WO2024040946A1 - 一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法 - Google Patents

一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024040946A1
WO2024040946A1 PCT/CN2023/082066 CN2023082066W WO2024040946A1 WO 2024040946 A1 WO2024040946 A1 WO 2024040946A1 CN 2023082066 W CN2023082066 W CN 2023082066W WO 2024040946 A1 WO2024040946 A1 WO 2024040946A1
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Prior art keywords
purity
magnesium
zone
gas
heating
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PCT/CN2023/082066
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田阳
梁栋
杨斌
徐宝强
刘大春
王飞
李一夫
蒋文龙
邓勇
吴鉴
王立鹏
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昆明理工大学
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Publication of WO2024040946A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024040946A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/12—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from gaseous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065—Spherical particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of high-purity metal material preparation, and in particular to an equipment and method for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder.
  • Magnesium metal is widely used in automobiles, aerospace, rail transit, electronic communications, national defense and military industry and other fields because of its advantages such as high specific strength and specific stiffness, easy processing and shaping, good damping and shock absorption, and strong electromagnetic shielding ability. It is known as "Green Engineering Materials for the 21st Century”. It is known as a "revolutionary medical metal material” due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability.
  • magnesium is used in steel desulfurization and strategic metal reducing agent due to its active chemical properties. Spherical magnesium and magnesium powder have large specific surface areas and strong surface activity. They can be used to manufacture chemical products, explosives, fireworks, etc. They are also efficient reducing agents, desulfurizers, and 3D printing raw materials.
  • magnesium powder can also be used in high-tech fields such as advanced magnesium powder pigments in the automobile and building materials industries, and conductive slurry for solar photovoltaic cell backsheets.
  • Patent 201710726429.2 proposes a method for preparing high-purity magnesium powder.
  • the raw materials are sublimated and condensed in a tube furnace at 700-1500°C (preferably 1000-1300°C).
  • High-purity magnesium powder with a purity of 99.9% can be prepared.
  • the production scale of this method is small.
  • product purity is limited.
  • Patent 201310082862.9 proposes a pneumatic atomization production method of high-purity fine spherical metal magnesium powder.
  • the spherical magnesium powder is prepared by argon atomization and nitrogen cooling.
  • this method requires the use of nitrogen, argon and their cooling and separation. Devices and equipment are expensive and the process is complex.
  • Patent 202011059832.2 discloses a production device and process for quasi-spherical metal magnesium powder.
  • the quasi-spherical magnesium particles are prepared by cutting.
  • the particle size of the magnesium powder obtained by this method cannot be guaranteed, and the equipment is complex, noisy, and the product particle size is unstable. .
  • Patent 202111623596.7 discloses a device and method for preparing ultra-fine and high-purity spherical magnesium powder. This method keeps 120g magnesium ingots warm for 40 minutes and puts them in an evaporation gasification furnace, particle condenser, cyclone dust collector, gas filter, gas cooler, etc. The equipment works together to prepare magnesium powder with a purity of 99.9%. The production scale is small and the product purity is low.
  • the existing technology has technical problems such as the inability to achieve large-scale production, low product purity, complex equipment, and complex processes.
  • This application provides an equipment and method for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder to solve the problems of small preparation scale, low product purity, and problems in the existing technology of high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder. At least one of the problems is the complexity of the process and equipment.
  • this application provides an equipment for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder, including a vertical furnace body, a heating zone and a condensation zone, and the heating zone and the condensation zone are arranged in the vertical furnace body, And the heating zone is located below the condensation zone; a heating body is provided on the periphery of the heating zone; a first heat preservation device and a second heat preservation device are provided on the periphery of the condensation zone from bottom to top, and the first heat preservation device and the second heat preservation device can be detachably installed; a liquid cooling device is also provided on the periphery of the condensation zone; a gas inlet and a gas outlet are provided in the condensation zone; and an installation structure for installing a collection device is provided on the inner wall of the condensation zone.
  • a filtering device is also included, and the filtering device is detachably arranged between the heating zone and the condensation zone.
  • the width of the collection devices is greater than half of the diameter of the furnace body and less than the diameter of the furnace body, and are staggered on the inner wall of the condensation zone.
  • the condensation device includes a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet and a cooling pipe.
  • the cooling liquid outlet is arranged above the side wall of the vertical furnace body corresponding to the condensation zone.
  • the cooling pipe is coiled around the heating zone. And/or the outer wall surface of the condensation zone, the cooling liquid inlet is provided below the side wall surface of the vertical furnace body corresponding to the heating zone or the condensation zone.
  • a vacuum pump and a gas storage device are included.
  • the vacuum pump is connected to the gas outlet through a pipeline and a first control valve.
  • the gas storage device is connected to the gas inlet through a pipeline, a second control valve and a flow meter.
  • control system which includes a heating control system, a gas control system and a cooling circulation system; the heating control system is connected to the heating body and temperature sensors respectively provided in the heating zone and the condensation zone; gas control system connections The air pump, the first control valve, the second control valve and the flow meter; the cooling circulation system is connected to a liquid pump, and the liquid pump causes the cooling liquid to circulate in the liquid cooling device.
  • a crucible is also included, and the crucible is arranged in the heating zone.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder using an equipment for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder as described above, including the following steps:
  • control the temperature of the heating zone to 650-900°C adjust the second control valve so that the gas flow is 200-500LPM, adjust the coolant flow to 50-100LPM, and control the temperature of the condensation zone to 100-400°C to prepare high-purity magnesium powder
  • Control the temperature of the heating zone to 900-1500°C adjust the second control valve so that the gas flow is 1-200LPM, adjust the cooling
  • the flow rate of the cooling liquid is 1-50LPM
  • the temperature of the condensation zone is controlled to be 400-700°C to prepare high-purity spherical magnesium
  • the temperature of the heating zone is controlled to be 800-1300°C
  • the gas flow rate is 100-400LPM
  • the cooling water flow rate is 30 -70LPM
  • control the condensate temperature to 200-600°C the preferred temperature is 900-1200°C, the gas flow is 200-300LPM, the cooling water flow is 40-60LPM to simultaneously prepare high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder.
  • the first heat preservation device and the second heat preservation device are removed; when preparing high-purity spherical magnesium, the first heat preservation device and the second heat preservation device are installed; when simultaneously preparing When using high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder, install the first heat preservation device and remove the second heat preservation device.
  • the equipment of this application adopts a vertical structure, which effectively integrates raw material evaporation, metal vapor filtration and purification, metal vapor condensation, and product collection devices into the same equipment. Through the efficient cooperation of the above devices, raw material evaporation is realized in the same equipment.
  • the purification and product preparation process solves the problems of complex existing equipment systems, high production costs, and low product purity.
  • the equipment of this application is equipped with a detachable first heat preservation device and a second heat preservation device, which can flexibly control the temperature in the condensation zone and effectively control the temperature distribution and temperature in the equipment in conjunction with the use of liquid cooling devices and cooling gases.
  • Gradient avoids the problems of complex equipment and increased energy consumption caused by the two-stage heating and temperature control commonly used in conventional equipment.
  • the two products can be prepared in batches or at the same time in the same set of equipment.
  • the high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder obtained in the same batch have different particle sizes. After screening, products of different specifications can be obtained, realizing production with the same set of equipment. Diversified products.
  • the method of this application utilizes the principles of different saturated vapor pressures of each element in crude magnesium and magnesium ingots, magnesium vapor volatilization and condensation, molecular collision, and metal vapor nucleation and crystallization. Based on equipment design and condition control, it uses vacuum distillation and filtration. The device purifies metals and obtains different products by controlling condensation conditions. The purity of the obtained products can reach 99.999%, which can meet the use requirements in different fields and avoids the problems of small preparation scale, low product purity, complex processes and equipment of existing methods. The coolant and gas used in the process can be recycled, which meets the green and sustainable development requirements of the metallurgical and materials industry.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an equipment for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder prepared in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • An equipment for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder includes a vertical furnace body 3, a heating zone and a condensation zone.
  • the heating zone and the condensation zone are arranged in the vertical furnace. Inside the body 3, and the heating zone is located below the condensation zone;
  • a heating body 13 is provided on the periphery of the heating zone; a first heat preservation device 8 and a second heat preservation device 6 are provided on the periphery of the condensation zone from bottom to top, and the first heat preservation device 8 and the second heat preservation device 6 are removable. Installation; a liquid cooling device is also provided on the periphery of the condensation area; a gas inlet and a gas outlet are also provided in the condensation area; and an installation structure for installing a collection device is provided on the inner wall of the condensation area.
  • the first insulation device and the second insulation device can be high-temperature-resistant removable insulation materials such as graphite felt or insulation cotton, which are directly wrapped around the periphery of the condensation area; they can be selectively set according to the different purposes of preparing high-purity spherical magnesium or high-purity magnesium powder.
  • the first heat preservation device and/or the second heat preservation device For example, when preparing high-purity magnesium powder, it is necessary to control a lower temperature in the condensation zone. At this time, the first insulation device and the second insulation device are disassembled, and the cooling effect of the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling device is increased to control greater inertness.
  • the gas flow rate is such that the temperature of the condensation zone is controlled at a relatively low 100-400°C; when high-purity spherical magnesium is to be prepared, a first heat preservation device and a second heat preservation device are installed at this time to control the smaller cooling liquid flow rate and inert gas flow rate so that The temperature of the condensation zone is controlled at a relatively high 400-700°C; when high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder are to be prepared at the same time, the first heat preservation device is installed at this time, and the second heat preservation device is removed, so that the temperature of the condensation zone Control between 200-600°C.
  • the liquid cooling device on the periphery of the condensation zone is used to make the cooling liquid flow around the periphery of the condensation zone. It is usually wound around the outer wall of the condensation zone in the form of a pipe.
  • the winding method can be spiral winding or other ways, which are all common in this field. Conventional technology will not be described in detail here; those skilled in the art can understand that the cooling liquid can be selected according to the situation, such as water or other types of cooling liquid. Since they are all existing technologies, they will not be described in detail here.
  • the condensation device includes a cooling liquid inlet 14, a cooling liquid outlet 7 and a cooling pipe.
  • the cooling liquid outlet is arranged above the side wall of the vertical furnace corresponding to the condensation zone.
  • the cooling pipe is coiled around the heating zone and/or On the outer wall of the condensation zone, the cooling liquid inlet is provided below the side wall of the vertical furnace corresponding to the heating zone or the condensation zone.
  • Coolant includes but is not limited to cooling water, cooling oil and other cooling media that can cool down the furnace body.
  • the cooling pipes can only be coiled around the periphery of the condensation zone to cool only the condensation zone.
  • the coolant inlet is set below the side wall of the vertical furnace body corresponding to the condensation zone; at the same time, the cooling pipes can also be coiled at the same time.
  • this setting can simultaneously cool the condensation zone and the heating zone during the production process, that is, there is no need to set up an additional separate condensation device to cool the heating zone, and it is convenient for the end of the experiment. Finally, the entire device is cooled down. At this time, the inlet of the coolant can be set below the side wall of the heating zone corresponding to the vertical furnace body.
  • the liquid cooling device is connected to a liquid pump, and the cooling liquid is pumped into the liquid cooling device through the liquid pump, so that the cooling liquid flows on the outer wall of the condensation area and takes away the heat inside the condensation area.
  • corresponding valves and flow meters are also provided.
  • the gas inlet and gas outlet of the condensation zone are preferably arranged below the side wall of the vertical furnace body in the condensation zone, and the gas outlet is above the other side wall of the vertical furnace body in the condensation zone. , which allows the gas to pass through the entire condensation zone from bottom to top, achieving the optimal effect, which not only ensures that the volatilized magnesium vapor can fully contact the filled low-temperature gas, but also allows the magnesium vapor to pass through the filled air flow and It is carried to the collection device in the condensation area under the synergistic action of the vacuum pump suction force.
  • a vacuum pump 2 and a gas storage device 9 were also provided.
  • the vacuum pump 2 was connected to the gas outlet through a pipeline and a first control valve.
  • the gas storage device 9 was connected through a pipeline through a second control valve and a flow meter 10. to the gas inlet.
  • the speed and flow rate of gas extraction are controlled through the first control valve, and the speed and flow rate of gas charging into the condensation zone are controlled through the second control valve.
  • the gas filled into the condensation zone is a gas that does not react with magnesium, including but not limited to inert gases helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
  • the device further includes a filtering device removably disposed between the heating zone and the condensation zone.
  • the filter device can be a porous material made of graphite, ceramics or metal, which can effectively filter ash and large particle impurities in the raw materials, and improve the purity of the prepared high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder.
  • the collection device also includes a plurality of collection devices 4 whose width is greater than half the diameter of the furnace body and less than the diameter of the furnace body, and are staggered on the inner wall of the condensation zone.
  • the collection devices can be circular graphite or stainless steel trays.
  • the collection device is used to collect the prepared high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder.
  • a crucible 12 which is disposed within the heating zone.
  • the crucible is used to hold raw materials 11.
  • control system 1 which includes a heating control system, a gas control system and a cooling circulation system; the heating control system is connected to the heating body and temperature sensors respectively provided in the heating zone and the condensation zone; the gas The control system is connected to the vacuum pump, the first control valve, the second control valve and the flow meter; the cooling circulation system is connected to a liquid pump, and the liquid pump causes the cooling liquid to circulate in the liquid cooling device.
  • the heating control system may also include temperature measuring thermocouples, which are respectively installed in the heating zone and the condensation zone, used to collect the temperatures of the heating zone and the condensation zone, and control the heating of the heating body according to the set temperature range; and according to the measured temperature Adjust cooling circulation system and gas control system operation.
  • This equipment also includes a top cover 5.
  • the top cover 5 has a similar function as a furnace door. Opening or closing the top cover 5 can open or close the internal space of the furnace body for placing or taking out materials.
  • Control the temperature of the heating zone to 650-1500°C adjust the second control valve to control the flow of gas to 1-500LPM; adjust the coolant circulation system so that the coolant flow is 1-100LPM.
  • the temperature of the condensation zone is controlled to 100-700°C.
  • the temperature of the heating zone and the condensation zone, as well as the gas and coolant flow rates, are set specifically according to the different products to be prepared. For example, control the temperature of the heating zone to 650-900°C, adjust the second control valve so that the gas flow is 200-500LPM, adjust the coolant flow to 50-100LPM, and control the temperature of the condensation zone to 100-400°C to prepare high-purity magnesium powder; control The temperature of the heating zone is 900-1500°C.
  • Magnesium control the temperature of the heating zone to 800-1300°C, the gas flow rate to 100-400LPM, the cooling water flow rate to 30-70LPM, and the condensate temperature to 200-600°C (the preferred temperature is 900-1200°C, the gas flow rate is 200 -300LPM, cooling water flow rate is 40-60LPM) to simultaneously prepare high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder.
  • the principle of using the device and preparation method of the present application is: using the principles of saturated vapor pressure, evaporation and condensation, molecular collision, nucleation and crystallization, etc., using crude magnesium or magnesium ingots as raw materials, controlling the appropriate temperature to evaporate magnesium, and low saturated vapor pressure. Impurities remain in the residue, and the evaporated magnesium vapor is purified again through the filter device. The purified magnesium vapor collides with the filled gas molecules to varying degrees and loses heat, and is carried by the air flow into the condensation zone.
  • the magnesium vapor nucleation and crystallization process is controlled, so that the magnesium vapor is condensed into high-purity spherical magnesium. Or high purity magnesium powder.
  • a lower heating temperature is controlled to prevent a large amount of magnesium vapor from volatilizing at the same time and agglomerating and growing in the condensation zone, preferably 650-900°C, and controlling a larger air flow rate and cooling water flow rate, preferably 200°C. -500LPM gas flow and 50-100LPM cooling water flow.
  • the raw materials evaporate slowly.
  • the magnesium vapor purified by the filter device fully collides with the charged low-temperature gas molecules and loses a large amount of heat. It enters the condensation zone under the combined action of the charged air flow and the vacuum pump suction force.
  • the temperature in the condensation zone can be guaranteed to be between 100-400°C.
  • the magnesium vapor cools into solid particles before it can grow up after nucleation.
  • High-purity magnesium powder of different particle sizes collected on each layer of collection devices can be screened to obtain high-purity magnesium powder products of different specifications.
  • a higher heating temperature should be controlled to ensure that sufficient magnesium vapor agglomerates and grows in the condensation zone, preferably 900-1500°C, and a smaller air flow and cooling water flow should be controlled, preferably 1-200LPM. Gas flow and 1-50LPM cooling water flow.
  • the raw materials evaporate rapidly.
  • the magnesium vapor purified by the filter device loses part of its heat after colliding with the slowly filled low-temperature gas, and enters the condensation zone under the combined action of the filling air flow and the vacuum pump suction force. Due to the installation of insulation materials and the control of small air flow and cooling water flow, the temperature of the condensation zone can be guaranteed to be between 400-700°C.
  • the magnesium vapor cools slowly and forms spherical magnesium under the action of surface tension, which is collected at different locations.
  • the spherical magnesium particles of different particle sizes collected on the device can be screened to obtain high-purity spherical magnesium products of different specifications.
  • high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder are prepared at the same time, control moderate production conditions, control the temperature of the heating zone to 800-1300°C, the gas flow rate to 100-400LPM, the cooling water flow rate to 30-70LPM, and the condensate temperature to 200 -600°C (the preferred temperature is 900-1200°C, the gas flow is 200-300LPM, the cooling water flow is 40-60LPM),
  • the magnesium vapor volatilized during the heating process collides with gas molecules and is carried by the air flow into the condensation zone. Due to the higher temperature in the condensation zone with an insulation layer underneath, the magnesium vapor cools slowly, producing high-purity spherical magnesium.
  • the magnesium vapor in the upper condensation zone without an insulation layer condenses rapidly and cools into a solid state before growing up, thereby obtaining high-purity magnesium powder. That is, high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder can be prepared simultaneously.
  • the charged gas and cooling water are collected and recycled. After testing, the purity of the obtained products, high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder, can reach 99.999%.
  • Run the heating program control the gas flow to 400LPM and the cooling water flow to 80LPM.
  • the raw materials evaporate slowly.
  • the magnesium vapor purified by the filter device loses a lot of heat after colliding with the charged low-temperature gas molecules. It enters the condensation zone under the combined action of the charged air flow and the vacuum pump.
  • the condensation zone Since the condensation zone is not equipped with an insulation device, in addition The combined effect of large flow gas filling and water cooling, the temperature of the condensation zone is 200°C, the magnesium vapor does not have time to grow up after nucleation on the collection device, and directly transforms from the gas phase to the solid phase, obtaining high-purity magnesium powder, each collection device Up The products are screened to obtain products of different specifications, and the cooling water and charged gas are collected and recycled.
  • the impurity content in the high-purity spherical magnesium and high-purity magnesium powder prepared in this application is less than 5 ppm, and the product purity obtained by the difference subtraction method is greater than 5N.
  • the obtained high-purity spherical magnesium tool It has good sphericity, and the obtained high-purity magnesium powder has a smooth surface and clear particles.
  • the two products have high purity and large specific surface area. After screening, spherical magnesium and magnesium powder products of different specifications can be obtained, which can meet the use requirements of reducing agents, desulfurizers, chemical products, 3D printing and other fields.
  • the equipment and method for preparing high-purity spherical magnesium and/or high-purity magnesium powder involved in the embodiments of the present application can be used in experimental research devices and methods, and can also be used in normal production as a method for producing high-purity magnesium.
  • Equipment and methods for producing pure spherical magnesium and/or high purity magnesium powder can be used in experimental research devices and methods, and can also be used in normal production as a method for producing high-purity magnesium.
  • Equipment and methods for producing pure spherical magnesium and/or high purity magnesium powder can be used in experimental research devices and methods, and can also be used in normal production as a method for producing high-purity magnesium.

Abstract

一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法，包括立式炉体（3），加热区和冷凝区；冷凝区外围由下至上依次设置第一保温装置（8）和第二保温装置（6），且第一保温装置（8）和第二保温装置（6）可拆卸安装；冷凝区外围设置有液冷装置；冷凝区还开设有气体入口和气体出口；冷凝区内壁设置有安装收集装置（4）的安装结构。通过控制物料的加热温度，冷凝区的冷凝条件，使蒸发的镁蒸气在冷凝区的收集装置（4）上凝结成不同形貌和尺寸的高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉。

Description

一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高纯金属材料制备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法。
背景技术
金属镁因为具有比强度和比刚度高、易于加工成型、阻尼减震性好、电磁屏蔽能力强等优点而广泛应用于汽车、航空航天、轨道交通、电子通讯、国防军工等领域，被誉为“21世纪绿色工程材料”。由于其良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性而被誉为“革命性的医用金属材料”。此外，由于镁具有活泼的化学性质而被应用于钢铁脱硫和战略金属还原剂。球形镁和镁粉比表面积大，表面活性强，可用于制造化工产品、炸药、烟火等，还是高效的还原剂、脱硫剂、3D打印原料。此外，镁粉还可应用于汽车、建材行业的高级镁粉颜料，太阳能光伏电池背板导电浆等高技术领域。
我国镁资源储量十分丰富，原镁产量多年来居世界第一，经过近几十年的发展，金属镁应用于合金生产、储氢材料、医用材料等领域的研究已取得了长足进步。而镁粉制备的相关研究在我国起步较晚且发展缓慢，目前生产镁粉的方法主要有雾化法、切削法、球磨法等，以上方法存在设备复杂，噪音大，产品尺寸不稳定，生产效率低，产品纯度低等缺陷，球形镁制备的相关研究则鲜有报道。因而开发一种简单高效的高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉的制备技术具有十分重要的意义。
专利201710726429.2提出了一种高纯镁粉末制备方法，使原料在700-1500℃(优选1000-1300℃)下的管式炉中升华并冷凝，可制备纯度99.9％的高纯镁粉，但该方法生产规模小、产品纯度有限。专利201310082862.9提出了一种高纯微细球形金属镁粉的气动雾化生产方法，用氩气雾化和氮气冷却的方法制备了球形镁粉，但该方法需要使用氮气、氩气及其降温和分离装置，设备昂贵，工艺复杂。
专利202011059832.2公布了一种类球形金属镁粉的生产装置及工艺，通过切削的方法制备了类球形镁粒，但该方法所得镁粉的粒度不能得到保证，且设备复杂，噪音大，产品粒度不稳定。
专利202111623596.7公布了一种超细高纯球形镁粉末制备装置和方法，该方法将120g镁锭保温40min，在蒸发气化炉、粒子冷凝器、旋风集尘器、气体过滤器和气体冷却器等设备共同作用下制备纯度为99.9％的镁粉，生产规模小，产品纯度低。
综上所述，现有技术存在着无法实现大规模生产，产品纯度低，设备复杂，工艺复杂等技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法，以解决现有技术中高纯球形镁及高纯镁粉制备规模小、产品纯度低、工艺和设备复杂等问题的至少一个。
本申请一方面提供一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，包括立式炉体，加热区和冷凝区，所述加热区和所述冷凝区设置在所述立式炉体内，且所述加热区位于所述冷凝区下方；所述加热区的外围设置加热体；所述冷凝区的外围由下至上依次设置第一保温装置和第二保温装置，且所述第一保温装置和第二保温装置可拆卸安装；所述冷凝区的外围还设置有液冷装置；所述冷凝区还开设有气体入口和气体出口；所述冷凝区的内壁设置有安装收集装置的安装结构。
进一步地，还包括过滤装置，所述过滤装置可拆卸设置在所述加热区和所述冷凝区之间。
进一步地，还包括多个收集装置，所述收集装置的宽度大于炉体直径的一半，小于炉体直径，并且交错设置在所述冷凝区的内壁上。
进一步地，所述冷凝装置包括冷却液入口，冷却液出口和冷却管道，所述冷却液出口设置在所述冷凝区对应立式炉体侧壁面的上方，所述冷却管道盘绕在所述加热区和/或冷凝区的外壁面，所述冷却液入口设置在所述加热区或冷凝区对应立式炉体侧壁面的下方。
进一步地，还包括真空泵和储气装置，所述真空泵通过管道和第一控制阀连接到所述气体出口，所述储气装置通过管道经第二控制阀和流量计连接到所述气体入口。
进一步地，还包括控制系统，所述控制系统包括加热控制系统，气体控制系统和冷却循环系统；所述加热控制系统连接所述加热体和分别设置在加热区和冷凝区内的温度传感器；所述气体控制系统连接 所述空气泵，所述第一控制阀，所述第二控制阀和所述流量计；所述冷却循环系统连接液体泵，所述液体泵使得冷却液在液冷装置内循环流动。
进一步地，还包括坩埚，所述坩埚设置在所述加热区内。
本申请另一方面，提供一种采用如前所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的方法，包括以下步骤：
S10.将粗镁或镁锭放入坩埚，将坩埚放置于所述坩埚的加热区内，在坩埚的上方依次安装过滤装置和收集装置，密闭所述立式炉体；
S20.开启真空泵和第一控制阀抽真空，当炉内真空度降至预设真空度后开始对加热区加热，同时打开第二控制阀和冷却液循环系统，保持气体和冷却液流动；所述气体为不与镁蒸汽反应的气体；
控制加热区的温度为650-1500℃，调节第二控制阀调节气体的流量为1-500LPM，调节冷却液流量为1-100LPM，控制冷凝区的温度为100-700℃；
S30.当所述粗镁或镁锭完全蒸发，停止加热；当温度降至室温后，关闭气体控制系统和冷却液循环系统，取出收集装置，得到高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉。
进一步地，控制加热区温度为650-900℃，调节第二控制阀使得气体流量为200-500LPM，调节冷却液流量为50-100LPM，控制冷凝区温度为100-400℃，以制备高纯镁粉；控制加热区的温度为900-1500℃，调节第二控制阀使得气体的流量为1-200LPM，调节冷却液的流量为1-50LPM，控制冷凝区的温度为400-700℃，以制备高纯球形镁；控制加热区的温度为800-1300℃，气体流量为100-400LPM，冷却水流量为30-70LPM，控制冷凝物温度为200-600℃(优选温度为900-1200℃，气体流量为200-300LPM，冷却水流量为40-60LPM)，以同时制备高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉。
进一步地，当制备高纯镁粉时，拆除所述第一保温装置和所述第二保温装置；当制备高纯球形镁时，安装所述第一保温装置和所述第二保温装置；当同时制备高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉时，安装所述第一保温装置，拆除所述第二保温装置。
采用本申请的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法，相对于现有技术，至少具有以下有益效果：
(1).本申请的设备采用立式结构，将原料蒸发、金属蒸气过滤纯化、金属蒸气冷凝、产品收集装置有效集成于同一设备内，通过以上装置的高效配合，在同一设备内实现了原料提纯与产品制备过程，解决了现有设备系统复杂、生产成本高、产品纯度低的问题。
(2).本申请的设备设置了可拆卸的第一保温装置和第二保温装置，协同液冷装置和冷却气体的使用，能够灵活控制冷凝区内的温度，有效控制设备内温度分布和温度梯度，避免了常规设备普遍采用的两段加热控温造成设备复杂及能耗升高的问题。并且能在同一套设备中分批次或同时制备两种产品，且同一批次所得高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉粒径不同，经筛分后可得到不同规格的产品，实现了同一套设备生产多样化产品。
(3).本申请的方法利用粗镁及镁锭中各元素饱和蒸气压不同、镁蒸气挥发冷凝、分子碰撞及金属蒸气形核结晶等原理，基于设备设计及条件控制，通过真空蒸馏和过滤装置使金属纯化，通过冷凝条件控制得到不同产品，所得产物纯度可达99.999％，可以满足不同领域的使用要求，避免了现有方法制备规模小、产品纯度低、工艺和设备复杂等问题。过程中所使用的冷却液和气体可循环使用，符合冶金及材料行业绿色可持续发展要求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例1的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例制备的高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉的扫描电镜图。
图中，1-控制系统，2-真空泵，3-立式炉体，4-收集装置，5-顶盖，6-第二保温装置，7-冷却液出口，8-第一保温装置，9-储气装置，10-流量计，11-原料，12-坩埚，13-加热体，14-冷却液入口，15-过滤装置。
具体实施方式
以下的说明提供了许多不同的实施例、或是例子，用来实施本发明的不同特征。以下特定例子所描述的元件和排列方式，仅用来精简的表达本发明，其仅作为例子，而并非用以限制本发明。
实施例1
一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，如图1所示，包括立式炉体3，加热区和冷凝区，所述加热区和所述冷凝区设置在所述立式炉体3内，且所述加热区位于所述冷凝区下方；
所述加热区的外围设置加热体13；所述冷凝区的外围由下至上依次设置第一保温装置8和第二保温装置6，且所述第一保温装置8和第二保温装置6可拆卸安装；所述冷凝区的外围还设置有液冷装置；所述冷凝区还开设有气体入口和气体出口；所述冷凝区的内壁设置有安装收集装置的安装结构。
第一保温装置和第二保温装置可以是石墨毡或保温棉等耐高温可拆卸的保温材料，直接包覆在冷凝区的外围；根据制备高纯球形镁或高纯镁粉的不同目的，选择性设置第一保温装置和/或第二保温装置。例如当要制备高纯镁粉时，需要控制较低的冷凝区温度，此时拆卸掉第一保温装置和第二保温装置，并加大液冷装置中冷却液的循环冷却效果，控制较大的惰性气体气流量，使得冷凝区的温度控制在相对较低的100-400℃之间；当要制备高纯球形镁时，此时装上第一保温装置和第二保温装置，控制较小的冷却液流速和惰性气体流速，使 得冷凝区的温度控制在相对较高的400-700℃之间；当要同时制备高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉时，此时安装第一保温装置，拆卸掉第二保温装置，使冷凝区温度控制在200-600℃之间。
冷凝区外围的液冷装置，用于使得冷却液在冷凝区外围流过，一般是以管道的形式缠绕在冷凝区的外壁上，缠绕方式可以螺旋形缠绕或其他方式缠绕，均是本领域的常规技术，在此不再赘述；本领域技术人员可以理解，冷却液可以根据情况选用，例如水或其他类型的冷却液，由于都是现有技术，在此不再赘述。
冷凝装置包括冷却液入口14，冷却液出口7和冷却管道，所示冷却液出口设置在所述冷凝区对应立式炉体的侧壁面上方，所述冷却管道盘绕在所述加热区和/或冷凝区外壁面，所述冷却液入口设置在所述加热区或冷凝区对应立式炉体的侧壁面下方。冷却液包括但不限于冷却水、冷却油等可以给炉体降温的冷却介质。
值得说明的是，冷却管道可以只在冷凝区的外围盘绕，只对冷凝区进行冷却，此时冷却液入口设置在冷凝区对应立式炉体侧壁面的下方；同时，冷却管道也可以同时盘绕在冷凝区和加热区的外围，此种设置可以在生产过程中起到同时对冷凝区和加热区冷却的作用，即无需再额外设置单独的冷凝装置对加热区进行冷却降温，并且便于实验结束后整个装置的降温冷却，此时冷却液的入口可以设置在加热区对应立式炉体的侧壁面的下方。
实验时，该液冷装置连接液体泵，通过液体泵将冷却液抽入到液冷装置内，使得冷却液在冷凝区外壁面流动，带走冷凝区内部的热量，并且为了便于控制冷却液的流量，还设置有对应的阀门和流量计。
冷凝区的气体入口和气体出口的设置方式，优选为，气体入口设置在冷凝区对应立式炉体的侧壁面的下方，气体出口设置在冷凝区对应立式炉体的另一侧壁面的上方，由此可以使得气体自下而上穿过整个冷凝区，起到最优的效果，既保证挥发出来的镁蒸气可以与充入的低温气体充分接触，又可使镁蒸气在充入气流及真空泵抽力的协同作用下被携带至冷凝区的收集装置上。
实验时，还设置了真空泵2和储气装置9，所述真空泵2通过管道和第一控制阀连接到所述气体出口，所述储气装置9通过管道经第二控制阀和流量计10连接到所述气体入口。通过第一控制阀控制抽气的速度和流量，通过第二控制阀控制气体充入冷凝区的速度和流量。充入冷凝区的气体是不与镁发生反应的气体，包括但不限于惰性气体氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气、氡气。
该装置还包括过滤装置，所述过滤装置可拆卸设置在所述加热区和所述冷凝区之间。所述过滤装置可以为石墨、陶瓷或金属制成的多孔材料，可以有效过滤原料中的灰分及大颗粒杂质，提高制备的高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的纯度。
还包括多个收集装置4，所述收集装置的宽度大于炉体直径的一半，小于炉体直径，并且交错设置在所述冷凝区的内壁上，收集装置可以是圆形石墨或不锈钢塔盘。该收集装置用于收集制备的高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉。
还包括坩埚12，所述坩埚设置在所述加热区内。本领域技术人员可以理解，坩埚用于盛放原料11。
还包括控制系统1，所述控制系统包括加热控制系统，气体控制系统和冷却循环系统；所述加热控制系统连接所述加热体和分别设置在加热区和冷凝区内的温度传感器；所述气体控制系统连接所述真空泵，所述第一控制阀，所述第二控制阀和所述流量计；所述冷却循环系统连接液体泵，所述液体泵使得冷却液在液冷装置内循环流动。加热控制系统还可以包括测温热电偶，分别设置在加热区和冷凝区，用于采集加热区和冷凝区的温度，并根据设定的温度范围控制加热体的加热；以及根据该测量的温度调整冷却循环系统和气体控制系统作动。
本设备还包括顶盖5，本领域技术人员可以理解，顶盖5具有类似炉门的作用，打开或关闭顶盖5可以打开或关闭炉体内部空间，用于放置或取出物料等。
实施例2
一种采用如实施例1的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的方法，包括以下步骤：
S10.将粗镁或镁锭放入坩埚，将坩埚放置于所述加热区内，在坩埚上方依次安装过滤装置和收集装置，密闭所述立式炉体；
S20.开启真空泵和第一控制阀抽真空，当炉内真空度降至预设真空度后开始对加热区加热，同时打开第二控制阀和冷却液循环系统，向所述冷凝区充入惰性气体；
控制加热区的温度为650-1500℃，调节第二控制阀控制气体的流量为1-500LPM；调节冷却液循环系统使得冷却液流量为1-100LPM， 控制冷凝区的温度为100-700℃，加热区温度和冷凝区的温度，以及气体和冷却液流量根据需要制备产品的不同来具体设置。例如，控制加热区温度为650-900℃，调节第二控制阀使得气体流量为200-500LPM，调节冷却液流量为50-100LPM，控制冷凝区温度为100-400℃，以制备高纯镁粉；控制加热区的温度为900-1500℃，调节第二控制阀使得气体的流量为1-200LPM，调节冷却液的流量为1-50LPM，控制冷凝区的温度为400-700℃，以制备高纯球形镁；控制加热区的温度为800-1300℃，气体流量为100-400LPM，冷却水流量为30-70LPM，控制冷凝物温度为200-600℃(优选温度为900-1200℃，气体流量为200-300LPM，冷却水流量为40-60LPM)，以同时制备高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉。
S30.当所述粗镁或镁锭完全蒸发，停止加热；当温度降至室温后，关闭气体循环系统和冷却液循环系统，取出收集装置，得到高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉。
采用本申请的装置和制备方法的原理为：利用饱和蒸气压、蒸发冷凝、分子碰撞、形核结晶等原理，以粗镁或镁锭为原料，控制适当温度使镁蒸发，低饱和蒸气压的杂质留在残余物中，蒸发的镁蒸气通过过滤装置被再次净化，经净化后的镁蒸气与充入的气体分子发生不同程度碰撞损失热量，并被气流携带进入冷凝区。通过炉体水冷、炉内气冷相结合的双重冷却手段，以及冷凝区保温装置的灵活设置、冷凝水和气体流量的调节，控制镁蒸气形核结晶过程，使镁蒸气冷凝成高纯球形镁或高纯镁粉。
具体地，若制备高纯镁粉，则控制较低的加热温度，以防止大量镁蒸气同时挥发并在冷凝区团聚长大，优选650-900℃，控制较大的气流流量和冷却水流量，优选200-500LPM气体流量和50-100LPM冷却水流量。加热过程中原料缓慢挥发，被过滤装置净化的镁蒸气与充入的低温气体分子充分碰撞后损失大量热量，在充入气流及真空泵抽力的共同作用下进入冷凝区。由于冷凝区外未放置保温装置以及充入气体和液冷的共同作用，可保证冷凝区温度在100-400℃之间，此时镁蒸气形核后未及长大就冷却成固态颗粒，在各层收集装置上收集的不同粒径高纯镁粉经筛分可得到不同规格的高纯镁粉产品。
若制备高纯球形镁，则控制较高的加热温度，以保证有足量镁蒸气在冷凝区团聚长大，优选900-1500℃，控制较小的气流流量和冷却水流量，优选1-200LPM气体流量和1-50LPM冷却水流量。加热过程中原料迅速挥发，被过滤装置净化的镁蒸气与缓慢充入的低温气体碰撞后损失部分热量，在充入气流及真空泵抽力的共同作用下进入冷凝区。由于加装了保温材料以及控制了较小的气流和冷却水流量，可保证冷凝区温度在400-700℃之间，镁蒸气缓慢冷却，在表面张力的作用下形成球形镁，在不同位置收集装置上收的不同粒径的球形镁颗粒，经过筛分可得到不通规格的高纯球形镁产品。
若同时制备高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉，则控制适中的生产条件，控制加热区的温度为800-1300℃，气体流量为100-400LPM，冷却水流量为30-70LPM，控制冷凝物温度为200-600℃(优选温度为900-1200℃，气体流量为200-300LPM，冷却水流量为40-60LPM)， 加热过程中挥发出来的镁蒸气与气体分子碰撞后被气流携带进入冷凝区，下方加装保温层的冷凝区由于温度较高，镁蒸气缓慢冷却，生成高纯球形镁。上方未加装保温层的冷凝区中镁蒸气快速冷凝，未及长大即冷却成固态，得到高纯镁粉。即可以同时制备高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉。
在以上过程中，充入气体和冷却水经收集后循环使用。经检测，所得产品高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉纯度可达99.999％。
实施例3
(1)装料
将5kg粗镁放入坩埚中，将坩埚置于加热区，在坩埚上依次放置过滤器、冷凝物收集装置、顶盖，安装完成后关闭炉盖，封闭设备。
(2)抽气
检查设备正常且安装无误后，设置加热区温度升至700℃并保温120min，开启真空泵并保持真空泵运行。
(3)高纯镁粉制备
运行加热程序，控制气体流量为400LPM，冷却水流量为80LPM。加热过程中原料缓慢挥发，被过滤装置净化的镁蒸气与充入的低温气体分子碰撞后损失大量热量，在充入气流及真空泵的共同作用下进入冷凝区，由于冷凝区未设置保温装置，加之较大流量充入气体和水冷的共同作用，冷凝区温度为200℃，镁蒸气在收集装置上未及形核后未及长大，由气相直接转变为固相，得到高纯镁粉，各收集装置上的 产物经筛分后得到不通规格产品，冷却水及充入气体经收集后循环使用。
实施例4
(1)装料
将5kg镁锭放入坩埚中，将坩埚置于加热区，在坩埚上依次放置过滤器、冷凝物收集装置、顶盖，在冷凝物收集装置外围放置第一、第二保温装置。安装完成后关闭炉盖，封闭设备。
(2)抽气
检查设备正常且安装无误后，设置加热区温度为1200℃保温60min，开启真空泵并保持真空泵运行。
(3)高纯球形镁制备
运行加热程序，控制气体流量为100LPM，冷却水流量为30LPM。加热过程中原料迅速挥发，被过滤装置净化的镁蒸气与充入的低温气体分子碰撞后损失部分热量，在充入气流及真空泵的共同作用下进入冷凝区，由于冷凝区设置保温装置，且充入气体和冷却水的流量较小，冷凝区温度为650℃，因此镁蒸气进入冷凝区后不会立即冷却，在收集装置上冷凝成液态并形核长大，得到高纯球形镁，各收集装置上的产物经筛分后得到不通规格产品，冷却水及充入气体经收集后循环使用。
实施例5
(1)装料
将5kg镁锭放入坩埚中，将坩埚置于加热区，在坩埚上依次放置过滤器、冷凝物收集装置、顶盖，在冷凝区外围放置第一保温装置。安装完成后关闭炉盖，封闭设备。
(2)抽气
检查设备正常且安装无误后，设置加热区温度升至850℃并保温90min，开启真空泵并保持真空泵运行。
(3)高纯球形镁、高纯镁粉制备
运行加热程序，控制气体流量为200LPM，冷却水流量为50LPM，当原料挥发时，镁蒸气通过过滤装置进入冷凝区，与上述实施例原理相同，由于下方冷凝区与加热区温度梯度较小，镁蒸气缓慢冷却并长大生成球形镁，而上方冷凝区与加热区温度梯度大，镁蒸气未及长大即冷凝成镁粉，各收集装置上的产物经筛分后得到不通产品，冷却水及充入气体经收集后循环使用。
采用本申请的制备装置和方法所制备的高纯球形镁、高纯镁粉的杂质含量及纯度如表1所示，扫描电镜图如图2所示。
表1高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉的杂质含量及纯度(ppm)
可以看出，本申请制备的高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉中各杂质含量均小于5ppm，通过差减法可得产品纯度均大于5N。所得高纯球形镁具 有较好的球形度，所得高纯镁粉表面光滑，颗粒分明。两种产物纯度高，比表面积大，经筛分后可得到不同规格的球形镁和镁粉产品，可满足还原剂、脱硫剂、化工产品、3D打印等领域的使用要求。
值得说明的是，本申请的实施例中所涉及的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法，可以用于实验研究装置和方法，也可以用于正常生产，作为生产高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备及方法。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，其特征在于，包括立式炉体，加热区和冷凝区，所述加热区和所述冷凝区设置在所述立式炉体内，且所述加热区位于所述冷凝区下方；
    所述加热区的外围设置加热体；
    所述冷凝区的外围由下至上依次设置第一保温装置和第二保温装置，且所述第一保温装置和第二保温装置可拆卸安装；
    所述冷凝区的外围还设置有液冷装置；
    所述冷凝区还开设有气体入口和气体出口；
    所述冷凝区的内壁设置有安装收集装置的安装结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，其特征在于，还包括过滤装置，所述过滤装置可拆卸设置在所述加热区和所述冷凝区之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，其特征在于，还包括多个收集装置，所述收集装置的宽度大于炉体直径的一半，小于炉体直径，并且交错设置在所述冷凝区的内壁上。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，其特征在于，所述冷凝装置包括冷却液入口，冷却液出口和冷却管道，所述冷却液出口设置在所述冷凝区对应立式炉体侧壁面的上方，所述冷却管道盘绕在所述加热区和/或冷凝区的外壁面，所述冷却液入口设置在所述加热区或冷凝区对应立式炉体侧壁面的 下方。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，其特征在于，还包括真空泵和储气装置，所述真空泵通过管道和第一控制阀连接到所述气体出口，所述储气装置通过管道经第二控制阀和流量计连接到所述气体入口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，其特征在于，还包括控制系统，所述控制系统包括加热控制系统，气体控制系统和冷却循环系统；
    所述加热控制系统连接所述加热体和分别设置在加热区和冷凝区内的温度传感器；
    所述气体控制系统连接所述真空泵，所述第一控制阀，所述第二控制阀和所述流量计；
    所述冷却循环系统连接液体泵，所述液体泵使得冷却液在液冷装置内循环流动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备，其特征在于，还包括坩埚，所述坩埚设置在所述加热区内。
  8. 一种采用如权利要求1-7任一所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的设备制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S10.将粗镁或镁锭放入坩埚，将坩埚放置于所述加热区内，在坩埚的上方依次安装过滤装置和收集装置，密闭所述立式炉体；
    S20.开启真空泵和第一控制阀抽真空，当炉内真空度降至预设 真空度后开始对加热区加热，同时打开第二控制阀和冷却液循环系统，保持气体和冷却液流动；所述气体为不与镁蒸气反应的气体，所述冷却液为水、油等冷却介质；
    控制加热区温度为650-1500℃，调节第二控制阀使得气体流量为1-500LPM，调节冷却液流量为1-100LPM，控制冷凝区的温度为100-700℃；
    S30.当所述粗镁或镁锭完全蒸发，停止加热；当温度降至室温后，关闭气体控制系统和冷却液循环系统，取出收集装置，得到高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种制备高纯球形镁和/或高纯镁粉的方法，其特征在于，控制加热区温度为650-900℃，调节第二控制阀使得气体流量为200-500LPM，调节冷却液流量为50-100LPM，控制冷凝区温度为100-400℃，以制备高纯镁粉；控制加热区的温度为900-1500℃，调节第二控制阀使得气体的流量为1-200LPM，调节冷却液的流量为1-50LPM，控制冷凝区的温度为400-700℃，以制备高纯球形镁；控制加热区的温度为800-1300℃，气体流量为100-400LPM，冷却水流量为30-70LPM，控制冷凝物温度为200-600℃，优选温度为900-1200℃，气体流量为200-300LPM，冷却水流量为40-60LPM，以同时制备高纯球形镁和高纯镁粉。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，当制备高纯镁粉时，拆除所述第一保温装置和所述第二保温装置；当制备高纯球形镁时，安装所述第一保温装置和所述第二保温装置；当同时制备高纯球 形镁和高纯镁粉时，安装所述第一保温装置，拆除所述第二保温装置。
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