠于第二凹部24134的底壁面，也限制了支撑件24沿从主体部221指向端盖组件21的方向的移动，防止支撑体241出现窜动而导致电极组件22损坏。
请参照图14，图14为图6中C位置的放大图。在一些实施例中，沿端盖组件21的厚度方向，端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面与第二表面2412之间的距离为H，满足：H≤0.5mm。
H是指端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面与第二表面2412之间的距离。沿着端盖组件21的厚度方向，端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面沿端盖组件21指向主体部221的方向可以是超出于第二表面2412，也可以是与第二表面2412平齐，还可以是第二表面2412沿端盖组件21指向主体部221的方向超出于端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面。
沿端盖组件21的厚度方向，端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面与第二表面2412之间的距离的取值可以为：H＝0、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.25mm、0.3mm、0.35mm、0.4mm、0.45mm、0.5mm等。
通过将端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面沿端盖组件21的厚度方向与第二表面2412之间的距离限制在0.5mm内，有利于充分利用壳体23的内部空间，提高电池单体20的能量密度。若H＞0.5mm，说明沿着主体部221指向端盖组件21的方向上，端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面超出于第二表面2412的距离较大，或者第二表面2412超出于端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面的距离较大，导致壳体23内大量空间被浪费，不利于电池单体20能量密度的提高。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面与第二表面2412平齐。
“端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面与第二表面2412平齐”也可以理解为，沿着厚度方向，端盖组件21的朝向主体部221的表面到主体部221的距离为第一距离，第二表面2412到主体部221的距离为第二距离，第一距离和第二距离相等。
通过使端盖组件的朝向主体部221的表面与第二表面2412平齐，有利于充分利用壳体23的内部空间，提高电池单体20的能量密度。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池100，电池100包括箱体10及上述的电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件21设置于电池单体20的靠近箱体10的底壁的一侧。
箱体10的底壁即箱体10上与箱体10的开口端相对的壁面。
通过将端盖组件21设置于电池单体20的靠近箱体10的底壁的一侧，即将电池单体20倒置于箱体10内。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，用电设备包括上述的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3～图14。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括壳体23、电极组件22、端盖组件21和支撑件24。壳体23具有开口。壳体23具有开口。电极组件22具有主体部221和凸出于主体部221的极耳222，电极组件22容纳于壳体23内。端盖组件21封闭开口。支撑件24位于壳体23内。支撑件24包括支撑体241和挂扣部242，极耳222绕着支撑体241弯折。沿端盖组件21的厚度方向，支撑体241具有面向端盖组件21的第一表面2411和背离端盖组件21的第二表面2412，第二表面2412抵靠于主体部221。挂扣部242设置于支撑体241，挂扣部242与端盖组件21挂扣配合。挂扣部242位于第一表面2411和第二表面2412之间。
该电池单体20的端盖组件21和主体部221之间设置有支撑件24，在电芯倒置的场景下，支撑体241能对电极组件22起到支撑作用，使得电极组件22的主体部221的重力不易传递给极耳222，不易造成极耳222分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。支撑体241通过挂扣部242连接于端盖组件21，使得支撑件24不会在壳体23内上下窜动，不会砸向电极组件22而导致电极组件22损坏。将挂扣部242设置于第一表面2411和第二表面2412之间，减小了对端盖组件21厚度方向上的体积的占用，有利于提高电池单体20的能量密度。再者，挂扣部242未超出于第一表面2411或第二表面2412，在生产过程中，挂扣部242不易受到外力作用而断裂。在堆料时，多个支撑件24是层叠设置的，挂扣部242未超出第一表面2411或第二表面2412，使得一个支撑件24的第一表面2411能够贴合于另一个支撑件24的第二表面2412，这样，两个支撑件24的接触面积更大，有利于稳定堆料。另外，挂扣部242设置于第一表面2411和第二表面2412之间相比于挂扣部242超出于第一表面2411或第二表面2412而言，在堆料时，相邻的两个支撑件24之间不易钩挂，在取用一个支撑件24时，不会拉动另一个支撑件24，有利于提高生产的安全性和生产效率。
沿长度方向，支撑体241具有相对的第一端和第二端，第一端和第二端设置有挂扣部242。第一端还设置有第一阻挡件243，沿第二端指向第一端的方向，第一阻挡件243超出设置于的第一端的挂扣部242。第二端还设置有第二阻挡件，沿第一端指向第二端的方向，第二阻挡件超出设置于的第二端的挂扣部242。通过在第一端设置第一阻挡件243，第一阻挡件243沿第二端指向第一端的方向超出设置于第一凸部的挂扣部242，在第二端指向第一端的方向上，支撑件24与其他部件发生碰撞时，第一阻挡件243容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部242的可能性，降低挂扣部242损坏的可能。同样地，通过在第二端设置第二阻挡件，第二阻挡件沿第一端指向第二端的方向超出设置于第二凸部的挂扣部242，在第一端指向第二端的方向上，支撑件24与其他部件发生碰撞时，第二阻挡件容易先与其他部件碰撞，这样，能够在一定程度上降低碰撞到挂扣部242的可能性，降低挂扣部242损坏的可能。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    电极组件，具有主体部和凸出于所述主体部的极耳，所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；
    端盖组件，封闭所述开口；
    支撑件，位于所述端盖组件和所述主体部之间，所述支撑件包括支撑体和挂扣部，沿所述端盖组件的厚度方向，所述支撑体具有面向所述端盖组件的第一表面和背离所述端盖组件的第二表面，所述挂扣部设置于所述支撑体，所述挂扣部与所述端盖组件挂扣配合，所述挂扣部位于所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，所述第二表面抵靠于所述主体部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，所述极耳绕着所述支撑体弯折。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述支撑体包括本体部和凸出部，所述极耳绕着所述本体部弯折，沿所述厚度方向，所述凸出部凸出于所述本体部背离所述端盖组件的一侧，所述凸出部背离所述端盖组件的表面为所述第二表面，所述本体部面向所述端盖组件的表面为所述第一表面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述电池单体，其中，所述凸出部包括主凸部和侧凸部，所述主凸部沿所述端盖组件的宽度方向上的至少一侧设置有多个所述侧凸部，沿所述端盖组件的长度方向，多个所述侧凸部间隔排布，相邻的两个所述侧凸部之间形成有用于容纳所述极耳的容纳空间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述电池单体，其中，至少一个所述侧凸部设置有所述挂扣部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述电池单体，其中，沿所述长度方向，所述主凸部具有相对的第一端和第二端，所述第一端和/或所述第二端设置有所述侧凸部；
    位于所述第一端和/或所述第二端的所述侧凸部设置有所述挂扣部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述电池单体，其中，位于所述第一端的所述侧凸部为第一凸部，位于所述第二端的所述侧凸部为第二凸部；
    所述第一端还设置有第一阻挡件，沿所述第二端指向所述第一端的方向，所述第一阻挡件超出设置于的所述第一凸部的所述挂扣部；和/或
    所述第二端还设置有第二阻挡件，沿所述第一端指向所述第二端的方向，所述第二阻挡件超出设置于的所述第二凸部的所述挂扣部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述电池单体，其中，所述第一阻挡件和/或所述第二阻挡件上设置有抵持部，沿所述厚度方向，所述抵持部抵持于所述端盖组件。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述主凸部沿所述宽度方向上的两侧均设置有多个所述侧凸部。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，沿所述端盖组件的长度方向，所述支撑体的至少一端设置有所述挂扣部。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述电池单体，其中，沿所述长度方向，所述支撑体具有相对的第一端和第二端，所述第一端和所述第二端设置有所述挂扣部；
    所述第一端还设置有第一阻挡件，沿所述第二端指向所述第一端的方向，所述第一阻挡件超出设置于的所述第一端的所述挂扣部；和/或
    所述第二端还设置有第二阻挡件，沿所述第一端指向所述第二端的方向，所述第二阻挡件超出设置于的所述第二端的所述挂扣部。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述端盖组件朝向所述电极组件的一侧设置有第一凹部，所述支撑件至少部分容纳于所述第一凹部内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述电池单体，其中，所述支撑件容纳于所述第一凹部的部分与所述第一凹部的侧壁面之间具有间隙，所述间隙用于供所述支撑件相对于所述端盖组件活动。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述电池单体，其中，所述支撑件完全容纳于所述第一凹部。
  16. 根据权利要求13-15任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿所述端盖组件的长度方向，所述支撑件容纳于所述第一凹部的部分与所述第一凹部的侧壁面的最大间隙为D1，满足：0.2mm≤D1≤4mm。
  17. 根据权利要求13-16任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿所述端盖组件的宽度方向，所述支撑件容纳于所述第一凹部的部分与所述第一凹部的侧壁面的最大间隙为D2，满足：0.6mm≤D2≤4mm。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件，所述绝缘件位于所述端盖面向所述主体部的一侧，所述绝缘件用于绝缘隔离所述电极组件和所述端盖；
    所述挂扣部与所述绝缘件挂扣配合。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述电池单体，其中，所述端盖设置有泄压机构，沿所述端盖组件的厚度方向，所述绝缘件上形成有沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出的第一凸起，所述第一凸起内形成有用于避让所述泄压机构的第一避让空间，所述支撑件面向所述绝缘件的一侧设有第二凹部，所述第一凸起至少部分容纳于所述第二凹部内。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述电池单体，其中，所述第一凸起容纳于所述第二凹部的部分与所述第二凹部的侧壁面之间具有间隙，所述间隙用于供所述支撑件相对于所述绝缘件活动。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述电池单体，其中，所述第二凹部的侧壁面与所述第一凸起的外周面之间的最大间隙为D3，满足：0.4≤D3≤4mm。
  22. 根据权利要求19-21任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一凸起上形成有沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出的第二凸起，所述第二凸起内形成有用于避让所述泄压机构的第二避让空间，所述第二避让空间与所述第一避让空间连通，所述第二凸起抵靠于所述第二凹部的底壁面。
  23. 根据权利要求1-22任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿所述端盖组件的厚度方向，所述端盖组件的朝向所述主体部的表面与所述第二表面之间的距离为H，满足：H≤0.5mm。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述电池单体，其中，所述端盖组件的朝向所述主体部的表面与所述第二表面平齐。
  25. 一种电池，其中，包括：
    箱体；
    根据权利要求1-24任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述电池，其中，所述端盖组件设置于所述电池单体的靠近所述箱体的底壁的一侧。
  27. 一种用电设备，其中，包括根据权利要求25-26任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/119418 2022-09-16 2022-09-16 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2024055310A1 (zh)

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