WO2024037237A1 - 定子、电机和车辆 - Google Patents

定子、电机和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024037237A1
WO2024037237A1 PCT/CN2023/105743 CN2023105743W WO2024037237A1 WO 2024037237 A1 WO2024037237 A1 WO 2024037237A1 CN 2023105743 W CN2023105743 W CN 2023105743W WO 2024037237 A1 WO2024037237 A1 WO 2024037237A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
stator
slot
conductor
conductors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/105743
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈金涛
王飞
徐旺
赵旭
Original Assignee
安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司
广东威灵汽车部件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司, 广东威灵汽车部件有限公司 filed Critical 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司
Publication of WO2024037237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024037237A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more specifically, to a stator, a motor and a vehicle.
  • most flat wire winding motors use hairpin windings.
  • the processes include hairpin winding shaping, twisting and enlarging, welding, etc.
  • the process requirements of each process are very complex, and this structure limits the winding method of flat wires. It is not easy to change the number of flat wire layers.
  • This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one purpose of this application is to propose a stator that reduces the difficulty of the process.
  • This application also proposes a motor with the above stator.
  • This application also proposes a vehicle having the above motor.
  • a stator includes: a stator core having a plurality of stator slots; a stator winding including a plurality of first coil groups installed on the stator core; A plurality of second coil groups, the first coil group including a first coil, at least one second coil and a third coil arranged concentrically and with increasing pitch, the second coil group including a third coil arranged concentrically and with increasing pitch.
  • the first coil, the second coil, the third coil, the fourth coil, the fifth coil and the sixth coil all include Two conductors in the slot, the pitch of the first coil and the fourth coil is greater than or equal to 4, the first coil, the second coil, the third coil, the fourth coil,
  • the fifth coil and the sixth coil are both prefabricated coils, wherein a plurality of the first coil groups are distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and two adjacent third coils are The slot conductors are located in the same stator slot, and the stator slot is located between the slot conductor of the first coil and the slot conductor of the third coil.
  • a conductor in the slot of the second coil There is a conductor in the slot of the second coil, a plurality of second coil groups are distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and two adjacent sixth coils have conductors in the adjacent slots.
  • the conductor is located in the same stator slot, and the fifth stator slot is located between the slot conductor of the fourth coil and the slot conductor of the sixth coil.
  • the slot conductors of the coil, each slot conductor of the fourth coil and one slot conductor of the first coil are located in the same stator tooth slot.
  • stator according to the above embodiments of the present application may also have the following additional technical features:
  • the in-slot conductor of the first coil, the in-slot conductor of the third coil, the in-slot conductor of the fourth coil, and the in-slot conductor of the sixth coil The number of conductors included in the conductor in the slot is equal and both are n.
  • the conductors in the slots include a layer of conductor groups or a multi-layer conductor group arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and each layer of the conductor groups includes a conductor group along the stator core. A plurality of said conductors arranged radially.
  • two in-slot conductors located in the same stator tooth slot are arranged along the radial direction of the stator core.
  • the slot width of the stator tooth slot is W, and the slot width of the stator tooth slot is L, and 0.5W ⁇ L ⁇ 0.9W.
  • the first coil, the second coil and the third coil each include two conductors in the slot, two first circumferential conductors and four conductors connected in the slot.
  • conductor and a first connecting conductor of the first circumferential conductor, the first circumferential conductor extends along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and the first connecting conductor extends along the radial direction of the stator core;
  • the fourth coil, the fifth coil and the sixth coil each include two conductors in the slot, two second circumferential conductors and four conductors connecting the conductors in the slot and the second circumferential conductor.
  • the second connecting conductor extends along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and the second connecting conductor extends along the axial direction of the stator core.
  • the stator core includes an annular stator yoke portion and a plurality of stator tooth portions arranged at intervals along the circumference of the stator yoke portion, and the first circumferential conductor is located on the stator.
  • the second circumferential conductor is located axially outside the yoke portion and the stator tooth portion.
  • the second circumferential conductor in the axial direction of the stator core, is located on a side of the first circumferential conductor away from the stator core.
  • the slot conductor of the fourth coil is located on a side of the slot conductor of the first coil away from the stator yoke.
  • the first circumferential conductors of the first coil, the second coil and the third coil are along the diameter of the stator core. are arranged in sequence; in the same second coil group, the second circumferential conductors of the fourth coil, the fifth coil and the sixth coil are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the stator core. cloth.
  • the stator windings include multi-phase windings, and the first coil group and the second coil group corresponding to the same phase are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and each phase winding It includes multiple branches connected in parallel, and each branch is connected in series with the first coil, the second coil and the third coil of the first coil group, and/or the second coil is connected in series.
  • the fourth coil, the fifth coil and the sixth coil of the group are multi-phase windings, and the first coil group and the second coil group corresponding to the same phase are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and each phase winding It includes multiple branches connected in parallel, and each branch is connected in series with the first coil, the second coil and the third coil of the first coil group, and/or the second coil is connected in series.
  • the fourth coil, the fifth coil and the sixth coil of the group are examples of the stator windings.
  • the number of slots of the stator tooth slots is 48, and the number of pole pairs of the stator is 6.
  • a motor according to an embodiment of the present application includes a stator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application includes a motor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1 is an axial view of a stator core according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator winding according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an axial perspective view of a stator winding according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the area circled A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator core and a first coil group according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 is an axial perspective view of the stator core and the first coil group according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of one phase winding according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is an axial perspective view of one of the phase windings according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first coil group according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is an axial perspective view of the first coil group according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a first coil according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a second coil according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a third coil according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a second coil group according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is an axial perspective view of the second coil group according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth coil according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth coil according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth coil according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic circuit diagram of the same phase winding according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic circuit diagram of the same phase winding according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Stator 100 motor 200; vehicle 300;
  • Stator core 10 stator tooth slot 101; stator tooth portion 11; stator yoke portion 12; tooth shoe 13;
  • Stator winding 20 slot conductor 21; conductor group 211; conductor 212;
  • the first coil group 30 The first coil 31; the second coil 32; the third coil 33; the first circumferential conductor 34; the first connecting conductor 35;
  • first feature and second feature may include one or more of these features, and “plurality” means two or more.
  • the first feature is in the “second feature” “Above” or “below” may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are in contact not directly but through another feature between them, the first feature being in contact with the second feature “Above,” “above,” and “above” include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher horizontally than the second feature.
  • stator 100 according to the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the stator 100 may include: a stator core 10 and a stator winding 20 .
  • the stator core 10 has a plurality of stator slots 101 .
  • the stator core 10 may include a stator yoke 12 and a stator tooth 11, wherein the stator yoke 12 is annular and has a plurality of stator teeth 11, and the plurality of stator teeth 11 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator yoke 12. And is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the stator yoke 12 for use in the inner rotor motor 200. In other words, the outer end of each stator tooth portion 11 along the radial direction of the stator core 10 is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the stator yoke 12.
  • each stator tooth portion 11 may define a stator hole coaxial with the stator yoke portion 12 .
  • a plurality of stator teeth 11 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the stator yoke 12 for use in the outer rotor motor 200 .
  • the inner end of each stator tooth 11 along the radial direction of the stator core 10 is in contact with the stator yoke 12 .
  • Peripheral connection As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 , a stator tooth slot 101 is formed between two adjacent stator tooth portions 11 .
  • the stator yoke 12 can provide mechanical support for the plurality of stator teeth 11 to fix the position of the stator teeth 11 .
  • the stator teeth 11 may be integrally formed with the stator yoke 12 .
  • stator 100 The specific structure of the stator 100 will be described below by taking the stator teeth 11 disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the stator yoke 12 as an example. According to the following description, the embodiment in which the stator teeth 11 are disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the stator yoke 12 will be useful to those skilled in the art. The words are understandable.
  • the stator winding 20 includes a plurality of first coil groups 30 and a plurality of second coil groups 40 installed on the stator core 10 .
  • the first coil group 30 includes a first coil 31, at least one second coil 32 and a third coil 33 arranged concentrically, and the pitches of the first coil 31, at least one second coil 32 and the third coil 33 are increasing, The pitches of the first coils 31 are all greater than or equal to 4.
  • the second coil group 40 includes a concentrically arranged fourth coil 41 , at least one fifth coil 42 and a sixth coil 43 , and the pitches of the fourth coil 41 , at least one fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 increase.
  • the pitch of the coil 41 is greater than or equal to 4.
  • Each coil (the first coil 31 , the second coil 32 , the third coil 33 , the fourth coil 41 , the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 ) includes two slot conductors 21 , respectively.
  • the difference in numbers of the stator slots 101 where the conductors 21 are located in the two slots is the pitch (or slot span) of the coil.
  • the stator core 10 has a total of S stator slots 101, which are numbered sequentially along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 in the order of No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, ..., S-No. 1, and No. S.
  • One of the slot conductors 21 of a certain coil is located in the No.
  • stator slot 101 1 stator slot 101, and the other slot conductor 21 is located in the No. 6 stator slot 101, then the slot span of the coil is 5; one of the slot conductors 21 of a certain coil It is located in the stator slot 101 of No. S, and the conductor 21 in the other slot is located in the stator slot 101 of No. 7, so the slot span of the coil is 7.
  • the pitch of the first coil 31 is 4 (short pitch), the number of the second coil 32 is 1 and the pitch is 6 (full pitch), and the third coil 33
  • the pitch of the fourth coil 41 is 4 (short pitch)
  • the fifth coil 42 is 1 and the pitch is 6 (full pitch)
  • the pitch of the third coil 33 is 4 (short pitch).
  • the pitch is 8 (long pitch).
  • the pitches of the plurality of second coils 32 increase and the pitch difference between two adjacent second coils 32 is 2.
  • the pitches of the plurality of fifth coils 42 increase and the pitch difference between two adjacent fifth coils 42 is 2.
  • a plurality of first coil groups 30 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the adjacent slot conductors 21 of two adjacent third coils 33 are located in the same stator tooth slot 101 , that is, one slot conductor 21 of any third coil 33 and one slot of the adjacent third coil 33
  • the inner conductors 21 share a slot, and the conductor 21 in another slot of the third coil 33 shares a slot with the conductor 21 in one slot of the adjacent third coil 33 .
  • the slot conductor 21 of the second coil 32 is disposed in the stator slot 101 between the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 and the slot conductor 21 of the third coil 33 , that is, in each slot of the second coil 32
  • the conductor 21 occupies one stator tooth slot 101 alone.
  • the plurality of second coil groups 40 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the adjacent slot conductors 21 of two adjacent sixth coils 43 are located in the same stator slot 101 , that is, one slot conductor 21 of any sixth coil 43 is the same as one slot of the adjacent sixth coil 43 .
  • the inner conductors 21 share a slot, and the conductor 21 in another slot of the sixth coil 43 shares a slot with the conductor 21 in one slot of the adjacent sixth coil 43 .
  • the slot conductor 21 of the fifth coil 42 is disposed in the stator slot 101 between the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 and the slot conductor 21 of the sixth coil 43 , that is, in each slot of the fifth coil 42
  • the conductor 21 occupies one stator tooth slot 101 alone.
  • each slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 and one slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 are located in the same stator slot 101 . Therefore, the plurality of first coil groups 30 and the plurality of second coil groups 40 can be staggered by a preset angle in the circumferential direction of the stator core 10. The preset angle is half of the corresponding central angle of the first coil group 30, so as to Between the two slot conductors 21 of each fourth coil 41, half of the slot conductors 21 of the second coil 32 and third coil 33 of the first coil group 30 and the third coil of the other first coil group 30 are arranged.
  • Half of the slot conductors 21 of the second coil 32 and the third coil 33; half of the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 of the second coil group 40 are arranged between the two slot conductors 21 of each first coil 31 The conductor 21 in the slot and half of the conductor 21 in the slot of the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 of the other second coil group 40 .
  • the stator core 10 has 48 stator tooth slots 101, which are numbered No. 1, No. 2, No. 3... No. 47, No. 48 in sequence.
  • Each first coil group 30 includes three concentrically arranged coils, namely a first coil 31 , a second coil 32 and a third coil 33
  • each second coil group 40 also includes three concentrically arranged coils, namely a fourth coil.
  • the slot numbers corresponding to the conductors 21 in the two slots of the first coil 31 are No. 3 and 7, and the slot numbers corresponding to the conductors 21 in the two slots of the second coil 32 are No. 2.
  • the slot numbers corresponding to the two slot conductors 21 of the third coil 33 are No. 1 and No. 9; in the adjacent first coil group 30, the two slot conductors 21 of the first coil 31
  • the corresponding slot numbers are No. 11 and No. 15, the slot numbers corresponding to the conductors 21 in the two slots of the second coil 32 are No. 10 and No. 16, and the slots corresponding to the conductors 21 in the two slots of the third coil 33
  • the numbers are No. 9 and No.
  • the slot numbers corresponding to the two slot conductors 21 of the fourth coil 41 are No. 7 and No. 11, and the two slot conductors of the fifth coil 42
  • the slot numbers corresponding to 21 are No. 6 and No. 12, and the slot numbers corresponding to the conductors 21 in the two slots of the sixth coil 43 are No. 5 and No. 13
  • the fourth coil The slot numbers corresponding to the conductors 21 in the two slots of 41 are No. 15 and 19, the slot numbers corresponding to the conductors 21 in the two slots of the fifth coil 42 are No. 14 and 20, and the two slots of the sixth coil 43
  • the slot numbers corresponding to the conductor 21 in the slot are No. 13 and No. 21.
  • the stator winding 20 is composed of six types of coils: a first coil 31, a second coil 32, a third coil 33, a fourth coil 41, a fifth coil 42, and a sixth coil 43, and the first coil 31, the second coil 32,
  • the third coil 33, the fourth coil 41, the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 are all prefabricated coils.
  • a plurality of first coil groups 30 can be sequentially installed into the corresponding stator slots 101 of the stator core 10.
  • Each first coil group 30 sequentially installs the third coil 33, the second coil 32 and the first coil.
  • the coil 31 is installed into the corresponding stator tooth slot 101, and then a plurality of second coil groups 40 are installed into the corresponding stator tooth slot 101 of the stator core 10 in sequence.
  • Each second coil group 40 sequentially installs the fourth coil 41, the The fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 are installed in corresponding stator tooth slots 101 .
  • the plurality of third coils 33 can be installed into the stator core 10 in sequence, then the plurality of second coils 32 can be installed in the stator core 10 in sequence, and then the plurality of first coils 31 can be installed in the stator core 10 in sequence. , then the plurality of fourth coils 41 are installed in the stator core 10 in sequence, the plurality of fifth coils 42 are installed in the stator core 10 in sequence, and the plurality of sixth coils 43 are installed in the stator core 10 in sequence.
  • the installation sequence of each coil includes but is not limited to this, and it only needs to meet the requirements that each coil can be installed to the stator core 10 in an orderly manner.
  • the coil winding process is not limited by the small space of the stator core 10, and the position arrangement and bending direction of the conductors 212 included in the coil are easy to control during the winding process. This is conducive to improving the winding efficiency and qualification rate, and is conducive to meeting the needs of different stators 100 for changing the number of coils and the number of conductors included in the coils.
  • the number of conductors included in the slot conductors 21 located in the same stator slot 101 is relatively small, which is more conducive to orderliness in the winding and installation process of the slot conductors 21 and makes it more flexible to adjust the number of included conductors.
  • the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 30 are formed by prefabricated first coil 31, second coil 32, third coil 33, fourth coil 41, fifth coil 42 and sixth coil 43.
  • the coil group 40 is installed in the stator slot 101 of the stator core 10 in an orderly manner, which can avoid mutual interference between the coils, reduce the difficulty of the assembly process, and improve the production efficiency and qualification rate.
  • the number of coils and the number of conductors included in each coil can be easily adjusted to meet the application requirements of different motors 200 .
  • the arrangement of the conductors 21 in the two slots located in the same stator slot 101 can be flexibly set according to the actual situation.
  • two in-slot conductors 21 located in the same stator slot 101 are arranged in the radial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the slot conductors 21 of the two third coils 33 are both located in the No. 9 stator slot 101.
  • the slot conductor 21 of one third coil 33 is located in the radial outer ring of the No. 9 stator slot 101, and the other third coil 33 is located in the radial outer ring of the No. 9 stator slot 101.
  • the slot conductor 21 of the coil 33 is located in the radial inner circle of the No.
  • stator tooth slot 101 as another example, one slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 and one slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 are both located in the No. 7 stator tooth.
  • the in-slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 is located in the radial outer ring of the No. 7 stator tooth slot 101
  • the in-slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 is located in the radial inner ring of the No. 7 stator tooth slot 101. Therefore, when installing the stator winding 20, the slot conductor 21 located in the radial outer ring can be installed into the stator slot 101 first, so that the slot is connected to the slot through the slot bottom wall and two slot side walls of the stator slot 101.
  • the inner conductor 21 is limited, and then the slot conductor 21 located in the radial inner ring is installed into the stator tooth slot 101, which is more conducive to orderly installation of the two slot conductors 21 and avoids mutual interference.
  • two in-slot conductors 21 located in the same stator slot 101 may be arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the conductors 21 in the slots of the two third coils 33 are located in the No. 9 stator tooth slot 101.
  • the two third coils 33 are arranged left and right in the circumferential direction of the stator core 10.
  • the slots of the third coil 33 on the left are
  • the inner conductor 21 is located on the left side of the slot conductor 21 of the third coil 33 on the right; for another example, one slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 and one slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 are both located on the No. 7 stator tooth.
  • the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 is located on the right side of the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 (ie, the side close to the adjacent slot conductor 21 belonging to the same first coil group 30). Therefore, multi-layer conductors 212 arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 are formed in the same stator tooth slot 101, thereby increasing the diversity of the motor 200.
  • the conductor 21 in the slot may include a layer of conductor group 211 , and the conductor group 211 includes a plurality of conductors 212 arranged along the radial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • conductor 212 may be a flat wire.
  • the conductor 21 in the slot of the first coil 31 is a single-layer conductor group 211 and includes four conductors 212
  • the conductor 21 in the slot of the second coil 32 is The single-layer conductor group 211 includes eight conductors 212.
  • the conductor 21 in the slot of the third coil 33 is a single-layer conductor group 211 and includes four conductors 212.
  • the conductor 21 in the slot of the fourth coil 41 is a single-layer conductor group 211 and It includes four conductors 212 .
  • the conductor 21 in the slot of the fifth coil 42 is a single-layer conductor group 211 and includes eight conductors 212 .
  • the conductor 21 in the slot of the sixth coil 43 is a single-layer conductor group 211 and includes four conductors 212 .
  • the single-layer conductor 212 is easier to install, and the conductors 21 in some slots include fewer conductors, which further reduces the difficulty of installation and makes it easier to install multiple conductors 212 in an orderly manner.
  • the two in-slot conductors 21 located in the same stator slot 101 can be arranged along the radial direction of the stator core 10 , for example, the four conductors 212 of the fourth coil 41 and the four conductors 212 of the first coil 31 are arranged along the stator iron.
  • the core 10 is radially stacked to form a single layer conductor set 211 including eight conductors 212 .
  • the conductors 21 in the slots may include multi-layer conductor groups 211 arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 , and each layer of conductor groups 211 includes multiple layers arranged along the radial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • conductor 212 the conductors 21 in the slots of the first coil 31 , the third coil 33 , the fourth coil 41 and the sixth coil 43 are all double-layer conductor groups 211 , and each layer of the conductor group 211 includes a conductor group along the radial direction.
  • the four conductors 212 arranged, the conductors 21 in the slots of the second coil 32 and the fifth coil 42 are all double-layer conductor groups 211, and each layer of conductor groups 211 includes eight conductors 212 arranged in the radial direction, located in the same position.
  • the two in-slot conductors 21 in the stator slot 101 may be arranged in the radial direction of the stator core 10 , for example, the two conductor groups 211 of the fourth coil 41 and the two conductor groups 211 of the first coil 31 are arranged in the radial direction. Stacked to form a double layer conductor set 211 including eight conductors 212 per layer.
  • the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 , the slot conductor 21 of the third coil 33 , the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 and the sixth coil are The number of conductors included in the slot conductor 21 of the coil 43 is equal and both are n.
  • the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 , the slot conductor 21 of the third coil 33 , the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 and the slot conductor of the sixth coil 43 Each of the slot conductors 21 of the second coil 32 and the fifth coil 42 includes eight conductors 212 . So that the slot conductors 21 of the first coil 31 and the slot conductors 21 of the fourth coil 41 share the same slot, the slot conductors 21 of the two third coils 33 share the same slot, and the slot conductors 21 of the two sixth coils 43 share the same slot.
  • the number of conductors in each stator slot 101 is eight, so that the conductors 212 in the multiple stator slots 101 of the stator core 10 are evenly distributed, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the motor 200, and the first coil 31,
  • the structure of the third coil 33, the fourth coil 41 and the sixth coil 43 is simpler, which is beneficial to reducing the types of coils and reducing the difficulty of winding and assembly.
  • the number of conductors included in the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 , the slot conductor 21 of the third coil 33 , the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 and the slot conductor 21 of the sixth coil 43 may include three conductors 212, and the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 may include five conductors 212, so that the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 and After the conductors 21 in the slots of the fourth coil 41 are arranged in the same slot, the number of conductors in the stator slots 101 is also eight, which can also make the conductors 212 in multiple stator slots 101 evenly distributed.
  • multiple conductors 212 of the conductor 21 in the same slot can be wound by the same wire, which is beneficial to simplifying the production process and improving production efficiency.
  • the conductor 21 in the slot includes a multi-layer conductor group 211
  • multiple conductors 212 located in the same conductor group 211 can be wound from the same conductor, and each layer of the wound conductor group 211 is loaded into After entering the stator slots 101, the multi-layer conductor groups 211 are welded to form a series structure, which not only meets performance requirements such as improving torque, but also further reduces the installation difficulty of the stator winding 20 in the stator core 10 and improves assembly efficiency.
  • the slot width of the stator tooth slot 101 is smaller than the slot width of the stator tooth slot 101 to reduce the slot size of the stator tooth slot 101, which is beneficial to increasing the torque, reducing the air gap, and harmonics.
  • the waves are lighter, which is beneficial to improving NVH performance, reducing noise, and reducing iron loss of the stator core 10 .
  • the stator tooth slot 101 has a first inner side and a second inner side that are opposite to each other.
  • the distance between the first inner side and the second inner side is W.
  • the first inner side is At least one of the end of the side surface and the end of the second inner side (such as the inner end corresponding to the inner rotor motor 200 or the outer end corresponding to the outer rotor motor 200) is provided with a tooth shoe, and a stator tooth slot is formed at the tooth shoe.
  • the slot of 101 in other words, the end of at least one of the two sides of the stator tooth 11 facing away from each other is provided with a tooth shoe, so that the stator tooth 11 is formed into an unequal width structure, and the slot width of the stator tooth 101 is less than The width of the stator tooth slot 101.
  • the slot width of the stator tooth slot 101 is W
  • the slot width of the stator tooth slot 101 is L
  • W and L satisfy: 0.5W ⁇ L ⁇ 0.9W. If L/W is too small, it will be difficult to install the conductor 21 in the stator slot 101, making installation difficult; if L/W is too large, the size of the slot will be too large, which is not conducive to increasing torque and reducing noise and iron loss. . Within the above proportion range, the requirements for low installation difficulty and improved performance such as torque are taken into account.
  • L/W may be 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, etc.
  • the slot width of the stator tooth slot 101 is greater than the width of the conductor 212 .
  • the “slot width” refers to the size of the slot in the circumferential direction of the stator core 10; the “width of the conductor 212” refers to the conductor 212 perpendicular to the stator core in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the stator core 10.
  • Radial dimensions for example, as shown in Figure 4, the cross-section of the conductor 212 perpendicular to the axis of the stator core 10 is generally rectangular, and the length of the rectangle is the width of the conductor 212.
  • the conductor 212 can be smoothly installed into the stator slot 101 while reducing the size of the slot.
  • the first coil 31 , the second coil 32 and the third coil 33 each include two slot conductors 21 , two first circumferential conductors 34 and Four first connecting conductors 35 .
  • the two in-slot conductors 21 are respectively located in the stator tooth slots 101 and extend along the axial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the two first circumferential conductors 34 are respectively located on both axial sides of the stator core 10 .
  • the first circumferential conductor 34 Extending along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10, the first connecting conductor 35 extends along the radial direction of the stator core 10, and the first connecting conductor 35 is used to connect the corresponding slot conductor 21 and the first circumferential conductor 34, so that The coils form a ring structure.
  • the fourth coil 41, the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 each include two slot conductors 21, two second circumferential conductors 44 and four third Two connecting conductors 45.
  • the two in-slot conductors 21 are respectively located in the stator tooth slots 101 and extend along the axial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the two second circumferential conductors 44 are respectively located on both sides of the stator core 10 in the axial direction.
  • the second circumferential conductors 44 Extending along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10, the second connecting conductor 45 extends along the axial direction of the stator core 10, and the second connecting conductor 45 is used to connect the corresponding slot conductor 21 and the second circumferential conductor 44, so that The coils form a ring structure.
  • the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 form different coil group structures, and the first connecting conductor 35 extends in the radial direction, and the second connecting conductor 45 extends in the axial direction, so that the first circumferential conductor 34 and the second circumferential conductor 44 can be staggered by a certain distance in both the axial direction and the radial direction of the stator core 10, so that interference between the coil groups in the radial direction and the axial direction is less likely to occur.
  • the stator core 10 includes an annular stator yoke 12 and a plurality of stator teeth 11 , and the plurality of stator teeth 11 are along the circumferential direction of the stator yoke 12 Spaced arrangement.
  • the first circumferential conductor 34 is located axially outside the stator yoke 12
  • the second circumferential conductor 44 is located axially outside the stator tooth portion 11 .
  • the projection of the first circumferential conductor 34 along the axial direction of the stator core 10 falls within the projection range of the stator yoke 12 , and the projection of the second circumferential conductor 44 along the axial direction of the stator core 10 is located between the stator yoke 12 and the stator. in the area between the holes. Therefore, the first circumferential conductor 34 of the first coil group 30 and the second circumferential conductor 44 of the second coil group 40 are staggered in the radial direction of the stator core 10 , so that the first coil group is staggered in the circumferential direction. 30 and the second coil group 40 are arranged to avoid interference and facilitate installation.
  • the second circumferential conductor 44 in the axial direction of the stator core 10 , is located on a side of the first circumferential conductor 34 away from the stator core 10 . Therefore, the first circumferential conductor 34 and the second circumferential conductor 44 are staggered in the axial direction of the stator core 10 to meet the arrangement requirements of the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 that are staggered in the circumferential direction and avoid the occurrence of put one's oar in.
  • the plurality of first coil groups 30 can be installed into the corresponding stator slots 101 first, so that the two first circumferential conductors 34 of each coil of the first coil group 30 are respectively located on the stator yoke 12 axially on both sides, and the first circumferential conductor 34 has a clearance fit with the stator yoke 12; then multiple second coil groups 40 are installed into the corresponding stator tooth slots 101, so that each second coil group 40
  • the two second circumferential conductors 44 of each coil are respectively located on both axial sides of the stator tooth portion 11 , and the second circumferential conductor 44 is located outside the first circumferential conductor 34 (that is, the side away from the stator core 10 ).
  • the assembly of the first coil group 30 does not affect the assembly of the second coil group 40, and the structure is involved and the arrangement is reasonable and orderly.
  • the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 is located on a side of the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31 away from the stator yoke 12 . side.
  • the slot conductor 21 of the fourth coil 41 is located radially inside the slot conductor 21 of the first coil 31, so that the first coil 31 of the first coil group 30 is installed into the stator tooth slot 101.
  • the installation of the fourth coil 41 of the second coil group 40 is not affected.
  • the first circumferential conductor 34 of the first coil 31 , the first circumferential conductor 34 of the second coil 32 and the The first circumferential conductors 34 of the three coils 33 are arranged sequentially along the radial direction of the stator core 10.
  • the plurality of first circumferential conductors 34 in the same first coil group 30 do not interfere with each other.
  • the second circumferential conductor 44 of the fourth coil 41 , the second circumferential conductor 44 of the fifth coil 42 and the The second circumferential conductors 44 of the six coils 43 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the stator core 10 so that the circumferential conductors 212 do not interfere with each other, and the conductor group 211 of each circumferential conductor 212 may include conductors along the stator core 10 .
  • the iron core 10 has multiple conductors 212 arranged radially, and the number of conductors in the conductor group 211 is more flexible.
  • a plurality of conductors 212 included in the single-layer conductor group 211 are arranged along the axial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the first connecting conductor 35 may extend generally along the radial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the conductor 212 of the conductor 21 in the slot can be bent outward along the radial direction of the stator core 10 , then bent along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 , and then inward along the radial direction of the stator core 10
  • One conductor 212 of the first connecting conductor 35 and the first circumferential conductor 34 is obtained by bending.
  • one wire can be bent and wound to obtain the entire conductor group 211 of the slot conductor 21, the first circumferential conductor 34 and the first connecting conductor 35, eliminating the need for twisting, flaring, etc. of the hairpin winding.
  • the process greatly reduces the complexity of the process and improves the manufacturing efficiency, and the multiple conductors 212 of the conductor group 211 are neat and orderly, which can significantly improve the pass rate and the performance of the stator 100.
  • the second connecting conductor 45 may extend generally along the axial direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the conductor 212 of the conductor 21 in the slot can be extended outward along the axial direction of the stator core 10 , then bent along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 , and then extended inward along the axial direction of the stator core 10 , to obtain one of the second connecting conductor 45 and the second circumferential conductor 44 by winding.
  • one wire can be bent and wound to obtain the entire conductor group 211 of the slot conductor 21, the second circumferential conductor 44 and the second connecting conductor 45, eliminating the need for twisting, flaring, etc. of the hairpin winding.
  • the process greatly reduces the complexity of the process and improves the manufacturing efficiency, and the multiple conductors 212 of the conductor group 211 are neat and orderly, which can significantly improve the pass rate and the performance of the stator 100.
  • the stator winding 20 includes a multi-phase winding, and each phase winding includes a plurality of first coil groups 30 and a plurality of second coil groups 40 , and the plurality refers to Two or more.
  • all the first coil groups 30 are arranged in sequence in a predetermined order of multiple phases along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10
  • all the second coil groups 40 are arranged in sequence in a predetermined order of multiple phases along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10.
  • the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 corresponding to the same phase are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 .
  • the stator winding 20 includes six first coil groups 30 and six second coil groups 40 , and the stator winding 20 includes three-phase windings of A phase, B phase and C phase, Each phase includes two first coil groups 30 and two second coil groups 40 .
  • the six first coil groups 30 are arranged in sequence in the order of A phase, B phase, C phase, A phase, B phase and C phase
  • the six second coil groups 40 are arranged in the order of A phase, B phase, C phase, Phase A, Phase B and Phase C are arranged in sequence.
  • the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 corresponding to the same phase are arranged alternately, that is, they are arranged in the order of the first coil group 30, the second coil group 40, the first coil group 30, and the second coil group 40; correspondingly
  • the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 of the same phase are arranged alternately, that is, the first coil group 30 , the second coil group 40 , the first coil group 30 , and the second coil group 40 are arranged in sequence.
  • the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 By providing the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 with two different structures, the assembly requirements of the stator winding 20 can be met.
  • the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 have strong applicability and a small number of types of coil groups. It is helpful to reduce the difficulty of prefabricating coils and improve production efficiency.
  • each phase winding includes multiple branches connected in parallel, and each branch only connects the first coil of the first coil group 30 in series. 31.
  • the second coil 32 and the third coil 33 are connected in series, or only the fourth coil 41, the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 of the second coil group 40 are connected in series, or the first coil 31 and the first coil 31 of the first coil group 30 are connected in series at the same time.
  • the second coil 32 , the third coil 33 and the fourth coil 41 , fifth coil 42 and sixth coil 43 of the second coil group 40 are connected in series at the same time.
  • each branch forms a non-full circle arrangement structure, and is conducive to the formation of more parallel branches to meet the application requirements of low-voltage conditions, and is located in the same first coil group 30 or the same second coil group through series connection
  • Multiple coils of 40 can balance the resistance differences between multiple coils to improve stator 100 performance.
  • each phase winding includes two first coil groups 30 (denoted as 1# first coil group 30 and 2# first coil group 30) and two second coil groups 40. (described as 1# second coil group 40 and 2# second coil group 40), along the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 according to the 1# first coil group 30, 1# second coil group 40, 2# first coil Group 30 and 2# second coil group 40 are arranged in sequence.
  • each phase winding forms two branches in parallel.
  • One of the branches is connected in series with the first coil 31, the second coil 32 and the third coil 33 of the 1# first coil group 30 and the fourth coil 41, the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 of the 1# second coil group 40.
  • the other branch is connected in series with the first coil 31, the second coil 32, the third coil 33 of the 2# first coil group 30 and the fourth coil 41, the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 2# of the second coil group 40.
  • Coil 43 is
  • each phase winding forms four parallel branches.
  • the first branch is connected in series with the first coil 31, the second coil 32 and the third coil 33 of the 1# first coil group 30, and the second branch is connected in series with the fourth coil 41 and the fifth coil 40 of the 1# second coil group 40.
  • Coil 42 and sixth coil 43 the third branch is connected in series with the first coil 31, second coil 32 and third coil 33 of 2# first coil group 30, and the fourth branch is connected in series with 2# second coil group 40 The fourth coil 41, the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43.
  • the number of slots of the stator tooth slots 101 is 48, and the corresponding number of pole pairs of the stator 100 is 6, which makes the stator 100 more in line with the application requirements of the automobile drive motor 200.
  • stator 100 according to a specific embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is worth understanding that the following description is only an illustrative description and cannot be understood as a limitation of the application.
  • the stator 100 includes a stator core 10 and a stator winding 20 .
  • the stator core 10 includes a stator yoke 12 and 48 stator teeth 11 .
  • the 48 stator teeth 11 are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the stator yoke 12 to define 48 stator tooth slots 101 .
  • the inner end of the stator tooth portion 11 is provided with a tooth shoe, and the stator tooth portion 11 is formed into an unequal width structure.
  • the stator winding 20 includes three-phase prefabricated flat wire windings installed on the stator core 10.
  • Each phase winding is composed of two prefabricated flat wire coil groups, namely a first coil group 30 and a second coil group 40, corresponding to The first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40 of the same phase are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the first circumferential conductor 34 of the first coil group 30 is located in the axial space of the stator yoke 12
  • the second circumferential conductor 44 of the second coil group 40 is located in the axial space of the stator tooth slot 101 .
  • the first coil group 30 includes three concentrically arranged coils, namely a first coil 31, a second coil 32 and a third coil 33. Between two adjacent coils, the pitch of the outer coil is larger than the pitch of the inner coil. 2.
  • the first coil 31 is a short-pitch four-layer flat wire (single-layer conductor set 211), located on the radial outer ring of the stator slot 101; the second coil 32 is a full-pitch eight-layer flat wire (single-layer conductor set 211).
  • the third coil 33 is a long-pitch four-layer flat wire (single-layer conductor group 211), and the conductors 21 in the slots of the adjacent third coil 33 are respectively Located at the radial outer ring and radial inner ring of the stator tooth slot 101 .
  • the end of the first coil group 30 is arranged in the radial direction in the space of the stator yoke 12 as the first coil 31 , the second coil 32 and the third coil 33 , and there is no radial interference between the conductors 212 .
  • the second coil group 40 includes three concentrically arranged coils, namely a fourth coil 41, a fifth coil 42 and a sixth coil 43. Between two adjacent coils, the pitch of the outer coil is larger than the pitch of the inner coil. 2.
  • the sixth coil 43 is a long-pitch four-layer flat wire (single-layer conductor group 211). The adjacent sixth coils 43 are respectively located in the radial inner ring and the radial outer ring of the stator slot 101; the fifth coil 42 is The full-pitch eight-layer flat wire (single-layer conductor group 211) is located in the entire stator slot 101 of the stator core 10; the fourth coil 41 is a short-pitch four-layer flat wire (single-layer conductor group 211).
  • the end of the second coil group 40 is perpendicular to the stator core 10, and its end is arranged along the axial direction of the stator core 10 as the fourth coil 41, the fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43, and there is no axial interference between the conductors 212. .
  • Prefabricated flat wire windings are used to eliminate the twisting, flaring and other processes of hairpin windings during the entire production process, greatly reducing complex processes, improving stator 100 manufacturing efficiency and improving the pass rate.
  • a motor 200 according to an embodiment of the present application includes a stator 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. Since the stator 100 according to the embodiment of the present application has the above-mentioned beneficial technical effects, the motor 200 according to the embodiment of the present application uses the prefabricated first coil 31, the second coil 32, the third coil 33, the fourth coil 41, and the The fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 constitute the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40, and are installed in an orderly manner in the stator slots 101 of the stator core 10, which can avoid mutual interference between the coils and reduce the assembly process. difficulty, improving production efficiency and qualification rate. Moreover, the number of coils and the number of conductors included in each coil can be easily adjusted to meet the application requirements of different motors 200 .
  • a vehicle 300 according to an embodiment of the present application includes a motor 200 according to an embodiment of the present application. Since the motor 200 according to the embodiment of the present application has the above-mentioned beneficial technical effects, the vehicle 300 according to the embodiment of the present application uses the prefabricated first coil 31, the second coil 32, the third coil 33, the fourth coil 41, and the The fifth coil 42 and the sixth coil 43 constitute the first coil group 30 and the second coil group 40, and are installed in an orderly manner in the stator slots 101 of the stator core 10, which can avoid mutual interference between the coils and reduce the assembly process. difficulty, improving production efficiency and qualification rate. Moreover, the number of coils and the number of conductors included in each coil can be easily adjusted to meet the application requirements of different motors 200 .
  • the vehicle 300 may be a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle with the motor 200 as the main driving force.
  • the new energy vehicle may also be an internal combustion engine and a motor. 200 simultaneously serves as the main driving force of a hybrid vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine and motor 200 that provide driving power for new energy vehicles mentioned in the above embodiments, can use gasoline, diesel, hydrogen, etc. as fuel, and the way of providing electric energy to the motor 200 can use power batteries or hydrogen fuel cells. etc., there are no special restrictions here. It should be noted that this is only an illustrative description of structures such as new energy vehicles and does not limit the scope of protection of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium
  • it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种定子（100）、电机（200）和车辆（300），定子（100）包括：定子铁芯（10）；定子绕组（20），定子绕组（20）包括第一线圈组（30）和第二线圈组（40），第一线圈组（30）包括同心且节距递增的第一线圈（31）、第二线圈（32）和第三线圈（33），第二线圈组（40）包括同心且节距递增的第四线圈（41）、第五线圈（42）和第六线圈（43），多个第一线圈组（30）沿定子铁芯（10）周向分布，相邻两个第三线圈（33）的相邻槽内导体（21）位于同一定子齿槽（101），第一线圈（31）和第三线圈（33）之间的定子齿槽（101）设有第二线圈（32）的槽内导体（21），多个第二线圈组（40）沿定子铁芯（10）周向分布，相邻两个第六线圈（43）的相邻槽内导体（21）位于同一定子齿槽（101），第四线圈（41）和第六线圈（43）之间的定子齿槽（101）设有第五线圈（42）的槽内导体（21），第四线圈（41）的每个槽内导体（21）与第一线圈（31）的一个槽内导体（21）位于同一定子齿槽（101）。

Description

定子、电机和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年08月19日提交的申请号为202210999991.3，名称为“定子、电机和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种定子、电机和车辆。
 背景技术
在一些相关技术中，扁线绕组电机多数采用发卡绕组，其工序包括发卡绕组成型、扭头扩口、焊接等，每一个工序工艺要求都很复杂，并且该结构限制了扁线的绕制方式，不易变更扁线层数。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种定子，所述定子降低了工序工艺难度。
本申请还提出一种具有上述定子的电机。
本申请还提出一种具有上述电机的车辆。
根据本申请实施例的定子，包括：定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯具有多个定子齿槽；定子绕组，所述定子绕组包括安装在所述定子铁芯上的多个第一线圈组和多个第二线圈组，所述第一线圈组包括同心布置且节距递增的第一线圈、至少一个第二线圈和第三线圈，所述第二线圈组包括同心布置且节距递增的第四线圈、至少一个第五线圈和第六线圈，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈、所述第三线圈、所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈均包括两个槽内导体，所述第一线圈和所述第四线圈的节距均大于或等于4，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈、所述第三线圈、所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈均为预制线圈，其中，多个所述第一线圈组沿所述定子铁芯的周向分布，且相邻两个所述第三线圈的相邻的所述槽内导体位于同一个所述定子齿槽内，位于所述第一线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第三线圈的所述槽内导体之间的所述定子齿槽内设有所述第二线圈的所述槽内导体，多个所述第二线圈组沿所述定子铁芯的周向分布，且相邻两个所述第六线圈的相邻的所述槽内导体位于同一个所述定子齿槽内，位于所述第四线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第六线圈的所述槽内导体之间的所述定子齿槽内设有所述第五线圈的所述槽内导体，所述第四线圈的每个所述槽内导体与所述第一线圈的一个所述槽内导体位于同一个所述定子齿槽内。
另外，根据本申请上述实施例的定子还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一线圈的所述槽内导体、所述第三线圈的所述槽内导体、所述第四线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第六线圈的所述槽内导体所包括导体数相等且均为n，所述第二线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第五线圈的所述槽内导体所包括导体数相等且均为N，N/n=2。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述槽内导体包括一层导体组或沿所述定子铁芯的周向排布的多层导体组，每层所述导体组包括沿所述定子铁芯的径向排布的多个所述导体。
根据本申请的一些实施例，位于同一所述定子齿槽内的两个所述槽内导体沿所述定子铁芯的径向排布。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在所述定子铁芯的周向上，所述定子齿槽的槽宽为W，所述定子齿槽的槽口宽度为L，0.5W≤L≤0.9W。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈和所述第三线圈均包括两个所述槽内导体、两个第一周向导体和四个连接所述槽内导体和所述第一周向导体的第一连接导体，所述第一周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的周向延伸，所述第一连接导体沿所述定子铁芯的径向延伸；所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈均包括两个所述槽内导体、两个第二周向导体和四个连接所述槽内导体和所述第二周向导体的第二连接导体，所述第二周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的周向延伸，所述第二连接导体沿所述定子铁芯的轴向延伸。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述定子铁芯包括环形的定子轭部和沿所述定子轭部的周向间隔排布的多个定子齿部，所述第一周向导体位于所述定子轭部的轴向外侧，所述第二周向导体位于所述定子齿部的轴向外侧。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在所述定子铁芯的轴向上，所述第二周向导体位于所述第一周向导体的远离所述定子铁芯的一侧。
根据本申请的一些实施例，同一所述定子齿槽内，所述第四线圈的所述槽内导体位于所述第一线圈的所述槽内导体的远离所述定子轭部的一侧。
根据本申请的一些实施例，同一所述第一线圈组中，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈和所述第三线圈的所述第一周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的径向依次排布；同一所述第二线圈组中，所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈的所述第二周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的轴向依次排布。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述定子绕组包括多相绕组，对应同一相的所述第一线圈组和所述第二线圈组沿所述定子铁芯的周向交替排布，每相绕组包括并联的多条支路，且每条所述支路串联所述第一线圈组的所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈和所述第三线圈，和/或串联所述第二线圈组的所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述定子齿槽的槽数为48，所述定子的极对数为6。
根据本申请实施例的电机包括根据本申请实施例的定子。
根据本申请实施例的车辆包括根据本申请实施例的电机。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
 附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请实施例的定子铁芯的轴向视图；
图2是根据本申请实施例的定子绕组的结构示意图；
图3是根据本申请实施例的定子绕组的轴向透视图；
图4是图3中圈示A处的放大结构示意图；
图5是根据本申请实施例的定子铁芯和第一线圈组的结构示意图；
图6是根据本申请实施例的定子铁芯和第一线圈组的轴向透视图；
图7是根据本申请实施例的其中一相绕组的结构示意图；
图8是根据本申请实施例的其中一相绕组的轴向透视图；
图9是根据本申请实施例的第一线圈组的结构示意图；
图10是根据本申请实施例的第一线圈组的轴向透视图；
图11是根据本申请实施例的第一线圈的结构示意图；
图12是根据本申请实施例的第二线圈的结构示意图；
图13是根据本申请实施例的第三线圈的结构示意图；
图14是根据本申请实施例的第二线圈组的结构示意图；
图15是根据本申请实施例的第二线圈组的轴向透视图；
图16是根据本申请实施例的第四线圈的结构示意图；
图17是根据本申请实施例的第五线圈的结构示意图；
图18是根据本申请实施例的第六线圈的结构示意图；
图19是根据本申请一些实施例的同一相绕组的线路示意图；
图20是根据本申请另一些实施例的同一相绕组的线路示意图；
图21是根据本申请实施例的车辆的示意图。
附图标记：
定子100；电机200；车辆300；
定子铁芯10；定子齿槽101；定子齿部11；定子轭部12；齿靴13；
定子绕组20；槽内导体21；导体组211；导体212；
第一线圈组30；第一线圈31；第二线圈32；第三线圈33；第一周向导体34；第一连接导体35；
第二线圈组40；第四线圈41；第五线圈42；第六线圈43；第二周向导体44；第二连接导体45。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，“第一特征”、“第二特征”可以包括一个或者更多个该特征，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，第一特征在第二特征“之上”或“之下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的定子100。
参照图1-图6所示，根据本申请实施例的定子100可以包括：定子铁芯10和定子绕组20。
具体而言，定子铁芯10具有多个定子齿槽101。例如定子铁芯10可以包括定子轭部12和定子齿部11，其中，定子轭部12为环形，定子齿部11为多个，多个定子齿部11沿定子轭部12的周向分布，且设于定子轭部12的内周面，以用于内转子电机200，换言之，每个定子齿部11沿定子铁芯10径向的外端与定子轭部12的内周面连接，多个定子齿部11的内端可以限定出与定子轭部12同轴的定子孔。或者，多个定子齿部11设于定子轭部12的外周面，以用于外转子电机200，换言之，每个定子齿部11沿定子铁芯10径向的内端与定子轭部12的外周面连接。如图1-图6所示，相邻两个定子齿部11之间形成有定子齿槽101。
定子轭部12能够为多个定子齿部11提供机械支撑，使定子齿部11位置固定。在一些实施例中，定子齿部11可以一体成型于定子轭部12。
下面以定子齿部11设于定子轭部12的内周面为例描述定子100的具体结构，根据以下描述，定子齿部11设于定子轭部12的外周面的实施例对本领域技术人员而言是可以理解的。
参照图1-图8所示，定子绕组20包括安装在定子铁芯10上的多个第一线圈组30和多个第二线圈组40。
其中，第一线圈组30包括同心布置的第一线圈31、至少一个第二线圈32和第三线圈33，并且第一线圈31、至少一个第二线圈32和第三线圈33的节距递增，第一线圈31的节距均大于或等于4。第二线圈组40包括同心布置的第四线圈41、至少一个第五线圈42和第六线圈43，并且第四线圈41、至少一个第五线圈42和第六线圈43的节距递增，第四线圈41的节距大于或等于4。
每个线圈（第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33、第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43）均包括两个槽内导体21，两个槽内导体21分别位于不同定子齿槽101内，两个槽内导体21所在定子齿槽101的编号差，为该线圈的节距（或称槽跨距）。举例而言，定子铁芯10共具有S个定子齿槽101，沿定子铁芯10的周向按照1号、2号、3号、……、S-1号、S号的顺序依次编号，某线圈的其中一个槽内导体21位于1号定子齿槽101，另一个槽内导体21位于6号定子齿槽101，则该线圈的槽跨距为5；某线圈的其中一个槽内导体21位于S号定子齿槽101，另一个槽内导体21位于7号定子齿槽101，则该线圈的槽跨距为7。
以图1-图8所示实施例为例，第一线圈31的节距为4（短节距），第二线圈32为1个且节距为6（整节距），第三线圈33的节距为8（长节距）；第四线圈41的节距为4（短节距），第五线圈42为1个且节距为6（整节距），第三线圈33的节距为8（长节距）。
在第一线圈组30包括多个第二线圈32的实施例中，多个第二线圈32的节距递增且相邻两个第二线圈32的节距差值为2。同理，在第二线圈组40包括多个第五线圈42的实施例中，多个第五线圈42的节距递增且相邻两个第五线圈42的节距差值为2。
其中，继续参照图1-图8所示，多个第一线圈组30沿定子铁芯10的周向分布。并且相邻两个第三线圈33的相邻的槽内导体21位于同一个定子齿槽101内，即任一第三线圈33的一个槽内导体21与相邻一个第三线圈33的一个槽内导体21共槽，该第三线圈33的另一个槽内导体21与相邻另一个第三线圈33的一个槽内导体21共槽。位于第一线圈31的槽内导体21和第三线圈33的槽内导体21之间的定子齿槽101内设有第二线圈32的槽内导体21，即第二线圈32的每个槽内导体21单独占用一个定子齿槽101。
多个第二线圈组40沿定子铁芯10的周向分布。并且相邻两个第六线圈43的相邻的槽内导体21位于同一个定子齿槽101内，即任一第六线圈43的一个槽内导体21与相邻一个第六线圈43的一个槽内导体21共槽，该第六线圈43的另一个槽内导体21与相邻另一个第六线圈43的一个槽内导体21共槽。位于第四线圈41的槽内导体21和第六线圈43的槽内导体21之间的定子齿槽101内设有第五线圈42的槽内导体21，即第五线圈42的每个槽内导体21单独占用一个定子齿槽101。
此外，第四线圈41的每个槽内导体21与第一线圈31的一个槽内导体21位于同一个定子齿槽101内。由此，多个第一线圈组30和多个第二线圈组40能够在定子铁芯10的周向上错开预设角度设置，该预设角度为第一线圈组30对应圆心角的一半，以使每个第四线圈41的两个槽内导体21之间设有一个第一线圈组30的第二线圈32和第三线圈33的一半槽内导体21和另一个第一线圈组30的第二线圈32和第三线圈33的一半槽内导体21；每个第一线圈31的两个槽内导体21之间设有一个第二线圈组40的第五线圈42和第六线圈43的一半槽内导体21和另一个第二线圈组40的第五线圈42和第六线圈43的一半槽内导体21。
在一个具体实施例中，如图1-图8所示，定子铁芯10具有48个定子齿槽101，依次编号为1号、2号、3号……47号、48号。每个第一线圈组30包括同心布置的三个线圈，即第一线圈31、第二线圈32和第三线圈33，每个第二线圈组40也包括同心布置的三个线圈，即第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43。
其中一个第一线圈组30中，第一线圈31的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为3号和7号，第二线圈32的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为2号和8号，第三线圈33的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为1号和9号；相邻另一个第一线圈组30中，第一线圈31的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为11号和15号，第二线圈32的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为10号和16号，第三线圈33的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为9号和17号；其中一个第二线圈组40中，第四线圈41的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为7号和11号，第五线圈42的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为6号和12号，第六线圈43的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为5号和13号；相邻另一个第二线圈组40中，第四线圈41的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为15号和19号，第五线圈42的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为14号和20号，第六线圈43的两个槽内导体21所对应齿槽编号为13号和21号。
定子绕组20通过第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33、第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43六种线圈构成，并且，第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33、第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43均为预制线圈。
预制完成后，可以先将多个第一线圈组30依次装入定子铁芯10的对应定子齿槽101内，每个第一线圈组30依次将第三线圈33、第二线圈32和第一线圈31装入对应定子齿槽101内，然后将多个第二线圈组40依次装入定子铁芯10的对应定子齿槽101内，每个第二线圈组40依次将第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43装入对应定子齿槽101内。或者，可以先将多个第三线圈33依次装入定子铁芯10，再将多个第二线圈32依次装入定子铁芯10，再将多个第一线圈31依次装入定子铁芯10，然后将多个第四线圈41依次装入定子铁芯10，再将多个第五线圈42依次装入定子铁芯10，再将多个第六线圈43依次装入定子铁芯10。当然，各线圈的安装顺序包括但不限于此，只需要满足能够将各线圈有序安装至定子铁芯10的要求即可。
安装线圈的过程中，各线圈之间不会发生位置干涉，例如位于同一定子齿槽101内的两个槽内导体21之间无干涉。并且线圈绕制过程不受定子铁芯10的较小空间限制，绕制过程中线圈所包括各导体212的位置排布以及弯折方向易于控制。由此有利于提高绕线效率和合格率，以及有利于满足不同定子100变更线圈数量、线圈所包括导体数的需求。并且，位于同一定子齿槽101内的槽内导体21所包括导体数相对较少，更利于槽内导体21绕线和安装过程中的有序性，并且调节所包括导体数更灵活。
根据本申请实施例的定子100，通过预制的第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33、第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43构成第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40，并在定子铁芯10的定子齿槽101内有序安装，可以避免各线圈之间相互干涉，降低了装配工艺难度，提高了生产效率和合格率。并且线圈数以及各线圈所包括导体数易于调节，便于满足不同电机200的应用需求。
在本申请的实施例中，位于同一定子齿槽101内的两个槽内导体21的排布方式可以根据实际情况灵活设置。
在一些实施例中，如图2-图6所示，位于同一定子齿槽101内的两个槽内导体21沿定子铁芯10的径向排布。例如，两个第三线圈33的槽内导体21均位于9号定子齿槽101，其中一个第三线圈33的槽内导体21位于9号定子齿槽101的径向外圈，另一个第三线圈33的槽内导体21位于9号定子齿槽101的径向内圈；再例如，第一线圈31的一个槽内导体21和第四线圈41的一个槽内导体21均位于7号定子齿槽101，第一线圈31的槽内导体21位于7号定子齿槽101的径向外圈，第四线圈41的槽内导体21位于7号定子齿槽101的径向内圈。由此，在安装定子绕组20时，可以先将位于径向外圈的槽内导体21安装至定子齿槽101内，以通过定子齿槽101的槽底壁和两个槽侧壁对该槽内导体21进行限位，然后再将位于径向内圈的槽内导体21安装至定子齿槽101内，更利于实现两个槽内导体21的有序安装，且避免相互干涉。
在另一些实施例中，位于同一定子齿槽101内的两个槽内导体21可以沿定子铁芯10的周向排布。例如，两个第三线圈33的槽内导体21均位于9号定子齿槽101内，两个第三线圈33在定子铁芯10的周向上左右排布，左侧的第三线圈33的槽内导体21位于右侧的第三线圈33的槽内导体21的左侧；再例如，第一线圈31的一个槽内导体21和第四线圈41的一个槽内导体21均位于7号定子齿槽101，且第一线圈31的槽内导体21位于第四线圈41的槽内导体21的右侧（即靠近属于同一第一线圈组30的相邻槽内导体21的一侧）。以使同一定子齿槽101内形成沿定子铁芯10周向排布的多层导体212，提高电机200的多样性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图2-图18所示，槽内导体21可以包括一层导体组211，导体组211包括沿定子铁芯10的径向排布的多个导体212。在一些实施例中，导体212可以为扁线。例如，在一些具体实施例中，如图9-图18所示，第一线圈31的槽内导体21为单层导体组211且包括四个导体212，第二线圈32的槽内导体21为单层导体组211且包括八个导体212，第三线圈33的槽内导体21为单层导体组211且包括四个导体212，第四线圈41的槽内导体21为单层导体组211且包括四个导体212，第五线圈42的槽内导体21为单层导体组211且包括八个导体212，第六线圈43的槽内导体21为单层导体组211且包括四个导体212。单层导体212更易于安装，且部分槽内导体21所包括导体数较少，进一步降低了安装难度，易于实现多个导体212的有序安装。位于同一定子齿槽101内的两个槽内导体21可以沿定子铁芯10的径向排布，例如第四线圈41的四个导体212与第一线圈31的四个导体212沿定子铁芯10的径向层叠以形成包括八个导体212的单层导体组211。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，槽内导体21可以包括沿定子铁芯10的周向排布的多层导体组211，每层导体组211包括沿定子铁芯10的径向排布的多个导体212。例如在一些具体实施例中，第一线圈31、第三线圈33、第四线圈41和第六线圈43的槽内导体21均为双层导体组211，且每层导体组211包括沿径向排布的四个导体212，第二线圈32和第五线圈42的槽内导体21均为双层导体组211，且每层导体组211包括沿径向排布的八个导体212，位于同一定子齿槽101内的两个槽内导体21可以沿定子铁芯10的径向排布，例如第四线圈41的两个导体组211与第一线圈31的两个导体组211沿径向层叠以形成每层包括八个导体212的双层导体组211。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图2-图8所示，第一线圈31的槽内导体21、第三线圈33的槽内导体21、第四线圈41的槽内导体21和第六线圈43的槽内导体21所包括导体数相等且均为n，第二线圈32的槽内导体21和第五线圈42的槽内导体21所包括导体数相等且均为N，N/n=2。
例如图2-图8所示的示例中，第一线圈31的槽内导体21、第三线圈33的槽内导体21、第四线圈41的槽内导体21和第六线圈43的槽内导体21均包括四个导体212，第二线圈32的槽内导体21和第五线圈42的槽内导体21均包括八个导体212。以使第一线圈31的槽内导体21与第四线圈41的槽内导体21共槽，两个第三线圈33的槽内导体21共槽、两个第六线圈43的槽内导体21共槽后，每个定子齿槽101内的导体数均为八，以使定子铁芯10的多个定子齿槽101内导体212分布均匀，有利于提高电机200性能，并且，第一线圈31、第三线圈33、第四线圈41和第六线圈43的结构更简单，有利于减少线圈类型，降低绕线难度和装配难度。
当然，根据实际情况需要，第一线圈31的槽内导体21、第三线圈33的槽内导体21、第四线圈41的槽内导体21和第六线圈43的槽内导体21所包括导体数也可以不等，例如第一线圈31的槽内导体21可以包括三个导体212，第四线圈41的槽内导体21可以包括五个导体212，以使第一线圈31的槽内导体21与第四线圈41的槽内导体21共槽布置后，该定子齿槽101内的导体数也为八个，这也可以使多个定子齿槽101内导体212分布均匀。
需要说明的是，同一槽内导体21的多个导体212，可以通过同一根导线绕制而成，有利于简化生产工序，提高生产效率。或者在槽内导体21包括多层导体组211的一些实施例中，位于同一导体组211的多个导体212可以由同一根导线绕制而成，将绕制得到的每层导体组211装入定子齿槽101内后，再将多层导体组211焊接以形成串联结构，不仅满足提高转矩等性能需求，而且可以进一步降低定子绕组20在定子铁芯10的安装难度，提高装配效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，定子齿槽101的槽口宽度小于定子齿槽101的槽宽，以减小定子齿槽101的槽口尺寸，有利于提高转矩，气隙减小，谐波较轻，从而有利于提高NVH性能，降低噪音，降低定子铁芯10的铁损。
例如在一些实施例中，如图1所示，定子齿槽101具有彼此相对的第一内侧面和第二内侧面，第一内侧面与第二内侧面之间的间距为W，第一内侧面的端部和第二内侧面的端部（如内转子电机200对应的内端，或外转子电机200对应的外端）中的至少一处设有齿靴，齿靴处形成定子齿槽101的槽口，换言之定子齿部11的彼此向背的两侧面中至少一个的端部设有齿靴，以使定子齿部11形成为不等宽结构，并且定子齿槽101的槽口宽度小于定子齿槽101的宽度。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，在定子铁芯10的周向上，定子齿槽101的槽宽为W，定子齿槽101的槽口宽度为L，并且W和L满足：0.5W≤L≤0.9W。L/W过小，会导致槽内导体21不易安装至定子齿槽101内，安装难度大；L/W过大，会导致槽口尺寸过大，不利于提高转矩以及降低噪音和铁耗。而在上述比例范围内，兼顾了安装难度低和提高转矩等性能的需求。例如，在一些具体实施例中，L/W可以为0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8和0.9等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图1-图6所示，定子齿槽101的槽口宽度大于导体212的宽度。这里，“槽口宽度”是指在定子铁芯10的周向上槽口的尺寸；“导体212的宽度”是指，在垂直于定子铁芯10轴线的方向上，导体212垂直于定子铁芯10径向的尺寸，例如图4所示，导体212垂直于定子铁芯10的轴线的截面大体为矩形，矩形的长度即为导体212的宽度。
通过定子齿槽101的槽口宽度大于导体212的宽度，在减小槽口尺寸的同时，使导体212能够顺利装入定子齿槽101内。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图2-图13所示，第一线圈31、第二线圈32和第三线圈33均包括两个槽内导体21、两个第一周向导体34和四个第一连接导体35。两个槽内导体21分别位于定子齿槽101内且沿定子铁芯10的轴向延伸，两个第一周向导体34分别位于定子铁芯10的轴向两侧，第一周向导体34沿定子铁芯10的周向延伸，第一连接导体35沿定子铁芯10的径向延伸，并且第一连接导体35用于连接对应的槽内导体21和第一周向导体34，以使线圈形成环形结构。
如图2-图8和图14-图18所示，第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43均包括两个槽内导体21、两个第二周向导体44和四个第二连接导体45。两个槽内导体21分别位于定子齿槽101内且沿定子铁芯10的轴向延伸，两个第二周向导体44分别位于定子铁芯10的轴向两侧，第二周向导体44沿定子铁芯10的周向延伸，第二连接导体45沿定子铁芯10的轴向延伸，并且第二连接导体45用于连接对应的槽内导体21和第二周向导体44，以使线圈形成环形结构。
由此，第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40构成不同的线圈组结构，并且通过第一连接导体35沿径向延伸，第二连接导体45沿轴向延伸，使第一周向导体34和第二周向导体44能够在定子铁芯10的轴向上和径向上均错开一定距离，各线圈组之间径向和轴向上不易产生干涉。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1-图8所示，定子铁芯10包括环形的定子轭部12和多个定子齿部11，多个定子齿部11沿定子轭部12的周向间隔排布。第一周向导体34位于定子轭部12的轴向外侧，第二周向导体44位于定子齿部11的轴向外侧。换言之，第一周向导体34沿定子铁芯10轴向的投影落入定子轭部12的投影范围内，第二周向导体44沿定子铁芯10轴向的投影位于定子轭部12和定子孔之间的区域内。由此，第一线圈组30的第一周向导体34和第二线圈组40的第二周向导体44沿定子铁芯10的径向错开布置，满足沿周向错开布置的第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40的排布需求，避免产生干涉，且便于安装。
在一些实施例中，继续参照图1-图8所示，在定子铁芯10的轴向上，第二周向导体44位于第一周向导体34的远离定子铁芯10的一侧。以使第一周向导体34和第二周向导体44在定子铁芯10轴向上错开，满足沿周向错开布置的第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40的排布需求，避免产生干涉。
在装配过程中，可以先将多个第一线圈组30装入对应的定子齿槽101内，使第一线圈组30的每个线圈的两个第一周向导体34分别位于定子轭部12的轴向两侧，且第一周向导体34与定子轭部12间隙配合；然后将多个第二线圈组40装入对应的定子齿槽101内，使每个第二线圈组40的每个线圈的两个第二周向导体44分别位于定子齿部11的轴向两侧，且第二周向导体44位于第一周向导体34的外侧（即远离定子铁芯10的一侧），第一线圈组30的装配不影响第二线圈组40的装配，结构涉及以及排布合理、有序。
在一些实施例中，如图3和图4所示，同一定子齿槽101内，第四线圈41的槽内导体21位于第一线圈31的槽内导体21的远离定子轭部12的一侧。例如内转子电机200中，第四线圈41的槽内导体21位于第一线圈31的槽内导体21的径向内侧，以使第一线圈组30的第一线圈31装入定子齿槽101内后，不影响第二线圈组40的第四线圈41的安装。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图7-图13所示，同一第一线圈组30中，第一线圈31的第一周向导体34、第二线圈32的第一周向导体34和第三线圈33的第一周向导体34沿定子铁芯10的径向依次排布，一方面使同一第一线圈组30中多个第一周向导体34之间互不干涉，另一方面可以有效降低定子绕组20沿定子铁芯10轴向的尺寸，缩小轴向占用空间，有利于实现电机200小型化。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图14-图18所示，同一第二线圈组40中，第四线圈41的第二周向导体44、第五线圈42的第二周向导体44和第六线圈43的第二周向导体44沿定子铁芯10的轴向依次排布，以使各周向导体212之间互不干涉，并且每个周向导体212的导体组211可以包括沿定子铁芯10径向排布的多个导体212，导体组211的导体数设置更灵活。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图7-图13所示，在第一周向导体34中，单层导体组211所包括的多个导体212沿定子铁芯10的轴向排布。对应的，第一连接导体35可以大体沿定子铁芯10的径向延伸。在绕制线圈时，可以将槽内导体21的导体212沿定子铁芯10的径向向外弯折，然后沿定子铁芯10的周向弯折，然后再沿定子铁芯10的径向向内弯折，以绕制得到第一连接导体35和第一周向导体34中的其中一个导体212。整个绕制过程中，可以通过一根导线弯折绕制得到槽内导体21、第一周向导体34和第一连接导体35的整个导体组211，省去了发卡绕组的扭头、扩口等工序，大大降低了工序工艺的复杂程度，提高了制造效率，且导体组211的多个导体212整齐有序，能够显著提高合格率和定子100性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图14-图18所示，在第二周向导体44中，单层导体组211所包括的多个导体212沿定子铁芯10的径向排布。对应的，第二连接导体45可以大体沿定子铁芯10的轴向延伸。在绕制线圈时，可以将槽内导体21的导体212沿定子铁芯10的轴向向外延伸，然后沿定子铁芯10的周向弯折，然后再沿定子铁芯10的轴向向内延伸，以绕制得到第二连接导体45和第二周向导体44中的其中一个导体212。整个绕制过程中，可以通过一根导线弯折绕制得到槽内导体21、第二周向导体44和第二连接导体45的整个导体组211，省去了发卡绕组的扭头、扩口等工序，大大降低了工序工艺的复杂程度，提高了制造效率，且导体组211的多个导体212整齐有序，能够显著提高合格率和定子100性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图2-图8所示，定子绕组20包括多相绕组，每相绕组包括多个第一线圈组30和多个第二线圈组40，多个是指两个或两个以上。其中，所有第一线圈组30沿定子铁芯10的周向按照多相的预定顺序依次排布，所有第二线圈组40沿定子铁芯10的周向按照多相的预定顺序依次排布，且对应同一相的第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40沿定子铁芯10的周向交替排布。
举例而言，如图2-图8所示，定子绕组20包括六个第一线圈组30和六个第二线圈组40，且定子绕组20包括A相、B相和C相三相绕组，每相包括两个第一线圈组30和两个第二线圈组40。其中，六个第一线圈组30按照A相、B相、C相、A相、B相和C相的顺序依次排布，六个第二线圈组40按照A相、B相、C相、A相、B相和C相的顺序依次排布。对应同一相的第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40交替排列，即按照第一线圈组30、第二线圈组40、第一线圈组30、第二线圈组40的顺序依次排布；对应同一相的第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40交替排列，即按照第一线圈组30、第二线圈组40、第一线圈组30、第二线圈组40的顺序依次排布。
通过设置两种不同结构的第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40，即可满足定子绕组20的装配需求，第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40适用性强，线圈组种类数量少，有利于降低预制线圈的难度，提高生产效率。
在一些具体实施例中，如图2-图8和图19-图20所示，每相绕组包括并联的多条支路，并且，每条支路仅串联第一线圈组30的第一线圈31、第二线圈32和第三线圈33，或者仅串联第二线圈组40的第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43，或同时串联第一线圈组30的第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33和第二线圈组40的第四线圈41、第五线圈42、第六线圈43。由此，每条支路形成非整圈的排布结构，且利于形成更多条并联支路，满足低压工况的应用需求，并且通过串联位于同一第一线圈组30或同一第二线圈组40的多个线圈，能够平衡多个线圈之间的电阻差异，以提高定子100性能。
具体地，如图19-图20所示，每相绕组包括两个第一线圈组30（记为1#第一线圈组30和2#第一线圈组30）和两个第二线圈组40（记为1#第二线圈组40和2#第二线圈组40），沿定子铁芯10的周向按照1#第一线圈组30、1#第二线圈组40、2#第一线圈组30、2#第二线圈组40的顺序排布。
如图19所示，每相绕组构成并联的两条支路。其中一条支路串联1#第一线圈组30的第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33以及1#第二线圈组40的第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43，其中另一条支路串联2#第一线圈组30的第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33以及2#第二线圈组40的第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43。
如图20所示，每相绕组构成并联的四条支路。第一条支路串联1#第一线圈组30的第一线圈31、第二线圈32和第三线圈33，第二条支路串联1#第二线圈组40的第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43，第三条支路串联2#第一线圈组30的第一线圈31、第二线圈32和第三线圈33，第四条支路串联2#第二线圈组40的第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43。
根据本申请的一些实施例，定子齿槽101的槽数为48，定子100对应的极对数为6，使定子100更符合汽车驱动电机200的应用需求。
下面参考附图详细描述根据本申请的一个具体实施例的定子100，值得理解的是，下述描述只是示例性说明，而不能理解为对申请的限制。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1-图18所示，定子100包括定子铁芯10和定子绕组20。定子铁芯10包括定子轭部12和48个定子齿部11，48个定子齿部11设于定子轭部12的内周面，以限定出48个定子齿槽101。定子齿部11的内端设有齿靴，定子齿部11形成为不等宽结构。
定子绕组20包括安装在定子铁芯10上的三相预制成型扁线绕组，每相绕组均由两种预制成型的扁线线圈组组成，即第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40，对应同一相的第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40在圆周方向交替排布。第一线圈组30的第一周向导体34位于定子轭部12的轴向空间上，第二线圈组40的第二周向导体44位于定子齿槽101的轴向空间上。
第一线圈组30包括同心布置的三个线圈分别为第一线圈31、第二线圈32和第三线圈33，相邻两圈线圈之间，外圈线圈的节距比内圈线圈的节距大2。第一线圈31为短节距的四层扁线（单层导体组211），位于定子齿槽101的径向外圈；第二线圈32为整节距的八层扁线（单层导体组211），位于定子铁芯10的整个定子齿槽101内；第三线圈33为长节距的四层扁线（单层导体组211），相邻的第三线圈33的槽内导体21分别位于定子齿槽101的径向外圈和径向内圈。第一线圈组30的端部在定子轭部12空间沿径向排序依次为第一线圈31、第二线圈32和第三线圈33，各导体212径向无干涉。
第二线圈组40包括同心布置的三个线圈分别为第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43，相邻两圈线圈之间，外圈线圈的节距比内圈线圈的节距大2。第六线圈43为长节距的四层扁线（单层导体组211），相邻的第六线圈43分别位于定子齿槽101的径向内圈和径向外圈；第五线圈42为整节距的八层扁线（单层导体组211），位于定子铁芯10的整个定子齿槽101内；第四线圈41为短节距的四层扁线（单层导体组211），位于定子齿槽101的径向内圈。第二线圈组40的端部垂直于定子铁芯10，其端部沿定子铁芯10轴向排序依次为第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43，各导体212轴向无干涉。
采用扁线绕组预制成型，整个生产过程中，省去了发卡绕组的扭头、扩口等工艺，大大减小了复杂工序，提高了定子100制造效率，提高了合格率。
如图21所示，根据本申请实施例的电机200包括根据本申请实施例的定子100。由于根据本申请实施例的定子100具有上述有益的技术效果，因此根据本申请实施例的电机200，通过预制的第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33、第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43构成第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40，并在定子铁芯10的定子齿槽101内有序安装，可以避免各线圈之间相互干涉，降低了装配工艺难度，提高了生产效率和合格率。并且线圈数以及各线圈所包括导体数易于调节，便于满足不同电机200的应用需求。
如图21所示，根据本申请实施例的车辆300包括根据本申请实施例的电机200。由于根据本申请实施例的电机200具有上述有益的技术效果，因此根据本申请实施例的车辆300，通过预制的第一线圈31、第二线圈32、第三线圈33、第四线圈41、第五线圈42和第六线圈43构成第一线圈组30和第二线圈组40，并在定子铁芯10的定子齿槽101内有序安装，可以避免各线圈之间相互干涉，降低了装配工艺难度，提高了生产效率和合格率。并且线圈数以及各线圈所包括导体数易于调节，便于满足不同电机200的应用需求。
这里，车辆300可以是新能源车辆，在一些实施例中，新能源车辆可以是以电机200作为主驱动力的纯电动车辆，在另一些实施例中，新能源车辆还可以是以内燃机和电机200同时作为主驱动力的混合动力车辆。关于上述实施例中提及的为新能源车辆提供驱动动力的内燃机和电机200，其中内燃机可以采用汽油、柴油、氢气等作为燃料，而为电机200提供电能的方式可以采用动力电池、氢燃料电池等，这里不作特殊限定。需要说明，这里仅仅是对新能源车辆等结构作出的示例性说明，并非是限定本申请的保护范围。
根据本申请实施例的车辆300和电机200的其他构成以及操作对于本领域普通技术人员而言都是已知的，这里不再详细描述。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“实施例”、“具体实施例”、“示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种定子，其中，包括：
    定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯具有多个定子齿槽；
    定子绕组，所述定子绕组包括安装在所述定子铁芯上的多个第一线圈组和多个第二线圈组，所述第一线圈组包括同心布置且节距递增的第一线圈、至少一个第二线圈和第三线圈，所述第二线圈组包括同心布置且节距递增的第四线圈、至少一个第五线圈和第六线圈，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈、所述第三线圈、所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈均包括两个槽内导体，所述第一线圈和所述第四线圈的节距均大于或等于4，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈、所述第三线圈、所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈均为预制线圈，其中，
    多个所述第一线圈组沿所述定子铁芯的周向分布，且相邻两个所述第三线圈的相邻的所述槽内导体位于同一个所述定子齿槽内，位于所述第一线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第三线圈的所述槽内导体之间的所述定子齿槽内设有所述第二线圈的所述槽内导体，
    多个所述第二线圈组沿所述定子铁芯的周向分布，且相邻两个所述第六线圈的相邻的所述槽内导体位于同一个所述定子齿槽内，位于所述第四线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第六线圈的所述槽内导体之间的所述定子齿槽内设有所述第五线圈的所述槽内导体，
    所述第四线圈的每个所述槽内导体与所述第一线圈的一个所述槽内导体位于同一个所述定子齿槽内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定子，其中，所述第一线圈的所述槽内导体、所述第三线圈的所述槽内导体、所述第四线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第六线圈的所述槽内导体所包括导体数相等且均为n，所述第二线圈的所述槽内导体和所述第五线圈的所述槽内导体所包括导体数相等且均为N，N/n=2。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的定子，其中，所述槽内导体包括一层导体组或沿所述定子铁芯的周向排布的多层导体组，每层所述导体组包括沿所述定子铁芯的径向排布的多个所述导体。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的定子，其中，位于同一所述定子齿槽内的两个所述槽内导体沿所述定子铁芯的径向排布。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的定子，其中，在所述定子铁芯的周向上，所述定子齿槽的槽宽为W，所述定子齿槽的槽口宽度为L，0.5W≤L≤0.9W。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的定子，其中，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈和所述第三线圈均包括两个所述槽内导体、两个第一周向导体和四个连接所述槽内导体和所述第一周向导体的第一连接导体，所述第一周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的周向延伸，所述第一连接导体沿所述定子铁芯的径向延伸；
    所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈均包括两个所述槽内导体、两个第二周向导体和四个连接所述槽内导体和所述第二周向导体的第二连接导体，所述第二周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的周向延伸，所述第二连接导体沿所述定子铁芯的轴向延伸。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的定子，其中，所述定子铁芯包括环形的定子轭部和沿所述定子轭部的周向间隔排布的多个定子齿部，所述第一周向导体位于所述定子轭部的轴向外侧，所述第二周向导体位于所述定子齿部的轴向外侧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的定子，其中，在所述定子铁芯的轴向上，所述第二周向导体位于所述第一周向导体的远离所述定子铁芯的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的定子，其中，同一所述定子齿槽内，所述第四线圈的所述槽内导体位于所述第一线圈的所述槽内导体的远离所述定子轭部的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9中任一项所述的定子，其中，同一所述第一线圈组中，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈和所述第三线圈的所述第一周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的径向依次排布；
    同一所述第二线圈组中，所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈的所述第二周向导体沿所述定子铁芯的轴向依次排布。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的定子，其中，所述定子绕组包括多相绕组，对应同一相的所述第一线圈组和所述第二线圈组沿所述定子铁芯的周向交替排布，
    每相绕组包括并联的多条支路，且每条所述支路串联所述第一线圈组的所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈和所述第三线圈，和/或串联所述第二线圈组的所述第四线圈、所述第五线圈和所述第六线圈。
  12. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的定子，其中，所述定子齿槽的槽数为48，所述定子的极对数为6。
  13. 一种电机，其中，包括根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的定子。
  14. 一种车辆，其中，包括根据权利要求13所述的电机。
PCT/CN2023/105743 2022-08-19 2023-07-04 定子、电机和车辆 WO2024037237A1 (zh)

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CN207426823U (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-05-29 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 定子组件及单相感应电动机
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