WO2024005406A1 - 파워모듈 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
파워모듈 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024005406A1 WO2024005406A1 PCT/KR2023/008233 KR2023008233W WO2024005406A1 WO 2024005406 A1 WO2024005406 A1 WO 2024005406A1 KR 2023008233 W KR2023008233 W KR 2023008233W WO 2024005406 A1 WO2024005406 A1 WO 2024005406A1
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- ceramic substrate
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- circuit pattern
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- pattern
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- H10D64/013—Manufacture or treatment of electrodes having a conductor capacitively coupled to a semiconductor by an insulator
- H10D64/01302—Manufacture or treatment of electrodes having a conductor capacitively coupled to a semiconductor by an insulator the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H10D64/01304—Manufacture or treatment of electrodes having a conductor capacitively coupled to a semiconductor by an insulator the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
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- H10P76/20—Manufacture or treatment of masks on semiconductor bodies, e.g. by lithography or photolithography of masks comprising organic materials
- H10P76/204—Manufacture or treatment of masks on semiconductor bodies, e.g. by lithography or photolithography of masks comprising organic materials of organic photoresist masks
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- H10W70/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10W70/04—Manufacture or treatment of leadframes
- H10W70/041—Connecting or disconnecting interconnections to or from leadframes, e.g. connecting bond wires or bumps
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- H10W70/048—Mechanical treatments, e.g. punching, cutting, deforming or cold welding
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- H10W70/479—Leadframes on or in insulating or insulated package substrates, interposers, or redistribution layers
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- H10W70/611—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers for connecting multiple chips together
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- H10W70/60—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers
- H10W70/62—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers characterised by their interconnections
- H10W70/65—Shapes or dispositions of interconnections
- H10W70/658—Shapes or dispositions of interconnections for devices provided for in groups H10D8/00 - H10D48/00
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- H10W70/60—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers
- H10W70/62—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers characterised by their interconnections
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- H10W70/67—Insulating or insulated package substrates; Interposers; Redistribution layers characterised by their insulating layers or insulating parts
- H10W70/69—Insulating materials thereof
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- H10W90/791—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of direct-bonded pads
- H10W90/794—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of direct-bonded pads between a chip and a stacked insulating package substrate, interposer or RDL
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power module and a manufacturing method thereof, and more specifically, to a power module having a structure in which a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate and a lead frame-integrated ceramic substrate are stacked, and a manufacturing method thereof (POWER MODULE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF) .
- a power module is a semiconductor module optimized for power conversion or control by modularizing semiconductor elements into a package.
- a power module has a structure in which a substrate is placed on a base plate, and semiconductor devices are placed on the substrate.
- wire bonding made of gold (Au), copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al), and the substrate is also connected to the PCB by wire bonding. It has a composition. In other words, the power transfer line for electrical signal and power conversion is structured by wire bonding.
- a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate is disposed on the upper part with a semiconductor chip in between, and a lead frame-integrated ceramic substrate is disposed on the lower part to maximize the heat dissipation effect, and the lead frame
- the purpose is to provide a power module and a method of manufacturing the same that are easy to control and have improved electrical characteristics.
- a power module for achieving the above-described object includes a first ceramic substrate including a first ceramic substrate and a first circuit pattern formed on at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate, and a first circuit pattern. an electrode pattern portion formed in and bonded to the electrode of a semiconductor chip mounted on the first ceramic substrate, spaced apart from the lower portion of the first ceramic substrate, and a second ceramic substrate formed on at least one surface of the second ceramic substrate.
- a second ceramic substrate including a circuit pattern, a lead frame disposed between the first ceramic substrate and the second ceramic substrate and bonded to the second circuit pattern, and a lead frame disposed between the first circuit pattern and the lead frame to form a first circuit pattern. It may include a spacer that separates the lead frame from the lead frame.
- the electrode pattern portion may be formed so that the remaining area, excluding a portion of the half-etched area of the first circuit pattern, protrudes, and may be formed to have an area corresponding to the electrode of the semiconductor chip.
- the spacer may have a height greater than the combined height of the electrode pattern portion and the semiconductor chip.
- the lead frame may be bonded to the second ceramic substrate using one of brazing, welding, and Ag sintering methods.
- the spacer may be formed of Cu or CuMo material, or may be formed of CPC material in which Cu, CuMo, and Cu are sequentially stacked.
- a power module manufacturing method includes preparing a first ceramic substrate including a first ceramic substrate, a first circuit pattern formed on at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate, and an electrode pattern portion formed on the first circuit pattern. Step, bonding the electrode of the semiconductor chip to the electrode pattern portion, bonding one surface of the spacer to the first circuit pattern, a second ceramic substrate and a second circuit pattern and a second circuit formed on at least one surface of the second ceramic substrate. It may include preparing a second ceramic substrate including a lead frame bonded to the pattern and bonding the other side of the spacer to the lead frame.
- Preparing a first ceramic substrate includes bonding a metal layer to at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate, etching the metal layer to form a first circuit pattern, and half-etching a portion of the first circuit pattern to form a portion of the portion. It may include forming a protruding electrode pattern portion in the remaining area except for.
- the lead frame may be joined to the second ceramic substrate by one of brazing, welding, and Ag sintering bonding.
- Forming the electrode pattern portion includes forming a photoresist on the first circuit pattern, placing a mask with a pattern corresponding to the electrode pattern portion on the photoresist, and then exposing and developing the photoresist pattern to form a photoresist pattern. , half-etching a partial region of the first circuit pattern in the thickness direction using the photoresist pattern as a mask, and removing the photoresist pattern.
- the depth of half-etching may be half the thickness of the first circuit pattern.
- the step of forming the photoresist can be formed by attaching a dry film photoresist on the first circuit pattern.
- the metal layer may be annealed and heat treated to remove thermal stress.
- the step of joining the metal layer includes forming a brazing filler layer with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m between at least one side of the first ceramic substrate and the metal layer by any one of paste application, foil attachment, and P-filler. It may include arranging, melting and brazing the brazing filler layer.
- the brazing filler layer may be made of a material containing at least one of Ag, Cu, AgCu, and AgCuTi.
- the first ceramic substrate which is a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate
- the second ceramic substrate is a lead frame-integrated ceramic substrate, and then they are manufactured by joining them, so that the thickness of the lead frame can be easily controlled in the power module assembly stage. It is possible to miniaturize, improve electrical characteristics through a lead frame, and increase the heat dissipation effect.
- the present invention forms an electrode pattern portion on one side of the first ceramic substrate so that it can serve as a power transfer line for electrical signal and power conversion. Therefore, the present invention can not only omit wire bonding, but can also secure both the multiple connection of semiconductor chips and the heat dissipation effect by applying it to a power module. It also contributes to miniaturization, so the performance of the power module can be further improved.
- the electrode pattern portion is not separated from the first circuit pattern and is integrated, electrical conductivity can be improved and resistance characteristics can be improved. In addition, since there is no need for soldering, sintering, etc. when forming the electrode pattern portion, voids that may occur on the joint surface during bonding can be minimized.
- the heat generated from the semiconductor chips can be dissipated not only to the first ceramic substrate, but also to the lead frame and the second ceramic substrate, thereby dissipating heat. Characteristics can be maximized.
- FIG. 1 is a bottom view showing a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in FIG. 1.
- Figure 3 is a side view schematically showing a state in which a semiconductor chip is bonded to a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a bottom view showing a first ceramic substrate in a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a side view showing the first ceramic substrate of Figure 4.
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B' in Figure 4.
- FIG. 7 is a side view showing a state in which a plurality of semiconductor chips are bonded to the first ceramic substrate of FIG. 5.
- Figure 8 is a plan view showing a second ceramic substrate in a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a bottom view showing a lead frame in a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a bottom view showing a second circuit pattern formed on the upper surface of the second ceramic substrate in the bonding structure of the lead frame and the second ceramic substrate.
- Figure 11 is a bottom view showing a second circuit pattern formed on the lower surface of the second ceramic substrate in the bonding structure of the lead frame and the second ceramic substrate.
- Figure 12 is a flow chart showing a power module manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 13 is a flowchart showing the step of preparing a first ceramic substrate in the power module manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 14 is a flowchart showing the step of forming an electrode pattern portion in the step of preparing the first ceramic substrate.
- Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which photoresist is formed on the first circuit pattern.
- Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a mask is placed on a photoresist and exposed to light.
- Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the developed state of the exposed photoresist.
- Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the first circuit pattern in an area without a photoresist pattern is half-etched in the thickness direction.
- Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the remaining photoresist pattern has been removed.
- each layer (film), region, pattern or structure is said to be formed “on” or “under” the substrate, each layer (film), region, pad or pattern.
- “on” and “under” include both being formed “directly” or “indirectly” through another layer.
- the standards for the top or bottom of each floor are based on the drawing.
- a power module is an electronic component in the form of a package made up of various components and may include multiple substrates and multiple semiconductor chips. Since the present invention is characterized by a power module with a multi-layer structure consisting of a first ceramic substrate that is a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate and a second ceramic substrate that is a lead frame-integrated ceramic substrate among the components included in the power module, the description will focus on this.
- FIG. 1 is a bottom view showing a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a semiconductor chip in a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention. This is a side view schematically showing the joined state.
- the power module 1 has a multi-layer structure in which a first ceramic substrate 100 and a second ceramic substrate 200 are arranged at regular intervals,
- the first ceramic substrate 100 can be called a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate because the spacer 400 is bonded to it
- the second ceramic substrate 200 can be called a lead frame-integrated ceramic substrate because the lead frame 300 is bonded to it.
- the semiconductor chip (c) may be mounted on the first ceramic substrate 100 and arranged to face the lead frame 300 bonded to the second ceramic substrate 200.
- the semiconductor chip (c) may be a SiC chip, GaN chip, or Si chip that can respond to requirements such as high-power switch, high-speed switch, minimized power loss, and small chip size.
- various devices such as MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor), HEMT (High Electric Mobility Transistor), and FRD (Fast Recovery Diode) may be used.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- JFET Joint Field Effect Transistor
- HEMT High Electric Mobility Transistor
- FRD Fest Recovery Diode
- the power module 1 is double-sided cooling (DSC: This is a Dual-Side Cooling type power module. Power modules with double-sided cooling can maximize the heat dissipation effect compared to power modules with single-sided cooling.
- the power module 1 has the characteristic of being assembled with the lead frame 300 integrally bonded to the second ceramic substrate 200. That is, conventionally, after assembling a double-sided cooling power module including a pair of ceramic substrates, a separate lead frame 300 is additionally bonded, so the thickness of the power module including the lead frame can be easily controlled at the power module assembly stage. It's difficult to do.
- the power module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention prepares a first ceramic substrate 100, which is a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate, prepares a second ceramic substrate 200, which is a lead frame-integrated ceramic substrate, and then bonds them.
- the thickness of the lead frame 300 can be easily controlled at the power module assembly stage and miniaturization is possible.
- the power module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of improving electrical characteristics through the lead frame 300 and increasing heat dissipation effect.
- the first ceramic substrate 100 and the second ceramic substrate 200 are either an Active Metal Brazing (AMB) substrate, a Direct Bonding Copper (DBC) substrate, a Thick Printing Copper (TPC) substrate, or a Direct Brazed Aluminum (DBA) substrate.
- AMB Active Metal Brazing
- DBC Direct Bonding Copper
- TPC Thick Printing Copper
- DBA Direct Brazed Aluminum
- the AMB substrate has excellent durability and heat dissipation efficiency, so for example, the first ceramic substrate 100 and the second ceramic substrate 200 are AMB substrates.
- the first ceramic substrate 100 may include a first ceramic substrate 110 and first circuit patterns 121 and 122 formed on at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate 110.
- the first ceramic substrate 110 may be made of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), AlN, SiN, or Si 3 N 4 .
- the first circuit patterns 121 and 122 may be formed on both sides of the first ceramic substrate 110. Both sides of the first ceramic substrate 110 may refer to the upper and lower surfaces of the first ceramic substrate 110.
- the first circuit patterns 121 and 122 may be made of at least one of Cu, Al, AlSiC, CuMo, CuW, Cu/CuMo/Cu, Cu/Mo/Cu, and Cu/W/Cu, or a composite material thereof.
- the first circuit patterns 121 and 122 are formed on the first ceramic substrate 110 by at least one of Cu, Al, AlSiC, CuMo, CuW, Cu/CuMo/Cu, Cu/Mo/Cu, and Cu/W/Cu. It may be formed by brazing and then etching metal layers made of composite materials.
- the thickness of the first ceramic substrate 110 may be 0.32t, and the thickness of the first circuit patterns 121 and 122 may be 0.3t. That is, the thickness of the first circuit pattern 121 formed on the upper surface of the first ceramic substrate 110 and the thickness of the first circuit pattern 122 formed on the lower surface of the first ceramic substrate 110 may be the same.
- Figure 4 is a bottom view showing the first ceramic substrate in the power module according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 5 is a side view showing the first ceramic substrate in Figure 4
- Figure 6 is taken along line B-B' in Figure 4. This is a cross-sectional view.
- the first circuit pattern 122 formed on the lower surface of the first ceramic substrate 110 is an electrode pattern portion 130 that is bonded to an electrode (not shown) of the semiconductor chip (c).
- the electrode pattern portion 130 may be configured to include a first electrode pattern portion 131 and a second electrode pattern portion 132.
- the first electrode pattern portion 131 may be connected to the source electrode of the semiconductor chip (c)
- the second electrode pattern portion 132 may be connected to the gate electrode of the semiconductor chip (c).
- the source electrode of the semiconductor chip (c) is a terminal responsible for inputting and outputting high current
- the gate electrode of the semiconductor chip (c) is a terminal that turns the semiconductor chip (c) on and off using a low voltage.
- a plurality of electrode pattern portions 130 may be formed in consideration of the number and location of electrodes of the semiconductor chip (c) so as to be bonded to the electrodes of the semiconductor chip (c). Since this electrode pattern portion 130 is electrically connected to the electrode of the semiconductor chip (c), it can serve as a power transfer line for electrical signal and power conversion.
- the spacer 400 is bonded to the remaining area of the first circuit pattern 122 except for the area where the electrode pattern portion 130 is formed, and forms a gap between the lead frame 300 and the lead frame 300 disposed on the lower part of the first ceramic substrate 100. It can be spaced apart and perform the function of increasing heat dissipation efficiency. That is, when the first circuit pattern 122 on which the semiconductor chip (c) is mounted is connected to the lead frame 300 and the thermally conductive spacer 400, heat generated from the semiconductor chip (c) is transmitted to the spacer 400. ), it can be emitted not only to the first ceramic substrate 100 but also to the lead frame 300 and the second ceramic substrate 200, so rapid heat dissipation is possible.
- the spacer 400 is disposed between the first circuit pattern 122 and the lead frame 300 to space the first circuit pattern 122 and the lead frame 300, and performs heat dissipation and support functions. It may have a height greater than or equal to the combined height of the electrode pattern portion 130 and the semiconductor chip (c) mounted on the electrode pattern portion 130. For example, if the height of the electrode pattern portion 130 is 0.5 mm and the height of the semiconductor chip (c) is 150 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m, the height of the spacer 400 is equal to the height of the electrode pattern portion 130 and the semiconductor chip (c). ) can be formed to be 0.7mm higher than the combined height. Additionally, the spacer 400 may be formed in various shapes, such as a square block shape or a cylindrical shape.
- the spacer 400 may be formed of a material such as Cu, CuMo, or a CPC material in which Cu, CuMo, and Cu are sequentially stacked.
- the material of the spacer 400 may be selected from a material that satisfies the conditions of electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient.
- the spacer 400 may be bonded to the first circuit pattern 122 of the first ceramic substrate 100 via the first bonding layer 410.
- the first bonding layer 410 may be a sintered Ag bonding layer.
- the first bonding layer 410 may be formed by applying Ag sintering paste, or may be formed by transferring the Ag sintering paste using a film on which Ag sintering paste is printed.
- This first bonding layer 410 is disposed between the first circuit pattern 122 and one surface of the spacer 400, and the spacer 400 connects the first circuit pattern 122 through the first bonding layer 410.
- the temperature of the heating furnace during sintering bonding may vary depending on the components of the bonding layer, but is preferably performed at a temperature of 200°C to 250°C, and at this time, a pressure of 10 MPa to 15 MPa may be applied.
- the spacer 400 Since the spacer 400 has a certain size, it can be manufactured through mechanical processing such as wire cutting and forging. Because the electrode pattern portion 130 is relatively small in size, it can be formed by etching. Here, when the relatively smaller second electrode pattern portion 132 of the electrode pattern portion 130 is formed by etching, it may be formed in the shape of a square pyramid whose cross-sectional area becomes smaller toward the top.
- the electrode pattern portion 130 may be formed so that the remaining area of the first circuit pattern 122, excluding a portion of the half-etched area, protrudes.
- the depth at which a partial region of the first circuit pattern 122 is half-etched may be half the thickness (t) of the first circuit pattern 122, and at this time, the thickness of the electrode pattern portion 130, which is the remaining region excluding the partial region, is may be half (t/2) of the thickness of the first circuit pattern 122.
- the electrode pattern portion 130 which is formed by half-etching a portion of the first circuit pattern 122, is integrated with the first circuit pattern 122 and is not separated, electrical conductivity may be improved and resistance characteristics may be improved. In addition, since there is no need for soldering, sintering, etc. when forming the electrode pattern portion 130, voids that may occur at the joint surface during bonding can be minimized. In addition, heat generated from the semiconductor chip (c) can be easily transferred to the first ceramic substrate 100, a heat sink (not shown) coupled to the first ceramic substrate 100, etc. through the electrode pattern portion 130. Therefore, heat dissipation efficiency can be increased.
- FIG. 7 is a side view showing a state in which a plurality of semiconductor chips are bonded to the first ceramic substrate of FIG. 5.
- a plurality of semiconductor chips (c) may be bonded to each of the electrode pattern portions 130 via a bonding layer (b).
- the bonding layer (b) is for bonding the electrode of the semiconductor chip (c) to one surface of each electrode pattern portion 130, and may include solder or silver paste (Ag paste).
- Solder can be made of SnPb-based, SnAg-based, SnAgCu-based, or Cu-based solder paste with high joint strength and excellent high-temperature reliability.
- Silver paste has better high-temperature reliability and higher thermal conductivity than solder.
- the silver paste may contain 90 to 99% by weight of Ag powder and 1 to 10% by weight of binder to ensure high thermal conductivity.
- Ag powder may be nanoparticles.
- Ag powder, a nanoparticle can be sintered at low temperatures, has high thermal conductivity, and has high bonding density.
- each of the first electrode pattern portion 131 and the second electrode pattern portion 132 may be formed with an area corresponding to the electrode area of the semiconductor chip c to be bonded.
- Each of the first electrode pattern portion 131 and the second electrode pattern portion 132 may be 0.5 mm or more in size and 0.3 mm or more in thickness, but are not limited thereto.
- the electrode pattern portion 130 is formed to be bonded to the electrode of the semiconductor chip (c) so that the semiconductor chip (c) is mounted on the first ceramic substrate 100 in a form similar to a flip chip. That is, when the semiconductor chip (c) is bonded to the electrode pattern portion 130 of the first ceramic substrate 100, the power transmission path is shortened, thereby improving electrical loss and load due to resistance on the power transmission path. Additionally, since the electrode pattern portion 130 can serve as a power transfer line for electrical signal and power conversion instead of conventional wire bonding, wire bonding can be omitted. If wire bonding is omitted, the inductance value is reduced, which has the effect of improving heat dissipation performance. In addition, while eliminating electrical hazards that may occur during wire bonding, conversion of rated voltage and current using a semiconductor chip is stable, and reliability and efficiency can be increased when used at high power.
- Figure 8 is a plan view showing a second ceramic substrate in a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the second ceramic substrate 200 may include a second ceramic substrate 210 and second circuit patterns 221 and 222 formed on at least one surface of the second ceramic substrate 210.
- the second ceramic substrate 210 may be made of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), AlN, SiN, or Si 3 N 4 .
- the second circuit patterns 221 and 222 may be formed on both sides of the second ceramic substrate 210. Both sides of the second ceramic substrate 210 may refer to the upper and lower surfaces of the second ceramic substrate 210.
- the second circuit patterns 221 and 222 may be made of at least one of Cu, Al, AlSiC, CuMo, CuW, Cu/CuMo/Cu, Cu/Mo/Cu, and Cu/W/Cu, or a composite material thereof.
- the second circuit patterns 221 and 222 are formed on the second ceramic substrate 210 by at least one of Cu, Al, AlSiC, CuMo, CuW, Cu/CuMo/Cu, Cu/Mo/Cu, and Cu/W/Cu. It may be formed by brazing and then etching metal layers made of composite materials.
- the thickness of the second ceramic substrate 210 may be 0.32t, and the thickness of the second circuit patterns 221 and 222 may be 0.3t. That is, the thickness of the second circuit pattern 221 formed on the upper surface of the second ceramic substrate 210 and the thickness of the second circuit pattern 222 formed on the lower surface of the second ceramic substrate 210 may be the same.
- FIG. 9 is a bottom view showing a lead frame in a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a bottom view showing a second circuit pattern formed on the upper surface of the second ceramic substrate in a bonding structure between the lead frame and the second ceramic substrate.
- 11 is a bottom view showing a second circuit pattern formed on the lower surface of the second ceramic substrate in the joint structure of the lead frame and the second ceramic substrate.
- the lead frame 300 is a type of frame in which a circuit is installed inside to connect electrical signals of electronic materials. It is initially manufactured as an integrated piece as shown in FIG. 9, but the lead frame 300 of FIG. It can be trimmed like (300).
- the lead frame 300 may be disposed between the first ceramic substrate 100 and the second ceramic substrate 200 and bonded to the second circuit pattern 221 .
- the lead frame 300 may be configured to include a first lead portion 310a, a second lead portion 310b, and a third lead portion 320.
- the first lead portion 310a and the second lead portion 310b are parts that are joined to the second circuit pattern 221 formed on the upper surface of the second ceramic substrate 200.
- the second lead portion 310b is disposed on both sides and can be bonded to the same circuit pattern, and the first lead portion 310a disposed between the second lead portions 310b can be bonded to a different circuit pattern. there is.
- the lead frame 300 may be formed of Cu or Al materials, and may be manufactured through mold processing, etc. for height control.
- the lead frame 300 may be manufactured to have a height of 0.5 mm or more.
- the second circuit pattern 222 is formed on the opposite surface of the second ceramic substrate 200 to the surface joined to the lead frame 300, that is, the second circuit pattern 222 is formed on the lower surface of the second ceramic substrate 210.
- the circuit pattern 222 may be formed in a different form from the second circuit pattern 221 shown in FIGS. 8 and 10.
- the form of the second circuit pattern 222 shown in FIG. 11 represents one embodiment, but is not limited thereto and may be implemented in various forms.
- the lead frame 300 may be joined to the second ceramic substrate 200 using one of brazing, welding, and Ag sintering methods.
- the brazing method is a method of melting and joining the brazing filler layer at a temperature of 450°C or higher and below the melting point of the base material.
- Welding methods include laser welding and ultrasonic welding, and among these, laser welding can be mainly used.
- the laser welding method uses a laser beam, and the two members can be melted and joined by the heat generated by the laser beam. This laser welding method is non-contact and has excellent welding quality and can increase productivity.
- Ag sintering bonding is sintering by placing an Ag sintering bonding layer between the lead frame 300 and the second ceramic substrate 200.
- the Ag sintering bonding layer is formed by applying Ag sintering paste or printing Ag sintering paste. It can be formed by transferring Ag sintering paste using an existing film.
- the temperature of the heating furnace during Ag sintering bonding may vary depending on the components of the bonding layer, but is preferably performed at a temperature of 200°C to 250°C, and at this time, a pressure of 10 MPa to 15 MPa may be applied.
- the second ceramic substrate 200 to which the lead frame 300 is integrally bonded may be bonded to the first ceramic substrate 100, which is a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate, as shown in FIG. 3 .
- the other surface of the spacer 400 bonded to the first ceramic substrate 100 may be bonded to the upper surface of the lead frame 300 via the second bonding layer 420.
- the second bonding layer 420 may be a sintered Ag bonding layer.
- the second bonding layer 420 may be formed by applying Ag sintering paste, or may be formed by transferring the Ag sintering paste using a film on which Ag sintering paste is printed.
- This second bonding layer 420 is disposed between the other surface of the spacer 400 and the lead frame 300, and the spacer 400 is sintered and bonded to the lead frame 300 through the second bonding layer 420.
- the temperature of the heating furnace during sintering bonding may vary depending on the components of the bonding layer, but is preferably performed at a temperature of 200°C to 250°C, and at this time, a pressure of 10 MPa to 15 MPa may be applied.
- Figure 12 is a flowchart showing a power module manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 13 is a flowchart showing the step of preparing a first ceramic substrate in the power module manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 14 is It is a flowchart showing the step of forming an electrode pattern part in the step of preparing the first ceramic substrate
- Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the photoresist is formed on the first circuit pattern
- Figure 16 is a mask placed on the photoresist.
- Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the exposed photoresist is developed
- Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the first circuit pattern in the area without a photoresist pattern is half-etched in the thickness direction
- Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the remaining photoresist pattern has been removed.
- the power module manufacturing method includes the first ceramic substrate 110, the first circuit patterns 121 and 122 formed on at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate 110, and the first ceramic substrate 110, as shown in FIG. 12.
- Preparing a second ceramic substrate 200 including circuit patterns 221 and 222 and a lead frame 300 bonded to the second circuit pattern 221 (S400), and forming the other side of the spacer 400 into a lead frame (S400). 300) may include a bonding step (S500).
- each step may be performed sequentially, may be performed in a different order, or may be performed substantially simultaneously.
- the step of preparing the first ceramic substrate 100 includes bonding a metal layer to at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate 110 (S110) as shown in FIG. 13, and etching the metal layer to form the first
- a step of forming circuit patterns 121 and 122 (S120) and a step of half-etching a partial region of the first circuit pattern 122 to form a protruding electrode pattern portion 130 in the remaining region excluding the partial region (S130). ) may include.
- a metal layer made of metal may be bonded to at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate 110 through an active metal brazing (AMB) process.
- AMB active metal brazing
- the first ceramic substrate 110 may be made of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), ZTA, AlN, or Si 3 N 4 .
- the metal layer may be joined to the upper and lower surfaces of the first ceramic substrate 110 by brazing.
- the metal layer may be other electrode material such as Cu or Al or a metal alloy.
- the metal layer may be made of at least one of Cu, Al, AlSiC, CuMo, CuW, Cu/CuMo/Cu, Cu/Mo/Cu, and Cu/W/Cu, or a composite material thereof.
- the metal layer may be annealed and heat treated to remove thermal stress. Since the metal layer is provided thicker than the thickness for forming the electrode pattern portion 130 through subsequent etching processing, problems such as bending due to thermal stress may occur during brazing bonding to the first ceramic substrate 110. Therefore, if thermal stress, thermal strain, etc. are removed in advance through annealing heat treatment before the metal layer is brazed to the first ceramic substrate 110, thermal stress generated by thermal expansion and contraction during the brazing bonding process can be alleviated. there is. In addition, the occurrence of warping of the metal layer is minimized, so the joint area is not damaged, and subsequent etching processing can be performed smoothly. The temperature and time of the annealing heat treatment can be appropriately adjusted depending on the metal layer material, etc.
- a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less is formed between at least one side of the first ceramic substrate 110 and the metal layer by any one of paste application, foil attachment, and P-filler. It may include the step of disposing a brazing filler layer having a and melting the brazing filler layer and joining the brazing filler layer.
- the brazing filler layer may be made of a material containing at least one of Ag, Cu, AgCu, and AgCuTi.
- the step of melting the brazing filler layer and brazing it can be performed at 450°C or higher.
- the metal layer bonded to at least one surface of the first ceramic substrate 110 may be etched according to a designed pattern to form the first circuit patterns 121 and 122.
- the electrode pattern portion 130 may be formed by half-etching a partial region of the first circuit pattern 122 through a photolithography process.
- a plurality of such electrode pattern portions 130 may be formed in consideration of the number and location of electrodes of the semiconductor chip (c) so as to be bonded to the electrodes of the semiconductor chip (c). Since this electrode pattern portion 130 is electrically connected to the electrode of the semiconductor chip (c), it can serve as a power transfer line for electrical signal and power conversion.
- the step of forming the electrode pattern portion 130 includes the step of forming the photoresist 10 on the first circuit pattern 122 (S131) and the electrode pattern portion (S131).
- a step (S132) of forming a photoresist pattern 11 by placing a mask 20 with a pattern corresponding to 130 on the photoresist 10 and then exposing and developing the photoresist pattern 11 as a mask. This may include a step of half-etching a partial region of the first circuit pattern 122 in the thickness direction (S133) and a step of removing the photoresist pattern 11 (S134).
- the photoresist 10 may be formed on the first circuit pattern 122 to a predetermined thickness.
- the photoresist 10 can be formed by attaching a dry film photoresist on the first circuit pattern 122.
- the thickness (t) of the first circuit pattern 122 on the side where the electrode pattern portion 130 is formed may be 0.6t, and the thickness of the first circuit pattern 121 formed on the opposite side may be 0.3t. It can be.
- the mask 20 having a pattern corresponding to the electrode pattern portion 130 is placed on the photoresist 10 and then a light source such as UV (Ultra violet) is applied. It may include a step of investigating. As shown in FIG. 16, when a light source is irradiated through the mask 20, the pattern formed on the mask 20 may be transferred to the photoresist 10.
- the type in which only the portion exposed by the light source is developed is the positive method
- the type in which only the portion not exposed is developed is the negative method.
- the present invention describes an example in which a positive type photoresist 10 is used, but a negative type photoresist 10 may also be used.
- the step of forming the photoresist pattern 11 may include developing the exposed photoresist 10.
- the exposed photoresist 10 is developed, as shown in FIG. 17, only the photoresist in the area corresponding to the mask 20 pattern remains, thereby forming the photoresist pattern 11.
- the half-etching step (S133) is to remove the first circuit pattern 122 without the photoresist pattern 11 by a process such as dry etching or wet etching. Some areas can be half-etched in the thickness direction. Here, the depth of half-etching may be half (t/2) of the thickness of the first circuit pattern 122. In this way, when the first circuit pattern 122 in the area without the photoresist pattern 11 is half-etched by half the thickness using the photoresist pattern 11 as a mask, the area where the photoresist pattern 11 remains is etched. The first circuit pattern 122 may protrude further than the half-etched peripheral area.
- the first circuit pattern 122 in the area without the photoresist pattern 11 may be half-etched by 0.3t in the thickness direction, and the photoresist pattern 122 may be half-etched in the thickness direction by 0.3t.
- the first circuit pattern 122 in the area where the pattern 11 remains may protrude by 0.3t more than the half-etched area.
- the photoresist pattern 11 remaining on the electrode pattern portion 130 is removed to finally form the electrode pattern portion 130. can be formed.
- the electrode of the semiconductor chip (c) may be bonded to the electrode pattern portion 130 via a bonding layer (b).
- the bonding layer (b) is for bonding the electrode of the semiconductor chip (c) to one surface of the electrode pattern portion 130, and may include solder or silver paste (Ag paste).
- Solder can be made of SnPb-based, SnAg-based, SnAgCu-based, or Cu-based solder paste with high joint strength and excellent high-temperature reliability. Silver paste has better high-temperature reliability and higher thermal conductivity than solder.
- the silver paste may contain 90 to 99% by weight of Ag powder and 1 to 10% by weight of binder to ensure high thermal conductivity.
- Ag powder may be nanoparticles.
- Ag powder, a nanoparticle can be sintered at low temperatures, has high thermal conductivity, and has high bonding density.
- one side of the spacer 400 is bonded to the first ceramic substrate 100 through the first bonding layer 410. It can be bonded to the circuit pattern 122.
- the first bonding layer 410 may be a sintered Ag bonding layer.
- the first bonding layer 410 can be formed by applying Ag sintering paste, or by transferring the Ag sintering paste using a film printed with Ag sintering paste. This first bonding layer 410 is disposed between the first circuit pattern 122 and one surface of the spacer 400, and the spacer 400 connects the first circuit pattern 122 through the first bonding layer 410. Can be sintered and bonded to.
- a second ceramic substrate including a second ceramic substrate 210, second circuit patterns 221 and 222 formed on at least one surface of the second ceramic substrate 210, and a lead frame 300 bonded to the second circuit pattern 221.
- the second circuit patterns 221 and 222 may be formed by bonding a metal layer to at least one surface of the second ceramic substrate 210 and etching the metal layer.
- the second ceramic substrate 210 may be any one of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), AlN, SiN, and Si 3 N 4 , and the metal layer may be made of Cu, Al, AlSiC, CuMo, CuW, and Cu. It may be made of at least one of /CuMo/Cu, Cu/Mo/Cu, and Cu/W/Cu, or a composite material thereof.
- the lead frame 300 may be bonded to the second ceramic substrate 200 by one of brazing, welding, and Ag sintering bonding.
- the brazing method is a method of melting and joining the brazing filler layer at a temperature of 450°C or higher and below the melting point of the base material.
- Welding methods include laser welding and ultrasonic welding, and among these, laser welding can be mainly used.
- the laser welding method uses a laser beam, and the two members can be melted and joined by the heat generated by the laser beam. This laser welding method is non-contact and has excellent welding quality and can increase productivity.
- Ag sintering bonding is sintering by placing an Ag sintering bonding layer between the lead frame 300 and the second ceramic substrate 200.
- the Ag sintering bonding layer is formed by applying Ag sintering paste or printing Ag sintering paste. It can be formed by transferring Ag sintering paste using an existing film.
- the other surface of the spacer 400 may be bonded to the upper surface of the lead frame 300 via the second bonding layer 420.
- the second bonding layer 420 may be a sintered Ag bonding layer.
- the second bonding layer 420 may be formed by applying Ag sintering paste, or may be formed by transferring the Ag sintering paste using a film on which Ag sintering paste is printed. This second bonding layer 420 is disposed between the other surface of the spacer 400 and the lead frame 300, and the spacer 400 is sintered and bonded to the lead frame 300 through the second bonding layer 420. You can.
- the power module 1 prepares a first ceramic substrate 100, which is a spacer-integrated ceramic substrate, and a second ceramic substrate 200, which is a lead frame-integrated ceramic substrate, and then prepares them. Because it is manufactured by joining, the thickness of the lead frame 300 can be easily controlled at the power module assembly stage and miniaturization is possible.
- the power module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of improving electrical characteristics through the lead frame 300 and increasing heat dissipation effect.
- the first circuit pattern 122 on which the semiconductor chip (c) is mounted is connected to the lead frame 300 and the thermally conductive spacer 400, heat generated from the semiconductor chip (c) is transmitted to the first ceramic Since it can be emitted not only to the substrate 100 but also to the lead frame 300 and the second ceramic substrate 200, rapid heat dissipation is possible.
- the metal layer bonded to the first ceramic substrate 110 is etched to form first circuit patterns 121 and 122, and some areas of the first circuit pattern 122 are etched again.
- the electrode pattern portion 130 may be etched to form a desired thickness. Since this electrode pattern portion 130 is integrated with the first circuit pattern 122, electrical conductivity can be improved and resistance characteristics can be improved. In addition, since there is no need for soldering, sintering, etc. when forming the electrode pattern portion 130, voids that may occur at the joint surface during bonding can be minimized.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 제1 세라믹기재와 상기 제1 세라믹기재의 적어도 일면에 형성된 제1 회로패턴을 포함하는 제1 세라믹기판;상기 제1 회로패턴에 형성되고, 상기 제1 세라믹기판에 실장하는 반도체 칩의 전극과 접합되는 전극패턴부;상기 제1 세라믹기판의 하부에 이격되게 배치되며, 제2 세라믹기재와 상기 제2 세라믹기재의 적어도 일면에 형성된 제2 회로패턴을 포함하는 제2 세라믹기판;상기 제1 세라믹기판과 상기 제2 세라믹기판 사이에 배치되고, 상기 제2 회로패턴에 접합되는 리드 프레임; 및상기 제1 회로패턴과 상기 리드 프레임의 사이에 배치되어 상기 제1 회로패턴과 상기 리드 프레임을 이격시키는 스페이서;를 포함하는 파워모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전극패턴부는,상기 제1 회로패턴에서 하프 에칭된 일부 영역을 제외한 나머지 영역이 돌출되어 형성된 파워모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스페이서는 상기 전극패턴부와 상기 반도체 칩을 합한 높이 이상의 높이를 갖는 파워모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전극패턴부는 상기 반도체 칩의 전극에 대응되는 면적으로 형성된 파워모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리드 프레임은 상기 제2 세라믹기판에 브레이징, 웰딩, Ag 소결 접합 중 하나의 방법으로 접합되는 파워모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스페이서는 Cu 또는 CuMo 재료로 형성되거나, Cu, CuMo, Cu가 순차적으로 적층된 CPC 소재로 형성된 파워모듈.
- 제1 세라믹기재와 상기 제1 세라믹기재의 적어도 일면에 형성된 제1 회로패턴 및 상기 제1 회로패턴에 형성된 전극패턴부를 포함하는 제1 세라믹기판을 준비하는 단계;상기 전극패턴부에 반도체 칩의 전극을 접합하는 단계;스페이서의 일면을 상기 제1 회로패턴에 접합시키는 단계;제2 세라믹기재와 상기 제2 세라믹기재의 적어도 일면에 형성된 제2 회로패턴 및 상기 제2 회로패턴에 접합된 리드 프레임을 포함하는 제2 세라믹기판을 준비하는 단계; 및상기 스페이서의 타면을 상기 리드 프레임에 접합시키는 단계;를 포함하는 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제1 세라믹기판을 준비하는 단계는,제1 세라믹기재의 적어도 일면에 금속층을 접합하는 단계;상기 금속층을 에칭하여 제1 회로패턴을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 제1 회로패턴에서 일부 영역을 하프 에칭하여 상기 일부 영역을 제외한 나머지 영역에 돌출된 전극패턴부를 형성하는 단계;를 포함하는 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제2 세라믹기판을 준비하는 단계에서,상기 리드 프레임은 상기 제2 세라믹기판에 브레이징, 웰딩, Ag 소결 접합 중 하나의 방법으로 접합되는 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 전극패턴부를 형성하는 단계는,상기 제1 회로패턴 상에 포토레지스트를 형성하는 단계;상기 전극패턴부에 대응되는 패턴을 가진 마스크를 상기 포토레지스트 상에 배치한 후 노광 및 현상하여 포토레지스트 패턴을 형성하는 단계;상기 포토레지스트 패턴을 마스크로 하여 상기 제1 회로패턴의 일부 영역을 두께 방향으로 하프 에칭하는 단계; 및상기 포토레지스트 패턴을 제거하는 단계;를 포함하는 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 하프 에칭하는 단계에서,하프 에칭의 깊이는 상기 제1 회로패턴 두께의 절반인 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 포토레지스트를 형성하는 단계는,상기 제1 회로패턴 상에 드라이 필름 포토레지스트를 부착하여 형성하는 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 금속층을 접합하는 단계에서,상기 금속층은 소둔 열처리되어 열 응력이 제거된 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 금속층을 접합하는 단계는,페이스트 도포, 포일(foil) 부착, P-filler 중 어느 하나의 방법으로 상기 제1 세라믹기재의 적어도 일면과 상기 금속층 사이에 5㎛ 이상 100㎛ 이하의 두께를 갖는 브레이징 필러층을 배치하는 단계; 및상기 브레이징 필러층을 용융시켜 브레이징 접합하는 단계를 포함하는 파워모듈 제조방법.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 브레이징 필러층을 배치하는 단계에서,상기 브레이징 필러층은 Ag, Cu, AgCu 및 AgCuTi 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 재료로 이루어지는 파워모듈 제조방법.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/879,436 US20250343130A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2023-06-15 | Power module and manufacturing method therefor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020220080490A KR102882341B1 (ko) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | 파워모듈 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR10-2022-0080490 | 2022-06-30 |
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| WO2024005406A1 true WO2024005406A1 (ko) | 2024-01-04 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20250343130A1 (ko) |
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| WO (1) | WO2024005406A1 (ko) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20130004779A (ko) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-14 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 전력 모듈 패키지 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20170066852A (ko) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-15 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 전력 모듈 패키지 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20190110376A (ko) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 양면냉각형 파워 모듈 및 그의 제조 방법 |
| KR20210076862A (ko) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-24 | 주식회사 아모센스 | 파워모듈용 세라믹 기판 및 이를 포함하는 파워모듈 |
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| KR102394542B1 (ko) * | 2015-07-30 | 2022-05-04 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 반도체 패키지 및 그 제조 방법 |
| KR20170041045A (ko) * | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-14 | 주식회사 에스에프에이반도체 | 적층형 반도체 패키지 제조 방법 및 이에 적용되는 금속 구조물 형성 방법 |
| KR102792456B1 (ko) * | 2020-07-03 | 2025-04-15 | 주식회사 아모센스 | 파워모듈 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR102464477B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-11-09 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 양면 냉각 파워 모듈 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| KR20130004779A (ko) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-14 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 전력 모듈 패키지 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20170066852A (ko) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-15 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 전력 모듈 패키지 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20190110376A (ko) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 양면냉각형 파워 모듈 및 그의 제조 방법 |
| KR20210076862A (ko) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-24 | 주식회사 아모센스 | 파워모듈용 세라믹 기판 및 이를 포함하는 파워모듈 |
| KR20210103417A (ko) * | 2020-02-13 | 2021-08-23 | 주식회사 아모그린텍 | 파워모듈 및 그 제조방법 |
Also Published As
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| US20250343130A1 (en) | 2025-11-06 |
| KR20240003259A (ko) | 2024-01-08 |
| KR102882341B1 (ko) | 2025-11-06 |
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