WO2024017254A1 - 氨基脂质化合物、其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

氨基脂质化合物、其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2024017254A1
WO2024017254A1 PCT/CN2023/107940 CN2023107940W WO2024017254A1 WO 2024017254 A1 WO2024017254 A1 WO 2024017254A1 CN 2023107940 W CN2023107940 W CN 2023107940W WO 2024017254 A1 WO2024017254 A1 WO 2024017254A1
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compound
pharmaceutically acceptable
lipid
acceptable salt
stereoisomer
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French (fr)
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李林鲜
陈永好
黄兴
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深圳深信生物科技有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
    • A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/5123—Organic compounds, e.g. fats, sugars
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/08—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/04—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C219/06—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the hydroxy groups esterified by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/04—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C219/08—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the hydroxy groups esterified by a carboxylic acid having the esterifying carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of an acyclic unsaturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/24—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups or amino groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
    • C07C227/06—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid
    • C07C227/08—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid by reaction of ammonia or amines with acids containing functional groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
    • C07C227/18—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions involving amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. hydrolysis of esters or amides, by formation of halides, salts or esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C229/14—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of carbon skeletons containing rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/46—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino or carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/48—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino or carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups and carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/02—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C07C233/04—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C233/06—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/24—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C255/45—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C255/46—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of non-condensed rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/04—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a four-membered ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of pharmaceuticals, and specifically relates to an amino lipid compound, its preparation method and application.
  • Gene drugs use artificial means to deliver genes with specific genetic information to target cells.
  • the expressed target proteins have the effect of regulating, treating or even curing diseases caused by congenital or acquired gene defects, or the gene series can interfere with or regulate related genes. expression to achieve clinical therapeutic effects.
  • Nucleic acids and cell membranes are both negatively charged. Naked nucleic acids are difficult to introduce directly into cells and are easily degraded by nucleic acid degrading enzymes in the cytoplasm. They cannot achieve the effects of gene introduction and gene therapy. Therefore, external forces or carriers are needed to achieve this. Gene transmission.
  • Gene vectors are usually divided into viral vectors and non-viral vectors.
  • Viral vectors have high transfection efficiency in vivo and in vitro, but they also have many shortcomings, such as high toxicity, strong immune response, small gene capacity, poor targeting, and complex preparation processes.
  • Non-viral vectors have attracted more and more companies to invest in research and development because they are easy to prepare, transport, and store, and are safe, effective, and non-immunogenic.
  • Lipid Nanoparticles are currently the mainstream non-viral carrier. Because they are easily absorbed by antigen-presenting cells, they are often used in vaccines. In the prior art, a variety of compounds for use in lipid nanoparticles have been reported. However, during actual application, it was found that when these compounds are used for vaccine delivery, the delivery efficiency is low and the drug stability is poor; at the same time, there is also an elimination phase half-life. Problems such as excessive length, high toxicity, and low safety are not conducive to clinical application and cannot meet the needs of modern vaccine preparations.
  • an amino lipid compound having a cycloalkyl structural unit and an additional substituent at the meta position of the amine substituent of the cycloalkyl group achieves the following functions: having good It has good delivery ability, good stability and high safety, and can be used to deliver biologically active agents (such as nucleic acids) to cells to increase their protein expression levels.
  • the present disclosure thus provides an aminolipid compound having a cycloalkyl structural unit and an additional substituent meta to the amine substituent of the cycloalkyl group.
  • the aminolipid compounds described in the present disclosure remain stable during in vivo circulation, can be rapidly degraded in endosomes/lysosomes, and have significantly enhanced delivery efficiency.
  • the cycloalkyl structural unit in the aminolipid compound of the present disclosure and the additional substituent at the meta position of the amine substituent on the cycloalkyl group enable the compound or lipid nanoparticles containing the same to be used as a vaccine carrier. It has biological activity, high protein expression level, significant immune activity, and good stability. It can be stored, transported and used under normal temperature conditions, and has a low incidence of adverse reactions.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the amino lipid compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, which method has easy-to-obtain raw materials, mild reaction conditions, good reaction selectivity, high yield, and low requirements for equipment and equipment. and simple operation.
  • compositions such as lipid nanoparticles, comprising the aminolipid compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a compound represented by Structural Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof:
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from C 1 -C 12 alkylene, C 2 -C 12 alkenylene or C 2 - C 12 alkynylene; preferably, L 1 and L 2 are the same Or different, each independently selected from C 3 -C 10 alkylene, C 3 -C 10 alkenylene or C 3 - C 10 alkynylene; further preferably, L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, each independently is selected from C 3 -C 10 alkylene; most preferably, L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, each independently selected from C 5 -C 8 alkylene;
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from C 5 -C 27 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, C 5 -C 27 alkenyl containing one or more double bonds; preferably, R 1 Identical or different to R 2 , each is independently selected from C 8 -C 20 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, C 8 -C 20 alkenyl containing one or more double bonds; further preferably, R 1 and R 2 is the same or different, each independently selected from C 9 -C 17 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, C 9 -C 18 alkenyl containing one or two double bonds; most preferably, R 1 and R 2Same or different, each independently selected from
  • R 3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, nitro, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl , C 1 -C 6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonylamino; preferably, R 3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkyl Carbonyloxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonylamino; further preferably, R 3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from C 3 -C 10 alkylene, C 3 -C 10 alkenylene or C 3 - C 10 alkynylene;
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from C 8 -C 20 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, C 8 -C 20 alkenyl containing one or more double bonds;
  • R 3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonylamino;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from C 3 -C 10 alkylene;
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from C 9 -C 17 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, C 9 -C 18 alkenyl containing one or two double bonds;
  • R 3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonylamino;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from C 5 -C 8 alkylene;
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are each independently selected from
  • R 3 is selected from fluorine, hydroxyl, cyano, methoxy, acetoxy, methoxycarbonyl, butylaminocarbonyl and acetamido;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • the present disclosure provides a compound represented by the above structural formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is selected from:
  • the present disclosure provides compounds having the following structure, optical isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
  • the present disclosure provides compounds having the following structure, optical isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
  • the present disclosure provides compounds having the following structure, optical isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
  • the present disclosure provides compounds having the following structure, optical isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
  • the present disclosure provides compounds having the following structure, optical isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:
  • the present disclosure provides lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which contain a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure in any of the above embodiments, or a pharmaceutically acceptable compound thereof. salts or stereoisomers.
  • LNPs lipid nanoparticles
  • lipid nanoparticles are nanoparticles (e.g. 1nm ⁇ 1000nm) particles, which include one or more lipids.
  • the lipid nanoparticles have an average diameter of 20 nm to 800 nm, 20 nm to 500 nm, 20 nm to 400 nm, 20 nm to 300 nm, 20 nm to 200 nm, 20 nm to 100 nm, 30 nm to 700 nm, 30 nm to 500 nm, 30 nm to 300 nm, 30nm ⁇ 200nm, 30nm ⁇ 100nm, 40nm ⁇ 800nm, 40nm ⁇ 600nm, 40nm ⁇ 500nm, 40nm ⁇ 300nm, 40nm ⁇ 200nm, 40nm ⁇ 100nm, 50nm ⁇ 800nm, 50nm ⁇ 600nm, 50nm ⁇ 500nm, 50 nm ⁇ 500nm, 50nm ⁇ 400nm, 50nm ⁇ 300nm, 50nm ⁇ 200nm, 50nm ⁇ 100nm, 60nmm, 50nm ⁇ 500nm, 50nm ⁇ 400nm, 50n
  • the average diameter of the lipid nanoparticles is 26nm, 31nm, 36nm, 41nm, 46nm, 51nm, 56nm, 61nm, 66nm, 71nm, 76nm, 81nm, 86nm, 91nm, 96nm, 101nm, 106nm , 111nm, 116nm, 121nm, 126nm, 131nm, 136nm, 141nm, 146nm, 151nm, 156nm, 161nm, 166nm, 171nm, 176nm, 181nm, 186nm, 191nm, 196nm, 201nm, 206nm, 21 1nm, 216nm, 221nm, 226nm, 231nm , 236nm, 241nm, 246nm or 249nm.
  • the average diameter of lipid nanoparticle is 26nm, 31n
  • the lipid nanoparticles further contain one or more of the following: accessory lipids, structural lipids, and polymer-lipids (eg, polyethylene glycol-lipids).
  • the lipid nanoparticles contain (1) auxiliary lipids, (2) structural lipids, (3) polymer-lipids, and (4) compounds represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure , or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer.
  • the accessory lipids of the lipid nanoparticles include phospholipids.
  • Phospholipids are usually semi-synthetic, but may be of natural origin or chemically modified.
  • the auxiliary lipid of the lipid nanoparticle is a phospholipid substance.
  • the phospholipids of the lipid nanoparticles include one or more of the following: DSPC (distearoylphosphatidylcholine), DOPE (dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine), DOPC (dioleylphosphatidylcholine) Acyl lecithin), DOPS (dioleoylphosphatidylserine), DSPG (1,2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate-(1'-rac-glycerol)), DPPG (dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylglycerol), DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), DGTS (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-O-4'-(N,N,N-trimethyl)homoserine ) and lysophospholipids.
  • DSPC disearoylphosphatidylcholine
  • DOPE
  • the accessory lipid of the lipid nanoparticle is one or more selected from: DSPC, DOPE, DOPC, and DOPS. In some embodiments, the accessory lipid of the lipid nanoparticle is DSPC and/or Or DOPE.
  • the structural lipids of the lipid nanoparticles include sterols.
  • the structural lipid of the lipid nanoparticle is a sterol substance.
  • the sterols of the lipid nanoparticles include one or more of the following: 20 ⁇ -hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, sterol hormones, sterol vitamins, bile acids, cholesterol, Ergosterol, beta-sitosterol and oxidized cholesterol derivatives.
  • the structural lipid of the lipid nanoparticle includes at least one of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, sterol hormones, sterol vitamins, and bile acids.
  • the structural lipid of the lipid nanoparticle is cholesterol.
  • the structural lipid of the lipid nanoparticle is high purity cholesterol, in particular injection grade high purity cholesterol, such as CHO-HP (produced by AVT).
  • the structural lipid is 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol.
  • polymer-lipid of a lipid nanoparticle refers to a conjugate comprising a polymer and a lipid coupled to the polymer.
  • Polymer-lipids (such as polyethylene glycol-lipids) in lipid nanoparticles can improve the stability of lipid nanoparticles in vivo.
  • the lipids used to form the polymer-lipids of the lipid nanoparticles include one or more of the following: 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol, DMG), distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPE), diacylglycerol (DAG), dialkyloxypropyl (DAA), phospholipids, ceramide (Cer ), 1,2-distearoyl-rac-glycerol (DSG) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycerol (DPG).
  • DMG 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol
  • DSPE distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine
  • DAG diacylglycerol
  • DAA dialkyloxypropyl
  • phospholipids ceramide
  • Cer 1,2-distearoyl-rac-glycerol
  • DPG 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycerol
  • the polymer-lipid polymer used to form the lipid nanoparticles includes one or both of the following: hydrophilic polymers and amphoteric polymers.
  • the polymer-lipid polymer used to form the lipid nanoparticles is a hydrophilic polymer. In other embodiments, the polymer-lipid polymer used to form the lipid nanoparticles is an amphoteric polymer.
  • the hydrophilic polymer includes one or more of the following: polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(oxazolines), POX, polyglycerol (poly(glycerols) ), PGs), poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate), PHPMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) methacrylate), PHEMA), poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide), HPMA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (poly(vinylpyrrolidone), PVP), polyN , N-dimethylacrylamide (poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), PDMA), poly(N-acryloyl morpholine), PAcM), polyamino acids (polyaminoacids), glycosaminoglycans (glycosaminoglycans, GAGs), heparin (heparin), hyaluronic acid (HA), polysialic acid (PSA),
  • PEG
  • polymer-lipids include one or more of the following: polyethylene glycol-lipids (PEG-lipids), polyoxazoline-lipids, polyglycerol-lipids, polymethacrylic acid Hydroxypropyl ester-lipid, poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-lipid, poly-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-lipid, polyvinylpyrrolidone-lipid, polyN,N -Dimethylacrylamide-lipid, poly-N-acryloylmorpholine-lipid, glycosaminoglycan-lipid, heparin-lipid, hyaluronic acid-lipid, polysialic acid-lipid, elastin-like -lipid, serum albumin-lipid and CD47-lipid.
  • PEG-lipids polyethylene glycol-lipids
  • polyoxazoline-lipids polyglycerol-lipids
  • polymethacrylic acid Hydroxypropyl ester-lipid poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-
  • PEG-lipid is a conjugate of polyethylene glycol and lipid
  • polyoxazoline-lipid refers to a conjugate formed by coupling polyoxazoline and lipid
  • Polyglycerol-lipid refers to the conjugate formed by coupling polyglycerol and lipid, and the same applies to other polymer-lipids.
  • the polymer-lipid includes PEG-lipid.
  • the polymer-lipid is a PEG-lipid.
  • PEG-lipids include one or more of the following: PEG-myristoyl diglyceride (PEG-DMG), PEG-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE), PEG -Diacylglycerol (PEG-diacylglycerol, PEG-DAG), PEG-dialkyloxypropyl (PEG-DAA), PEG-phospholipid, PEG-ceramide (PEG-ceramide, PEG-Cer), PEG-1,2-distearoyl-rac-glycerol (PEG-DSG) and PEG-1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycerol (PEG-DPG).
  • PEG-DMG PEG-myristoyl diglyceride
  • PEG-DSPE PEG-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
  • PEG-DAG P
  • the PEG-lipid is preferably one or more of the following: PEG-DMG, PEG-DSG and PEG-DPG.
  • PEG-DMG is a polyethylene glycol derivative of 1,2-dimyristate glyceryl.
  • the PEG in the PEG-lipid has an average molecular weight of about 2000-5000. In an alternative specific example, the average molecular weight of the PEG in the PEG-lipid is about 2,000. In some embodiments, the PEG-lipid is PEG2000-DMG.
  • the amphoteric polymer includes one or more of the following: poly Carboxybetaine (poly(carboxybetaine), pCB), polysulfobetaine (poly(sulfobetaine), pSB), phosphobetaine-base polymers and phosphorylcholine polymers.
  • the amphoteric polymer includes one or more of the following: poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide, pCBAA), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) methacrylate), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate), poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), poly(vinylpyridine) poly(vinyl-pyridinio propanesulfonate), poly(carboxybetaine)based on vinylimidazole, poly(sulfobetaine)based on vinylimidazole ), poly(sulfobetaine)based on vinylpyridine.
  • poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide, pCBAA) poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) methacrylate), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate), poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), poly(
  • polymer-lipids include one or more of the following: polyhydroxybetaine-lipids, polysulfobetaine-lipids, phosphobetaine-based polymer-lipids, and phosphocholine polymers -Lipids.
  • the polymer-lipid includes one or more of the following: poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide)-lipid, poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)-lipid, poly(sulfonate)-lipid Betaine methacrylate)-lipid, poly(methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine)-lipid, poly(vinylpyridylpropanesulfonate)-lipid, polyvinylimidazolyl Betaine-lipid, Polyvinylimidazolylsulfobetaine-lipid, Polyvinylpyridylsulfobetaine-lipid.
  • the lipid nanoparticles comprise: (1) an accessory lipid, (2) a structural lipid, (3) a PEG-lipid, and (4) a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, an auxiliary lipid, a structural lipid and PEG- Based on the total amount of lipids, the lipid nanoparticles contain the following amount (molar percentage) of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof: about 25% to 75%, for example, about 25% ⁇ 28%, 28% ⁇ 32%, 32% ⁇ 35%, 35% ⁇ 40%, 40% ⁇ 42%, 42% ⁇ 45%, 45% ⁇ 48%, 48% ⁇ 55%, 55% ⁇ 65%, 65% ⁇ 75%, 45% ⁇ 46.3%, 46.3% ⁇ 48%, 48% ⁇ 49.5%
  • the lipid nanoparticles comprise: (1) an accessory lipid, (2) a structural lipid, (3) a PEG-lipid, and (4) a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, an auxiliary lipid, a structural lipid and PEG- Based on the total amount of lipids, the lipid nanoparticles include the following amounts (molar percentages) of the auxiliary lipid: about 5% to 45%, such as about 5% to 10%, 10% to 16%, 16% ⁇ 25%, 25% ⁇ 33.5%, 33.5% ⁇ 37%, 37% ⁇ 40%, 40% ⁇ 42%, 42% ⁇ 45%, 5% ⁇ 9%, 9% ⁇ 9.4%, 9.4% ⁇ 10 %, 10% to 10.5%, 10.5% to 11%, 11% to 15%, 15% to 16%, 16% to 18%, 18% to 20% or 20%
  • the lipid nanoparticles comprise: (1) an accessory lipid, (2) a structural lipid, (3) a PEG-lipid, and (4) a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, an auxiliary lipid, a structural lipid and PEG- Based on the total amount of lipids, the lipid nanoparticles include the following amounts (molar percentages) of structural lipids: about 0% to 55%, such as about 0% to 10%, 10% to 15.5%, 15.5% to 22.5% %, 22.5% to 35%, 35% to 36.5%, 36.5% to 39.5%, 39.5% to 40.5%, 40.5% to 41.5%, 41.5% to 45%, 45% to 46.5%, 46.5% to 50%, 15.5% ⁇ 18.5%, 18.5% ⁇ 22.5%, 22.5% ⁇ 23.5%
  • the lipid nanoparticles comprise: (1) an accessory lipid, (2) a structural lipid, (3) a PEG-lipid, and (4) a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, an auxiliary lipid, a structural lipid and PEG- Based on the total amount of lipids, the lipid nanoparticles comprise the following amounts (mol percent) of the PEG-lipid: about 0.5% to 5%, such as about 0.5% to 1%, 1% to 1.5%, 1.5 % ⁇ 2%, 2% ⁇ 2.5%, 2.5% ⁇ 3%, 3% ⁇ 3.5%, 3.5% ⁇ 4%, 4% ⁇ 4.5%, 4.5% ⁇ 5%, 1.5% ⁇ 1.6% or 1.6% ⁇ 2%.
  • the lipid nanoparticles comprise: (1) an accessory lipid, (2) a structural lipid, (3) a PEG-lipid, and (4) Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure
  • the molar ratio of PEG-lipid is about (25 ⁇ 75): (5 ⁇ 45): (0 ⁇ 55): (25 ⁇ 65): (5 ⁇ 42): (10 ⁇ 55): (0.5 ⁇ 4 ), (28 ⁇ 60): (5 ⁇ 42): (15.5 ⁇ 53.5): (0.5 ⁇ 3.5) or (35 ⁇ 60): (5 ⁇ 40): (18.5 ⁇ 53.5): (1.5 ⁇ 3).
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise DOPE, cholesterol (e.g., CHO-HP), PEG-lipid, and a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
  • DOPE cholesterol
  • PEG-lipid PEG-lipid is about (28 ⁇ 60): (5 ⁇ 42 ): (15.5 ⁇ 53.5): (0.5 ⁇ 3.5).
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise DOPE, cholesterol (eg, CHO-HP), PEG-lipid, and a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof , the molar ratio of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer: auxiliary lipid: structural lipid: PEG-lipid is approximately 45:11:41.5: 2.5, 42:10.5:45:2.5, 42:16:39.5:2.5, 40:16:41.5:2.5, 40:18:39.5:2.5, 35:16:46.5:2.5, 35:25:36.5:3.5, 28:33.5:35:3.5, 32:37:40.5:0.5, 35:40:22.5:2.5, 40:42:15.5:2.5, 45:10:42.5:2.5, 40:20:38.5:1.5, 45: 15:38.5:1.5, 55:5:38.5:1.5, 60:5:33.5:1.5,
  • DOPE
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise DSPC, cholesterol (eg, CHO-HP), PEG-lipid, and a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof , the molar ratio of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer: DSPC: cholesterol: PEG-lipid is about (35 ⁇ 60): (5 ⁇ 40) : (18.5 ⁇ 53.5): (1.5 ⁇ 3).
  • DSPC cholesterol: PEG-lipid is about (35 ⁇ 60): (5 ⁇ 40) : (18.5 ⁇ 53.5): (1.5 ⁇ 3).
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise DSPC, cholesterol (eg, CHO-HP), PEG-lipid, and a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof , the molar ratio of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer: auxiliary lipid: structural lipid: PEG-lipid is about 48:10:40.5:1.5 , 50:10:38.5:1.5, 50:9:38:3, 49.5:10:39:1.5, 46.3:9.4:42.7:1.6, 45:9:43:3, 45:11:41.5:2.5, 42 :10.5:45:2.5, 42:16:39.5:2.5, 40:16:41.5:2.5, 40:18:39.5:2.5, 35:40:22.5:2.5, 40:20:38.5:1.5, 45:15 :38.5:1.5, 55:5:38.5:1.5, 60:5:33.5:
  • the lipid nanoparticles comprise: (1) auxiliary lipids, (2) structural lipids, (3) PEG-lipids, (4) compounds represented by structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or their a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer, and (5) an active ingredient (such as RNA or DNA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient (such as a buffer).
  • the lipid nanoparticles comprise: (1) an auxiliary lipid, (2) a structural lipid, (3) a PEG-lipid, (4) a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) of the present disclosure, or Its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers, (5) active ingredients, and (6) pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
  • the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition containing the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure, or the compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
  • the compound represented by structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof contains long non-polar residues, the obtained The compounds all have hydrophobic characteristics and, due to the amino group, also have hydrophilic characteristics. This amphiphilic character can be used to form lipid nanoparticles such as lipid bilayers, micelles, liposomes, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition contains a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and one of the following: a compound represented by structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable compound thereof Salts or stereoisomers, and lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is a lipid nanoparticle.
  • the compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer can make the lipid nanoparticles containing it have excellent performance of encapsulating biologically active ingredients.
  • the disclosed lipid nanoparticles can be used to deliver any one or more of a variety of therapeutic agents into cells, tissues or organs.
  • the present disclosure provides an application of the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure in delivering biologically active components (such as DNA, RNA, etc.) to cells, tissues or organs, and further provides a method of delivering biologically active components (such as DNA, RNA, etc.) ) of lipid nanoparticles or pharmaceutical compositions in the production of polypeptides and/or proteins of interest, in the preparation of medicaments, in the preparation of medicaments for nucleic acid transfer, and in prevention and/or treatment Applications in diseases.
  • biologically active components such as DNA, RNA, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, or a lipid nanoparticle for delivering biologically active components (such as DNA, RNA, etc.) to cells. Applications in tissues or organs.
  • the use includes the step of contacting a cell, tissue or organ with a lipid nanoparticle comprising a biologically active component, such as a nucleic acid (eg, mRNA) encoding a polypeptide and/or protein of interest.
  • a biologically active component such as a nucleic acid (eg, mRNA) encoding a polypeptide and/or protein of interest.
  • the tissue or organ is selected from the group consisting of: spleen, liver, kidney, lung, femur, eye tissue, vascular endothelium in blood vessels, lymph, and tumor tissue.
  • the cells are mammalian cells.
  • a mammalian cell may be any mammalian cell.
  • mammals include one or more of the following: humans, mice, rats, pigs, cats, dogs, horses, goats, cows, and monkeys.
  • the mammal is a human.
  • the mammalian cells are in a mammalian body.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of producing a polypeptide and/or protein of interest, comprising contacting a cell, tissue, or organ with a biologically active component (e.g., encoding a polypeptide of interest and/or The step of contacting the lipid nanoparticles or pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure with nucleic acids (eg, mRNA) or proteins.
  • a biologically active component e.g., encoding a polypeptide of interest
  • nucleic acids eg, mRNA
  • the nucleic acid upon contact of the cell with the lipid nanoparticle or pharmaceutical composition, can be taken up into the cell, and the nucleic acid taken up into the cell is utilized by the cell to produce the polypeptide and/or protein of interest.
  • cells, tissues or organs such as a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) disclosed above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, or a lipid nanoparticle are combined with a biologically active component (e.g., DNA , RNA, etc.) are delivered to cells, tissues or organs, the description will not be repeated here.
  • a biologically active component e.g., DNA , RNA, etc.
  • the method of producing a polypeptide and/or protein of interest is performed in vivo or partially in vivo.
  • the present disclosure also provides the use of a compound represented by structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, lipid nanoparticles or a pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a medicine.
  • the medicaments are used in the treatment and/or prevention of disease.
  • the disease is selected from the group consisting of rare diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, genetic diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, renovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases disease.
  • the cancer is selected from one or more of lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma cancer, blood cancer, and prostate cancer.
  • the genetic disease is selected from one or more of hemophilia, thalassemia, Gaucher's disease.
  • rare diseases include one or more of the following: Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease), Wilson Disease (Wilson Disease), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Huntingdon's Disease, Rett Syndrome, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne Type Muscular dystrophy, Friedrich's Ataxia (Friedrichs Ataxia), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), cystic fibrosis (CF), glycogen storage disease 1a (GSD1a), glycogen storage disease III (glycogen storage disease III, GSD III), Crigler-Najjar syndrome (Crigler-Najjar syndrome), ornithine carbamyltransferase deficiency (ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), propionic acidemia (PA), phenylketonuria (PKU), hemophilia A (hemophilia A), hemophilia B (hemophilia B), beta-thalassemia ( ⁇ -tha
  • the medicament is used, for example, in gene therapy, protein replacement therapy, antisense therapy, or treatment by interfering RNA or genetic vaccination.
  • the drug is a nucleic acid drug.
  • the nucleic acid in the nucleic acid drug includes at least one of the following: RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), antisense oligonucleotide, DNA, plasmid, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA) , transfer RNA (tRNA), small inhibitory RNA (siRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small hairpin RNA (shRNA), single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA) and cas9mRNA.
  • the drug is a vaccine. In some embodiments, the medicament is used to produce an antigen of the pathogen or a portion thereof.
  • the drug is a genetic vaccine. In some embodiments, the drug is a nucleic acid vaccine. In some embodiments, the drug is an mRNA vaccine.
  • the genetic vaccination is used to treat and/or prevent one or more of cancer, allergies, toxicity, and pathogenic infections.
  • the pathogen is selected from one or more of viruses, bacteria, or fungi.
  • the drug is a gene therapy agent. In some embodiments, the drug is used to produce a protein associated with a genetic disease.
  • the drug is used to generate antibodies, such as scFVs or Nanobodies.
  • the present disclosure also provides a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, a lipid nanoparticle or a pharmaceutical composition for use in the preparation of nucleic acid transfer Uses in medicines.
  • the nucleic acid in the medicament for nucleic acid transfer is selected from RNA, reverse Sense oligonucleotide, DNA.
  • the RNA is selected from messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), small inhibitory RNA (siRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA) ), small hairpin RNA (shRNA), single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA), cas9mRNA or a mixture thereof.
  • mRNA messenger RNA
  • rRNA ribosomal RNA
  • miRNA microRNA
  • tRNA transfer RNA
  • siRNA small inhibitory RNA
  • shRNA small hairpin RNA
  • shRNA single-stranded guide RNA
  • cas9mRNA cas9mRNA or a mixture thereof.
  • the DNA is a plasmid.
  • the present disclosure also provides a medicament, which contains a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof or lipid nanoparticles.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preventing and/or treating diseases, comprising administering to a subject in need a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof and Lipid nanoparticles, pharmaceutical compositions or drugs of biologically active ingredients, such as nucleic acids (eg, mRNA) encoding polypeptides and/or proteins of interest.
  • a compound represented by the structural formula (I) of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof and Lipid nanoparticles pharmaceutical compositions or drugs of biologically active ingredients, such as nucleic acids (eg, mRNA) encoding polypeptides and/or proteins of interest.
  • the diseases and conditions described above include compounds represented by structural formula (I) disclosed above or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers thereof, lipid nanoparticles or pharmaceutical compositions in the preparation of medicaments. Description of purpose.
  • the present disclosure provides the use of the pharmaceutical composition, in particular lipid nanoparticles, in the preparation of a medicament for, for example, gene therapy, genetic vaccination, antisense therapy or treatment by interfering RNA.
  • the gene therapy can be used for the treatment of cancer and genetic diseases.
  • the cancer is preferably selected from one or more of lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma, blood cancer or prostate cancer;
  • the genetic disease is preferably selected from hemophilia, One or more of thalassemia and Gaucher's disease.
  • the genetic vaccines are preferably administered for the treatment of cancer, allergies, toxicity and pathogenic infections.
  • the pathogen is preferably selected from one or more viruses, bacteria or fungi.
  • the disclosure relates to the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers thereof, and lipid nanoparticles containing the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers thereof, in the preparation of Use in nucleic acid transfer drugs.
  • the nucleic acid is selected from RNA, DNA, and antisense oligonucleotides; preferably, the RNA is selected from messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA). ), small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA); preferably, the DNA is a plasmid.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the compound of formula (I) described above.
  • the general procedure of the method is as follows:
  • L1, L2, G1, G2, R1, R2, R3 have the same meanings as previously described for the compound of formula (I) of the present disclosure
  • X is selected from halogen; preferably, X is selected from bromine;
  • the compound of formula (I) of the present disclosure is prepared by substituting the intermediate compound (II) with the intermediate compound (III) in an organic solvent at room temperature in the presence or absence of an acid binding agent and an iodide. obtained by reaction.
  • the organic solvent is selected from nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane (DCE);
  • the acid binding agent is selected from From organic bases and inorganic bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, and DIPEA;
  • the iodide is, for example, potassium iodide.
  • L1, L2, G1, G2, R1, R2, R3 have the same meanings as previously described for the compound of formula (I) of the present disclosure
  • the compound of formula (I) of the present disclosure is obtained by reducing intermediate compound (II) and intermediate compound (V) in an organic solvent at room temperature in the presence of a reducing agent.
  • the organic solvent is selected from nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons
  • acetonitrile methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, dichloroethane (DCE)
  • the reducing agent is selected from, for example, sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
  • the compound of formula (I) of the present disclosure is obtained by reducing intermediate compound (IV) and intermediate compound (VI) in an organic solvent at room temperature in the presence of a reducing agent.
  • the organic solvent is selected from nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane (DCE);
  • the reducing agent is selected from For example, sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
  • the present disclosure also provides an intermediate compound (II) for preparing the compound of formula (I) of the present disclosure, the structural formula of which is as follows:
  • L1 is selected from C1-C12 alkylene, C2-C12 alkenylene or C2-C12 alkynylene; preferably, L1 is selected from C3-C10 alkylene, C3-C10 alkenylene or C3-C10 alkynylene. ; Further preferably, L1 is selected from C3-C10 alkylene; most preferably, L1 is selected from C5-C8 alkylene;
  • R1 is selected from C5-C27 alkyl groups connected through any one of the carbons, C5-C27 alkenyl groups containing one or more double bonds; preferably, R1 is selected from C8-C20 alkyl groups connected through any one of the carbons, containing C8-C20 alkenyl with one or more double bonds; further preferably, R1 is selected from C9-C17 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, C9-C18 alkenyl containing one or two double bonds; most preferably , R1 is selected from
  • R3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, nitro, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6 alkylcarbonylamino; preferably, R3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6 alkylamino Carbonyl, C1-C6 alkylcarbonylamino; further preferably, R3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 Alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonylamin
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • the present disclosure provides intermediate compound (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof as described above, wherein:
  • L1 is selected from C3-C10 alkylene, C3-C10 alkenylene or C3-C10 alkynylene;
  • R1 is selected from C8-C20 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, containing one or more Double bonded C8-C20 alkenyl;
  • R3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6 alkylcarbonylamino;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • intermediate compound (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof as described above, wherein:
  • L1 is selected from C3-C10 alkylene
  • R1 is selected from C9-C17 alkyl connected through any one of the carbons, C9-C18 alkenyl containing one or two double bonds;
  • R3 is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonylamino;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • intermediate compound (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof as described above, wherein:
  • L1 is selected from C5-C8 alkylene
  • R1 is selected from
  • R3 is selected from fluorine, hydroxyl, cyano, methoxy, acetoxy, methoxycarbonyl, butylaminocarbonyl and acetamido;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, and 3.
  • said intermediate compound (II) is selected from:
  • the present disclosure also provides a preparation method for preparing the intermediate compound (II).
  • the general reaction procedure of this method is as follows:
  • R1, R3, G1, L1 and n have the same meanings as defined above for the intermediate compound (II);
  • X is halogen, preferably bromine.
  • the intermediate compound (II) is obtained by substitution reaction between the intermediate compound (IV) and the intermediate compound (VII) in an organic solvent at room temperature in the presence of an acid binding agent.
  • the organic solvent is selected from nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, dichloroethane (DCE);
  • the acid binding agent Selected from organic bases and inorganic bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, and DIPEA.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the optical isomer (X) of the compound of formula (I) described in the present disclosure.
  • the general reaction procedure of the method is as follows:
  • n, L1, L2, G1, G2, R1, R2, and R3 have the same meanings as previously mentioned for the compound of formula (I);
  • X is halogen, preferably bromine.
  • intermediate compound (VIII) and intermediate compound (VII) are subjected to a substitution reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of an acid binding agent to obtain intermediate compound (VIII), wherein the organic solvent is selected from nitriles, Alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, methylene chloride, dichloroethane (DCE); the acid binding agent Selected from organic bases and inorganic bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, and DIPEA.
  • organic solvent is selected from nitriles, Alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, methylene chloride, dichloroethane (DCE)
  • the acid binding agent Selected from organic bases and inorganic bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium
  • the intermediate compound (VIIII) reacts with the intermediate compound (III) in the presence or absence of an acid binding agent and an iodide to obtain the optical isomer (X) of the compound (I), wherein the organic solvent is selected from From nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, methylene chloride, dichloroethane (DCE); the acid binding agent is selected from organic bases, inorganic bases , for example: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, DIPEA; the iodide is such as KI.
  • the organic solvent is selected from From nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, methylene chloride, dichloroethane (DCE)
  • the acid binding agent is selected from organic bases
  • the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the optical isomer (I-6) of compound 6 described in the present disclosure.
  • the general reaction procedure of the method is as follows:
  • X is halogen, preferably bromine.
  • optical isomer (I-6) of compound 6 described in the present disclosure is prepared by the following steps:
  • the compound (6- X) performs N-alkylation reaction with compound (6-VI) at 30-50°C to prepare compound (6-VII);
  • solvents such as nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons, and ether solvents, specifically acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, dichloroethane (DCE), cyclopentanemethane Ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, etc., in the presence or absence of acid binding agent and catalyst, make compound (6-VII) and nonyl 8-halogenated octanoate carry out N-alkane reaction at 60-110°C.
  • solvents such as nitriles, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, amides, aromatic hydrocarbons, and ether solvents, specifically acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, dichloroethane (DCE), cyclopentanemethane Ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, etc.
  • Compound (I-6) is prepared through tylation reaction, wherein the acid binding agent is selected from organic bases, Inorganic bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, DIPEA; the catalyst is iodide, preferably KI.
  • organic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, DIPEA
  • the catalyst is iodide, preferably KI.
  • the present disclosure provides an intermediate compound (6-VII) for preparing the optical isomer (I-6) of the above-mentioned compound 6, the structure of which is:
  • the intermediate compound (6-VII) is selected from:
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing humoral antibody titers generated by subcutaneous administration of a representative aminolipid compound delivering OVA mRNA in Experiment 2 of the bioassay of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing humoral antibody titers generated by intramuscular administration of a representative aminolipid compound to deliver an influenza mRNA vaccine in Experiment 3 of the Biological Assay of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is an HPLC pattern of a mixture of compounds (I-6-II), (I-6-III), (I-6-IV) and (I-6-V).
  • Figure 4 is an HPLC spectrum of compound (I-6-II).
  • Figure 5 is an HPLC spectrum of compound (I-6-III).
  • Figure 6 is the HPLC spectrum of compound (I-6-IV).
  • Figure 7 is the HPLC spectrum of compound (I-6-V).
  • Figure 8 is the targeting test, the fluorescence intensity of the liver after intramuscular injection.
  • Figure 9 shows the adverse reaction test of intramuscular injection, statistics of severe swelling and moderate claudication at the injection site.
  • compositions containing the same, lipid nanoparticles, and their use for delivering bioactive agents, such as nucleic acids, into cells are described in further detail below.
  • Cx-Cy used in this disclosure represents a range of carbon atoms, where x and y are both integers, for example, C3-C8 cycloalkyl represents a cycloalkyl group with 3-8 carbon atoms, C0- C2 alkyl represents an alkyl group having 0-2 carbon atoms, where C0 alkyl refers to a chemical single bond.
  • alkyl refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, including straight and branched chain groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, for example, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 5 to 27 carbon atoms , 8 to 20 carbon atoms, straight and branched chain groups of 9 to 17 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples include n-nonyl, undecyl, 7-pentadecyl, 9-heptadecyl, various isomers thereof, and the like.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a saturated monocyclic or polycyclic cyclic hydrocarbon group, which includes 3 to 12 ring atoms, such as 3 to 12, 3 to 10, 3 to 8, or 3 to 6 ring atoms, or can be 3, 4, 5, or 6 membered rings.
  • monocyclic cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and the like.
  • alkenyl refers to an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having at least one double bond, including straight and branched chain alkene groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may, for example, have Straight-chain and branched olefin groups of 5 to 27 carbon atoms, 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and 9 to 18 carbon atoms with one or two double bonds.
  • Non-limiting examples include 8-heptadecenyl, 12-octadecadienyl, various isomers thereof, and the like.
  • alkynyl refers to an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having at least one triple bond, including straight and branched chain alkyne groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may, for example, have one or two Straight-chain and branched alkyne groups with a triple bond of 5 to 27 carbon atoms, 5 to 15 carbon atoms, and 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples include 2-nonynyl, 3-decynyl, various isomers thereof, and the like.
  • alkylene refers to a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having a core of two terminal monovalent groups resulting from the removal of one hydrogen atom from each of the two terminal atoms. ;
  • the alkyl group has the meaning described above.
  • Non-limiting examples of “alkylene” include C3-C10 alkylene, C5-C8 alkylene, and the like.
  • alkenylene refers to a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having a core of two terminal monovalent groups resulting from the removal of one hydrogen atom from each of the two terminal atoms. ;
  • the alkenyl group has the meaning described above.
  • Non-limiting examples of “alkenylene” include C3-C10 alkenylene and the like.
  • alkynylene refers to a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having a core of two terminal monovalent groups resulting from the removal of one hydrogen atom from each of the two terminal atoms. ;
  • the alkynyl group has the meaning described above.
  • Non-limiting examples of “alkynylene” include C3-C10 alkynylene and the like.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • alkoxy means an alkyl-oxy group, said alkyl having the meaning previously described.
  • the alkoxy group is a C1-C10 alkoxy group; more preferably, the alkoxy group is a C1-C6 alkoxy group; further preferably, the alkoxy group is a C1-C4 alkoxy group; most preferably Land, the alkoxy group is methoxy group.
  • alkylcarbonyloxy means an alkyl-C(O)O group, said alkyl having the meaning previously described.
  • the alkylcarbonyloxy group is a C1-C10 alkylcarbonyloxy group; more preferably, the alkylcarbonyloxy group is a C1-C6 alkylcarbonyloxy group; further preferably, the alkylcarbonyloxy group is a C1-C4 alkylcarbonyloxy group; most preferably, the alkylcarbonyloxy group is an acetoxy group.
  • alkoxycarbonyl means an alkyl-OC(O)-yl group, said alkyl group having the meaning previously described.
  • the alkoxycarbonyl group is a C1-C10 alkoxycarbonyl group; more preferably, The alkoxycarbonyl group is a C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl group; further preferably, the alkoxycarbonyl group is a C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl group; most preferably, the alkoxycarbonyl group is a methoxycarbonyl group.
  • alkylcarbonylamino means an alkyl-C(O)NH- group, said alkyl group having the meaning previously described.
  • the alkylcarbonylamino group is a C1-C10 alkylcarbonylamino group; more preferably, the alkylcarbonylamino group is a C1-C6 alkylcarbonylamino group; further preferably, the alkylcarbonylamino group is a C1-C4 alkyl group Alkylcarbonylamino; most preferably, the alkylcarbonylamino is acetylamino.
  • alkylaminocarbonyl means an alkyl-NHC(O)-yl group, said alkyl group having the meaning previously described.
  • the alkylaminocarbonyl group is a C1-C10 alkylaminocarbonyl group; more preferably, the alkylaminocarbonyl group is a C1-C6 alkylaminocarbonyl group; further preferably, the alkylaminocarbonyl group is a C1-C4 alkyl group Alkylaminocarbonyl; most preferably, the alkylaminocarbonyl is butylaminocarbonyl.
  • the term "optionally substituted” means that 1 or more hydrogen atoms attached to an atom or group are independently unsubstituted, or are replaced by 1 or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) substituent substitution.
  • Ri is hydrogen as defined herein, or alkyl, or alkenyl, or alkynyl, or heteroalkyl, or heteroalkenyl, or heteroalkynyl. In some embodiments, Ri is hydrogen as defined herein, or C1-C12 alkyl, or C1-C12 alkenyl, or C1-C12 alkynyl, or C1-C12 heteroalkyl, or C1-C12 heteroene base, or C1-C12 heteroalkynyl. When an atom or group is substituted by multiple substituents, the multiple substituents may be the same or different.
  • a substituent may itself be further substituted, for example, by one or more substituents as defined herein.
  • a C1-C6 alkyl group as a substituent may be further substituted by one or more substituents as described herein.
  • alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl Amino, alkylaminocarbonyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” as described in this disclosure are discussed in Berge, et al., “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts", J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 1-19 (1977), and are useful to medicinal chemists. It will be apparent that the salts are substantially non-toxic and provide the desired pharmacokinetic properties, palatability, absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion, etc.
  • Examples of “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” of the disclosure include acid addition salts or base addition salts of the compounds of the disclosure that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of the disclosure and are generally not biologically or Otherwise undesirable salt.
  • the compounds of the invention are capable of forming acid and/or base salts due to the presence of amino and/or carboxyl groups or groups analogous thereto.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with the compounds of the present disclosure using inorganic acids and/or organic acids, such as, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.; the organic acids Acids such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid, camphor-10 -Sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclic acid, dodecyl sulfate, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid acid, acetic acid Acid, fumaric acid, galactic acid,
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with the compounds of the present disclosure using inorganic bases and/or organic bases.
  • Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, sodium salts, potassium salts, lithium salts, ammonium salts, calcium salts Salt, magnesium salt, iron salt, zinc salt, copper salt, manganese salt and aluminum salt, etc.
  • Preferred inorganic salts are ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts.
  • Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of the following primary, secondary, tertiary amines, substituted amines (including naturally occurring substituted amines), cyclic amines, and basic ion exchange resins: for example, ammonia, Isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, tanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, Arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benzathine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucose Amine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purine, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine and polyamine resin, etc.
  • Particularly preferred organic bases are
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure can be synthesized by general chemical methods.
  • salts can be prepared by reacting the free base or acid with an equal or excess stoichiometric amount of acid (inorganic or organic) or base in a suitable solvent or solvent combination.
  • metal refers to a position on a cycloalkyl structural unit that is one carbon atom away from its amine substituent.
  • the term “compound” encompasses all compounds that are isotopically labeled by substituting one or more atoms with atoms of a different atomic weight or mass number.
  • “Isotopes” are atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to the different number of neutrons in their nuclei.
  • isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
  • the compounds of the present disclosure may contain one or more asymmetric centers, and thus may produce enantiomers, diastereoisomers, and other stereoisomeric forms, such as amino acids, which may Defined as (R)- or (S)- based on absolute stereochemistry, Or defined as (D)- or (L)-.
  • This disclosure is intended to include all such possible isomers, as well as racemic and optically pure forms thereof.
  • Optically active (+) and (-), (R)- and (S)-, or (D)- and (L)-isomers can be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or using conventional techniques such as chromatography and fractional crystallization for resolution.
  • stereoisomers refers to compounds that are composed of the same atoms bound by the same bonds, but have different three-dimensional structures that are not interconvertible.
  • Optical isomers refers to two or more stereoisomers that exhibit different optical properties due to differences in configuration.
  • Enantiomers are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers in any ratio may be called a “racemic” mixture.
  • Diastereomers are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms but are not mirror images of each other.
  • Stepoisomers may also include E and Z isomers or mixtures thereof, as well as cis and trans isomers or mixtures thereof.
  • compounds described herein are isolated as the E or Z isomer. In other embodiments, the compounds described herein are mixtures of E and Z isomers.
  • Tautomers refer to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other.
  • concentration of isomeric forms will depend on the environment in which the compound is found, and can vary depending, for example, on whether the compound is a solid or in an organic or aqueous solution.
  • lipid nanoparticles means nanometer-sized substances (lipid nanoparticles) prepared by adding aminolipid compounds to aqueous solutions. These particles are particularly lipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes). ), multilamellar vesicles or micelles. In preferred embodiments, the lipid nanoparticles are liposomes containing aminolipid compounds of the present disclosure.
  • liposome means a microvesicle composed of a bilayer of lipid amphiphilic (amphiphilic) molecules enclosing an aqueous compartment. The formation of liposomes is not a spontaneous process. When Lipids first form lipid vesicles when placed in water, thus forming a bilayer or a series of bilayers, each separated by water molecules. Liposomes can be formed by sonication of lipid vesicles in water.
  • lipid bilayer means a thin film formed from two layers of lipid molecules.
  • micelle means an aggregate of surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid colloid. Typical micelles in aqueous solutions form aggregates with the hydrophilic head region when in contact with water, chelating the hydrophobic single tail region in the center of the micelle.
  • cell has the meaning known in the art and includes cultured individual cells, tissues, organs, insect cells, avian cells, fish cells, amphibian cells, mammalian cells, primary cells, continuous cell lines , stem cells and/or genetically engineered cells (such as recombinant cells expressing heterologous polypeptides or proteins).
  • Recombinant cells include, for example, cells expressing heterologous polypeptides or proteins such as growth factors or blood factors.
  • the lipid nanoparticles or liposomes of the present disclosure further contain accessory lipids.
  • the auxiliary lipid is a non-cationic lipid.
  • the accessory lipid is a non-cationic phospholipid.
  • non-cationic lipids may contain cationic functional groups (eg, ammonium groups) but should contain anionic functional groups to at least neutralize the molecule. The population of all functional groups in the lipid molecule should be non-cationic. Liposomes composed of a mixture of cationic aminolipids and noncationic (neutral) phospholipids are most effective for delivering nucleic acids into cells.
  • the non-cationic lipid is DOPE or DSPC.
  • the lipid nanoparticles or liposomes of the present disclosure further comprise a sterol.
  • Sterols such as cholesterol, are natural components of cell membranes that serve to stabilize particles and aid integration with cell membranes.
  • the lipid nanoparticles or liposomes of the present disclosure further contain a bioactive agent.
  • a bioactive agent is a substance that has a biological effect when introduced into a cell or host, for example, by stimulating an immune response or an inflammatory response, by exerting enzymatic activity, or by complementing mutations, etc., a bioactive agent Especially nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, antibodies and small molecules.
  • lipid nanoparticle drug is used whenever liposomes are used to encapsulate a drug within a lipid bilayer or in the internal aqueous space of the liposome.
  • the biologically active agent is a nucleic acid.
  • the bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-tumor agents, antibiotics, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory agents, agents acting on the central nervous system, polypeptides or members of the polypeptoid class.
  • the lipid nanoparticles or liposomes further contain at least one polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid.
  • PEG lipids help protect particles and their contents from degradation in vitro or in vivo.
  • PEG forms a protective layer on the surface of liposomes and improves circulation time in the body. It can be used in liposome drug delivery (PEG-liposomes).
  • the polyethylene glycol lipid is PEG2000-DMG.
  • Lipid nanoparticles or liposomes containing bioactive agents can be used to deliver any of a variety of therapeutic agents into cells.
  • the present disclosure includes the use of lipid nanoparticles, especially liposomes, as described above, for delivering bioactive agents into cells.
  • the biologically active agent is a nucleic acid, including but not limited to RNA, DNA, and antisense oligonucleotides; wherein RNA includes, but is not limited to, messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA ( miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA); DNA includes but is not limited to plasmids.
  • Bioactive agents may also be anti-tumor agents, antibiotics, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory agents, agents acting on the central nervous system, antigens or fragments thereof, proteins, peptides, polypeptides, vaccines and small molecules, or mixtures thereof.
  • lipid nanoparticles or liposomes containing an aminolipid compound as defined in this disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof are suitable for delivering bioactive agents into cells.
  • a variety of different aminolipid compounds synthesized by general synthetic methods can be screened for specific characteristics conferred on liposomes for specific applications. Such characteristics are, for example, transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, adhesion of the agent to be delivered into the cells, stability of the liposomes, size of the liposomes, etc.
  • Lipid nanoparticles or liposomes of the present disclosure can be used to transfect multicellular tissues or organs. This opens up new therapeutic possibilities for patients.
  • the patient may be any mammal, preferably selected from human, mouse, rat, pig, cat, dog, horse, goat, cow and monkey and/or other. Most preferably, the patient is a human.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the use of lipid nanoparticles or liposomes containing an aminolipid compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof as a medicament.
  • lipid nanoparticles or liposomes can be administered to patients for use in gene therapy, genetic vaccination, antisense therapy or treatment by interfering RNA.
  • Specific application scope includes but is not limited to:
  • the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure can deliver nucleic acids for gene therapy.
  • Exogenous genes are introduced into target cells through the amino lipids of the present disclosure to correct or compensate for diseases caused by defective and abnormal genes to achieve therapeutic purposes.
  • This also includes the application of technologies such as transgenics, that is, inserting foreign genes into appropriate recipients of patients through gene transfer technology.
  • the products produced by exogenous genes can treat certain diseases, such as common lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma, blood cancer, prostate cancer, etc.
  • Gene-edited nucleic acid substances can also be introduced for the treatment of various genetic diseases, such as hemophilia, thalassemia, Gaucher's disease, etc.
  • the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure can be used in vaccination.
  • Lipid nanoparticles or liposomes of the present disclosure may be used to deliver antigens or nucleic acids encoding antigens.
  • the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure can also be used to elicit immune responses against various antigens used to treat and/or prevent a variety of conditions, such as cancer, allergies, toxicity, and pathogens (e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi) and other pathogenic organisms) infections.
  • pathogens e.g., viruses, bacteria, fungi
  • the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure can be used to prepare drugs for nucleic acid transfer.
  • the nucleic acid is RNA, DNA, or antisense oligonucleotide; preferably, the RNA Selected from messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA); preferably, the DNA is plasmid.
  • the structures of all compounds of the present disclosure can be identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and/or mass spectrometry (MS).
  • MS Low-resolution mass spectrometry
  • the specific rotation measurement method of the present disclosure take a sample, weigh it accurately, add absolute ethanol to dissolve it and quantitatively dilute it to make a solution containing about 10 mg per 1 ml, and measure the optical rotation according to the General Chapter 0621 of the Four Parts of the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" 2020 Edition method determination.
  • the known starting materials of the present disclosure can be synthesized using or according to methods known in the art. , or may be commercially available.
  • the column chromatography eluent system used to purify the compound includes A: methylene chloride and methanol system (20:1 to 5:1); B: n-hexane and ethyl acetate system (10:1 to 2:1) .
  • the volume ratio of solvents is adjusted according to the polarity of the compounds.
  • reaction temperature is room temperature, and the temperature range is 15°C-30°C.
  • HPLC analysis method of the present disclosure HPLC-CAD method.
  • Table 1 HPLC analysis method conditions of the present disclosure.
  • Step 1) Synthesis of 8-bromooctanoic acid-1-octylnonyl ester
  • Step 2) Synthesis of nonyl 8-((3-hydroxycyclobutyl)amino)octanoate (intermediate compound II-1)
  • N,N-diisopropyl Ethylamine (2.58g, 20mmol)
  • Step 1) Synthesis of 6-((3-hydroxycyclobutyl)amino)hexanoic acid undecyl ester (intermediate compound II-2)
  • N, N -Diisopropylethylamine (2.58g, 20mmol)
  • Compound 2 was synthesized in a similar manner to step 3) of Example 1, except that 6-((3-hydroxycyclobutyl)amino)hexanoic acid undecyl ester (intermediate compound II-2) was used to replace the original intermediate compound.
  • Intermediate compound II-2 6-((3-hydroxycyclobutyl)amino)hexanoic acid undecyl ester
  • Nonyl 8-((3-hydroxycyclobutyl)amino)octanoate was used to replace the original intermediate compound.
  • Step 1) Synthesis of nonyl 8-((3-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)octanoate (intermediate compound II-6)
  • N,N-diisopropyl Ethylamine (2.58g, 20mmol)
  • Step 1) Synthesis of 6-((3-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)hexanoic acid undecyl ester (intermediate compound II-7)
  • Step 1) Synthesis of 2-hexyldecanoic acid-(6-oxohexyl) ester
  • Step 2) Synthesis of oleic acid-8-((3-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)octyl ester (intermediate compound II-10)
  • N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.58g, 20mmol)
  • Compound 12 was synthesized in a similar manner to step 3) of Example 7, except that (6Z,9Z)-diene-octadecane-8-((3-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)octyl ester was used to replace the original intermediate compound oil. Acid-8-((3-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)octyl ester.
  • Compound 15 was synthesized in a similar manner to step 3) of Example 7, except that 7-15 Alkyl 6-((3-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)hexanoate replaces the original intermediate compound 8-((3-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)octyl oleate.
  • Step 1) Synthesis of nonyl 8-((3-methoxycyclohexyl)amino)octanoate (intermediate compound II-16)
  • Step 1) Synthesis of nonyl 8-((3-acetoxycyclohexyl)amino)octanoate (intermediate compound II-19)
  • Compound 19 was synthesized in a similar manner to step 2) of Example 11, except that nonyl 8-((3-acetoxycyclohexyl)amino)octanoate was used to replace the original intermediate compound 8-((3-methoxycyclohexyl) )Amino)nonyl octanoate.
  • Step 1) Synthesis of 3-((8-(nonyloxy)-8-oxooctyl)amino)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (intermediate compound II-20)
  • Compound 20 was synthesized in a similar manner to step 2) of Example 11, except that 3-((8-(nonyloxy)-8-oxoctyl)amino)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester was used to replace the original compound 20.
  • Compound 5 was synthesized in a similar manner to step 3) of Example 7. 250 mg of compound 5 was synthesized from compound intermediate II-5 (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) and 9-heptadecyl-8-oxoctanoate (225 mg), with a yield of 81.9%.
  • Step 1) Synthesis of nonyl 8-((2-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino)octanoate
  • Comparative compound 1 was synthesized in a manner similar to step 3) of Example 1, except that the original intermediate compound 8-((3-hydroxycyclopentyl)octanoate nonyl ester was replaced by the intermediate compound 8-((2-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino)octanoate. Butyl)amino)octanoic acid nonyl ester.
  • Comparative compound 2 was prepared according to the synthesis method of compound 22 described in Chinese patent CN110520409A.
  • Comparative compound 5 was prepared according to the synthesis method of compound 25 described in Chinese patent CN110520409A.
  • N, N-diiso Propylethylamine (2.58g, 20mmol)
  • Step 1) Synthesis of 6-((4-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)hexanoic acid undecyl ester
  • N, N- Diisopropylethylamine (2.58g, 20mmol)
  • MC3 and ALC-0315 are commercially available or can be prepared according to known techniques in the art.
  • a dialysis box Fisher, MWCO 20,000
  • Preparation method two The molar ratio of the amino lipid compound to DSPC, cholesterol, and PEG2000-DMG is 50:10:38.5:1.5.
  • the preparation method is the same as method one.
  • the above-mentioned lipid nanoparticles prepared according to the preparation method 1 or 2 were used in the biological experiment to evaluate the in vivo delivery performance of luciferase mRNA (Fluc mRNA) as described below.
  • the mass ratio of the amino lipid compound to luciferase mRNA in the lipid nanoparticles obtained in the preparation method one is about 10:1, and it is administered by subcutaneous administration; the lipid nanoparticles obtained in the preparation method two are Administer by tail vein and intramuscular injection.
  • Test Example 1 Evaluation of luciferase mRNA in vivo delivery performance of lipid nanoparticles prepared from aminolipid compounds according to the present disclosure
  • Animal preparation 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were selected, weighing about 20g, and kept in an SPF-level breeding room. Animal experiments were conducted in strict accordance with the guidelines of the national health agency and animal ethics requirements.
  • mice 9 mice were randomly selected from each group and injected with lipid nanoparticles at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg using three administration methods: subcutaneous, intramuscular injection and tail vein (three mice for each administration method). 12 hours later, 200 ⁇ L of 10 mg/mL D-luciferin potassium salt was injected into each mouse through the tail vein. 10 minutes later, the mice were placed under the in vivo imaging system (IVIS-200, Xenogen), and each mouse was observed. The total fluorescence intensity of each mouse was taken and recorded. The expression intensity of Fluc mRNA delivered by representative aminolipid compounds in three administration modes is shown in Table 2-4. MC3 served as control. SM102 is a comparative compound.
  • Table 2 Expression intensity of Fluc mRNA delivered by subcutaneous administration of representative aminolipid compounds.
  • Table 3 Expression intensity of Fluc mRNA delivered by intramuscular administration of representative aminolipid compounds.
  • Table 4 Fluc mRNA expression intensity delivered by tail vein administration of representative aminolipid compounds.
  • Test Example 2 In vivo delivery and immune performance evaluation of ovalbumin mRNA of lipid nanoparticles prepared from aminolipid compounds described in the present disclosure
  • OVA mRNA Ovalbumin mRNA
  • the mass ratio of amino lipid compounds and ovalbumin mRNA (OVA mRNA) in the obtained lipid nanoparticles is approximately 10:1.
  • Animal preparation 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were selected, weighing about 20g, and kept in an SPF-level breeding room. Animal experiments were conducted in strict accordance with the guidelines of the national health agency and animal ethics requirements.
  • mice were randomly selected from each group, and lipid nanoparticles were injected into the leg muscles at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg (Day 0). After 7 days, boost again with the same amount (Day 7). Blood was collected from the tail vein on day 21 for serological analysis. MC3 served as control.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Flat-bottomed 96-well plates (Nunc) were precoated in 50mM carbonate buffer with a concentration of OVA protein of 0.5 ⁇ g protein per well (pH 9.6) overnight at 4°C, and then Blocked with 5% glycine. Antiserum to proteins obtained from immunized animals was diluted from 102 to 106 PBS-0.05% Tween (PBS-T), pH 7.4, and added to the wells and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour at 37°C. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG was labeled at a 1:10,000 dilution in PBS-T-1% BSA. After adding the HRP substrate, determine the optical density at one wavelength and detect the absorbance at 450 nm in an ELISA microplate reader (Bio-Rad).
  • HRP substrate After adding the HRP substrate, determine the optical density at one wavelength and detect the absorbance
  • the amino lipid compound provided by the present disclosure has excellent immune activity and has a strong adjuvant effect.
  • Test Example 3 In vivo delivery and immune performance evaluation of influenza mRNA vaccine of lipid nanoparticles prepared from aminolipid compounds of the present disclosure
  • the mass ratio of amino lipid compounds and influenza mRNA (OVA mRNA) in the obtained lipid nanoparticles is approximately 10:1.
  • Animal preparation 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were selected, weighing about 20g, and kept in an SPF-level breeding room. Animal experiments were conducted in strict accordance with the guidelines of the national health agency and animal ethics requirements.
  • mice were randomly selected from each group, and lipid nanoparticles were administered subcutaneously on the back at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg (Day 0). After 7 days, boost again with the same amount (Day 7). Blood was collected from the tail vein on day 21 for serological analysis. MC3 served as control.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay The measurement method is as in Test Example 2.
  • the test results are shown in Figure 2.
  • the MC3 control group has the lowest IgG antibody titer.
  • the IgG antibody titers produced by Lipid10 (compound 10) and SM102 are comparable, while the IgG antibody titers of other compounds are significantly better than those of the control group, which also shows this.
  • the publicly provided amino lipid compound has excellent immune activity and has a strong adjuvant effect.
  • Test Example 4 Evaluation of stability performance of lipid nanoparticles prepared from the aminolipid compound of the present disclosure using formulation method one
  • Preparation of lipid nanoparticles Use preparation method 1 to prepare LNP as a subcutaneous administration method.
  • Characterization of lipid nanoparticles The particle size and PDI of the prepared lipid nanoparticles were measured by Nano-ZSZEN3600 (Malvern). Take 40uL of LNP solution for particle size measurement and cycle three times, each cycle for 30 seconds.
  • Table 5 DLS characterization and Fluc-mRNA subcutaneous expression of LNPs prepared from representative aminolipid compounds of the present disclosure.
  • the test temperature is 25°C.
  • the representative compounds 5, 6, 7, 9 and SM102 of this disclosure on that day (week 0) are all relatively uniform nanoparticles, with particle sizes in Around 100 nm, the PDI is less than 0.1. After four weeks of storage, the particle sizes have increased.
  • the particle size of SM102 has more than doubled, from 120 to 245, while the representative compounds 5, 6, 7, and 9 of this disclosure have There was no significant increase in particle size; in terms of PDI, the PDI of representative compounds 5, 6, 7, and 9 of the present disclosure were all less than 0.1 after four weeks, while the PDI of SM102 increased from 0.05 on the same day (week 0) to 0.28 on (week 4) ; In terms of Fluc expression, the Fluc expression of the representative compounds 5, 6, 7, and 9 of the present disclosure did not decrease significantly after four weeks, while the Fluc expression of SM102 decreased significantly, from 2.1E+07 to 3.6E+06. Therefore, It can be seen that the amino lipid compound described in the present disclosure has excellent stability.
  • Test Example 5 Evaluation of the active properties of lipid nanoparticles prepared from the aminolipid compound of the present disclosure using formulation method two
  • Preparation of lipid nanoparticles Use preparation method 2 to prepare LNP as a method of intramuscular injection.
  • test method is the same as Test Example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 6:
  • Table 6 Expression intensity of Fluc mRNA delivered by intramuscular injection of representative aminolipid compounds of the present disclosure.
  • the representative compound 6 of the present disclosure has an expression intensity of Fluc mRNA of 1.2E+08; in contrast, the comparative compound 2 (which differs from the representative compound 6 of the present disclosure only lies in the cycloalkyl structural unit)
  • the expression intensity of Fluc mRNA (the hydroxyl group is located adjacent to the amine substituent) is 2.8E+06; further, the difference between comparative compound 6 (the only difference from the representative compound 6 of the present disclosure is that the hydroxyl group on the cycloalkyl structural unit is located at the amine
  • the expression intensity of Fluc mRNA with a substituent two carbon atoms apart is 1.9E+07.
  • mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparation Lipid, DSPC, CHO-HP, M-DMG2000 (i.e. PEG2000-DMG) are mixed and dissolved in absolute ethanol at a molar ratio of 50:10:38.5:1.5 .
  • Preparation of dialysate 1 ⁇ PBS+8% sucrose solution: Put 2 packs of 1 ⁇ PBS powder needles into a beaker, dissolve with 2L DEPC water and mix well, continue to add 160g sucrose, mix well to get 1 ⁇ PBS+8% sucrose solution .
  • the mass ratio of mRNA:Lipid in the obtained lipid nanoparticles is approximately 1:10.
  • the preparation method of the aforementioned mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparation is adopted, in which the mRNA is selected to encode fluorescent protein, and Lipid is selected to contain compound (I-6-II), MC3 and SM102 respectively, to prepare compounds containing compound (I-6- II), MC3 or SM102, mRNA-LNP preparations encoding fluorescent proteins.
  • Each test preparation was administered to mice by intramuscular injection, with 15ug of mRNA preparation sample injected into each animal. 6 hours after the sample injection, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, and 200 ⁇ L D-Luciferin (concentration 10 mg/ml) luciferase development substrate was injected intraperitoneally. The animals were placed in the supine position, and 10 minutes after the substrate was injected, the signal distribution and expression intensity of Luciferase in the mice were observed under the IVIS in vivo imaging system. Animals injected intramuscularly were dissected immediately after intravital imaging development, and the fluorescence of the liver was quickly observed after dissection.
  • the specific fluorescence intensity values are as follows:
  • the preparation method of the mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparation in Test Example 6 was adopted, in which the mRNA encoding the new coronavirus S protein mRNA was selected, and Lipid selected Compound 6, Compound (I-6-II), ALC-0315, and SM102 respectively.
  • the mRNA-LNP preparations encoding the new coronavirus S protein containing compound 6, compound (I-6-II), ALC-0315 or SM102 were prepared.
  • the sequence encoding the new coronavirus S protein mRNA is the sequence obtained by replacing all uracil (u) in SEQ ID NO.1 with N1-methylpseudouridine. It should be noted that according to the WIPO standard ST.26 for nucleotide or amino acid sequence listings, the t (thymine) in the RNA sequence SEQ ID NO.1 in the sequence listing is actually u (uracil).
  • SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, half male and half female, respectively: compound 6 high-dose group (100 ⁇ g mRNA/rat), compound (I-6-II) high-dose group (100 ⁇ g mRNA/rat), ALC-0315 high-dose group Dosage group (cationic lipids in Pfizer vaccine BNT162-b2) (100 ⁇ g mRNA/animal), SM-102 high-dose group (cationic lipids in Moderna vaccine mRNA-1273) (100 ⁇ g mRNA/animal), 3 animals in each group / Gender, administered by intramuscular injection, once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Clinical observations include swelling and other abnormalities at the injection site.
  • the dialysate used for replacement contained 8mg/ml sodium chloride and 0.2mg/ml potassium chloride. , 0.2 mg/ml potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.15 mg/ml disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and 80 mg/ml sucrose. After replacement, sterile filtration was performed to obtain the I-6-II empty liposome preparation.
  • the animal test was divided into 5 groups (5 animals/sex/group).
  • the groups and dosages were: negative control group (0 dose/animal), empty liposome low-dose group (1 dose/animal) and empty liposome group.
  • animals in each group were administered intramuscular injection once every 2 weeks for a total of 3 times, namely D1 (the day of the first administration), D15 (the 15th day after administration), and D29 ( Day 29 after administration).
  • a total of 5 groups (5 animals/sex/group) were set up in the animal test, and the groups and dosages were: negative control group (0 ⁇ g compound I-6-II/animal), empty liposome low-dose group (300 ⁇ g compound I- 6-II/animal) and empty liposome high-dose group (1200 ⁇ g compound I-6-II/animal).
  • the animals in each group were intramuscularly injected once every 2 weeks for a total of 3 times, namely D1, D15, and D29. Medication.
  • animal blood samples were collected before the first (D1) and last (D29) administration of the drug and 4 hours after the drug; in the empty liposome group, before the first (D1) and last (D29) administration of the drug, animal blood samples were collected. Animal blood samples were collected at time points 15min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 24h, 32h and 48h later. The content of compound I-6-II in the plasma of cynomolgus monkeys was detected, and the exposure of compound I-6-II in the cynomolgus monkeys after administration to animals in each group was investigated.
  • compound I-6-II can be rapidly cleared in cynomolgus monkeys, and its plasma drug concentration half-life is 4.68-6.45 hours; the last dose of the animal (D29) is similar to the first dose (D1) Ratios, the Cmax ratio (D29/D1) of each group of compounds I-6-II in empty liposomes ranged from 0.58 to 0.84, and the AUClast ratio (D29/D1) ranged from 0.68 to 1.02, indicating continuous administration for 4 weeks ( After a total of 3 times), compound I-6-II did not accumulate in the cynomolgus monkeys.
  • the present disclosure provides an amine having a cycloalkyl structural unit and in which the cycloalkyl group is Amino lipid compounds with additional substituents at the meta position of the substituent can be used to deliver biologically active agents to cells.
  • Amino lipid compounds with additional substituents at the meta position of the substituent can be used to deliver biologically active agents to cells.
  • they Compared with amino lipid compounds with similar structures known in the prior art, they have one or more of the following Advantages: good delivery ability, good stability, and high safety. It can be used to deliver biologically active agents (such as nucleic acids) to cells to increase their protein expression levels and more effectively cause the body to generate an immune response; it has excellent targeting properties. ;Can be stored, transported and used under normal temperature conditions.

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Abstract

本申请涉及具有以下结构式(I)的氨基脂质化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，及其作为用于递送治疗剂的脂质纳米颗粒制剂的组分的用途。本申请还涉及包含所述氨基脂质化合物的组合物，尤其是脂质纳米颗粒，及其用途。

Description

氨基脂质化合物、其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本公开属于制药领域，具体涉及一种氨基脂质化合物、其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
基因药物是通过人工手段将具有特定遗传信息的基因输送到靶细胞，表达的目标蛋白对先天或后天基因缺陷造成的病症具有调节、治疗甚至治愈的效果，或者基因系列能干扰或调控相关基因的表达，达到临床上的治疗效果。核酸与细胞膜均带有负电荷，裸核酸很难直接导入到细胞内，且极易被细胞质中的核酸降解酶降解，达不到基因导入和基因治疗的作用，因此要借助外力或载体来实现基因传递。
通常把基因载体分为病毒型载体和非病毒型载体。由于病毒性载体在体内和体外的转染效率高，但它同时具有诸多缺陷，如毒性大，免疫反应强烈，基因容量小，靶向性差，制备过程复杂等。而非病毒载体由于容易制备、运输、储藏，且安全、有效、无免疫原性等优点，已引起越来越多的公司投入研发。
脂质纳米颗粒(Lipid Nanoparticle，LNP)是目前主流的非病毒型载体，由于其容易被抗原呈递细胞吸收，因此常应用于疫苗。现有技术中，报道了多种用于脂质纳米颗粒的化合物，但是在实际运用过程中发现，将这些化合物用于疫苗的递送时，递送效率低、药物稳定性差；同时还存在消除相半衰期过长、毒性大、安全性低等问题，不利于临床应用，不能满足现代疫苗制剂的需求。
如商购可得到的阳离子脂质体化合物MC3，在实际用于疫苗的递送时，其蛋白表达水平不足、使机体产生抗体的水平较低；另外，文献《Pharmacokinetics of Patisiran,the First Approved RNA Interference Therapy in Patients With Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated Amyloidosis》Xiaoping Zhang等，The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2020,60(5)573–585，报道的Patisiran的临床二期研究中显示，阳离子脂质体MC3消除相半衰期长达14.6到28.7天。
因此，亟待开发具有递送能力强、稳定性好、消除相半衰期适中和/或安全性高(即不良反应发生率低)的，可用于细胞内递送治疗剂的物质。
发明内容
通过大量的研究，本公开的发明人出人意料地发现，具有环烷基结构单元且在环烷基的胺取代基的间位还具有另外的取代基的氨基脂质化合物实现了以下功能：具有良好的递送能力、稳定性好、安全性高，可用于递送生物活性剂(例如核酸)至细胞中，提高其蛋白表达水平。
本公开因此提供一种氨基脂质化合物，所述化合物具有环烷基结构单元且在环烷基的胺取代基的间位还具有另外的取代基。本公开所述的氨基脂质化合物在体内循环过程中保持稳定，在内体/溶酶体内能迅速地被降解，具有显著增强的递送效率。
本公开的氨基脂质化合物中的环烷基结构单元以及环烷基上胺取代基的间位的另外的取代基使得在该化合物或含有其的脂质纳米颗粒作为疫苗载体时，具有良好的生物活性、较高蛋白表达水平、显著的免疫活性，且具有良好的稳定性，可以在常温条件下储存、运输及使用，且不良反应发生率低。
本公开还提供制备所述氨基脂质化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体的方法，该方法原料易得、反应条件温和、反应选择性好、产率高、仪器设备要求低和操作简单。
本公开还提供包含所述氨基脂质化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体的组合物，如脂质纳米颗粒。
一方面，本公开提供由以下结构式I表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：
其中：
L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C1-C12亚烷基、C2-C12亚烯基或C2-C12亚炔基；优选地，L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；进一步优选地，L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基；最优选地，L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C5-C8亚烷基；
G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-、-C(＝O)-S-、-S-C(＝O)-；优选地，G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；最优选地，G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C5-C27烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C5-C27烯基；优选地，R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C8-C20烯基；进一步优选地，R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基、含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；最优选地，R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自
R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷基、硝基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；进一步优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；最优选地，R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
进一步地，本公开提供如上述结构式(I)表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；
G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；
R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C8-C20烯基；
R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
进一步地，本公开提供如上述结构式(I)表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基；
G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基、含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；
R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
再进一步地，本公开提供如上述结构式(I)表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C5-C8亚烷基；
G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自
R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
还进一步地，本公开提供如上述结构式(I)表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中所述化合物选自：



再一方面，本公开提供具有如下结构的化合物，其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐：
再一方面，本公开提供具有如下结构的化合物，其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐：
进一步地，本公开提供如下述结构式所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐：
再一方面，本公开提供具有如下结构的化合物，其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐：
进一步地，本公开提供如下述结构式所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐：
再一方面，本公开提供具有如下结构的化合物，其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐：
进一步地，本公开提供如下述结构式所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐：
再一方面，本公开提供具有如下结构的化合物，其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐：
进一步地，本公开提供如下述结构式所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐：
一方面，本公开提供一种脂质纳米颗粒(lipid nanoparticles，LNPs)，所述脂质纳米颗粒含有上述任一实施方案的本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒是指具有纳米量级(例如 lnm～1000nm)的颗粒，其包括一种或多种脂质。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的平均直径为20nm～800nm、20nm～500nm、20nm～400nm、20nm～300nm、20nm～200nm、20nm～100nm、30nm～700nm、30nm～500nm、30nm～300nm、30nm～200nm、30nm～100nm、40nm～800nm、40nm～600nm、40nm～500nm、40nm～300nm、40nm～200nm、40nm～100nm、50nm～800nm、50nm～600nm、50nm～500nm、50nm～500nm、50nm～400nm、50nm～500nm、50nm～400nm、50nm～300nm、50nm～200nm、50nm～100nm、60nm～800nm、60nm～600nm、60nm～500nm、60nm～400nm、60nm～300nm、60nm～200nm或60nm～100nm。在一些可选地具体示例中，脂质纳米颗粒的平均直径为26nm、31nm、36nm、41nm、46nm、51nm、56nm、61nm、66nm、71nm、76nm、81nm、86nm、91nm、96nm、101nm、106nm、111nm、116nm、121nm、126nm、131nm、136nm、141nm、146nm、151nm、156nm、161nm、166nm、171nm、176nm、181nm、186nm、191nm、196nm、201nm、206nm、211nm、216nm、221nm、226nm、231nm、236nm、241nm、246nm或249nm。在本文中，脂质纳米颗粒的平均直径可以用动态光散射确定的z平均值表示。
在一些实施方案中，所述脂质纳米颗粒还含有下述中的一种或多种：辅助脂质、结构脂质和聚合物-脂质(例如聚乙二醇-脂质)。
在一些实施方案中，所述脂质纳米颗粒含有(1)辅助脂质、(2)结构脂质、(3)聚合物-脂质以及(4)本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的辅助脂质包括磷脂类物质。磷脂类物质通常是半合成的，也可以是天然来源的或被化学修饰的。在一个可选地具体示例中，脂质纳米颗粒的辅助脂质是磷脂类物质。在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的磷脂类物质包括下述的一种或多种：DSPC(二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DOPE(二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺)、DOPC(二油酰基卵磷脂)、DOPS(二油酰磷脂酰丝氨酸)、DSPG(1,2-二十八烷酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-(1’-rac-甘油))、DPPG(二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油)、DPPC(二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DGTS(1,2-二棕榈酰-sn-甘油-3-O-4'-(N,N,N-三甲基)高丝氨酸)和溶血磷脂。在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的辅助脂质是选自下述的一种或多种：DSPC、DOPE、DOPC和DOPS。在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的辅助脂质是DSPC和/ 或DOPE。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的结构脂质包括甾醇类物质。在一个可选地具体示例中，脂质纳米颗粒的结构脂质为甾醇类物质。在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的甾醇类物质包括下述的一种或多种：20α-羟基胆固醇、胆固醇、胆固醇酯、固醇类激素、固醇类维生素、胆汁酸、胆甾醇、麦角甾醇、β-谷甾醇和氧化胆固醇衍生物。在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的结构脂质包括胆固醇、胆固醇酯、固醇类激素、固醇类维生素和胆汁酸中的至少一种。在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的结构脂质是胆固醇。在一个可选地具体示例中，脂质纳米颗粒的结构脂质是高纯度胆固醇，特别是注射级高纯度胆固醇，例如CHO-HP(由AVT生产)。在另一些实施方案中，结构脂质为20α-羟基胆固醇。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒的聚合物-脂质是指包含聚合物和与该聚合物偶联的脂质的缀合物。脂质纳米颗粒中的聚合物-脂质(例如聚乙二醇-脂质)能够提高脂质纳米颗粒在体内的稳定性。
在一些实施方案中，用于形成脂质纳米颗粒的聚合物-脂质的脂质包括下述中的一种或多种：肉豆蔻酰甘油二酯(1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol，DMG)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine，DSPE)、二酰基甘油(diacylglycerol，DAG)、二烷基氧基丙基(dialkyloxypropyl，DAA)、磷脂、神经酰胺(ceramide，Cer)、1,2-二硬脂酰基-rac-甘油(1,2-distearoyl-rac-glycerol，DSG)和1,2-二棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero，DPG)。
在一些实施方案中，用于形成脂质纳米颗粒的聚合物-脂质的聚合物包括下述中的一种或两种：亲水性聚合物和两性聚合物。
在一些实施方案中，用于形成脂质纳米颗粒的聚合物-脂质的聚合物是亲水性聚合物。在另一些实施方案中，用于形成脂质纳米颗粒的聚合物-脂质的聚合物是两性聚合物。
在一些实施方案中，所述亲水性聚合物包括下述的一种或多种：聚乙二醇(PEG)、多噁唑啉(poly(oxazolines)，POX)、聚甘油(poly(glycerols)，PGs)、聚甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate)，PHPMA)、聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(poly(2-hydroxyethyl  methacrylate)，PHEMA)、聚N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)，HPMA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(poly(vinylpyrrolidone)，PVP)、聚N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)，PDMA)、聚N丙烯酰吗啉(poly(N-acryloyl morpholine)，PAcM)、聚氨基酸(polyaminoacids)、糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycans，GAGs)、肝素(heparin)、透明质酸(hyaluronic acid，HA)、聚唾液酸(polysialic acid，PSA)、类弹性蛋白(elastin-like polypeptide，ELPs)、血清白蛋白和CD47。在一个可选地具体示例中，亲水性聚合物包括聚乙二醇。
对应地，聚合物-脂质包括下述的一种或多种：聚乙二醇-脂质(PEG-脂质)、多噁唑啉-脂质、聚甘油-脂质、聚甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯-脂质、聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯-脂质、聚N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺-脂质、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-脂质、聚N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺-脂质、聚N丙烯酰吗啉-脂质、糖胺聚糖-脂质、肝素-脂质、透明质酸-脂质、聚唾液酸-脂质、类弹性蛋白-脂质、血清白蛋白-脂质和CD47-脂质。需要说明的是，“PEG-脂质”为聚乙二醇和脂质的缀合物，“多噁唑啉-脂质”是指多噁唑啉与脂质偶联而形成的缀合物，“聚甘油-脂质”是指聚甘油与脂质偶联而形成的缀合物，其他聚合物-脂质同理。
在一些实施方案中，聚合物-脂质包括PEG-脂质。在一个可选地具体示例中，聚合物-脂质为PEG-脂质。在一些实施方案中，PEG-脂质包括下述的一种或多种：PEG-肉豆蔻酰甘油二酯(PEG-DMG)、PEG-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(PEG-DSPE)、PEG-二酰基甘油(PEG-diacylglycerol，PEG-DAG)、PEG-二烷基氧基丙基(PEG dialkyloxypropyl，PEG-DAA)、PEG-磷脂、PEG-神经酰胺(PEG-ceramide，PEG-Cer)、PEG-1,2-二硬脂酰基-rac-甘油(PEG-DSG)和PEG-1,2-二棕榈酰基-rac-甘油(PEG-DPG)。PEG-脂质优选为下述的一种或多种：PEG-DMG、PEG-DSG和PEG-DPG。PEG-DMG是1,2-二肉豆蔻酸甘油酯的聚乙二醇衍生物。在一些实施方案中，PEG-脂质中的PEG的平均分子量为约2000～5000。在一个可选地具体示例中，PEG-脂质中的PEG的平均分子量为约2000。在一些实施方案中，PEG-脂质为PEG2000-DMG。
在一些实施方案中，所述两性聚合物包括下述的一种或多种：聚 羧基甜菜碱(poly(carboxybetaine)，pCB)、聚磺基甜菜碱(poly(sulfobetaine)，pSB)、磷酸甜菜碱基聚合物(phosphobetaine-base polymers)和磷酸胆碱聚合物(phosphorylcholine polymer)。在一些实施方案中，两性聚合物包括下述的一种或多种：聚(羧基甜菜碱丙烯酰胺)(poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide，pCBAA)、聚(羧基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯)(poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate))、聚(磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯)(poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate))、聚(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱)(poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine))、聚(乙烯基吡啶基丙磺酸盐)(poly(vinyl-pyridinio propanesulfonate))、聚乙烯基咪唑基甜菜碱(poly(carboxybetaine)based on vinylimidazole)、聚乙烯基咪唑基磺基甜菜碱(poly(sulfobetaine)based on vinylimidazole)、聚乙烯基吡啶基磺基甜菜碱(poly(sulfobetaine)based on vinylpyridine)。
对应地，聚合物-脂质包括下述的一种或多种：聚羟基甜菜碱-脂质、聚磺基甜菜碱-脂质、磷酸甜菜碱基聚合物-脂质和磷酸胆碱聚合物-脂质。在一些实施方案中，聚合物-脂质包括下述的一种或多种：聚(羧基甜菜碱丙烯酰胺)-脂质、聚(羧基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯)-脂质、聚(磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯)-脂质、聚(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱)-脂质、聚(乙烯基吡啶基丙磺酸盐)-脂质、聚乙烯基咪唑基甜菜碱-脂质、聚乙烯基咪唑基磺基甜菜碱-脂质、聚乙烯基吡啶基磺基甜菜碱-脂质。
此外，在一些实施方案中，Hoang Thi,Thai Thanh等的“The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol)Alternatives for Overcoming PEG Immunogenicity in Drug Delivery and Bioconjugation.”Polymers vol.12,2 298中应用于纳米颗粒的聚合物也引入本文中。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含：(1)辅助脂质，(2)结构脂质，(3)PEG-脂质，以及(4)本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，以本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、辅助脂质、结构脂质和PEG-脂质的总量计，脂质纳米颗粒包含以下量(摩尔百分含量)的本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：约25％～75％，例如约25％～28％、28％～32％、32％～35％、35％～40％、40％～42％、42％～45％、45％～48％、48％～55％、55％～65％、 65％～75％、45％～46.3％、46.3％～48％、48％～49.5％、49.5％～50％、50％～55％或60％～65％。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含：(1)辅助脂质，(2)结构脂质，(3)PEG-脂质，以及(4)本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，以本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、辅助脂质、结构脂质和PEG-脂质的总量计，脂质纳米颗粒包含以下量(摩尔百分含量)的所述辅助脂质：约5％～45％，例如约5％～10％、10％～16％、16％～25％、25％～33.5％、33.5％～37％、37％～40％、40％～42％、42％～45％、5％～9％、9％～9.4％、9.4％～10％、10％～10.5％、10.5％～11％、11％～15％、15％～16％、16％～18％、18％～20％或20％～25％。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含：(1)辅助脂质，(2)结构脂质，(3)PEG-脂质，以及(4)本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，以本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、辅助脂质、结构脂质和PEG-脂质的总量计，脂质纳米颗粒包含以下量(摩尔百分含量)的结构脂质：约0％～55％，例如约0％～10％、10％～15.5％、15.5％～22.5％、22.5％～35％、35％～36.5％、36.5％～39.5％、39.5％～40.5％、40.5％～41.5％、41.5％～45％、45％～46.5％、46.5％～50％、15.5％～18.5％、18.5％～22.5％、22.5％～23.5％、23.5％～28.5％、28.5％～33.5％、33.5％～35％、36.5％～38％、38％～38.5％、38.5％～39％、39％～39.5％、41.5％～42.5％、42.5％～42.7％、42.7％～43％、43％～43.5％、43.5％～45％或46.5％～48.5％。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含：(1)辅助脂质，(2)结构脂质，(3)PEG-脂质，以及(4)本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，以本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、辅助脂质、结构脂质和PEG-脂质的总量计，所述脂质纳米颗粒包含以下量(摩尔百分比)的所述PEG-脂质：约0.5％～5％，例如约0.5％～1％、1％～1.5％、1.5％～2％、2％～2.5％、2.5％～3％、3％～3.5％、3.5％～4％、4％～4.5％、4.5％～5％、1.5％～1.6％或1.6％～2％。
在一些如上文所述的实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含：(1)辅助脂质，(2)结构脂质，(3)PEG-脂质，以及(4)本公开的结构式(I) 所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：辅助脂质：结构脂质：PEG-脂质的摩尔比为约(25～75)：(5～45)：(0～55)：(25～65)：(5～42)：(10～55)：(0.5～4)、(28～60)：(5～42)：(15.5～53.5)：(0.5～3.5)或(35～60)：(5～40)：(18.5～53.5)：(1.5～3)。例如45：11：41.5：2.5、42：10.5：45：2.5、42：16：39.5：2.5、40：16：41.5：2.5、40：18：39.5：2.5、35：16：46.5：2.5、35：25：36.5：3.5、28：33.5：35：3.5、32：37：40.5：0.5、35：40：22.5：2.5、40：42：15.5：2.5、45：10：42.5：2.5、40：20：38.5：1.5、45：15：38.5：1.5、55：5：38.5：1.5、60：5：33.5：1.5、45：20：33.5：1.5、50：20：28.5：1.5、55：20：23.5：1.5、60：20：18.5：1.5、40：15：43.5：1.5、50：15：33.5：1.5、55：15：28.5：1.5、60：15：23.5：1.5、40：10：48.5：1.5、45：10：43.5：1.5、55：10：33.5：1.5、40：5：53.5：1.5、45：5：48.5：1.5、50：5：43.5：1.5、48：10：40.5：1.5、50：10：38.5：1.5、50：9：38：3、49.5：10：39：1.5、46.3：9.4：42.7：1.6、或45：9：43：3。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含DOPE、胆固醇(例如CHO-HP)、PEG-脂质、以及本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：DOPE：胆固醇：PEG-脂质的摩尔比为约(28～60)：(5～42)：(15.5～53.5)：(0.5～3.5)。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含DOPE、胆固醇(例如CHO-HP)、PEG-脂质以及本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：辅助脂质：结构脂质：PEG-脂质的摩尔比为约为45：11：41.5：2.5、42：10.5：45：2.5、42：16：39.5：2.5、40：16：41.5：2.5、40：18：39.5：2.5、35：16：46.5：2.5、35：25：36.5：3.5、28：33.5：35：3.5、32：37：40.5：0.5、35：40：22.5：2.5、40：42：15.5：2.5、45：10：42.5：2.5、40：20：38.5：1.5、45：15：38.5：1.5、55：5：38.5：1.5、60：5：33.5：1.5、45：20：33.5：1.5、50：20：28.5：1.5、55：20：23.5：1.5、60：20：18.5：1.5、40：15：43.5：1.5、50：15：33.5：1.5、55：15：28.5：1.5、60：15： 23.5：1.5、40：10：48.5：1.5、45：10：43.5：1.5、55：10：33.5：1.5、40：5：53.5：1.5、45：5：48.5：1.5、或50：5：43.5：1.5。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含DSPC、胆固醇(例如CHO-HP)、PEG-脂质以及本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：DSPC：胆固醇：PEG-脂质的摩尔比为约(35～60)：(5～40)：(18.5～53.5)：(1.5～3)。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含DSPC、胆固醇(例如CHO-HP)、PEG-脂质以及本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：辅助脂质：结构脂质：PEG-脂质的摩尔比为约48：10：40.5：1.5、50：10：38.5：1.5、50：9：38：3、49.5：10：39：1.5、46.3：9.4：42.7：1.6、45：9：43：3、45：11：41.5：2.5、42：10.5：45：2.5、42：16：39.5：2.5、40：16：41.5：2.5、40：18：39.5：2.5、35：40：22.5：2.5、40：20：38.5：1.5、45：15：38.5：1.5、55：5：38.5：1.5、60：5：33.5：1.5、45：20：33.5：1.5、50：20：28.5：1.5、55：20：23.5：1.5、60：20：18.5：1.5、40：15：43.5：1.5、50：15：33.5：1.5、55：15：28.5：1.5、60：15：23.5：1.5、40：10：48.5：1.5、45：10：43.5：1.5、55：10：33.5：1.5、40：5：53.5：1.5、45：5：48.5：1.5、或50：5：43.5：1.5。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含：(1)辅助脂质，(2)结构脂质，(3)PEG-脂质，(4)本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，以及(5)活性成分(例如RNA或DNA)或药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂(例如缓冲液)。
在一些实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒包含：(1)辅助脂质，(2)结构脂质，(3)PEG-脂质，(4)本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，(5)活性成分，以及(6)药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
另一方面，本公开提供药物组合物，所述药物组合物含有本公开的脂质纳米颗粒、或者本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。由于本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体含有长的非极性残基，所得到 的化合物全部具有疏水性特征，并且由于氨基，同时又具有亲水性特征。这种两性特征可以用于形成脂质纳米颗粒，例如脂质双层、胶束、脂质体等。
在一些实施方案中，药物组合物含有药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂，以及下述中的一种：本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，和本公开的脂质纳米颗粒。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物组合物为脂质纳米颗粒。
本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体可以使得包含其的脂质纳米颗粒具有优良的包封生物活性成分的性能，包含生物活性成分的本公开的脂质纳米颗粒可以用于将多种治疗剂中的任何一种或多种递送至细胞、组织或器官中。本公开提供一种本公开的脂质纳米颗粒在将生物活性成分(例如DNA、RNA等)递送至细胞、组织或器官中的应用，此外还提供一种包含生物活性成分(例如DNA、RNA等)的脂质纳米颗粒或药物组合物在产生感兴趣的多肽和/或蛋白中的应用、在制备药物中的应用、在制备用于核酸转移的药物中的应用、以及在预防和/或治疗疾病中的应用。
本公开提供一种本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、或脂质纳米颗粒在将生物活性成分(例如DNA、RNA等)递送至细胞、组织或器官中的应用。
在一些实施方案中，所述应用包括将细胞、组织或器官与包含生物活性成分(例如编码感兴趣多肽和/或蛋白质的核酸(例如mRNA))的脂质纳米颗粒接触的步骤。
在一些实施方案中，所述组织或器官选自由以下组成的组：脾、肝、肾、肺、股骨、眼组织、血管中的血管内皮、淋巴，以及肿瘤组织。
在一些实施方案中，所述细胞是哺乳动物细胞。如本文所用的，哺乳动物细胞可以是任何哺乳动物的细胞。在一些实施方案中，哺乳动物包括下述中的一种或多种：人、小鼠、大鼠、猪、猫、狗、马、山羊、牛和猴子。在一些实施方案中，哺乳动物是人。
在一些实施方案中，所述哺乳动物细胞是在哺乳动物体内。
本公开提供一种产生感兴趣多肽和/或蛋白质的方法，所述方法包括使细胞、组织或器官与包含生物活性成分(例如编码感兴趣多肽和/ 或蛋白质的核酸(例如mRNA))的本公开的脂质纳米颗粒或药物组合物接触的步骤。
在一些实施方案中，在细胞与脂质纳米颗粒或药物组合物接触后，核酸可以被吸收至细胞中，被吸收至细胞中的核酸被细胞利用而产生感兴趣多肽和/或蛋白质。
在一些实施方案中，细胞、组织或器官如上文本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、或脂质纳米颗粒在将生物活性成分(例如DNA、RNA等)递送至细胞、组织或器官中的应用处的描述，此处不再赘述。
在一些实施方案中，所述产生感兴趣多肽和/或蛋白质的方法在体内进行或部分在体内进行。
再一方面，本公开还提供一种本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、脂质纳米颗粒或药物组合物在制备药物中的用途。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物用于疾病的治疗和/或预防。
在一些实施方案中，所述疾病选自由以下组成的组：罕见病、感染性疾病、癌症、遗传性疾病、自体免疫性疾病、糖尿病、神经退化性疾病、心血管、肾血管疾病，以及代谢性疾病。
在一些实施方案中，所述癌症选自肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、淋巴癌、血癌和前列腺癌中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中，所述遗传疾病选自血友病，地中海贫血、高雪氏病中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方案中，罕见病包括下述的一种或多种：成骨不全症(Brittle Bone Disease)、威尔森氏症(Wilson Disease)、脊髓性肌萎缩(Spinal Muscular Atrophy，SMA)、亨廷顿氏病(Huntingdon’s Disease)、瑞特综合征(Rett Syndrome)、肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis，ALS)、杜氏型肌肉营养不良(Duchenne Type Muscular dystrophy)、弗雷德里希共济失调(Friedrichs Ataxia)、甲基丙二酸血症(methylmalonic acidemia，MMA)、囊性纤维化(Cystic Fibrosis，CF)、糖原贮积病1a(glycogen storage disease 1a，GSD1a)、糖原贮积病Ⅲ(glycogen storage diseaseⅢ，GSDⅢ)、Crigler-Najjar综合症(Crigler-Najjar syndrome)、鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶缺乏症(ornithine  transcarbamylase deficiency，OTCD)、丙酸血症(propionic acidemia，PA)、苯丙酮尿症(phenylketonuria，PKU)、血友病A(hemophilia A)、血友病B(hemophilia B)、β-地中海贫血病(β-thalassemia)、拉福拉病(Lafora disease)、Dravet综合征(Dravet syndrome,DS)、亚历山大症(Alexander disease)、莱伯先天性黑内障(Leber's congenital amaurosis，LCA)、骨髓异常增生综合征(MDS)、CBS缺陷型高胱氨酸尿症(Homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency)。此外，www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Search_List.php和rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases中的罕见病也引入本文中。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物用于例如基因治疗、蛋白质替代疗法、反义治疗或通过干扰RNA进行的治疗或基因疫苗接种。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物为核酸药物。在一些实施方案中，核酸药物中的核酸包括下述的至少一种：RNA、信使RNA(mRNA)、反义寡核苷酸、DNA、质粒、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、微小RNA(miRNA)、转移RNA(tRNA)、小的抑制RNA(siRNA)、小的核RNA(snRNA)、小发夹RNA(shRNA)、单链向导RNA(sgRNA)和cas9mRNA。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物是疫苗。在一些实施方案中，所述药物用于产生病原体的抗原或其部分。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物是基因疫苗。在一些实施方案中，所述药物是核酸疫苗。在一些实施方案中，所述药物是mRNA疫苗。
在一些实施方案中，所述基因疫苗接种用于治疗和/或预防癌症、过敏、毒性和病原体感染中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方案中，所述病原体选自病毒、细菌或真菌中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物是基因治疗剂。在一些实施方案中，所述药物用于产生遗传疾病相关的蛋白质。
在一些实施方案中，所述药物用于产生抗体，例如scFV或纳米抗体。
又一方面，本公开还提供一种本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、脂质纳米颗粒或药物组合物在制备用于核酸转移的药物中的用途。
在一些实施方案中，用于核酸转移的药物中的核酸选自RNA、反 义寡核苷酸、DNA。
在一些实施方案中，所述RNA选自信使RNA(mRNA)、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、微RNA(miRNA)、转移RNA(tRNA)、小的抑制RNA(siRNA)、小的核RNA(snRNA)、小发夹RNA(shRNA)、单链向导RNA(sgRNA)、cas9mRNA或其混合物。
在一些实施方案中，所述DNA为质粒。
此外，本公开还提供一种药物，其包含本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体或脂质纳米颗粒。
此外，本公开还提供一种预防和/或治疗疾病的方法，包括给有需要的对象施用包含本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体和生物活性成分(例如编码感兴趣的多肽和/或蛋白的核酸(例如mRNA))的脂质纳米颗粒、药物组合物或药物。
在一些实施方案中，所述疾病和病症参见上文本公开的结构式(I)所表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、脂质纳米颗粒或药物组合物在制备药物中的用途处的描述。
再一方面，本公开提供所述药物组合物、尤其是脂质纳米颗粒在制备药物中的用途，所述药物用于例如基因治疗、基因疫苗接种、反义治疗或通过干扰RNA进行的治疗。优选地，所述基因治疗可用于癌症和遗传疾病的治疗。所述癌症优选选自肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、淋巴癌、血癌或前列腺癌中的一种或多种；所述遗传疾病优选选自血友病，地中海贫血、高雪氏病中的一种或多种。所述基因疫苗优选接种用于治疗癌症、过敏、毒性和病原体感染。所述病原体优选选自病毒、细菌或真菌中的一种或多种。
又一方面，本公开涉及所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体以及含有所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体的脂质纳米颗粒在制备用于核酸转移的药物中的用途。优选地，所述核酸选自RNA、DNA、反义寡核苷酸；优选地，所述RNA选自信使RNA(mRNA)、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、微RNA(miRNA)、转移RNA(tRNA)、小的抑制RNA(siRNA)和小的核RNA(snRNA)；优选地，所述DNA为质粒。
再一方面，本公开还提供制备前文所述的式(I)的化合物的方法，该方法的一般程序如下：
一般程序1：
其中，
n、L1、L2、G1、G2、R1、R2、R3具有与前文所述针对本公开式(I)化合物的定义相同的含义；
X选自卤素；优选地，X选自溴；
具体地，本公开的式(I)化合物通过在室温下在有机溶剂中，在存在或不存在缚酸剂和碘化物的情况下使得中间体化合物(II)与中间体化合物(III)进行取代反应而得到。
其中所述有机溶剂选自腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃类，例如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)；所述缚酸剂选自有机碱、无机碱，例如：氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺、DIPEA；所述碘化物例如碘化钾。
一般程序2
其中，
n、L1、L2、G1、G2、R1、R2、R3具有与前文所述针对本公开式(I)化合物的定义相同的含义；
Y为(＝O)；
具体地，本公开的式(I)化合物通过在室温下在有机溶剂中，在还原剂存在下使得中间体化合物(II)与中间体化合物(V)进行还原反应而得到。
其中所述有机溶剂选自腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃 类，例如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)；所述还原剂选自例如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠。
进一步地，当本公开式(I)化合物中的基团L1和L2相同、R1和R2相同、以及G1和G2相同时，本公开式(I)化合物通过下述一般程序3而制备：
一般程序3
其中，
n、L1、L2、G1、G2、R1、R2、R3具有与前文所述针对本公开式(I)化合物的定义相同的含义；且L＝L1＝L2、G＝G1＝G2、R＝R1＝R2；
具体地，本公开的式(I)化合物通过在室温下在有机溶剂中，在还原剂存在下使得中间体化合物(IV)与中间体化合物(VI)进行还原反应而得到。
其中所述有机溶剂选自腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃类，例如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)；所述还原剂选自例如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠。
再一方面，本公开还提供用于制备本公开式(I)化合物的中间体化合物(II)，其结构式如下：
其中：
L1选自C1-C12亚烷基、C2-C12亚烯基或C2-C12亚炔基；优选地，L1选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；进一步优选地，L1选自C3-C10亚烷基；最优选地，L1选自C5-C8亚烷基；
G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-、-C(＝O)-S-、-S-C(＝O)-；优选地，G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；最优选地，G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C5-C27烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C5-C27烯基；优选地，R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C8-C20烯基；进一步优选地，R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基、含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；最优选地，R1选自
R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷基、硝基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；进一步优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；最优选地，R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
优选地，本公开提供如上所述的中间体化合物(II)或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
L1选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；
G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；
R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基、含有一个或多个 双键的C8-C20烯基；
R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
进一步优选地，本公开提供如上所述的中间体化合物(II)或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
L1选自C3-C10亚烷基；
G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基、含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；
R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
再优选地，本公开提供如上所述的中间体化合物(II)或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
L1选自C5-C8亚烷基；
G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
R1选自
R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
n选自1、2、3。
最优选地，所述中间体化合物(II)选自：


进一步的，本公开还提供制备所述中间体化合物(II)的制备方法，该方法的一般反应程序如下：
其中，R1、R3、G1、L1、n具有与前文所述针对中间体化合物(II)的定义相同的含义；X为卤素，优选溴。
具体地，中间体化合物(IV)与中间体化合物(VII)在室温下在有机溶剂中在缚酸剂的存在下通过取代反应而得到中间体化合物(II)。其中，所述有机溶剂选自腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃类，例如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)；所述缚酸剂选自有机碱、无机碱，例如：氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺、DIPEA。
再一方面，本公开提供一种制备本公开所述的式(I)化合物的光学异构体(X)的方法，该方法的一般反应程序如下：
其中，n、L1、L2、G1、G2、R1、R2、R3具有与前文所述针对式(I)化合物的定义相同的含义；X为卤素，优选溴。
具体地，首先，化合物(VIII)与中间体化合物(VII)在有机溶剂中在缚酸剂的存在下通过取代反应而得到中间体化合物(VIIII)，其中，所述有机溶剂选自腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃类，例如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)；所述缚酸剂 选自有机碱、无机碱，例如：氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺、DIPEA。然后，中间体化合物(VIIII)在存在或不存在缚酸剂和碘化物的情况下与中间体化合物(III)反应得到化合物(I)的光学异构体(X)，其中所述有机溶剂选自腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃类，例如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)；所述缚酸剂选自有机碱、无机碱，例如：氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺、DIPEA；所述碘化物例如KI。
进一步地，本公开提供一种制备本公开所述的化合物6的光学异构体(I-6)的方法，该方法的一般反应程序如下：
其中，X为卤素，优选为溴。
具体地，本公开所述的化合物6的光学异构体(I-6)通过如下步骤制备得到：
在溶剂中，例如腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃类溶剂，具体如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)等，使得化合物(6-X)与化合物(6-VI)在30-50℃下，进行N-烷基化反应，制备得到化合物(6-VII)；
在溶剂中，例如腈类、醇类、卤代烃类、酰胺类、芳香烃类、醚类溶剂，具体如乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷(DCE)、环戊甲醚、甲基叔丁基醚等，在存在或不存在缚酸剂和催化剂的作用下，使得化合物(6-VII)与8-卤代辛酸壬酯在60-110℃下，进行N-烷基化反应，制备得到化合物(I-6)，其中所述缚酸剂选自有机碱、 无机碱，例如：氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺、DIPEA；所述催化剂为碘化物，优选为KI。
进一步地，根据上述方法，当采用的化合物(6-X)为(1S,3R)-3-氨基环己醇，化合物(6-VII)如结构式(6-VII-I)所示时：
得到化合物6的光学异构体，化合物(I-6-II)：
当采用的化合物(6-X)为(1S,3S)-3-氨基环己醇，化合物(6-VII)如结构式(6-VII-II)所示时：
得到化合物6的光学异构体，化合物(I-6-III)：
当采用的化合物(6-X)为(1R,3R)-3-氨基环己醇，化合物(6-VII)如结构式(6-VII-III)所示时：
得到化合物6的光学异构体，化合物(I-6-IV)：
当采用的化合物(6-X)为(1R,3S)-3-氨基环己醇，化合物(6-VII)如结构式(6-VII-IV)所示时：
得到化合物6的光学异构体，化合物(I-6-V)：
再一方面，本公开提供用于制备上述化合物6的光学异构体(I-6)的中间体化合物(6-VII)，其结构为：
具体地，所述中间体化合物(6-VII)选自：
附图说明
图1是本公开例如生物试验的试验2中代表性氨基脂质化合物皮下给药递送OVA mRNA所产生的体液抗体滴度。
图2是本公开例如生物试验的试验3中代表性氨基脂质化合物肌注给药递送流感mRNA疫苗所产生的体液抗体滴度。
图3是化合物(I-6-II)、(I-6-III)、(I-6-IV)与(I-6-V)的混合物的HPLC图谱。
图4是化合物(I-6-II)的HPLC图谱。
图5是化合物(I-6-III)的HPLC图谱。
图6是化合物(I-6-IV)的HPLC图谱。
图7是化合物(I-6-V)的HPLC图谱。
图8是靶向测试，肌肉注射后肝脏的荧光强度。
图9是肌肉注射不良反应测试，注射部位的重度肿胀、中度跛行统计。
本公开的氨基脂质化合物、含有其的组合物、脂质纳米颗粒、以及它们递送诸如核酸的生物活性剂至细胞中的用途的各种示例性实施方案在下文进一步详细地描述。
具体实施方式
定义
除非上下文另外需要，在本说明书和权利要求书中，词语“包含(comprise)”及其变形，如“包括”和“含有”，以开放且包括的含义解释，即，为“包括，但不限于”。
在本说明书中，提及“一个实施方案”或“实施方案”意指结合所述实施方案描述的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本公开的至少一个实施方案中。因此，在本说明书中各处出现短语“在一个实施方案中”或“在实施方案中”不一定是全部指同一个实施方案。此外，所述特定特征、结构或特性可以以任何适合的方式与一个或多个实施方案结合。
除非另外定义，本文使用的所有技术和科技术语具有与本公开所属领域技术人员通常理解相同的含义。如本说明书和权利要求书所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指定。
在本公开中使用的表示方式“Cx-Cy”表示碳原子数的范围，其中x和y均为整数，例如C3-C8环烷基表示具有3-8个碳原子的环烷基，C0-C2烷基表示具有0-2个碳原子的烷基，其中C0烷基是指化学单键。
在本公开中,术语“烷基”指饱和的脂族烃基团，包括1至30个碳原子的直链和支链基团，例如可以是1至6个碳原子、5至27个碳原子、8至20个碳原子、9至17个碳原子的直链和支链基团。非限制性实例包括正壬基、十一烷基、7-十五烷基、9-十七烷基及其各种异构体等。
在本公开中，术语“环烷基”指饱和单环或多环环状烃基，其包括3至12个环原子，例如可以是3至12个、3至10个、3至8个或3至6个环原子，或者可以是3、4、5、6元环。单环环烷基的非限制性实例包含环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基等。
在本公开中,术语“烯基”是指具有至少一个双键的不饱和的脂族烃基团，包括1至30个碳原子的直链和支链烯烃基团，例如可以是具 有一个或两个双键的5至27个碳原子、8至20个碳原子、9至18个碳原子的直链和支链烯烃基团。非限制性实例包括8-十七烯基、12-十八二烯基及其各种异构体等。
在本公开中,术语“炔基”是指具有至少一个叁键的不饱和的脂族烃基团，包括1至30个碳原子的直链和支链炔烃基团，例如可以是具有一个或两个叁键的5至27个碳原子、5至15个碳原子、8至10个碳原子的直链和支链炔烃基团。非限制性实例包括2-壬炔基、3-癸炔基及其各种异构体等。
在本公开中,术语“亚烷基”指具有两个端部单价基团核心的取代或未取代的烷基，其是从两个端部原子的每个原子上除去一个氢原子所产生的；所述烷基具有前文所述的含义。“亚烷基”的非限制性实例包含C3-C10亚烷基、C5-C8亚烷基等。
在本公开中,术语“亚烯基”指具有两个端部单价基团核心的取代或未取代的烯基，其是从两个端部原子的每个原子上除去一个氢原子所产生的；所述烯基具有前文所述的含义。“亚烯基”的非限制性实例包含C3-C10亚烯基等。
在本公开中,术语“亚炔基”指具有两个端部单价基团核心的取代或未取代的炔基，其是从两个端部原子的每个原子上除去一个氢原子所产生的；所述炔基具有前文所述的含义。“亚炔基”的非限制性实例包含C3-C10亚炔基等。
在本公开中,术语“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
在本公开中,术语“烷氧基”意指烷基-氧基，所述烷基具有前文所述的含义。优选所述烷氧基是C1-C10烷氧基；更优选地，所述烷氧基为C1-C6烷氧基；进一步优选地，所述烷氧基为C1-C4烷氧基；最优选地，所述烷氧基为甲氧基。
在本公开中,术语“烷基羰基氧基”意指烷基-C(O)O基，所述烷基具有前文所述的含义。优选所述烷基羰基氧基是C1-C10烷基羰基氧基；更优选地，所述烷基羰基氧基为C1-C6烷基羰基氧基；进一步优选地，所述烷基羰基氧基为C1-C4烷基羰基氧基；最优选地，所述烷基羰基氧基为乙酰氧基。
在本公开中,术语“烷氧羰基”意指烷基-OC(O)-基，所述烷基具有前文所述的含义。优选所述烷氧羰基是C1-C10烷氧羰基；更优选地， 所述烷氧羰基为C1-C6烷氧羰基；进一步优选地，所述烷氧羰基为C1-C4烷氧羰基；最优选地，所述烷氧羰基为甲氧羰基。
在本公开中,术语“烷基羰基氨基”意指烷基-C(O)NH-基，所述烷基具有前文所述的含义。优选所述烷基羰基氨基是C1-C10烷基羰基氨基；更优选地，所述烷基羰基氨基为C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；进一步优选地，所述烷基羰基氨基为C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；最优选地，所述烷基羰基氨基为乙酰氨基。
在本公开中,术语“烷基氨基羰基”意指烷基-NHC(O)-基，所述烷基具有前文所述的含义。优选所述烷基氨基羰基是C1-C10烷基氨基羰基；更优选地，所述烷基氨基羰基为C1-C6烷基氨基羰基；进一步优选地，所述烷基氨基羰基为C1-C4烷基氨基羰基；最优选地，所述烷基氨基羰基为丁基氨基羰基。
在本公开中，术语“任选地取代的”意指与原子或基团连接的1个或多个氢原子独立地未被取代，或被1个或多个(例如1、2、3或4个)取代基取代。所述取代基可以独立地选自，但不限于：卤素(例如氯、溴、氟或碘)、氘(D)、氚(T)、羧酸(例如-C(＝O)OH)、氧(例如＝O)、硫(例如＝S)、羟基(例如-OH)、酯基(例如-C(＝O)ORi或-OC(＝O)Ri)、醛基(例如-C(＝O)H)、羰基(例如-C(＝O)Ri，或由C＝O表示)、酰卤基(例如-C(＝O)X，其中X是选自溴、氟、氯或碘)、碳酸酯基(例如-OC(＝O)ORi)、烷氧基(例如-ORi)、缩醛(例如-C(ORi)2Ri，其中各ORi是相同或不同的烷氧基)、磷酸根(例如P(＝O)43-)、巯基(例如-SH)、亚砜(例如-S(＝O)Ri)、亚磺酸(例如-S(＝O)OH)、磺酸(例如-S(＝O)2OH)、硫醛(例如-C(＝S)H)、硫酸根(例如S(＝O)42-)、磺酰基(例如-S(＝O)2Ri)、亚磺酰基(例如-S(＝O)Ri)、酰胺(例如-C(＝O)N(Ri)2或-N(Ri)C(＝O)Ri)、叠氮基(例如-N3)、硝基(例如-NO2)、氰基(例如-CN)、异氰基(例如-NC)、酰氧基(例如-OC(＝O)Ri)、氨基(例如-N(Ri)2、-N(Ri)H或-NH2)、氨甲酰基(例如-OC(＝O)N(Ri)2、-OC(＝O)N(Ri)H或-OC(＝O)NH2)、磺酰胺(例如-S(＝O)2N(Ri)2、-S(＝O)2N(Ri)H、-S(＝O)2NH2、-N(Ri)S(＝O)2Ri、-N(H)S(＝O)2Ri、-N(Ri)S(＝O)2H或-N(H)S(＝O)2H)、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烃基(例如环烷基、环烯基或环炔基基)、杂环烃基(例如含有一个或多个选自S、N和O杂原子的杂环烷基，或含有一个或多个选自S、N和O杂原子的杂环烯基)、芳基(例如苯基、或稠环基)、杂芳基(例 如包含1-4个独立地选自氮、氧或硫的杂原子的8至10元双环杂芳基)、-C(＝O)SRi、-C(＝N-CN)N(Ri)2、-C(＝N-O-CH3)N(Ri)2、-C(＝N-SO2-NH2)N(Ri)2、-C(＝CH-NO2)N(Ri)2,-OC(＝O)N(Ri)2、-CHN(Ri)N(Ri)2、-C(＝O)N(Ri)ORi、-N(Ri)2C(＝O)ORi、-OP(＝O)(ORi)2，-P(＝O)(ORi)2、-N(ORi)C(＝O)Ri、-N(ORi)S(＝O)2Ri、-N(ORi)C(＝O)ORi、-N(ORi)C(＝O)N(Ri)2、-N(ORi)C(＝S)N(Ri)2、-N(ORi)C(NRi)N(Ri)2、-N(ORi)C(CHRi)N(Ri)2。在前述任一种中，Ri是如本文所定义的氢，或烷基，或烯基，或炔基，或杂烷基，或杂烯基，或杂炔基。在一些实施方案中，Ri是如本文所定义的氢，或C1-C12烷基，或C1-C12烯基，或C1-C12炔基，或C1-C12杂烷基，或C1-C12杂烯基，或C1-C12杂炔基。当一个原子或基团被多个取代基取代时，所述多个取代基可以相同或不同。在一些实施方案中，取代基本身可以进一步被例如一个或多个如本文所定义的取代基取代。例如，作为取代基的C1-C6烷基可以进一步被一个或多个如本文所述的取代基取代。
除非另外明确说明，本文所述烷基、环烷基、烯基、炔基、亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、烷氧基、烷基羰基氧基、烷氧羰基、烷基羰基氨基、烷基氨基羰基是可任选地取代的。
本公开所述“药学上可接受的盐”在Berge，et al.，“Pharmaceutically acceptable salts”，J.Pharm.Sci.,66,1-19(1977)中有讨论，并对药物化学家来说是显而易见，所述的盐是基本上无毒性的，并能提供所需的药代动力学性质、适口性、吸收、分布、代谢或排泄等。
本公开所述“药学上可接受的盐”的实例包括本公开化合物的酸加成盐或碱加成盐，所述盐保留本公开化合物的生物有效性和特性，并且通常不是生物学上或其他方面不合需要的盐。在许多情况下，由于氨基和/或羧基基团或与其类似的基团的存在，本发明的化合物能够形成酸盐和/或碱盐。
药学上可接受的酸加成盐可以用无机酸和/或有机酸与本公开的化合物形成，所述无机酸例如，但不限于盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸等；所述有机酸例如，但不限于乙酸、2,2-二氯乙酸、己二酸、海藻酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、樟脑酸、樟脑-10-磺酸、癸酸、己酸、辛酸、碳酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环拉酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、乙磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、甲 酸、富马酸、半乳糖二酸、龙胆酸、葡庚糖酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、谷氨酸、戊二酸、2-氧代-戊二酸、甘油磷酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、异丁酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、马来酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、烟酸、油酸、乳清酸、草酸、棕榈酸、双羟萘酸、丙酸、焦谷氨酸、丙酮酸、水杨酸、4-氨基水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、硫氰酸、对甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸和十一碳烯酸等。
药学上可接受的碱加成盐可以用无机碱和/或有机碱与本公开的化合物形成，来源于无机碱的盐包括，但不限于，钠盐、钾盐、锂盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、锌盐、铜盐、锰盐和铝盐等。优选的无机盐为铵盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐和镁盐。来源于有机碱的盐包括，但不限于，下列伯胺、仲胺、叔胺、取代的胺(包括天然存在的取代的胺)、环状胺和碱性离子交换树脂的盐：例如氨、异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、丹醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、二环己基胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、咖啡因、普鲁卡因、海巴明(hydrabamine)、胆碱、甜菜碱、苯乙苄胺(benethamine)、苄星青霉素(benzathine)、乙二胺、葡糖胺、甲基葡糖胺、可可碱、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶和聚胺树脂等。特别优选的有机碱为异丙胺、二乙胺、乙醇胺、三甲胺、二环己基胺、胆碱和咖啡因。
本公开药学上可接受的盐可通过一般的化学方法合成。
一般情况下，盐的制备可以通过游离碱或酸与等化学当量或者过量酸(无机酸或有机酸)或碱在合适的溶剂或溶剂组合物中反应制得。
在本公开中，术语“间位”是指在环烷基结构单元上与其胺取代基相隔一个碳原子的位置。
在本公开中，术语“化合物”涵盖所有通过将一个或多个原子取代成为具有不同原子量或质量数的原子而被同位素标记的化合物。“同位素”是指具有相同原子数但因核中的中子数量不同而具有不同质量数的原子。例如，氢的同位素包括氚和氘。
本公开的化合物或者其药学上可接受的盐可以含有一个或多个不对称中心，并且因此可以产生对映异构体、非对映异构体和其他立体异构形式，例如氨基酸，其可以根据绝对立体化学被定义为(R)-或(S)-， 或者定义为(D)-或(L)-。本公开意在包括所有这些可能的异构体，以及其外消旋形式和光学纯的形式。光学活性的(+)和(-)、(R)-和(S)-、或(D)-和(L)-异构体可以使用手性合成子或手性试剂来制备，或者使用常规技术，例如色谱法和分级结晶来拆分。用于制备/分离单一对映异构体的常规技术包括由适合的光学纯前体手性合成，或者使用，例如，手性高压液相层析法(HPLC)的外消旋体(或盐或衍生物的外消旋体)的拆分。当本文描述的化合物含有烯族双键或其他几何不对称中心时，除非另外指定，意指该化合物包括E型和Z型几何异构体。同样地，也意在包括所有的互变异构形式。
如本文所用,术语“立体异构体”是指由相同的键键合的相同原子组成，但具有不同三维结构的化合物，其不可互变。“光学异构体”是指两个或多个由于构型上的差异，而表现出不同旋光性能的立体异构体。“对映异构体”是一对互为不可重叠镜像的立体异构体。任何比例的一对对映异构体的混合物可称为“外消旋”混合物。“非对映异构体”是具有至少两个不对称原子但不是彼此镜像的立体异构体。
“立体异构体”还可以包括E和Z异构体或其混合物，以及顺式和反式异构体或其混合物。在某些实施方案中，本文所述的化合物被分离为E或Z异构体。在其他实施方案中，本文所述的化合物是E和Z异构体的混合物。
“互变异构体”是指相互平衡的化合物的异构形式。异构体形式的浓度将取决于发现化合物的环境，并且可以根据例如化合物是固体还是在有机溶液或水溶液中而不同。
在本公开中，术语“脂质纳米颗粒”意指将氨基脂质化合物加入水溶液中制得的纳米大小的物质(脂质纳米颗粒)，这些颗粒特别是脂质双层泡囊(脂质体)、多层泡囊或胶束。在优选的实施方案中，所述脂质纳米颗粒是含有本公开氨基脂质化合物的脂质体。
在本公开中，术语“脂质体”意指由包裹含水隔室的脂质两性(两亲(amphiphilic)分子的双层组成的微泡囊。脂质体的形成不是一个自发的过程。当脂质放入水中时首先形成脂质泡囊，因此形成一个双层或一系列双层，每个通过水分子分开。可以通过在水中超声波处里脂质泡囊来形成脂质体。
在本公开中，术语“脂质双层”意指由两层脂质分子形成的薄膜。
在本公开中，术语“胶束”意指分散在液体胶体中的表面活性剂分子的聚集物。水溶液中的典型胶束接触水时与亲水性头部区域形成聚集物，螯合胶束中心的疏水性单尾区。
在本公开中，术语“细胞”具有本领域已知的含义，包括培养的单个细胞、组织、器官、昆虫细胞、禽类细胞、鱼细胞、两栖类细胞、哺乳动物细胞、初级细胞、连续细胞系、干细胞和/或遗传工程化细胞(如表达异源多肽或蛋白的重组细胞)。重组细胞包括，例如，表达异源多肽或蛋白(如生长因子或血液因子)的细胞。
在优选的实施方案中，本公开的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体进一步含有辅助脂质。在优选的实施方案中，所述辅助脂质是非阳离子脂质。在更优选的实施方案中，所述辅助脂质是非阳离子磷脂。在本公开的范围内，非阳离子脂质可以含有阳离子官能团(例如，铵基)，但应当含有阴离子官能团，以至少中和分子。脂质分子中的所有官能团的总体应当是非阳离子的。由阳离子氨基脂质和非阳离子(中性)磷脂的混合物组成的脂质体对于将核酸传送至细胞中是最有效的。在甚至更优选的实施方案中，所述非阳离子脂质是DOPE或DSPC。
在进一步优选的实施方案中，本公开的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体进一步包含固醇。固醇，如胆固醇，是细胞膜中的天然成分，其可以用于稳定颗粒，并且帮助与细胞膜的整合。
在另一个实施方案中，本公开的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体进一步含有生物活性剂。在本公开的范围内，生物活性剂是引入细胞或宿主中时具有生物作用的物质，例如，通过刺激免疫应答或炎性应答、通过发挥酶活性或通过补充突变等来起作用，生物活性剂特别是核酸、肽、蛋白、抗体和小分子。将脂质体用于将药物包裹在脂质双层内或脂质体的内部含水空间中时，都可以使用术语“脂质纳米颗粒药物”。
在一个优选的实施方案中，所述生物活性剂是核酸。在另一个优选的实施方案中，所述生物活性剂是选自抗肿瘤剂、抗生素、免疫调节剂、抗炎剂、作用于中枢神经系统的药剂、多肽或多肽类(polypeptoid)的成员。
在另一个实施方案中，脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体进一步含有至少一种聚乙二醇(PEG)-脂质。PEG脂质有助于保护颗粒及其内含物免受体外或体内降解。此外，PEG在脂质体表面上形成保护层，并且提高 了体内循环时间。其可以用于脂质体药物传送中(PEG-脂质体)。优选地，所述聚乙二醇脂质为PEG2000-DMG。
含有生物活性剂的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体可以用于将多种治疗剂中的任何一种传送至细胞中。本公开包括如上所述的脂质纳米颗粒(尤其是脂质体)用于将生物活性剂传送至细胞中的用途。
优选地，所述生物活性剂是核酸，包括但不限于，RNA、DNA、反义寡核苷酸；其中RNA包括但不限于，信使RNA(mRNA)、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、微RNA(miRNA)、转移RNA(tRNA)、小的抑制RNA(siRNA)和小的核RNA(snRNA)；DNA包括但不限于质粒。生物活性剂还可以是抗肿瘤剂、抗生素、免疫调节剂、抗炎剂、作用于中枢神经系统的药剂、抗原或其片段、蛋白、肽、多肽类、疫苗和小分子，或其混合物。如上所示，含有本公开中限定的氨基脂质化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体适用于将生物活性剂传送至细胞中。
可以对通过通用合成方法合成的多种不同氨基脂质化合物赋予脂质体的特定特征进行筛选以用于特定的应用。所述特征例如转染效率、细胞毒性、待传送至细胞中的药剂的粘附、脂质体的稳定性、脂质体的大小等。
本公开的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体可以用于转染多细胞组织或器官。这给患者提供了新的治疗处理的可能性。
根据本公开，患者可以是任何哺乳动物，优选选自人、小鼠、大鼠、猪、猫、狗、马、山羊、牛和猴子和/或其他。最优选，患者是人。
本公开的一个优选的实施方案涉及含有本公开的氨基脂质化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体用作药物的用途。
特别地，所述脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体可以给予患者，用于基因治疗、基因疫苗接种、反义治疗或通过干扰RNA的治疗中。具体的应用范围包括但不限于：
(1)本公开的脂质纳米颗粒可以传递核酸以用于基因治疗。通过本公开的氨基脂质将外源基因导入靶细胞，以纠正或补偿缺陷和异常基因引起的疾病，以达到治疗目的。其中也包括转基因等方面的技术应用，也就是将外源基因通过基因转移技术将其插入患者的适当的受 体细胞中，使外源基因制造的产物能治疗某种疾病，如常见的肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、淋巴癌、血癌、前列腺癌等。还可导入经过基因编辑的核酸物质以用于多种遗传疾病的治疗，如血友病，地中海贫血、高雪氏病等。
(2)本公开的脂质纳米颗粒可以用于疫苗接种中。本公开的脂质纳米颗粒或脂质体可以用于传送抗原或编码抗原的核酸。本公开的脂质纳米颗粒还可以用于引发对抗各种抗原的免疫应答，所述抗原用于治疗和/或预防多种病症，如癌症、过敏、毒性和病原体(如，病毒、细菌、真菌和其他致病生物体)感染。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，本公开的脂质纳米颗粒可用于制备用于核酸转移的药物，优选地，所述核酸为RNA、DNA、反义寡核苷酸；优选地，所述RNA选自信使RNA(mRNA)、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、微RNA(miRNA)、转移RNA(tRNA)、小的抑制RNA(siRNA)和小的核RNA(snRNA)；优选地，所述DNA为质粒。
实施例
为了使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合具体实施例对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开实施方案的一部分。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，按照常规方法和条件，或按照商品说明书选择。
本公开所有化合物的结构可通过核磁共振(1H NMR)和/或质谱检测(MS)鉴定。
1H NMR化学位移(δ)以PPM(parts per million，百万分之几)记录。NMR通过Bruker AVANCE III-400MHz光谱仪进行。合适的溶剂选自氘代氯仿(CDCl3)、氘代甲醇(CD3OD)、氘代二甲亚砜(DMSO-d6)等，四甲基硅烷作为内标(TMS)。
低分辨率质谱(MS)由安捷伦1260Infinity II-G6125C质谱仪测定。
本公开的比旋度测量方法：取样品，精密称定，加无水乙醇溶解并定量稀释制成每1ml中约含10mg的溶液，按《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版四部通则0621旋光度测定法测定。
本公开的已知的起始原料可以采用或按照本领域已知的方法来合 成，或可商购得到。
纯化化合物采用的柱层析的洗脱剂的体系包括A：二氯甲烷和甲醇体系(20:1至5:1)；B：正己烷和乙酸乙酯体系(10:1至2:1)。溶剂的体积比根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节。
实施例中如无特殊说明，反应的温度为室温，温度范围是15℃-30℃。
本公开的HPLC分析方法：HPLC-CAD方法。
表1：本公开的HPLC分析方法条件。
实施例1：化合物1的合成
步骤1)：8-溴辛酸-1-辛基壬酯的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸(22.3g,100mmol)，9-十七烷醇(25.6g,100mmol)，二氯甲烷100mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(23.0g,120mmol)，4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.61g,5mmol)，N,N-二异丙基乙胺(25.8g,200mmol)室温下反应2h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(正己烷：乙酸乙酯＝10：1至2：1)得到8-溴辛酸-1-辛基壬酯(41.5g,90％)。
步骤2)：8-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(中间体化合物II-1)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.50g,10mmol)，3-氨基环丁醇(8.7g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL,搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到8-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(2.38g,67％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ：4.66-4.55(m,0.5H),4.14-4.06(m,2H),3.61-3.51(m,0.5H),3.01(m,0.5H),2.82-2.71(m,2H),2.71-2.63(m,2H),2.58(m,0.5H),2.31(t,2H),2.27-2.01(m,2H),1.72-1.53(m,6H),1.44-1.21(m,18H),0.91(t,3H).
LCMS:356.3[M+H]+。
步骤3)：化合物1的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加8-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(355mg,1mmol)，8-溴辛酸1-辛基壬酯(554mg,1.2mmol)，乙腈20mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol)，碘化钾(166mg,1mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物1(501mg,68％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ：4.94-4.78(m,1H),4.42-4.37(m,0.5H),4.05(t,2H),3.99(m,0.5H),3.61-3.45(m,0.5H),2.75-2.65(s,0.5H),2.60-2.52(m,2H),2.50-2.45(m,3H),2.40(m,1H),2.28(m,4H),1.99(m,2H),1.67-1.57(m,6H),1.57-1.45(m,4H),1.43-1.38(m,4H),(m,49H),0.89-0.83(m,9H).
LCMS:737.2[M+H]+。
实施例2：化合物2的合成
步骤1)：6-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(中间体化合物II-2)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴已酸十一烷基酯(3.50g,10mmol)，3-氨基环丁醇(8.7g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到6-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(2.38g,67％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ：4.66-4.57(m,0.5H),4.06-4.04(t,2H),3.62-3.54(m,0.5H),3.13-2.96(m,0.5H),2.82-2.73(m,2H),2.71-2.66(m,2H),2.66-2.59(m,0.5H),2.31(t,2H),2.28-2.10(m,2H),1.73-1.55(m,6H),1.43-1.21(m,18H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:356.3[M+H]+。
步骤2)：化合物2的合成
以与实施例1步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物2，只是用6-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(中间体化合物II-2)替代原中间体化合物8-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)辛酸壬酯。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ：4.95-4.77(m,1H),4.42(t,0.5H),4.08(t,2H),4.02-3.94(m,0.5H),3.51-3.42(m,0.5H),2.72-2.62(m,0.5H),2.56(m,2H),2.50-2.44(m,3H),2.42(s,1H),2.38-2.29(m,4H),1.94(s,2H),1.71-1.58(m,6H),1.53(m,4H),1.44(m,4H),1.40-1.21(m,49H), 0.90(m,9H).
LCMS:737.2[M+H]+。
实施例3：化合物6的合成
步骤1)：8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(中间体化合物II-6)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.50g,10mmol)，3-氨基环己醇(11.5g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(2.34g,61％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.20-4.13(m,0.5H),4.05(t,2H),3.83(m,0.5H),3.09(m,0.5H),2.87(m,0.5H),2.76-2.59(m,2H),2.29(t,2H),2.00(m,0.5H),1.93-1.78(m,1.5H),1.78-1.65(m,2H),1.65-1.46(m,8H),1.40-1.18(m,20H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:384.3[M+H]+。
步骤2)：化合物6的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(383mg,1mmol)，8-溴辛酸1-辛基壬酯(554mg,1.2mmol)，乙腈20mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol)，碘化钾(166mg,1mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷： 甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物6(596mg,78％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.95-4.81(m,1H),4.30-4.12(m,0.5H),4.07(t,2H),3.72-3.61(m,0.5H),2.97(m,0.5H),2.64-2.52(m,0.5H),2.48-2.37(m,4H),2.30(q,4H),1.93-1.81(m,2H),1.72-1.57(m,8H),1.51(t,4H),1.43-1.18(m,56H),0.89(m,9H).
LCMS:765.3[M+H]+。
实施例4：化合物7的合成
步骤1)：6-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(中间体化合物II-7)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-溴己酸十一烷基酯(3.50g,10mmol)，3-氨基环己醇(11.5g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到6-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(2.53g,66％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.20(m,0.5H),4.05(t,2H),3.93(m,0.5H),3.21(m,0.5H),3.03(m,0.5H),2.84-2.68(m,2H),2.35-2.25(m,2H),2.12-2.06(m,0.5H),1.91(m,1.5H),1.94-1.82(m,2H),1.77-1.56(m,8H),1.43-1.19(m,20H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:384.4[M+H]+。
步骤2)：化合物7的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(383mg,1mmol)，8-溴辛酸1-辛基壬酯(554mg,1.2mmol)，乙腈20mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol)，碘化钾(166mg,1mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物7(572mg,75％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.93-4.81(m,1H),4.24(m,0.5H),4.05(t,2H),3.68-3.61(m,0.5H),2.98(m,0.5H),2.56(m,0.5H),2.50-2.36(m,4H),2.35-2.22(m,4H),1.97-1.73(m,3H),1.69-1.55(m,7H),1.48(m,4H),1.46-1.36(m,4H),1.36-1.18(m,52H),0.88(m,9H).
LCMS:765.0[M+H]+。
实施例5：化合物8的合成
步骤1)6-氧代己酸-7-十五烷基酯的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)己酸(2.46g,10mmol)，十五烷-7-醇(2.28g,10mol)，二氯甲烷100mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入二环己基碳二亚胺(2.47g,12mmol)，4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.06g,0.5mmol)，室温下反应2h，水洗3次，使用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩至干，再加入四氢呋喃50mL，四丁基氟化铵(2.75g,10.5mmol)，室温反应1h后，浓缩至近干，加入二氯甲烷100mL溶解后，水洗三次，无水硫酸钠干燥后，加入戴斯-马丁氧化剂(5.09g,12mmol)，室温下搅拌反应12h后，加入碳酸氢钠饱和溶液洗涤三次后，水洗一次，无水硫酸钠干燥后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(正己烷：乙酸乙酯＝10：1至5：1)得到6-氧代己酸-7-十五烷基酯(2.76g,81％)。
步骤2):化合物8的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-氧代己酸-7-十五烷基酯(3.41g,10mmol)，二氯乙烷100mL，三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.18g,15mmol)，再加入3-氨基环己醇(0.57g,5mmol)，室温下反应24h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物8(2.83g,74％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.93-4.80(m,2H),4.24(m,0.5H),3.66-3.58(m,0.5H),3.05(m,0.5H),2.54(m,0.5H),2.42(m,4H),2.30(m,4H),1.96-1.74(m,3H),1.72-1.56(m,6H),1.50(m,11H),1.35-1.19(m,48H),0.88(t,12H).
LCMS:765.1[M+H]+。
实施例6：化合物9的合成
步骤1)：2-己基癸酸-(6-氧代己基)酯的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入2-正己基癸酸(25.6g,100mmol)，1,6-己二醇(59.0g,0.5mol)，二氯甲烷150mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入二环己基碳二亚胺(20.6g,100mmol)，4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.61g,5mmol)，室温下反应2h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(正己烷：乙酸乙酯＝5：1至1：1)得到2-己基癸酸-7-羟基庚酯，依次加入二氯甲烷100mL，戴斯-马丁氧化剂(50.9g,120mmol),室温下搅拌反应12h后，加入碳酸氢钠饱和溶液洗涤三次后，水洗一次，无水硫酸钠干燥后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(正己烷：乙酸乙酯＝10：1至5：1)得到2-己基癸酸-(6-氧代己基)酯(19.1g,54％)。
步骤2)：化合物9的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入2-己基癸酸-(6-氧代己基)酯(3.55g,10mmol)，二氯乙烷100mL，三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.18g,15mmol)，再加入8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(3.83g,10mmol)，室温下反应24h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物9(4.98g,69％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.26-4.19(m,0.5H),4.12(m,2H),4.09-4.02(m,2H),3.65(m,0.5H),2.98(m,0.5H),2.59(m,0.5H),2.51-2.35(m,4H),2.30(m,3H),1.98-1.89(m,1H),1.89-1.72(m,3H),1.72-1.53(m,9H),1.51-1.34(m,10H),1.34-1.16(m,42H),0.92-0.79(m,9H).
LCMS:723.1[M+H]+。
实施例7：化合物10的合成
步骤1)：油酸-8-溴辛酯的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛醇(20.9g,100mmol)，油酸(28.5g,100mmol)，二氯甲烷100mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(23.0g,120mmol)，4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.61g,5mmol)，N,N-二异丙基乙胺(25.8g,200mmol)室温下反应2h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(正己烷：乙酸乙酯＝10：1至3：1)得到油酸-8-溴辛酯(37.4g,79％)。
步骤2)：油酸-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酯(中间体化合物II-10)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入油酸-8-溴壬酯(4.73g,10mmol)，3-氨基环己醇(11.5g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到油酸-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酯(3.2g,63％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.41-5.29(m,2H),4.19(m,0.5H),4.05(t,2H),3.92(m,0.5H),3.20(m,0.5H),3.00(m,0.5H),2.81-2.67(m,2H),2.29(t,2H),2.02(m,3H),1.93-1.79(m,2H),1.69-1.56(m,11H),1.36-1.20(m,30H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:508.7[M+H]+。
步骤3)：化合物10的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入2-己基癸酸-(6-氧代己基)酯(3.55g,10mmol)，二氯乙烷100mL，三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.18g,15mmol)，再加入油酸-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酯(5.08g,10mmol)，室温下反应24h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物10(6.26g,74％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.41-5.31(m,2H),4.24(m,0.5H), 4.06(m,4H),3.70-3.60(m,0.5H),3.03-2.92(m,0.5H),2.57(m,0.5H),2.49-2.36(m,4H),2.30(m,3H),2.01(m,3H),1.98-1.90(m,2H),1.85(m,1H),1.82-1.74(m,1H),1.61(m,9H),1.45-1.38(m,6H),1.33-1.20(m,56H),0.88(m,9H).
LCMS:847.3[M+H]+。
实施例8：化合物12的合成
步骤1)：(6Z,9Z)-二烯-十八烷-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酯(中间体化合物II-12)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入(6Z,9Z)-二烯-十八烷-8-溴辛酸酯(4.71g,10mmol)，3-氨基环己醇(11.5g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到(6Z,9Z)-二烯-十八烷-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸酯(3.3g,66％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.43-5.28(m,4H),4.18(m,0.5H),4.07-4.03(m,2H),3.95(m,0.5H),3.22(m,0.5H),3.04(m,0.5H),2.82-2.69(m,4H),2.31-2.23(m,2H),2.09-2.01(m,4H),1.85(m,1H),1.76-1.56(m,10H),1.40-1.26(m,23H),0.92-0.84(t,3H).
LCMS:506.7[M+H]+。
步骤2)：化合物12的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物12，只是用(6Z,9Z)-二烯-十八烷-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酯替代原中间体化合物油酸-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酯。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.43-5.28(m,4H),4.24(m,0.5H),4.06(m,4H),3.63(m,0.5H),2.98(m,0.5H),2.77(t,2H),2.55(m,0.5H),2.45(m,4H),2.30(m,3H),2.10-2.01(m,4H),1.88-1.73(m,3H),1.66-1.53(m,10H),1.35-1.16(m,55H),0.88(m,9H).
LCMS:845.1[M+H]+。
实施例9：化合物14的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入2-己基癸酸-(6-氧代己基)酯(3.55g,10mmol)，二氯乙烷100mL，三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.18g,15mmol)，再加入3-氨基环己醇(0.57g,5mmol)，室温下反应24h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物14(2.81g,71％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.32-4.20(m,0.5H),4.13-4.03(m,4H),3.71-3.61(m,0.5H),3.02(m,0.5H),2.59(m,0.5H),2.48(m,4H),2.37-2.29(m,2H),1.91-1.75(m,2H),1.74-1.56(m,10H),1.51-1.36(m,14H),1.36-1.21(m,46H),0.90(m,12H).
LCMS:793.2[M+H]+。
实施例10：化合物15的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物15，只是用7-十五 烷基6-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸酯替代原中间体化合物油酸-8-((3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酯。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.94-4.80(m,1H),4.23(m,0.5H),4.08(t,2H),3.72-3.62(m,0.5H),3.00(m,0.5H),2.55(m,0.5H),2.50-2.37(m,4H),2.35-2.25(m,3H),1.90-1.75(m,2H),1.73-1.57(m,9H),1.51(m,4H),1.44(m,7H),1.39(m,2H),1.36-1.21(m,46H),0.90(m,12H).
LCMS:779.2[M+H]+。
实施例11：化合物16的合成
步骤1)：8-((3-甲氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(中间体化合物II-16)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.49g,10mmol)，3-甲氧基环己胺(12.9g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到8-((3-甲氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(2.35g,59％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.07(t,2H),3.64(s,0.5H),3.36(s,1.5H),3.35(m,0.5H),3.29(s,1.5H),3.28-3.23(m,0.5H),3.18(s,0.5H),3.00-2.89(m,2H),2.30(t,2H),2.07-2.02(m,4H),1.92-1.84(m,2H),1.69(m,3H),1.67-1.58(m,4H),1.40-1.23(m,18H),0.94-0.82(m,3H).
LCMS:398.5[M+H]+。
步骤2)：化合物16的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-((3-甲氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(400mg,1mmol)，8-溴辛酸-1-辛基壬酯(554mg,1.2mmol)，乙腈20mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol)，碘化钾(166mg,1mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到化合物16(552mg,71％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.93-4.77(m,1H),4.05(t,2H),3.62(m,0.5H),3.36(s,1.5H),3.29(s,1.5H),3.15-3.07(m,0.5H),2.86(m,0.5H),2.55(t,0.5H),2.43(m,4H),2.32-2.24(m,4H),2.07-1.99(m,1H),1.85-1.69(m,2H),1.62(m,6H),1.53-1.48(m,4H),1.45-1.39(m,4H),1.36-1.24(m,54H),0.90-0.85(m,9H).
LCMS:779.1[M+H]+。
实施例12：化合物19的合成
步骤1)：8-((3-乙酰氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(中间体化合物II-19)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.49g,10mmol)，3-乙酰氧基环己胺(15.7g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到8-((3-乙酰氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(2.76g,65％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.23(m,0.5H),4.76-4.67(m,0.5H),4.09(t,2H),3.30(m,0.5H),3.05(m,0.5H),3.01-2.86(m,3H),2.45-2.38(m,1H),2.32(t,2H),2.12(m,1H),2.10(s,1.5H),2.08(s,1.5H),2.05(m,1H),1.97-1.91(m,1H),1.77(m,3H),1.71(m,3H),1.68-1.60(m,5H),1.41-1.22(m,16H),0.92(t,3H).
LCMS:426.4[M+H]+。
步骤2)：化合物19的合成
以与实施例11步骤2)类似的方式合成化合物19，只是用8-((3-乙酰氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯替代原中间体化合物8-((3-甲氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.16(m,0.5H),4.91-4.81(m,1H),4.69(m,0.5H),4.05(t,2H),2.86(m 0.5H),2.64-2.50(m,0.5H),2.45-2.32(m,4H),2.32-2.22(m,4H),2.04(s,1.5H),2.03(s,1.5H),1.93(m,1H),1.84-1.75(m,1H),1.74-1.69(m,1H),1.66-1.58(m,7H),1.49(m,4H),1.37(m,4H),1.34-1.21(m,52H),0.90-0.85(m,9H).
LCMS:806.7[M+H]+。
实施例13：化合物20的合成
步骤1)：3-((8-(壬氧基)-8-氧代辛基)氨基)环己烷-1-羧酸甲酯(中间体化合物II-20)的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.49g,10mmol)，3-氨基环己烷羧酸甲酯(15.7g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到3-((8-(壬氧基)-8-氧代辛基)氨基)环己烷-1-羧酸甲酯(2.85g,67％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.05(t,2H),3.70(m,2H),3.67(s,3H),3.00-2.80(m,3H),2.41(m,1H),2.35(m,1H),2.32-2.26(t,2H),2.23-2.15(m,1H),2.01(m,1H),1.94-1.89(m,1H),1.86-1.75(m,2H),1.69-1.57(m,3H),1.40-1.19(m,18H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:426.4[M+H]+。
步骤2)：化合物20的合成
以与实施例11步骤2)类似的方式合成化合物20，只是用3-((8-(壬氧基)-8-氧代辛基)氨基)环己烷-1-羧酸甲酯替代原中间体化合物8-((3-甲氧基环己基)氨基)辛酸壬酯。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.95-4.78(m,1H),4.05(t,2H),3.67(s,3H),2.55-2.45(m,1H),2.45-2.34(m,4H),2.32-2.24(m,5H),1.99(m,1H),1.94-1.82(m,2H),1.74(m,1H),1.65-1.58(m,6H),1.57-1.45(m,4H),1.43-1.19(m,56H),0.88(m,9H).
LCMS:806.8[M+H]+。
实施例14化合物(I-6-II)的合成
往250ml单口瓶中加入9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯8g(17.3mmol)，(1S,3R)-3-氨基环己醇10g(76.5mmol)和100ml乙醇，置于50℃下反应15h，原料9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯反应完全。旋蒸除去溶剂后，所得粗品加入200ml EA，用水100ml洗涤两次，将(1S,3R)-3-氨基环己醇彻底洗掉，旋干EA相得到化合物(6-VII-I)9-十七烷基-8-(((1R,3S)-3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸酯粗品。粗品经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到6.77g化合物(6-VII-I)，纯度99.2％，收率78.6％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.91-4.81(m,1H),3.86-3.82(m,1H),2.84-2.81(m,1H),2.69-2.54(qt,J＝11.2,7.3Hz,2H),2.29-2.26(t,J＝7.5Hz,2H),1.93-1.86(m,1H),1.77-1.74(d,J＝12.0Hz,1H),1.72-1.57 (m,6H),1.54-1.45(m,6H),1.37-1.30(m,8H),1.30-1.22(m,24H),0.88(t,J＝7.0Hz,6H).
LCMS：496.7[M+H]+。
取上述化合物(6-VII-I)6g(12.1mmol)于250ml单口瓶中，加入90ml乙腈和60ml环戊甲醚，再加入6.7g碳酸钾粉末(48.4mmol)，2g碘化钾(12.1mmol)及5g 8-溴辛酸壬酯(17.5mmol)，置于90℃下反应24h，原料化合物(6-VII-I)反应完全，移出油浴待反应降至室温后抽滤除去固体，旋干滤液得到粗产品，最后经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到5.67g化合物(I-6-II)，纯度98.6％，收率61.4％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.93-4.84(m,1H),4.09(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.68-3.61(m,1H),2.62-2.54(m,1H),2.53-2.41(m,4H),2.31-2.26(q,J＝7.4Hz,4H),1.97(m,1H),1.91-1.78(m,2H),1.71-1.61(m,7H),1.54(d,J＝6.0Hz,4H),1.43-1.37(m,4H),1.39-1.23(m,52H),0.91(m,9H).
比旋度：+4.3°
LCMS：765.2[M+H]+。
实施例15化合物(I-6-III)的合成
往100ml单口瓶中加入2g 9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯(4.3mmol)，(1S,3S)-3-氨基环己醇2.5g(20.2mmol)和20ml乙醇，置于50℃下反应15h，原料9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯反应完全。旋蒸除去溶剂后，所得粗品加入50ml EA，用水25ml洗涤两次，将(1S,3S)-3-氨基环己醇彻底洗掉，旋干EA相得到化合物(6-VII-II)9-十七烷基-8-(((1S,3S)-3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸酯粗品。粗品经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到1.63g化合物(6-VII-II)，纯度98.5％，收率75.5％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.91-4.82(m,1H),4.16-4.10(m,1H),2.96-2.87(m,1H),2.65-2.55(qt,J＝11.2,7.3Hz,2H),2.28-2.26(t,J＝7.5Hz,2H),1.93-1.77(m,4H),1.67-1.55(m,6H),1.54-1.45(m,6H),1.33-1.31(m,6H),1.30-1.22(m,24H),0.88(t,J＝7.0Hz,6H).
LCMS：496.7[M+H]+。
取上述化合物(6-VII-II)1.5g(3.0mmol)于100ml单口瓶中，加入25ml乙腈和15ml环戊甲醚，再加入1.67g碳酸钾粉末(12mmol)，0.5g碘化钾(3mmol)及1.26g 8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.6mmol)，置于90℃下反应24h，原料化合物(6-VII-II)反应完全，移出油浴待反应降至室温后抽滤除去固体，旋干滤液得到粗产品，最后经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到1.37g化合物(I-6-III)，纯度99.3％，收率59.5％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.91-4.80(m,1H),4.28-4.22(m,1H),4.06-4.04(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.03-2.97(m,1H),2.47-2.41(m,4H),2.33-2.25(q,J＝7.5Hz,4H),1.89-1.85(d,J＝12.1Hz,1H),1.80-1.77(t,J＝12.2Hz,1H),1.73-1.65(m,2H),1.64-1.59(m,6H),1.54-1.48(m,4H),1.48-1.39(m,4H),1.34-1.29(m,14H),1.29-1.23(m,38H),0.89-0.87(m,9H).
比旋度：-12.9°
LCMS:765.2[M+H]+。
实施例16化合物(I-6-IV)的合成
往100ml单口瓶中加入2g 9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯(4.3mmol)，(1R,3R)-3-氨基环己醇2.5g(20.2mmol)和20ml乙醇，置于50℃下反应15h，原料9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯反应完全。旋蒸除去溶剂后，所得粗品加入50ml EA，用水25ml洗涤两次，将(1R,3R)-3-氨基环己醇彻 底洗掉，旋干EA相得到化合物(6-VII-III)9-十七烷基-8-(((1R,3R)-3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸酯粗品。粗品经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到1.58g化合物(6-VII-III)，纯度99.2％，收率73.2％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.91-4.81(m,1H),4.17-4.08(m,1H),2.94-2.84(m,1H),2.64-2.5(qt,J＝11.2,7.3Hz,2H),2.28-2.26(t,J＝7.5Hz,2H),1.88-1.76(m,2H),1.75-1.54(m,8H),1.54-1.40(m,6H),1.33-1.3(m,6H),1.30-1.23(m,24H),0.88(t,J＝7.0Hz,6H).
LCMS:496.7[M+H]+。
取上述化合物(6-VII-III)1.5g(3.0mmol)于100ml单口瓶中，加入25ml乙腈和15ml环戊甲醚，再加入1.67g碳酸钾粉末(12mmol)，0.5g碘化钾(3mmol)及1.26g 8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.6mmol)，置于90℃下反应24h，原料化合物(6-VII-III)反应完全，移出油浴待反应降至室温后抽滤除去固体，旋干滤液得到粗品，最后经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到1.29g化合物(I-6-IV)，纯度98.6％，收率55.8％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.89-4.82(m,1H),4.24-4.22(m,1H),4.06-4.04(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.00-2.95(m,1H),2.47-2.36(m,4H),2.30-2.26(q,J＝7.5Hz,4H),1.86-1.84(d,J＝12.1Hz,1H),1.79-1.77(t,J＝12.2Hz,1H),1.70-1.66(m,2H),1.65-1.57(m,6H),1.53-1.48(m,4H),1.45-1.38(m,4H),1.35-1.30(m,14H),1.29-1.22(m,38H),0.89-0.87(m,9H).
比旋度：+12.6°
LCMS:765.2[M+H]+。
实施例17化合物(I-6-V)的合成
往250ml单口瓶中加入8g 9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯(17.3mmol)，(1R,3S)-3-氨基环己醇10g(76.5mmol)和100ml乙醇，置于50℃下反应15h，原料9-十七烷基-8-溴辛酸酯反应完全。旋蒸除去溶剂后，所得粗品加入200ml EA，用水100ml洗涤两次，将(1R,3S)-3-氨基环己醇彻底洗掉，旋干EA相得到化合物(6-VII-IV)9-十七烷基-8-(((1S,3R)-3-羟基环己基)氨基)辛酸酯粗品，粗品经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到6.4g化合物(6-VII-IV)，纯度98.5％，收率74.8％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.90-4.83(m,1H),3.86-3.82(m,1H),2.86-2.82(m,1H),2.69-2.58(qt,J＝11.2,7.3Hz,2H),2.29-2.26(t,J＝7.5Hz,2H),1.94-1.86(m,1H),1.79-1.77(d,J＝12.0Hz,1H),1.74-1.64(m,3H),1.64-1.59(m,3H),1.51-1.46(m,6H),1.36-1.30(m,8H),1.30-1.22(m,24H),0.88(t,J＝7.0Hz,6H).
LCMS:496.7[M+H]+。
取上述化合物(6-VII-IV)6g产品(12.1mmol)于250ml单口瓶中，加入90ml乙腈和60ml环戊甲醚，再加入6.7g碳酸钾粉末(48.4mmol)，2g碘化钾(12.1mmol)及5g 8-溴辛酸壬酯(17.4)，置于90℃下反应24h，原料化合物(6-VII-IV)反应完全，移出油浴待反应降至室温后抽滤除去固体，旋干滤液得到粗品，最后经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到5.35g化合物(I-6-V)，纯度99.1％，收率57.9％。
核磁数据：
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ4.90-4.82(m,1H),4.05(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.70-3.60(m,1H),2.64-2.54(m,1H),2.51-2.41(m,4H),2.30-2.26(q,J＝7.5Hz,4H),1.95(m,1H),1.91-1.77(m,2H),1.69-1.56(m,7H),1.50(d,J＝6.0Hz,4H),1.41-1.37(m,4H),1.34-1.18(m,52H),0.88(m,9H).
比旋度：-4.5°
LCMS:765.2[M+H]+。
实施例18化合物4的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物4。由化合物中间体II-4(184mg，0.50mmol)和9-十七烷基-8-氧代辛酸酯(296mg)，合成得到化合物4(152mg，收率40.75％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.89-4.84(m,1H),4.44-4.38(m,0.5H),4.27-4.19(m,0.5H),4.05(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.53-3.41(m,0.5H),3.24-3.14(m,0.5H),2.76(t,J＝6.0Hz,2H),2.72-2.63(t,J＝6.0Hz,2H),2.33-2.24(m,4H),2.21-2.00(m,2H),1.91-1.74(m,2H),1.72-1.45(m,15H),1.39-1.19(m,49H),0.88(m,9H).
LC-MS：751.2[M+H]+.
实施例19化合物5的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物5。由化合物中间体II-5(150mg，0.38mmol)和9-十七烷基-8-氧代辛酸酯(225mg)，合成得到250mg化合物5，收率81.9％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.93-4.81(m,1H),4.44-4.36(m,0.5H),4.29-4.20(m,0.5H),4.10-4.01(m,2H),3.54-3.42(m,0.5H), 3.24-3.08(m,0.5H),2.73(m,3H),2.36-2.25(m,4H),2.17-2.08(m,1H),2.08-2.00(m,1H),1.95-1.75(m,2H),1.71-1.57(m,8H),1.57-1.42(m,8H),1.40-1.18(m,49H),0.88(m,9H).
LC-MS:751.0[M+H]+.
实施例20化合物11的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物11。由化合物中间体II-11(140mg，0.28mmol)和9-十七烷基-8-氧代辛酸酯(146mg)，合成得到96mg化合物5，收率42.5％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.37-5.29(m,2H),4.21-4.19(m,0.5H),4.02-4.00(m,4H),3.67-3.60(m,0.5H),2.99-2.91(m,0.5H),2.57-2.53(m,0.5H),2.46-2.34(m,4H),2.29-2.25(m,3H),2.01-1.97(m,3H),1.96-1.88(m,2H),1.83-1.80(m,1H),1.79-1.72(m,1H),1.58-1.52(m,9H),1.43-1.35(m,6H),1.31-1.18(m,56H),0.87-0.84(m,9H).
LC-MS:847.3[M+H]+.
实施例21化合物18的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物18。由化合物中间体II-18(120mg，0.31mmol)和9-十七烷基-8-氧代辛酸酯(185mg)，合成得到177mg化合物18，收率74.4％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.04-5.02(m,0.5H),4.96-5.04(m,0.5H),4.95-4.81(m,1H),4.30-4.12(m,0.5H),4.08-4.06(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.72-3.61(m,0.5H),2.98-2.96(m,0.5H),2.64-2.52(m,0.5H),2.48-2.37(m,4H),2.31-2.29(m,4H),1.93-1.81(m,2H),1.72-1.57(m,8H),1.52-1.50(m,4H),1.43-1.18(m,55H),0.91-0.87(m,9H).
LC-MS:767.3[M+H]+.
实施例22化合物21的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物21。由化合物中间体II-21(400mg，0.86mmol)和9-十七烷基-8-氧代辛酸酯(510mg)，合成得到100mg化合物18，收率13.8％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.90-4.81(m,1H),4.06-4.04(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.26-3.22(dq,J＝8.9,6.9Hz,2H),2.66-2.55(m,1H),2.53-2.35(m,4H),2.30-2.26(q,J＝7.5Hz,4H),2.12-2.04(m,1H),1.95-1.93(m,1H),1.90-1.85(m,1H),1.78-1.70(m,2H),1.66-1.57(m,6H),1.55-1.45(m,6H),1.43-1.38(m,5H),1.37-1.20(m,54H),0.94-0.90(t,J＝6.0Hz,3H),0.88-0.86(m,9H).
LC-MS:848.3[M+H]+.
实施例23化合物22的合成
以与实施例7步骤3)类似的方式合成化合物22。由化合物中间体II-22(300mg，0.71mmol)和9-十七烷基-8-氧代辛酸酯(422mg)，合成得到266mg化合物18，收率46.8％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.884.80(m,1H),4.03-3.98(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.96-3.94(m,1H),2.49-2.32(m,4H),2.28-2.23(m,4H),2.09-2.01(m,1H),1.93-1.91(m,1H),1.88-1.83(m,1H),1.76-1.68(m,2H),1.64-1.53(m,6H),1.53-1.43(m,6H),1.40-1.35(m,5H),1.34-1.16(m,52H),0.84-0.81(m,9H).
LC-MS:806.1[M+H]+.
对比例：
对比例1：对比化合物1的合成
步骤1)：8-((2-羟基环戊基)氨基)辛酸壬酯的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸壬酯(3.50g,10mmol)，2-氨基环戊醇(10.12g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到8-((2-羟基环戊基)氨基)辛酸壬酯(2.29g,62％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.07(t,2H),4.01-3.94(q,1H),2.91 (q,1H),2.72(m,1H),2.63(m,1H),2.31(t,2H),2.09-1.97(m,2H),1.72(m,2H),1.67-1.59(m,4H),1.56(m,3H),1.45-1.38(m,1H),1.38-1.22(m,18H),0.90(t,3H).
LCMS:370.3[M+H]+。
步骤2)：对比化合物1的合成
以与实施例1步骤3)类似的方式合成对比化合物1，只是用中间体化合物8-((2-羟基环戊基)氨基)辛酸壬酯替代原中间体化合物8-((3-羟基环丁基)氨基)辛酸壬酯。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.91-4.80(q,1H),4.05(t,2H),3.92(q,1H),2.85(q,1H),2.50(m,2H),2.44-2.35(m,2H),2.28(q,4H),1.95-1.87(m,2H),1.83(br,2H),1.75-1.66(m,2H),1.64-1.56(m,6H),1.55-1.47(m,5H),1.47-1.38(m,5H),1.36-1.18(m,46H),0.88(m,9H).
LCMS:750.9[M+H]+。
对比例2：对比化合物2的合成
对比化合物2
对比化合物2按照中国专利CN110520409A中所述的化合物22的合成方法进行制备。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.10-4.07(t,2H),3.26-3.20(m,1H),2.85-2.79(m,1H),2.54-2.48(m,1H),2.34-2.30(t,2H),2.28-2.19(m,1H),2.15-2.01(m,2H),1.75(m,2H),1.69-1.58(m,4H),1.58-1.46(m,2H),1.41-1.25(m,20H),0.91(t,3H).
LCMS:765.0[M+H]+。
对比例3：对比化合物3的合成
步骤1)：6-((2-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-溴己酸十一烷基酯(3.50g,10mmol)，2-氨基环己醇(11.5g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到6-((2-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(2.57g,67％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.05(t,2H),3.31-3.20(m,1H),2.90-2.75(m,1H),2.53(m,1H),2.35-2.26(m,3H),2.13-2.01(m,2H),1.80-1.68(m,2H),1.67-1.58(m,4H),1.57-1.46(m,2H),1.44-1.34(m,2H),1.34-1.15(m,20H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:384.4[M+H]+。
步骤2)：对比化合物3的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-((2-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(383mg,1mmol)，8-溴辛酸1-辛基壬酯(554mg,1.2mmol)，乙腈20mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol)，碘化钾(166mg,1mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到对比化合物3(550mg,72％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.86(m,1H),4.05(t,2H),3.39-3.21(m,1H),2.55-2.43(m,2H),2.35-2.23(m,6H),2.10(m,1H),1.76(m,2H),1.70(m,1H),1.67-1.57(m,6H),1.49(m,6H),1.38-1.19(m,55H),0.88(m,9H).
LCMS:765.0[M+H]+。
对比例4：对比化合物4的合成
在250mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-氧代己酸-7-十五烷基酯(3.40g,10mmol)，二氯乙烷100mL，三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.18g,15mmol)，再加入2-氨基环己醇(0.57g,5mmol)，室温下反应24h，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到对比化合物4(2.67g,70％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.91-4.80(m,2H),3.28(m,1H),2.48(m,2H),2.30(m,6H),2.24(m,1H),2.11(m,1H),1.75(m,2H),1.68(m,1H),1.66-1.60(m,4H),1.48(m,10H),1.44-1.07(m,50H),0.88(t,12H).
LCMS:765.2[M+H]+。
对比例5：对比化合物5的合成(SM102)
对比化合物5按照中国专利CN110520409A中所述化合物25的合成方法进行制备。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.86-4.74(m,1H),3.99(t,2H),3.46(t,2H),2.51(t,2H),2.39(q,4H),2.26-2.18(m,4H),1.62-1.52(m,6H),1.47-1.36(m,8H),1.28-1.14(m,48H),0.81(m,9H).
LCMS:711.0[M+H]+。
对比例6：对比化合物6的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-溴辛酸壬烷基酯(3.50g,10mmol)，对氨基环己醇(11.5g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到8-((4-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸壬烷基酯(2.65g,69％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.05(t,2H),3.96-3.90(m,0.5H),3.67-3.57(m,0.5H),2.75-2.67(t,2H),2.66(m,0.5H),2.54(m,0.5H),2.28(t,2H),2.03-1.96(m,1H),1.86-1.78(m,1H),1.78-1.71(m,3H),1.66-1.50(m,7H),1.40-1.20(m,20H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:384.4[M+H]+。
步骤2)：对比化合物6的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入8-((4-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸壬烷基酯(383mg,1mmol)，8-溴辛酸1-辛基壬酯(554mg,1.2mmol)，乙腈20mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol)，碘化钾(166mg,1mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到对比化合物6(535mg,70％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.90-4.82(m,1H),4.05(t,2H), 3.99(m,0.5H),3.59-3.51(m,0.5H),2.47(m,0.5H),2.45-2.42(m,3H),2.39-2.32(m,1.5H),2.28(m,4H),2.01(m,1H),1.82(m,1H),1.76(m,1H),1.68-1.58(m,7H),1.52(m,4H),1.43-1.36(m,4H),1.36-1.20(m,52H),0.88(m,9H).
LCMS:765.0[M+H]+。
对比例7：对比化合物7的合成
步骤1)：6-((4-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-溴己酸十一烷基酯(3.50g,10mmol)，对氨基环己醇(11.5g,100mmol)，乙醇30mL，搅拌溶解后，再加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.58g,20mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后，使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到6-((4-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(2.57g,67％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.05(t,2H),3.94(m,0.5H),3.62(m,0.5H),2.73(t,2H),2.70-2.65(m,0.5H),2.59-2.51(m,0.5H),2.30(t,2H),1.99(m,1H),1.85-1.80(m,1H),1.80-1.73(m,3H),1.66-1.50(m,7H),1.39-1.21(m,20H),0.88(t,3H).
LCMS:384.4[M+H]+。
步骤2)：对比化合物7的合成
在100mL的反应瓶中依次加入6-((4-羟基环己基)氨基)己酸十一烷基酯(383mg,1mmol)，8-溴辛酸1-辛基壬酯(554mg,1.2mmol)，乙腈20mL,搅拌溶解后，再加入碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol)，碘化钾(166mg,1mmol)，室温下反应24h，加入二氯甲烷100mL，水洗3次后， 使用无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后，使用快速柱层析系统纯化(二氯甲烷：甲醇＝20：1至5：1)得到对比化合物7(550mg,72％)。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ4.93-4.83(m,1H),4.07(t,2H),3.99(m,0.5H),3.63-3.49(m,0.5H),2.52(m,0.5H),2.49-2.44(m,3H),2.40(m,1.5H),2.30(m,4H),2.02(m,1H),1.85(m,1H),1.78(m,1H),1.69-1.60(m,7H),1.53(m,4H),1.46-1.39(m,4H),1.35-1.23(m,52H),0.90(m,9H).
LCMS:765.2[M+H]+。
生物试验
本公开生物实验中使用到的Lipid：MC3、SM102、ALC-0315结构如下所示：
其中，MC3、ALC-0315可市购获得，也可以按照本领域公知技术制备获得。
脂质纳米颗粒的制备：
制剂方法一：将本公开中所述的氨基脂质化合物与DOPE,胆固醇，PEG2000-DMG按摩尔比为45:10:42.5:2.5的比例混合溶解在无水乙醇中。使用微量注射泵，控制其配比为乙醇溶液与醋酸钠溶液(50mM,pH＝4.0)的比例为1:3，在微流道芯片中制得脂质纳米颗粒的粗溶液， 再使用透析盒(Fisher，MWCO 20,000)在1X PBS、控温4℃下透析6h，使用前用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
制剂方法二：氨基脂质化合物与DSPC,胆固醇，PEG2000-DMG的摩尔比为50:10:38.5:1.5，制备方法同方法一。
将上述按照制剂方法一或二中制得的脂质纳米颗粒用于下文所述的荧光素酶mRNA(Fluc mRNA)体内递送性能评价的生物实验。在制剂方法一中得到的脂质纳米颗粒中的氨基脂质化合物与荧光素酶mRNA的质量比约为10:1，以皮下给药方式施用；在制剂方法二中得到的脂质纳米颗粒以尾静脉和肌注的给药方式施用。
试验例1：由本公开所述的氨基脂质化合物制备的脂质纳米颗粒的荧光素酶mRNA体内递送性能评价
动物准备：选取6周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠，体重在20g左右，饲养环境为SPF级的饲养室，动物试验严格按照国家健康机构的指南以及动物伦理要求进行。
体内递送：每组随机选取9只小鼠，按0.5mg/kg的用量，分别使用皮下、肌注和尾静脉三种给药方法注射脂质纳米颗粒(每种给药方式三只)。12小时后，分别往每只小鼠体内通过尾静脉注射200μL 10mg/mL的D-荧光素钾盐，10分钟后，将小鼠放置于活体成像系统(IVIS-200,Xenogen)下，观察每只小鼠总的萤光强度，并拍照记录下来。代表性氨基脂质化合物以三种给药方式递送Fluc mRNA的表达强度见表2-4。MC3作为对照。SM102为对比化合物。
表2：代表性氨基脂质化合物皮下给药递送Fluc mRNA的表达强度。


表3：代表性氨基脂质化合物肌注给药递送Fluc mRNA的表达强度。

表4：代表性氨基脂质化合物尾静脉给药递送Fluc mRNA的表达强度。

试验例2：由本公开所述的氨基脂质化合物制备的脂质纳米颗粒的卵清蛋白mRNA体内递送及免疫性能评价
脂质纳米颗粒的制备：
制剂方法：将本公开式(I)的氨基脂质化合物与DOPE,胆固醇，PEG2000-DMG的摩尔比为50:10:38.5:1.5的比例混合溶解在无水乙 醇中。卵清蛋白mRNA(OVA mRNA)溶解在醋酸钠溶液(50mM,pH＝4.0)中。使用微量注射泵，控制其配比为乙醇溶液与醋酸钠溶液(50mM,pH＝4.0)的比例为1：3，在微流道芯片中制得脂质纳米颗粒的粗溶液，再使用透析盒(Fisher，MWCO 20,000)在1X PBS、控温4℃下透析6h，使用前用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
所得脂质纳米颗粒中氨基脂质化合物与卵清蛋白mRNA(OVA mRNA)的质量比约为10:1。
动物准备：选取6周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠，体重在20g左右，饲养环境为SPF级的饲养室，动物试验严格按照国家健康机构的指南以及动物伦理要求进行。
体内递送：每组随机选取3只小鼠，按0.5mg/kg的用量，使用腿部肌肉注射脂质纳米颗粒(Day 0)。7天后，使用相同的量再加强一次(Day 7)。在第21天尾静脉取血进行血清学分析。MC3作为对照。
酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)：对平底96孔板(Nunc)进行预涂在50mM碳酸盐缓冲液中，OVA蛋白的浓度为每孔0.5μg蛋白(pH 9.6)在4℃过夜，然后用5％甘氨酸封闭。抗血清从免疫动物中获得的蛋白质从102稀释至106PBS-0.05％Tween(PBS-T)，pH 7.4，并添加到孔中并在室温下孵育在37℃下放置1小时。辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)偶联的山羊抗小鼠IgG在PBS-T-1％BSA中以1：10,000的稀释度进行标记。添加HRP基板后，在一个波长下确定光密度ELISA酶标仪(Bio-Rad)中检测450nm下的吸光度。
试验结果如图1所示，Lipid2(化合物2)与MC3和SM102所产生的IgG抗体滴定相当，而其它化合物的IgG抗体滴定显著优于对照组。需要指出的是，Lipid7(化合物7)的蛋白表达水平与SM102相当，却能激起更强的免疫反应。
由此可见，本公开提供的氨基脂质化合物具有优异的免疫活性，同时兼具强力的佐剂效应。
试验例3：由本公开所述的氨基脂质化合物制备的脂质纳米颗粒的流感mRNA疫苗体内递送及免疫性能评价
制剂方法：将本公开式(I)的氨基脂质化合物与DSPC、胆固醇、PEG2000-DMG按照摩尔比为45:10:42.5:2.5的比例混合溶解在无水乙醇中。表达流感的mRNA溶解在醋酸钠溶液(50mM,pH＝4.0)中。 使用微量注射泵，控制其配比为乙醇溶液与醋酸钠溶液(50mM,pH＝4.0)的比例为1：3，在微流道芯片中制得脂质纳米颗粒的粗溶液，再使用透析盒(Fisher，MWCO 20,000)在1X PBS、控温4℃下透析6h，使用前用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤。
所得脂质纳米颗粒中氨基脂质化合物与流感mRNA(OVA mRNA)的质量比约为10:1。
动物准备：选取6周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠，体重在20g左右，饲养环境为SPF级的饲养室，动物试验严格按照国家健康机构的指南以及动物伦理要求进行。
体内递送：每组随机选取3只小鼠，按0.5mg/kg的用量，使用背部皮下给药脂质纳米颗粒(Day 0)。7天后，使用相同的量再加强一次(Day 7)。在第21天尾静脉取血进行血清学分析。MC3作为对照。
酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)：测定方法如试验例2。
试验结果如图2所示，其中，MC3对照组IgG抗体滴定最低，Lipid10(化合物10)与SM102所产生的IgG抗体滴定相当，而其它化合物的IgG抗体滴定显著优于对照组，同样显示出本公开提供的氨基脂质化合物具有优异的免疫活性，同时兼具强力的佐剂效应。
试验例4：由本公开所述的氨基脂质化合物使用制剂方法一制备的脂质纳米颗粒的稳定性能评价
脂质纳米颗粒的制备：使用制剂方法一制备LNP，作为皮下的给药方式。
脂质纳米颗粒的表征：所制备的脂质纳米颗粒的粒径和PDI通过Nano-ZSZEN3600(Malvern)测定。取LNP溶液40uL进行粒径测量，循环三次，每次循环30s。
分别在制备当天(week 0),25℃下贮存一周(week 1)、两周(week 2)和四周(week 4)、分别进行粒径检测，并在当天(week 0)和四周(week 4)检测皮下给药递送Fluc mRNA的表达强度，试验结果如表5所示。
表5：由本公开代表性氨基脂质化合物制备的LNP的DLS表征和Fluc-mRNA皮下表达。
从表5可以看出，试验温度为25℃，在粒径方面，当天(week 0)本公开代表性化合物5、6、7、9和SM102都为较均一的纳米颗粒子，粒径均在100nm左右，PDI均小于0.1，贮存四周后，粒径均有所增加，其中，SM102的粒径增加了一倍多，由120增加到245，而本公开代表性化合物5、6、7、9的粒径未见明显增加；在PDI方面，四周后本公开代表性化合物5、6、7、9的PDI均小于0.1，而SM102的PDI由当天(week 0)0.05增加到(week 4)0.28；在Fluc表达方面，四周后本公开代表性化合物5、6、7、9的Fluc表达降低不明显，而SM102的Fluc表达明显的降低，由2.1E+07降到3.6E+06，由此可见，本公开所述的氨基脂质化合物具有优异的稳定性。
试验例5：由本公开所述的氨基脂质化合物使用制剂方法二制备的脂质纳米颗粒的活性性能评价
脂质纳米颗粒的制备：使用制剂方法二制备LNP，作为肌注的给药方式。
试验方法同试验例1，试验结果如表6所示：
表6：本公开代表性氨基脂质化合物肌注给药递送Fluc mRNA的表达强度。


由表6可以看出，在其它结构单元相同的情况下，相比于当环烷基结构单元上羟基位于胺取代基的其它取代位置时，当环烷基结构单元上羟基位于胺取代基的间位上时的Fluc mRNA的表达强度更高。具体地，例如本公开代表性化合物6，其Fluc mRNA的表达强度为1.2E+08；相比之下，对比化合物2(与本公开代表性化合物6的区别仅在于环烷基结构单元上的羟基位于胺取代基的相邻位置)的Fluc mRNA的表达强度为2.8E+06；进一步地，对比化合物6(与本公开代表性化合物6的区别仅在于环烷基结构单元上的羟基位于胺取代基的相隔两个碳原子的位置)的Fluc mRNA的表达强度则为1.9E+07。同样的结论可见于例如本公开代表性化合物7与对比化合物3和对比化合物7之间、本公开代表性化合物8与对比化合物4和对比化合物8之间等。由此可见，在其它结构单元相同的情况下，包含环烷基结构单元上取代基位于胺取代基的间位上时的氨基脂质化合物的脂质纳米颗粒的活性性能最高。
试验例6氨基脂质化合物靶向性测试
mRNA脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)制剂的制剂方法：Lipid与DSPC,CHO-HP，M-DMG2000(即PEG2000-DMG)的摩尔比为50:10:38.5:1.5的比例混合溶解在无水乙醇中。mRNA溶解在醋酸钠溶液(0.2M,pH＝5.0)中。采用微流控设备(MPE-L2)及芯片(SN.000035)，以水相：醇相＝9ml/min：3ml/min进行各处方样品的制备，将两相按接口要求注入微流控芯片进行混合，再将药液分别装至100KD透析袋，浸入装有1L透析溶液的烧杯中，用铝箔纸将烧杯包裹并以100rpm转速室温透析1h后，更换透析液继续透析1个小时。
透析液配制：1×PBS+8％蔗糖溶液：取2包1×PBS粉针至烧杯中，用2L DEPC水溶解混匀，继续加入160g蔗糖，混匀即得1×PBS+8％蔗糖溶液。
所得脂质纳米颗粒中mRNA：Lipid的质量比约为1：10。
采用前述mRNA脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)制剂的制备方法，其中mRNA选取编码荧光蛋白的mRNA，Lipid分别选取化合物(I-6-II)、MC3以及SM102，制备得到分别含有化合物(I-6-II)、MC3或SM102的编码荧光蛋白的mRNA-LNP制剂。
试验方法：
各受试制剂采用肌肉注射方式对小鼠进行给药，每只动物注入15ug mRNA制剂样品。注射样品6h后，采用异氟烷吸入麻醉的方式麻醉小鼠，并在腹腔注射200μL D-Luciferin(浓度10mg/ml)荧光素酶显影底物。将动物仰卧位放置，注射底物10min时，在IVIS活体成像系统下观察小鼠体内Luciferase的信号分布及表达强度。通过肌肉注射的动物活体成像显影后，立即解剖，解剖后迅速观察肝脏的荧光。
具体荧光强度数值如下：
含有MC3的编码荧光蛋白的mRNA-LNP制剂：1.23E+05
含有SM102的编码荧光蛋白的mRNA-LNP制剂：3.23E+06
含有化合物(I-6-II))的编码荧光蛋白的mRNA-LNP制剂：2.49E+05
试验结果如图8所示，当使用肌肉注射方式给药，化合物(I-6-II)组的肝脏荧光强度显著低于SM102，编码荧光蛋白的mRNA在重要脏器肝脏的器官分布比较低，表现出良好的局部靶向效果，有效降低肝脏毒性的风险。
试验例7氨基脂质化合物肌肉注射不良反应测试
编码新型冠状病毒S蛋白mRNA-LNP制剂的制备：
采用试验例6中mRNA脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)制剂的制备方法，其中mRNA选取编码新型冠状病毒S蛋白mRNA，Lipid分别选取化合物6、化合物(I-6-II)、ALC-0315、SM102，制备得到分别含有化合物6、化合物(I-6-II)、ALC-0315或SM102的编码新型冠状病毒S蛋白mRNA-LNP制剂。
其中，编码新型冠状病毒S蛋白mRNA的序列为将SEQ ID NO.1中的全部尿嘧啶(u)用N1-甲基假尿苷替代后获得的序列。需要注意的是，根据核苷酸或氨基酸序列表WIPO标准ST.26，序列表中RNA序列SEQ ID NO.1中的t(胸腺嘧啶)实际上是u(尿嘧啶)。
试验方法：
SD大鼠，随机分为4组，雌雄各半，分别为化合物6高剂量组(100μg mRNA/只)、化合物(I-6-II)高剂量组(100μg mRNA/只)、ALC-0315高剂量组(辉瑞疫苗BNT162-b2中的阳离子脂质)(100μg mRNA/只)、SM-102高剂量组(Moderna疫苗mRNA-1273中的阳离子脂质)(100μg mRNA/只)，每组3只/性别，以肌肉注射方式给药，每周1次，连续3周。临床观察注射部位肿胀等异常。
试验结果如图9所示，从图9可以看出，与相同水平已上市mRNA疫苗的阳离子脂质成分相比，化合物(I-6-II)在注射部位的重度肿胀、中度跛行次数上都具有显著的减少或降低，因而可认为具有更高的安全性。
试验例8毒代动力学
空脂质体制剂的制备：
按照摩尔比为49.5:10:39:1.5的比例，称取1.9078g化合物I-6-II、0.3985g DSPC、0.7575g CHO-HP、0.1972g PEG-DMG(平均分子量为2000)，用无水乙醇溶解，并定容至237.5ml，获得醇相。采用微流控设备(MPE-L2)，以醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液(0.2mol/L，pH＝5)为水相，水相：醇相的体积比为3:1，进行混合包封。将包封好的药液，按照TMP为0.2bar，进液流速为300ml/min的参数进行超滤置换，置换所用的透析液含有8mg/ml的氯化钠，0.2mg/ml的氯化钾，0.2mg/ml的磷酸二氢钾，1.15mg/ml的磷酸氢二钠二水合物及80mg/ml的蔗糖。置换后，除菌过滤，获得I-6-II空脂质体制剂。
试验方法：
动物试验共设5组(5只/性别/组)，分组及给药剂量分别为：阴性对照组(0剂/只)、空脂质体低剂量组(1剂/只)及空脂质体高剂量组(4剂/只)，各组动物每2周肌肉注射给药1次，共给药3次，即D1(首次给药当天)、D15(给药后第15天)、D29(给药后第29天)给药。
动物试验共设5组(5只/性别/组)，分组及给药剂量分别为：阴性对照组(0μg化合物I-6-II/只)、空脂质体低剂量组(300μg化合物I-6-II/只)及空脂质体高剂量组(1200μg化合物I-6-II/只)，各组动物每2周肌肉注射给药1次，共给药3次，即D1、D15、D29给药。
阴性对照组于首次(D1)和末次(D29)给药的药前和药后4h，采集动物血样；空脂质体组分别于首次(D1)和末次(D29)给药的药前，药后15min、1h、2h、4h、8h、24h、32h和48h的时间点，采集动物血样。检测食蟹猴血浆中化合物I-6-II的含量，考察各组动物给药后化合物I-6-II在食蟹猴体内的暴露情况。
首次给药(D1)及末次给药(D29)后，空脂质体低、高剂量组动物体内化合物I-6-II的主要TK参数见下表7：
表7空脂质体低、高剂量组动物体内化合物I-6-II的主要TK参数
试验数据表明：
阴性对照组动物首次(D1)及末次(D29)血浆样品中均未检测到I-6-II脂质体。
从表7中可以看出，化合物I-6-II在食蟹猴体内能够快速被清除，其血浆药物浓度半衰期为4.68-6.45小时；动物末次给药(D29)与首次给药(D1)相比，空脂质体各组化合物I-6-II的Cmax比率(D29/D1)在0.58至0.84之间，AUClast比率(D29/D1)在0.68至1.02之间，表明连续给药4周(共3次)后，化合物I-6-II在食蟹猴体内未见蓄积。
综上所述，本公开提供的具有环烷基结构单元且在环烷基的胺取 代基的间位还具有另外的取代基的氨基脂质化合物，可用于递送生物活性剂至细胞中，其相对于现有技术已知类似结构的氨基脂质化合物，具有以下一种或多种优点：良好的递送能力、稳定性好、安全性高，可用于递送生物活性剂(例如核酸)至细胞中，提高其蛋白表达水平，更有效的使机体产生免疫应答；具有优异的靶向性；可以在常温条件下储存、运输及使用。
缩写列表
DIPEA          N,N-二异丙基乙胺
DNA            脱氧核糖核酸
RNA            核糖核酸
DOPE           二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺
DSPC           二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱
PEG2000-DMG    1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-rac-甘油-3-甲氧基聚乙二醇2000
kD             千道尔顿
PBS            磷酸盐缓冲溶液。
对于本领域技术人员来说，很明显，本公开不局限于上述说明性的实施例，并且在不背离本公开实质特性的条件下，其可以通过其它具体形式来具体实施。因此，期望在各方面都认为这些实施例是说明性的和非限制性的，应参照的是附加的权利要求，而不是上述实施例，且由此在权利要求的等效含义和范围内的所有变化都被包括在其中。

Claims (23)

  1. 由以下结构式I表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体：
    其中：
    L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C1-C12亚烷基、C2-C12亚烯基或C2-C12亚炔基；优选地，L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；进一步优选地，L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基；最优选地，L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C5-C8亚烷基；
    G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-、-C(＝O)-S-、-S-C(＝O)-；优选地，G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；最优选地，G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
    R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C5-C27烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C5-C27烯基；优选地，R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基或含有一个或多个双键的C8-C20烯基；进一步优选地，R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基或含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；最优选地，R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自

    R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷基、硝基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；进一步优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；最优选地，R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
    L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；
    G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；
    R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基或含有一个或多个双键的C8-C20烯基；
    R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
    L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C3-C10亚烷基；
    G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
    R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基或含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；
    R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
    L1和L2相同或不同，各自独立地选自C5-C8亚烷基；
    G1或G2相同或不同，各自独立地选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
    R1和R2相同或不同，各自独立地选自
    R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中所述化合物选自：



  6. 具有如下结构的化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐：

  7. 具有选自如下的结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐：


  8. 具有如下结构的化合物、其光学异构体或其药学上可接受的盐：

  9. 脂质纳米颗粒，其中含有权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
  10. 药物组合物，其中含有权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体以及药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
  11. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体、权利要求9所述的脂质纳米颗粒或权利要求10所述的药物组合物在制备药物中的用途，所述药物用于基因治疗、基因疫苗接种、反义治疗或通过干扰RNA进行的治疗。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用途，其中所述基因治疗可用于癌症和遗传疾病的治疗。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的用途，其中所述癌症选自肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、淋巴癌、血癌或前列腺癌中的一种或多种；所述遗传疾病选自血友病，地中海贫血、高雪氏病中的一种或多种。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的用途，其中所述基因疫苗接种用于治疗癌症、过敏、毒性和病原体感染。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的用途，其中所述病原体选自病毒、细菌或真菌中的一种或多种。
  16. 根据权利要求9所述的脂质纳米颗粒或权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体在制备用于核酸转移的药物中的用途，其中所述核酸为RNA、DNA、反义寡核苷酸；优选地，所述RNA选自信使RNA(mRNA)、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、微RNA(miRNA)、转移RNA(tRNA)、小的抑制RNA(siRNA)和小的核RNA(snRNA)；优选地，所述DNA为质粒。
  17. 由以下结构式II表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体 异构体：
    其中：
    L1选自C1-C12亚烷基、C2-C12亚烯基或C2-C12亚炔基；优选地，L1选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；进一步优选地，L1选自C3-C10亚烷基；最优选地，L1选自C5-C8亚烷基；
    G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-、-C(＝O)-S-、-S-C(＝O)-；优选地，G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；最优选地，G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
    R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C5-C27烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C5-C27烯基；优选地，R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C8-C20烯基；进一步优选地，R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基、含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；最优选地，R1选自
    R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷基、硝基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基 氨基；优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；进一步优选地，R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；最优选地，R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
    L1选自C3-C10亚烷基、C3-C10亚烯基或C3-C10亚炔基；
    G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-C(＝O)-、-O-；
    R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C8-C20烷基、含有一个或多个双键的C8-C20烯基；
    R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
    L1选自C3-C10亚烷基；
    G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
    R1选自经其中任意一个碳连接的C9-C17烷基、含有一个或两个双键的C9-C18烯基；
    R3选自卤素、羟基、氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷基羰基氧基、C1-C4烷氧羰基、C1-C4烷基氨基羰基、C1-C4烷基羰基氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  20. 如权利要求17所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中：
    L1选自C5-C8亚烷基；
    G1选自-O-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-；
    R1选自

    R3选自氟、羟基、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧羰基、丁基氨基羰基和乙酰氨基；
    n选自1、2、3。
  21. 如权利要求17所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体，其中所述化合物选自：



  22. 如权利要求17所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐，其中所述化合物选自：

  23. 如权利要求17-22中任一项的化合物在制备如权利要求1-8中任一项定义的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体中的用途。
PCT/CN2023/107940 2022-07-19 2023-07-18 氨基脂质化合物、其制备方法和应用 WO2024017254A1 (zh)

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WO2021030701A1 (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-18 Acuitas Therapeutics, Inc. Improved lipid nanoparticles for delivery of nucleic acids
CN114073677A (zh) * 2020-08-20 2022-02-22 深圳深信生物科技有限公司 一种脂质纳米颗粒
CN114206827A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2022-03-18 苏州艾博生物科技有限公司 脂质纳米颗粒组合物
WO2022152109A2 (en) * 2021-01-14 2022-07-21 Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd. Lipid compounds and lipid nanoparticle compositions
WO2023138611A1 (en) * 2022-01-19 2023-07-27 Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd. Lipid compounds and lipid nanoparticle compositions

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WO2021030701A1 (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-18 Acuitas Therapeutics, Inc. Improved lipid nanoparticles for delivery of nucleic acids
CN114206827A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2022-03-18 苏州艾博生物科技有限公司 脂质纳米颗粒组合物
CN114073677A (zh) * 2020-08-20 2022-02-22 深圳深信生物科技有限公司 一种脂质纳米颗粒
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