WO2024009552A1 - Système de pile à combustible et procédé d'exploitation d'un système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible et procédé d'exploitation d'un système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024009552A1
WO2024009552A1 PCT/JP2023/006931 JP2023006931W WO2024009552A1 WO 2024009552 A1 WO2024009552 A1 WO 2024009552A1 JP 2023006931 W JP2023006931 W JP 2023006931W WO 2024009552 A1 WO2024009552 A1 WO 2024009552A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
oxidizing gas
control valve
gas
line
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PCT/JP2023/006931
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
優人 三谷
弘行 大澤
康 岩井
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三菱重工業株式会社
三菱パワー株式会社
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Publication of WO2024009552A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024009552A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a fuel cell system and a method of operating the fuel cell system.
  • Fuel cells that generate electricity by chemically reacting fuel gas and oxidizing gas have characteristics such as excellent power generation efficiency and environmental friendliness.
  • solid oxide fuel cells (hereinafter referred to as "SOFC”) use ceramics such as zirconia ceramics as the electrolyte, and use hydrogen, city gas, natural gas, petroleum, methanol, and carbon-containing raw materials.
  • Gas such as gasified gas produced by gasification equipment is supplied as a fuel gas and reacted in a high temperature atmosphere of approximately 700° C. to 1000° C. to generate electricity (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an SOFC system that combines an SOFC and a turbocharger.
  • exhaust fuel gas discharged from the SOFC is combusted in a combustor, and the combustion gas is supplied to a turbine to rotationally drive the turbine.
  • a compressor connected to the turbine compresses the oxidizing gas and supplies it to the air electrode.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that in order to create a high-temperature atmosphere in the power generation room when starting up the SOFC, oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode is heated by a startup heater, and fuel gas is supplied to the air electrode. It is disclosed that the power generation chamber is heated by a catalytic reaction.
  • the power generation room is in a low-temperature atmosphere (for example, 400°C to 500°C)
  • the activity of the fuel cell catalyst is low, so the amount of oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode is supplied to the fuel electrode.
  • the amount may be excessive compared to the amount of fuel gas supplied. In this case, combustion in the power generation chamber cannot be sufficiently performed, and the startup time from a low-temperature atmosphere to a high-temperature atmosphere becomes long.
  • a method can be considered to increase the amount of fuel gas supplied to the air electrode to promote the catalytic reaction, but there is a limit to the ability of the catalytic reaction in a low-temperature atmosphere. Therefore, even if the amount of fuel gas supplied to the air electrode is increased, there is a possibility that the temperature of the power generation chamber cannot be raised sufficiently.
  • the amount of unreacted exhaust fuel gas discharged from the air electrode increases by increasing the amount of fuel gas supplied to the air electrode, the number of rotations per unit time of the turbine driven by the exhaust fuel gas and the compressor will increase.
  • the flow rate of oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode increases. Therefore, the amount of oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode becomes excessive with respect to the amount of fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode, and the startup time becomes even longer.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of these circumstances, and it is possible to shorten the startup time required from the start of supply of fuel gas to the fuel electrode until the power generation chamber reaches a predetermined heating state.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system and a method of operating the fuel cell system.
  • a fuel cell system is driven by a fuel cell having an air electrode and a fuel electrode, a turbine to which exhaust fuel gas and exhaust oxidizing gas discharged from the fuel cell are supplied as combustion gas, and the turbine.
  • a turbocharger having a compressor; an oxidizing gas supply line that supplies oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor to the air electrode; a fuel gas line that supplies fuel gas to the fuel electrode; a fuel gas control valve, a heating unit that heats the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas supply line, and a blower that is connected to the oxidizing gas supply line and discharges the oxidizing gas to the outside.
  • the fuel gas control valve and the blow valve are configured to switch the blow valve to a closed state in response to the power generation chamber of the fuel cell reaching a predetermined heating state due to the oxidizing gas heated by the heating section;
  • a method of operating a fuel cell system is a method of operating a fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having an air electrode and a fuel electrode, and exhaust fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell.
  • a turbocharger having a turbine to which exhaust oxidizing gas is supplied as combustion gas and a compressor driven by the turbine; an oxidizing gas supply line supplying the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor to the air electrode; a fuel gas line that supplies fuel gas to the fuel electrode; a fuel gas control valve disposed in the fuel gas line; a heating section that heats the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas supply line; a blow line connected to an oxidizing gas supply line and discharging the oxidizing gas to the outside; and a blow valve disposed in the blow line; opening the blow valve; and opening the blow valve.
  • the method further includes a control step of controlling the blow valve so as to switch the blow valve to a closed state in response to a predetermined heating state due to the oxidizing gas.
  • a fuel cell system and a method for operating the fuel cell system that can shorten the startup time required from the start of supply of fuel gas to the fuel electrode until the power generation chamber reaches a predetermined heating state. can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cell stack according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a SOFC module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a SOFC cartridge according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a control device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 1 is a flowchart showing a method for starting a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a graph showing changes in fuel gas supplied to a catalytic combustor.
  • a cylindrical (cylindrical) cell stack will be explained as an example of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cell stack, but it is not necessarily limited to this, and for example, a flat cell stack may be used. Good too.
  • an electrode fuel electrode 109 or air electrode 113 may be formed thick instead of the base so that it also serves as the base.
  • the fuel electrode 109 may be formed thick and also serve as the base tube, and the use is not limited to the base tube.
  • the base tube in this embodiment is described as having a cylindrical shape, the base tube may be cylindrical, and the cross section is not necessarily limited to a circular shape, and may be, for example, an elliptical shape.
  • a cell stack such as a flat cylinder in which the circumferential side of the cylinder is vertically crushed may also be used.
  • FIG. 1 shows one aspect of the cell stack according to this embodiment.
  • the cell stack 101 includes, for example, a cylindrical base tube 103, a plurality of fuel cells 105 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base tube 103, and an interconnector 107 formed between adjacent fuel cells 105.
  • the fuel cell 105 is formed by stacking a fuel electrode 109, a solid electrolyte membrane 111, and an air electrode 113.
  • the cell stack 101 is connected to the air electrode 113 of the fuel cell 105 that is formed at one end of the plurality of fuel cells 105 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base tube 103 in the axial direction of the base tube 103. , a lead film 115 electrically connected via an interconnector 107, and a lead film 115 electrically connected to the fuel electrode 109 of the fuel cell 105 formed at the other end.
  • the base tube 103 is made of a porous material, such as CaO-stabilized ZrO 2 (CSZ), a mixture of CSZ and nickel oxide (NiO) (CSZ+NiO), or Y 2 O 3- stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ), or The main component is MgAl 2 O 4 etc.
  • the base tube 103 supports the fuel cell 105, the interconnector 107, and the lead membrane 115, and also supplies fuel gas to the inner peripheral surface of the base tube 103 through the pores of the base tube 103.
  • the fuel is diffused into the fuel electrode 109 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the fuel electrode 109.
  • the fuel electrode 109 is made of a composite oxide of Ni and a zirconia-based electrolyte material, and for example, Ni/YSZ is used.
  • the thickness of the fuel electrode 109 is 50 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, and the fuel electrode 109 may be formed by screen printing a slurry.
  • Ni which is a component of the fuel electrode 109, has a catalytic effect on the fuel gas. This catalytic action causes the fuel gas supplied through the base pipe 103, for example, a mixed gas of methane (CH 4 ) and water vapor, to react and reform into hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is something.
  • the fuel electrode 109 transfers hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) obtained by reforming, and oxygen ions (O 2 ⁇ ) supplied via the solid electrolyte membrane 111 to the solid electrolyte membrane 111.
  • This is an electrochemical reaction that occurs near the interface to generate water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the fuel cell 105 generates power using electrons released from oxygen ions at this time.
  • Fuel gases that can be supplied to the fuel electrode 109 of the solid oxide fuel cell include hydrogen (H 2 ), hydrocarbon gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ), city gas, and natural gas.
  • Hydrocarbon gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 )
  • city gas such as city gas
  • natural gas such as natural gas.
  • gasified gas produced from carbon-containing raw materials such as petroleum, methanol, and coal using gasification equipment.
  • the solid electrolyte membrane 111 is mainly made of YSZ, which has airtightness that prevents gas from passing through and high oxygen ion conductivity at high temperatures. This solid electrolyte membrane 111 moves oxygen ions (O 2 ⁇ ) generated at the air electrode 113 to the fuel electrode 109.
  • the thickness of the solid electrolyte membrane 111 located on the surface of the fuel electrode 109 is 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and the solid electrolyte membrane 111 may be formed by screen printing a slurry.
  • the air electrode 113 is made of, for example, a LaSrMnO 3 -based oxide or a LaCoO 3 -based oxide, and a slurry is applied to the air electrode 113 by screen printing or using a dispenser.
  • the air electrode 113 dissociates oxygen in the supplied oxidizing gas such as air near the interface with the solid electrolyte membrane 111 to generate oxygen ions (O 2 ⁇ ).
  • the air electrode 113 can also have a two-layer structure.
  • the air electrode layer (air electrode intermediate layer) on the solid electrolyte membrane 111 side is made of a material that exhibits high ionic conductivity and has excellent catalytic activity.
  • the air cathode layer (air cathode conductive layer) on the air cathode intermediate layer may be composed of a perovskite oxide represented by Sr and Ca-doped LaMnO 3 . By doing so, power generation performance can be further improved.
  • Oxidizing gas is a gas containing about 15% to 30% oxygen, and air is typically preferred, but other gases include a mixture of combustion exhaust gas and air, a mixture of oxygen and air, etc. is available.
  • the interconnector 107 is made of a conductive perovskite oxide represented by M 1-x L x TiO 3 (M is an alkaline earth metal element, L is a lanthanide element) such as SrTiO 3 system, and is made by screen printing a slurry. do.
  • the interconnector 107 is a dense film to prevent fuel gas and oxidizing gas from mixing.
  • the interconnector 107 has stable durability and electrical conductivity under both an oxidizing atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere. This interconnector 107 electrically connects the air electrode 113 of one fuel cell 105 and the fuel electrode 109 of the other fuel cell 105 in the adjacent fuel cells 105, and connects the adjacent fuel cells 105 to each other. are connected in series.
  • the lead film 115 needs to have electronic conductivity and have a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of other materials constituting the cell stack 101. It is composed of M1-xLxTiO 3 (M is an alkaline earth metal element, L is a lanthanide element) such as a composite material or SrTiO 3 system. This lead film 115 guides the DC power generated by the plurality of fuel cells 105 connected in series by the interconnector 107 to near the end of the cell stack 101.
  • M1-xLxTiO 3 M is an alkaline earth metal element, L is a lanthanide element
  • the base tube 103 on which the slurry film of the fuel electrode 109, solid electrolyte membrane 111, and interconnector 107 has been formed is co-sintered in the atmosphere.
  • the sintering temperature is specifically 1350°C to 1450°C.
  • the base tube 103 on which the slurry film of the air electrode 113 is formed is sintered in the atmosphere.
  • the sintering temperature is specifically 1100°C to 1250°C.
  • the sintering temperature here is lower than the co-sintering temperature after forming the base tube 103 to the interconnector 107.
  • FIG. 2 shows one aspect of the SOFC module according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of one aspect of the SOFC cartridge according to the present embodiment.
  • the SOFC module (fuel cell module) 201 includes, for example, a plurality of SOFC cartridges (fuel cell cartridges) 203 and a pressure vessel 205 that accommodates the plurality of SOFC cartridges 203.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a cylindrical SOFC cell stack 101, this is not necessarily the case; for example, a flat cell stack may be used.
  • the SOFC module 201 also includes a fuel gas supply pipe 207, a plurality of fuel gas supply branch pipes 207a, a fuel gas discharge pipe 209, and a plurality of fuel gas discharge branch pipes 209a.
  • the SOFC module 201 also includes an oxidizing gas supply pipe (not shown), an oxidizing gas supply branch pipe (not shown), an oxidizing gas exhaust pipe (not shown), and a plurality of oxidizing gas exhaust branch pipes (not shown). Equipped with.
  • the fuel gas supply pipe 207 is provided outside the pressure vessel 205, is connected to a fuel gas supply section that supplies fuel gas with a predetermined gas composition and a predetermined flow rate in accordance with the amount of power generated by the SOFC module 201, and is connected to a plurality of It is connected to the fuel gas supply branch pipe 207a.
  • This fuel gas supply pipe 207 branches and guides a predetermined flow rate of fuel gas supplied from the above-mentioned fuel gas supply section to a plurality of fuel gas supply branch pipes 207a.
  • the fuel gas supply branch pipe 207a is connected to the fuel gas supply pipe 207 and also to the plurality of SOFC cartridges 203.
  • This fuel gas supply branch pipe 207a guides the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply pipe 207 to the plurality of SOFC cartridges 203 at a substantially equal flow rate, thereby making the power generation performance of the plurality of SOFC cartridges 203 substantially uniform. .
  • the fuel gas discharge branch pipe 209a is connected to the plurality of SOFC cartridges 203 and also to the fuel gas discharge pipe 209. This fuel gas discharge branch pipe 209a guides the exhaust fuel gas discharged from the SOFC cartridge 203 to the fuel gas discharge pipe 209. Further, the fuel gas exhaust pipe 209 is connected to a plurality of fuel gas exhaust branch pipes 209a, and a part of the fuel gas exhaust pipe 209 is disposed outside the pressure vessel 205. This fuel gas discharge pipe 209 guides the exhaust fuel gas, which is discharged from the fuel gas discharge branch pipe 209a at a substantially uniform flow rate, to the outside of the pressure vessel 205.
  • the pressure vessel 205 is operated at an internal pressure of 0.1 MPa to approximately 3 MPa and an internal temperature of atmospheric temperature to approximately 550°C, so it is important to have strength and corrosion resistance against oxidizing agents such as oxygen contained in oxidizing gas.
  • Materials in stock will be used.
  • a stainless steel material such as SUS304 is suitable.
  • a mode is described in which a plurality of SOFC cartridges 203 are collected and stored in the pressure vessel 205, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the SOFC cartridges 203 are not collected and stored in the pressure vessel 205. It can also be configured to be housed within the container 205.
  • the SOFC cartridge 203 includes a plurality of cell stacks 101, a power generation chamber 215, a fuel gas supply header 217, a fuel gas discharge header 219, an oxidizing gas supply header (air supply header) 221, and an oxidizing gas exhaust header 223. Further, the SOFC cartridge 203 includes an upper tube sheet 225a, a lower tube sheet 225b, an upper heat insulator 227a, and a lower heat insulator 227b.
  • the SOFC cartridge 203 has a fuel gas supply header 217, a fuel gas exhaust header 219, an oxidizing gas supply header 221, and an oxidizing gas exhaust header 223 arranged as shown in FIG.
  • the structure is such that the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas flow oppositely between the inside and outside of the cell stack 101, this is not necessarily necessary; for example, the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas may flow in parallel between the inside and outside of the cell stack 101. Alternatively, the oxidizing gas may flow in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cell stack 101.
  • the power generation chamber 215 is an area formed between the upper insulator 227a and the lower insulator 227b.
  • the power generation chamber 215 is an area where the fuel cells 105 of the cell stack 101 are arranged, and is an area where fuel gas and oxidizing gas are electrochemically reacted to generate electricity.
  • the temperature near the longitudinal center of the cell stack 101 in the power generation chamber 215 is monitored by a temperature measurement unit (temperature sensor, thermocouple, etc.), and is approximately 700°C to 1000°C during steady operation of the SOFC module 201. This creates a high temperature atmosphere.
  • the fuel gas supply header 217 is an area surrounded by the upper casing 229a and the upper tube plate 225a of the SOFC cartridge 203, and is connected to the fuel gas supply branch pipe 207a by the fuel gas supply hole 231a provided in the upper part of the upper casing 229a. It is communicated with. Further, the plurality of cell stacks 101 are joined by an upper tube plate 225a and a sealing member 237a, and the fuel gas supply header 217 is connected to a fuel gas supply header 217 for receiving fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply branch pipe 207a through the fuel gas supply hole 231a. is introduced into the base tubes 103 of the plurality of cell stacks 101 at a substantially uniform flow rate, thereby making the power generation performance of the plurality of cell stacks 101 substantially uniform.
  • the fuel gas discharge header 219 is a region surrounded by the lower casing 229b and the lower tube plate 225b of the SOFC cartridge 203, and is connected to the fuel gas discharge branch pipe 209a (not shown) by the fuel gas discharge hole 231b provided in the lower casing 229b. It is communicated with. Further, the plurality of cell stacks 101 are joined by a lower tube plate 225b and a sealing member 237b, and the fuel gas exhaust header 219 passes through the inside of the base tube 103 of the plurality of cell stacks 101 to connect to the fuel gas exhaust header 219. The exhaust fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas is collected and guided to the fuel gas exhaust branch pipe 209a via the fuel gas exhaust hole 231b.
  • oxidizing gas with a predetermined gas composition and a predetermined flow rate is branched to an oxidizing gas supply branch pipe and supplied to a plurality of SOFC cartridges 203.
  • the oxidizing gas supply header 221 is an area surrounded by the lower casing 229b, the lower tube plate 225b, and the lower heat insulating body 227b of the SOFC cartridge 203. , and is communicated with an oxidizing gas supply branch pipe (not shown).
  • This oxidizing gas supply header 221 generates electricity by using a predetermined flow rate of oxidizing gas supplied from an oxidizing gas supply branch pipe (not shown) through an oxidizing gas supply hole 233a through an oxidizing gas supply gap 235a to be described later. It leads to room 215.
  • the oxidizing gas exhaust header 223 is an area surrounded by the upper casing 229a, the upper tube plate 225a, and the upper insulating body 227a of the SOFC cartridge 203, and is an area surrounded by the oxidizing gas exhaust hole 233b provided on the side surface of the upper casing 229a. , and is communicated with an oxidizing gas discharge branch pipe (not shown).
  • the oxidizing gas exhaust header 223 collects the exhaust oxidizing gas supplied from the power generation chamber 215 to the oxidizing gas exhaust header 223 through an oxidizing gas exhaust gap 235b (described later) through an oxidizing gas exhaust hole 233b. This leads to an oxidizing gas discharge branch pipe (not shown).
  • the upper tube sheet 225a is arranged between the top plate of the upper casing 229a and the upper insulator 227a so that the upper tube sheet 225a, the top plate of the upper casing 229a, and the upper insulator 227a are approximately parallel to each other. is fixed to the side plate. Further, the upper tube plate 225a has a plurality of holes corresponding to the number of cell stacks 101 included in the SOFC cartridge 203, and the cell stacks 101 are inserted into the holes, respectively. This upper tube plate 225a airtightly supports one end of the plurality of cell stacks 101 via either or both of the sealing member 237a and the adhesive member, and also supports the fuel gas supply header 217 and the oxidizing gas discharge header. 223.
  • the upper insulating body 227a is arranged at the lower end of the upper casing 229a so that the upper insulating body 227a, the top plate of the upper casing 229a, and the upper tube plate 225a are substantially parallel, and is fixed to the side plate of the upper casing 229a.
  • the upper heat insulator 227a is provided with a plurality of holes corresponding to the number of cell stacks 101 included in the SOFC cartridge 203. The diameter of this hole is set larger than the outer diameter of the cell stack 101.
  • the upper insulator 227a includes an oxidizing gas discharge gap 235b formed between the inner surface of this hole and the outer surface of the cell stack 101 inserted through the upper insulator 227a.
  • the upper heat insulating body 227a partitions the power generation chamber 215 and the oxidizing gas discharge header 223, and prevents the atmosphere around the upper tube sheet 225a from becoming hot, resulting in a decrease in strength and corrosion due to the oxidizing agent contained in the oxidizing gas. Suppress the increase.
  • the upper tube sheet 225a and the like are made of a metal material that is durable at high temperatures, such as Inconel. This prevents thermal deformation. Further, the upper heat insulator 227a guides the exhaust oxidizing gas that has passed through the power generation chamber 215 and been exposed to high temperature to the oxidizing gas exhaust header 223 through the oxidizing gas exhaust gap 235b.
  • the structure of the SOFC cartridge 203 described above allows the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas to flow oppositely between the inside and outside of the cell stack 101.
  • heat exchange is performed between the exhaust oxidizing gas and the fuel gas supplied to the power generation chamber 215 through the inside of the base tube 103, and the upper tube plate 225a made of metal material is prevented from buckling or the like.
  • the gas is cooled to a temperature that does not cause deformation and is supplied to the oxidizing gas discharge header 223.
  • the temperature of the fuel gas is increased by heat exchange with the exhaust oxidizing gas discharged from the power generation chamber 215, and then the fuel gas is supplied to the power generation chamber 215.
  • fuel gas that has been preheated to a temperature suitable for power generation can be supplied to the power generation chamber 215 without using a heater or the like.
  • the lower tube plate 225b is attached to the side plate of the lower casing 229b between the bottom plate of the lower casing 229b and the lower heat insulating body 227b so that the bottom plate of the lower tube plate 225b, the bottom plate of the lower casing 229b, and the lower heat insulating body 227b are approximately parallel to each other. Fixed. Further, the lower tube plate 225b has a plurality of holes corresponding to the number of cell stacks 101 included in the SOFC cartridge 203, and the cell stacks 101 are respectively inserted into the holes. This lower tube plate 225b airtightly supports the other end of the plurality of cell stacks 101 via either or both of the sealing member 237b and the adhesive member, and also supports the fuel gas discharge header 219 and the oxidizing gas supply header. 221.
  • the lower insulator 227b is arranged at the upper end of the lower casing 229b so that the lower insulator 227b, the bottom plate of the lower casing 229b, and the lower tube plate 225b are substantially parallel, and is fixed to the side plate of the lower casing 229b. . Further, the lower heat insulator 227b is provided with a plurality of holes corresponding to the number of cell stacks 101 included in the SOFC cartridge 203. The diameter of this hole is set larger than the outer diameter of the cell stack 101.
  • the lower insulator 227b includes an oxidizing gas supply gap 235a formed between the inner surface of the hole and the outer surface of the cell stack 101 inserted through the lower insulator 227b.
  • the lower heat insulating body 227b partitions the power generation chamber 215 and the oxidizing gas supply header 221, and prevents the atmosphere around the lower tube sheet 225b from becoming hot, resulting in a decrease in strength and corrosion due to the oxidizing agent contained in the oxidizing gas. Suppress the increase.
  • the lower tube sheet 225b and the like are made of a metal material such as Inconel that is durable at high temperatures, it is important to note that if the lower tube sheet 225b and the like are exposed to high temperatures and the temperature difference within the lower tube sheet 225b becomes large, thermal deformation may occur. It is something to prevent. Further, the lower heat insulator 227b guides the oxidizing gas supplied to the oxidizing gas supply header 221 to the power generation chamber 215 through the oxidizing gas supply gap 235a.
  • the structure of the SOFC cartridge 203 described above allows the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas to flow oppositely between the inside and outside of the cell stack 101.
  • the exhaust fuel gas that has passed through the inside of the base tube 103 and the power generation chamber 215 undergoes heat exchange with the oxidizing gas supplied to the power generation chamber 215, and the lower tube sheet 225b made of metal material is heated. etc. are cooled to a temperature that does not cause deformation such as buckling and are supplied to the fuel gas discharge header 219.
  • the oxidizing gas is heated by heat exchange with the exhaust fuel gas, and is supplied to the power generation chamber 215.
  • the oxidizing gas heated to a temperature necessary for power generation can be supplied to the power generation chamber 215 without using a heater or the like.
  • the DC power generated in the power generation chamber 215 is led to the vicinity of the end of the cell stack 101 by the lead membranes 115 made of Ni/YSZ etc. provided in the plurality of fuel cells 105, and then transferred to the current collector rod (non-conductor) of the SOFC cartridge 203.
  • the current is collected through a current collector plate (not shown) and taken out to the outside of each SOFC cartridge 203 .
  • the DC power led out to the outside of the SOFC cartridge 203 by the current collector rod is connected to the generated power of each SOFC cartridge 203 in a predetermined number of series and parallel numbers, and led out to the outside of the SOFC module 201. It is converted into predetermined alternating current power by a power conversion device (such as an inverter) such as a power conditioner (not shown), and is supplied to a power supply destination (for example, a load facility or a power system).
  • a power conversion device such as an inverter
  • a power conditioner not shown
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 310 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fuel cell system 310 includes a turbocharger 411 and an SOFC 313.
  • the SOFC 313 is configured by combining one or more SOFC modules (not shown), and will be simply referred to as "SOFC" hereinafter.
  • This fuel cell system 310 generates power using an SOFC 313.
  • the fuel cell system 310 is controlled by the control device 20.
  • the turbocharger 411 includes a compressor 421 and a turbine 423, and the compressor 421 and the turbine 423 are connected by a rotating shaft 424 so that they can rotate together.
  • the compressor 421 is rotationally driven by the rotation of a turbine 423, which will be described later.
  • This embodiment is an example in which air is used as the oxidizing gas, and the compressor 421 compresses air A taken in from the air intake line 325.
  • Air A is taken in and compressed by the compressor 421 that constitutes the turbocharger 411, and the compressed air A is supplied to the air electrode 113 of the SOFC as an oxidizing gas A2.
  • the exhaust oxidizing gas A3 after being used in the chemical reaction for power generation in the SOFC is sent to the catalytic combustor (combustor) 422 via the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333, and is then used in the chemical reaction for power generation in the SOFC.
  • the exhaust fuel gas L3 used in the reaction is pressurized by a recirculation blower 348, and part of it is recirculated and supplied to the fuel gas line 341 via a fuel gas recirculation line 349, while the other part is exhausted.
  • the fuel gas is sent to the catalytic combustor 422 via the gas line 343.
  • the catalytic combustor 422 is supplied with the exhaust oxidizing gas A3 and part of the exhaust fuel gas L3, and is stably combusted even at a relatively low temperature using a combustion catalyst in the catalytic combustion section (not shown) (described later). ), producing combustion gas G.
  • the catalytic combustor 422 mixes the exhaust fuel gas L3, the exhaust oxidizing gas A3, and, if necessary, the fuel gas L1, and combusts the mixture in the catalytic combustion section to generate combustion gas G.
  • the catalytic combustion section is filled with a combustion catalyst whose main component is platinum or palladium, for example, and enables stable combustion at relatively low temperatures and low oxygen concentrations.
  • Combustion gas G is supplied to turbine 423 through combustion gas supply line 328.
  • the turbine 423 is rotationally driven by the adiabatic expansion of the combustion gas G, and the combustion gas G is discharged from the combustion exhaust gas line 329.
  • the fuel gas L1 is supplied to the catalytic combustor 422 with its flow rate controlled by the control valve 352.
  • the fuel gas L1 is a flammable gas, such as gas obtained by vaporizing liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas, city gas, hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), etc. Hydrocarbon gas and gas produced by gasification equipment for carbonaceous raw materials (oil, coal, etc.) are used.
  • Fuel gas means fuel gas whose calorific value has been adjusted to be substantially constant in advance.
  • Combustion gas G heated to high temperature by combustion in the catalytic combustor 422 is sent to the turbine 423 that constitutes the turbocharger 411 through the combustion gas supply line 328, and rotates the turbine 423 to generate rotational power.
  • air A taken in from the air intake line 325 is compressed to generate compressed air. Since the turbocharger 411 can generate power for the rotating equipment that compresses and blows oxidizing gas (air), the required power can be reduced and the power generation efficiency of the power generation system can be improved.
  • the heat exchanger (regenerative heat exchanger) 430 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 423 and the oxidizing gas A2 supplied from the compressor 421. After the exhaust gas is cooled by heat exchange with the oxidizing gas A2, it is emitted to the outside through a chimney (not shown), for example, via the exhaust heat recovery device 442.
  • the SOFC 313 is supplied with fuel gas L1 as a reducing agent and oxidizing gas A2 as an oxidizing agent, and reacts at a predetermined operating temperature to generate electricity.
  • the SOFC 313 is composed of an SOFC module (not shown), and accommodates an assembly of a plurality of cell stacks provided in a pressure vessel of the SOFC module.
  • the cell stack (not shown) includes a fuel electrode 109, an air electrode 113, and a solid electrolyte.
  • a membrane 111 is provided.
  • the SOFC 313 generates electricity by supplying oxidizing gas A2 to the air electrode 113 and supplying the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109, and converts the power to a predetermined amount of power by a power converter (such as an inverter) such as a power conditioner (not shown). It is converted into electricity and supplied to the electricity demand destination.
  • a power converter such as an inverter
  • a power conditioner not shown
  • An oxidizing gas supply line 331 that supplies oxidizing gas A2 compressed by a compressor 421 to the air electrode 113 is connected to the SOFC 313.
  • the oxidizing gas A2 is supplied to an oxidizing gas introducing portion (not shown) of the air electrode 113 through the oxidizing gas supply line 331.
  • This oxidizing gas supply line 331 is provided with a control valve (oxidizing gas control valve) 335 for adjusting the flow rate of the oxidizing gas A2 to be supplied.
  • the oxidizing gas A2 is heated by exchanging heat with the combustion gas discharged from the combustion exhaust gas line 329.
  • the oxidizing gas supply line 331 is provided with a heat exchanger bypass line 332 that bypasses the heat transfer portion of the heat exchanger 430.
  • a control valve 336 is provided in the heat exchanger bypass line 332, and the bypass flow rate of the oxidizing gas can be adjusted. By controlling the opening degrees of the control valve 335 and the control valve 336, the flow rate ratio of the oxidizing gas passing through the heat exchanger 430 and the oxidizing gas bypassing the heat exchanger 430 is adjusted, and the flow rate is adjusted. The temperature of the oxidizing gas A2 is adjusted.
  • the temperature of the oxidizing gas A2 supplied to the SOFC 313 is maintained at a temperature at which the fuel gas of the SOFC 313 and the oxidizing gas are electrochemically reacted to generate electricity, and the temperature of each SOFC module (not shown) constituting the SOFC 313 is maintained.
  • the upper temperature limit is limited to prevent damage to component materials.
  • An exhaust oxidant gas line 333 is connected to the SOFC 313, which supplies the exhaust oxidant gas A3 used and discharged from the air electrode 113 to the turbine 423 via the catalytic combustor 422.
  • the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333 is provided with an exhaust air cooler 351. Specifically, in the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333, an exhaust air cooler 351 is provided upstream of an orifice 441, which will be described later. Cool the exhaust oxidizing gas A3.
  • the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333 is provided with a pressure loss section.
  • an orifice 441 is provided as a pressure loss section.
  • the orifice 441 applies pressure loss to the exhaust oxidizing gas A3 flowing through the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333.
  • the pressure loss part is not limited to the orifice 441, and a constriction part such as a venturi pipe may be provided, for example, and any means capable of adding pressure loss to the exhaust oxidizing gas A3 can be used. .
  • an additional burner may be provided.
  • the additional burner generates a pressure drop in the exhaust oxidizing gas, and when it becomes necessary to burn more than the combustion capacity of the catalytic combustor 422, additional fuel can be combusted, so the exhaust oxidizing gas It becomes possible to supply sufficient amount of heat to
  • the pressure difference between the air electrode 113 side and the fuel electrode 109 side is controlled by a regulating valve 347 provided in the exhaust gas line 343 so that the pressure difference between the air electrode 113 side and the fuel electrode 109 side is within a predetermined range.
  • the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333 is not provided with a vent system and a vent valve for releasing the exhaust oxidizing gas A3 to the atmosphere (outside the system).
  • a vent system and a vent valve for releasing the exhaust oxidizing gas A3 to the atmosphere (outside the system).
  • a gas turbine for example, a micro gas turbine
  • the pressure state of the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode 113 may change depending on the change in the state of the micro gas turbine, such as when the micro gas turbine is in operation or stopped.
  • the turbocharger 411 is used, and since there is no generator connected to the rotating shaft and there is no load on it, there is no possibility that the load will disappear at the time of tripping, resulting in overspeed and a sudden increase in pressure. Since the differential pressure state can be stably controlled by the regulating valve 347, the mechanism (vent system and vent valve) for releasing the exhaust oxidizing gas A3 into the atmosphere can be omitted.
  • the SOFC 313 further includes a fuel gas line 341 that supplies the fuel gas L1 to a fuel gas inlet (not shown) of the fuel electrode 109, and a fuel gas line 341 that supplies the fuel gas L1 to a fuel gas inlet (not shown) of the fuel electrode 109, and a fuel gas line 341 that supplies the exhaust fuel gas L3 discharged from the fuel electrode 109 by catalytic combustion.
  • An exhaust fuel gas line 343 that supplies the turbine 423 via the vessel 422 is connected to the exhaust gas line 343 .
  • the fuel gas line 341 is provided with a control valve (fuel gas control valve) 342 for adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109.
  • a recirculation blower 348 is provided in the exhaust fuel gas line 343. Further, the exhaust gas line 343 is provided with a regulating valve 347 for adjusting the flow rate of a portion of the exhaust fuel gas L3 supplied to the catalytic combustor 422. In other words, the regulating valve 347 regulates the pressure state of the exhaust fuel gas L3. Therefore, as will be described later, by controlling the regulating valve 347 using the control device 20, the differential pressure between the fuel electrode 109 and the air electrode 113 can be adjusted.
  • An exhaust fuel gas release line 350 is connected to the exhaust fuel gas line 343 on the downstream side of the recirculation blower 348, which releases the exhaust fuel gas L3 to the atmosphere (outside the system).
  • a cutoff valve (fuel vent valve) 346 is provided in the exhaust fuel gas release line 350. That is, by opening the cutoff valve 346, a part of the exhaust fuel gas L3 in the exhaust gas line 343 can be released from the exhaust fuel gas release line 350.
  • a fuel gas recirculation line 349 for recirculating the exhaust fuel gas L3 to the fuel gas introduction part of the fuel electrode 109 of the SOFC 313 is connected to the fuel gas line 341 .
  • the fuel gas recirculation line 349 is provided with a pure water supply line 361 that supplies pure water for reforming the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109.
  • a pump 362 is provided in the pure water supply line 361. By controlling the discharge flow rate of the pump 362, the amount of pure water supplied to the fuel electrode 109 is adjusted. Since water vapor is generated at the fuel electrode during power generation, the waste fuel gas L3 in the waste fuel gas line 343 contains water vapor, so by recirculating and supplying the water vapor in the fuel gas recirculation line 349, The flow rate of pure water supplied by the pure water supply line 361 can be reduced or cut off.
  • a configuration for releasing the oxidizing gas discharged from the compressor 421 will be described.
  • the oxidizing gas supply line 331 on the downstream side of the compressor 421 there is an oxidizing gas blow line through which the oxidizing gas can bypass the heat exchanger 430 and be discharged outside the system (outside). 444 are provided.
  • One end of the oxidizing gas blow line 444 is connected to the upstream side of the heat exchanger 430 of the oxidizing gas supply line 331, and the other end is connected to the heat exchanger of the combustion exhaust gas line 329 downstream of the turbine 423. 430 on the downstream side.
  • the oxidizing gas blow line 444 is provided with a blow valve (control valve) 445. That is, by opening the blow valve 445, a part of the oxidizing gas discharged from the compressor 421 is released into the atmosphere outside the system through the oxidizing gas blow line 444 and the chimney (not shown). Ru.
  • the oxidizing gas supply line 331 is provided with a control valve 451 downstream of the connection point with the oxidizing gas blow line 444.
  • a starting air line 454 having a blower 452 and a control valve 453 for supplying air is connected.
  • the blower 452 supplies starting air to the oxidizing gas supply line 331, and the control valves 451 and 453 switch between starting air and the oxidizing gas from the compressor 421.
  • a starting air heating line (oxidizing gas heating line) 455 is connected to the downstream side of the heat exchanger 430 (upstream side of the control valve 335). It is connected to the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333 on the downstream side of the exhaust air cooler 351 through the oxidizing gas supply line 331 (inlet side of the air electrode 113) through the control valve (heating control valve) 457. has been done.
  • the starting air heating line 455 is provided with a starting heater 458, to which the fuel gas L1 is supplied via a control valve 459, and the oxidizing gas flowing through the starting air heating line 455 is heated. It will be done.
  • the control valve 457 adjusts the flow rate of the oxidizing gas supplied to the startup heater 458 and controls the temperature of the oxidizing gas supplied to the SOFC 313 .
  • the starting air heating line 455, the control valve 457, and the starting heater 458 function as a heating section that heats the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas supply line 331.
  • the fuel gas L1 is also supplied to the air electrode 113 via the control valve 460.
  • the control valve 460 supplies air when the fuel gas L1 is supplied from the downstream side of the control valve 457 in the startup air heating line 455 to the air electrode 113 when the SOFC 313 is started, and the temperature of the power generation chamber is increased by catalytic combustion.
  • the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the pole 113 is controlled.
  • the control device 20 performs startup control for the fuel cell system 310.
  • the turbocharger 411 cannot be started independently, unlike, for example, a micro gas turbine. Therefore, it is necessary to supply starting air from outside. Therefore, at startup, it is necessary to switch the supply of oxidizing gas to the SOFC from startup air to the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor 421 of the turbocharger 411. Therefore, the control device 20 controls the control valve 451 and the blow valve 445.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the control device 20 according to this embodiment.
  • the control device 20 is a computer system, and includes, for example, a CPU 11, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 12 for storing programs executed by the CPU 11, and a ROM (Read Only Memory) 12 for storing programs executed by the CPU 11.
  • a RAM (Random Access Memory) 13 that functions as a work area
  • a hard disk drive (HDD) 14 as a mass storage device
  • a communication section 15 for connecting to a network or the like.
  • SSD solid state drive
  • These parts are connected via a bus 18.
  • control device 20 may include an input unit such as a keyboard and a mouse, and a display unit such as a liquid crystal display device that displays data.
  • a display unit such as a liquid crystal display device that displays data.
  • the storage medium for storing programs and the like executed by the CPU 11 is not limited to the ROM 12.
  • other auxiliary storage devices such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, and a semiconductor memory may be used.
  • a series of processing steps for realizing various functions described below are recorded in the form of a program in the hard disk drive 14, etc., and the CPU 11 reads this program into the RAM 13 etc. to process information and perform arithmetic processing. As a result, various functions described below are realized.
  • the program may be pre-installed in the ROM 12 or other storage medium, provided as being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or distributed via wired or wireless communication means. etc. may also be applied.
  • Computer-readable storage media include magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, semiconductor memories, and the like.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a method for starting the fuel cell system 310 of this embodiment. Each process shown in FIG. 6 is executed by the control device 20 controlling each part of the fuel cell system 310.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in the fuel gas L1 supplied to the catalytic combustor 422.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing changes in the opening degree of the blow valve 445.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing changes in the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing changes in temperature of the power generation chamber 215.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing changes in the rotation speed of the turbine 423.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing changes in the flow rate of oxidizing gas supplied to the power generation chamber 215.
  • step S101 the control device 20 executes system purge.
  • the control device 20 opens the control valve 443, the control valve 453, the blow valve 445, the control valve 335, the control valve 456, and the adjustment valve 347, and closes the other valves. Nitrogen is vented to the fuel electrode 109 side via a control valve 443. Then, the blower 452 is activated, and when the control valve 453 and the control valve 335 are open, the air for activation is supplied to the air electrode 113 side and ventilated. This purges the SOFC 313.
  • the startup air bypasses the SOFC 313 and is vented to the catalytic combustor 422 via the startup heater 458.
  • the turbine 423 starts rotating using the starting air.
  • the coaxially connected compressor 421 starts rotating.
  • the compressor 421 compresses the oxidizing gas, and when the blow valve 445 is open, the compressed oxidizing gas is discharged to the outside of the system through the oxidizing gas blow line 444. Surging of the compressor 421 is prevented by being discharged to the outside of the system. Surging is an abnormal state in which the pressure at the outlet of the compressor 421 increases and the compressor 421 stalls or compressed air flows backward. Note that the differential pressure between the fuel electrode 109 and the air electrode 113 is controlled by a regulating valve 347.
  • step S102 the control device 20 ignites the startup heater 458.
  • the control device 20 opens the control valve 453, the blow valve 445, the control valve 335, the control valve 456, the control valve 459, and the adjustment valve 347, and closes the other valves.
  • the control valve 457 may be in an open state depending on the situation. That is, after the purge is completed, by throttling the control valve 456 and opening the control valve 335, the flow rate of the startup air bypassed by the SOFC 313 and supplied to the catalytic combustor 422 is reduced, and the amount of startup air supplied to the SOFC 313 is increased.
  • the pressure difference between the fuel electrode 109 and the air electrode 113 is controlled by the regulating valve 347. Then, a part of the fuel gas L1 is supplied from the control valve 459 to ignite the startup heater 458 and raise the temperature of the startup air. As a result, the inlet temperature of the turbine 423 increases, and the system pressure increases.
  • step S103 the control device 20 ignites the catalytic combustor 422.
  • the control device 20 opens the control valve 453, the blow valve 445, the control valve 335, the control valve 456, the control valve 459, the control valve 352, and the adjustment valve 347, and closes the other valves.
  • Starting air of about 400°C to 500°C is sent to the catalytic combustor 422 with the control valve 456 slightly open (about 20% of the amount of starting air), and air from the SOFC 313 via the control valve 457. It is supplied mixed with the starting air that is sent. This increases the temperature of the catalytic combustor 422.
  • the fuel gas L1 is supplied to the catalytic combustor 422 via the control valve 352.
  • a specified temperature for example, 300° C. to 400° C.
  • the control valve 352 is temporarily held at a specified opening degree, and ignition is confirmed by observing the rise in the outlet temperature of the catalytic combustor 422.
  • the opening degree of the control valve 352 is controlled according to the outlet temperature of the catalytic combustor 422 (flow rate control of the fuel gas L1).
  • step S104 the control device 20 makes the turbocharger 411 independent.
  • the control device 20 opens the control valve 342, the control valve 453, the control valve 335, the control valve 456, the control valve 459, the control valve 352, and the adjustment valve 347, and closes the other valves.
  • the control device 20 opens the fuel gas supply control valve 342 to supply the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109, and drives the pump 362 of the pure water supply line 361 to supply pure water to the fuel electrode 109. supply to.
  • the blow valve 445 is controlled in the closing direction, and the control valve 451 is controlled in the opening direction. That is, when the requirements for self-sustainability of the turbocharger 411 are satisfied, the blow valve 445 is gradually closed, and the control valve 451 is gradually opened.
  • the self-sustaining requirement is when the rotational speed of the turbocharger 411 becomes a predetermined value or more, and the temperature of the combustion gas G supplied to the turbine 423 (the outlet temperature of the catalytic combustor 422) becomes a predetermined temperature or more.
  • the blow valve 445 By gradually closing the blow valve 445, the flow rate of the oxidizing gas discharged to the outside of the system is reduced.
  • the control valve 451 is opened to a predetermined degree (for example, fully open)
  • the control valve 453 is closed, the blower 452 is stopped, and the supply of starting air is ended.
  • the amount of starting air supplied be increased in accordance with the increase in the rotational speed of the turbocharger 411 and the increase in the outlet temperature of the catalytic combustor 422.
  • the turbine 423 is rotated by the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor 421, and the compressor 421 is rotationally driven, so that the turbocharger 411 enters a self-sustaining state.
  • control device 20 controls each valve to continue raising the temperature.
  • the control device 20 controls the inlet temperature of the catalytic combustor 422 by adjusting the temperature of the oxidizing gas using the control valve 456. Furthermore, the control device 20 controls the outlet temperature of the catalytic combustor 422 by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 using the control valve 352.
  • control device 20 controls the flow rate of the oxidizing gas passing through the startup heater 458 using the control valve 457. Further, the control device 20 controls the outlet temperature of the startup heater 458 by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the startup heater 458 using the control valve 459 . Further, the control device 20 sets the opening degree of the control valve 335 according to the rotation speed and the inlet temperature of the turbocharger 411.
  • the opening degree of the control valve 457 is controlled in the closing direction. Then, when the air flow rate supplied to the startup heater 458 decreases to the lower limit of use of the startup heater 458, the startup heater 458 is stopped. That is, after the turbocharger becomes independent, air heated by the startup heater 458 is supplied to the SOFC 313 and raised until the temperature of the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode 113 or the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 reaches the specified temperature. Warmth is done.
  • step S105 the control device 20 closes the control valve 352 and stops supplying the fuel gas L1 to the catalytic combustor 422.
  • the reason why the supply of the fuel gas L1 to the catalytic combustor 422 is stopped is that by starting the supply of the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109, the exhaust fuel gas is guided to the catalytic combustor 422 and the rotation speed of the turbine 423 is increased. This is to suppress the increase.
  • the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the catalytic combustor 422 changes from FL1 to 0 prior to time T1 when the supply of the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109 is started.
  • step S106 the control device 20 opens the blow valve 445 in response to switching the control valve 342 from the closed state to the open state and starting supply of the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109.
  • the control device 20 controls the opening degree of the blow valve 445 from 0 to OP1 after time T1 when the control valve 342 is switched from the closed state to the open state.
  • Opening the blow valve 445 is because the amount of oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode 113 becomes excessive with respect to the amount of fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109, resulting in a longer startup time. This is to prevent this from happening.
  • the control device 20 adjusts the opening degree OP1 of the blow valve 445 so that the rotation speed of the turbine 423 is constant at a predetermined rotation speed.
  • step S106 the control device 20 switches the blow valve 445 from the closed state to the open state after the time T1 at which the supply of the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109 is started. good.
  • the blow valve 445 may be switched from the closed state to the open state at the same time as time T1. Further, the blow valve 445 may be switched from the closed state to the open state before time T1.
  • step S107 when the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 (for example, the highest temperature among the plurality of measurement points) reaches the specified temperature, the control device 20 opens the control valve 460 and supplies a small flow rate of the fuel gas L1 to the air electrode 113.
  • the power generation chamber 215 of the SOFC 313 is further heated.
  • the fuel gas L1 is catalytically burned by the catalytic action of the air electrode 113, and the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 is increased using this heat generation.
  • step S108 the control device 20 determines whether the power generation chamber 215 is in a predetermined preheated state, and if YES, the process advances to step S109.
  • the predetermined preheating state is, for example, a state in which the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 is equal to or higher than a specified temperature Te2 (for example, 700° C.; see FIG. 10).
  • step S109 the control device 20 controls the blow valve 445 to be switched to the closed state in response to the power generation chamber 215 being in a predetermined preheated state. As shown in FIG. 8, the control device 20 switches the blow valve 445 to the closed state at time T2 when the power generation chamber 215 enters a predetermined preheated state.
  • step S110 the control device 20 opens the control valve 352 in response to the power generation chamber 215 being in a predetermined preheated state, and restarts the supply of the fuel gas L1 to the catalytic combustor 422.
  • the reason why the supply of the fuel gas L1 to the catalytic combustor 422 is restarted is because the power generation chamber 215 is in a predetermined preheated state and the exhaust fuel gas L3 guided to the catalytic combustor 422 is reduced.
  • the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the catalytic combustor 422 changes from 0 to FL1.
  • step S111 the control device 20 converts the power generated by the SOFC 313 into predetermined AC power using a power conversion device (for example, an inverter device), and supplies power to the power supply destination (for example, load equipment or power grid). Control to start supply.
  • the control device 20 controls when the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 (e.g., the lowest temperature among the plurality of measurement points) reaches a specified temperature Te2 (e.g., 700° C.), and the operating states of the fuel electrode 109 and the air electrode 113 reach a predetermined condition.
  • Te2 e.g. 700° C.
  • the SOFC 313 starts generating electricity.
  • the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 is increased by the heat generated by catalytic combustion by adding and supplying the fuel gas L1 to the air electrode 113 and the heat generated by both power generation.
  • step S112 the control device 20 determines whether the power generation chamber 215 is in a predetermined heating state, and if YES, the process advances to step S113.
  • the predetermined heating state is, for example, a state in which the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature Te3 (for example, 750° C.) at which the temperature can be maintained by self-heating due to power generation.
  • Te3 for example, 750° C.
  • the control device 20 gradually reduces the supply amount of the fuel gas L1 additionally supplied to the air electrode 113, and for example, the control device 20 gradually reduces the supply amount of the fuel gas L1 added to the air electrode 113.
  • the additional supply of fuel gas L1 to 113 is controlled to be zero.
  • step S113 the control device 20 determines whether startup of the fuel cell system 310 is completed, and if YES, ends the processing of this flowchart.
  • the control device 20 determines that the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 of the SOFC 313 has reached the target temperature and the load has reached a target load such as a rated load, the control device 20 determines that the startup of the fuel cell system 310 has been completed. In this way, fuel cell system 310 is activated.
  • the oxidizing gas L1 supplied to the air electrode 113 is This prevents the start-up time from becoming longer due to the amount of gas supplied being excessive with respect to the amount of fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109.
  • the fuel cell system 310 of this embodiment maintains the blow valve 445 in the closed state when starting power generation in the power generation chamber 215.
  • the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the catalytic combustor 422 changes from FL1 to 0 prior to time T1 when supply of the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109 is started. do.
  • the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the catalytic combustor 422 changes from FL1 to a minimum flow rate greater than 0 prior to time T1 when supply of the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109 is started.
  • the minimum flow rate is the flow rate for maintaining the ignition state of the catalytic combustor 422.
  • Time T2 is the timing at which the power generation chamber of the fuel cell system of the comparative example enters a predetermined heating state.
  • the opening degree of the blow valve 445 is controlled from 0 to OP1.
  • the blow valve 445 is maintained in the closed state when starting the supply of the fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109.
  • the supply of fuel gas L1 to the fuel electrode 109 is started at time T1.
  • the flow rate of fuel gas L1 supplied to fuel electrode 109 is constant at FL2.
  • the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109 increases or decreases depending on the target load.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example in which the target load gradually increases from time T5. Note that in the comparative example, the flow rate of the fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109 is the same as in the present embodiment.
  • the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 gradually increases from Te1 from time T1, reaches Te2 at time T2, and reaches the target temperature Te3 at time T3.
  • the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 gradually increases from Te1 from time T1, reaches Te2 after time T2, and reaches the target temperature Te3 at time T5, which is later than time T3.
  • the startup time from time T1 until the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 reaches the target temperature Te2 is longer in the fuel cell system 310 of this embodiment than in the fuel cell system of the comparative example. short. This is because in the present embodiment, oxidizing gas is discharged from the blow line 444 during the period from time T1 to time T4, whereas in the comparative example, oxidizing gas is discharged from the blow line 444 during the period from time T1 to time T4. This is because the gas is not discharged and it takes time to raise the temperature of the power generation chamber 215.
  • the rotation speed [rpm] of the turbine 423 decreases in response to the blow valve 445 being in the open state, and at time T1 becomes r1. Thereafter, the rotation speed of the turbine 423 increases from time T1 to r3. Thereafter, the rotation speed of the turbine 423 gradually decreases to r2, and increases again to a constant rotation speed after time T2 when the blow valve 445 is switched to the closed state.
  • the reason why the rotational speed of the turbine 423 decreases from r3 to r2 is because the fuel gas L1 reacts sufficiently in the power generation chamber 215, so that unburned components contained in the exhaust fuel gas L3 are reduced and are generated in the catalytic combustor 422. This is because the amount of combustion gas G is reduced.
  • the rotation speed of the turbine 423 gradually increases from time T1 to time T4, and then decreases to a constant rotation speed.
  • the reason why the rotational speed of the turbine 423 gradually increases from time T1 to time T4 is because the blow valve 445 remains closed even after time T1.
  • the flow rate of the oxidizing gas supplied to the power generation chamber 215 gradually increases from time T1 to time T4, and then decreases to a constant flow rate.
  • the reason why the flow rate of the oxidizing gas gradually increases from time T1 to time T4 is because the blow valve 445 remains closed even after time T1.
  • step S108 of the flowchart described above it was determined that the power generation chamber 215 is in a predetermined heating state when the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 reaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature at which the temperature can be maintained by self-heating due to power generation. It may be. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, when the rotation speed per unit time of the turbine 423 (turbocharger 411) changes from an upward trend (change from r2 to r3) to a downward trend (change from r3 to r2), Accordingly, it may be determined that the power generation chamber 215 is in a predetermined heating state. In this case, the control device 20 switches the blow valve 445 to the closed state in response to the change in the number of rotations per unit time of the turbine 423 from an upward trend to a downward trend.
  • the blow valve 445 is opened. A part of the oxidizing gas A2 compressed by the compressor 421 and led to the oxidizing gas supply line 331 is discharged to the outside from the blow valve 445 in the open state, so compared to the case where the blow valve 445 is in the closed state. , the amount of oxidizing gas A2 supplied to the air electrode 113 via the oxidizing gas supply line 331 decreases.
  • the blow valve 445 is in the closed state in response to the power generation chamber 215 of the fuel cell being brought into a predetermined heating state by the oxidizing gas A2 heated by the startup heater 458. can be switched to When the blow valve 445 is in the closed state, the flow rate of the oxidizing gas A2 supplied to the air electrode 113 increases, but the power generation chamber 215 is in a predetermined heated state and the activity of the catalyst of the fuel cell is increased. Therefore, the oxidizing gas A2 supplied to the air electrode 113 and the fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109 can be caused to react appropriately.
  • the oxidizing gas is supplied to the air electrode 113 by switching the blow valve 445 to the closed state in response to the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 reaching a predetermined temperature or higher. Increase the flow rate of A2. Since the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 is higher than a predetermined temperature and the activity of the catalyst of the fuel cell is increasing, the oxidizing gas A2 supplied to the air electrode 113 and the fuel gas L1 supplied to the fuel electrode 109 are adjusted appropriately. can be reacted.
  • the blow valve 445 is switched to the closed state in response to the rotation speed per unit time of the turbocharger 411 changing from an upward trend to a downward trend.
  • a change from an upward trend to a downward trend indicates that the unreacted exhaust fuel gas L3 has decreased due to an increase in the activity of the fuel cell catalyst.
  • the fuel cell system 310 of this embodiment is a modification of the fuel cell system 310 of the first embodiment, and is the same as the first embodiment except when specifically explained below. Omitted.
  • the fuel cell system 310 of this embodiment increases the temperature of the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode by increasing the opening degree of the control valve 457 before switching the control valve 342 from the closed state to the open state. This increases the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 when starting power generation.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing changes in the opening degree of the control valve (heating control valve) 457.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing changes in the opening degree of the control valve (oxidizing gas control valve) 335.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph showing temperature changes in the power generation chamber 215. Times T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 are the same as those described in the first embodiment. Time T1 is the time when supply of fuel gas L1 to fuel electrode 109 is started. Time T2 is the time when power generation chamber 215 enters a predetermined heating state.
  • the control device 20 of this embodiment increases the opening degree of the control valve 457 from OP2 to OP3 at time T1a prior to switching the control valve 342 from the closed state to the open state. Thereafter, the control device 20 decreases the opening degree of the control valve 457 from OP3 to OP2 at time T2 when the power generation chamber 215 reaches a predetermined heating state.
  • the control device 20 maintains the opening degree of the control valve 457 at OP2 after time T2.
  • the time T1a is a time prior to a transition from an operating state at a certain time after completion of startup of the SOFC 313 to an operating state preset by a load request (for example, a change from 50% load to 100% load). Good too. Fluctuations in the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 can be suppressed by controlling the opening degrees of the control valve (heating control valve) 457 and the control valve (oxidizing gas control valve) 335 to the opening degree set in advance according to the load request. .
  • the control device 20 when changing from 50% load to 100% load, presets the opening degrees of the heating control valve 457 and the oxidizing gas control valve 335 before increasing the opening degree of the control valve 342.
  • the control device 20 presets the opening degrees of the heating control valve 457 and the oxidizing gas control valve 335 before increasing the opening degree of the control valve 342.
  • the control device 20 adjusts the opening degrees of the heating control valve 457 and the oxidizing gas control valve 335 in advance before decreasing the opening degree of the control valve 342.
  • the control device 20 adjusts the opening degrees of the heating control valve 457 and the oxidizing gas control valve 335 in advance before decreasing the opening degree of the control valve 342.
  • the control device 20 of this embodiment reduces the opening degree of the control valve 335 from OP5 to OP4 at time T1a prior to switching the control valve 342 from the closed state to the open state. Thereafter, the control device 20 increases the opening degree of the control valve 335 from OP4 to OP5 at time T2 when the power generation chamber 215 reaches a predetermined heating state. In the first embodiment, the control device 20 maintains the opening degree of the control valve 335 at OP5.
  • the opening degree OP4 of the control valve 335 is determined by the amount of increase in oxidizing gas due to the opening degree of the control valve 457 increasing from OP2 to OP3, and the amount of oxidizing gas increasing due to the opening degree of the control valve 335 decreasing from OP5 to OP4.
  • the amount of decrease is set to match the amount of decrease. That is, the opening degree OP4 of the control valve 335 is set so as to offset the increase in the amount of oxidizing gas supplied from the startup air heating line 455 to the oxidizing gas supply line 331.
  • the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 at time T1 is Te1, and at time T3, the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 reaches time Te3, which is the target temperature.
  • the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 at time T1 is Te1a, which is higher than Te1, and the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 reaches time Te3, which is the target temperature, at a timing earlier than time T3.
  • the control device 20 of the present embodiment controls the control valve 457 and the control valve so that the opening degree of the control valve 457 is increased from OP2 to OP3 and the opening degree of the control valve 335 is decreased from OP5 to OP4 at time T1a. Control valve 335.
  • the control device 20 of the present embodiment controls the control valve 457 and the control valve so as to increase the opening degree of the control valve (heating control valve) 457 and decrease the opening degree of the control valve (oxidizing gas control valve) 335 at time T1a.
  • a first control step for controlling valve 335 is performed.
  • the control device 20 opens the control valve 342 from the closed state while the opening degree of the control valve 457 increases from OP2 to OP3 and the opening degree of the control valve 335 decreases from OP5 to OP4. control valve 342 to switch to the state.
  • the control device 20 of this embodiment operates the control valve 342 so that the control valve 342 is switched from the closed state to the open state when the opening degree of the control valve 457 increases and the opening degree of the control valve 335 decreases at time T1.
  • a second control step is executed to control.
  • control device 20 may reduce the opening degree of the control valve (connection control valve) 456 at time T1a prior to switching the control valve 342 from the closed state to the open state. In this case, the control device 20 controls the opening degree of the control valve 456 to increase and return to the original opening degree at time T2.
  • the control valve 456 is arranged in a connection line that connects the exhaust oxidizing gas line 333 and the starting air heating line 455.
  • the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode 113 is increased by increasing the opening degree of the control valve 457 before switching the control valve 342 from the closed state to the open state.
  • the temperature of A2 can be increased. Therefore, the temperature of the power generation chamber 215 increases when the control valve 342 is switched from the closed state to the open state, compared to the case where the opening degree of the control valve 457 is not increased.
  • the activity of the fuel cell catalyst increases, so the unreacted exhaust fuel gas L3 decreases, and the number of revolutions per unit time of the turbine 423, which is rotationally driven by the exhaust fuel gas L3, decreases. The increase can be suppressed.
  • the opening degree of the control valve 335 by reducing the opening degree of the control valve 335, the increased amount of oxidizing gas supplied from the startup air heating line 455 to the oxidizing gas supply line 331 can be reduced. Can be offset. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the supply amount of the oxidizing gas A2 supplied from the oxidizing gas supply line 331 to the air electrode 113 from increasing excessively and lengthening the startup time.
  • a fuel cell system (310) according to a first aspect of the present disclosure includes a fuel cell (313) having an air electrode and a fuel electrode, and exhaust fuel gas and exhaust oxidizing gas discharged from the fuel cell are supplied as combustion gas.
  • a turbocharger having a turbine driven by the compressor and a compressor driven by the turbine; an oxidizing gas supply line (331) that supplies the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor to the air electrode;
  • a fuel gas line (341) that supplies the fuel electrode to the fuel electrode, a fuel gas control valve (342) disposed in the fuel gas line, and a heating section (341) that heats the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas supply line.
  • a blow line (444) connected to the oxidizing gas supply line and discharging the oxidizing gas to the outside, a blow valve (445) disposed in the blow line,
  • the blow valve When switching the fuel gas control valve from the closed state to the open state to start supplying the fuel gas to the fuel electrode, the blow valve is opened, and the power generation chamber (215) of the fuel cell is heated by the heating section.
  • a control device (20) that controls the fuel gas control valve and the blow valve to switch the blow valve to a closed state in response to a predetermined heating state due to the heated oxidizing gas.
  • the blow valve when switching the fuel gas control valve from the closed state to the open state to start supplying fuel gas to the fuel electrode, the blow valve is opened. A part of the oxidizing gas that has been compressed by the compressor and led to the oxidizing gas supply line is discharged to the outside from the open blow valve, so the oxidizing gas supply is lower than when the blow valve is closed. The amount of oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode by the line is reduced.
  • the blow valve is switched to the closed state in response to the power generation chamber of the fuel cell being brought into a predetermined heating state by the oxidizing gas heated by the heating section.
  • the blow valve is closed, the flow rate of the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode increases, but the power generation chamber is heated to a predetermined state and the activity of the catalyst of the fuel cell is increased. Therefore, the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode and the fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode can be caused to react appropriately.
  • the control device switches the blow valve to a closed state in response to the temperature of the power generation chamber becoming equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
  • the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode is Increase flow rate. Since the temperature in the power generation chamber is above a predetermined temperature and the activity of the fuel cell catalyst is increased, the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode and the fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode can react appropriately. .
  • the control device controls the control device according to the change in the number of revolutions per unit time of the turbocharger from an upward trend to a downward trend.
  • the blow valve may be configured to be switched to a closed state.
  • the blow valve is switched to the closed state in response to a change in the rotational speed per unit time of the turbocharger from an upward trend to a downward trend.
  • a change from an upward trend to a downward trend indicates that the amount of unreacted exhaust fuel gas has decreased due to increased activity of the fuel cell catalyst.
  • a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having an air electrode and a fuel electrode, a turbine to which exhaust fuel gas and exhaust oxidizing gas discharged from the fuel cell are supplied as combustion gas, and the turbine.
  • a turbocharger having a compressor driven by the compressor; an oxidizing gas supply line that supplies the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor to the air electrode; and an oxidizing gas control valve disposed in the oxidizing gas supply line.
  • a fuel gas line that supplies fuel gas to the fuel electrode, a fuel gas control valve disposed in the fuel gas line, and heating that heats the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas supply line.
  • the heating section includes an oxidizing gas heating line (455) having one end connected to the upstream side of the oxidizing gas control valve and the other end connected to the downstream side of the oxidizing gas control valve. ), and a heating control valve (457) disposed in the oxidizing gas heating line, the opening degree of the heating control valve being increased or decreased according to a preset operating state of the fuel cell. Also provided is a control device that controls the heating control valve and the oxidizing gas control valve so as to decrease or increase the opening degree of the oxidizing gas control valve.
  • the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode is reduced.
  • the temperature can be increased. Therefore, the temperature of the power generation chamber increases when the fuel gas control valve is switched from the closed state to the open state, compared to the case where the opening degree of the heating control valve is not increased.
  • the activity of the fuel cell catalyst increases, which reduces unreacted exhaust fuel gas and suppresses the increase in the number of revolutions per unit time of the turbine, which is driven by the exhaust fuel gas. be able to.
  • the oxidizing gas heating line can be The increased amount of oxidizing gas supplied to the oxidizing gas supply line can be offset. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase in the supply amount of the oxidizing gas supplied from the oxidizing gas supply line to the air electrode, thereby preventing an increase in startup time.
  • a fuel cell system in a fourth aspect, includes a blow line connected to the oxidizing gas supply line and discharging the oxidizing gas to the outside, and a blow line disposed in the blow line.
  • a valve the control device opens the blow valve when switching the fuel gas control valve from a closed state to an open state to start supplying the fuel gas to the fuel electrode;
  • the fuel gas control valve and the blow valve are controlled to switch the blow valve to a closed state in response to the power generation chamber of the fuel cell reaching a predetermined heating state due to the oxidizing gas heated by the heating section.
  • the blow valve when switching the fuel gas control valve from the closed state to the open state to start supplying fuel gas to the fuel electrode, the blow valve is in the open state. A part of the oxidizing gas that has been compressed by the compressor and led to the oxidizing gas supply line is discharged to the outside from the open blow valve, so the oxidizing gas supply is lower than when the blow valve is closed. The amount of oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode by the line is reduced.
  • the blow valve is switched to the closed state in response to the power generation chamber of the fuel cell being brought into a predetermined heating state by the oxidizing gas heated by the heating section. .
  • the blow valve is closed, the flow rate of the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode increases, but the power generation chamber is heated to a predetermined level and the activity of the fuel cell catalyst is increased. Therefore, the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode and the fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode can be caused to react appropriately.
  • the fuel cell system includes a combustor (422) that combusts the exhaust fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell; An exhaust oxidizing gas line (333) that supplies gas to the combustor, and a connection control valve (456) disposed in a connection line connecting the exhaust oxidizing gas line and the oxidizing gas heating line, The control device controls the connection control valve to reduce the opening degree of the connection control valve prior to switching the fuel gas control valve from a closed state to an open state.
  • the oxidizing gas heating line is removed from the oxidizing gas heating line.
  • a method of operating a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell having an air electrode and a fuel electrode, and an exhaust fuel gas and an exhaust oxidizing gas discharged from the fuel cell that are combusted.
  • a turbocharger having a turbine supplied as gas and a compressor driven by the turbine; an oxidizing gas supply line supplying the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor to the air electrode; and a turbocharger supplying the fuel gas to the fuel electrode.
  • the method includes a control step of controlling the blow valve to switch the blow valve to a closed state in response to the power generation chamber of the fuel cell being brought into a predetermined heating state by the oxidizing gas heated by the heating section.
  • the blow valve when switching the fuel gas control valve from the closed state to the open state to start supplying fuel gas to the fuel electrode, the blow valve is in the open state. becomes. A part of the oxidizing gas that has been compressed by the compressor and led to the oxidizing gas supply line is discharged to the outside from the open blow valve, so the oxidizing gas supply is lower than when the blow valve is closed. The amount of oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode by the line is reduced.
  • the blow valve is in the closed state in response to the power generation chamber of the fuel cell being brought into a predetermined heating state by the oxidizing gas heated by the heating section.
  • the blow valve can be switched to
  • the flow rate of the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode increases, but the power generation chamber is heated to a predetermined state and the activity of the catalyst of the fuel cell is increased. Therefore, the oxidizing gas supplied to the air electrode and the fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode can be caused to react appropriately.
  • the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having an air electrode and a fuel electrode, and an exhaust fuel gas and an exhaust oxidizing gas discharged from the fuel cell.
  • a turbocharger having a turbine supplied as a compressor and a compressor driven by the turbine; an oxidizing gas supply line supplying the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor to the air electrode; an oxidizing gas control valve disposed, a fuel gas line supplying fuel gas to the fuel electrode, a fuel gas control valve disposed in the fuel gas line, and the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas supply line.
  • a heating section that heats the oxidizing gas, the heating section having one end connected to the upstream side of the oxidizing gas control valve and the other end connected to the downstream side of the oxidizing gas control valve. It has a gas heating line and a heating control valve arranged in the oxidizing gas heating line, and increases or decreases the opening degree of the heating control valve according to a preset operating state of the fuel cell.
  • the method also includes a control step of controlling the heating control valve and the oxidizing gas control valve so as to decrease or increase the opening degree of the oxidizing gas control valve.
  • oxidation is supplied to the air electrode by increasing the opening degree of the heating control valve according to the preset operating state of the fuel cell.
  • the temperature of the gas can be increased. Therefore, the temperature of the power generation chamber increases when the fuel gas control valve is switched from the closed state to the open state, compared to the case where the opening degree of the heating control valve is not increased.
  • the activity of the fuel cell catalyst increases, which reduces unreacted exhaust fuel gas and suppresses the increase in the number of revolutions per unit time of the turbine, which is driven by the exhaust fuel gas. be able to.
  • the oxidizing gas The increased amount of oxidizing gas supplied from the heating line to the oxidizing gas supply line can be offset. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase in the supply amount of the oxidizing gas supplied from the oxidizing gas supply line to the air electrode, thereby preventing an increase in startup time.
  • the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having an air electrode and a fuel electrode, and an exhaust fuel gas and an exhaust oxidizing gas discharged from the fuel cell that are combusted.
  • a turbocharger having a turbine supplied as gas and a compressor driven by the turbine, an oxidizing gas supply line supplying the oxidizing gas compressed by the compressor to the air electrode, and the oxidizing gas supply line a fuel gas line for supplying fuel gas to the fuel electrode; a fuel gas control valve disposed in the fuel gas line; and an oxidizing gas control valve arranged in the oxidizing gas supply line.
  • a heating section that heats the oxidizing gas, the heating section having one end connected to the upstream side of the oxidizing gas control valve and the other end connected to the downstream side of the oxidizing gas control valve.
  • an oxidizing gas heating line and a heating control valve disposed in the oxidizing gas heating line; a first control step of controlling the heating control valve and the oxidizing gas control valve; and controlling the fuel gas in a state where the opening degree of the heating control valve increases and the opening degree of the oxidizing gas control valve decreases. and a second control step of controlling the fuel gas control valve to switch the valve from a closed state to an open state.
  • the air electrode prior to switching the fuel gas control valve from the closed state to the open state, by increasing the opening degree of the heating control valve, the air electrode is The temperature of the oxidizing gas supplied can be increased. Therefore, the temperature of the power generation chamber increases when the fuel gas control valve is switched from the closed state to the open state, compared to the case where the opening degree of the heating control valve is not increased. As the temperature in the power generation room increases, the activity of the fuel cell catalyst increases, which reduces unreacted exhaust fuel gas and suppresses the increase in the number of revolutions per unit time of the turbine, which is driven by the exhaust fuel gas. be able to.
  • the oxidizing gas is supplied from the oxidizing gas heating line to the oxidizing gas supply line.
  • the increase in oxidizing gas due to oxidizing gas can be offset. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase in the supply amount of the oxidizing gas supplied from the oxidizing gas supply line to the air electrode, thereby preventing an increase in startup time.
  • Control device 109 Fuel electrode 113 Air electrode 215 Power generation chamber 310
  • Fuel cell system 329 Combustion exhaust gas line 331 Oxidizing gas supply line 333
  • Exhaust oxidizing gas line 335 Control valve (oxidizing gas control valve) 341
  • Fuel gas line 342 Control valve (fuel gas control valve) 343
  • Exhaust fuel gas line 346 Shutoff valve 347
  • Regulating valve 348 Recirculation blower 349
  • Fuel gas recirculation line 350 Exhaust fuel gas release line 351
  • Exhaust air cooler 411 Turbocharger 421 Compressor 422 Catalytic combustor 423 Turbine 424
  • Rotating shaft 430 Heat exchanger vessel 441 orifice 442 exhaust heat recovery device 443
  • control valve 444 oxidizing gas blow line 445 blow valve 451 control valve 452 blower 455 starting air heating line (oxidizing gas heating line) 456
  • Control valve 457 Control valve (heating control valve) 458
  • Starting heater 459 Control valve 460 Control valve

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible (310) comprenant : une pile à combustible (313) ; un turbocompresseur (411) ; une conduite d'alimentation en gaz oxydant (331) qui fournit, à une électrode à air (113), un gaz oxydant comprimé par un compresseur (421) ; une conduite de gaz combustible (341) qui fournit un gaz combustible (L1) à une électrode à combustible (109) ; un dispositif de chauffage d'activation (458) qui chauffe le gaz oxydant ; une vanne de soufflage (445) disposée sur une conduite de soufflage de gaz oxydant (444) raccordée à la conduite d'alimentation en gaz oxydant (331) ; et un dispositif de commande (20) qui commande une vanne de commande (342) et la vanne de soufflage (445) de façon à mettre la vanne de soufflage (445) dans un état ouvert lors du démarrage de la fourniture du gaz combustible (L1) à l'électrode à combustible (109), et à basculer la vanne de soufflage (445) vers un état fermé conformément au fait qu'une chambre de production d'énergie de la pile à combustible (313) passe à un état de chauffage prescrit en raison du gaz oxydant (A2) chauffé par le dispositif de chauffage d'activation (458).
PCT/JP2023/006931 2022-07-05 2023-02-27 Système de pile à combustible et procédé d'exploitation d'un système de pile à combustible WO2024009552A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017104210A1 (fr) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 日産自動車株式会社 Système de pile à combustible et son procédé de commande
JP6591112B1 (ja) * 2019-05-31 2019-10-16 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 加圧空気供給システム及びこの加圧空気供給システムを備える燃料電池システム並びにこの加圧空気供給システムの起動方法
JP2021128876A (ja) * 2020-02-14 2021-09-02 三菱重工業株式会社 発電システム並びにその制御装置、制御方法、及び制御プログラム
JP2021136175A (ja) * 2020-02-27 2021-09-13 三菱パワー株式会社 燃料電池システム及びその起動方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017104210A1 (fr) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 日産自動車株式会社 Système de pile à combustible et son procédé de commande
JP6591112B1 (ja) * 2019-05-31 2019-10-16 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 加圧空気供給システム及びこの加圧空気供給システムを備える燃料電池システム並びにこの加圧空気供給システムの起動方法
JP2021128876A (ja) * 2020-02-14 2021-09-02 三菱重工業株式会社 発電システム並びにその制御装置、制御方法、及び制御プログラム
JP2021136175A (ja) * 2020-02-27 2021-09-13 三菱パワー株式会社 燃料電池システム及びその起動方法

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