WO2024045073A1 - 一种连接器、通信系统和车辆 - Google Patents

一种连接器、通信系统和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024045073A1
WO2024045073A1 PCT/CN2022/116316 CN2022116316W WO2024045073A1 WO 2024045073 A1 WO2024045073 A1 WO 2024045073A1 CN 2022116316 W CN2022116316 W CN 2022116316W WO 2024045073 A1 WO2024045073 A1 WO 2024045073A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
housing
connector
beam expansion
optical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/116316
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄德富
张欣
李泉
杨辉明
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/116316 priority Critical patent/WO2024045073A1/zh
Publication of WO2024045073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024045073A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a connector, a communication system and a vehicle.
  • Automotive intelligence is an important direction in today's automobile development.
  • the Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE international) divides autonomous driving technology into six levels from L0 to L5. From L2 assisted driving to L5 autonomous driving, vehicles need to be equipped with more and more sensors to sense and identify the surrounding environment to achieve path planning and vehicle control. The data collected by the sensors need to be transmitted to the corresponding processor to achieve the corresponding autonomous driving tasks. As the size of the returned data increases, the requirements for transmission bandwidth also increase.
  • the transmission interface of vehicle cameras mainly uses coaxial cables, and the maximum transmission bandwidth of coaxial cables is 10Gbps.
  • the maximum transmission bandwidth of coaxial cables is 10Gbps.
  • multiple cables can be used and the transmission characteristics and shielding characteristics of a single cable can be improved.
  • this method will increase the cost of actual vehicle deployment and the total mass of the vehicle, affecting the cruising range of new energy vehicles or the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of traditional oil vehicles.
  • Optical fiber communication technology is widely used in the field of data communications due to its advantages of large communication capacity, long transmission distance, anti-electromagnetic interference, and light weight.
  • entertainment information systems such as the media oriented system transport (MOST) bus.
  • MOST media oriented system transport
  • the MOST bus is mainly used in entertainment information systems
  • the current MOST bus design especially the optical transmission connection design, does not have such high requirements for vehicle dustproof, waterproof and vibration resistance, and will not be able to adapt to future autonomous driving belts. coming high-bandwidth communication requirements.
  • This application provides a connector, a communication system and a vehicle, which can adapt to the high-bandwidth communication requirements in autonomous driving, and meet the vehicle's dustproof, waterproof and high vibration resistance requirements.
  • a connector in a first aspect, includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a condensing lens and a first beam expansion unit, wherein the converging lens is disposed between the photoelectric conversion unit and the first beam expansion unit, the The photoelectric conversion unit is used to realize conversion between the optical signal and the first electrical signal; the condensing lens is used to obtain the parallel light signal; the first beam expansion unit is used to obtain the optical signal with increased optical power.
  • the first beam expansion unit may be a first beam expansion lens, and refraction of the optical signal through the first beam expansion lens may increase the optical power of the optical signal, or the first beam expansion unit may also be a first beam expansion optical fiber.
  • the optical signal is reflected through the optical fiber tube, which can increase the optical power of the optical signal.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit is built into the connector, and the optical signal is transmitted between the photoelectric conversion unit, the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit.
  • the optical signal converted by the photoelectric conversion unit is sequentially output through the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit, thereby achieving spot expansion of the optical signal of the photoelectric conversion unit through the first beam expansion unit, increasing the
  • the large coupling efficiency reduces coupling accuracy requirements, effectively suppresses the impact of connector axis center drift on optical signal coupling in a vehicle vibration environment, and thereby enables large-bandwidth communication of optical signals in the vehicle environment.
  • transmitting the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber to the photoelectric conversion unit through the first beam expansion unit and the convergence lens can effectively increase the optical power of the optical signal due to optical transmission loss, increase the coupling efficiency, and reduce the Coupling accuracy requirements effectively suppress the impact of connector axis center drift on optical signal coupling in a vehicle vibration environment, thereby realizing large-bandwidth communication of optical signals in the vehicle environment.
  • the loss of current connectors during optical signal transmission is 5dB/end to 6dB/end.
  • the coupling structure of the photoelectric conversion unit, the converging lens and the first beam expansion unit in the connector in the embodiment of the present application, It can reduce the loss of optical signals during transmission to less than 2.5dB/end.
  • the use of the first beam expansion lens coupling method improves the feasibility of large-scale processing of connectors.
  • the connector further includes a light guide unit disposed between the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit, the light guide unit being used to transmit the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit.
  • the light guide unit is arranged between the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit. Structurally, the processing cost of the first beam expansion unit can be reduced. The longer the first beam expansion unit, the higher the processing cost. high.
  • the light guide unit increases the transmission length of the optical signal between the converging lens and the first beam expansion unit, and can increase the length of the connection unit that fixes the first beam expansion unit, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the connection unit.
  • the light guide unit is connected to the first beam expansion unit, which can further expand the spot of the optical signal, thereby further increasing the coupling efficiency and reducing the coupling accuracy requirements.
  • the connector further includes a first optical component connecting unit, a first fixing unit and a second fixing unit, wherein the first optical component connecting unit is used for embedding The first beam expansion unit and the light guide unit are set.
  • the first fixing unit is used to fixedly connect the photoelectric conversion unit and the condensing lens;
  • the second fixing unit is used to nestly connect the photoelectric conversion unit and the first fixed unit. unit and this second fixed unit.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit is built into the connector, and the photoelectric conversion unit, the converging lens, the light guide unit and the first beam expansion unit are fixed together through the connecting unit and the fixing unit.
  • the connection structure is simple. .
  • the condensing lens is a ball lens 15
  • the first beam expansion unit is a first beam expansion lens 18
  • the first optical component connection unit is a first conduit 17
  • the first fixing unit is the inner flange ring 14
  • the second fixing unit is the outer flange ring 110, wherein the light guide unit is fixedly connected to the first beam expander lens 18 and embedded in the first conduit.
  • the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 is embedded in the ball lens 15, and the second end 141 of the inner flange ring 14 is fixedly connected to the photoelectric conversion unit; the outer flange ring 110
  • the first end 1101 is nested in the photoelectric conversion unit and the second end 141 of the inner flange ring 14
  • the second end 1102 of the outer flange ring 110 is nested in the first end 172 of the first conduit 17 .
  • the inner diameter of the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 matches the diameter of the ball lens 15 , and the inner diameter of the second end 1102 of the outer flange ring 110 The inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 .
  • the inner diameter of the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 and the diameter of the ball lens 15 meet the protection level IP67 standard, and the inner diameter of the second end 1102 of the outer flange ring 110 The tolerance of the outer diameter of the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 meets the protection level IP67 standard.
  • the fixing member tightly connects the condensing lens, the light guide unit and the first beam expansion unit to effectively prevent dust and water, thereby preventing dust and moisture from entering the inner cavity of the optical fiber and connector, and supporting Protection level (ingress protection, IP) IP67 dustproof and waterproof level, effectively improving the protection level.
  • Protection level (ingress protection, IP) IP67 dustproof and waterproof level
  • the connector further includes a first buckle 12 and a first housing 19 , wherein the first buckle 12 is used to connect the photoelectric conversion unit, The first fixing unit, the second fixing unit, the condensing lens and the first optical component connecting unit are fixed in the first housing 19 .
  • the first buckle 12 is provided with a first baffle 121 and a fixing slot 124
  • the first housing 19 is provided with an internal lock 192, wherein the The fixing slot 124 is engaged with the internal lock 192, and through the first baffle 121, the photoelectric conversion unit, the first fixing unit, the second fixing unit, the condensing lens and the first optical component are connected.
  • the connection unit is constrained and fixed in the first housing 19 along the first direction.
  • the first buckle 12 is provided with a first lock tongue 123 and a second baffle 122
  • the first housing 19 is provided with a positioning hole 193, wherein , the first lock tongue 123 and the positioning hole 193 are snap-connected, and through the second baffle 122, the photoelectric conversion unit, the first fixing unit, the second fixing unit, the converging lens and the conduit 17, constrained and fixed in the first housing 19 along the second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit, the first fixing unit, the second fixing unit, the condensing lens and the first optical component connection unit are fixed on the first housing as a whole through the first buckle.
  • the deflection caused by vibration in the second direction can be suppressed, for example, the deflection caused by vibration in the vehicle traveling direction can be suppressed, but also the deflection caused by vibration in the first direction can be suppressed, for example, the deflection caused by the vehicle can be suppressed Deflection caused by vibrations in the vertical earth direction.
  • the connector further includes a metal shield 11 , the metal shield 11 is provided with a first lock hole 111 , and the first housing 19 is provided with a second lock.
  • the first locking hole 111 and the second locking tongue 194 are snapped together to fix the metal shield 11 on the first housing 19 .
  • the first housing 19 is fixedly provided with electrical interface pins 196 and positioning pins 195 , wherein the electrical interface pins 196 are used for transmitting external devices and printing.
  • the second electrical signal between the circuit boards; the positioning pin 195 is used to determine the position between the first housing 19 and the PCB.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit is provided with a first metal pin, wherein the first metal pin is used for transmission between the photoelectric conversion unit and the printed circuit board a second electrical signal, and the photoelectric conversion unit is used to convert the second electrical signal into the optical signal.
  • the connector integrates the photoelectric conversion unit, the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit, and the conductive unit interface is built into the first shell of the connector to realize the integration of the connector's electrical interface access and light output.
  • the optimized design reduces the design difficulty of optoelectronic hybrid connectors used in automotive environments, improves the maintainability of the connectors, and meets the requirements for stable and reliable connections in complex automotive environments.
  • the connector is miniaturized and simplified, effectively saving space for on-board ECU components.
  • the positioning pins 195 are made of insulating material, and the electrical interface pins 196 are made of conductive material.
  • the connector includes, for example, a second housing 22, the first housing 19 and the second housing 22 are plug-connected, and the first housing
  • the body 19 is provided with a positioning slot 191
  • the second housing 22 is provided with a third lock tongue 221, wherein the positioning slot 191 and the third lock tongue 221 are clamped together to connect the first shell. 19 and the second housing 22.
  • the connector further includes a waterproof rubber strip 21 disposed between the first housing 19 and the second housing 22 .
  • the second housing 22 is provided with an annular groove 225 , and the waterproof rubber strip 21 is installed on the annular groove 225 to connect the first housing 19 and the inner wall of the second housing 22 .
  • the connector further includes an optical component 24, and the optical component 24 includes an optical fiber 243, wherein the optical fiber 243 is connected to the first beam expansion unit.
  • the line end part cooperates with the optical path transmission of the connector to realize the output of optical signals.
  • the optical assembly 24 further includes a second beam expansion unit, wherein the second beam expansion unit is disposed between the first beam expansion unit and the optical fiber 243 .
  • the second beam expansion unit may be a second beam expansion lens, and refraction of the optical signal through the second beam expansion lens may increase the optical power of the optical signal, or the second beam expansion unit may also be a second beam expansion fiber.
  • the optical signal is reflected through the optical fiber tube, which can increase the optical power of the optical signal.
  • the second beam expansion unit can further reduce the impact on the coupling rate of the optical signal caused by the offset of the connection between the first housing and the second housing due to the vehicle vibration environment.
  • the optical component 24 further includes a second optical component connection unit, wherein the second optical component connection unit is used to nest the second beam expansion unit and the Fiber Optic 243.
  • the second optical component connection unit is used for nesting optical fibers 243 .
  • the second optical component connection unit is a second conduit 242, wherein the second beam expansion unit is fixedly connected to one end of the optical fiber 243 and is embedded in the in the inner cavity 2421 of the second conduit 242 .
  • the connector further includes an electrical component 25 .
  • the electrical component 25 includes a conductive unit 251 and a cable 252 , wherein one end of the conductive unit 251 and an end of the cable 252 One end is plugged together, the cable 252 is connected to an external device, and the conductive unit 251 is used to transmit a second electrical signal between the external device and the printed circuit board; the second housing 22 is provided with a conductive unit jack 223, the The other end of the conductive unit 251 is inserted into the conductive unit jack 223 and connected to the electrical interface pin 196 .
  • the connector further includes a second buckle 23 , the second buckle 23 is provided with a second lock hole 231 , and the second housing 22 is provided with a third lock hole 231 .
  • Four locking tongues 224 wherein the second buckle 23 and the fourth locking tongue 224 are locked together through the second locking hole 231 to fix the optical component 24 in the second housing 22 .
  • the second buckle fixes the electrical component, the optical component and the second housing in the line end part together, suppressing the vibration from the second direction and the first direction in the vehicle vibration environment. To the effect of anti-vibration.
  • the first housing 19 is made of insulating material
  • the second housing 22 is made of insulating material
  • a second aspect provides a communication system, which includes the connector of the first aspect and any implementation of the first aspect.
  • a third aspect provides a vehicle including the communication system of the second aspect.
  • Vehicles in this application may include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or entertainment equipment, etc.
  • vehicles can be transportation vehicles such as commercial vehicles, passenger cars, motorcycles, flying cars, trains, etc.; industrial vehicles such as forklifts, trailers, tractors, etc.; engineering vehicles such as excavators, bulldozers, cranes, etc.; and agricultural equipment.
  • a vehicle may be a vehicle in a broad sense, including, for example, airplanes, ships, and other means of transportation.
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a connector structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the board end part and the line end part of a connector provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 3 is an overall exploded schematic diagram of a connector provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic assembly diagram of a connector provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a plate end portion provided by an embodiment of the present application from one perspective;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic assembly diagram of a plate end part provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded schematic diagram of a plate end portion provided by an embodiment of the present application from another perspective;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic assembly diagram of a line end part provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is an exploded schematic diagram from one perspective of a line end portion provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded schematic diagram from another perspective of a line end part provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication; it can be direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediary, it can be internal connection of two elements or interaction of two elements relation.
  • Optical fiber communication is a transmission method that uses light waves as the information carrier and optical fiber as the transmission medium.
  • Optical fiber connectors are used in optical fiber communications for connections between optical cables, between optical cables and optoelectronic components, and between optoelectronic components. It precisely butts the end faces of two optical fibers that need to be connected, so that the light energy output by the transmitting fiber can be coupled into the receiving fiber to the maximum extent.
  • the optical module is an important optical signal interface device in optical fiber communication. It has an optical interface and an electrical interface.
  • the optical interface is connected to the optical fiber to transmit optical signals, and the electrical interface is connected to the external communication terminal equipment.
  • the current optical and electrical hybrid connector can realize the transmission of optical and electrical signals by adding conductive pins under the plastic elastic card.
  • this optical and electrical hybrid connector cannot meet the requirements of the vehicle environment. For example, first, there is no dust-proof and waterproof structure at the end of the fixed pin of the optical fiber, which makes the optical-electrical hybrid connector unable to meet the dust-proof and waterproof requirements in the vehicle environment; second, there is no fixed structural part between the cable and the conductive pin, making it impossible to It meets the anti-vibration requirements in the vehicle environment. It is easy to be damaged after long-term use or collision, and there is a risk of short circuit. Third, the optical and electrical hybrid connectors are all connections between line end parts, which cannot meet the anti-vibration requirements of the vehicle environment. If It needs to be connected to the vehicle circuit board, which increases the connection cost of the system.
  • a 650nm LED emitter and a plastic optical fiber with an inner core of 1mm are used, and the end of the optical fiber is covered and fixed by a metal hoop.
  • This solution can avoid fiber coupling instability and misalignment at both ends.
  • the optical fiber end of the connector in this solution is not sealed and filled with structural parts, and the matching tolerance between the metal parts and the shell is not designed to be dustproof and waterproof. Dust and moisture can easily enter and affect optical fiber communication.
  • the structure of the connector cannot meet the high bandwidth requirements in the automotive field.
  • the connector proposed in the embodiment of this application is suitable for large-bandwidth transmission for optical access or optical transmission, provides power transmission and configuration management for sensor equipment, and meets the requirements of vehicle dustproof, waterproof and vibration resistance.
  • vehicles can include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or entertainment equipment, etc.
  • vehicles can be transportation vehicles (such as commercial vehicles, passenger cars, motorcycles, flying cars, trains, etc.), industrial vehicles (such as forklifts, trailers, tractors, etc.), engineering vehicles (such as excavators, bulldozers, etc.) Cranes, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as lawn mowers, harvesters, etc.), amusement equipment, toy vehicles, etc.
  • transportation vehicles such as commercial vehicles, passenger cars, motorcycles, flying cars, trains, etc.
  • industrial vehicles such as forklifts, trailers, tractors, etc.
  • engineering vehicles such as excavators, bulldozers, etc.) Cranes, etc.
  • agricultural equipment such as lawn mowers, harvesters, etc.
  • amusement equipment toy vehicles, etc.
  • a vehicle may be a vehicle in a broad sense, including, for example, airplanes, ships, and other means of transportation.
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a connector structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the connector includes a board end portion 1 and a wire end portion 2.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the board end part and the line end part of a connector provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the plate end portion 1 includes a first housing 19, and the line end portion 2 includes a second housing 22, wherein the plate end portion 1 and the line end portion 2 pass through the first housing 19 and the second housing. 22 pairs of plug connections.
  • the first housing 19 can be provided with a positioning slot 191
  • the second housing 22 can be provided with a third lock tongue 221
  • the first housing 19 and the second housing can be connected through the positioning slot 191 .
  • the groove 191 and the third locking tongue 221 are fixedly matched for plug-in connection, thereby tightly connecting the plate end portion 1 and the line end portion 2 .
  • Figure 3 is an overall exploded schematic diagram of a connector provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the line end part 2 may also include a waterproof rubber strip 21, and the board end part 1 and the line end part 2 may be connected through the first shell 19, the waterproof rubber strip 21 and the second shell 22, wherein the waterproof The rubber strip 21 is arranged between the first housing 19 and the second housing 22 .
  • Figure 4 is a schematic assembly diagram of a connector provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first housing 19 may be provided with a positioning slot 191
  • the second housing 22 may be provided with an annular groove 225.
  • the positioning slot 191 and the third lock tongue 221 are fixedly matched, and by
  • the waterproof rubber strip 21 is installed on the annular groove 225 and connects the inner wall of the first housing 19 and the inner wall of the second housing 22 .
  • the waterproof rubber strip 21 can also be installed on the first housing 19.
  • the first housing 19 is provided with an annular groove. What is shown in Figure 4 is only one possible implementation.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a plate end portion provided by an embodiment of the present application from one perspective.
  • the plate end portion 1 includes a photoelectric conversion unit 13, a condensing lens and a first beam expansion unit, wherein the condensing lens is disposed between the photoelectric conversion unit and the first beam expansion unit, and the photoelectric conversion unit 13 is used to realize optical signals and the first beam expansion unit. Conversion between electrical signals; a converging lens, used to obtain parallel light signals; a first beam expansion unit, used to obtain optical signals with increased optical power.
  • the plate end part 1 also includes a first housing 19, and the optoelectronic conversion unit 13, the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit may be disposed inside the first housing 19.
  • the condensing lens may be a ball lens 5
  • the condensing lens may also be other devices that can focus the optical signal emitted by the photoelectric conversion unit 13 and turn it into a parallel light signal. This is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first beam expansion unit can be a first beam expansion lens, and the optical signal can be refracted through the first beam expansion lens to increase the optical power of the optical signal, or the first beam expansion lens can also be a first beam expansion fiber tube, through which The optical fiber tube reflects the optical signal and can increase the optical power of the optical signal.
  • the following description takes the first beam expansion unit as the first beam expansion lens 18 as an example.
  • optical signal emission point of the photoelectric conversion unit 13 the center point of the converging lens, and the central axis of the first beam expander lens are on a straight line.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit is built into the plate end part, and the optical signal is transmitted between the photoelectric conversion unit, the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit.
  • the optical signal converted by the photoelectric conversion unit is sequentially output through the condensing lens and the first beam expander lens, thereby achieving spot expansion of the optical signal of the photoelectric conversion unit through the first beam expander lens, increasing the
  • the large coupling efficiency reduces coupling accuracy requirements, effectively suppresses the impact of connector axis center drift on optical signal coupling in a vehicle vibration environment, and thereby enables large-bandwidth communication of optical signals in the vehicle environment.
  • transmitting the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber to the photoelectric conversion unit through the first beam expansion unit and the convergence lens can effectively increase the optical power of the optical signal due to optical transmission loss, increase the coupling efficiency, and reduce the Coupling accuracy requirements effectively suppress the impact of connector axis center drift on optical signal coupling in a vehicle vibration environment, thereby realizing large-bandwidth communication of optical signals in the vehicle environment.
  • the loss of current connectors during optical signal transmission is 5dB/end to 6dB/end.
  • the connector in the embodiment of the present application can be used as a transmitting device for optical signals.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 13 acquires the first electrical signal, converts the first electrical signal into an optical signal, and passes the optical signal through the above-mentioned converging lens. and output from the first beam expander lens 18.
  • the optical signal output at this time can be understood as an uplink optical signal.
  • the connector in the embodiment of the present application can also be used as a receiving device for optical signals.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 13 receives the optical signal through the above-mentioned first beam expanding lens 18 and the condensing lens, and converts the optical signal into a third electrical signal. A third optical signal is output.
  • the received optical signal can be understood as a downlink optical signal.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit whether the connector is used for receiving optical signals or for transmitting optical signals.
  • the following description mainly takes the connector as an optical signal transmitting device as an example.
  • the plate end part 1 also includes a first optical component connecting unit, a first fixing unit and a second fixing unit, wherein the first optical component connecting unit is used for nesting the first beam expander lens 18 and the first fixing unit is used for fixed connection.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 13 and the converging lens; the second fixing unit is used to nestly connect the photoelectric conversion unit 13, the first fixing unit and the first optical component connection unit.
  • the first optical component connection unit shown in Figure 5 may be the first conduit 17, which is a possible first optical component connection unit.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the first optical component connection unit. It can be a material with a certain hardness and anti-vibration effect, such as metal or hard plastic.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic assembly diagram of a plate end part provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first fixing unit and the second fixing unit are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first fixing unit may be an inner flange ring 14.
  • the second fixing unit may be an outer flange ring 110 .
  • the inner flange ring 14 shown in Figure 5 is only one possible specific form of the first fixing unit.
  • the outer flange ring 110 shown in Figure 6 is only one possible specific form of the second fixing unit.
  • the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 is embedded in the ball lens 15 , and the second end 141 of the inner flange ring 14 is fixedly connected to the photoelectric conversion unit 13 ;
  • One end 1101 is nested in the photoelectric conversion unit 13 and the second end 141 of the inner flange ring 14
  • the second end 1102 of the outer flange ring 110 is nested in the first end 172 of the first conduit 17 (as shown in FIG. 5 ).
  • the inner diameter of the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 matches the diameter of the ball lens 15
  • the inner diameter of the second end 1102 of the outer flange ring 110 matches the outer diameter of the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 .
  • the tolerances of the inner diameter of the first end 142 of the inner flange ring 14 and the diameter of the ball lens 15 meet the protection level IP67 standard, and the inner diameter of the second end 1102 of the outer flange ring 110 and the inner flange The tolerance fit of the outer diameter of the first end 142 of the ring 14 meets IP67 standards for protection.
  • the fixing member closely connects the condensing lens, the light guide unit and the first beam expansion unit, which can effectively prevent dust and water from entering the inner cavity of the optical fiber and connector. , supports IP67 dustproof and waterproof level, effectively improving the protection level.
  • the plate end part 1 also includes a light guide unit disposed between the condensing lens and the first beam expander lens 18.
  • the light guide unit may be an optical fiber ferrule 16.
  • the following description takes the light guide unit as an optical fiber ferrule 16 as an example.
  • the light guide unit is arranged between the condensing lens and the first beam expansion unit. Structurally, the processing cost of the first beam expansion unit can be reduced. The longer the first beam expansion unit, the higher the processing cost. high.
  • the light guide unit increases the transmission length of the optical signal between the converging lens and the first beam expansion unit, and can increase the length of the connection unit that fixes the first beam expansion unit, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the connection unit.
  • the light guide unit is connected to the first beam expansion unit, which can further expand the spot of the optical signal, thereby further increasing the coupling efficiency and reducing the coupling accuracy requirements.
  • the parallel optical signal converted by the optical signal through the condensing lens passes through the optical fiber ferrule 16 and is incident on the first beam expander lens 18 .
  • the first optical component connection unit can also be used to nest the first beam expander lens 18 and the optical fiber ferrule 16 .
  • the optical fiber ferrule 16 and the first beam expander lens 18 are fixedly connected and embedded in the inner cavity 171 of the first conduit 17 middle.
  • one end of the first beam expander lens 18 and one end of the optical fiber ferrule 16 may be connected through glue or other media capable of transmitting optical signals, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first beam expander lens 18 can be made by combining and sintering materials with different light refractive indexes. It should be understood that only one method of manufacturing the first beam expander lens is provided here, and the first beam expander lens can also be manufactured by other methods, which is not limited by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit is built into the plate end part, and the photoelectric conversion unit, the condensing lens, the light guide unit and the first beam expansion unit are fixed together through fasteners in an integrated design, and the connection structure Simple.
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded schematic diagram from another perspective of a plate end provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the plate end part 1 may also include a first buckle 12 .
  • the first buckle 12 fixes the photoelectric conversion unit 13, the first fixing unit, the second fixing unit, the condensing lens and the first optical component connection unit in the first housing 19.
  • the first buckle 12 fixes the photoelectric conversion unit 13 , the inner flange ring 14 , the outer flange ring 110 , the ball lens 15 and the first conduit 17 in the first housing 19 .
  • the fixing slot 124 of the first buckle 12 is engaged with the internal lock 192 of the first housing 19 , and through the first baffle 121 of the first buckle 12 , the photoelectric The conversion unit 13, the inner flange ring 14, the outer flange ring 110, the ball lens 15 and the first conduit 17 are constrained and fixed in the first housing 19 along the first direction.
  • the first lock tongue 123 of the first buckle 12 is engaged with the positioning hole 193 of the first housing 19 , and the photoelectric conversion unit is connected through the second baffle 122 of the first buckle 12 .
  • the inner flange ring 14, the outer flange ring 110, the ball lens 15 and the first conduit 17 are constrained and fixed on the first housing 19 along the second direction. It should be understood that the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the second direction and the first direction.
  • the second direction may be the vehicle forward direction in the vehicle coordinate system, and the first direction may be the vehicle yaw direction in the vehicle coordinate system;
  • the second direction may be the forward direction of the vehicle in the vehicle coordinate system, and the first direction may be the direction of the vehicle perpendicular to the ground in the vehicle coordinate system.
  • the second direction and the first direction in the embodiment of the present application can be any direction.
  • the second direction and the first direction in the illustration are only for illustration purposes and do not affect the performance of the connector.
  • the deployment position in the vehicle is limiting.
  • outer flange ring 110 is only shown in the assembly view of the plate end portion in FIG. 6 , and is not shown in the exploded views of the plate end portion from two viewing angles.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit, the first fixing unit, the second fixing unit, the condensing lens and the first optical component connection unit are fixed on the first housing as a whole through the first buckle.
  • the deflection caused by vibration in the second direction for example, the deflection caused by vibration in the vehicle traveling direction be suppressed, but also the deflection caused by vibration in the first direction, for example, Suppresses the deflection caused by vehicle vibration in the vertical earth direction.
  • the plate end part 1 may also include a metal shield 11 .
  • the metal shield 11 can be provided with a first lock hole 111 , and the first housing 19 is provided with a second lock tongue 194 .
  • the metal shield 11 can pass through the first lock hole 111 and the second lock tongue 194 fixed on the first housing 19.
  • the position of the first lock hole 111 in the metal shield 11 and the position of the second lock tongue 194 in the first housing correspond to each other.
  • the embodiment of the present application has different effects on the positions of the first lock hole 111 and the second lock tongue 194 and the position of the second lock tongue 194 in the first housing. There is no limit on quantity.
  • the positions and numbers of the first lock holes 111 and the second lock tongues 194 shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 are only examples.
  • the first housing 19 is provided with positioning pins 195 and electrical interface pins 196
  • the metal shield 11 is provided with second metal pins 112.
  • the two metal pins 112 connect the board end part 1 and the printed circuit board (PCB), and the electrical interface pin 196 is used to transmit a second electrical signal between the external device and the PCB.
  • the electrical interface pin 196 can be welded on the PCB, and the second metal pin 112 can be welded on the PCB.
  • the positioning pin 195 is used to determine the relative positional relationship between the board end part and the PCB.
  • the material of the positioning pin 195 may be an insulating material, such as plastic.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific position and specific material of the positioning pin 195 .
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 13 is provided with a first metal pin 131, through which the photoelectric conversion unit 13 and the PCB are connected.
  • the first metal pin 131 is used to transmit the third signal between the photoelectric conversion unit 13 and the PCB.
  • An electrical signal, the photoelectric conversion unit 13 is used to convert the first electrical signal into an optical signal.
  • the first metal pin 131 is soldered on the PCB.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 13 includes a photoelectric converter chip (for example, a laser chip).
  • the first electrical signal on the PCB is transmitted to the photoelectric converter chip of the photoelectric conversion unit 13 through the first metal pin 131.
  • the photoelectric converter emits a modulated After the uplink optical signal is focused by the ball lens 15, it enters the first conduit 17 and is refracted to the first beam expander lens 18 through the optical fiber ferrule 16, thereby realizing large-bandwidth transmission of the uplink optical signal.
  • the electrical interface pin 196 is used to implement the second electrical signal transmission between the external device and the PCB, for example, to implement the electrical signal transmission between the sensor and the PCB. That is, the electrical interface pin 196 is used to realize the power supply of external equipment and the configuration of small-bandwidth electrical signals.
  • the PCB receives the electrical signals from the external equipment, that is, the downlink electrical signals.
  • the downlink electrical signal transmission path is shown in Figure 4, which will be combined with the line. The end part is explained in detail.
  • the board end part of the connector integrates the photoelectric conversion unit and the first beam expansion lens, and the conductive unit interface is built into the first shell of the board end part to realize the board end part electrical power.
  • the integrated design of interface access and optical output reduces the difficulty of connector design, improves the maintainability of the board end part, and meets the needs of stable and reliable connections in complex automotive environments.
  • the board end part is miniaturized and simplified, effectively saving space for on-board ECU components.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic assembly diagram of a line end part provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the line end part 2 also includes an optical component 24 , the optical component 24 includes an optical fiber 243 , and the optical fiber 243 can be connected to the first beam expansion lens 18 .
  • the parallel optical signal is incident on the optical fiber 243 from the first beam expansion lens 18 of the plate end portion 1 .
  • the line end part cooperates with the optical path transmission of the board end part to realize the output of optical signals.
  • the optical component 24 further includes a second optical component connection unit, where the second optical component connection unit is used for nesting the optical fiber 243 .
  • the second optical component connection unit shown in Figure 8 may be a second conduit 242, and the second conduit 242 is a second optical component connection unit.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the second optical component connection unit. It can be a material with a certain hardness and anti-vibration effect, such as metal or hard plastic.
  • the optical assembly 24 further includes a second beam expansion unit disposed between the first beam expansion unit and the optical fiber 243 .
  • the second beam expansion unit may be a second beam expansion lens 241, and refraction of the optical signal through the second beam expansion lens 241 may increase the optical power of the optical signal, or the second beam expansion lens may also be a second beam expansion lens 241.
  • a bundle of optical fiber tubes reflects the optical signal through the optical fiber tube, which can increase the optical power of the optical signal.
  • the following description takes the second beam expansion unit as the second beam expansion lens 241 as an example.
  • the optical signal enters the optical fiber 243 from the first beam expander lens 18 through the second beam expander lens 241 .
  • the second beam expansion lens of the line end part can further reduce the impact of the offset on the coupling rate of the optical signal due to the vibration environment of the vehicle that causes the connection between the board end and the line end.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded schematic diagram from one perspective of a line end part provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second beam expansion lens 241 is fixedly connected to one end of the optical fiber 243 and is embedded in the inner cavity 2421 of the second conduit 242 (as shown in FIG. 9 ). After the first housing 19 and the second housing 22 are plugged and connected, the second beam expanding lens 241 and the first beam expanding lens 18 are connected in contact.
  • the second beam expander lens 241 and the optical fiber 243 can be connected through glue or other media that can transmit optical signals, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the second housing 22 is provided with a lock 222 , and the second optical component connection unit 242 is fixed in the second housing 22 through the lock 222 .
  • the first beam expansion lens 18 in the plate end part 1 and the second beam expansion lens 18 in the line end part 2 The beam expansion lenses 241 are attached to each other to realize the transmission of optical signals between the optical fiber 243 and the photoelectric conversion unit 13 .
  • the parallel optical signal enters the optical contact 242 of the line end portion 2 from the first beam expansion lens 18 of the board end portion 1, and passes through The second beam expansion lens 24 is incident on the optical fiber 243, thereby realizing large-bandwidth transmission of uplink light.
  • the line end portion 2 also includes an electrical component 25.
  • the electrical component 25 includes a conductive unit 251 and a cable 252, wherein the electrical signal of the external device passes through the cable 252 and passes through the conductive unit 251 and the first housing 19. Interface pin 196, transmitted to the printed circuit board PCB.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded schematic diagram from another perspective of a line end part provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second housing 2 is also provided with a conductive unit socket 223. As shown in FIG. 10 , one end of the conductive unit 251 and one end of the cable 252 are plugged together, and the other end of the conductive unit 251 can be inserted into the conductive unit jack 223 to fix the electrical component 25 on the second housing 2 .
  • the conductive unit jack 223 shown in FIG. 9 is used to connect the electrical interface pins 196 of the first housing 19 of the board end part 1 and the conductive unit 251.
  • the electrical interface pins 196 of the first housing 19 shown in Figure 7 are inserted, as shown in Figure 9
  • the electrical interface pin 196 is connected to the conductive unit 251 to realize the transmission of electrical signals.
  • the downstream electrical signal is transmitted through the cable 252 , the conductive unit 251 , and then the electrical interface pin 196 to the PCB.
  • the line end part 2 further includes a second buckle 23 , the second buckle 23 is provided with a second lock hole 231 , and the second housing 22 is provided with a fourth lock tongue 224 .
  • the second buckle 23 is locked together through the second lock hole 231 and the fourth lock tongue 224 to constrain and fix the optical component 24 in the second housing 22 .
  • the second buckle fixes the electrical component, the optical component and the second housing in the line end part together, suppressing the vibration from the second direction and the first direction in the vehicle vibration environment. , plays the role of anti-vibration.
  • the number of optical transmission channels in the board end part 1 and the line end part 2 is 1
  • the number of optical transmission channels shown in the drawing is 1. Therefore, if there are multiple optical signals for transmission, the photoelectric conversion unit 13, the ball lens 15, the first conduit 17, the first beam expander lens 18, and the line end part 2 in the board end part 1 in the embodiment of the present application can be used.
  • the number of holes for optical transmission channels in the first housing 19 and the second housing 22 is the same as the number of optical signal transmission paths.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the number of electrical transmission channels in the board end part 1 and the line end part 2.
  • the number of electrical transmission channels shown in the drawings is 4, as shown in Figure 7
  • the number of electrical interface pins 196 on the first housing 19 , the number of conductive unit jacks on the second housing 22 , the number of electrical components 25 and the number of electrical signal transmission paths are the same.
  • the housing material of the connector in the embodiment of the present application is a non-conductive material, and may be an insulating material such as plastic.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • simple and universal structural parts are used to fix the photoelectric conversion unit, optical components, electrical components and other components inside the connector housing through simple installation methods such as nesting and buckling.
  • the structure is simple and reliable.
  • the process is simple to implement, low in cost and easy to produce and install.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种连接器、通信系统和车辆，该连接器包括光电转换单元、汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元。其中，汇聚透镜设置于光电转换单元和第一扩束单元之间，光电转换单元，用于实现光信号和第一电信号之间的转换；汇聚透镜，用于得到平行光信号；第一扩束单元，用于得到光功率增大后的光信号。这样，第一扩束单元可以对光信号的扩斑，增大耦合效率，降低了耦合精度要求，有效抑制车载振动环境下，连接器轴中心漂移对光信号耦合的影响，进而实现了车载环境中光信号的大带宽通信。

Description

一种连接器、通信系统和车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种连接器、通信系统和车辆。
背景技术
汽车智能化是现今汽车发展的一个重要方向，国际自动机工程师学会(society of automotive engineers international,SAE international)将自动驾驶技术分为L0至L5共六个等级。从L2辅助驾驶至L5的无人驾驶，车辆需要搭载越来越多的传感器，来对周围环境进行感知识别，以实现路径规划和整车控制。传感器采集的数据需要传给相应的处理器，以实现相应的自动驾驶任务。随着回传的数据大小的增大，对传输带宽的要求也日益增加。
目前，车载摄像头传输的接口主要采用同轴线缆，同轴线缆的传输带宽的最高速率为10Gbps。为了支持更高的传输速率，可以通过使用多根线缆以及提升单根线缆的传输特性和屏蔽特性。但是，这种方式将增加实车部署的成本以及车辆的总质量，影响新能源车辆的续航里程或者传统油车的百公里油耗。
因此，随着对车载数据高传输速率的需求，尤其是10Gbps以上的数据传输速率，光传输的优势逐渐显现。光纤通信技术由于其具有通信容量大、传输距离长、抗电磁干扰和重量轻等优点，广泛应用于数据通信领域。目前，车载光通信应用仅限于娱乐信息系统，例如，面向媒体的系统传输(media oriented system transport,MOST)总线，MOST总线仅用于视频和音频的实时传输，最高带宽只有150Mbps。此外，由于MOST总线主要应用于娱乐信息系统，因此，目前的MOST总线设计，尤其是光传输连接设计，对车载的防尘防水以及抗振要求都没有那么高，也就无法适应未来自动驾驶带来的高带宽通信要求。
因此，如何设计一种适应高带宽通信要求的车载连接器，是一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种连接器、通信系统和车辆，可以适应于自动驾驶中的高带宽通信要求，并且满足车载防尘防水以及高抗振要求。
第一方面，提供了一种连接器，该连接器包括光电转换单元、汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元，其中，该汇聚透镜设置于该光电转换单元和该第一扩束单元之间，该光电转换单元，用于实现光信号和第一电信号之间的转换；该汇聚透镜，用于得到平行光信号；该第一扩束单元，用于得到光功率增大后的光信号。
应理解，第一扩束单元可以是第一扩束透镜，通过第一扩束透镜对光信号进行折射可以增大光信号的光功率，或者第一扩束单元还可以是第一扩束光纤管，通过光纤管对光信号进行反射，可以增大光信号的光功率。
在本申请中，将光电转换单元内置于连接器中，光信号在光电转换单元、汇聚透镜以及第一扩束单元之间传输。对于上行光信号传输而言，将通过光电转换单元转换后的光信 号依次通过汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元输出，实现了通过第一扩束单元对光电转换单元的光信号的扩斑，增大耦合效率，降低了耦合精度要求，有效抑制车载振动环境下，连接器轴中心漂移对光信号耦合的影响，进而实现了车载环境中光信号的大带宽通信。对于下行光信号传输而言，将光纤传输的光信号通过第一扩束单元、汇聚透镜传输至光电转换单元，可以有效增大光传输损耗的光信号的光功率，增大耦合效率，降低了耦合精度要求，有效抑制车载振动环境下，连接器轴中心漂移对光信号耦合的影响，进而实现了车载环境中光信号的大带宽通信。例如，目前的连接器，在光信号传输过程中的损耗是5dB/端至6dB/端，通过本申请实施例中的连接器中光电转换单元、汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元耦合的结构，可以将光信号在传输过程中的损耗降低至小于2.5dB/端。除此以外，采用第一扩束透镜耦合的方式，提升了连接器大规模加工的可行性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括设置在该汇聚透镜和该第一扩束单元之间的导光单元，该导光单元用于传输该汇聚透镜和该第一扩束单元之间的光信号。
在本申请中，将导光单元设置在汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元之间，在结构上，可以降低对第一扩束单元的加工成本，越长的第一扩束单元的加工成本越高。导光单元增加了汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元之间光信号的传输长度，可以增长固定第一扩束单元的连接单元的长度，从而降低该连接单元的加工难度。在功能上，导光单元和第一扩束单元连接，可以进一步对光信号的扩斑，从而进一步增大耦合效率，降低了耦合精度要求。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括第一光组件连接单元、第一固定单元和第二固定单元，其中，该第一光组件连接单元用于嵌套该第一扩束单元和该导光单元，该第一固定单元用于固定连接该光电转换单元和该汇聚透镜；该第二固定单元用于嵌套连接该光电转换单元、该第一固定单元和该第二固定单元。
在本申请中，将光电转换单元内置于连接器中，并通过连接单元和固定单元将光电转换单元、汇聚透镜、导光单元和第一扩束单元固定在一起的一体化设计，连接结构简单。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该汇聚透镜为球透镜15，该第一扩束单元为第一扩束透镜18，该第一光组件连接单元为第一导管17，该第一固定单元为内法兰环14，该第二固定单元为外法兰环110，其中，该导光单元和该第一扩束透镜18固定连接，并内嵌于该第一导管17的内腔171中；该内法兰环14的第一端142卡嵌该球透镜15，该内法兰环14的第二端141固定连接该光电转换单元；该外法兰环110的第一端1101嵌套该光电转换单元和该内法兰环14的第二端141，该外法兰环110嵌套的第二端1102嵌套该第一导管17的第一端172。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该内法兰环14的第一端142的内径和该球透镜15的直径配合，该外法兰环110的第二端1102的内径和该内法兰环14的第一端142的外径配合。
作为一种可能的实现方式，该内法兰环14的第一端142的内径和该球透镜15的直径的公差配合满足防护等级IP67标准，该外法兰环110的第二端1102的内径和该内法兰环14的第一端142的外径的公差配合满足防护等级IP67标准。
在本申请中，固定件将汇聚透镜、导光单元以及第一扩束单元紧密连接在一起可以有效起到防尘防水的作用，从而防止尘土和水分进入光纤和连接器的内腔中，支持防护等级 (ingress protection,IP)IP67的防尘防水等级，有效提高防护等级。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括第一卡扣12和第一壳体19，其中，该第一卡扣12，用于将该光电转换单元、该第一固定单元、该第二固定单元、该汇聚透镜和该第一光组件连接单元固定在该第一壳体19中。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一卡扣12设置有第一挡板121和固定卡槽124，该第一壳体19设置有内部锁扣192，其中该固定卡槽124和该内部锁扣192卡嵌连接，并且通过该第一挡板121，将该光电转换单元、该第一固定单元、该第二固定单元、该汇聚透镜和该第一光组件连接单元，沿第一方向约束固定在该第一壳体19中。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一卡扣12设置有第一锁舌123和第二挡板122，该第一壳体19设置有定位卡孔193，其中，该第一锁舌123和该定位卡孔193卡嵌连接，并且通过该第二挡板122，将该光电转换单元、该第一固定单元、该第二固定单元、该汇聚透镜和该导管17，沿第二方向约束固定在该第一壳体19中，其中该第一方向和该第二方向垂直。
在本申请中，通过第一卡扣，将光电转换单元、第一固定单元、第二固定单元、汇聚透镜和第一光组件连接单元形成的一个整体固定在第一壳体上，在车载振动环境中，不仅可以抑制第二方向上振动带来的偏移，例如，抑制车辆行驶方向上的振动带来的偏移，还可以抑制第一方向上振动带来的偏移，例如，抑制车辆垂直大地方向上的振动带来的偏移。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括金属屏蔽罩11，该金属屏蔽罩11设置有第一锁孔111，该第一壳体19设置有第二锁舌194，其中，通过该第一锁孔111和该第二锁舌194卡接在一起，将该金属屏蔽罩11固定在该第一壳体19上。
在本申请中，通过在连接器的第一壳体外部安装金属屏蔽罩，可以屏蔽外部电磁干扰，保证光电传输。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一壳体19固定设置电接口管脚196和定位管脚195，其中，该电接口管脚196用于传输外部设备和印刷电路板之间的第二电信号；该定位管脚195用于确定该第一壳体19和该PCB之间的位置。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该光电转换单元设置有第一金属管脚，其中，该第一金属管脚用于传输该光电转换单元和该印刷电路板之间的第二电信号，该光电转换单元用于将该第二电信号转换成该光信号。
在本申请中，连接器将光电转换单元、汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元集成在一起，并且将导电单元接口内置在连接器的第一壳体中，实现连接器电接口接入和光输出一体化的设计，降低了光电混合连接器应用于车载环境的设计难度，提升了连接器的可维护性，并满足车载复杂汽车环境的稳定可靠连接。与此同时，连接器小型化和简约化，有效节省了车载ECU部件的空间。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该定位管脚195由绝缘材料制成，该电接口管脚196由导电材料制成。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器包括如还包括第二壳体22，该第一壳体19和该第二壳体22对插连接，该第一壳体19设置有定位卡槽191，该第二壳体22设置有第三锁舌221，其中，通过该定位卡槽191和该第三锁舌221卡接在一起， 以连接该第一壳体19和该第二壳体22。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括防水胶条21，该防水胶条21设置于该第一壳体19和该第二壳体22之间。
在本申请中，在第一壳体19和第二壳体22紧密连接的基础上，还防止尘土和水气进入连接器内部，使得连接器符合车载防尘防水的要求。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第二壳体22设置有环槽225，将该防水胶条21安装在该环槽225上，以连接该第一壳体19的内壁和该第二壳体22的内壁。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括光组件24，该光组件24包括光纤243，其中，该光纤243和该第一扩束单元连接。
在本申请中，线端部分配合连接器的光路传输，实现光信号的输出。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该光组件24还包括第二扩束单元，其中，第二扩束单元设置在该第一扩束单元和该光纤243之间。
应理解，第二扩束单元可以是第二扩束透镜，通过第二扩束透镜对光信号进行折射可以增大光信号的光功率，或者第二扩束单元还可以是第二扩束光纤管，通过光纤管对光信号进行反射，可以增大光信号的光功率。
在本申请中，通过第二扩束单元可以进一步减少由于车载振动环境的使得第一壳体和第二壳体连接部产生的偏移，对光信号的耦合率的影响。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该光组件24还包括第二光组件连接单元，其中，该第二光组件连接单元用于嵌套该第二扩束单元和该光纤243。
作为一种可能的实现范式，第二光组件连接单元用于嵌套光纤243。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第二光组件连接单元为第二导管242，其中，该第二扩束单元和该光纤243的一端固定连接，并内嵌于该第二导管242的内腔2421中。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括电组件25，该电组件25包括导电单元251和电缆252，其中，该导电单元251的一端和该电缆252的一端插接在一起，该电缆252连接外部设备，该导电单元251用于传输该外部设备和印刷电路板之间的第二电信号；该第二壳体22设置有导电单元插孔223，该导电单元251的另一端插入该导电单元插孔223中，与该电接口管脚196连接。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该连接器还包括第二卡扣23，该第二卡扣23设置有第二锁孔231，该第二壳体22设置有第四锁舌224，其中，该第二卡扣23通过该第二锁孔231和该第四锁舌224卡接在一起，将该光组件24固定在该第二壳体22中。
在本申请中，第二卡扣将线端部分中的电组件、光组件以及第二壳体固定在一起，抑制了在车载振动环境中，来自第二方向和第一方向上的振动，起到了抗振的作用。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一壳体19由绝缘材料制成，该第二壳体22由绝缘材料制成。
第二方面，提供了一种通信系统，该系统包括第一方面及第一方面任一种实现方式的连接器。
第三方面，提供了一种车辆，该车辆包括第二方面的通信系统。
本申请中的车辆可以包括路上交通工具、水上交通工具、空中交通工具、工业设备、农业设备、或娱乐设备等。例如车辆可以是交通工具如商用车、乘用车、摩托车、飞行车、火车等，工业车辆如：叉车、挂车、牵引车等，工程车辆如挖掘机、推土车、吊车等，农用设备如割草机、收割机等，游乐设备，玩具车辆等，本申请实施例对车辆的类型不作具体限定。再如，车辆可以为广义上的载具，例如还包括飞机、或轮船等交通工具。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器结构三维示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器的板端部分和线端部分爆炸示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器的整体爆炸示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器的装配示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种板端部分一视角下的爆炸示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种板端部分的装配示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种板端部分另一视角下的爆炸示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种线端部分的装配示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种线端部分的一视角下的爆炸示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种线端部分的另一视角下的爆炸示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施方式，所述实施方式的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“前”、“后”、“内”、“外”、“横向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于安装的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A 和B，单独存在B这三种情况。
光纤通信是以光波为信息载体，以光纤作为传输媒介的传输方式。
光纤连接器是在光纤通信中用于光缆之间，光缆和光电部件之间、以及光电部件之间的连接。它把两个需要连接的光纤端面精密地对接起来，以使发射光纤输出的光能量能最大限度地耦合到接收光纤中去。
光模块是光纤通信中重要的光信号接口器件，具有光接口和电接口，光接口与光纤连接传输光信号，电接口与外部的通信终端设备连接。
目前的光电混合连接器，可以通过在塑料弹性卡板下方增加导电插针，从而实现光、电信号的传输，但这种光电混合连接器，无法满足车载环境。例如，第一，光纤固定插针末端无防尘防水结构，这使得光电混合连接器无法满足车载环境中的防尘防水的要求；第二，电缆和导电插针之间无固定结构件，无法满足车载环境中的抗振要求，长时间使用或碰撞后易破损，有短路的风险；第三，光电混合连接器都是线端部分之间的连接，无法满足车载环境的抗振要求，如果需要和车载电路板连接，需要增加系统的连接成本。
目前，为了满足在车载振动环境下的抗振要求，采用650nm的LED发射器和内芯为1mm的塑料光纤，并且在光纤末端通过金属箍覆盖固定。这种方案可以避免出现光纤耦合不稳定和两端错位的现象。但是，这种方案的连接器中光纤末端无封闭和结构件填充，金属件和壳体之间的配合公差无防尘和防水设计，灰尘和水分容易进入其中来影响光纤通信。另外，该连接器的结构也无法满足车载领域对高带宽的需求。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提出了一种连接器、通信系统和车辆。下面将结合附图具体说明。
本申请实施例提出的连接器适用于面向光接入或光传输的大带宽传输，为传感器设备供电传输和配置管理，满足车载防尘防水抗振的要求。
本申请实施例提出的连接器可以应用于车辆，其中，本申请中的车辆可以包括路上交通工具、水上交通工具、空中交通工具、工业设备、农业设备、或娱乐设备等。例如车辆可以是交通工具(如商用车、乘用车、摩托车、飞行车、火车等)，工业车辆(如：叉车、挂车、牵引车等)，工程车辆(如挖掘机、推土车、吊车等)，农用设备(如割草机、收割机等)，游乐设备，玩具车辆等，本申请实施例对车辆的类型不作具体限定。再如，车辆可以为广义上的载具，例如还包括飞机、或轮船等交通工具。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器结构三维示意图。
如图1所示，连接器包括板端部分1和线端部分2。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器的板端部分和线端部分爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，板端部分1包括第一壳体19，线端部分2包括第二壳体22，其中，板端部分1和线端部分2通过第一壳体19和第二壳体22对插连接。
具体地，如图2所示，第一壳体19可以设置有定位卡槽191，第二壳体22可以设置有第三锁舌221，第一壳体19和第二壳体可以通过定位卡槽191和第三锁舌221固定配合来对插连接，从而将板端部分1和线端部分2紧密连接。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器的整体爆炸示意图。
如图3所示，线端部分2还可以包括防水胶条21，板端部分1和线端部分2可以通过第一壳体19、防水胶条21和第二壳体22连接，其中，防水胶条21设置于第一壳体19 和第二壳体22之间。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种连接器的装配示意图。
具体地，如图4所示，第一壳体19可以设置有定位卡槽191，第二壳体22可以设置有环槽225，定位卡槽191和第三锁舌221固定配合，并且通过将防水胶条21安装于环槽225上，连接第一壳体19的内壁和第二壳体22的内壁。在板端部分1和线端部分2紧密连接的基础上，还防止尘土和水气进入连接器内部，使得连接器符合车载防尘防水的要求。
应理解，防水胶条21还可以安装在第一壳体19上，此时，第一壳体19上设置有环槽，图4中所示的仅为一种可能的实现方式。
下面将结合图5至图6具体说明，连接器的板端部分1的具体结构。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种板端部分一视角下的爆炸示意图。
板端部分1包括光电转换单元13、汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元，其中，汇聚透镜设置于光电转换单元和第一扩束单元之间，光电转换单元13，用于实现光信号和第一电信号之间的转换；汇聚透镜，用于得到平行光信号；第一扩束单元，用于得到光功率增大后的光信号。
应理解，板端部分1还包括第一壳体19，光电装换单元13、汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元可以设置在第一壳体19内部。
具体地，汇聚透镜可以为球透镜5，汇聚透镜还可以为其他可以将光电转换单元13发出的光信号聚焦并变成平行光信号的器件，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
第一扩束单元可以是第一扩束透镜，通过第一扩束透镜对光信号进行折射可以增大光信号的光功率，或者第一扩束透镜还可以是第一扩束光纤管，通过光纤管对光信号进行反射，可以增大光信号的光功率。下文以第一扩束单元为第一扩束透镜18为例进行说明。
应理解，光电转换单元13的光信号发射点、汇聚透镜的中心点以及第一扩束透镜的中心轴处于一条直线上。
在本申请实施例中，将光电转换单元内置于板端部分中，光信号在光电转换单元、汇聚透镜以及第一扩束单元之间传输。对于上行光信号传输而言，将通过光电转换单元转换后的光信号依次通过汇聚透镜和第一扩束透镜输出，实现了通过第一扩束透镜对光电转换单元的光信号的扩斑，增大耦合效率，降低了耦合精度要求，有效抑制车载振动环境下，连接器轴中心漂移对光信号耦合的影响，进而实现了车载环境中光信号的大带宽通信。对于下行光信号传输而言，将光纤传输的光信号通过第一扩束单元、汇聚透镜传输至光电转换单元，可以有效增大光传输损耗的光信号的光功率，增大耦合效率，降低了耦合精度要求，有效抑制车载振动环境下，连接器轴中心漂移对光信号耦合的影响，进而实现了车载环境中光信号的大带宽通信。例如，目前的连接器，在光信号传输过程中的损耗是5dB/端至6dB/端，通过本申请实施例中的板端部分中光电转换单元、汇聚透镜和第一扩束透镜耦合的结构，可以将光信号在传输过程中的损耗降低至小于2.5dB/端。除此以外，采用第一扩束透镜耦合的方式，提升了板端部分大规模加工的可行性。
应理解，本申请实施例的连接器可以作为光信号的发射装置，此时，光电转换单元13获取第一电信号，并将第一电信号转换成光信号，将光信号通过上述的汇聚透镜和第一扩束透镜18输出，此时输出的光信号可以理解为上行光信号。本申请实施例的连接器 也可以作为光信号的接收装置，此时，光电转换单元13通过上述的第一扩束透镜18和汇聚透镜接收光信号，并将光信号转换成第三电信号，输出第三光信号，此时，接收的光信号可以理解为下行光信号。本申请实施例对连接器是用于接收光信号还是用于发送光信号并不作限制，以下主要以，连接器作为光信号的发射装置为例进行说明。
板端部分1还包括第一光组件连接单元、第一固定单元和第二固定单元，其中，第一光组件连接单元用于嵌套第一扩束透镜18，第一固定单元用于固定连接光电转换单元13和汇聚透镜；第二固定单元用于嵌套连接光电转换单元13、第一固定单元和第一光组件连接单元。
应理解，本申请实施例对第一光组件连接单元的形状不作限定，图5中所示的第一光组件连接单元可以为第一导管17，这是第一光组件连接单元一种可能的形态，本申请实施例对第一光组件连接单元的材质也不作限定，可以为具有一定硬度具有抗振效果的材质，例如，金属或者硬质塑料等。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种板端部分的装配示意图。
应理解，本申请实施例中对第一固定单元和第二固定单元的具体形态也不作限定。如图5所示，第一固定单元可以为内法兰环14。如图6所示，第二固定单元可以为外法兰环110。图5所示的内法兰环14仅为第一固定单元的一种可能的具体形态。图6所示的外法兰环110仅为第二固定单元的一种可能的具体形态。
示例性地，如图6所示，内法兰环14的第一端142卡嵌球透镜15，内法兰环14的第二端141固定连接光电转换单元13；外法兰环110的第一端1101嵌套光电转换单元13和内法兰环14的第二端141，外法兰环110的第二端1102嵌套第一导管17的第一端172(如图5所示)。
内法兰环14的第一端142的内径和该球透镜15的直径配合，该外法兰环110的第二端1102的内径和该内法兰环14的第一端142的外径配合。
示例性地，内法兰环14的第一端142的内径和该球透镜15的直径的公差配合满足防护等级IP67标准，该外法兰环110的第二端1102的内径和该内法兰环14的第一端142的外径的公差配合满足防护等级IP67标准。
在本申请实施例中，固定件将汇聚透镜、导光单元以及第一扩束单元紧密连接在一起可以有效起到防尘防水的作用，从而防止尘土和水分进入光纤和连接器的内腔中，支持防护等级IP67的防尘防水等级，有效提高防护等级。
板端部分1还包括设置在汇聚透镜和第一扩束透镜18之间的导光单元，导光单元可以是光纤插芯16，下文以导光单元为光纤插芯16为例进行说明。
在本申请中，将导光单元设置在汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元之间，在结构上，可以降低对第一扩束单元的加工成本，越长的第一扩束单元的加工成本越高。导光单元增加了汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元之间光信号的传输长度，可以增长固定第一扩束单元的连接单元的长度，从而降低该连接单元的加工难度。在功能上，导光单元和第一扩束单元连接，可以进一步对光信号的扩斑，从而进一步增大耦合效率，降低了耦合精度要求。
以上行光传输为例，光信号经过汇聚透镜转变后的平行光信号，经过光纤插芯16，入射到第一扩束透镜18。
第一光组件连接单元还可以用于嵌套第一扩束透镜18和光纤插芯16。
示例性地，如图6所示，当第一光组件连接单元为第一导管17时，光纤插芯16和第一扩束透镜18固定连接，并内嵌于第一导管17的内腔171中。
具体地，第一扩束透镜18的一端和光纤插芯16的一端可以通过胶水连接，或者其他可以传输光信号的介质的连接，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一扩束透镜18可以通过不同光折射率材料结合烧结而成。应理解，此处仅仅是给出了一种第一扩束透镜的制作方式，还可以通过其他方式来制作第一扩束透镜，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
在本申请实施例中，将光电转换单元内置于板端部分中，并通过固定件将将光电转换单元、汇聚透镜、导光单元和第一扩束单元固定在一起的一体化设计，连接结构简单。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种板端部分另一视角下的爆炸示意图。
如图7所示，板端部分1还可以包括第一卡扣12。
其中，第一卡扣12将光电转换单元13、第一固定单元、第二固定单元、汇聚透镜和第一光组件连接单元固定在第一壳体19中。
示例性地，如图6所示，第一卡扣12将光电转换单元13、内法兰环14、外法兰环110、球透镜15以及第一导管17固定在第一壳体19中。
具体地，如图5所示，第一卡扣12的固定卡槽124和第一壳体19的内部锁扣192卡嵌连接，并且通过第一卡扣12的第一挡板121，将光电转换单元13、内法兰环14、外法兰环110、球透镜15以及第一导管17，沿第一方向约束固定在第一壳体19中。
如图7所示，第一卡扣12的第一锁舌123和第一壳体19的定位卡孔193卡嵌连接，并且通过第一卡扣12的第二挡板122，将光电转换单元13、内法兰环14、外法兰环110、球透镜15以及第一导管17，沿第二方向约束固定在第一壳体19上。应理解，第二方向和第一方向垂直。
应理解，本申请实施例对第二方向和第一方向并不作具体限定，例如，第二方向可以是车辆坐标系中的车辆前进方向，第一方向可以车辆坐标系中的车辆横摆方向；或者第二方向还可以是车辆坐标系中的车辆前进方向，第一方向可以是车辆坐标系中车辆垂直于大地的方向。也就是本申请实施例中的第二方向和第一方向可以是任意方向，为了便于理解本申请的方案，图示中的第二方向和第一方向仅为图示作用，并不对连接器在车辆中的部署位置起限定作用。
需要说明的是，外法兰环110仅在图6的板端部分的装配图中示出，板端部分在两个视角下的爆炸图中并未示出。
在本申请实施例中，通过第一卡扣，将光电转换单元、第一固定单元、第二固定单元、汇聚透镜和第一光组件连接单元形成的一个整体固定在第一壳体上，在车载振动环境中，不仅可以抑制第二方向上振动带来的偏移，例如，抑制车辆行驶方向上的振动带来的偏移，还可以抑制第一方向上振动带来的偏移，例如，抑制车辆垂直大地方向上的振动带来的偏移。
如图6所示，板端部分1还可以包括金属屏蔽罩11。
其中，如图7所示，金属屏蔽罩11可以设置有第一锁孔111，第一壳体19设置有第二锁舌194，金属屏蔽罩11通过第一锁孔111和第二锁舌194固定在第一壳体19上。
应理解，第一锁孔111处于金属屏蔽罩11的位置和第二锁舌194处于第一壳体的位 置相互呼应，本申请实施例对第一锁孔111和第二锁舌194的位置以及数量不作限制。图5和图7中所示的第一锁孔111和第二锁舌194位置和数量仅为示例作用。
在本申请实施例中，通过在板端部分的第一壳体外部安装金属屏蔽罩，可以屏蔽外部电磁干扰，保证光电传输。
如图6所示，第一壳体19设置有定位管脚195和电接口管脚196，金属屏蔽罩11设置有第二金属管脚112，通过定位管脚195、电接口管脚196以及第二金属管脚112，连接板端部分1和印刷电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)，电接口管脚196用于传输外部设备和PCB之间的第二电信号。
具体地，可以将电接口管脚196焊接在PCB上，将第二金属管脚112焊接在PCB上。
其中，定位管脚195用于确定板端部分和PCB之间的相对位置关系。定位管脚195的材质可以为绝缘材料，例如塑料，本申请实施例对定位管脚195的具体位置以及具体材料不作限定。
作为一种可能的实现方式，在加工第一壳体19上的电接口管脚196时，可以通过塑溶方式固定在板端部分的第一壳体19中。
光电转换单元13设置有第一金属管脚131，通过第一金属管脚131，连接光电转换单元13和PCB，第一金属管脚131用于传输光电转换单元13和所述PCB之间的第一电信号，所述光电转换单元13用于将所述第一电信号转换成光信号。
具体地，将第一金属管脚131焊接在PCB上。
示例性地，当连接器作为光信号的发射装置时，上行光信号的传输路径如图4所示。光电转换单元13包括光电转换器芯片(例如，激光器芯片)，PCB上的第一电信号通过第一金属管脚131，传输给光电转换单元13的光电转换器芯片，光电转换器发出调制后的上行光信号，经过球透镜15聚焦之后，进入第一导管17，并通过光纤插芯16折射到第一扩束透镜18，从而实现上行光信号的大带宽传输。
示例性地，电接口管脚196用于实现外部设备和PCB的第二电信号传输，例如，实现传感器和PCB的电信号传输。也就是电接口管脚196用于实现外部设备供电和小带宽电信号配置，PCB接收来自外部设备的电信号，也就是下行电信号，下行电信号传输路径如图4所示，具体将结合线端部分具体说明。
在本申请实施例中，连接器中的板端部分将光电转换单元和第一扩束透镜集成在一起，并且将导电单元接口内置在板端部分的第一壳体中，实现板端部分电接口接入和光输出一体化的设计，降低了连接器设计的难度，提升了板端部分的可维护性，并满足车载复杂汽车环境的稳定可靠连接。与此同时，板端部分小型化和简约化，有效节省了车载ECU部件的空间。
下面将结合图8至图10详细说明连接器中线端部分的具体结构。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种线端部分的装配示意图。
如图8所示，线端部分2还包括光组件24，光组件24包括光纤243，光纤243可以和第一扩束透镜18连接。以上行光信号传输为例，平行光信号从板端部分1的第一扩束透镜18入射到光纤243。
在本申请实施例中，线端部分配合板端部分的光路传输，实现光信号的输出。
光组件24还包括第二光组件连接单元，其中，第二光组件连接单元用于嵌套光纤243。
应理解，本申请实施例对第二光组件连接单元的具体形态不作限定，图8中所示的第二光组件连接单元可以为第二导管242，第二导管242为第二光组件连接单元一种可能的形状，本申请实施例对第二光组件连接单元的材质也不作限定，可以为具有一定硬度具有抗振效果的材质，例如，金属或者硬质塑料等。
光组件24还包括第二扩束单元，第二扩束单元设置在第一扩束单元和光纤243之间。
应理解，第二扩束单元可以为第二扩束透镜241，通过第二扩束透镜241对光信号进行折射可以增大光信号的光功率，或者第二扩束透镜还可以是第二扩束光纤管，通过光纤管对光信号进行反射，可以增大光信号的光功率。以下以第二扩束单元为第二扩束透镜241为例进行说明。
以上行光信号传输为例，光信号从第一扩束透镜18，经过第二扩束透镜241入射到光纤243。
在本申请实施例中，通过线端部分的第二扩束透镜可以进一步减少由于车载振动环境的使得板端和线端连接部产生的偏移，对光信号的耦合率的影响。
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种线端部分的一视角下的爆炸示意图。
示例性地，如图8所示，第二扩束透镜241和光纤243的一端固定连接，并内嵌于第二导管242的内腔2421(如图9所示)中。在第一壳体19和第二壳体22插接连接之后，第二扩束透镜241和第一扩束透镜18接触连接。
具体地，第二扩束透镜241和光纤243可以通过胶水连接，或者其他可以传输光信号的介质的连接，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
如图8所示，第二壳体22设置有锁扣222，通过锁扣222将第二光组件连接单元242固定在第二壳体22中。
应理解，在板端部分1和线端部分2通过定位卡槽191和第三锁舌221对插连接后，板端部分1中的第一扩束透镜18和线端部分2中的第二扩束透镜241相互贴合，实现光信号在光纤243和光电转换单元13之间的传输。
示例性地，上行光信号的大带宽传输，如图4所示，从板端部分1的第一扩束透镜18将平行光信号，进入到线端部分2的光接触件242中，并通过第二扩束透镜24，入射到光纤243，从而实现上行光的大带宽传输。
如图9所示，线端部分2还包括电组件25，电组件25包括导电单元251和电缆252，其中，外部设备的电信号通过电缆252，经过导电单元251和第一壳体19的电接口管脚196，传输到印刷电路板PCB上。
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种线端部分的另一视角下的爆炸示意图。
其中，第二壳体2还设置有导电单元插孔223。如图10所示，导电单元251的一端和电缆252的一端插接在一起，导电单元251的另一端可以插入导电单元插孔223中，从而将电组件25固定在第二壳体2上。
其中，在图9中示出的导电单元插孔223用于连接板端部分1的第一壳体19的电接口管脚196和导电单元251。
具体地，在板端部分1和线端部分2通过定位卡槽191和第三锁舌221对插连接后，图7所示的第一壳体19的电接口管脚196插入，图9所示的第二壳体22的导电单元插孔223中，使得电接口管脚196和导电单元251连接，实现电信号的传输。
示例性地，下行电信号的传输，如图4所示，下行电信号通过电缆252，经过导电单元251，再经过电接口管脚196，传输到PCB上。
如图9所示，线端部分2还包括第二卡扣23，第二卡扣23设置有第二锁孔231，第二壳体22设置有第四锁舌224。
其中，第二卡扣23通过第二锁孔231和第四锁舌224卡接在一起，将光组件24约束固定在第二壳体22中。
在本申请实施例中，第二卡扣将线端部分中的电组件、光组件以及第二壳体固定在一起，抑制了在车载振动环境中，来自第二方向和第一方向上的振动，起到了抗振的作用。
应理解，本申请实施例，对板端部分1和线端部分2中的光传输通道的个数不作限制，附图中所示的光传输通道个数为1。因此，如果有多路光信号进行传输，可以沿用本申请实施例中板端部分1中的光电转换单元13、球透镜15、第一导管17、第一扩束透镜18、线端部分2中的第二扩束透镜241和光纤243的传输通道。此时，第一壳体19和第二壳体22中用于光传输通道的孔的个数和光信号的传输路数相同。
还应理解，本申请实施例，对板端部分1和线端部分2中的电传输通道的个数不作限制，例如，附图中所示的电传输通道个数为4，如图7所示，板端部分的电接口管脚196有4个，线端部分2的电组件有4个。因此，如果有多路电信号进行传输，可以沿用本申请实施例中PCB、板端部分1中电接口管脚196、线端部分2中导电单元252和电缆252的电信号传输通道。此时，第一壳体19上的电接口管脚196的个数、第二壳体22上导电单元插孔的个数、电组件25的个数和电信号的传输路数相同。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的连接器的壳体材料为非导电材料，可以为塑料等绝缘材料。本申请实施例对此不作限制。
在本申请实施例中，使用简易通用的结构件，通过嵌套、卡扣等简易的安装方式，将光电转换单元、光组件、电组件等部件固定在连接器壳体内部，结构简易可靠、工艺实现简单、成本低并且易于生产安装。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种连接器，其特征在于，包括光电转换单元、汇聚透镜和第一扩束单元，
    其中，所述汇聚透镜设置于所述光电转换单元和所述第一扩束单元之间，
    所述光电转换单元，用于实现光信号和第一电信号之间的转换；
    所述汇聚透镜，用于得到平行光信号；
    所述第一扩束单元，用于得到光功率增大后的光信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括设置在所述汇聚透镜和所述第一扩束单元之间的导光单元，
    所述导光单元用于传输所述汇聚透镜和所述第一扩束单元之间的光信号。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括第一光组件连接单元、第一固定单元和第二固定单元，
    其中，所述第一光组件连接单元用于嵌套所述第一扩束单元和所述导光单元，
    所述第一固定单元用于固定连接所述光电转换单元和所述汇聚透镜；
    所述第二固定单元用于嵌套连接所述光电转换单元、所述第一固定单元和所述第二固定单元。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述汇聚透镜为球透镜(15)，所述第一扩束单元为第一扩束透镜(18)，所述第一光组件连接单元为第一导管(17)，所述第一固定单元为内法兰环(14)，所述第二固定单元为外法兰环(110)，
    其中，所述导光单元和所述第一扩束透镜(18)固定连接，并内嵌于所述第一导管(17)的内腔(171)中；
    所述内法兰环(14)的第一端(142)卡嵌所述球透镜(15)，所述内法兰环(14)的第二端(141)固定连接所述光电转换单元；
    所述外法兰环(110)的第一端(1101)嵌套所述光电转换单元和所述内法兰环(14)的第二端(141)，所述外法兰环(110)的第二端(1102)嵌套所述第一导管(17)的第一端(172)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述内法兰环(14)的第一端(142)的内径和所述球透镜(15)的直径配合，所述外法兰环(110)的第二端(1102)的内径和所述内法兰环(14)的第一端(142)的外径配合。
  6. 如权利要求3至5任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括第一壳体(19)和第一卡扣(12)，
    其中，所述第一卡扣(12)，用于将所述光电转换单元、所述第一固定单元、所述第二固定单元、所述汇聚透镜和所述第一光组件连接单元固定在所述第一壳体(19)中。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述第一卡扣(12)设置有第一挡板(121)和固定卡槽(124)，所述第一壳体(19)设置有内部锁扣(192)，
    其中所述固定卡槽(124)和所述内部锁扣(192)卡嵌连接，
    并且通过所述第一挡板(121)，将所述光电转换单元、所述第一固定单元、所述第二固定单元、所述汇聚透镜和所述第一光组件连接单元，沿第一方向约束固定在所述第一 壳体(19)中。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述第一卡扣(12)设置有第一锁舌(123)和第二挡板(122)，所述第一壳体(19)设置有定位卡孔(193)，
    其中，所述第一锁舌(123)和所述定位卡孔(193)卡嵌连接，
    并且通过所述第二挡板(122)，将所述光电转换单元、所述第一固定单元、所述第二固定单元、所述汇聚透镜和所述导管(17)，沿第二方向约束固定在所述第一壳体(19)中，其中所述第一方向和所述第二方向垂直。
  9. 如权利要求6至8任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括金属屏蔽罩(11)，所述金属屏蔽罩(11)设置有第一锁孔(111)，所述第一壳体(19)设置有第二锁舌(194)，
    其中，通过所述第一锁孔(111)和所述第二锁舌(194)卡接在一起，将所述金属屏蔽罩(11)固定在所述第一壳体(19)上。
  10. 如权利要求6至8任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述第一壳体(19)固定设置电接口管脚(196)和定位管脚(195)
    其中，所述电接口管脚(196)用于传输外部设备和印刷电路板之间的第二电信号；
    所述定位管脚(195)用于确定所述第一壳体(19)和所述印刷电路板之间的位置。
  11. 如权利要求1至10任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述光电转换单元设置有第一金属管脚，
    其中，所述第一金属管脚用于传输所述光电转换单元和所述印刷电路板之间的所述第一电信号。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的连接器，所述定位管脚(195)由绝缘材料制成，所述电接口管脚(196)由导电材料制成。
  13. 如权利要求10至12任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器包括如还包括第二壳体(22)，所述第一壳体(19)和所述第二壳体(22)对插连接，
    所述第一壳体(19)设置有定位卡槽(191)，所述第二壳体(22)设置有第三锁舌(221)，
    其中，通过所述定位卡槽(191)和所述第三锁舌(221)卡接在一起，以连接所述第一壳体(19)和所述第二壳体(22)。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括防水胶条(21)，所述防水胶条(21)设置于所述第一壳体(19)和所述第二壳体(22)之间。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述第二壳体(22)设置有环槽(225)，将所述防水胶条(21)安装在所述环槽(225)上，以连接所述第一壳体(19)的内壁和所述第二壳体(22)的内壁。
  16. 如权利要求13至15任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括光组件(24)，所述光组件(24)包括光纤(243)，
    其中，所述光纤(243)和所述第一扩束单元连接。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述光组件(24)还包括第二扩束单元，
    其中，所述第二扩束单元设置在所述第一扩束单元和所述光纤(243)之间。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括第二光组件连接单元，
    其中，所述第二光组件连接单元用于嵌套所述第二扩束单元和所述光纤(243)。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述第二组件连接单元为第二导管(242)，
    其中，所述第二扩束单元和所述光纤(243)的一端固定连接，并内嵌于所述第二导管(242)的内腔(2421)中。
  20. 如权利要求13至19任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括电组件(25)，所述电组件(25)包括导电单元(251)和电缆(252)，
    其中，所述导电单元(251)的一端和所述电缆(252)的一端插接在一起，所述电缆(252)连接外部设备，所述导电单元(251)用于传输所述外部设备和印刷电路板之间的第二电信号；
    所述第二壳体(22)设置有导电单元插孔(223)，所述导电单元(251)的另一端插入所述导电单元插孔(223)中，与所述电接口管脚(196)连接。
  21. 如权利要求13至20任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括第二卡扣(23)，所述第二卡扣(23)设置有第二锁孔(231)，所述第二壳体(22)设置有第四锁舌(224)，
    其中，所述第二卡扣(23)通过所述第二锁孔(231)和所述第四锁舌(224)卡接在一起，将所述光组件(24)固定在所述第二壳体(22)中。
  22. 如权利要求13至21任一项所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述第一壳体(19)由绝缘材料制成，所述第二壳体(22)由绝缘材料制成。
  23. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至22任一项所述的连接器。
  24. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求23所述的通信系统。
PCT/CN2022/116316 2022-08-31 2022-08-31 一种连接器、通信系统和车辆 WO2024045073A1 (zh)

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JP2003234698A (ja) * 2002-02-08 2003-08-22 Denso Corp 車載用光通信装置
JP2004077705A (ja) * 2002-08-14 2004-03-11 Ricoh Co Ltd レンズ駆動装置，レンズ駆動装置の組立方法およびビームエキスパンダ装置ならびに光ピックアップ装置
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