WO2024036660A1

WO2024036660A1 - Track damping fastener

Info

Publication number: WO2024036660A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/114769
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王阿利; 严安宁; 职涛; 李文博; 高尚君
Original assignee: 中铁宝桥集团有限公司
Priority date: 2022-08-18
Filing date: 2022-08-25
Publication date: 2024-02-22
Also published as: CN115323837A

Abstract

A track damping fastener, comprising an iron pad (100), a height adjustment pad (200), an elastic pad (300) and fastening members (400). The height adjustment pad (200) is arranged below the iron pad (100); the elastic pad (300) is arranged between the iron pad (100) and the height adjustment pad (200); the elastic pad (300) comprises a first elastic pad (310) and a second elastic pad (320); the upper surface of the first elastic pad (310) is in contact with the lower surface of the iron pad (100); the lower surface of the second elastic pad (320) is in contact with the upper surface of the height adjustment pad (200); the rigidity of the first elastic pad (310) is less than that of the second elastic pad (320); the fastening members (400) sequentially pass through the iron pad (100), the elastic pad (300) and the height adjustment pad (200) so as to fasten the three together. The track damping fastener can avoid rail corrugation diseases such as deflection and outward turning of a steel rail (600) to a certain extent, and guarantees the stability of the steel rail (600), thereby providing smooth operation conditions for switch crossing of a train, relieving wheel rail shock and vibration, further achieving the vibration and noise reduction effect, and reducing the maintenance costs.

Description

A kind of rail vibration damping fastener

Cross-references to related applications

This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application titled "A Rail Vibration-Absorbing Fastener" with application number 202210990391.0 and submitted on August 17, 2022. The entire content of the above application is incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

The embodiment of the present invention relates to the technical field of rail transportation, and in particular, to a rail vibration-absorbing fastener.

Background technique

In the related technology, railway lines and switches use rail bottom buckle-type vibration-absorbing fasteners. One is a double-layer nonlinear vibration-absorbing fastener, and the other is a vulcanized shock absorber.

Double-layer nonlinear vibration-damping fasteners achieve vibration-damping effects by reducing the stiffness of the fastener system. The lower the support stiffness, the lower the vibration isolation frequency of the track, and the better the initial vibration-damping effect. However, due to the decrease in track support stiffness, the rails are prone to deflection and valgus during later stages of loading, resulting in wheel-rail mismatches and track stiffness changes, which aggravate track irregularities and rail corrugation, causing vehicle squealing and high-frequency Vibration not only fails to achieve the expected vibration reduction effect, but also shortens the life of the track.

The vulcanized shock absorber is a shear type fastener. The rubber pad under the plate is bonded to the metal base through the vulcanization process, and the iron pad is installed on it. The integrity of the fastener is better, but the installation height is relatively high. High, which reduces the lateral and torsional stiffness. The rail is prone to deflection and corrugation, which affects the vibration damping effect and shortens the track life. In addition, once the rubber components age and fail during the application process, the entire fastener system needs to be replaced as a whole, and the maintenance cost is relatively high. high.

Therefore, it is necessary to improve one or more problems existing in the above related technical solutions.

It is noted that this section is intended to provide background or context for the embodiments of the invention set forth in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

Contents of the invention

An object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a rail vibration-damping fastener that can overcome, at least to a certain extent, one or more problems caused by limitations and deficiencies of the related technology.

According to a first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a track vibration-absorbing fastener is provided, including:

iron backing plate;

Height-adjusting pads are arranged below the iron pads;

An elastic pad is provided between the iron pad and the height-adjusting pad. The elastic pad includes a first elastic pad and a second elastic pad, wherein the upper surface of the first elastic pad is The surface is in contact with the lower surface of the iron backing plate, the lower surface of the second elastic backing plate is in contact with the upper surface of the height-adjusting backing plate, and the stiffness of the first elastic backing plate is smaller than that of the third elastic backing plate. 2. The stiffness of the elastic pad;

Fasteners are inserted through the iron backing plate, the elastic backing plate and the height-adjusting backing plate in order to fasten the iron backing plate, the elastic backing plate and the height-adjusting backing plate to the Together.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the stiffness of the first elastic pad is 5kN/mm～50kN/mm, and the stiffness of the second elastic pad is 100kN/mm～1000kN/mm.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first elastic pad is provided with one or more receiving holes, and each of the receiving holes accommodates one of the second elastic pads.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first elastic pad has a concave cross-section along its length direction, the second elastic pad has a convex cross-section along its length direction, and the first elastic pad has a concave cross-section along its length direction. The plate is engaged with the second elastic backing plate concavely and convexly.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the track vibration damping fastener further includes an eccentric sleeve, wherein a first through hole is provided on the iron backing plate, a second through hole is provided on the elastic backing plate, and the eccentric The sleeve is provided in the first through hole and the second through hole, and the fastener passes through the eccentric sleeve.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the track vibration-absorbing fastener further includes a cover plate, which is assembled above the eccentric sleeve, and a third portion of the cover plate corresponding to the hole of the eccentric sleeve is provided. Through hole, the part where the cover plate and the eccentric sleeve are assembled is provided with an anti-rotation groove.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the cover plate includes an iron plate and an elastic washer, the third through hole and the anti-rotation groove are both provided on the iron plate, and the elastic washer is embedded in the iron plate. and located on opposite sides of the anti-rotation groove.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the track damping fastener further includes a spring washer, and the spring washer is disposed above the cover plate, so that one end of the fixing member is located above the spring washer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the track vibration-absorbing fastener further includes an elastic cushion layer under the rail. The elastic cushion layer under the rail is disposed between the rail and the iron pad. The stiffness of the elastic cushion layer under the rail is It is 150kN/mm～300kN/mm.

According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, another rail vibration-absorbing fastener is provided, including an elastic pad for being disposed between the rail and the turnout sleeper, the elastic pad including a first Elastic backing plate and second elastic backing plate, wherein the upper surface of the first elastic backing plate is in contact with the lower surface of the rail, and the lower surface of the second elastic backing plate is in contact with the upper surface of the turnout sleeper are in contact with each other, and the stiffness of the first elastic pad is smaller than the stiffness of the second elastic pad.

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention may include the following beneficial effects:

In the embodiment of the present invention, the elastic backing plate includes a first elastic backing plate and a second elastic backing plate. The first elastic backing plate in contact with the lower surface of the iron backing plate has a lower stiffness and can provide lower stability for train operation. Stiffness ensures that the track system has sufficient damping elasticity and reduces wheel-rail impact vibration; while the second elastic pad in contact with the upper surface of the height-adjusting pad has a higher stiffness. On the one hand, it has a certain elasticity Avoid rigid contact with the iron backing plate to produce vibration noise. On the other hand, once the compression deformation of the first elastic backing plate reaches the design value, the second elastic backing plate can also contact the lower part of the iron backing plate to bear the load, so that it can be more accurate. Control the compression deformation of the first elastic pad to ensure that the rail subsidence is within the design range when the rail is subjected to train load, avoid rail deflection, valgus and other corrugation diseases caused by large deformation of the first elastic pad, and ensure It improves the stability of the rails, provides smooth running conditions for trains crossing the switch, alleviates the impact vibration of the wheel rails, and further plays a role in reducing vibration and noise. In addition, since the iron pad, height-adjusting pad and elastic pad are fastened together by fasteners, when there is a problem with any component, you only need to loosen the fastener and replace the problematic component, which also reduces the cost to a certain extent. maintenance costs.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a track vibration-absorbing fastener in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 shows a schematic top view of the structure of the first elastic pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 shows a schematic top view of the structure when the second elastic pad is directly assembled in the first elastic pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first elastic pad and the second elastic pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 shows a schematic top view of the structure when the second elastic pad is vulcanized and embedded in the first elastic pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the vulcanization inlay structure of the first elastic backing plate and the second elastic backing plate in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a rail vibration-damping fastener in which the first elastic backing plate and the second elastic backing plate are vulcanized and inlaid in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of the concave and convex interlocking of the first elastic pad and the second elastic pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of a track vibration-absorbing fastener in which the first elastic backing plate and the second elastic backing plate are concave and convex in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of an iron backing plate in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of the eccentric sleeve in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of the cover plate in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of the height-adjusting pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 14 shows a schematic structural diagram of another track vibration-absorbing fastener in which the second elastic pad is directly assembled in the first elastic pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 15 shows a schematic structural diagram of another track vibration damping fastener in which a second elastic pad is vulcanized and embedded in the first elastic pad in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 16 shows a schematic structural diagram of another track vibration-absorbing fastener in which the first elastic pad and the second elastic pad are concave-convex in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Reference signs:

100. Iron backing plate; 110. First through hole; 120. Bottom plate; 130. Iron base; 200. Height adjusting backing plate; 210. Fastener through hole; 300. Elastic backing plate; 310. First elastic backing plate ; 311. Accommodating hole; 320. Second elastic pad; 321. Limiting boss; 330. Second through hole; 400. Fastener; 500. Fork sleeper; 600. Rail; 700. Eccentric sleeve; 710. Upper body; 720, lower body; 730, step hole; 740, anti-rotation boss; 800, cover plate; 810, third through hole; 820, anti-rotation groove; 830, iron plate; 840, rubber gasket; 900, Spring washer; 1000, elastic cushion under the rail.

Detailed ways

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments. To those skilled in the art. The described features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of embodiments of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar parts, and thus their repeated description will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities.

In this exemplary embodiment, a track vibration-absorbing fastener is first provided. Referring to FIG. 1 , the track vibration-absorbing fastener may include an iron backing plate 100 , a height-adjusting backing plate 200 , an elastic backing plate 300 and a fastener 400 . Among them, the height-adjusting pad 200 is disposed below the iron pad 100 . The elastic pad 300 is disposed between the iron pad 100 and the height-adjusting pad 200 . The elastic pad 300 specifically includes a first elastic pad 310 and a second elastic pad 320 . The upper surface of the first elastic backing plate 310 is in contact with the lower surface of the iron backing plate 100 , the lower surface of the second elastic backing plate 320 is in contact with the upper surface of the height-adjusting backing plate 200 , and the stiffness of the first elastic backing plate 310 is less than the stiffness of the second elastic backing plate 320 . The fasteners 400 are inserted through the iron backing plate 100, the elastic backing plate 300 and the height-adjusting backing plate 200 in order to fasten the iron backing plate 100, the elastic backing plate 300 and the height-adjusting backing plate 200 together.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the elastic backing plate 300 includes a first elastic backing plate 310 and a second elastic backing plate 320. The first elastic backing plate 310 in contact with the lower surface of the iron backing plate 100 has a low stiffness and can be used for the train. The operation provides lower stiffness, ensuring that the track system has sufficient damping elasticity and reducing wheel-rail impact vibration; while the second elastic pad 320 in contact with the upper surface of the height-adjusting pad 200 has a higher stiffness, which On the one hand, having a certain elasticity can avoid vibration and noise caused by rigid contact with the iron backing plate 100. On the other hand, once the compression deformation of the first elastic backing plate 310 reaches the design value, the second elastic backing plate 320 can also contact the iron backing plate 100. The lower part of 100 is in contact with the load, so that the compression deformation of the first elastic pad 310 can be controlled more accurately, ensuring that the sinking amount of the rail when bearing the train load is within the design range, and preventing the first elastic pad 310 from being damaged due to large deformation. The corrugation diseases such as rail deflection and valgus caused by the rail ensure the stability of the rail, provide smooth running conditions for trains to pass the switch, alleviate the wheel-rail impact vibration, and further play a role in reducing vibration and noise. In addition, since the iron pad 100, the height-adjusting pad 200 and the elastic pad 300 are fastened together by the fasteners 400, when there is a problem with any component, you only need to loosen the fastener and replace the problematic component. Maintenance costs are also reduced to a certain extent.

In the following, various parts of the above-mentioned rail vibration damping fastener in this exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13 .

In order to ensure that the track system has sufficient damping elasticity and reduce wheel-rail impact vibration, the stiffness of the first elastic pad 310 can be maintained at 5 kN/mm to 50 kN/mm (including the two endpoint values). The specific material of the first elastic backing plate 310 can be selected from various polymer materials such as rubber, EPDM rubber, and polyurethane.

The second elastic backing plate 320 not only needs to have a certain degree of elasticity, but also needs to bear the contact load of the lower part of the iron backing plate 100 when the compression deformation of the first elastic backing plate 310 reaches the design value. When the stiffness of the second elastic pad 320 is maintained at 100kN/mm~1000kN/mm (including the two endpoint values), the compression deformation of the first elastic pad 310 can be accurately controlled to ensure that the rail sinks when bearing the train load. The quantity is within the design range. The specific material of the second elastic backing plate 320 can be selected from various non-metallic materials such as polyethylene, rubber and plastic, polyamide, and glass-reinforced polyamide.

Based on the above examples, the first elastic pad 310 and the second elastic pad 320 may have various structural combinations.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , the first elastic pad 310 is provided with one or more receiving holes 311 , and each receiving hole 311 can accommodate a second elastic pad 320 .

The present disclosure does not limit the shape of the receiving hole 311. The receiving hole 311 can be a round hole as shown in Figure 2(a), or a square hole as shown in Figure 2(b). In other examples, Other shapes of holes are possible. Of course, no matter what shape the receiving hole 311 is, the shape of the second elastic pad 320 accommodated therein should match the shape of the receiving hole 311. For example, when the receiving hole 311 is a circular hole as shown in Figure 2(a), the shape of the second elastic pad 320 is a cylindrical shape as shown in Figure 3(a); when the receiving hole 311 is a circular hole as shown in Figure 2(b) When the square hole is shown, the shape of the second elastic pad 320 is a square column as shown in Figure 3(b).

In a specific example, the number of accommodating holes 311 can be at least one, and in this case, the accommodating hole 311 can be located in the middle of the first elastic pad 310; it can also be shown in Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) , a first elastic pad 310 is provided with two receiving holes, and the two receiving holes are distributed on both sides of the longitudinal centerline; as shown in Figure 2(c), a first elastic pad 310 is provided with 4 receiving holes, 4 receiving holes evenly distributed on both sides of the center line.

In one embodiment, the height of the second elastic pad 320 is smaller than the height of the first elastic pad 310, and the height difference is the design value Δh of the compression deformation of the first elastic pad 310. In this way, the first elastic pad 310 can be When the compression deformation of the elastic backing plate 310 reaches the design value, it will bear the load caused by the contact of the lower part of the iron backing plate 100, so that the compression deformation of the first elastic backing plate 310 can be controlled more accurately to ensure that the rail subsidence is within the designed value when it bears the train load. Within the scope, it avoids corrugation diseases such as rail deflection and valgus caused by large deformation of low-stiffness elastic pads, and ensures the stability of the rails.

Based on the above example, the second elastic pad 320 may be directly assembled in the receiving hole 311, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 . Of course, the second elastic backing plate 320 can also be vulcanized and embedded in the receiving hole 311, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. Specifically, when the second elastic pad 320 is vulcanized and embedded in the receiving hole 311, as shown in FIG. 5, an annular limiting boss 321 is provided on the side of the second elastic pad 320. The limiting boss 321 It can ensure that the two have sufficient bonding strength.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8 , the first elastic backing plate 310 has a concave cross-section along its length direction, the second elastic backing plate 320 has a convex cross-section along its length direction, and the first elastic backing plate 320 has a convex cross-section along its length direction. The elastic backing plate 310 and the second elastic backing plate 320 are concave and convex, and the overall track vibration-absorbing fastener structure can be referred to Figure 9 . In this example, when the first elastic pad 310 and the second elastic pad 320 are recessed and not under pressure, the highest horizontal surface of the first elastic pad 310 and the highest horizontal surface of the second elastic pad 320 The difference between them is the design value Δh of the compression deformation of the first elastic backing plate 310. This is also to ensure that when the compression deformation of the first elastic backing plate 310 reaches the design value, it can withstand the contact effect of the lower part of the iron backing plate 100. load, so that the compressive deformation amount of the first elastic pad 310 can be more accurately controlled, ensuring that the rail subsidence is within the design range when bearing the train load, and avoiding rail deflection and external stress caused by large deformation of the low-stiffness elastic pad. This prevents corrugation damage and ensures the stability of the rails.

In one embodiment, the track vibration damping fastener also includes an eccentric sleeve 700. As shown in Figure 10, the iron backing plate 100 is provided with a first through hole 110. As shown in Figure 2, the elastic backing plate 300 is provided with a first through hole 110. A second through hole 330 is provided. As shown in FIG. 1 , the eccentric sleeve 700 is passed through the first through hole 110 and the second through hole 330 , and the fastener 400 passes through the eccentric sleeve 700 .

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10 , the iron backing plate 100 is formed by welding, casting or forging the bottom plate 120 and the iron base 130 . The first through hole 110 is located on the bottom plate 120. In order to facilitate the distance adjustment of the eccentric sleeve 700, the first through hole 110 is an oblong hole.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the eccentric sleeve 700 includes an upper body part 710 and a lower body part 720 , and the internal hole is a step hole 730 . The material of the upper body 710 can be selected according to the load of the train. For small axle load and low-speed trains, the upper body 710 can be made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66; for heavy load or high-speed trains, the upper body 710 can be made of steel sleeves and glass fiber reinforced polyamide. Made of vulcanized amide 66, the metal steel sleeve has strong load-bearing capacity. The non-metallic glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 can play an elastic buffering and insulating role between the iron backing plate 100 and the fastener 400 . The lower body 720 of the eccentric sleeve 700 is a vulcanized rubber gasket with a thickness of 3 mm to 8 mm, which serves as a buffer and vibration damper.

The eccentric sleeve 700 has multiple functions. The first function is to improve the stress state of the fastener 400. The step hole 730 can reduce the height of the lateral force application point of the fastener 400, thereby avoiding or reducing the risk of shearing of the fastener 400. The second function is to adjust the track gauge. The hole in which the eccentric sleeve 700 is installed with the fastener 400 has an eccentric value relative to the straight section. Under the premise that the position of the fastener 400 remains unchanged, by rotating or changing the specifications of the eccentric sleeve, it can be horizontally Change the position of the pad to adjust the rail gauge. The third function is that the eccentric sleeve 700 directly acts on the axial tightening force of the fastener 400 on the height-adjusting pad 200, avoiding the direct interaction between the fastener 400 and the elastic pad 300, and ensuring that the elastic pad 300 is in the position of the fastener. 400 is not compressed when tightened, and the elasticity can function normally when the train passes.

In one embodiment, the track vibration damping fastener also includes a cover plate 800. The cover plate 800 is assembled above the eccentric sleeve 700. Referring to Figures 11 and 12, the cover plate 800 is provided corresponding to part of the hole of the eccentric sleeve 700. There is a third through hole 810, and the part where the cover plate 800 is assembled with the eccentric sleeve 700 is provided with an anti-rotation groove 820. Correspondingly, the part where the eccentric sleeve 700 is assembled with the cover plate 800 is provided with an anti-rotation boss 740.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12 , the cover plate 800 includes an iron plate 830 and a rubber gasket 840 . As a metal part, the iron plate 830 directly bears the tightening pressure of the fastener 400. The third through hole 810 is provided in the middle of the iron plate 830 . The anti-rotation groove 820 is provided around the third through hole 810. The shape of the anti-rotation groove 820 can be square or arc-shaped. Of course, the shape of the anti-rotation boss 740 on the eccentric sleeve 700 is consistent with the shape of the anti-rotation groove 820. match. Rubber washers 840 are embedded in the iron plate and are located on opposite sides of the anti-rotation groove 820. They function as elastic buffers and evenly distributed fasteners 400 pre-tightening force. The stiffness of the rubber washers is designed to be 0.5kN/mm~5kN/mm to ensure The elastic backing plate 300 under the iron backing plate 100 is not compressed when the fastener 400 is tightened, thereby ensuring that the pretightening force of the fastener 400 does not affect the assembly stiffness of the fastener system. In addition, the arc-shaped or square anti-rotation boss 740 on the eccentric sleeve 700 can be designed to match the height of the anti-rotation boss 740 and the eccentric sleeve 700 according to the compression amount of the cover plate 800 rubber gasket 840 when the fastener 400 is tightened. The height of the upper body 710 is to ensure that after the fastener 400 is tightened, the anti-rotation boss 740 of the eccentric sleeve 700 cooperates with the anti-rotation groove 820 of the cover 800 to prevent rotation.

In one embodiment, the track damping fastener further includes a spring washer 900 , which is disposed above the cover plate 800 so that one end of the fixing member 400 is located above the spring washer 900 . The spring washer 900 adopts the standard part GB7244, which prevents the fastener 400 from loosening and absorbs vibration.

When the track vibration-absorbing fastener provided in this embodiment is applied, the fasteners 400 can be used to fix the iron backing plate 100, the elastic backing plate 300 and the height-adjusting backing plate 200 on the turnout sleeper 500. Specifically, the fastener 400 can be a switch sleeper bolt. The screw of the switch sleeper bolt passes through the iron pad 100, the elastic pad 300 and the height adjustment pad 200 in sequence and is screwed into the casing embedded in the switch sleeper, that is, The above three can be firmly fixed on the fork pillow 500. In order to further maintain the stability of the track vibration damping fastener on the turnout sleeper 500, as shown in Figure 1, two turnout sleeper bolts can be used to fix the two turnout sleeper bolts at the two opposite adjacent end portions. Of course, in other examples, the number of fasteners 400 may also be greater than 2. This disclosure does not limit the specific numerical value of the fasteners 400 as long as a stable effect can be achieved.

It can be understood that, in order to further ensure the overall stability of the track vibration damping fastener, the length and width of the elastic backing plate 300 are the same as the iron backing plate 100 . The length and width of the height-adjusting pad 200 can be consistent with or slightly larger than the elastic pad 300 , and the material of the height-adjusting pad 200 can be high-density polyethylene or rubber plastic. In addition, as shown in Figure 13, a fastener through hole 210 can also be provided on the height-adjusting pad 200 for the fastener 400 to pass through. Specifically, the fastener through hole 210 can be an oblong shape with a radius ratio of The fastener radius is 0.5mm~2mm larger, and the thickness is determined according to the on-site height adjustment application requirements. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the rail height during turnout construction and solve the problem of uneven settlement of the track bed in the later stage, the height-adjusting pad 200 can be used in the turnout area to adjust the height between the elastic pad 300 and the turnout sleeper 500 . According to the height adjustment requirements, the switch height adjustment is realized by adding, removing or replacing the height adjustment pads 200 of different thicknesses.

In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 1, 7 and 9, the rail vibration-absorbing fastener also includes an elastic cushion layer 1000 under the rail, which is disposed between the rail 600 and the iron backing plate 100. time, and the stiffness of the elastic cushion layer 1000 under the rail is 150kN/mm~300kN/mm. Specifically, non-metallic materials such as rubber and polyurethane can be used. Compared with metal materials, the under-rail elastic cushion 1000 made of non-metallic materials has a certain elasticity and can improve the rigid contact between the rail 600 and the iron backing plate 100, but the elasticity is not too large. It is relatively hard to ensure that when the train passes the branch rail and the rail is loaded, the track vibration-absorbing fastener can still buckle it stably to prevent the elastic cushion layer 1000 under the rail from weakening the rail due to the large compression sinkage due to the small stiffness. The withholding effect.

This exemplary embodiment also provides a track vibration damping fastener. As shown in FIG. 14 , the track vibration damping fastener includes an elastic backing plate 300 . The elastic backing plate 300 is used to be disposed between the rail 600 and the turnout sleeper 500 . The elastic pad 300 includes a first elastic pad 310 and a second elastic pad 320. The upper surface of the first elastic pad 310 is in contact with the lower surface of the rail 600, and the lower surface of the second elastic pad 320 is in contact with the lower surface of the rail 600. It is in contact with the upper surface of the fork pillow 500 , and the stiffness of the first elastic pad 310 is smaller than the stiffness of the second elastic pad 320 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the elastic backing plate 300 includes a first elastic backing plate 310 and a second elastic backing plate 320. The first elastic backing plate 310 in contact with the lower surface of the rail 600 has a lower stiffness and can provide better support for train operation. The lower stiffness ensures that the track system has sufficient damping elasticity and reduces the wheel-rail impact vibration; while the second elastic pad 320 in contact with the upper surface of the turnout sleeper 500 has a higher stiffness. On the one hand, it has a certain The elasticity of the elastic pad 320 can avoid vibration and noise caused by rigid contact with the rail 600. On the other hand, once the compression deformation of the first elastic pad 310 reaches the design value, the second elastic pad 320 can also contact the lower part of the rail 600 to bear the load, thereby The compressive deformation amount of the first elastic pad 310 can be controlled more accurately to ensure that the subsidence of the rail when bearing the train load is within the design range, and to avoid rail deflection, valgus, etc. caused by large deformation of the first elastic pad 310. Corrugation disease ensures the stability of the rails, provides smooth operating conditions for trains to cross the switch, alleviates the wheel-rail impact vibration, and further plays a role in reducing vibration and noise.

In the track damping fastener provided in this example, the structure, material, stiffness and other physical properties of the first elastic pad 310 and the second elastic pad 320 are the same as those in the previous embodiment, and will not be described again here.

In addition, the combination of the first elastic pad 310 and the second elastic pad 320 is also the same as in the previous embodiment. For example, Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the track vibration damping fastener in which the second elastic pad 320 is directly assembled in the receiving hole of the first elastic pad 310; Figure 15 shows that the second elastic pad 320 is vulcanized A schematic diagram of the track vibration damping fastener embedded in the receiving hole of the first elastic pad 310; Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of the track vibration damping fastener in which the first elastic pad 310 and the second elastic pad 320 are concave and convex. . The specific structures of the above three combination methods may refer to the foregoing embodiments and will not be described again here.

It should be understood that in the above description, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", The directions or positional relationships indicated by "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are The orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are only for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore It should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a removable connection. Disassembly and connection, or integration; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the term "above" or "below" the second feature of a first feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may include direct contact between the first and second features. Two features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Furthermore, the terms "above", "above" and "above" a first feature on a second feature include the first feature being directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. “Below”, “under” and “under” the first feature is the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "specific examples," or "some examples" or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may join and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

Other embodiments of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the technical field that are not disclosed in the invention. . It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

A track vibration-absorbing fastener, characterized by including:

iron backing plate;

Height-adjusting pads are arranged below the iron pads;

An elastic pad is provided between the iron pad and the height-adjusting pad. The elastic pad includes a first elastic pad and a second elastic pad, wherein the upper surface of the first elastic pad is The surface is in contact with the lower surface of the iron backing plate, the lower surface of the second elastic backing plate is in contact with the upper surface of the height-adjusting backing plate, and the stiffness of the first elastic backing plate is smaller than that of the third elastic backing plate. 2. The stiffness of the elastic pad;

Fasteners are inserted through the iron backing plate, the elastic backing plate and the height-adjusting backing plate in order to fasten the iron backing plate, the elastic backing plate and the height-adjusting backing plate to the Together.
The track vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffness of the first elastic pad is 5kN/mm～50kN/mm, and the stiffness of the second elastic pad is 100kN/mm～1000kN/ mm.
The track vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the first elastic pad is provided with one or more receiving holes, and each of the receiving holes accommodates one of the second elastic pads. .
The rail vibration-absorbing fastener according to claim 1, wherein the first elastic pad has a concave cross-section along its length direction, and the second elastic pad has a convex cross-section along its length direction. , and the first elastic pad and the second elastic pad are concave and convex.
The track vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, further comprising an eccentric sleeve, wherein a first through hole is provided on the iron backing plate, and a second through hole is provided on the elastic backing plate. The eccentric sleeve is disposed in the first through hole and the second through hole, and the fastener passes through the eccentric sleeve.
The track vibration damping fastener according to claim 6, further comprising a cover plate, the cover plate is assembled above the eccentric sleeve, and the cover plate is provided with a portion corresponding to the hole of the eccentric sleeve. In the third through hole, the part where the cover plate is assembled with the eccentric sleeve is provided with an anti-rotation groove.
The track vibration damping fastener according to claim 6, wherein the cover plate includes an iron plate and an elastic washer, the third through hole and the anti-rotation groove are both provided on the iron plate, and the Elastic washers are embedded in the iron plate and located on opposite sides of the anti-rotation groove.
The track vibration damping fastener according to claim 6, further comprising a spring washer, the spring washer is arranged above the cover plate, so that one end of the fixing member is located on the spring washer. above.
The rail vibration-absorbing fastener according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic cushion layer under the rail, the elastic cushion layer under the rail being disposed between the rail and the iron pad, the elastic cushion layer under the rail being The stiffness is 150kN/mm~300kN/mm.
A track vibration-absorbing fastener, characterized in that it includes an elastic backing plate, the elastic backing plate is used to be arranged between the rail and the turnout sleeper, the elastic backing plate includes a first elastic backing plate and a second elastic backing plate , wherein the upper surface of the first elastic pad is in contact with the lower surface of the rail, the lower surface of the second elastic pad is in contact with the upper surface of the turnout sleeper, and the first elastic pad is in contact with the upper surface of the turnout sleeper. The stiffness of the backing plate is smaller than the stiffness of the second elastic backing plate.