WO2024048339A1 - 蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024048339A1 WO2024048339A1 PCT/JP2023/029964 JP2023029964W WO2024048339A1 WO 2024048339 A1 WO2024048339 A1 WO 2024048339A1 JP 2023029964 W JP2023029964 W JP 2023029964W WO 2024048339 A1 WO2024048339 A1 WO 2024048339A1
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- positive electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electricity storage device.
- the present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and one of its purposes is to provide a technique for improving the cycle characteristics of a power storage device.
- An embodiment of the present invention is an electricity storage device.
- This electricity storage device includes a positive electrode containing manganese dioxide, a negative electrode containing zinc, a positive electrolyte in contact with the positive electrode, a negative electrolyte in contact with the negative electrode, and an anion exchange separating the positive electrode and positive electrolyte from the negative electrode and negative electrolyte.
- the anion exchange membrane has a zinc ion permeation rate of less than 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [mol/cm 2 /24hr] and a membrane resistance of less than 12.3 [ ⁇ cm 2 ]. It is.
- the cycle characteristics of an electricity storage device can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power storage device according to an embodiment. It is a figure which shows the result of the electrochemical measurement of the electrical storage device based on each Example and each comparative example. It is a figure which shows the result of the electrochemical measurement of the electrical storage device based on each Example and each comparative example. 1 is a diagram showing the results of structural analysis of power storage devices according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power storage device 1 according to an embodiment.
- Electricity storage device 1 of this embodiment includes a positive electrode 2 , a negative electrode 4 , a positive electrolyte 6 , a negative electrolyte 8 , an anion exchange membrane 10 , and a container 12 .
- the power storage device 1 as an example is a secondary battery. Note that the power storage device 1 is not limited to the H-type cell shown in FIG. It may be of a so-called coin cell type in which a stacked body of negative electrodes 4 is housed.
- the positive electrode 2 contains manganese dioxide.
- the positive electrode 2 has a structure in which a current collector is filled with a positive electrode mixture in which manganese dioxide, an electronically conductive material, and a binder are mixed.
- a current collector is filled with a positive electrode mixture in which manganese dioxide, an electronically conductive material, and a binder are mixed.
- Any known manganese dioxide can be used, such as electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD).
- EMD electrolytic manganese dioxide
- Known electron conductive materials can be used, such as carbon black such as acetylene black (AB).
- Known binders can be used, such as polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- the mass ratio of each material in the positive electrode mixture can be set as appropriate.
- a known current collector can be used, and examples thereof include porous metal, conductive mesh, conductive expanded mesh, and conductive foam.
- the positive electrode 2 preferably includes bismuth (trivalent), magnesium (bivalent), calcium (bivalent), strontium (bivalent), barium (divalent), cerium (trivalent), nickel (divalent), It further contains at least one element or ion selected from the group consisting of cobalt (trivalent) and quaternary ammonium ions.
- bismuth (trivalent) is contained in the positive electrode 2 by adding bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) to the positive electrode mixture.
- the positive electrode 2 By including bismuth (trivalent) in the positive electrode 2, it is possible to suppress the formation of a Mn 3 O 4 spinel structure in the positive electrode 2 during discharge.
- the Mn 3 O 4 spinel structure has low electrochemical activity. Therefore, by suppressing the formation of the Mn 3 O 4 spinel structure, a reversible charge/discharge reaction can be maintained for a longer period of time. Therefore, the cycle characteristics of power storage device 1 can be improved.
- the above-mentioned elements other than bismuth (trivalent) and quaternary ammonium ions are also suitable as additives to the positive electrode 2 because they can form a layered compound that stabilizes the positive electrode structure.
- the positive electrode 2 preferably includes copper (bivalent), vanadium (pentavalent), chromium (hexavalent), iron (divalent), cobalt (divalent), selenium (tetravalent), ruthenium (tetravalent), At least one selected from the group consisting of rhodium (bivalent), rhodium (trivalent), palladium (divalent), tin (tetravalent), antimony (pentavalent), osmium (tetravalent), and lead (divalent). It further contains one type of element.
- copper (divalent) is contained in the positive electrode 2 by immersing the positive electrode mixture in an aqueous copper sulfate solution.
- Manganese which is a positive electrode active material, contributes to the reaction of the electricity storage device 1 through a manganese (bivalent)/(trivalent) redox reaction and a manganese (trivalent)/(tetravalent) redox reaction.
- the redox potential at this time is -0.6V vs. Hg/HgO, +0.1V vs. Hg/HgO.
- the redox reaction in which copper (divalent) is reduced to copper (zero valence) is in the potential range where manganese (divalent) is oxidized to manganese (tetravalent). Therefore, copper (divalent) acts as a mediator for the positive electrode active material and reduces charging/discharging overvoltage.
- the capacity of power storage device 1 can be improved.
- the other elements mentioned above other than copper (divalent) are also suitable as additives to the positive electrode 2 because similar effects can be expected.
- the positive electrode 2 may contain only one or both of an additive that contributes to structural stabilization such as bismuth, and an additive that acts as a mediator such as copper (divalent).
- the negative electrode 4 contains zinc.
- a known member can be used as the member constituting the negative electrode 4, such as a zinc plate.
- the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 4 are connected to an external circuit (not shown).
- the positive electrode electrolyte 6 is placed in contact with the positive electrode 2.
- the positive electrode 2 is immersed in the positive electrode electrolyte 6.
- a publicly known positive electrode electrolyte 6 can be used, such as an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH).
- the negative electrode electrolyte 8 is placed in contact with the negative electrode 4. As an example, the negative electrode 4 is immersed in the negative electrode electrolyte 8.
- a publicly known negative electrode electrolyte 8 can be used, such as a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution containing zinc oxide (ZnO).
- Anion exchange membrane 10 separates positive electrode 2 and positive electrode electrolyte 6 from negative electrode 4 and negative electrode electrolyte 8 . Therefore, the positive electrode 2 and the positive electrolyte 6 are placed on one side with the anion exchange membrane 10 in between, and the negative electrode 4 and the negative electrolyte 8 are placed on the other side.
- the anion exchange membrane 10 suppresses zinc ions eluted from the negative electrode 4 into the negative electrode electrolyte 8 due to the discharge reaction of the electricity storage device 1 from moving toward the positive electrode 2 side. This can suppress the manganese dioxide of the positive electrode 2 from taking in zinc ions and changing into a ZnMn 2 O 4 spinel structure.
- the ZnMn 2 O 4 spinel structure is electrochemically inert.
- anion exchange membrane 10 As the anion exchange membrane 10, a known one can be used, such as FAAM-PK-75 (manufactured by FuMA-Tech).
- the anion exchange membrane 10 has a zinc ion permeation rate of less than 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [mol/cm 2 /24hr] per 24 hours.
- the permeation rate of zinc ions in the anion exchange membrane 10 can be obtained, for example, by the following procedure. That is, the negative electrode electrolyte 8 containing zinc ions and the positive electrode electrolyte 6 not containing zinc ions are left standing for a predetermined period of time with the anion exchange membrane 10 separating them. Next, the concentration of zinc ions in the positive electrode electrolyte 6 is measured after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. Then, the molar amount of zinc ions permeating to the positive electrode electrolyte 6 side per unit time is calculated.
- the permeation rate of zinc ions can be obtained.
- the permeation rate of zinc ions in the exchange membrane laminate is determined by "zinc ion in the anion exchange membrane". permeation rate. In other words, the permeation rate of zinc ions in the exchange membrane laminate satisfies less than 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [mol/cm 2 /24hr].
- the anion exchange membrane 10 has a membrane resistance Rs of less than 12.3 [ ⁇ cm 2 ].
- the membrane resistance Rs is the product of the ion movement resistance value [ ⁇ ] in the membrane thickness direction and the effective membrane area A [cm 2 ].
- the membrane resistance Rs in the exchange membrane stack corresponds to the "membrane resistance Rs in the anion exchange membrane".
- the container 12 houses the positive electrode 2, the negative electrode 4, the positive electrolyte 6, the negative electrolyte 8, and the anion exchange membrane 10.
- a known container can be used for the container 12, such as a Ni can or a Ni-plated steel plate.
- the interior of the container 12 is divided into two spaces by the anion exchange membrane 10.
- the positive electrode 2 and the positive electrolyte 6 are housed in one space, and the negative electrode 4 and the negative electrolyte 8 are housed in the other space.
- hydroxide ions act as an active material.
- hydroxide ions pass through the anion exchange membrane 10 from the positive electrode 2 side and move to the negative electrode 4 side.
- hydroxide ions dissolved in the negative electrode electrolyte 8 are used for the reaction at the negative electrode 4 that occurs during the first discharge.
- Embodiments may be specified by the items described below.
- the anion exchange membrane (10) has a zinc ion permeation rate of less than 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [mol/cm 2 /24hr] and a membrane resistance of less than 12.3 [ ⁇ cm 2 ].
- Electricity storage device (1) a positive electrode (2) containing manganese dioxide; a negative electrode (4) containing zinc; a positive electrode electrolyte (6) in contact with the positive electrode (2); a negative electrode electrolyte (8) in contact with the negative electrode (4);
- An anion exchange membrane (10) separating
- the positive electrode (2) contains bismuth (trivalent), magnesium (bivalent), calcium (bivalent), strontium (divalent), barium (divalent), cerium (trivalent), nickel (divalent), cobalt ( further comprising at least one element or ion selected from the group consisting of trivalent), and quaternary ammonium ions;
- the electricity storage device (1) according to the first item.
- the positive electrode (2) is made of copper (bivalent), vanadium (pentavalent), chromium (hexavalent), iron (divalent), cobalt (divalent), selenium (tetravalent), ruthenium (tetravalent), rhodium ( At least one member selected from the group consisting of rhodium (trivalent), palladium (bivalent), tin (tetravalent), antimony (pentavalent), osmium (tetravalent), and lead (divalent) further contains the elements of The electricity storage device (1) according to the first item or the second item.
- EMD manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- AB manufactured by Denka Black Corporation
- PVDF manufactured by Kureha Corporation
- the obtained positive electrode mixture was
- anion exchange membrane FAAM-PK-75 (manufactured by FuMA-Tech, referred to as anion exchange membrane b) was inserted into the container, and the inside of the container was divided into two spaces.
- the effective area of the anion exchange membrane b was 3.14 cm 2 and the ion transfer resistance value in the film thickness direction was 1.1 ⁇ .
- 10 mL of a 6 mol dm ⁇ 3 KOH aqueous solution (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) was added as a positive electrode electrolyte to one space, and the positive electrode was inserted.
- Electrochemical measurements of the H-type cell were performed using an electrochemical property evaluation device (SD8, manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd.) and a resistance meter (1260, manufactured by Solartron Co., Ltd.). In electrochemical measurements, constant current charging and discharging was performed. Further, the current value was set to 30 mAg ⁇ 1 and the potential range was set to ⁇ 0.6 to +0.3 V (vs. Hg/HgO).
- the diffusivity of zinc ions ([Zn(OH) 4 ] 2 ⁇ ) through the anion exchange membrane under stationary conditions was investigated. Specifically, after producing the H-type cell, it was allowed to stand for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the positive electrode electrolyte was subjected to ICP measurement using an ICP emission spectrometer (iCAP7000, manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the zinc ions that had passed through the anion exchange membrane to the positive electrode were quantified. did. In addition, the permeation rate was calculated from the amount of zinc ions that permeated. The results of each measurement and calculation are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the H-type cell was fabricated and the electrochemical measurements were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except for this point. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- Example 4 Fabrication of an H-type cell and electrochemical Measurements and measurement of the permeation rate of zinc ions were carried out.
- the ion transfer resistance value of the three-ply anion exchange membrane a in the film thickness direction was 2.3 ⁇ .
- the effective area is the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- Example 5 Fabrication of an H-type cell, electrochemical measurement, and measurement of zinc ion permeation rate were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a two-ply anion exchange membrane a was used instead of anion exchange membrane b. did.
- the ion transfer resistance value of the two-ply anion exchange membrane a in the film thickness direction was 1.5 ⁇ .
- the effective area is the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- Example 6 Fabrication of an H-type cell, electrochemical measurement, and measurement of zinc ion permeation rate were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that two stacked anion exchange membranes b were used.
- the ion transfer resistance value of the two-ply anion exchange membrane b in the film thickness direction was 2.5 ⁇ .
- the effective area is the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing the results of electrochemical measurements of power storage devices according to each example and each comparative example.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the permeation rate of zinc ions and the capacity retention rate after 10 cycles of constant current charging and discharging.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the membrane resistance when an anion exchange membrane or a porous membrane is used and the initial capacity of each H type cell.
- Membrane resistance is the product of the ion migration resistance value in the film thickness direction and the effective membrane area in the produced electricity storage device.
- the "initial capacity” is the second discharge capacity in a charge/discharge test in which the produced electricity storage device is started from discharge and then charged and discharged repeatedly.
- Capacity retention rate is the ratio obtained by dividing the 10th discharge capacity by the first discharge capacity when the above-described charge/discharge test is repeated 10 times.
- Comparative Example 1 without an anion exchange membrane, the permeation rate of zinc ions was 17.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr. Further, in Comparative Example 2 including one anion exchange membrane a, the permeation rate of zinc ions was 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr. Therefore, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 did not satisfy the condition that the zinc ion permeation rate was less than 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it was confirmed that the reversible capacity continued to decrease as the number of charging/discharging cycles increased, and the capacity retention rate fell below 60% after 10 charging/discharging cycles.
- Example 1 to 3 with one anion exchange membrane b and Example 6 with two stacked anion exchange membranes b the permeation rate of zinc ions was 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 / It was less than 24 hr, specifically an extremely low value of 0.14 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr or less. Further, even when anion exchange membrane a is used, in Example 4, which includes three layers of anion exchange membrane a, the permeation rate of zinc ions is 7.3 ⁇ 10 -6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr. there were.
- Example 5 which includes two stacked anion exchange membranes a
- the permeation rate of zinc ions was 10.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr.
- Example 6 it was confirmed that the decrease in reversible capacity due to the increase in the number of charging and discharging cycles was suppressed, and the capacity retention rate was about 80% or more after 10 charging and discharging cycles.
- Comparative Example 3 which includes three stacked anion exchange membranes b, a high capacity retention rate was confirmed as in Examples 1 to 6 due to the suppression of permeation of zinc ions.
- Example 3 in which the positive electrode mixture contained Bi 2 O 3 , an increase in initial capacity was observed compared to Example 1 in which the positive electrode mixture did not contain Bi 2 O 3 . This is considered to be because the oxidation-reduction potential of Mn 2+ and Mn 3+ increased due to the incorporation of Bi 2 O 3 into the positive electrode, and the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material of the electricity storage device improved. Further, in Example 3 in which the positive electrode mixture contained Cu, a further increase in initial capacity was observed.
- Example 6 which includes two stacked anion exchange membranes b
- the membrane resistance was 7.9 ⁇ cm 2 , and an initial capacity equivalent to that of Example 1, which includes one anion exchange membrane b, was obtained.
- Comparative Example 3 which includes a three-ply anion exchange membrane b
- the membrane resistance was 12.3 ⁇ cm 2 and a significant decrease in initial capacity was observed.
- Example 4 which includes three layers of anion exchange membranes a, the membrane resistance was 7.2 ⁇ cm 2 , and an initial capacity equivalent to that of Example 1, which includes one anion exchange membrane b, was obtained. .
- the anion exchange membrane has a zinc ion permeation rate of less than 15.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr under static conditions, and a membrane resistance of 12.3 ⁇ cm in the electricity storage device. It was confirmed that when it is less than 2 , it can contribute to improving the performance of the electricity storage device. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the permeation rate of zinc ions is preferably 10.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol/cm 2 /24 hr or less. Further, it was confirmed that the membrane resistance was preferably 7.9 ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the present invention can be used for power storage devices.
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Abstract
Description
正極2:MnO2+2H2O+2e-→Mn(OH)2+2OH-
負極4:Zn+2OH-→ZnO+H2O+2e-
全体:Zn+MnO2+H2O→ZnO+Mn(OH)2
[第1項目]
二酸化マンガンを含む正極(2)と、
亜鉛を含む負極(4)と、
正極(2)に接する正極電解液(6)と、
負極(4)に接する負極電解液(8)と、
正極(2)および正極電解液(6)と負極(4)および負極電解液(8)とを隔てるアニオン交換膜(10)と、を備え、
アニオン交換膜(10)は、亜鉛イオンの透過速度が15.6×10-6[mol/cm2/24hr]未満であり、且つ膜抵抗が12.3[Ω・cm2]未満である、
蓄電デバイス(1)。
[第2項目]
正極(2)は、ビスマス(3価)、マグネシウム(2価)、カルシウム(2価)、ストロンチウム(2価)、バリウム(2価)、セリウム(3価)、ニッケル(2価)、コバルト(3価)、および4級アンモニウムイオンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素またはイオンをさらに含む、
第1項目に記載の蓄電デバイス(1)。
[第3項目]
正極(2)は、銅(2価)、バナジウム(5価)、クロム(6価)、鉄(2価)、コバルト(2価)、セレン(4価)、ルテニウム(4価)、ロジウム(2価)、ロジウム(3価)、パラジウム(2価)、スズ(4価)、アンチモン(5価)、オスミウム(4価)、および鉛(2価)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素をさらに含む、
第1項目または第2項目に記載の蓄電デバイス(1)。
(実施例1)
以下の手順にしたがってH型セルを作製した。具体的には、EMD(東ソー社製)、AB(デンカブラック社製)およびPVDF(クレハ社製)を混合して正極混合物を作製した。正極混合物における各成分の質量比は、EMD:AB:PVDF=60:30:10とした。得られた正極混合物を発泡Ni(ニラコ社製)内に充填して正極(作用極)を得た。また、負極(対極)として亜鉛板(ニラコ社製)を用意した。また、参照極として水銀-酸化水銀(Hg/HgO)電極を用意した。
正極混合物に、Bi2O3(高純度化学社製)を加え、正極混合物における各成分の質量比をEMD:Bi2O3:AB:PVDF=54:6:30:10として正極を得た点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定とを実施した。結果を図2および図3に示す。
0.6gのEMD(東ソー社製)に対し1mol dm-3硫酸銅水溶液(ナカライテスク社製)を100mL添加し、この混合物を48時間撹拌した。その後、混合物を吸引濾過した。濾過物を100℃で4時間乾燥させて、正極材Cu-EMDを作製した。そして、EMDに代えてCu-EMDを用いた点、および正極混合物における各成分の質量比をCu-EMD:Bi2O3:AB:PVDF=54:6:30:10として正極を得た点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定とを実施した。結果を図2および図3に示す。
アニオン交換膜bに代えて3枚重ねのアニオン交換膜AHA(ASTOM社製、アニオン交換膜aとする)を用いた点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定と、亜鉛イオンの透過速度計測とを実施した。3枚重ねのアニオン交換膜aの膜厚方向のイオン移動抵抗値は2.3Ωであった。有効面積は実施例1と同じである。結果を図2および図3に示す。
アニオン交換膜bに代えて2枚重ねのアニオン交換膜aを用いた点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定と、亜鉛イオンの透過速度計測とを実施した。2枚重ねのアニオン交換膜aの膜厚方向のイオン移動抵抗値は1.5Ωであった。有効面積は実施例1と同じである。結果を図2および図3に示す。
2枚重ねのアニオン交換膜bを用いた点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定と、亜鉛イオンの透過速度計測とを実施した。2枚重ねのアニオン交換膜bの膜厚方向のイオン移動抵抗値は2.5Ωであった。有効面積は実施例1と同じである。結果を図2および図3に示す。
アニオン交換膜bに代えて多孔体膜(オムニポアメンブレンフィルター、メルクミリポア社製)を用いた点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定とを実施した。多孔体膜の膜厚方向のイオン移動抵抗値は0.8Ωであった。有効面積は実施例1と同じである。結果を図2および図3に示す。
アニオン交換膜bに代えてアニオン交換膜aを1枚用いた点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定と、亜鉛イオンの透過速度計測とを実施した。アニオン交換膜aの膜厚方向のイオン移動抵抗値は0.6Ωであった。有効面積は実施例1と同じである。結果を図2および図3に示す。
3枚重ねのアニオン交換膜bを用いた点を除いて、実施例1と同様にH型セルの作製と、電気化学測定と、亜鉛イオンの透過速度計測とを実施した。3枚重ねのアニオン交換膜bの膜厚方向のイオン移動抵抗値は3.9Ωであった。有効面積は実施例1と同じである。結果を図2および図3に示す。
図2および図3は、各実施例および各比較例に係る蓄電デバイスの電気化学測定の結果を示す図である。図2には、亜鉛イオンの透過速度と、定電流充放電を10サイクル実施した時点における容量維持率との関係が示されている。図3には、アニオン交換膜または多孔体膜を用いた場合の膜抵抗と、各H型セルの初期容量との関係が示されている。「膜抵抗」とは、作製した蓄電デバイスにおける膜厚方向のイオン移動抵抗値と有効膜面積の積である。「初期容量」とは、作製した蓄電デバイスを用いた、放電から開始して充電と放電を繰り返し行う充放電試験における、2回目の放電容量である。「容量維持率」とは、前述の充放電試験を10回繰り返した際の10回目の放電容量を初回の放電容量で除した比率である。
実施例1および比較例1のH型セルについて、X線回折装置(RINT-2200、リガク社製)を用いて電気化学測定後の正極に対しXRD測定を実施した。結果を図4に示す。図4は、実施例1および比較例1に係る蓄電デバイスの構造解析の結果を示す図である。また、図4には、リファレンスとしてZnMn2O4スピネルの解析結果も示している。図4に示すように、比較例1の正極では、ZnMn2O4スピネル由来のピークが観測された。一方、実施例1の正極では、ZnMn2O4スピネル由来のピークが観測されなかった。実施例1の正極では、MnOOH由来のブロードピーク(2θ=37°、42°、55°)のみが観測された。このことから、少なくともアニオン交換膜bによれば二酸化マンガンの不可逆変化を抑制できることが確認された。
Claims (3)
- 二酸化マンガンを含む正極と、
亜鉛を含む負極と、
前記正極に接する正極電解液と、
前記負極に接する負極電解液と、
前記正極および前記正極電解液と前記負極および前記負極電解液とを隔てるアニオン交換膜と、を備え、
前記アニオン交換膜は、亜鉛イオンの透過速度が15.6×10-6[mol/cm2/24hr]未満であり、且つ膜抵抗が12.3[Ω・cm2]未満である、
蓄電デバイス。 - 前記正極は、ビスマス(3価)、マグネシウム(2価)、カルシウム(2価)、ストロンチウム(2価)、バリウム(2価)、セリウム(3価)、ニッケル(2価)、コバルト(3価)、および4級アンモニウムイオンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素またはイオンをさらに含む、
請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス。 - 前記正極は、銅(2価)、バナジウム(5価)、クロム(6価)、鉄(2価)、コバルト(2価)、セレン(4価)、ルテニウム(4価)、ロジウム(2価)、ロジウム(3価)、パラジウム(2価)、スズ(4価)、アンチモン(5価)、オスミウム(4価)、および鉛(2価)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素をさらに含む、
請求項1または2に記載の蓄電デバイス。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2016501425A (ja) * | 2012-11-09 | 2016-01-18 | リサーチ ファウンデーション オブ シティ ユニバーシティ オブ ニューヨーク | 高出力用途の二次亜鉛−二酸化マンガン電池 |
| JP2021502493A (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2021-01-28 | オクトパス テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッドOctopus Technologies Inc. | 電解二酸化マンガン及びその調製方法 |
| WO2021067504A2 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Anzode Inc. | Electrode assemblies incorporating ion exchange materials |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2016501425A (ja) * | 2012-11-09 | 2016-01-18 | リサーチ ファウンデーション オブ シティ ユニバーシティ オブ ニューヨーク | 高出力用途の二次亜鉛−二酸化マンガン電池 |
| JP2021502493A (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2021-01-28 | オクトパス テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッドOctopus Technologies Inc. | 電解二酸化マンガン及びその調製方法 |
| WO2021067504A2 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Anzode Inc. | Electrode assemblies incorporating ion exchange materials |
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