CN103088723B - Track elasticity fastening devices - Google Patents

Abstract

Track elasticity fastening devices.The present invention relates to track accessories.It is placed in the base on sleeper, and utilize anchor bolt and sleeper to be fixed together, feature also comprises guidance set and vertical supporting element, guidance set comprises the director element and guiding trestle that are positioned at steel rail web both sides, director element is arranged on the both sides of steel rail web, director element is clamped by guiding trestle, director element at least partly by elastic polymer material or/and metal spring is formed, can relative movement by the elastic deformation of director element between rail and guiding trestle, director element is it along at least 2.5 times of rail vertical stiffness along rail lateral stiffness, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is not less than director element vertical stiffness.Realize very high lateral stiffness while the present invention can ensure vertical stiffness, when ensureing vibration isolating effect, gauge change is less, wheel track oscillation crosswise is less, and lateral direction of car rocks less, and between wheel track, mutual horizontal sliding is less, wearing and tearing are few, and comfortableness and the safety of train driving are higher.

Description

Track elasticity fastening devices

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of track traffic, relate to a kind of track accessories, be specially a kind of device for fixing running tracks having fastener function and vibration-damping function concurrently.

Background technology

Current track traffic, constantly towards the future development of high-speed overload, while offering convenience, also brings many problems to the productive life of people, particularly the problem of environmental pollution that causes of track noise.For reducing the noise of track, technician have developed the product of many vibration and noise reducings, wherein just comprise the device for fixing running tracks with vibration and noise reducing function, such as number of patent application be 200480019707.1 and number of patent application be all refer in the patent of 200680045628.7 to realize the rail fastening apparatus that suspension plays railroad track, it utilizes bracket to be supported on elastic component by rail's end portion.In this fastening system, under the flange of rail, be designed with a gap, when rail bears a heavy burden, rail can be made to become inclination, the requirement to rigidity can be reduced like this, provide suitable control to rolling and gauge simultaneously.In addition, because rail only keeps in touch with elastic body, therefore during its vibration, energy can first be consumed by elastomeric absorbent, then passes to other structures, so this type of device for fixing running tracks has certain vibration and noise reducing effect.But such device for fixing running tracks also also exists following defect:

(1) rail using this type of device for fixing running tracks to be fixed cannot bear power upwards, therefore in use there is potential safety hazard.Such as, when there being yielding of foundation situation to occur, device for fixing running tracks can decline with basis, but because rail is continuous print, rail can not move down, and therefore can produce uplift force thereupon, likely cause device for fixing running tracks to lose efficacy to the support of rail, affect traffic safety;

(2) in use procedure, time stressed, stress point can change up and down, has wearing and tearing between elastic body and rail, and after elastic component wearing and tearing, stability can decline;

(3) rail only keeps in touch with elastic body, therefore elastic body should provide vertical support to provide horizontal restrain again for rail, vertical stiffness is closely related with lateral stiffness, in order to ensure good vibration and noise reducing effect, elastomeric vertical stiffness in this type of device for fixing running tracks is relatively little, therefore cause the lateral stiffness of rail also less, cause rail oscillation crosswise and rail head in driving conditions shimmy larger, comfort level during train driving is caused to reduce, the wearing and tearing of rail are more serious, a large amount of anon-normal ordinary wave mills has even been there is in some city, have a strong impact on traffic safety,

(4) because rail is in vacant state, safety stock is very little, secondary is not had to protect, once elastic body damages, the geometric position of rail will be out of hand in all directions, can derail be made, so this kind of requirement of device for fixing running tracks to maintenance is higher, maintenance not in time time can affect traffic safety.

Also there is Similar Problems in Cologne egg and other high resiliency high resiliency fastener, due to the lateral stiffness of fastener and vertical stiffness closely related, vertical stiffness constantly reduces along with the raising of damping requirements, and lateral stiffness also decreases, and causes wheel track oscillation crosswise to strengthen, during train driving, transverse shakiness strengthens, have impact on the comfortableness of train, exacerbate rail abrasion, when situation is serious, even cause rail extraordinary wave to grind, add the workload of rail maintenance, serious curtailment rail life.

Above-mentioned defect greatly have impact on the normal use of rail, causes great economic loss, and market is in the urgent need to a kind of novel track fastening devices that can overcome above-mentioned deficiency.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defect, provide that a kind of applicability is stronger, performance is more stable, safety is better, the track elasticity fastening devices that especially lateral stiffness and vertical stiffness have nothing to do or correlation is less.

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention realizes like this, comprise base, base is placed on sleeper, and utilize anchor bolt and sleeper to be fixed together, characterized by further comprising guidance set and vertical supporting element, guidance set comprises the director element and guiding trestle that are positioned at steel rail web both sides, director element is arranged on the both sides of steel rail web, director element is clamped by guiding trestle, director element at least partly by elastic polymer material or/and metal spring is formed, can relative movement by the elastic deformation of director element between rail and guiding trestle, director element is it along at least 2.5 times of rail vertical stiffness along rail lateral stiffness, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is not less than director element vertical stiffness.In general, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is at least 15KN/mm at the lateral stiffness at rail head of rail place.As a kind of special case, base can with sleeper integrated setting.

Vertical supporting element described in the present invention is varied, it can be made up of metal spring, also can be made up of metal spring and elastic polymer Material cladding, in addition, vertical supporting element can also be the cushion of compression-type, shearing-type or the expansion type be made up of elastic polymer material.It is pointed out that the metal spring described in the present invention comprises the multi-form spring such as helical spring, disc spring, leaf spring or metal spring, elastic polymer material comprises the multiple material such as rubber or elastic polyurethane.Generally, vertical supporting element is positioned at below rail, in order to improve stability, arranges the spacing junction plate for preventing relative sliding or mechanical brakeman between vertical supporting element and the flange of rail.

For improving vibration and noise reducing performance, damping element can also be comprised in track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, the various damping members that damping element comprises small-sized damper or is directly made up of damping material, or the specific constructive form such as the labyrinth damping structure to be made up of the sheet material with concaveconvex structure, damping element can be arranged on director element or/and among vertical supporting element, and damping element can also be arranged in parallel with vertical supporting element.

Due to director element at least partly by elastic polymer material or/and metal spring is formed, can relative movement by the elastic deformation of director element between rail and guiding trestle, thus form guiding, vertical supporting element is primary responsibility carrying vertical load then, when being subject to the external force excitations such as wheel excitation when rail like this and vibration occur, director element and vertical load-carrying unit cooperatively act on, can effectively consume, absorbing vibrational energy, reduce the oscillation intensity that rail outwardly transmits, and then realize good vibration isolation effect.In order to take into account director element at the vibration isolating effect of rail transverse direction and director element in the vertical guide effect of rail, in practical application, director element is it along at least 2.5 times of the vertical rigidity of rail along the rigidity of rail transverse direction.For suitably improve director element anyhow to ratio of rigidity, namely along the rigidity of rail transverse direction and along the ratio between the vertical rigidity of rail, and take into account the durability of director element, can arrange at least one deck and strengthen element in the elastic polymer material forming director element, described enhancing element can be various fabric, wire gauze etc.; For improve further director element anyhow to ratio of rigidity, can form director element elastic polymer material in arrange at least one deck for increasing the constraint stiffener of director element lateral stiffness, preferably, the longitudinal midship section that constraint stiffener is parallel to rail is arranged, and with elastic polymer material electrical connection.Because director element have employed the technical scheme of setting up in elastic polymer material and strengthening element or constraint stiffener, enhancing element in director element or between constraint stiffener and the compressive strain of elastic polymer material in outside suffer restraints, compression stiffness (namely lateral stiffness) is increased sharply, and shear strain (i.e. vertical stiffness) does not affect by much, therefore anyhow can in very large range design arbitrarily as required to ratio of rigidity, reach 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 40, 80 times even higher, the no longer excessive performance relying on the elastic polymer material itself forming director element, therefore the performance requirement of adopted elastic polymer material is reduced greatly, talent-selecting field is wider, be conducive to significantly reducing costs while raising guide function, practicality is better.For reaching the effect increasing director element lateral stiffness, constraint stiffener generally adopts the larger sheet metal of rigidity to make, and as iron plate, steel plate, aluminium alloy plate etc., the larger nonmetal plate of rigidity can certainly be utilized to make, as glass epoxy etc.Be noted that especially, because director element has elasticity, in order to ensure that track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention normally plays a role when applying, in the process that track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention and rail assemble, must implement pretension to director element, the size of pretightning force unloads side director element with rail and loosening being advisable does not occur when bearing peak load.In addition, in order to prevent director element in application process along rail longitudinally relative rail generation play, between director element and rail, can also friction pad be set, the skin-friction coefficient of friction pad is large, use less pretightning force just can produce larger frictional resistance to prevent relative movement, be conducive to the life-span increasing friction pad, the material that friction pad can directly utilize skin-friction coefficient large is made, as elastomeric material etc.; Also can be that multiple material is composited, pad etc. obtained after infiltrating pitch, carbon black and rosin as utilized sisal hemp fabric.In addition, as a kind of special case, when namely the vertical supporting capacity being used alone director element can meet instructions for use, also director element can be used as vertical supporting element, namely director element and vertical supporting element become one.

In order to prevent the contact surface of director element and guiding trestle from wearing and tearing, be provided with surperficial junction plate on the surface that director element contacts with guiding trestle, surperficial junction plate and director element firmly link together.Stressed for the ease of cooperatively interacting, generally, surperficial junction plate is U-shaped or L-type.In addition, between surperficial junction plate and guiding trestle, utilize alignment pin and locating hole to cooperatively interact, or utilize concaveconvex structure to coordinate, to facilitate assembling and positioning therebetween.

In order to prevent rail upwards slippage under uplift force effect, pretension block can be set between guiding trestle and rail wing plate upper surface, pretension block is made up of metal spring, elastic polymer material or the two compound, and pretension block independently arranges or becomes one with director element.Elastic polymer material described herein, comprises the multiple material such as elastic caoutchouc or elastic polyurethane.It is worth mentioning that, according to stressed unbalanced in rail both sides when contacting with wheel, the elastic polymer material that inside and outside rail, the director element of both sides can adopt elasticity different is made, to optimize operating attitude when rail coordinates with wheel.

Guiding trestle also has multiple to director element method of clamping, it can be the web of the rail surface that guiding trestle directly clamps that director element is pressed on rail, also wedge shape part or position adjustments bolt can be set between director element and guiding trestle, thus director element be pressed on the web of the rail surface of rail.

Can also comprise profiling block in the guidance set of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, profiling block is between director element and steel rail web.The usefulness that can obtain by arranging profiling block comprises: (1), compared with director element, the size of imitation shape piece is less, is convenient to retrofit, and profiling size is more accurate, tightr with steel rail web surface engagement; (2) with directly carry out compared with the profiling of local on director element, be conducive to reducing difficulty of processing, cut down finished cost; (3) independent its structure of imitation shape piece arranged is more flexible, be convenient to increase the functional units such as damping structure, the effects such as noise reduction can be realized better, the labyrinth damping structure be jointly made up of sheet material and the damping layer with convex-concave structure such as, is set in profiling block, just can realizes good noise reduction.

In track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, guiding trestle has two, lays respectively at rail both sides.Conveniently install, simultaneously also for the ease of the chucking power between adjustment director element and rail, the demountable technical scheme of at least one guiding trestle can be adopted.In order to ensure that dismountable guiding trestle its support direction in installation and use procedure does not deflect change, the base at dismountable guiding trestle place is provided with the guide groove along rail transverse direction, guiding trestle part is placed in guide groove, and can be horizontal relative to base sliding along rail in guide groove, then fix.Dismountable guiding trestle can be directly fixed on base by securing member, or arranges shoulder block on base, and shoulder block coordinates with wedge shape part or pad and position adjustments bolt and is fixed on base by guiding trestle.Described shoulder block is for fixing shoulder block or/and detachable shoulder block, and namely shoulder block is fixedly installed on base or/and be arranged to one with base.

When utilizing wedge shape part and shoulder block coordinates, for preventing loosening, being provided with the dentation convex-concave structure cooperatively interacted between wedge shape part and shoulder block, between wedge shape part and shoulder block, being also provided with locking member, locking member is guide groove and locking washer, and the thickness of locking washer is greater than the thickness of tooth in dentation convex-concave structure.

In addition, be the pulling capacity produced when overcoming and relative movement occurs between rail and base, can hook groove be set on base, by dismountable guiding trestle or/and dismountable shoulder block is hooked in hooks on groove.For the consideration preventing rail generation excessive deformation, in track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, on base, corresponding Rail bottom is also provided with emergent supporting member, and the gap between meeting an urgent need at the bottom of supporting member end face and Rail is more than or equal to maximum distortion when rail normally works.In addition, in order to make rail surface even at wheel weight effect lower stress, base correspondence can also be provided with rail cant.

In track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, on base, corresponding Rail bottom can also be provided with flange of rail guidance set, and flange of rail guidance set is at the bottom of Rail and between base.Wherein, flange of rail guidance set can comprise and increases boss along the vertical projection of rail on base, rail wing plate outer and the contact surface increased between boss sidewall form slide-and-guide face, it is vertical that slide-and-guide face is parallel to rail, and slide-and-guide face at least side is made up of high-abrasive material or surface is provided with wear-resistant material layer; Flange of rail guidance set can also comprise flange of rail location-plate, flange of rail location-plate is stuck in rail foot, matching surface between flange of rail location-plate and base forms slide-and-guide face, it is vertical that slide-and-guide face is parallel to rail, and slide-and-guide face at least side is made up of high-abrasive material or surface is provided with wear-resistant material layer; Flange of rail guidance set can also be made up of flange of rail location-plate and flange of rail elastic guide element, and flange of rail location-plate is stuck in rail foot, and flange of rail elastic guide element and vertical supporting element are set up in parallel or become one.Typically apply as one, flange of rail elastic guide element can be comprise the labyrinth damping structure be jointly made up of sheet material and the damping layer with convex-concave structure.

It should be noted that, due to the existence of rail cant, the concept in the described direction such as horizontal, vertical, longitudinal herein, it is all benchmark with rail, corresponding with the horizontal, vertical of rail and longitudinal direction respectively, wherein said rail longitudinally, is the bearing of trend of rail; Rail is vertical, vertical namely at the bottom of Rail; Laterally, namely rail web midship section is vertical for rail.

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is by arranging guidance set and vertical supporting element, realize the vertical stressed carrying of rail and the geometry location function of rail respectively, the guidance set acting on steel rail web place is responsible for keeping the geometric position of rail, guiding when geometry state and steel rail dynamic deformation, the elastic supporting element be located between the flange of rail and base is responsible for bearing main vertical load, both material properties, mechanical property can separately optimizing, guidance set is not frayed, wear and tear less or insensitive to wearing and tearing, make the geometry state of rail vertical stressed time work steady in a long-term, particularly rail work time lateral stiffness and anti-beat rigidity more reasonable, can alleviate or overcome comparatively large thus horizontal the rollings increasing of the train caused of horizontal sliding between rail lateral stiffness deficiency causes under External Force Acting wheel track, comfort level reduces, the problems such as wearing and tearing quickening, and there is the defects such as extraordinary wave mill under given conditions, be conducive to the application life of improving rail, improve safety and the comfortableness of driving simultaneously.

In addition, by arranging pretension block, can prevent rail on pull out; By arranging damping element, the nuisance vibration energy of rail effectively can be absorbed; By arranging flange of rail guiding device, the lateral stiffness of rail, anti-beat rigidity and safety can be improved further; Flange of rail load-carrying unit adopts metal spring, arranges the measures such as emergent supporting member under the flange of rail, can ensure load-carrying unit just in case when losing efficacy, within the deflection of rail is limited in safe range, prevent derail.And constraint stiffener is set in flexible director element, the ratio of the lateral stiffness of director element and vertical stiffness can be optimized arbitrarily as required, and arrange surperficial junction plate flexible director element is not is not worn and torn, the life-span is extremely long.

In this article, in order to understand conveniently, the vertical stiffness of director element is defined as the shearing rigidity that all director elements in rail both sides in single track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention are subject to when rail is out of shape along down cut on the vertical median plane of rail under Pre strained state simultaneously, i.e. the ratio of vertical active force and vertical deviation; The lateral stiffness of director element is defined as all director elements in rail both sides under Pre strained state, is subject to the rigidity of rail when the contact surface centre-height transverse translation of director element and the web of the rail is out of shape simultaneously, i.e. the ratio of horizontal force and this place's lateral displacement.

In this article, the rigidity of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, except the stiffness contribution comprising director element, also comprises the stiffness contribution of vertical supporting element.The vertical stiffness of track elasticity fastening devices is defined as single fastening devices and is subject to along the ratio of the vertical active force during effect of rail vertical median plane with rail vertical deviation at rail; The comprehensive lateral stiffness of track elasticity fastening devices refers to that it is when rail head is subject to the horizontal force along rail transverse direction in the present invention, and horizontal force and the ratio of the lateral displacement at rail head place, be also called for short the lateral stiffness of track elasticity fastening devices.The lateral displacement of rail head comprises the transverse translation of rail and rail around the deflection of rail longitudinal direction, containing the contribution of fastener deflection stiffness, therefore as without refering in particular to, no longer in addition deflection stiffness being discussed.The elastic deformation of rail own is ignored in addition.

For rubber-plastics material and disk spring, dynamic stiffness is generally slightly larger than Static stiffness, general equal with Static stiffness for helical spring dynamic stiffness.Therefore, as nothing is refered in particular in the present invention, also no longer dynamic stiffness is discussed, rigidity generally makes a general reference Static stiffness.

More than define the principle being only and understanding patent of the present invention better and define.According to above definition, known through theory calculate, when being subject to effective cross spacing at the bottom of Rail, the lateral stiffness of director element is roughly that it forms track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention 4 times of the comprehensive lateral stiffness in rail head of rail place; When there is a small amount of lateral displacement at the bottom of Rail, the lateral stiffness of director element is roughly that it forms track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention 5 ~ 8 times of the comprehensive lateral stiffness in rail head of rail place.

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, by arranging guidance set and vertical supporting element, makes the vertical stiffness of fastening devices of the present invention and lateral stiffness to distinguish optimal design, meets the active demand of Vehicles Collected from Market, filled up technological gap:

1) at present the most frequently used high resiliency fastener has Cologne egg, pioneer's fastener on subway and light rail market.The vertical Static stiffness of Cologne egg within the scope of 0 ~ 15kN is 8-14kN/mm, the rail head lateral displacement of single fastener under vertical 40kN and horizontal 20kN acts on simultaneously is 2.6 ~ 4mm, calculating comprehensive lateral stiffness is 5-7kN/mm, anyhow to ratio of rigidity be 0.5 ~ 0.6; The vertical Static stiffness 5kN/mm of pioneer's fastener, vertical dynamic stiffness is 6kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 9 ~ 12kN/mm, and calculating the rail head lateral displacement of single fastener under vertical 40kN and horizontal 20kN acts on simultaneously is 1.6 ~ 2.2mm, anyhow to ratio of rigidity be 1.8 ~ 2.4.

2) the vertical Static stiffness scope of the general fastener of China's subway solid concrete roabed is 30 ~ 40kN/mm, and lateral static stiffness scope is 20 ~ 60kN/mm.

3) the ballast track bed vertical stiffness of China's Beijing-Shanghai express railway is 50 ~ 80kN/mm, and ballastless bed vertical stiffness is 40 ~ 60kN/mm.

4) the vertical Static stiffness of fastener of the main line railway in British Rail standard can reach 100 ~ 200kN/mm.

As can be seen from investigation and the statistics of the different situations such as domestic and international, subway, light rail, high ferro, in existing various document, the vertical stiffness research of contacting piece is more, because damping requirements is different, its excursion is very large, can arbitrarily optimum option or design between 4 ~ 200kN/mm, control measure are also comparatively simple, and the main vertical stiffness of resilient sleeper-bearing that relies on regulates; By contrast, the lateral stiffness research of domestic and international various document contacting piece is very few, from data limited above, changes between 5 ~ 60kN/mm, changes relatively little.The operative practice of more domestic subways shows, fastener lateral stiffness has occurred the problem such as comfortableness reduction, rail abrasion quickening in the section of below 12kN/mm.In order to ensure the lateral stability of rail, the lateral stiffness of fastener should be not less than 15kN/mm, and more high better within the specific limits, and the rail head lateral displacement of single fastener under vertical 40kN and horizontal 20kN acts on simultaneously controls at below 1.3mm better.In addition, be it can also be seen that by above-mentioned explanation, the lateral stiffness absolute value of fastener system and rail head of rail lateral displacement are the key parameters controlling wheel track lateral stability, instead of anyhow to ratio of rigidity.

But because Cologne egg and the contour spring secures rail to sleeper of pioneer's fastener adopt same flexible member to bear vertical load and transverse load simultaneously, under common high resiliency fastener relies on rail, resilient sleeper-bearing controls fastener vertical stiffness, lateral stiffness and vertical stiffness all close association, cannot single optimization, although lateral stiffness is too low, if but do not adopt new structure or principle, in order to the user demand meeting vertical stiffness cannot give substantive raising more simultaneously.

Track elasticity fastening devices utilization of the present invention arranges director element in web of the rail both sides and carries out leading and horizontal vibration isolation, the vertical supporting element arranged under recycling rail bears vertical load, and utilize vertical supporting element and/or damping element to absorb harmful vibrational energy, the vertical stiffness of whole system, damping ratio, lateral stiffness can be optimized respectively, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can be realized while guarantee vertical stiffness there is very high lateral stiffness, therefore after using when ensureing that vibration isolating effect is very high, gauge change is less, wheel track oscillation crosswise is less, lateral direction of car rocks less, between wheel track, mutual horizontal sliding is less, wearing and tearing are few, comfortableness and the safety of train driving are higher.

Be noted that to compose a piece of writing conveniently especially, in describing herein, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is also called for short fastening devices of the present invention or apparatus of the present invention sometimes, and its implication is identical.

In addition, when director element or the vertical elastic supporting element employing metallic elastic component such as disc spring or leaf spring, longer service life, routine servicing requires lower, can significantly to decay the vibrational energy of rail when extraneous exciting force effect simultaneously, realize good effect of vibration and noise reduction, its cost performance is higher, and market application foreground is very wide.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is one of structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention and application schematic diagram thereof.

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is two and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is three and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is that the A of Fig. 5 is to partial view.

Fig. 7 is four and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is five and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is six and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 10 is the top view of Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is seven and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 12 is eight and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the top view of Figure 12.

Figure 14 is nine and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 15 is ten and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 16 is 11 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 17 is the B-B sectional view of Figure 16.

Figure 18 is 12 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 19 is 13 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 20 is 14 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 21 is the C-C sectional view of Figure 20.

Figure 22 is 15 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 23 is 16 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 24 is 17 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 25 is 18 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 26 is 19 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Figure 27 is the D-D sectional view of Figure 26.

Figure 28 is 20 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment one

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprises the base 1 that cast steel material is made, and in addition, also comprises guidance set and vertical supporting element.Guidance set comprises the director element 3 and guiding trestle 2 that are positioned at rail 9 web of the rail both sides, setting position adjusting bolt 5 on guiding trestle 2, and director element 3 is pressed on the web of the rail surface of rail 9 by pressing plate 4 and position adjustments bolt 5.Wherein, guiding trestle 2 arranges two, and it is identical with base 1 material, and is cast as one with base 1; Director element 3 is made up of elastane, and director element is at rail 9 web section and rail close contact, and vertical supporting element is made up of metal spring, is specially metal disc spring 7 in diagram, and it is positioned at below rail 9, has elasticity rail is vertical.

In addition, affect the consideration of traffic safety for preventing rail generation excessive deformation, on base 1, corresponding rail 9 flange of rail place is also provided with emergent supporting member 8.Emergent gap between supporting member 8 end face and rail 9 flange of rail is more than or equal to maximum distortion when rail normally works.In this example, emergent supporting member 8 be the cylindrical boss that on base 1, integration is cast, and disc spring 7 is set on emergent supporting member 8, and relies on supporting member 8 of meeting an urgent need to realize centering and spacing.According to domestic and international related standards, in order to prevent derail, during rail fracture, the dislocation of incision position must not be greater than 10mm vertical, the setting of emergent supporting member 8, can ensure to meet this standard, as long as emergent gap between supporting member 8 end face and rail 9 flange of rail is not more than 10mm.Certainly, during embody rule, also as required one deck rubber tile (not shown) can be set at emergent supporting member 8 end face, prevent rail from contacting with emergent supporting member 8 is very stiff and demanding, produce noise and infringement.The upper and lower surface of disc spring can arrange wear-resisting material in addition, to prevent rail and seat wear (not shown).Be noted that conveniently draining in addition, in base 1, on the recessed circumferential sidewall holding vertical supporting element 7, be provided with gap 61.

In this routine described technical scheme, director element 3 is directly made up of elastic polymer material, can relative movement by the elastic deformation of director element 3 between rail 9 and guiding trestle 2, when being subject to the external force excitations such as wheel excitation when rail like this and vibration occur, director element can consume absorbing vibrational energy effectively, reduce the oscillation intensity that rail outwardly transmits, and then realize good horizontal vibration isolating effect.It is to be noted, in order to take into account director element at the vibration isolating effect of rail transverse direction and director element in the vertical guide effect of rail, in practical application, the elasticity forming the elastic polymer material of director element is not more high better, should according to traffic safety requirement, suitable flexible material is selected by calculation optimization, and also need to calculate to pretightning force and excellently to determine, and ensure that director element is it along at least 2.5 times of the vertical rigidity of rail along the rigidity of rail transverse direction, in general, the lateral stiffness of director element outside rail head of rail should meet and be at least 15kN/mm.In addition, the vertical supporting element 7 of the vertical stressed main dependence of rail is born, and in order to reach this purpose, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element should be not less than director element vertical stiffness.

Be applied to subway for track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention described in the present embodiment below, its superiority is described.The vertical stiffness of director element 3 is 20kN/mm, central tension pressure lateral stiffness 60kN/mm, the vertical Static stiffness of vertical supporting element disc spring is 21kN/mm, the lateral stiffness of disc spring is high, at director element with under the acting in conjunction of vertical supporting element, the vertical stiffness of apparatus of the present invention is 41kN/mm, vertical elasticity and vibration isolating effect better, lateral static stiffness is about 15kN/mm, under vertical 40kN and horizontal 20kN normal loading act on simultaneously, the lateral displacement of rail head is about 1.3mm, lateral stiffness absolute value is higher, lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving can be ensured.

During application, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is directly utilized to substitute conventional rails fastener, vertical supporting element 7 is put into the groove of base 1, then base 1 and guiding trestle 2 are assembled together with rail 9, installing hole 10 again by base 1 is arranged is fixed on base 1 on sleeper (not shown), finally utilize pressing plate 4 and position adjustments bolt 5 to be pressed on the web of the rail by director element 3, and utilize bolt 5 can buffer rail distance, realize the location to rail 9 and guiding.Be noted that especially, in order to ensure that track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention normally plays a role when applying, in the process that track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention and rail assemble, pretension must be implemented to director element, the size of pretightning force does not all occur to loosen with rail all director elements when bearing peak load is advisable, this point is applicable to all embodiments of the present invention, illustrates in the lump at this, repeats no longer one by one in embodiment below.The operating principle of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is as follows, when rail vehicle (not shown) from rail 9 through out-of-date, utilize and the lateral deformation of guidance set to rail is set in web of the rail both sides to give constraint spacing, because director element 3 has certain elasticity, its lateral stiffness is comparatively large and be greater than vertical stiffness, can relative movement by the elastic deformation of director element 3 between rail 9 and guiding trestle 2, therefore good guiding can be given to the vertical distortion of rail, ensure the geometry state of rail in deformation process, the disc spring 7 arranged under recycling rail supports vertical the carrying out of rail and consumes energy, effectively alleviate stability when vibrating and improve forces acted on rail, ensure the safety of driving.In addition, owing to have employed disc spring as flexible member, longer service life, routine servicing requires lower, has frictional damping, the vibrational energy of rail when extraneous exciting force effect of can significantly decaying simultaneously, realize good effect of vibration and noise reduction, its cost performance is higher.Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can realize the disc spring exchange of the different vertical stiffness of many groups in addition, can according to the difference of differently strand damping requirement in engineering, do not need other forms of fastener, just can realize the optimization of the vertical stiffness of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention.

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is by arranging guidance set and elastic supporting element, realize the geometry location function of rail and the vertical stressed bearing function of rail respectively, the guidance set being located at steel rail web place is responsible for keeping the geometric position of rail, guiding when geometry state and steel rail dynamic deformation, the elastic supporting element be located between the flange of rail and base is responsible for bearing main vertical load, both material properties, mechanical property can separately optimizing, guidance set is insensitive to wearing and tearing, make the geometry state of rail vertical stressed time work steady in a long-term, lateral stiffness during rail work is larger, rail head beat rigidity also increases, rail lateral deformation is less, can alleviate or overcome rail lateral stiffness deficiency under External Force Acting causes horizontal sliding between wheel track comparatively large thus the train caused is horizontal rocks increasing, rail abrasion aggravates, be conducive to the application life of improving rail, improve safety and the comfortableness of driving simultaneously.

To sum up, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention not only achieves all functions of common fastener, also possess better anti-vibration performance and security performance, owing to being provided with emergent supporting member, once there is fortuitous event simultaneously, when deformation of rail reaches capacity, emergent supporting member 8 will directly be supported on rail foot surface, can avoid the further excessive deformation of rail, make traffic safety more guaranteed, its combination property, considerably beyond the fastener of existing various structure, has wide market prospects.

Except elastane, director element also can be made up of other elastic polymer materials such as rubber, as long as can meet at the horizontal and vertical rigidity requirement of rail, also can realize same effect.Except disc spring, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can also adopt other forms of metal spring as vertical supporting element, such as can also adopt helical spring, leaf spring or metal spring etc., as long as enough elasticity can be provided the vertical of rail, same effect can be realized.

Embodiment two

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, be with the difference of embodiment one, guidance set comprises one and casts all-in-one-piece guiding trestle 2 and a dismountable guiding trestle 2a with base 1, and wherein guiding trestle 2a utilizes securing member 13 to be fixed on base 1.Owing to being provided with a dismountable guiding trestle 2a, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can carry out with rail 9 assembling easily and relative position adjusts, and therefore directly utilizes guiding trestle 2 and 2a to be pressed on steel rail web by director element 3.Director element 3 adopts contoured design with the matching surface of rail, and the web of the rail surface of itself and whole rail all keeps close contact.In addition, wear and tear with the contact surface of guiding trestle 2 and 2a to prevent director element 3, be provided with the surperficial junction plate 11 that steel plate is made on the surface that director element 3 and guiding trestle 2 contact with 2a, surperficial junction plate 11 bonds together securely with director element 3.As shown in Figure 3, director element 3 can be realized by surperficial junction plate 11 concaveconvex structure arranged corresponding on guiding trestle 2 and 2a to locate with coordinating between guiding trestle 2 and 2a.For improving the application life of director element 3, being also provided with in director element 3 and strengthening element 12, strengthen element 12 and be made up of the two layers of one of sisal cloth be folded in the middle of director element 3.In order to ensure horizontal without relative sliding between disc spring and rail, between the flange of rail and disc spring, set up spacing junction plate 72, spacing junction plate 72 is made up of cast steel material.In application process, longitudinally play is there is along rail in order to prevent director element 3, friction pad 73 is also provided with between director element 3 and rail 9 web of the rail, friction pad 73 infiltrates pitch, carbon black and rosin by sisal hemp fabric and makes, its friction factor can reach more than 1.0, adopt the high material of friction factor can reduce the horizontal pretightning force of director element, reduce director element stress and strain level, improve its life-span.

Owing to being provided with enhancing element in director element 3, suffer restraints with the compressive strain of outside macromolecular material between enhancing element 12 in director element 3, its compression stiffness---namely lateral stiffness is increased sharply, and shear strain---namely vertical stiffness does not affect by much, therefore anyhow can in very large range design arbitrarily as required to ratio of rigidity, anyhow being significantly improved to ratio of rigidity of director element, can bring up to 5 ~ 40 times.

Be applied to subway for track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention described in the present embodiment below, its superiority is described.The vertical stiffness of director element 3 is 4kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 80kN/mm, the vertical Static stiffness of vertical supporting element disc spring is 5kN/mm, the lateral stiffness of disc spring is high, at director element with under the acting in conjunction of vertical supporting element, the vertical stiffness of fastening devices of the present invention is 9kN/mm, vertical elasticity and vibration isolating effect significantly improve, lateral static stiffness is about 20kN/mm, under vertical 40kN and horizontal 20kN normal loading act on simultaneously, the lateral displacement of rail head is about 1mm, under the prerequisite that vibration isolating effect significantly improves, lateral stiffness improves more, improve lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving, and can wheel-rail wear and tear be reduced.

During application, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is directly utilized to substitute conventional rails fastener, disc spring 7 is put into the groove of base 1, then base 1 and guiding trestle 2 are assembled together with rail 9, fixing dismountable guiding trestle 2a installed by recycling securing member 13, guide 3 is pressed on the web of the rail by the position of simultaneously adjusting guiding trestle 2a, realize, to the spacing of rail 9 and guiding, finally by the installing hole 10 that base 1 is arranged, base 1 being fixed in sleeper (not shown).In order to adjust rail square, on guiding trestle 2a, the installing hole 60 of corresponding securing member 13 is also strip hole, hereby illustrates.

Owing to directly utilizing guiding trestle 2 and 2a, director element 3 is pressed on steel rail web, eliminate pressing plate and position adjustments bolt, therefore the structure of this routine described technical scheme is more simply compact, and installation efficiency is higher, do not need during maintenance to dismantle rail, workload is less.Again owing to being provided with surperficial junction plate 11 on director element 3 surface, be also provided with in director element 3 and strengthen element 12, its longer service life, cost performance is higher.

Surface junction plate 11 is except use steel plate, also other surperficial junction plates such as corrosion resistant plate, aluminium alloy plate, color steel can be adopted, certainly the nonmetallic surface junction plate that glass fiber reinforced plastic uniform wearability energy is good can also be adopted, mode is fixedly connected with between director element with surperficial junction plate, except bonding, according to the mode such as different choice heat seal, riveted joint, sulfuration of material, can also can realize same function.In addition, except one of sisal cloth, strengthen element and also can select other fabrics or wire gauze.According to different needs, strengthen element in director element and can arrange two layers, also only one deck can be set, certainly, can also arrange three layers even more multi-layered.

Spacing junction plate 72, except utilizing the metal material such as cast steel, steel plate and making, also can utilize the nonmetals such as glass fiber reinforced plastic to make, as long as intensity, the service behaviour such as wear-resisting, ageing-resistant meet instructions for use, can be applied in the present invention.The skin-friction coefficient of friction pad is large, and can produce larger frictional resistance to prevent relative movement, the material that friction pad can directly utilize skin-friction coefficient large is made, as elastomeric material etc.; Also can be that multiple material is composited, pad etc. obtained after infiltrating pitch and resin as utilized sisal hemp fabric.

For making rail surface even at wheel weight effect lower stress, on base 1, also correspondence is provided with rail cant, and the rail cant gradient is 1: 40.Owing to being provided with rail cant, wheel pressure can be made to concentrate on the axis of rail, reduce load over centre distance, reduce web of the rail stress, avoid rail head and web of the rail junction that lobe occurs, the serpentine locomotion of train can also be alleviated operational effect.According to related request, under any circumstance, rail cant should not be greater than 1: 12 or be less than 1: 60.Certainly, for concrete crosstie circuit, also by the regulation beveling of the rail support groove of sleeper by rail cant, the difficulty of processing of base can be reduced like this.According to these requirements, the direction of improvement also can be provided technical scheme described in embodiment one, such as, can set up rail cant in the base, or before concrete crosstie circuit uses, the rail support groove of sleeper be carried out pretreatment etc. by rail cant requirement.

Embodiment three

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, is with the difference of embodiment two as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, and director element 3 adopts elastic polymer material to make, and what adopt in this example is elastomeric material.Also be provided with in director element 3 and strengthen element 12, strengthen element 12 and be made up of the three layers of wire gauze be located in the middle of director element 3.Director element 3 and web of the rail contact surface are provided with groove, be conducive to regulating the transverse elasticity of director element 3 and vertical elasticity, and contribute to heat radiation, in the course of work, can relative movement by the elastic deformation of director element 3 between rail 9 and guiding trestle 2 and 2a, director element 3 need not and guiding trestle between slide, therefore, surperficial junction plate 11 arranges locating hole, corresponding guiding trestle 2 and 2a arrange the alignment pin 14 coordinated with locating hole, the two is fixedly connected with, realizes reliably spacing, so can friction pad be omitted.In addition, for the ease of coordinating pretension that is spacing and that realize director element between director element with guiding trestle, surperficial junction plate 11 arranges l-shaped.In addition, for making disc spring 7 uniform force, base plate 15 is set between disc spring 7 and rail 9, base plate 15 is upwards turned up along the longitudinal both sides of rail, the centering that face-hardened steel pipe ensures disc spring is set in the middle part of base plate 15, use as emergent supporting member 8, the gap between the bottom surface of emergent supporting member 8 and base 1 bottom surface should be more than or equal to maximum distortion when rail 9 normally works simultaneously.Corresponding with the position of emergent supporting member 8, base 1 is also provided with through hole 16.Base plate 15 utilizes the part of turning up of both sides to be formed spacing to rail 9, the steel pipe simultaneously arranged downwards in the middle part of it forms spacing to disc spring 7 again, therefore, base plate 15 serves the function of spacing junction plate simultaneously, can ensure between disc spring and the flange of rail laterally fricton-tight, also use as spacing junction plate at this.On base 1, the local, both sides of corresponding guiding trestle 2a position is provided with boss 50, and boss 50 and susceptor surface form guide groove.Dismountable guiding trestle 2a part is placed in guide groove, and can be horizontal relative to base sliding along rail in guide groove.Guide groove 50 can receive and better to the longitudinal anti-creep power of base transmission, prevents dismountable guiding trestle from deflecting around rail is vertical in installation and use procedure.

This routine described track elasticity fastening devices is identical with the assembly method between rail and embodiment two, it is to be noted, because the elasticity of director element 3 is larger, when assembling, guiding trestle should be utilized to make between director element and rail, to produce certain pretightning force, the vertical guiding that can realize well rail with guarantee and cross spacing effect, and ensure that director element 3 longitudinally play can not occur along rail.In application process, reach capacity once deformation of rail, emergent supporting member 8 through through hole 16, will be supported on sleeper on the surface, can avoid the further excessive deformation of rail, ensure vehicle driving safety.In addition, the through hole 16 base 1 arranged can also play the effect of draining in actual application.

Embodiment four

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, is with the difference of embodiment three as shown in Figure 7, and base 1 is arranged two dismountable guiding trestle 2a, guiding trestle 2a is fixed on base 1 by securing member 13.For the ease of coordinating pretension that is spacing and that realize director element between director element with guiding trestle, surperficial junction plate 11 is arranged to U-shaped, and surperficial junction plate 11 also arranges alignment pin 14, corresponding guiding trestle 2a arranges locating hole and is mated.It should be noted that, in order to make rail 9 can bear external force upwards, be also provided with pretension block 17 between the rail wing of guiding trestle 2a and rail 9, in this example, pretension block 17 and director element 3 are arranged to one, and the two is made by elastomeric material.In addition, vertical supporting element can also be made up of elastic polymer material and metal spring compound, in this example, vertical supporting element is made up of metal disc spring 7 compound together with elastomeric material 20, for making metal disc spring 7 stressed more balanced, above metal disc spring 7 and the upper bearing plate 18 that arranges respectively of below and lower support plate 19, upper and lower base plate is all made with case-hardened steel plate, utilizes sulfuration process and elastomeric material 20 to be coupled to one.Wherein upper bearing plate 18 is upwards turned up along the longitudinal both sides of rail, can form spacing, use equally at this as spacing junction plate rail.The high-damping rubber that elastomeric material 20 selects damped coefficient higher, namely constitutes the damping element in vertical supporting element at this.

Be applied to subway for track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention described in the present embodiment below, its superiority is described.Owing to not arranging enhancing element in director element 3, anyhow ratio of rigidity is lower than 3, vertical stiffness is 27kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 80kN/mm, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is 27kN/mm, owing to containing disc spring, the lateral stiffness of vertical supporting element is high, under the acting in conjunction of director element and vertical supporting element, the vertical stiffness of apparatus of the present invention is 54kN/mm, vertical elasticity and vibration isolating effect moderate, lateral static stiffness is about 20kN/mm, under vertical 40kN and horizontal 20kN normal loading act on simultaneously, the lateral displacement of rail head is about 1mm, lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving can be ensured, and reduce rail abrasion.

During application, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is utilized to substitute conventional rails fastener, vertical supporting element puts into the groove of base 1, base 1 is placed on rail 9 times, vertical supporting element is made to be placed in immediately below rail 9, installing hole 10 again by base 1 is arranged is fixed on base 1 on sleeper (not shown), director element 3 is pressed on the web of the rail by the position of adjusting guiding trestle 2a, make director element 3 and between pretension block 17 and rail, all produce the pretightning force of setting, then securing member 13 is utilized to fixedly secure on base 1 by two dismountable guiding trestle 2a, realize the cross spacing to rail 9, guiding and supporting.Certainly based on the know-why of embodiment three, also can first one of them guiding trestle 2a be fixed on base 1 in advance, then and rail between assemble.

Owing to adding elastic polymer material in vertical supporting element, therefore vertical supporting element not only can provide vertical supporting for rail, can also provide larger damping simultaneously, therefore can realize vertical vibration isolation and effectiveness in vibration suppression better.And in metal disc spring 7 outer setting after elastomeric material 20, be more conducive to the anticorrosion of metal disc spring 7, be conducive to the application life of improving track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention further.After being particularly provided with pretension block 17, Rail wing upper surface is carried out effective spacing, can limit rail on move, therefore rail can bear larger external force upwards, and its compliance is stronger, can tackle the special circumstances such as foundation settlement.Based on the know-why of this example, pretension block can be made up of metal spring, elastic polymer material or the two compound.

It is pointed out that the operating attitude into optimizing when rail coordinates with wheel in addition, the director element that inside and outside rail, both sides are arranged also can adopt different flexible elastic polymer material to make, and this point is applicable to all technical schemes of the present invention.

Embodiment five

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 8, be with the difference of embodiment four, vertical supporting element is made up of metal leaf spring 7 compound together with elastane 26, for making metal leaf spring 7 stressed more balanced, above metal leaf spring 7 and the upper bearing plate 24 that arranges respectively of below and lower support plate 25, on upper bearing plate 24, corresponding rail 9 is welded and fixed and is provided with positive stop 75, upper and lower base plate is all made with steel plate, and is combined by pouring technology with elastane 26.At this, the upper bearing plate 24 arranging positive stop 75 also uses as spacing junction plate simultaneously.In addition, for promoting director element in the rigidity along rail transverse direction, in the elastomeric material forming director element 3, two pieces of constraint stiffeners 21 for increasing director element lateral stiffness are set, constraint stiffener 21 is iron plate, its longitudinal midship section being parallel to rail 9 is arranged, and with elastomeric material electrical connection, owing to having set up constraint stiffener, director element 3 has strengthened greatly along the rigidity of rail transverse direction.In addition, pretension block 17 is independent to be arranged, it adopts elastane to make, pretension block 17 is firmly pasted surperficial junction plate 22 is set, surface junction plate 22 is provided with locating hole, corresponding guiding trestle is arranged alignment pin 23 to be mated, the assembling between pretension block 17 and guiding trestle can be realized by the cooperation of dowel hole.In order to step down to pretension block, director element 3 shortens accordingly, and the surperficial junction plate 11 of its surperficial fixed connection arranges l-shaped.

The application process of this routine described track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is substantially identical with embodiment four.

The track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention of this structure, owing to being provided with the constraint stiffener 21 for increasing director element lateral stiffness in director element, suffer restraints with the compressive strain of outside macromolecular material between constraint stiffener in director element 3 constraint of stiffener, compression stiffness---namely lateral stiffness is increased sharply, and shear strain---namely vertical stiffness is unrestricted, therefore anyhow can in very large range design arbitrarily as required to ratio of rigidity, not only can meet the basic demand of 2.5 times, even can reach 10 times, 20 times, 40 times, 80 times even higher.

Be applied to subway for track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention described in the present embodiment below, its superiority is described.The vertical stiffness of director element 3 is 3kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 120kN/mm, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is 4kN/mm, the lateral stiffness of the high therefore vertical supporting element of the lateral stiffness due to leaf spring is also high, at director element with under the acting in conjunction of vertical supporting element, the vertical stiffness of apparatus of the present invention is 7kN/mm, vertical elasticity and vibration isolating effect significantly improve, lateral stiffness is about 30kN/mm, fastening devices of the present invention anyhow rise to 4.3 times to ratio of rigidity, under vertical 40kN and horizontal 20kN normal loading act on simultaneously, the lateral displacement of rail head is only about 0.67mm, under the prerequisite that vibration isolating effect significantly improves, lateral stiffness effectively improves, improve lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving, and the wearing and tearing of wheel track can be reduced.

Based on the principle described in this example, also can form elastic supporting element with alternative metals leaf springs such as metal disc spring, helical spring, metal clips as metal spring and elastic polymer Material cladding, also can realize same effect.In addition, pretension block, except adopting elastic polymer material and making, can also utilize metal spring or elastic polymer material and metal spring compound to form.

Embodiment six

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, be with the difference of embodiment five, the guiding trestle 2 of side still with base 1 integrated setting, at opposite side, base 1 is provided with guide groove 62 and fixing shoulder block 30, wherein guide groove 62 is also provided with near one end of rail and hooks groove 63, and the width of guide groove 62 is slightly larger than the width of dismountable guiding trestle 2b.During use, guiding trestle 2b puts into guide groove 62 in bottom, and mobile guide support 2b makes it be hooked on hook groove 63, is also provided with wedge shape part 31 between guiding trestle 2b and fixing shoulder block 30, utilize wedge shape part 31 to be pressed on base by guiding trestle 2b, director element 3 is pressed on the upper of the web of the rail simultaneously.In order to prevent wedge shape part slippage in use procedure, be provided with the concaveconvex structure of dentation respectively accordingly continuously at wedge shape part 31 and the matching surface of fixing shoulder block 30.In addition, the overlooking profile and also can be arranged to square of vertical supporting element, the appearance profile of corresponding base 1 further groove is also arranged to square.Vertical supporting element is elastane 26, and top and below are provided with upper bearing plate 27 and lower support plate 28 respectively, and upper and lower base plate is all made with steel plate.In addition, surperficial junction plate 11 is arranged to short U-shaped.Also arrange the mechanical brakeman 74 for preventing relative sliding between at the bottom of vertical supporting element and Rail, described mechanical brakeman 74 infiltrates pitch by sisal hemp fabric and process of resin forms.Pretension block 17 and director element 3 integrated setting, material is identical, and one piece of constraint stiffener 21 in director element 3 extends in pretension block 17, enhances the rigidity of pretension block 17.

During application, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is directly utilized to substitute conventional rails fastener, vertical supporting element puts into the groove of base 1, then base 1 and guiding trestle 2 are assembled together with rail 9, installing hole 10 again by base 1 is arranged is fixed on base 1 on sleeper (not shown), dismountable guiding trestle 2a is hooked on the hook groove of base 1, wedge shape part is inserted between guiding trestle 2a and fixing shoulder block 30, utilize the position of the insertion depth adjustment guiding trestle 2a of wedge shape part 31, adjust the pretightning force of director element 3 and pretension block 17 pairs of rail simultaneously, guide 3 to be pressed on the web of the rail and to lock the position of guiding trestle 2a, realize the cross spacing to rail 9 and vertical guiding.

Certainly, based on the know-why described in this example, also all can arrange in base both sides in track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention and hook groove structure, use two guiding trestle 2b to be mated simultaneously, be described at this no longer other accompanying drawing.In addition, the draining gap that the recess sidewall of base 1 is arranged does not illustrate in the drawings, hereby illustrates.

The vertical supporting element of the present embodiment fastening devices is similar to resilient sleeper-bearing under the rail of common fastener, but owing to being provided with director element 3, the lateral stiffness of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can significantly improve than common fastener, its principle is as follows: in common common rail fastener, fastener anyhow to ratio of rigidity, the i.e. ratio of fastener lateral stiffness and vertical rigidity, main by the vertical support component be arranged between base and sleeper---i.e. the controller perturbation of resilient sleeper-bearing, for simplicity, the resilient sleeper-bearing supposed is uniform elastomeric material, the contribution of resilient sleeper-bearing elasticity to the beat rigidity of rail head is considered in addition in deflection stiffness, according to theory of elastic mechanics, resilient sleeper-bearing cut pressure ratio of rigidity---i.e. the ratio of shearing rigidity and compression stiffness is the ratio of shear modulus G and elastic modulus E after deriving, within the scope of elasticity small deformation, be 1/ (2* (1+v)), wherein v is poisson's ratio, approximately 0.45 is about for rubber type of material poisson's ratio, therefore cutting pressure ratio of rigidity is 0.345.When rail is subject to lateral external forces, can there is transverse translation and longitudinally deflect around rail in rail.Transverse translation controls by the shearing rigidity of railway rail pad, and deflection is by the vertical stiffness of resilient sleeper-bearing and the width control system of resilient sleeper-bearing under rail.The mechanism of deflection is: when External Force Acting is when rail head of rail is horizontal, resilient sleeper-bearing is subject to the Moment around rail longitudinal direction, because resilient sleeper-bearing is subject to withholding of spring, in a backing plate laterally lateral stress increase, opposite side stress is unloaded, rail deflects, and causes the lateral displacement of rail head on the basis of translation, strengthens further.In general rail fastening, fastener must arrange the translation of the shoulder block restriction flange of rail, and take to add the deflection of the multinomial measure restriction rail such as the vertical stiffness of switch base plate and width, the horizontal total drift of rail head just can meet the demands simultaneously.After arranging director element 3, even if adopt uniform elastic polymer material, only because direction have rotated 90 °, director element anyhow just become 1/0.345 from 0.345 to ratio of rigidity, namely 2.9; Be provided with constraint stiffener in the present embodiment director element 3, it is anyhow higher to ratio of rigidity, can design arbitrarily between 4 ~ 80.

Be applied to subway for track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention described in the present embodiment below, its superiority is described.The vertical stiffness of director element 3 is 2kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 120kN/mm, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is 5kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 2kN/mm, at director element with under the acting in conjunction of vertical supporting element, the vertical stiffness of apparatus of the present invention is 7kN/mm, vertical elasticity and vibration isolating effect are very high, lateral stiffness is about 25kN/mm, under vertical load 40kN and transverse load 20kN effect, the lateral displacement of rail head is only about 0.8mm, under the prerequisite that vibration isolating effect is very high, lateral stiffness is still very high, improve lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving, and the wearing and tearing of wheel track can be reduced.By contrast, vertical stiffness is that the lateral stiffness of the common fastener of 7kN/mm is so low that cannot to use, and is difficult to improve on original structure basis.

Vertical stiffness to be 7kN/mm be lower in all fasteners in the market vertical stiffness, vertical vibration isolating effect is also one of best.But track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is applicable equally for the situation that vertical stiffness is high, suppose that the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is the high value 60kN/mm of vertical stiffness in all fasteners in the market, lateral stiffness is 21kN/mm, director element 3 is constant, vertical stiffness remains 2kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 120kN/mm, at director element with under the acting in conjunction of vertical supporting element, the vertical stiffness of apparatus of the present invention is 62kN/mm, lateral stiffness is about 30kN/mm, under vertical load 40kN and transverse load 20kN effect, the lateral displacement of rail head is only 0.67mm, also can ensure that when vertical stiffness is higher lateral stiffness is very high, lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving can be ensured, and the wearing and tearing of wheel track can be reduced.

Above-mentioned calculating shows, patent of the present invention due to lateral stiffness can independent design or relatively independent design, anyhow can in very large range change to ratio of rigidity, therefore the broad scope of application is left to vertical stiffness, can realize thus: to track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention and the same director element of same structure, as long as change the vertical supporting element of different-stiffness, just can realize any change of track elasticity fastening devices vertical stiffness, or change according to certain preferred sequence, as 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100kN/mm, and lateral stiffness can better must meet the demands.Contribute to designer according to different vibration isolation demand, optimize isolation scheme, decrease fastener kind simultaneously, decrease stock, erecting tools, maintenance instrument, simplify installation and maintenance method.

Embodiment seven

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, is with the difference of embodiment six as shown in figure 11, based on the know-why of embodiment six, can change the structure of base 1 upper rail 62, and it all arranges along the longitudinal two ends of rail and hooks groove 63.Arrange independently detachable shoulder block 51, detachable shoulder block 51 bottom is also hooked on the hook groove of base 1, and recycling wedge shape part 31 is by guiding trestle 2a and detachable shoulder block 51 locking positioning.In addition, for preventing wedge shape part 31 slippage in the course of work, can utilize securing member 32 that baffle plate 33 pairs of wedge shape parts 31 are set on detachable shoulder block 51 and implementing spacing.When the elastic polymer material stiffness forming director element 3 and pretension block 17 is enough, longitudinal midship section that constraint stiffener 21 is only parallel to rail 9 is arranged, and is conducive to simplifying manufacturing procedure.Vertical supporting element is made up of metal coil spring 7 compound together with elastane 26, for making metal coil spring 7 stressed more balanced, above metal coil spring 7 and the upper bearing plate 27 that arranges respectively of below and lower support plate 28, upper and lower base plate is all made with steel plate, and is combined by cast cured explosive technique with elastane 26.Upwards turn up at the bottom of the corresponding Rail in two sides of upper bearing plate 27, formed rail spacing in using, can prevent from, between rail and vertical supporting member, relative sliding occurs, the upper bearing plate 27 therefore in this example uses as spacing junction plate simultaneously.For improving the elasticity of vertical supporting element, through hole 29 is set at the middle part of vertical supporting element.

Owing to arranging helical spring in vertical supporting element, vertical supporting element linear better, supporting capacity is higher, and lateral stiffness also slightly improves, and more resistance to creep, the life-span is longer.In addition when transshipping or rubber lost efficacy, spring is pressed also has certain emergent supporting functions.

Adopt the track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention of this routine described technical scheme, its lateral stiffness can the same embodiment of principle of independent optimization, no longer repeats.

Because detachable shoulder block 51 also adopts split type setting, the manufacture craft of base can be simplified, be conducive to reducing cost of production.Certainly; based on this routine described method; as long as also arrange identical hook groove at the opposite side of base; also can adopt guiding trestle 2b and the detachable shoulder block 51 of hook-hang type in both sides simultaneously; the difficulty of processing of a step-down low base can be use up; also, among protection scope of the present invention, be described at this no longer other accompanying drawing.

Embodiment eight

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, be with the difference of embodiment seven, base 1 is also provided with fixing shoulder block 30 simultaneously, also locking member is provided with between wedge shape part 31 and detachable shoulder block 51, described locking member comprises guide groove and the interior locking washer 52 arranged of guide groove that detachable shoulder block 51 is arranged, and the thickness of locking washer 52 is greater than the thickness of the tooth that wedge shape part 31 is arranged with the matching surface of fixing shoulder block 30.

During application, utilize wedge shape part 31 by after guiding trestle 2a and detachable shoulder block 51 locking positioning, locking washer 52 is inserted in the guide groove that detachable shoulder block 51 is arranged, thickness due to locking washer 52 is greater than the thickness of tooth, can ensure that the dentation convex-concave structure between wedge shape part 31 and detachable shoulder block 51 remains engagement, cannot throw off, again due under Action of Gravity Field, locking washer 52 is not easily deviate from from guide groove, and therefore after locking, total is very stable, and reliability is strong.Convenient disassembly during in order to keep in repair, locking washer 52 exposes guide groove one section, can extract out at any time, and then pulls down wedge shape part 31.

Embodiment nine

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in figure 14, be with the difference of embodiment six, the both sides of base 1 all arrange guide groove 62 and hook groove 63, two guiding trestle 2b are hooked on respectively and hook on groove, base 1 is also provided with fixing shoulder block 30, fixing shoulder block 30 is provided with position adjustments stud 34, utilize position adjustments stud 34 can adjust the position of guiding trestle 2b, thus director element 3 to be pressed on the web of the rail and to lock the position of guiding trestle 2a, then filling pad 64 is put into, slightly loose bolt, after filling pad is compressed, by locking nut latched position adjusting bolt 34, complete the location to guiding trestle 2b, realize the cross spacing to rail 9 and vertical guiding simultaneously.In addition, on base, corresponding Rail bottom is also provided with flange of rail guidance set, flange of rail guidance set is between rail and base, being specially base 1 along what the recess sidewall of rail longitudinal direction was arranged increases boss 65, increase the slide-and-guide face S between boss 65 and rail wing plate outer, it is vertical that slide-and-guide face S is parallel to rail.In addition, vertical supporting element is only made up of elastane 26 and upper bearing plate 27 and lower support plate 28, and upper and lower base plate is all made with steel plate, and is combined by cast cured explosive technique with elastane 26.In order to increase elasticity, in the plate body that elastane 26 is formed, be also provided with cavity 56.For ease of draining, the groove bottom of base is provided with drain hole 55.Certainly, the position of drain hole also can be arranged on the lower sidewall of base groove, not another accompanying drawing explanation.

Be applied to high ferro for track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention described in the present embodiment below, its superiority is described.The vertical stiffness of director element 3 is 2kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 280kN/mm, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is 5kN/mm, lateral stiffness is 2kN/mm, owing to being provided with flange of rail guidance set, the lateral stiffness of vertical supporting element is minimum on the impact of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention comprehensive lateral stiffness, at director element with under the acting in conjunction of vertical supporting element, the vertical stiffness of apparatus of the present invention is 7kN/mm, vertical elasticity and vibration isolating effect are very high, lateral stiffness is about 70kN/mm, under vertical load 40kN and transverse load 20kN effect, the lateral displacement of rail head is only about 0.3mm, under the prerequisite that vibration isolating effect is very high, lateral stiffness is still very high, improve lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving, and the wearing and tearing of wheel track can be reduced.By contrast, vertical stiffness is that the lateral stiffness of the common fastener of 7kN/mm is so low that cannot to use, and cannot improve.In addition, another benefit applying track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention in high ferro is, because the comprehensive lateral stiffness of system is very large, therefore the sweep of track can be less.Certainly based on above-mentioned principle, if improve the lateral stiffness of director element further, such as, when making director element lateral stiffness reach 400kN/mm, the comprehensive lateral stiffness of corresponding track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is about 100kN/mm, so only need select different vertical supporting elements as requested, adjustment vertical stiffness, just can meet the instructions for use under the harsh application conditions such as heavy haul railway.

In this routine described technical scheme, owing to having set up flange of rail guidance set, increase between boss 65 and rail wing plate outer and closed by slide-and-guide face S-phase interworking, make rail only with by slide-and-guide face S along the slippage of rail vertical respect thereto 1, limit the translation of the flange of rail, so spacing junction plate or mechanical brakeman need not be arranged in addition again, again owing to being provided with vertical supporting element between base 1 and rail 9, therefore can ensure to adopt the present invention of this routine described technical scheme not only to have good vertical elasticity, and compared with embodiment 1-8, for the director element of same lateral stiffness, also there is higher comprehensive lateral stiffness.Its principle is, when rail head is subject to lateral force, because the flange of rail suffers restraints, laterally can not move, force rail around longitudinal deflection centered by the flange of rail, the arm of force of the horizontal counter-force of director element is relatively large, and therefore rail head lateral displacement is less.So when rail head of rail in the course of work bears wheel weight effect, the oscillation crosswise of rail is obtained for good suppression with deflection is shimmy.Above-mentioned advantage make track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can be implemented in maintenance higher vertical flexible while, the lateral displacement at effective reduction rail head of rail place and yaw displacement, thus horizontal sliding amplitude between reduction wheel track, also effectively inhibit the shimmy of rail simultaneously, when therefore effectively can solve vertical high resiliency, wheel track oscillation crosswise strengthens, the excessive or too fast wear problem of rail of train transverse shakiness.In addition, because base 1 (comprise and increase boss 65) is made up of cast steel material, there is good abrasion resistance, can ensure that slide-and-guide face S can not cross quick-wearing, therefore adopt the product of the present invention of this type of technical scheme to have longer application life.

With arrange compared with wedge shape part, the technical scheme that this routine described pad and bolt combination use is more simple and convenient, and easy accessibility is also very reliable.

It is to be noted, vertical supporting element can be the cushion of compression-type, shearing-type or the expansion type be made up of the elastic polymer such as elastane or rubber material, as long as enough vertical stiffnesses and elasticity can be provided, same effect can be played.

Embodiment ten

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, is with the difference of embodiment nine as shown in figure 15, integrated setting two guiding trestle 2a on base 1.Wedge shape part 31 is set between director element 3 and guiding trestle 2a, wedge shape is also arranged in corresponding guiding trestle 2a and wedge shape part 31 auxiliary section, for preventing wedge shape part 31 slippage in the course of work, utilizing securing member 38 on guiding trestle 2a, arrange baffle plate 37 pairs of wedge shape parts 31 implements spacing, for the ease of the position of adjustment wedge shape part, baffle plate 37 is also arranged and regulates stud 35, after utilizing the position regulating stud 35 accurate adjustment wedge shape part 31, utilize locking nut 36 to regulate the position of stud 35 locked.For optimizing director element in the rigidity along rail transverse direction, arrange three pieces of constraint stiffeners 21 for increasing director element lateral stiffness in director element 3, constraint stiffener 21 is steel plate.In addition, in order to improve anti-wear performance, in flange of rail guidance set, the boss 65 that increases of base 1 is also provided with wear-resistant material layer 57 on the surface, and wear-resistant material layer is made up of nylon material, and be firmly pasted onto increase boss 65 surface.The contact surface of wearing layer and Rail wing outer forms described slide-and-guide face, and during work, rail wing plate outer is at wearing layer surface sliding, forms vertical guiding to rail.

During application, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is directly utilized to substitute conventional rails fastener, vertical supporting element is put into the groove of base 1, rail 9 is located between guiding trestle 2, base 1 is made to be positioned at below rail 9, and make vertical supporting element be positioned at immediately below the flange of rail, installing hole 10 again by base 1 is arranged is fixed on base 1 on sleeper (not shown), wedge shape part 31 is inserted between guiding trestle 2 and director element 3, utilize the pretightning force of the insertion depth adjustment director element 3 of wedge shape part 31, guide 3 is pressed on the web of the rail, realize the cross spacing to rail 9 and vertical guiding.After the position of wedge shape part 31 is determined, utilize locking nut 36 and regulate stud 35 by locked for the position of wedge shape part 31.

Owing to being also provided with wear-resistant material layer 57 on the slide-and-guide face of base 1 in this example, wear-resistant material layer 57, except can providing better anti-wear performance, can also realize changing once there are wearing and tearing, be conducive to improving product application life, reduce maintenance cost.Based on the know-why described in this example, except the nylon mentioned, the materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), powder metallurgy material or copper material that in the present invention, wear-resistant material layer can also adopt are made.As a kind of special case, wear-resistant material layer can also be utilize the technological means such as spraying, laser sintered or plating to be arranged on slide-and-guide face, thinner wear-resistant material layer, and described slide-and-guide face comprises rail or/and the slide-and-guide face of base.

It is pointed out that except elastane, other elastic polymer materials such as rubber can also be utilized to make vertical supporting element in the present invention, if elasticity and intensity enough, good effect can be played.Certainly, the surface that can also contact with wedge shape part at director element 3 arranges surperficial junction plate.

Embodiment 11

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 16, Figure 17, be with the difference of embodiment two, the spring that director element 3 is manufactured by spring steel is formed, in addition, alignment pin 14 is fixed on guiding trestle 2 and 2a, corresponding director element 3 is arranged the locating hole coordinated with alignment pin 14, for the two being fixedly connected with.Utilize and the lateral deformation of guidance set to rail is set in web of the rail both sides to give constraint spacing, because director element 3 vertical stiffness is less, and laterally formed spacing at rail, can along the vertical relative movement of rail by the vertical elasticity of director element 3 between rail 9 and guiding trestle 2 and 2a, therefore good guiding can be given to the vertical distortion of rail, the director element 3 formed due to spring again has certain elasticity, and it laterally can realize again certain buffer shock-absorbing and power consumption effect at rail.In addition, in track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, on base, corresponding Rail bottom is also provided with flange of rail guidance set, and flange of rail guidance set is between rail 9 and base 1.Flange of rail guidance set is made up of flange of rail location-plate 54 and flange of rail elastic guide element 58, wherein, the I-shaped flange of rail location-plate 54 of Plate Welding is stuck in rail foot, directly to contact with flange of rail location-plate 54 for preventing rail and transmit dither to base, at the bottom of Rail and between flange of rail location-plate 54, be also provided with rubber mat plate 53; Flange of rail elastic guide element 58 and vertical supporting element 7 are set up in parallel, flange of rail elastic guide element 58 is made up of elastomeric material, and with base 1 and flange of rail location-plate 54 respectively sulfuration be fixed together, form elastic guide, avoid the wearing and tearing between flange of rail location-plate 54 and base 1.The vertical elasticity of rail provides primarily of vertical supporting element 7.Vertical supporting element 7 is made up of disc spring, the centering that face-hardened steel pipe ensures disc spring 7 is set in the middle part of flange of rail location-plate 54, use as emergent supporting member 8, the gap between the bottom surface of emergent supporting member 8 and base 1 bottom surface should be more than or equal to maximum distortion when rail 9 normally works simultaneously.Corresponding with the position of emergent supporting member 8, base 1 is also provided with through hole 16.

By arranging the flange of rail guidance set of flange of rail location-plate 54 and flange of rail elastic guide element 58 formation in this routine technical scheme, the technique effect similar to embodiment nine can be realized, can ensure that the present invention not only has good vertical elasticity, but also there is higher lateral stiffness.So when rail head of rail in the course of work bears wheel weight effect, the translation at the bottom of Rail and the deflection of rail head obtain good suppression.Make track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can be implemented in maintenance higher vertical flexible while, the lateral displacement of effective reduction rail head of rail, therefore the oscillation crosswise of wheel track can be reduced, thus horizontal sliding amplitude between reduction wheel track, improve lateral stability and the comfortableness of train driving, effectively solve the too fast wear problem of rail.

In addition, owing to being provided with flange of rail elastic guide element 58, water and other foreign matters cannot enter in the groove of base 1, without the need to considering draining again.

Due to together with flange of rail guidance set and vertical supporting element 7 be linked and packed with base in advance in this routine described technical scheme, therefore only need will be well placed base and it is fixedly connected with sleeper during application, and then adjust guiding trestle 2a and make director element 3 be pressed on steel rail web place.

When using this routine described technical scheme, the elasticity that reply forms the spring of director element 3 carries out designing and calculating, and must ensure laterally provides enough restraint forcess to rail, realizes the guiding to rail catenary motion simultaneously.In addition, except metal spring, other metal springs such as disc spring, leaf spring can also be utilized to make director element, as long as ensure laterally to provide suitable restraint forces to rail, and provide rational guiding to the catenary motion of rail, same suburb fruit can be realized.

Embodiment 12

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in figure 18, be with the difference of embodiment 11, director element 3 is composited by the metal spring 39 and elastic polymer material 40 being rolled into tubular, at this, elastic polymer material is rubber, at director element 3 and the contact surface of guiding trestle, surperficial junction plate 11 is set, surface junction plate 11 is sulfided into one with elastomeric material, alignment pin 14 and metal spring 39 are fixed together, and it is plugged in the locating hole of corresponding setting on guiding trestle through surperficial junction plate.In addition, and in director element 3, arrange that to retrain stiffener similar, for the ease of adjustment flange of rail elastic guide element 58 anyhow to ratio of rigidity, the constraint stiffener 59 that steel plate is made also is set in the elastomeric material forming flange of rail elastic guide element 58.Equally, as required, retraining stiffener 59 also can arrange multiple.

The application process of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is originally identical with embodiment hendecyl, in this no longer repeated description.

Director element utilizes metal spring and elastic polymer Material cladding to form, be conducive to the anticorrosion of metal spring, if adopt insulation materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastic etc. to make flange of rail location-plate 54, the director element that the elastic polymer material of coordinated insulation is made uses together, rail can be made to keep with outside the isolation that insulate, prevent the generation of accidental short circuit accident, the applicability of effective raising product, because director element have employed composite construction, lateral stiffness can be improved better to mate with vertical stiffness, be conducive to improving product combination property further.Equally, except metal spring, other metal springs such as disc spring, leaf spring can also be utilized to make director element, and the specific constructive form of metal spring is also not limited to shown in embodiment, as long as ensure laterally to provide suitable restraint forces to rail, and provide rational guiding to the catenary motion of rail, same suburb fruit can be realized

Embodiment 13

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, is with the difference of embodiment 12 as shown in figure 19, in order to the ratio of the vertical stiffness with lateral stiffness of optimizing director element 3, is also provided with cavity in the insulating rubber material of director element 3.In addition, as a kind of special case, when the vertical supporting capacity of flange of rail elastic guide element is enough, flange of rail elastic guide element can be used as vertical supporting element simultaneously, product structure can be simplified further like this.In addition, for improving damping efficiency, further comprises the labyrinth damping structure formed with the junction plate 45 of convex-concave structure, rubber damping material layer 46 and the junction plate 44 with convex-concave structure in flange of rail elastic guide element, labyrinth damping vibrational power flow is between flange of rail location-plate 54 and base 1.Wherein, junction plate 45 and junction plate 44 are made by glass-reinforced plastic material, can ensure insulation.

Owing to having set up labyrinth damping structure in flange of rail elastic guide element, damping element is added in system, and can the damping ratios of independent optimization system, in the process of rail generation vertical vibration, the junction plate in labyrinth damping structure is repeatedly driven to shear the Damping material layer arranged in gap therebetween, realize power consumption, therefore the effect of track elasticity fastening devices oscillation damping and energy dissipating of the present invention obtains further reinforcement, test shows, this damping structure has good inhibition for suppressing the low frequency vibration of below 800Hz.

Based on the know-why described in this example, junction plate 45 and flange of rail location-plate 54 can be become one, also can realize same effect.

Embodiment 14

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 20 and Figure 21, be with the difference of embodiment nine, vertical supporting element 7 is the cushions of the compression-type be made up of elastane, flange of rail guidance set also comprises the flange of rail location-plate 54 that glass-reinforced plastic material is made, flange of rail location-plate 54 is stuck in rail foot, matching surface between flange of rail location-plate 54 and base 1 forms slide-and-guide face S, and it is vertical that slide-and-guide face S is parallel to rail.In addition, also comprise profiling block in the guidance set of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, profiling block is by the labyrinth damping structure formed with the junction plate 43 of convex-concave structure, Damping material layer 41 and the junction plate 42 with convex-concave structure.Damping material is high-damping polyurethane, and under its normal temperature, material loss factor is at least greater than 0.4, more preferably greater than 0.7.Profiling block is arranged between director element 3 and rail 9, and director element 3 is made up of elastomeric material, director element is provided with groove and coordinates with guiding trestle, utilizes guiding trestle director element and profiling block to be pressed on steel rail web.Pretension block 17 integrated on director element 3 is pressed in rail wing plate surface, can limit rail on move, therefore rail can bear larger external force upwards, and its compliance is stronger, can tackle the special circumstances such as foundation settlement.Directly to contact with flange of rail location-plate 54 for preventing rail 9 and produce noise, at the bottom of Rail and between flange of rail location-plate 54, be also provided with rubber mat plate 53.In addition, in order to prevent, guiding trestle 2b is stressed to topple, and hook except groove 63 except being provided with near rail end in guide groove 62, its both sides at rail longitudinal direction are also provided with and hook groove 68, and guiding trestle 2b is hooked on groove 63 simultaneously and hooks on groove 68.

Be hooked on groove 63 due to guiding trestle 2b simultaneously and hook on groove 68, can fully ensure when external force is delivered to guiding trestle 2b by director element 3, guiding trestle 2b can not topple, therefore, compared with technical scheme shown in Figure 14, in this routine technical scheme, it is very high that the fixing shoulder block 30 that base 1 is arranged does not need to arrange again, the size of filling pad 64 also can reduce accordingly, be conducive to the difficulty of processing simplifying base like this, reduce the material usage of base, thus realize reducing costs.

Owing to having set up the imitation shape piece of labyrinth damping structure between director element 3 and rail 9, labyrinth damping structure has had very strong inhibitory action to higher than the medium-high frequency rail vibration of 500Hz and noise, has good noise reduction; If labyrinth damping structure is greater than a fastener spacing (550 ~ 650mm) at rail length direction, and the setting that connects continuously, then become labyrinth type constrained damping structure, high-frequency noise higher than 1000Hz is also had and has good inhibitory action, and the length of damping structure is longer, its effect lower frequency limit is lower, and effective band is wider.Based on the principle of labyrinth type damping-constraining, the bonded adhesives that junction plate 43 and the web of the rail of this damping structure are greater than 1000Mpa by modulus of elasticity bonds, better effects if.Therefore, compared with the technical scheme of embodiment nine, the existing good lateral stiffness of the present embodiment and effectiveness in vibration suppression, have again good noise reduction.

This enforcement solves a currently marketed technical barrier: pioneer's fastener due to orbit altitude the same with common fastener, but vibration isolating effect is the highest in fastener class, when overhead run location vibration & noise exceed standard time, the simplest way is exactly adopt pioneer's fastener and labyrinth type constrained damping structure simultaneously.But existing pioneer's fastener web of the rail place is occupied, and labyrinth type Constrained Plates must disconnect at length direction at web of the rail place, have lost part noise reduction.Even so, the noise reduction of 9dBA on steel bridge is still achieved.The present embodiment due to labyrinth type constrained damping structure can be continuous at rail length direction, better noise reduction can be obtained.And damping structure does not need spring clip can not come off yet, safety is higher.

Embodiment 15

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, is with the difference of embodiment 11 as shown in figure 22, also comprises profiling block in guidance set, and profiling block is the labyrinth damping structure be made up of junction plate 43, Damping material layer 41 and junction plate 42.Profiling block is arranged between director element 3 and rail 9, director element 3 is made up of elastane, its inside is also provided with the constraint stiffener 21 of one deck for increasing director element lateral stiffness, director element is provided with groove to coordinate with guiding trestle, utilizes guiding trestle director element and profiling block to be pressed on steel rail web.In addition, the rail wing of rail 9 arranges the labyrinth damping structure identical with profiling block simultaneously, the pretension block 17 be integrated on director element 3 is utilized to be pressed in labyrinth damping body structure surface, also can limit rail on move, therefore rail can bear larger external force upwards, its compliance is stronger, can tackle the special circumstances such as foundation settlement.

In this routine described technical scheme, web of the rail surface and rail wing plate are all provided with labyrinth damping structure, this damping element has good vibration and noise reducing performance, and therefore the anti-acoustic capability of this routine technical scheme is outstanding.

Embodiment 16

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in figure 23, be with the difference of embodiment 15, flange of rail guidance set is made up of flange of rail location-plate 54 and flange of rail elastic guide element 58, for the ease of the lateral stiffness of adjustment flange of rail elastic guide element 58, the constraint stiffener 59 that steel plate is made also is set in the elastomeric material forming flange of rail elastic guide element 58.As a kind of special case, when the vertical supporting capacity of flange of rail elastic guide element 58 is enough, flange of rail elastic guide element can be used as vertical supporting element simultaneously.In addition, further comprises the labyrinth damping structure formed with the junction plate 45 of convex-concave structure, rubber damping material layer 46 and the junction plate 44 with convex-concave structure in flange of rail elastic guide element, labyrinth damping vibrational power flow is between flange of rail location-plate 54 and base 1.This labyrinth damping structure has larger lateral stiffness and good vertical elasticity, therefore has good guide effect.

Owing to being provided with labyrinth damping structure in flange of rail elastic guide element, can absorb the medium and low frequency nuisance vibration energy of below the 800Hz of rail, the present embodiment has good energy dissipating absorbing effect, can improve safety and the comfortableness of train driving; Again owing to being provided with the profiling block of labyrinth damping structure, it has very strong inhibitory action to the medium-high frequency vibration & noise higher than 500Hz, has good noise reduction; If labyrinth damping structure is greater than a fastener spacing (550 ~ 650mm) at rail length direction, and the setting that connects continuously, then become labyrinth type constrained damping structure, high-frequency noise higher than 1000Hz is also had and has good inhibitory action, and the length of damping structure is longer, its effect lower frequency limit is lower, and effective band is wider.Based on the principle of labyrinth type damping-constraining, the bonded adhesives that junction plate 43 and the web of the rail of this damping structure are greater than 1000Mpa by modulus of elasticity bonds, better effects if.

Therefore the existing good lateral stiffness of the present embodiment product and effectiveness in vibration suppression, have again good noise reduction.

As can be seen from embodiment 14, embodiment 15 and embodiment 16, descend compartment of terrain to arrange in-orbit function that namely labyrinth damping structure can realize vibration damping preferably; The labyrinth damping structure that length is greater than a fastener spacing is set continuously on web of the rail surface, namely can realizes the function of noise reduction well.

Embodiment 17

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in figure 24, be with the difference of embodiment 16, further comprises the labyrinth damping structure formed with the junction plate 69 of convex-concave structure, elastomeric material 71 and the junction plate 70 with convex-concave structure in flange of rail elastic guide element, labyrinth damping vibrational power flow is between flange of rail location-plate 54 and base 1.It should be noted that, junction plate 69 and 70 is shaping by aluminium alloys, and elastomeric material 71 had both had elastomeric bearing ability, has again certain damping.Because this labyrinth damping structure has larger lateral stiffness and good vertical elasticity, therefore there is good guide effect and vertical supporting capacity, by selecting the performance parameter of the fissipation factor reasonably optimizing labyrinth damping structure of suitable elastomeric material, just can realize utilizing labyrinth damping structure to use as flange of rail elastic guide element and vertical supporting element simultaneously.In addition, in order to ensure the stability of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, junction plate 69 and 70 and elastomeric material 71 are sulfided into an entirety, and by junction plate 69 together with 70 are adhesively fixed with base 1 with flange of rail location-plate 54 respectively.This technical scheme, can simplify the structure of base greatly, is conducive to reducing cost of production of the present invention.

Similar to embodiment 16, owing to being provided with labyrinth damping structure in flange of rail elastic guide element, can absorb the nuisance vibration energy of rail, the present embodiment has good energy dissipating absorbing effect, can improve safety and the comfortableness of train driving.In actual applications, also rubber damping material layer 71 only can be connected with the sulfuration of one of junction plate 69 or junction plate 70 and arrange, embed each other due to junction plate 69 and junction plate 70 being respectively equipped with convex-concave structure, and fix with flange of rail location-plate 54 and base 1 sulfuration respectively, add that guiding trestle 2 and the auxiliary of 2a are fixed, the two can not depart from.

Embodiment 18

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention, is with the difference of embodiment four as shown in figure 25, and base 1 and sleeper 66 become one, and base 1 is the same with sleeper 66 to be made up of Reinforced Concrete Materials.Anchor bolt 67 is utilized to be fixed on base 1 and sleeper 66 by dismountable guiding trestle 2a.

In addition, on base, directly rail cant can also be set.Technical scheme described in this example, owing to being integrated in sleeper 66 by base 1, the base of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention does not need to be fixed with sleeper to be connected again, assembling process is simpler, the globality of system is better, and steel using amount is less, is conducive to reducing producing and application cost comprehensively.

Embodiment 19

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27, be with the difference of embodiment one, longitudinally play is there is relative to pressing plate 4 along rail in order to prevent director element 3 in use procedure, pressing plate 4 is provided with block 76, and director element 3 is embedded in pressing plate 4 surface and the groove that jointly surrounds of block 76 inner surface.

Owing to can be improved the longitudinal rigidity of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention by this measure, therefore the present embodiment is applicable to the embodiment of all longitudinal rigidity deficiencies, illustrates no longer one by one.

Embodiment 20

Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention as shown in figure 28, be with the difference of embodiment six, as a kind of special case, when namely the vertical supporting capacity being used alone director element 3 can meet rail instructions for use, also director element 3 can be used as vertical supporting element simultaneously, namely director element and vertical supporting element become one.Base 1 is arranged emergent supporting member 8.Owing to being provided with constraint stiffener in director element, director element 3 anyhow to ratio of rigidity be easy to optimize, the present embodiment is feasible.Just the present embodiment has not given play to the great advantage of patent of the present invention, at secure context lower than other embodiment, therefore arranges emergent supporting member 8 and is especially necessary.In addition, in order to step down to rail, the groove on base 1 is arranged along the longitudinal both ends open of rail.

During application as shown in figure 28, track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is directly utilized to substitute conventional rails fastener, base 1 and guiding trestle 2 are assembled together with rail 9, installing hole 10 again by base 1 is arranged is fixed on base 1 on sleeper (not shown), dismountable guiding trestle 2b is hooked on the hook groove 63 of base 1, wedge shape part 31 is inserted between guiding trestle 2a and fixing shoulder block 30, utilize the position of the insertion depth adjustment guiding trestle 2b of wedge shape part 31, adjust the pretightning force of director element 3 and pretension block 17 pairs of rail simultaneously, guide 3 to be pressed on the web of the rail and to lock the position of guiding trestle 2b, realize the cross spacing of rail 9 and vertical guiding and supporting, now rail 9 is in unsettled state.

This routine described technical scheme, structure is compacter, and because director element upper support is at rail head of rail place, the pretension block 17 that portion integralization is arranged, by being pressed in rail wing plate place, therefore both can having born the downward pressure of rail, and also can bear uplift force upwards.Again owing to base being provided with emergent supporting member 8, improve its safety.

Above-described embodiment gives part typical structure scheme of the present invention, and based on described know-why, technical characteristic wherein can also re-start combination and form new technical scheme, all in protection scope of the present invention.It is pointed out that the existence due to rail cant, herein the concept in the described direction such as horizontal, vertical, longitudinal, it is all benchmark with rail, corresponding with the horizontal, vertical of rail and longitudinal direction respectively, wherein said rail longitudinally, is the bearing of trend of rail; Rail is vertical, vertical namely at the bottom of Rail; Laterally, namely rail web midship section is vertical for rail.The present invention is when applying, and can set up resilient sleeper-bearing between base and railway roadbed, different from conventional fastener system, the object arranging resilient sleeper-bearing is not herein mainly for vibration isolation yet, but in order to heighten, or in order to protect sleeper, and prevent quadratic noise.

According to the know-why that above-described embodiment is set forth, the technical scheme of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention can much combine and develop, also all in protection scope of the present invention.Track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention is by arranging guidance set and vertical supporting element, realize the geometry location function of rail and the vertical stressed bearing function of rail respectively, the guidance set being located at steel rail web place is responsible for keeping the geometric position of rail, guiding when geometry state and steel rail dynamic deformation, the vertical supporting element be located between the flange of rail and base is responsible for bearing main vertical load, both material properties, mechanical property can separately optimizing, guidance set is insensitive to wearing and tearing, make the geometry state of rail vertical stressed time work steady in a long-term, lateral stiffness during rail work is larger, the lateral deformation of rail head of rail place is less, can to alleviate or overcome between rail lateral stiffness deficiency causes under External Force Acting wheel track horizontal sliding more greatly thus finally cause rail abrasion, even there is the defects such as ripple mill situation, be conducive to the application life of improving rail, improve safety and the comfortableness of driving simultaneously.For realizing this goal, in all technical schemes of the present invention, need to ensure that director element is it along at least 2.5 times of the vertical rigidity of rail along the rigidity of rail transverse direction, and even more than 100 times can be reached, the lateral stiffness of track elasticity fastening devices of the present invention at rail head of rail place should meet and be at least 15kN/mm, and the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is not less than director element vertical stiffness.

Claims (29)

1. a track elasticity fastening devices, comprise base, base is placed on sleeper, and utilize anchor bolt and sleeper to be fixed together, characterized by further comprising guidance set and vertical supporting element, guidance set comprises the director element and guiding trestle that are positioned at steel rail web both sides, director element is arranged on the both sides of steel rail web, director element is clamped by guiding trestle, director element at least partly by elastic polymer material or/and metal spring is formed, arrange in the elastic polymer material of director element at least one deck strengthen element or at least one deck increase the constraint stiffener of director element lateral stiffness, can relative movement by the elastic deformation of director element between rail and guiding trestle, director element is it along at least 2.5 times of rail vertical stiffness along rail lateral stiffness, the vertical stiffness of vertical supporting element is not less than director element vertical stiffness.

2. track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that vertical supporting element is metal spring or is made up of metal spring and elastic polymer Material cladding, vertical supporting element is positioned at below rail, and metal spring comprises helical spring, disc spring, leaf spring or metal spring.

3. track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that vertical supporting element is the cushion of compression-type, shearing-type or the expansion type be made up of elastic polymer material, vertical supporting element is positioned at below rail, and elastic polymer material comprises rubber or elastic polyurethane.

4. the track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that comprising damping element, and damping element is arranged on director element or/and among vertical supporting element.

5. the track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that comprising damping element, and damping element and vertical supporting element are arranged in parallel.

6. track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that track elasticity fastening devices is at least 15KN/mm at the lateral stiffness at rail head of rail place.

7. track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being provided with pretension block between guiding trestle and rail wing plate, pretension block is made up of metal spring or elastic polymer material or the two compound, and pretension block independently arranges or becomes one with director element.

8. track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising profiling block in guidance set, profiling block is between director element and steel rail web.

9. track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 8, is characterized in that comprising the labyrinth damping structure be jointly made up of sheet material and the damping layer with convex-concave structure in profiling block.

10. track elasticity fastening devices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the part that director element contacts with guiding trestle is provided with surperficial junction plate, surperficial junction plate is firmly connected with director element.

11. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 10, is characterized in that surperficial junction plate is U-shaped or L-type.

12. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 10, is characterized in that surperficial junction plate and are provided with dowel hole between guiding trestle or concaveconvex structure coordinates.

13. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, it is characterized in that guiding trestle has two, lay respectively at rail both sides, wherein at least one can be dismantled.

14. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 13, it is characterized in that the base at dismountable guiding trestle place is provided with the guide groove along rail transverse direction, guiding trestle part is placed in guide groove, and can be horizontal relative to base sliding along rail in guide groove.

15. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 13, it is characterized in that dismountable guiding trestle is fixed on base by securing member, or on base, shoulder block is set, shoulder block coordinates with wedge shape part or pad and position adjustments bolt and is fixed on base by guiding trestle, shoulder block for fixing shoulder block or/and detachable shoulder block.

16. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 15, is characterized in that base is provided with hook groove, and guiding trestle is or/and dismountable shoulder block is hooked on hook groove.

17. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 15, is characterized in that being provided with the dentation convex-concave structure cooperatively interacted between wedge shape part and shoulder block, are also provided with locking member between wedge shape part and shoulder block.

18. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 17, it is characterized in that locking member is guide groove and locking washer, the thickness of locking washer is greater than the thickness of tooth in dentation convex-concave structure.

19. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, on its feature base, corresponding Rail bottom is also provided with flange of rail guidance set, and flange of rail guidance set is between rail and base.

20. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 19, it is characterized in that flange of rail guidance set is increase boss along the vertical projection of rail on base, rail wing plate outer and the contact surface increased between boss sidewall form slide-and-guide face, it is vertical that slide-and-guide face is parallel to rail, and slide-and-guide face at least side is made up of high-abrasive material or surface arranges wear-resistant material layer.

21. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 19, it is characterized in that flange of rail guidance set also comprises flange of rail location-plate, flange of rail location-plate is stuck in rail foot, matching surface between flange of rail location-plate and base forms slide-and-guide face, it is vertical that slide-and-guide face is parallel to rail, and slide-and-guide face at least side is made up of high-abrasive material or surface arranges wear-resistant material layer.

22. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 19, it is characterized in that flange of rail guidance set is between the flange of rail and base, flange of rail guidance set is made up of flange of rail location-plate and flange of rail elastic guide element, flange of rail location-plate is stuck in rail foot, and flange of rail elastic guide element and vertical supporting element are set up in parallel or become one.

23. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 19, is characterized in that comprising the labyrinth damping structure be jointly made up of sheet material and the damping layer with convex-concave structure in flange of rail elastic guide element.

24. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, is characterized in that on base, corresponding Rail bottom is also provided with emergent supporting member, and the gap between meeting an urgent need at the bottom of supporting member end face and Rail is more than or equal to maximum distortion when rail normally works.

25. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, is characterized in that base is provided with rail cant.

26. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, is characterized in that base and sleeper integrated setting.

27. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, arrange the spacing junction plate for preventing relative sliding or mechanical brakeman between it is characterized in that at the bottom of vertical supporting element and Rail.

28. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, is characterized in that arranging friction pad between director element and rail.

29. track elasticity fastening devicess according to claim 1, is characterized in that vertical supporting element and director element become one.