WO2024001837A1 - 电子设备 - Google Patents

电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024001837A1
WO2024001837A1 PCT/CN2023/100909 CN2023100909W WO2024001837A1 WO 2024001837 A1 WO2024001837 A1 WO 2024001837A1 CN 2023100909 W CN2023100909 W CN 2023100909W WO 2024001837 A1 WO2024001837 A1 WO 2024001837A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
electronic device
conductive layer
equal
conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/100909
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴鹏飞
陈文俊
王汉阳
薛亮
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024001837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024001837A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to an electronic device.
  • MIMO multi-input multi-output
  • ID metal industrial design
  • a slot antenna is an antenna formed by opening a slit on the conductor surface. Electromagnetic waves are radiated to the external space through the slit. Slot antenna has the characteristics of low profile and integrability, and has attracted widespread attention and research. Taking electronic equipment as a terminal device (such as a mobile phone) as an example, the slot antenna does not need to add additional components in the mobile phone terminal. It can radiate through the gap, avoiding the problem of insufficient space caused by adding other metal strips. Therefore, the slot antenna can be used for Terminal equipment to achieve miniaturization of terminal equipment.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device with a cavity slot antenna, and the cavity slot antenna can achieve at least two resonances through one feed and has a good bandwidth.
  • the present application provides an electronic device, including a display screen and a casing.
  • the casing and the display screen together form an internal space of the electronic device.
  • the casing includes a first conductive layer.
  • the display screen It includes a second conductive layer, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are stacked in the thickness direction of the electronic device, a conductive connector is provided inside the electronic device, and the conductive connector is electrically connected to Between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the first conductive layer, the conductive connector and the second conductive layer are collectively surrounded to form a cavity, and a gap is provided in the cavity.
  • the cavity and the slot structure constitute a cavity slot antenna, the ratio range of the length of the cavity and the width of the cavity is greater than or equal to 3, the length of the slot structure and the length of the cavity consistent; the length of the cavity is: along the extension direction of the slit structure, the distance from one end of the cavity to the other end; the width of the cavity is: perpendicular to the extension of the slit structure direction and perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electronic device, the size of the cavity.
  • This application uses the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer and the conductive connector to construct a cavity slot antenna structure in the internal space of the electronic device.
  • the cavity gap composed of the cavity and the slot structure can be realized.
  • the antenna When excited by a feed signal, the antenna generates at least two working resonances (frequency points) and has good bandwidth characteristics.
  • the ratio range of the length of the cavity and the width of the cavity is: greater than or equal to 3 And less than or equal to 10.
  • the ratio range of the length of the cavity and the width of the cavity is: greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 6.
  • the size of the cavity in the thickness direction of the electronic device is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • This solution preserves the radiation performance of the cavity slot antenna by limiting the size of the cavity in the thickness direction. In a limited space, the larger the size of the cavity in the thickness direction, the better the radiation performance.
  • the cavity size is limited to greater than or equal to 1 mm, which can take into account the radiation performance of the antenna and the space design requirements of electronic equipment.
  • the working frequency band of the cavity includes 2.4GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 75mm to less than or equal to 150mm
  • the width of the cavity ranges from: greater than Equal to 15mm and less than or equal to 30mm.
  • the working frequency band of the cavity includes 5 GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 36 mm to less than or equal to 72 mm
  • the width of the cavity ranges from: greater than or equal to 7.2mm and less than or equal to 14.4. This solution restricts the length range and width range of the cavity, and can define a cavity slot antenna operating in the 5GHz operating frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the cavity includes 2.4 GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 75 mm to less than or equal to 100 mm
  • the width of the cavity ranges from greater than Equal to 15mm and less than or equal to 25mm.
  • the working frequency band of the cavity includes 5 GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 36 mm to less than or equal to 48 mm
  • the width of the cavity ranges from: greater than or equal to 7.2mm and less than or equal to 12mm.
  • the housing is an integrated all-metal back cover structure, and the edge of the housing and the edge of the display screen are butt-joined to form a closed installation gap surrounding the display screen.
  • the structure is partially described with mounting seams.
  • This solution uses the installation gap between the display screen and the all-metal back cover to form the gap structure of the cavity antenna gap, which expands the function of the installation gap and reduces the design cost. There is no need to set up an additional gap structure on the casing of the electronic device. It ensures the integrity of the all-metal back cover of the electronic device and saves production process costs. It not only ensures the user experience and appearance integrity of the electronic device, but also achieves the radiation performance of the cavity slot antenna.
  • the width of the slit structure may be greater than or equal to 0.7mm.
  • the width of the slit structure is 1.5mm. This solution limits the specific value of the gap structure to 1.5mm. For the installation gap, limiting the size to 1.5mm can ensure the assembly requirements between the display screen and the casing, and can also In order to satisfy the requirement that the cavity slot antenna has better radiation performance.
  • the electronic device includes a feed unit, the feed unit is located in the cavity, the feed unit includes a feed port, and the first conductive layer includes a bottom and a side, The bottom and the second conductive layer are relatively spaced apart, the side is connected between the bottom and the edge of the display screen, and the vertical distance between the feed port and the second conductive layer is is the first distance, the vertical distance between the feed port and the bottom is the second distance, and the vertical distance between the feed port and the side is the third distance;
  • the largest one of the first distance, the second distance and the third distance is the first distance, and the feed port feeds power on the second conductive layer; or, the first The largest one of the distance, the second distance and the third distance is the third distance, and the feed port feeds power on the side of the first conductive layer; or, the third distance The largest one of a distance, the second distance and the third distance is the second distance, and the feed port feeds power on the bottom of the first conductive layer.
  • the display screen includes a top edge, a bottom edge and a side edge connected between the top edge and the bottom edge, and the slit structure is linear and formed on the side edge. or said top edge.
  • the gap structure provided in this embodiment is part of the installation gap between the display screen and the casing. The installation gap surrounds the display screen. The gap structure is linear and can be located on the side or top of the display screen.
  • the display screen includes a first edge and a second edge arranged adjacently, and the slit structure is bent and located in the connection area of the first edge and the second edge, Part of the slit structure is formed on the first edge, and part of the slit structure is formed on the second edge.
  • the gap structure provided by this solution can be located at the edge of a corner of the display screen, that is, the area where the first edge and the second edge are connected. This solution is easy to implement miniaturization design, and the corners of the display screen are usually less equipped with other devices. The device can leave just enough space to design the cavity to form a cavity slot antenna.
  • the display screen includes a first edge, a second edge and a third edge connected in sequence, the first edge and the third edge are arranged oppositely, and the slit structure is semi-encircled, Part of the slit structure is located on the first edge, part of the slit structure is located on the second edge, and part of the slit structure is located on the third edge.
  • This solution provides a U-shaped gap structure, which can have a larger aspect ratio and generate more resonant frequency points.
  • the conductive connector is part of a mounting bracket in the electronic device, and the mounting bracket is any one or a combination of at least two of a battery compartment, a middle frame, and a camera mounting bracket.
  • the conductive connector and the battery compartment are interconnected as one body.
  • the conductive connector can be a metal spring structure or a metal wall or a metal column structure.
  • both ends of the conductive connector can be ensured. It is in contact with the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to form a cavity structure.
  • This solution sets the conductive connection and the battery compartment into an integrated structure, which is convenient for assembly and fixation.
  • the battery compartment can be used as a carrier for the battery and for fixing the conductive connector, so that the battery compartment has dual functions, which is not only beneficial to saving space. Achieving miniaturization design is also beneficial to the structural stability of conductive connectors.
  • the electronic device is equipped with a circuit board, the circuit board is at least partially located in the cavity, the circuit board is used to set a feed unit, and at least part of the conductive connector is connected to the The circuit board, the conductive connection member includes a first conductive member and a second conductive member, one end of the first conductive member is fixed to a surface of the circuit board, and the other end of the first conductive member is electrically connected to The first conductive layer, one end of the second conductive member is fixed to the other surface of the circuit board, the other end of the second conductive member is electrically connected to the second conductive layer, the first conductive member and The second conductive member is electrically connected through lines in the circuit board.
  • the conductive connectors are integrated on the circuit board, and the cavity can be constructed by assembling the circuit board.
  • the first conductive member and the second conductive member can be fixed on the circuit board through the patch process.
  • the circuit board is a necessary structure for carrying the feed unit.
  • This solution connects the conductive connectors to the circuit board. There is no need to introduce other fixed structures to fix the conductive connectors. This is conducive to saving space and easily miniaturizing electronic equipment. It can also Ensure the structural stability of conductive connectors.
  • the first conductive member and the second conductive member may be elastic pieces that elastically resist the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer so that the cavity has a continuous electrical connection function, thus ensuring the stability of the radiation performance of the cavity slot antenna.
  • At least part of the conductive connectors includes a plurality of connection sub-units, and there is at least one connection sub-unit at each edge in the width direction of the cavity, and adjacent connection sub-units The distance between them is less than or equal to half of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the cavity.
  • the cavity when the ratio range of the length of the cavity to the width of the cavity is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 7, within 50% of the bandwidth of the lowest resonant frequency of the cavity , the cavity can generate two or three resonance modes.
  • the cavity when the ratio range of the length of the cavity and the width of the cavity is greater than 7 and less than or equal to 10, within the 50% bandwidth of the lowest resonant frequency of the cavity,
  • the cavity is capable of generating four or more resonant modes.
  • the cavity is provided with a connecting piece, the connecting piece is made of conductive material and both ends are respectively connected to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. direction, the distance between the connecting piece and one end of the cavity is less than or equal to 0.25 times the length of the cavity.
  • the connector can be a conductive structure such as a metal pillar or a metal shrapnel.
  • the operating frequency of the cavity includes a first frequency and a second frequency
  • the second frequency is higher than the first frequency
  • the connector does not affect the radiation of the first frequency. performance, and can optimize the radiation performance of the second frequency.
  • the cavity and the slot structure constitute a first antenna unit
  • the electronic device further includes a second antenna unit
  • the second antenna unit includes a second conductive connector
  • the third Two conductive connectors are electrically connected between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • the first conductive layer, the second conductive connector and the second conductive layer are collectively surrounded to form a second conductive layer.
  • a cavity the electronic device is provided with a second slot structure, the second cavity and the second slot structure constitute a cavity slot antenna, the second antenna unit and the first antenna unit are arranged adjacently, and A spacing component is provided between the two, and the spacing component includes conductive material. The spacer is used to improve the isolation between the second antenna unit and the first antenna unit.
  • the spacer is a metal pillar electrically connected between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional disassembled structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2A is a side view of an embodiment of the electronic device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 2B is a side view of another embodiment of the electronic device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 2C is a schematic diagram of a back cover of an electronic device provided in an embodiment
  • Figure 2D is a schematic diagram of a middle frame of an electronic device provided in an embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part I in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment
  • Figure 6A is an enlarged schematic diagram of part II in Figure 5;
  • Figure 6B is an enlarged schematic diagram of part III in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic plan view of the internal structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 9A and 9B show a straight strip cavity provided in an embodiment.
  • Figure 9A is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity and the cavity in a state in the first resonance mode.
  • Figure 9B is a schematic diagram of the cavity and the current flow direction in a state of the cavity in the first resonance mode. Schematic diagram of the current flow in one state of the cavity in the second resonance mode;
  • Figures 10A and 10B show a cavity with a bent shape provided in an embodiment.
  • Figure 10A is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity and a state of the cavity in the first resonance mode.
  • Figure 10B is a schematic diagram of the cavity. And a schematic diagram of the current flow in a state of the cavity in the second resonance mode;
  • Figures 11A and 11B show a cavity that is bent into a semi-enveloping shape according to an embodiment.
  • Figure 11A is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity and a state of the cavity in the first resonance mode.
  • Figure 11B is A schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity and a state of the cavity in the second resonance mode;
  • Figure 12A is a plan view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12B is a schematic diagram of the width of the installation gap between the edge of the second conductive layer of the display screen and the edge of the housing in the embodiment of Figure 12A;
  • Figure 13 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14A is a schematic diagram of a specific size cavity in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which two ends of a conductive connector in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application are electrically connected to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer respectively;
  • 14C is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the two ends of the conductive connector in the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application are electrically connected to the second conductive layer and the circuit board respectively;
  • 14D is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which two ends of the conductive connector in the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application are electrically connected to the first conductive layer and the circuit board respectively;
  • Figure 15A is a comparative schematic diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the embodiment shown in Figure 14B, Figure 14C and Figure 14D;
  • Figure 15B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiency of the embodiments shown in Figure 14B, Figure 14C and Figure 14D;
  • FIG. 16A, Figure 16B and Figure 16C are schematic diagrams of the power feeding schemes of three specific implementations of the electronic equipment provided by this application;
  • Figure 17A is a comparative schematic diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the embodiment shown in Figure 16A, Figure 16B and Figure 16C;
  • Figure 17B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiency of the embodiments shown in Figure 16A, Figure 16B and Figure 16C;
  • Figure 18A, Figure 18B and Figure 18C are schematic diagrams of designs with different specific positions of circuit boards in three specific embodiments of the electronic device provided by this application;
  • Figure 19A is a comparative schematic diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the embodiment shown in Figure 18A, Figure 18B and Figure 18C;
  • Figure 19B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiency of the embodiments shown in Figure 18A, Figure 18B and Figure 18C;
  • Figure 20A is a current distribution diagram in three resonant modes that can be generated in the operating frequency band by the antenna unit composed of the cavity and slot structure of the electronic device provided by the present application;
  • Figure 20B is an electric field distribution diagram in three resonant modes that the antenna unit composed of the cavity and slot structure of the electronic device provided by the present application can generate in the operating frequency band;
  • Figure 21A is a schematic comparison of the S11 parameter distribution diagrams of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios
  • Figure 21B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios
  • Figure 22A is a schematic comparison diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagrams of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios
  • Figure 22B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios
  • Figure 23 is an electric field distribution diagram of five resonant modes that can be generated by an antenna unit provided in an embodiment
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a connector provided in a cavity of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of a connector provided in a cavity of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 26A is a comparative schematic diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the antenna unit provided by two specific implementations (respectively, the solution without connecting parts and the solution with connecting parts);
  • Figure 26B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiency of the antenna unit provided by two specific implementations (the solution without connecting parts and the solution with connecting parts respectively);
  • Figure 26C is a current distribution diagram of three resonance modes generated by the cavity with connectors provided by the embodiment shown in Figures 24 and 25;
  • Figure 26D is an electric field distribution diagram of three resonance modes generated by the cavity with connectors provided by the embodiment shown in Figures 24 and 25;
  • Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 28A is a schematic comparison diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagrams of the two antenna units in Figure 27;
  • Figure 28B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of the two antenna units in Figure 27;
  • Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application with a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit, and a spacer component between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit;
  • Figure 30A is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit in Figure 29;
  • Figure 30B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit in Figure 29;
  • Figure 31A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 31B is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 31C is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 32A is a S-curve comparison chart of the antenna unit provided in the embodiment shown in Figure 31A, Figure 31B and Figure 31C;
  • Figure 32B is a comparison diagram of the radiation efficiency of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 31A, Figure 31B and Figure 31C;
  • Figure 33 is a schematic structural diagram of the interconnection between the conductive connector and the battery compartment in the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a conductive connector and circuit board interconnection in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of a conductive connector in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application including multiple connection subunits.
  • Parallel The parallel defined in this application is not limited to absolute parallel. This definition of parallel can be understood as basically parallel. It is allowed to be not absolutely parallel due to the influence of assembly tolerance, design tolerance, structural flatness and other factors. Errors in a small angular range, such as assembly errors within 10 degrees, can be understood as parallel relationships.
  • the vertical defined in this application is not limited to the relationship of absolute vertical intersection (the included angle is 90 degrees). It is allowed that the influence of assembly tolerance, design tolerance, structural flatness and other factors are not absolute vertical intersection. relationship, allowed to exist Errors in a small angular range, such as assembly errors in the range of 80 degrees to 100 degrees, can be understood as vertical relationships.
  • connection It can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components, or it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals such as PCB copper foil or wires. Among them, “connection” refers to the connection of mechanical structures and physical structures.
  • Coupling refers to the phenomenon that there is close cooperation and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transmitted from one side to the other through interaction.
  • connection The conduction or connection between two or more components through the above “electrical connection” or “coupling connection” method for signal/energy transmission can be called connection.
  • Antenna pattern also called radiation pattern. It refers to the graph in which the relative field strength (normalized mode value) of the antenna radiation field changes with the direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
  • Antenna patterns usually have multiple radiation beams.
  • the radiation beam with the greatest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or side lobes.
  • the side lobes In the opposite direction to the main lobe are also called back lobes.
  • Antenna return loss It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit and the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal is, the greater the signal radiated to space through the antenna is, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency is. The larger the reflected signal is, the smaller the signal radiated to space through the antenna is, and the smaller the antenna's radiation efficiency is.
  • Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is usually a negative number.
  • Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the signal power transmitted by one antenna to the signal power received by another antenna.
  • Antenna system efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna to space (that is, the power of the electromagnetic wave part that is effectively converted) and the input power of the antenna.
  • Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna to space (that is, the power of the electromagnetic wave effectively converted) and the active power input to the antenna.
  • the active power input to the antenna the input power of the antenna - antenna loss;
  • the antenna loss mainly includes metal ohmic loss and/or dielectric loss.
  • the antenna module belongs to a radio frequency system.
  • the radio frequency system needs to work within a certain frequency range before it can communicate with other devices.
  • the frequency range in which the radio frequency system works is called the working frequency band.
  • Working resonance refers to the resonance generated by the antenna unit in the working frequency band.
  • Gain used to characterize the degree to which the antenna radiates the input power in a concentrated manner. Generally, the narrower the main lobe of the antenna pattern and the smaller the side lobe, the higher the antenna gain.
  • Isolation refers to the ratio of the signal power transmitted by one antenna to the signal power received by another antenna. It can be represented by S21 and S12 parameters.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a vehicle-mounted computer, a smart wearable product, the Internet of Things (IOT), etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not place special restrictions on the specific forms of the above-mentioned electronic devices. For convenience of explanation, the following description takes the electronic device as a mobile phone as an example.
  • the electronic device 01 mainly includes a display screen 10 , a middle frame 11 and a back cover 12 .
  • the middle frame 11 is located between the display screen 10 and the back cover 12 .
  • Figure 1 is only a schematic diagram schematically showing the display screen 10, the middle frame 11 and the back cover 12 in an exploded state. The implementation shown in Figure 1 does not limit the specific structural forms of the display screen 10, the middle frame 11 and the back cover 12.
  • the back cover 12 can be a metal back cover and is made of all-metal material.
  • the display screen 10 is used to display images.
  • the display screen 10 includes a liquid crystal display (liquid crystal display, LCD) module and a backlight module (back light unit, BLU).
  • the display screen 10 may be an organic light-emitting diode (organic lightemitting diode, OLED) display screen.
  • the middle frame 11 includes a carrier plate 110 and a conductive frame 112 surrounding the carrier plate 110 .
  • the conductive frame 112 may be a conductive frame integrally formed on the carrier plate 110 . It should be understood that in other embodiments, the conductive frame 112 and the carrier plate 110 may be independent of each other.
  • the conductive frame 112 and the carrier plate 110 may be formed of different materials.
  • the conductive frame 112 may be formed of conductive materials.
  • the carrier plate 110 is formed of non-conductive material.
  • Electronic devices such as a printed circuit board (PCB), camera, and battery can be disposed on the surface of the carrier plate 110 facing the back cover 12 .
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the back cover 12 is connected to the middle frame 11 to form a receiving cavity for accommodating the above-mentioned PCB, camera, battery and other electronic components.
  • the back cover 12 and the middle frame 11 are sealed and connected (the back cover 12 and the middle frame 11 can also be an integrated structure), which can prevent external water vapor and dust from intruding into the accommodation cavity and affecting the performance of the above-mentioned electronic devices.
  • the display screen 10, the middle frame 11 and the back cover 12 can be arranged on different layers in the thickness direction (Z direction) of the electronic device. These layers can be parallel to each other.
  • the plane where each layer is located can be called the X-Y plane, which is perpendicular to the X-Y plane.
  • the direction of the plane can be called the Z direction. That is to say, the display screen 10, the middle frame 11 and the back cover 12 can be distributed in layers in the Z direction.
  • the display screen 10 can be electrically connected to the PCB provided on the carrier board 110 through a flexible printed circuit (FPC) as shown in FIG. 1 after passing through the carrier board 110 . This allows the PCB to transmit display data to the display screen 10 to control the display screen 10 to display images.
  • FPC flexible printed circuit
  • the middle frame 11 and the back cover 12 together form the housing 20 of the electronic device.
  • the housing 20 and the display screen 10 together form an internal space of the electronic device 01 .
  • the housing 20 includes a first conductive layer. 201.
  • the first conductive layer 201 may be a partial area of the back cover 12, for example, an edge area of the back cover 12.
  • the back cover 12 is an integrated metal structure, and the first conductive layer 201 is a part of the back cover 12 .
  • the back cover 12 may also include a non-metallic body, and the first conductive layer 201 may be disposed on the inner surface of the non-metallic body.
  • the display screen 10 includes a second conductive layer 101 facing the middle frame 11.
  • the second conductive layer 101 can be a metal material.
  • the second conductive layer 101 can also be a shielding layer of the display screen 10 to protect the display screen 10 from electronic devices. Interference from other devices within 01.
  • FIG. 2A is a side view of an embodiment of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the electronic device 01 is provided with a mounting gap 300 .
  • the mounting gap 300 may be a gap at the connection between the display screen 10 and the middle frame 11 .
  • the mounting gap 300 may be a gap filled with an insulating medium.
  • the installation seam 300 is: a non-conductive structure is formed between the edge of the second conductive layer 101 of the display screen 10 and the middle frame 11 , which can also be called a non-conductive structure of the display screen 10 .
  • the installation seam 300 can surround the display screen 10 .
  • part of the installation seam 300 can be It serves as the path between the cavity antenna in the electronic device and the external electromagnetic wave radiation, and serves as a part of the cavity antenna.
  • FIG. 2B is a side view of another embodiment of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the installation seam 300 may also be a non-conductive structure at the connection between the middle frame 11 and the back cover 12 .
  • part of the mounting gap 300 in this embodiment can be used as a path between the cavity antenna in the electronic device and external electromagnetic wave radiation, and can be used as a part of the cavity antenna.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of the back cover 12 of the electronic device provided in an embodiment.
  • a slit structure 30 can be provided on the back cover 12 .
  • the other parts of the back cover 12 except the slit structure 30 are made of metal material.
  • the slit structure 30 is made by cutting off part of the material on the integrated metal back cover. And filled with insulating medium.
  • This application does not limit the specific shape of the slit structure 30 provided on the back cover 12.
  • the slit structure 30 can be linear, curved, L-shaped, etc.
  • the slot structure 30 in this embodiment can be used as a path between the cavity antenna in the electronic device and external electromagnetic wave radiation, and as a part of the cavity antenna.
  • FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of the middle frame 11 of an electronic device provided in an embodiment.
  • the gap structure 30 can also be provided on the middle frame 11 , for example, a gap is opened on the middle frame 11 and filled with an insulating medium (for example, the insulating medium is a ceramic material).
  • the slot structure 30 in this embodiment can be used as a path between the cavity antenna in the electronic device and external electromagnetic wave radiation, and as a part of the cavity antenna.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment.
  • the electronic device 01 includes a display
  • the screen 10 and the casing 20 have an integrated metal back cover structure.
  • the edge of the casing 20 is butt-jointed with the edge of the display screen 10 .
  • An installation seam 300 is formed between the edge of the casing 20 and the edge of the display screen 10 .
  • part of the installation gap 300 can be used as a path for radiating circuit waves between the cavity in the electronic device and the outside world, that is, the gap structure 30 .
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part I in Figure 3.
  • the installation seam 300 may include a straight segment and a curved segment.
  • the installation seam 300 surrounds the display screen 10 , and the seam structure 30 can be located on a straight line segment or a curved section of the mounting seam 300 , or the seam structure 30 extends from a straight line segment to a curved segment (for example: within the circle marked I in Figure 3 The gap structure shown in the part 30).
  • the display screen 10 includes a top edge, a bottom edge and a side connected between the top edge and the bottom edge.
  • the slit structure 30 is linear and forms On said side or said top edge.
  • the display screen 10 includes a first edge and a second edge arranged adjacently, and the slit structure is bent and located at the first edge and the second edge.
  • part of the gap structure is formed on the first edge, and part of the gap structure is formed on the second edge.
  • the gap structure provided by this solution can be located at the edge of a corner of the display screen, that is, the area where the first edge and the second edge are connected. This solution is easy to implement miniaturization design, and the corners of the display screen are usually less equipped with other devices. The device can leave just enough space to design the cavity to form a cavity slot antenna.
  • the display screen includes a first edge, a second edge and a third edge connected in sequence, the first edge and the third edge are arranged oppositely, and the slit structure is semi-encircled, Part of the slit structure is located on the first edge, part of the slit structure is located on the second edge, and part of the slit structure is located on the third edge.
  • This solution provides a U-shaped gap structure, which can have a larger aspect ratio and generate more resonant frequency points.
  • the slit structure 30 may also be formed on the housing 20 .
  • the electronic device 01 also includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer.
  • the second conductive layer is the shielding layer structure of the display screen 10
  • the first conductive layer is a part of the housing 20.
  • the housing 20 can It is a one-piece structure made of all metal materials.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 01 provided in an embodiment.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 except that the shell 20 of the electronic device 01 is made of an integrated metal back. cover structure.
  • the main difference between the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is that the display screen 10 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is a curved screen. structure.
  • the mounting seam 300 is formed between the edge of the housing 20 and the edge of the display screen 10 , and can be arranged around the display screen 10 .
  • the slot structure 30 may be part of the mounting slot 300 .
  • FIG. 6A is an enlarged schematic view of part II in FIG. 5
  • FIG. 6B is an enlarged schematic view of part III in FIG. 5 .
  • the slit structure 30 shown in FIG. 6A is located in the area near the top of the side of the electronic device 01 , and the slit structure 30 shown in FIG. 6B is located at the bottom edge of the electronic device 01 .
  • the slit structure 30 may also be formed inside the housing 20 .
  • the electronic device 01 also includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer.
  • the second conductive layer is the shielding layer structure of the display screen 10
  • the first conductive layer is a part of the housing 20 .
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer inside the electronic device provided by this application are connected with the conductive connector to form a cavity.
  • the gap structure 30 on the surface serves as a magnetic connection path between the cavity and the external circuit of the electronic device to form an antenna unit.
  • the unit can be understood as a cavity slot antenna, and the antenna unit is excited to resonate through the feed of the feed unit.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 shows the internal space of the electronic device surrounded by the display screen 10 and the casing 20.
  • the casing 20 is an integrated all-metal structure.
  • the connection between the screen 10 and the casing 20 forms an installation seam (which may be similar to the installation seam 300 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 , that is, the installation seam is a non-shielding material surrounding the display screen 10 , and the location of the installation seam can be becomes the path for electromagnetic wave communication between the antenna in the electronic device and the outside world).
  • part of the installation gap serves as the gap structure 30 for the electromagnetic wave communication path of the cavity antenna inside the electronic device.
  • the gap structure 30 provided in this application is located at the connection between the display screen 10 and the housing 20 .
  • the gap structure 30 may be an insulating glue or an insulating medium at the connection between the display screen 10 and the housing 20 .
  • the display screen 10 includes a second conductive layer 101 (for example, the second conductive layer 101 can be the shielding layer of the display screen 10 ), and the housing 20 includes a first conductive layer 201 (for example, the first conductive layer 201 is the housing 20 itself. In this case Bottom, the housing 20 is an all-metal structure).
  • the second conductive layer 101 of the display screen 10 and the first conductive layer 201 of the housing 20 are electrically connected through the conductive connector 40 inside the electronic device.
  • the second conductive layer 101, The conductive connector 40 and the first conductive layer 201 together form a cavity 142 , and the gap structure 30 is a path for communication between the cavity 142 and external electromagnetic waves of the electronic device.
  • the circuit board 50 is partially located in the cavity 142 .
  • the circuit board 50 can be stacked between the first conductive layer 201 and the second conductive layer 101 .
  • the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 can also be separated by a medium.
  • the medium can also be air.
  • the circuit board 50 is provided with a feed unit 60 (which may be a feed port) adjacent to the side frame of the electronic device, and the side frame of the electronic device may be the middle frame 11 of the housing 20 .
  • the circuit board 50 is provided with a feed line, and the feed line is electrically connected between the radio frequency circuit and the feed port in the electronic device.
  • the radio frequency circuitry within the electronic device may be located on a motherboard in the electronic device.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of the internal structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the positions of conductive connectors and circuit boards inside the electronic device according to one embodiment can be seen. Since the conductive connector is connected between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, FIG. 8 only shows the positional relationship between the first conductive layer 201, the conductive connector 40 and the circuit board 50. The conductive connector 40 appears parallel to the second conductive layer.
  • the slit structure 30 may also be the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C, and FIG. 2D. This application does not limit the specific location of the gap structure.
  • the slit structure 30 may also be any one of the embodiments or combinations shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 .
  • the positions where the two ends of the conductive connector 40 are connected to the installation seam 300 are the two grounding positions G1 and G2 of the installation seam.
  • the part of the installation seam 300 between these two grounding positions is It is a gap structure 30.
  • the two ends of the gap structure 30 are the two ends of the conductive connecting member 40 .
  • the space enclosed by the gap structure 30 and the conductive connector 40 is the cavity 142.
  • a portion of the circuit board 50 is located within the cavity 142 .
  • the circuit board 50 is provided with a feed unit 60 .
  • a black dot represents the position of the feed port of the feed unit 60 .
  • the feed unit 60 may include this feed port, and may also include a feed line, a matching circuit on the feed line, and the like.
  • an antenna unit is formed by constructing a cavity 142 in an electronic device, and this antenna unit is a cavity antenna.
  • This application broadens the operating bandwidth of the antenna unit by limiting the aspect ratio of the cavity 142 and constraining the length of the slot structure 30 to be consistent with the length of the cavity 142 .
  • Standard length can be understood as the length of the two is equal, or the length of the two has a small difference, allowing for dimensional errors caused by design tolerances or manufacturing tolerances.
  • the length of the cavity 142 is: the distance from one end to the other end of the cavity 142 along the extension direction of the slit structure 30; the width of the cavity 142 is: perpendicular to the slit structure 30 and perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electronic device 01, the size of the cavity 142.
  • the ratio of the length of the cavity 142 to the width of the cavity 142 in the electronic device provided by this application is greater than or equal to 3.
  • the cavity slot antenna composed of the cavity 142 and the slot structure 30 can generate at least two working resonances (frequency points) under the excitation of a feed signal, and has a relatively high Good bandwidth characteristics.
  • the ratio range of the length of the cavity 142 and the width of the cavity 142 is: greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 10.
  • the aspect ratio of the cavity 142 is within the range of greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 10, this solution limits the upper limit of the aspect ratio of the cavity.
  • the space occupied by the cavity slot antenna in the electronic device can widen the working bandwidth of the antenna unit in a limited space and has good radiation performance.
  • the cavity when the ratio range of the length of the cavity to the width of the cavity is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 7, within 50% of the bandwidth of the lowest resonant frequency of the cavity , the cavity can generate two or three resonance modes.
  • the cavity when the ratio range of the length of the cavity and the width of the cavity is greater than 7 and less than or equal to 10, within the 50% bandwidth of the lowest resonant frequency of the cavity,
  • the cavity is capable of generating four or more resonant modes.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show a straight-shaped cavity 142 provided in one embodiment.
  • the straight-shaped cavity 142 provided in this embodiment can be applied to the long side or short side of the display screen of an electronic device.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity 142 and the cavity 142 in a state under the first resonance mode.
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity 142 and the cavity 142 in a state under the second resonance mode. Referring to FIGS.
  • the length L of the cavity 142 is the dimension of the cavity 142 extending in the first direction X
  • the width W of the cavity 142 is the dimension of the cavity 142 extending in the second direction Z
  • the height H is the height of the cavity 142 extending in the third direction Y.
  • the first direction X can be the long side direction or the short side direction of the display screen of the electronic device
  • the second direction Z can be It is the direction vertically from the edge of the display screen toward the inside of the display screen.
  • the third direction Y can be the thickness direction of the electronic device.
  • the third direction Y can also be understood as the direction of the vertical connection between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. .
  • the length of the gap structure 30 is consistent with the length L of the cavity 142 .
  • the aspect ratio of the cavity 142 ranges from: 3 ⁇ L/W ⁇ 12.
  • the current direction flows from both ends of the slot structure 30 to the middle of the slot structure, and along the other edge of the slot structure 30 .
  • the current direction flows from the middle position of the gap structure 30 to both ends of the gap structure.
  • both edges of the slot structure 30 include a first end P1 , a first quarter position P2 , a middle position P3 , a second quarter position P4 and a second end P5 , and the cavity 142
  • the current flows from the first quarter position P2 to both sides respectively to the first end P1 and the middle position P3
  • FIG. 10A and 10B show a cavity 142 with a bent shape (for example, L-shaped, C-shaped) provided in one embodiment.
  • the cavity 142 with a bent shape provided in this embodiment can be applied to electronic equipment.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity 142 and the cavity 142 in a state of the first resonance mode.
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity 142 and the cavity 142 of a state in the second resonance mode.
  • the cavity 142 includes a first cavity 1421 and a second cavity 1422.
  • the first cavity 1421 extends along the first direction X, and the second cavity 1422 extends along the second direction Z.
  • the first cavity 1421 and the second cavity 1422 are interconnected to form an L-shaped cavity structure.
  • the slot structure 30 includes a first section D1 and a second section D2.
  • the first section D1 extends along the first direction X, and the second section D2 extends along the second direction Z.
  • the length of the cavity 142 is: the sum of the extension dimension L1 of the first cavity 1421 in the first direction X and the extension dimension L2 of the second cavity 1422 in the second direction Z, that is, L1 + L2.
  • the width W of the cavity 142 is the size of the first cavity 1421 in the second direction Z or the size of the second cavity 1422 in the first direction X.
  • the size of the first cavity 1421 in the second direction Z and the size of the second cavity 1422 are The sizes in the first direction X may be equal or unequal.
  • the width W is the larger of the size of the first cavity 1421 in the second direction Z and the size of the second cavity 1422 in the first direction X.
  • the height H of the cavity 142 is the size of the first cavity 1421 in the third direction Y or the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y.
  • the size of the first cavity 1421 in the third direction Y is the same as the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y.
  • the size of the first cavity 1421 in the third direction Y and the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y are not equal.
  • the height H of the cavity 142 is The larger of the size in the third direction Y and the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y.
  • both edges of the slot structure 30 are L-shaped.
  • the cavity 142 flows along one edge of the slot structure 30 , and the current direction flows from both ends of the slot structure 30 .
  • the current direction flows from the middle position of the gap structure to both ends of the gap structure 30 .
  • both edges of the slot structure 30 include a first end P1 , a first quarter position P2 , a middle position P3 , a second quarter position P4 and a second end P5 , and the cavity 142
  • the current flows from the first quarter position P2 to both sides respectively to the first end P1 and the middle position P3
  • P4 flows to the middle position P3 and the second end P5 on both sides respectively; along the other edge position of the slot structure 30, the current flows from the first end P1 to the first quarter position P2, and the current flows from the middle position P3 to both sides respectively.
  • the current flows to the first quarter position P2 and the second quarter position P4, and the current flows from the second end P5 to the second quarter position P4.
  • FIG. 11A and 11B show a cavity 142 provided in an embodiment.
  • the cavity 142 is bent into a semi-encircling shape.
  • the cavity 142 has a U-shaped structure.
  • the cavity 142 provided in this embodiment can be applied at the top or bottom of the display screen of the electronic device.
  • part of the cavity corresponds to the part adjacent to the top edge of one long side of the display screen
  • part of the cavity corresponds to The entire short side of the display screen and part of the cavity correspond to the part adjacent to the top edge of the other long side of the display screen.
  • FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity 142 and the cavity 142 in a state of the first resonance mode.
  • FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram of the current flow of the cavity 142 and the cavity 142 in a state of the first resonance mode.
  • the cavity 142 includes a first cavity 1421 , a second cavity 1422 and a third cavity 1423 connected in sequence.
  • the first cavity 1421 and the third cavity 1423 both extend along the first direction X and are relatively spaced apart from each other. It is provided that the second cavity 1422 extends along the second direction Z and is connected between the first cavity 1421 and the third cavity 1423 .
  • the length of the cavity 142 is the sum of the size L1 of the first cavity 1421 in the first direction X, the size L2 of the second cavity 1422 in the second direction Z, and the size L3 of the third cavity 1423 in the first direction X, That is L1+L2+L3.
  • the width W of the cavity 142 is the size of the first cavity 1421 in the second direction Z. When the size of the first cavity 1421 in the second direction Z and the size of the third cavity 1423 in the second direction Z are equal, the cavity The width W of 142 may also be the size of the third cavity 1423 in the second direction Z.
  • the cavity The width W of the body 142 is the larger of the size of the first cavity 1421 in the second direction Z and the size of the third cavity 1423 in the second direction Z.
  • the height H of the cavity 142 is the size of the first cavity 1421 in the third direction Y, or the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y, or the size of the third cavity 1423 in the third direction Y.
  • the size of the first cavity 1421 in the third direction Y, the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y, and the size of the third cavity 1423 in the third direction Y are the same.
  • the size of the first cavity 1421 in the third direction Y, the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y, and the size of the third cavity 1423 in the third direction Y are not equal.
  • the height H of the cavity 142 is the larger of the size of the first cavity 1421 in the third direction Y, the size of the second cavity 1422 in the third direction Y, and the size of the third cavity 1423 in the third direction Y. one of.
  • both edges of the slot structure 30 are U-shaped. At the first resonant frequency, the cavity 142 flows along one edge of the slot structure 30 , and the current direction flows from both ends of the slot structure 30 .
  • the current direction flows from the middle position of the gap structure 30 to both ends of the gap structure 30 .
  • the current distribution at the two edges of the slit structure 30 is similar to the current distribution direction shown in FIG. 9B and FIG. 10B , and will not be described again.
  • the cavity 142 provided by the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9A, 10A, and 11A operates at the first resonant frequency F1, and the cavity 142 provided by the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9B, 10B, and 11B operates at the second resonant frequency F2.
  • the relationship between the first resonant frequency F1 and the second resonant frequency F2 is: 1 ⁇ F2/F1 ⁇ 1.3.
  • the cavity 142 by constraining the aspect ratio of the cavity to a smaller range (for example, the aspect ratio of the cavity is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 7), the cavity 142 generates two signals within the working frequency range.
  • the resonance point can widen the bandwidth within a suitable size range, that is, under the condition of reasonably controlling the size range of the cavity 142, the bandwidth requirements and the performance of the antenna are ensured.
  • the cavity can generate three resonances, that is, the cavity works at the first resonant frequency F1, the second resonant frequency F2, and the third resonant frequency F3.
  • the first resonant frequency F1, the second resonant frequency F2, and the third resonant frequency F3 The relationship between the three resonant frequencies F3 is: 1 ⁇ F2/F1 ⁇ 1.25 ⁇ F3/F1 ⁇ 1.5.
  • This solution defines the relationship between the three resonant frequencies generated by the cavity slot antenna, that is, it defines a specific antenna architecture that can ensure that the radiation performance at these three resonant frequencies meets the requirements.
  • the minimum length of the cavity is 1/2 the operating wavelength ⁇ of the antenna unit under resonance at the power frequency frequency
  • the maximum width of the cavity is The value is 1/2 the working wavelength ⁇ of the antenna unit at the resonance of the working frequency
  • the height of the cavity is less than 1/12 the working wavelength ⁇ of the antenna at the resonance of the working frequency.
  • the ratio range of the length of the cavity and the width of the cavity is: greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 6.
  • the size of the cavity is greater than or equal to 1 mm in the thickness direction of the electronic device.
  • This solution preserves the radiation performance of the cavity slot antenna by limiting the size of the cavity in the thickness direction. In a limited space, the larger the size of the cavity in the thickness direction, the better the radiation performance.
  • the cavity size is limited to greater than or equal to 1 mm, which can take into account the radiation performance of the antenna and the space design requirements of electronic equipment.
  • the working frequency band of the cavity includes 2.4GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 75mm to less than or equal to 150mm
  • the width of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 15mm. And less than or equal to 30mm.
  • the working frequency band of the cavity includes 5 GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from: greater than Equal to 36mm and less than or equal to 72mm
  • the size range of the width of the cavity is: greater than or equal to 7.2mm and less than or equal to 14.4. This solution restricts the length range and width range of the cavity, and can define a cavity slot antenna operating in the 5GHz operating frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the cavity includes 2.4GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 75mm to less than or equal to 100mm
  • the width of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 15mm. And less than or equal to 25mm.
  • This solution restricts the length range and width range of the cavity. Compared with the previous implementation, this solution limits a more specific range. It is also intended to limit a cavity slot antenna operating in the 2.4GHz operating frequency band.
  • the operating frequency band of the cavity includes 5 GHz
  • the length of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 36 mm to less than or equal to 48 mm
  • the width of the cavity ranges from greater than or equal to 7.2 mm. And less than or equal to 12mm.
  • This solution restricts the length range and width range of the cavity. Compared with the previous implementation, this solution limits a more specific range. It is also intended to limit a cavity slot antenna operating in the 5GHz operating frequency band.
  • the housing 20 of the electronic device 01 has an integrated metal back cover structure, and the edges of the display screen 10 and the edges of the housing 20 are butt-jointed to form a closed installation seam 300 surrounding the display screen.
  • the position of the installation seam 300 can be a glue structure, etc., and the gap structure 30 connecting the cavity is a part of the installation seam 300.
  • the installation seam 300 between the display screen 10 and the all-metal back cover (casing 20) constitutes the gap structure 30 of the cavity antenna gap, which expands the function of the installation seam 300, reduces the design cost, and eliminates the need for electronic equipment 01
  • An additional gap structure is provided on the casing 20, which can ensure the integrity of the all-metal back cover of the electronic device and save the manufacturing process cost. It can not only ensure the user experience and appearance integrity of the electronic device 01, but also realize the cavity Radiation performance of slot antennas.
  • the width W30 of the slit structure 30 is greater than or equal to 0.7 mm.
  • This solution ensures the radiation performance of the cavity slot antenna by limiting the lower limit of the width of the slot structure.
  • the width W30 of the slit structure 30 is 1.5 mm. This solution limits the specific value of the gap structure to 1.5mm. For the installation gap, limiting the size to 1.5mm can ensure the assembly requirements between the display screen and the housing, and can also satisfy the cavity gap antenna to have better radiation performance.
  • the width W30 of the slit structure 30 refers to the dimension perpendicular to the length direction of the slit structure 30 , and can also be understood as the vertical distance between the edge of the housing and the edge of the display screen.
  • the overall length of the electronic device 01 is 282 mm, and the overall near width of the electronic device 01 is 188 mm.
  • the width of the black border between the edge of the display area of the display screen 10 and the edge of the housing 20 may be 4 mm.
  • FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram of the width of the installation gap 300 between the edge of the second conductive layer 101 of the display screen 10 and the edge of the housing 20 in the embodiment of FIG. 12A .
  • the width of the installation gap 300 may be 1 mm or 1.5 mm.
  • the width of the installation slit 300 at the short side of the display screen 10 is 1.5 mm, and the width of the installation slit 300 at the long side of the display screen 10 is 1 mm.
  • the total thickness of the electronic device 01 is 4.7mm.
  • the vertical distance between the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 is 1.8 mm
  • the vertical distance between the circuit board 50 and the first conductive layer 201 is 0.7 mm.
  • the conductive connector 40 is a part of the battery compartment, or the conductive connector 40 is connected to the battery compartment.
  • the battery compartment is a structure for receiving the battery.
  • the battery compartment is a metal frame structure.
  • the conductive connector 40 can be integrated with the battery compartment. Formed architecture.
  • the length of the cavity 142 is 128 mm, and the width of the cavity 142 is 21 mm.
  • FIG. 14B shows an embodiment in which both ends of the conductive connector 40 are electrically connected to the first conductive layer 201 and the second conductive layer 101 respectively.
  • FIG. 14C shows an embodiment in which both ends of the conductive connector 40 are electrically connected to the second conductive layer 101 and the circuit board 50 respectively.
  • FIG. 14D shows an embodiment in which both ends of the conductive connector 40 are electrically connected to the first conductive layer 201 and the circuit board 50 respectively.
  • FIG. 15A shows a comparative diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the embodiment shown in Figure 14B, Figure 14C and Figure 14D.
  • FIG. 15B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of the embodiments shown in FIG. 14B, FIG. 14C, and FIG. 14D.
  • FIG. 16A, Figure 16B and Figure 16C provide three specific implementations of power feeding solutions.
  • both ends of the conductive connector 40 are electrically connected to the first conductive layer 201 and the second conductive layer 101 respectively.
  • the power feeding unit 60 feeds power toward the middle frame 11 of the housing 20 (ie, the side frame of the electronic device).
  • the connection between the feed unit 60 and the middle frame 11 is equivalent to a series capacitor with a capacitance value of 1.5pF.
  • both ends of the conductive connector 40 are electrically connected to the first conductive layer 201 and the second conductive layer 101 respectively.
  • the feeding unit 60 feeds power toward the second conductive layer 101 .
  • the feeding unit 60 and the display The second conductive layer 101 of the screen 10 is equivalent to a series capacitor, and the capacitance value is 1.5 pF.
  • both ends of the conductive connector 40 are electrically connected to the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 respectively.
  • the feed unit 60 feeds power toward the second conductive layer 101 .
  • the feed unit 60 and the display screen 10 The second conductive layer 101 is equivalent to a series capacitor, and the capacitance value is 1.5pF.
  • Figure 17A shows a comparative diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the embodiment shown in Figure 16A, Figure 16B and Figure 16C.
  • FIG. 17B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of the embodiments shown in FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, and FIG. 16C.
  • the embodiment shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B is that the conductive connector is connected between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and the feeding unit 60 faces The farther middle frame or second conductive layer feeds, which has better radiation efficiency, ensures the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and the WiFi antenna performance meets the needs.
  • the efficiency bandwidth brought by the implementation shown in Figure 16B can be increased by 2 times, and the WiFi 2.4GHz in-band efficiency reaches -3dB.
  • the specific positions of the circuit board are designed differently. Circuit boards at different positions are fed to the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer that is far away, so that the radiation efficiency of the cavity meets the requirements and the bandwidth is guaranteed. As shown in FIG. 18A , in one embodiment, the distance between the circuit board 50 and the first conductive layer 201 is smaller than the distance between the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 .
  • the distance between the circuit board 50 and the first conductive layer 201 is 0.7mm
  • the distance between the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 is 1.8mm
  • the feed unit 60 feeds power toward the second conductive layer 101, which can ensure the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the cavity.
  • the distance between the circuit board 50 and the first conductive layer 201 is greater than the distance between the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 .
  • the distance between the circuit board 50 and the first conductive layer 201 is 1.8mm
  • the distance between the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 is 0.7mm
  • the feeding unit 60 feeds power toward the first conductive layer 201, which can ensure the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the cavity.
  • the circuit board 50 is located in the middle position, that is, the distance between the circuit board 50 and the first conductive layer 201 and the second conductive layer 101 is close.
  • the distance between the circuit board 50 and the first conductive layer 201 is 1.2 mm
  • the distance between the circuit board 50 and the second conductive layer 101 is 1.3 mm.
  • the feeding unit 60 feeds power toward the second conductive layer 101, which can ensure the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the cavity.
  • FIG. 19A shows a comparative diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the embodiment shown in Figure 18A, Figure 18B and Figure 18C.
  • FIG. 19B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiency of the embodiments shown in FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C. See The graphs shown in Figure 19A and Figure 19B show that in the cavity, when the feed unit feeds toward the farther one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna can be guaranteed.
  • the feed unit The greater the distance between the antenna and the conductive layer (first conductive layer or second conductive layer) on the inner wall of the cavity, the better the antenna radiation efficiency and bandwidth.
  • the antenna unit composed of a cavity and a slot structure can generate three resonances in the operating frequency band.
  • the three resonances are: 2.46GHz, 2.87GHz, and 3.47GHz.
  • Figure 20A shows the current distribution diagram in the three resonance modes
  • Figure 20B shows the electric field distribution diagram in the three resonance modes.
  • Figure 21A is a schematic comparison diagram of S11 parameter distribution diagrams of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios.
  • Figure 21B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios. Among them: the length of the cavity provided by Scheme 1 is 96mm and the width is 23mm; the length of the cavity provided by Scheme 2 is 66mm and the width is 30mm; the length of the cavity provided by Scheme 3 is 56mm and the width is 69mm. Referring to Figure 21A and Figure 21B, it can be seen that as the length and width of the cavity increase, the antenna radiation efficiency and bandwidth can be improved. For low-profile cavity antennas, the lower limit of the aspect ratio of the cavity is around 1.
  • the aspect ratio is in the range of 1-2, the impact of the length of the cavity on the radiation efficiency exceeds that of the width of the cavity on the radiation efficiency.
  • the effect of increasing the width of the cavity on the fundamental mode is smaller.
  • the aspect ratio exceeds 3 (such as scheme 1), the fundamental mode radiation efficiency is significantly improved.
  • Figure 22A is a schematic comparison diagram of S11 parameter distribution diagrams of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios.
  • Figure 22B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of three antenna units composed of cavities with different aspect ratios. Among them: the length of the cavity provided by Scheme 1 is 62mm and the width is 28mm; the length of the cavity provided by Scheme 2 is 132mm and the width is 21mm; the length of the cavity provided by Scheme 3 is 192mm and the width is 18mm. Referring to Figure 22A and Figure 22B, it can be seen that as the length and width of the cavity increase, the resonant mode of the antenna unit increases, with more resonant frequency points, and the antenna radiation efficiency and bandwidth can be improved.
  • Figure 23 is an electric field distribution diagram of five resonant modes that can be generated by an antenna unit provided in an embodiment.
  • the length of the cavity is 192 mm and the width is 18 mm.
  • the frequencies of the five resonant modes are: 2.48GHz, 2.71GHz, 2.99GHz, 3.35GHz, and 3.75GHz.
  • the cavity 142 is provided with a connector 70.
  • the connector 70 is made of conductive material and has both ends connected to the first conductive layer 201 and the second conductive layer 201.
  • the distance between the connector 70 and one end of the cavity 142 is less than or equal to 0.25 times the length of the cavity 142.
  • the length of the connecting piece 70 is 20 mm
  • the length direction of the connecting piece is consistent with the length direction of the cavity
  • the distance between the connecting piece and the middle frame 11 of the housing 20 is 8mm
  • the nearest distance between the connector and the metal connector is 4mm.
  • FIG. 26A is a comparative schematic diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagram of the antenna unit provided by two specific embodiments (the solution without connecting parts and the solution with connecting parts respectively).
  • FIG. 26B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiency of the antenna unit provided in two specific embodiments (the solution without connecting parts and the solution with connecting parts respectively). From Figure 26A and Figure 26B, it can be seen that this solution can maintain low-frequency performance while optimizing high-frequency performance by arranging connectors in the cavity.
  • the connector can be a conductive structure such as a metal pillar or a metal shrapnel.
  • the operating frequency of the cavity includes a first frequency and a second frequency
  • the second frequency is higher than the first frequency
  • the connector does not affect the radiation performance of the first frequency
  • the radiation performance of the second frequency can be optimized.
  • the cavity with the connector 70 shown in Figures 24 and 25 can generate three resonance modes, and the three resonances are: 4.52GHz, 5.28GHz, and 5.66GHz respectively.
  • the frequency generated by the cavity provided by this embodiment is higher. The higher the frequency, the more obvious the electric field distribution.
  • Figure 26A shows the current distribution diagram in three resonance modes
  • Figure 26B shows the three resonance modes. The electric field distribution diagram below. It can be seen from FIG. 26A and FIG. 26B that the position of the connecting member 70 is the weak point of the current and the strong point of the electric field.
  • the electronic device provided by this application is provided with at least two antenna units.
  • Each antenna unit is composed of a cavity and a slot structure.
  • the aspect ratio of the cavity in different antenna units may be different.
  • the aspect ratio of the cavity of the first antenna unit 011 in the electronic device is greater than 3.
  • the length of the cavity is 128mm and the width of the cavity is 21mm.
  • the aspect ratio of the cavity of the antenna unit and the second antenna unit 012 is less than 2.
  • the length of the cavity is 54 mm and the width of the cavity is 36 mm.
  • Figure 28A is a schematic comparison diagram of the S11 parameter distribution diagrams of the two antenna units in Figure 27.
  • FIG. 28B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of the two antenna units in FIG. 27 .
  • Such two antenna units have a large gap in performance and can cover different operating frequency bands. For example, different combinations of antenna units can cover WiFi 2.4GHz and WiFi 5GHz.
  • the electronic device 01 is equipped with a first antenna unit 011 and a second antenna unit 012.
  • the aforementioned cavity 142 and the slot structure 30 constitute the first antenna unit 011.
  • the second antenna unit 012 includes The second conductive connection member 40A is electrically connected between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • the first conductive layer, the second conductive connection member 40A and The second conductive layers are collectively surrounded to form a second cavity 142A.
  • the electronic device 01 is provided with a second slot structure 30A.
  • the second cavity 142A and the second slot structure 30A constitute a cavity slot antenna.
  • the second cavity 142A is formed by the second conductive layer.
  • the slot structure 30A is a path through which the second cavity 142A communicates with the external electromagnetic waves of the electronic device 01.
  • the specific design solutions of the second cavity 142A and the second slot structure 30A can also refer to the cavities provided in all the aforementioned embodiments.
  • the specific design scheme of the body 142 and the gap structure 30 will not be described again.
  • the second antenna unit 012 and the first antenna unit 011 are arranged adjacent to each other, and a spacing member 013 is provided between them.
  • the spacing member 013 includes a conductive material, and the spacing member 013 is used to lift the second antenna unit 011 . Isolation between the antenna unit 012 and the first antenna unit 011.
  • the spacer component 013 is a conductive structure such as a metal pillar or a metal elastic piece that is electrically connected between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • the operating frequency of the first antenna unit 011 and the operating frequency of the second antenna unit 012 both include 5 GHz.
  • FIG. 30A is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 30B is a schematic diagram comparing the antenna radiation efficiencies of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit in FIG. 29 .
  • the case 20 is an all-metal back case, and the first conductive layer 201 covers most or all of the area of the case 20.
  • the second conductive layer 101 is a shielding layer of the display screen 10, and the second conductive layer 101 covers most or all of the area of the display screen.
  • the second conductive layer 101 is reduced to the edge of the cavity 142 compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 31A , but the first conductive layer 201 still covers most or all of the area of the housing 20 . .
  • FIG. 31B the second conductive layer 101 is reduced to the edge of the cavity 142 compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 31A , but the first conductive layer 201 still covers most or all of the area of the housing 20 .
  • the second conductive layer 101 is reduced to the edge of the cavity 142 compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 31A
  • the first conductive layer 201 is reduced to the edge of the cavity 142 compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 31A . edge position.
  • the performance of the antenna unit composed of the cavity 142 and the slot structure 30 remains unchanged. .
  • Figure 32A is a S-curve comparison chart of the antenna unit provided in the embodiment shown in Figure 31A, Figure 31B and Figure 31C
  • Figure 32B is provided in the embodiment shown in Figure 31A, Figure 31B and Figure 31C Comparison of radiation efficiency of antenna units.
  • the reduction in the area of the first conductive layer 201 and the second conductive layer 101 has little impact on the low frequency band, and the reduction in the area of the first conductive layer of the electronic device housing improves 5G WiFi performance. Therefore, in one implementation, the casing of the electronic device can be a non-metallic casing, and only a metal layer is provided at the position corresponding to the cavity, which can ensure the 5G WiFi performance of the antenna unit.
  • the conductive connector is part of a mounting bracket in the electronic device, and the mounting bracket is any one or a combination of at least two of a battery compartment, a middle frame, and a camera mounting bracket.
  • Figure 33 is an implementation mode of the present application. Provided is a structural schematic diagram of the interconnection between conductive connectors and battery compartments in electronic equipment. Referring to Figure 33, in one embodiment, the conductive connector 40 and the battery compartment 90 are interconnected as a whole.
  • the conductive connector 40 can be a metal spring structure or a metal wall or metal column structure.
  • This solution sets the conductive connection and the battery compartment into an integrated structure, which is convenient for assembly and fixation.
  • the battery compartment can be used as a carrier for the battery and for fixing the conductive connector, so that the battery compartment has dual functions, which is not only beneficial to saving space. Achieving miniaturization design is also beneficial to the structural stability of conductive connectors.
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a conductive connector and circuit board interconnection in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the conductive connector 40 is connected to the circuit board 50 in the cavity.
  • the conductive connection member 40 includes a first conductive member 41 and a second conductive member 42. One end of the first conductive member 41 is fixed to a surface of the circuit board 50, and the other end of the first conductive member 41 is electrically connected.
  • first conductive member 41 and the second conductive member 42 are electrically connected through the circuit 501 in the circuit board 50 .
  • the first conductive member 41 and the second conductive member 42 may be a metal spring structure or a metal pillar structure
  • the circuit 501 in the circuit board 50 may be a copper pillar, through hole or other structure in the circuit board.
  • the first conductive member and the second conductive member can be fixed on the circuit board through the patch process, and the circuit board serves as a carrying feed unit.
  • the necessary structure, this solution connects the conductive connector to the circuit board, without introducing other fixed structures to fix the conductive connector, which is conducive to saving space, easy to achieve miniaturization of electronic equipment, and can also ensure the structural stability of the conductive connector sex.
  • the first conductive member and the second conductive member may be elastic pieces that elastically resist the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer so that the cavity has a continuous electrical connection function, thus ensuring the stability of the radiation performance of the cavity slot antenna.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of a conductive connector in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application including multiple connection subunits.
  • at least part of the conductive connector 40 includes a plurality of connection sub-units 43, and there is at least one connection sub-unit 43 at each edge of the cavity 142 in the width direction.
  • the distance between adjacent connection subunits 43 is less than or equal to half the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the cavity 142 .

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种电子设备，电子设备和壳体和显示屏共同围设形成电子设备的内部空间，壳体包括第一导电层，显示屏包括第二导电层，第一导电层和第二导电层在电子设备的厚度方向上层叠设置，电子设备内部设有导电连接件，导电连接件电连接在第一导电层和第二导电层之间，第一导电层、导电连接件和第二导电层共同围设形成腔体，腔体上设有缝隙结构，腔体和缝隙结构构成腔体缝隙天线，腔体的长度和腔体的宽度的比值范围大于等于3。本申请能够在有限的空间内通过腔体的长宽比的限制，实现腔体缝隙天线能够产生至少两个谐振，获得较好的带宽。

Description

电子设备
本申请要求于2022年06月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210745490.2，发明名称为“电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，本申请要求于2022年10月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211330940.8，发明名称为“电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种电子设备。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，多输入多输出(multi input multi output，MIMO)天线技术在电子设备上的应用愈加广泛，天线数量成倍增加，覆盖频段越来越多。电子设备产品尤其是金属工业设计(industry design，ID)的电子设备依然要求很高的结构紧凑性。而最近的电子设备设计趋势是更高的屏占比、更多的多媒体器件以及更大的电池容量，这些设计使得天线空间被急剧压缩。
缝隙天线是在导体面上开缝形成的天线，电磁波通过缝隙向外部空间辐射。缝隙天线具有低剖面，可集成化等特点，受到了人们广泛关注与研究。以电子设备为终端设备(例如手机)为例，缝隙天线不需要在手机终端内额外增加器件，通过缝隙就可以辐射，避免增加其它金属条导致空间不够的问题，因此，可以将缝隙天线用于终端设备，以实现终端设备的小型化。
如何利有电子设备的有限空间，设计一种通过一个馈电可以实现多个谐振的宽频的腔体缝隙天线为业界研究的方向。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，具有腔体缝隙天线，且腔体缝隙天线通过一个馈电能实现至少两个谐振，具有较好的频宽。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
本申请提供一种电子设备，包括显示屏和壳体，所述壳体和所述显示屏共同围设形成所述电子设备的内部空间，所述壳体包括第一导电层，所述显示屏包括第二导电层，所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层在所述电子设备的厚度方向上层叠设置，所述电子设备内部设有导电连接件，所述导电连接件电连接在所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层之间，所述第一导电层、所述导电连接件和所述第二导电层共同围设形成腔体，所述腔体上设有缝隙结构，所述腔体和所述缝隙结构构成腔体缝隙天线，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围大于等于3，所述缝隙结构的长度和所述腔体的长度一致；所述腔体的长度为：沿着所述缝隙结构的延伸方向，从所述腔体的一端至另一端的距离；所述腔体的宽度为：在垂直于所述缝隙结构的延伸方向上，且垂直于所述电子设备厚度方向上，所述腔体的尺寸。
本申请通过第一导电层、第二导电层和导电连接件在电子设备的内部空间构建腔体缝隙天线架构，通过约束腔体的长宽比，能实现腔体和缝隙结构构成的腔体缝隙天线在一个馈电信号的激励下，至少产生两个工作谐振(频点)，具有较好的带宽特征。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为：大于等于3 且小于等于10。本方案通过限制腔体的长宽比的上限(小于等于10)，限制了腔体缝隙天线在电子设备内占有的空间，能够实现在有限的空间内实现拓宽了天线单元的工作带宽，具有较好的辐射性能。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为：大于等于4且小于等于6。本方案可以实现尺寸和辐射性能的平衡，在合适的尺寸范围内，提升天线单元辐射性能，一方面可以节约空间，另一方面也能保证腔体能产生两个或三个谐振模式。
一种可能的实现方式中，在所述电子设备的厚度的方向上，所述腔体的尺寸大于等于为1mm。本方案通过限制腔体在厚度方向上的尺寸，保存腔体缝隙天线的辐射性能，在有限的空间内，腔体在厚度方向上的尺寸越大，辐射性能越好，但为了保证电子设备小型化的设计需求，将腔体尺寸限制为大于等于1mm，即可以兼顾天线的辐射性能和电子设备空间设计的需求。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括2.4GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于75mm且小于等于150mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于15mm且小于等于30mm。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，能够限定了一种工作在2.4GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括5GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于36mm且小于等于72mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于7.2mm且小于等于14.4。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，能够限定了一种工作在5GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括2.4GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于75mm且小于等于100mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于15mm且小于等于25mm。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，本方案相对前述实现方式，限定一种更具体的范围，同样是为了限定了一种工作在2.4GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括5GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于36mm且小于等于48mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于7.2mm且小于等于12mm。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，本方案相对前述实现方式，限定一种更具体的范围，同样是为了限定了一种工作在5GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述壳体为一体式全金属后盖结构，所述壳体的边缘和所述显示屏的边缘对接构成封闭式环绕所述显示屏的安装缝，所述缝隙结构为部分所述安装缝。本方案将显示屏和全金属后盖之间的安装缝构成腔体天线缝隙的缝隙结构，使得安装缝的功能得到拓展，降低设计成本，无需在电子设备的壳体上额外设置缝隙结构，能够保证电子设备的全金属后盖的完整性，也节约了制作工艺成本，不但能保证电子设备的用户体验感，外观完整性，还能实现腔体缝隙天线的辐射性能。
具体而言，缝隙结构的宽度可以大于等于0.7mm。本方案通过约束缝隙结构30的宽度范围，实现在电子设备的壳体和显示屏正常连接的情况下，二者之间的部分安装缝具有天线单元的缝隙结构的功能，能保证天线单元的辐射效率。本方案通过限制缝隙结构的宽度的下限，来保证腔体缝隙天线的辐射性能，对于腔体缝隙天线而言，缝隙结构的宽度越大，辐射性能越好。
一种具体的实施方式中，缝隙结构的宽度为1.5mm。本方案通过限定缝隙结构具体值为1.5mm，对于安装缝而言，尺寸限制在1.5mm可以保证显示屏和壳体之间组装的需求，也可 以满足腔体缝隙天线具有较好的辐射性能。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述电子设备包括馈电单元，所述馈电单元位于所述腔体内，所述馈电单元包括馈电端口，所述第一导电层包括底部和侧部，所述底部与所述第二导电层相对间隔设置，所述侧部连接在所述底部和所述显示屏的边缘之间，所述馈电端口与所述第二导电层之间的垂直距离为第一距离，所述馈电端口与所述底部之间的垂直距离为第二距离，所述馈电端口与所述侧部之间的垂直距离为第三距离；
所述第一距离、所述第二距离和所述第三距离中最大的一个为所述第一距离，所述馈电端口馈电在所述第二导电层上；或，所述第一距离、所述第二距离和所述第三距离中最大的一个为所述第三距离，所述馈电端口馈电在所述第一导电层的所述侧部上；或，所述第一距离、所述第二距离和所述第三距离中最大的一个为所述第二距离，所述馈电端口馈电在所述第一导电层的所述底部上。本方案限定了馈电端口朝向距离较远的第一导电层或第二导电层馈电，使得腔体的辐射效率满足需求，容易保证带宽。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述显示屏包括顶边、底边和连接在所述顶边和所述底边之间的侧边，所述缝隙结构呈直线状且形成在所述侧边或所述顶边。本实施例提供的缝隙结构为显示屏和壳体之间的安装缝的一部分，安装缝环绕显示屏一周，缝隙结构为直线状，可以位于显示屏的侧边或顶边。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述显示屏包括相邻设置的第一边缘和第二边缘，所述缝隙结构呈弯折状且位于所述第一边缘和所述第二边缘的连接区域，部分所述缝隙结构形成在所述第一边缘，部分所述缝隙结构形成在所述第二边缘。本方案提供的缝隙结构可以位于显示屏的一个角落的边缘位置，即第一边缘和第二边缘的连接的区域，本方案易于实现小型化设计，而且显示屏的角落的位置通常比较少设置其它的器件，刚好可以留出空间来设计腔体，构成腔体缝隙天线。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述显示屏包括依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘和第三边缘，所述第一边缘和所述第三边缘相对设置，所述缝隙结构半包围状，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第一边缘，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第二边缘，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第三边缘。本方案提供一种U形的缝隙结构，可以具有较大的长宽比，能产生更多的谐振频点。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述导电连接件为所述电子设备内的安装架的一部分，所述安装架为电池仓、中框、摄像头安装架中的任意一个或至少两个的组合。一种实施方式中，导电连接件和电池仓互连为一体，导电连接件可以为金属弹片结构或金属墙、金属柱结构，电池仓安装在电子设备中时，能够保证导电连接件的两端抵接至第一导电层和第二导电层，构成腔体架构。本方案将导电连接与电池仓设置为一体式结构，方便组装和固定，电池仓即可以作为电池的承载体，又用于固定导电连接件，使得电池仓具有双功能，不但有利于节约空间，实现小型化设计，还有利于导电连接件的结构稳定性。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述电子设备内设电路板，所述电路板至少部分位于所述腔体内，所述电路板用于设置馈电单元，至少部分所述导电连接件连接至所述电路板，所述导电连接件包括第一导电件和第二导电件，所述第一导电件的一端固定至所述电路板的一个表面，所述第一导电件的另一端电连接所述第一导电层，所述第二导电件的一端固定至所述电路板的另一个表面，所述第二导电件的另一端电连接所述第二导电层，所述第一导电件和所述第二导电件通过所述电路板内的线路电连接。本方案通过将导电连接件集成在电路板上，通过组装电路板即可以构建腔体，第一导电件和第二导电件可以通过贴片工艺固定在电路板上， 电路板作为承载馈电单元的必要结构，本方案将导电连接件连接至电路板，不需要引入其它的固定结构来固定导电连接件，有利于节约空间，容易实现电子设备的小型化，也能保证导电连接件的结构稳定性。第一导电件和第二导电件可以为弹片结构，通过弹性抵持第一导电层和第二导电层，使得腔体具有连续的电连接功能，从而能保证腔体缝隙天线辐射性能的稳定。
一种具体的实施方式中，至少部分所述导电连接件包括多个连接子单元，在所述腔体宽度方向上的各边缘处均至少具有一个所述连接子单元，相邻的连接子单元之间的距离小于或等于所述腔体的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长的二分之一。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为大于等于3且小于等于7的情况下，在所述腔体的最低谐振频率的50％带宽内，所述腔体能够产生两个或三个谐振模式。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为大于7且小于等于10的情况下，在所述腔体的最低谐振频率的50％带宽内，所述腔体能够产生四个或四个以上的谐振模式。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述腔体内设连接件，所述连接件包括导电材质且两端分别接通所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层，在所述腔体的长度方向上，所述连接件距离所述腔体的一端小于等于0.25倍的所述腔体的长度。本方案通过在腔体内设置连接件，能够实现保持低频性能同时，优化高频性能。连接件可以为金属柱、金属弹片等导电结构。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述腔体的工作频率包括第一频率和第二频率，所述第二频率高于所述第一频率，所述连接件不影响所述第一频率的辐射性能，且能够优化所述第二频率的辐射性能。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述腔体和所述缝隙结构构成第一天线单元，所述电子设备还包括第二天线单元，所述第二天线单元包括第二导电连接件，所述第二导电连接件电连接在所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层之间，所述第一导电层、所述第二导电连接件和所述第二导电层共同围设形成第二腔体，所述电子设备设有第二缝隙结构，所述第二腔体和所述第二缝隙结构构成腔体缝隙天线，所述第二天线单元和所述第一天线单元邻近设置，且二者之间设有间隔部件，所述间隔部件包括导电材质。所述间隔部用于提升所述第二天线单元和所述第一天线单元之间的隔离度。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述间隔部为电连接在所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层之间的金属柱。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的立体拆解结构示意图；
图2A为图1所示的电子设备的一种实施方式的侧视图；
图2B为图1所示的电子设备的另一种实施方式的侧视图；
图2C为一种实施方式提供的电子设备的后盖的示意图；
图2D为一种实施方式提供的电子设备的中框的示意图；
图3为一种实施方式提供的电子设备的示意图；
图4为图3中I部分的放大示意图；
图5为一种实施方式提供的电子设备的示意图；
图6A为图5中II部分的放大示意图；
图6B为图5中III部分的放大示意图；
图7为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备截面示意图；
图8为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备内部结构的平面示意图；
图9A和图9B所示为一种实施方式提供的直条状的腔体，图9A为腔体及腔体在第一谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图，图9B为腔体及腔体在第二谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图；
图10A和图10B所示为一种实施方式提供的具有弯折形态的腔体，图10A为腔体及腔体在第一谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图，图10B为腔体及腔体在第二谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图；
图11A和图11B所示为一种实施方式提供的弯折呈半包围状的腔体，图11A为腔体及腔体在第一谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图，图11B为腔体及腔体在第二谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图；
图12A为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的平面图；
图12B为图12A的实施方式中的显示屏的第二导电层的边缘和壳体的边缘之间的安装缝的宽度示意图；
图13为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的部分截面示意图；
图14A为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的具体尺寸的腔体的示意图；
图14B为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件的两端分别电连接至第一导电层和第二导电层的实施方式的示意图；
图14C为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件的两端分别电连接至第二导电层和电路板的实施方式的示意图；
图14D为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件的两端分别电连接至第一导电层和电路板的实施方式的示意图；
图15A为图14B、图14C和图14D所示的实施方式的S11参数分布图的对比示意图；
图15B为图14B、图14C和图14D所示的实施方式的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图16A、图16B和图16C为本申请提供的电子设备的三种具体实施方式的馈电方案的示意图；
图17A为图16A、图16B和图16C所示的实施方式的S11参数分布图的对比示意图；
图17B为图16A、图16B和图16C所示的实施方式的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图18A、图18B和图18C为本申请提供的电子设备的三种具体实施方式的电路板的具体位置不同的设计的示意图；
图19A为图18A、图18B和图18C所示的实施方式的S11参数分布图的对比示意图；
图19B为图18A、图18B和图18C所示的实施方式的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图20A为本申请提供的电子设备的腔体和缝隙结构构成的天线单元能够在工作频段内产生的三个谐振模式下的电流分布图；
图20B为本申请提供的电子设备的腔体和缝隙结构构成的天线单元能够在工作频段内产生的三个谐振模式下的电场分布图；
图21A为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图；
图21B为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图22A为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图；
图22B为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图23为一种实施方式提供的天线单元能够产生的五种谐振模式的电场分布图；
图24为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的腔体内设置连接件的示意图；
图25为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的腔体内设置连接件的示意图；
图26A为两种具体的实施方式(分别为不设置连接件和设置连接件的方案)提供的天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图；
图26B为两种具体的实施方式(分别为不设置连接件和设置连接件的方案)提供的天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图26C为图24和图25所示的实施方式提供的具有连接件的腔体所产生的三个谐振模式的电流分布图；
图26D为图24和图25所示的实施方式提供的具有连接件的腔体所产生的三个谐振模式的电场分布图；
图27为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备内的具有第一天线单元和第二天线单元的示意图；
图28A为图27中的两个天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图；
图28B为图27中的两个天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图29为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备内的具有第一天线单元和第二天线单元，且第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间具有间隔部件的示意图；
图30A为图29中的第一天线单元和第二天线单元的S参数示意图；
图30B为图29中的第一天线单元和第二天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图；
图31A为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的截面示意图；
图31B为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的截面示意图；
图31C为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的截面示意图；
图32A为图31A、图31B和图31C所示的实施方式提供的天线单元的S曲线对比图；
图32B为图31A、图31B和图31C所示的实施方式提供的天线单元的辐射效率对比图；
图33为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件和电池仓互连的结构示意图；
图34为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件和电路板互连的结构示意图；
图35为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件包括多个连接子单元的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下，对本申请实施例可能出现的术语进行解释。
平行：本申请所定义的平行不限定为绝对平行，此平行的定义可以理解为基本平行，允许在组装公差、设计公差、结构平面度的影响等因素所带来的不是绝对平行的情况，允许存在小角度范围的误差，例如10度以内的组装误差范围内，都可以被理解为是平行的关系。
垂直：本申请所定义的垂直不限定为绝对的垂直相交(夹角为90度)的关系，允许在组装公差、设计公差、结构平面度的影响等因素所带来的不是绝对的垂直相交的关系，允许存 在小角度范围的误差，例如80度至100度的范围的组装误差范围内，都可以被理解为是垂直的关系。
电连接：可理解为元器件物理接触并电导通，也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过PCB铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式。其中，“连接”则是指的机械构造，物理构造的连接。
耦合：指两个或两个以上的电路元件或电网络的输入与输出之间存在紧密配合与相互影响，并通过相互作用从一侧向另一侧传输能量的现象。
接通：通过以上“电连接”或“耦合连接”的方式使得两个或两个以上的元器件之间导通或连通来进行信号/能量传输，都可称为接通。
天线方向图：也称辐射方向图。是指在离天线一定距离处，天线辐射场的相对场强(归一化模值)随方向变化的图形，通常采用通过天线最大辐射方向上的两个相互垂直的平面方向图来表示。
天线方向图通常都有多个辐射波束。其中辐射强度最大的辐射波束称为主瓣，其余的辐射波束称为副瓣或旁瓣。在副瓣中，与主瓣相反方向上的副瓣也叫后瓣。
天线回波损耗：可以理解为经过天线电路反射回天线端口的信号功率与天线端口发射功率的比值。反射回来的信号越小，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越大，天线的辐射效率越大。反射回来的信号越大，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越小，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线回波损耗可以用S11参数来表示，S11参数通常为负数。S11参数越小，表示天线回波损耗越小，天线的辐射效率越大；S11参数越大，表示天线回波损耗越大，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线隔离度：指一个天线发射的信号与另一个天线所接收的信号功率的比值。
天线系统效率：指天线向空间辐射出去的功率(即有效地转换电磁波部分的功率)和天线的输入功率之比。
天线辐射效率：指天线向空间辐射出去的功率(即有效地转换电磁波部分的功率)和输入到天线的有功功率之比。其中，输入到天线的有功功率＝天线的输入功率-天线损耗；天线损耗主要包括金属的欧姆损耗和/或介质损耗。
工作频段：天线模块属于射频系统，射频系统需要工作在一定的频率范围内，才能够与其它设备相互通信，射频系统的工作的频率范围称为工作频段。
工作谐振：指的是天线单元在工作频段下产生的谐振。
增益：用于表征天线把输入功率集中辐射的程度。通常，天线方向图的主瓣越窄，副瓣越小，天线增益越高。
隔离度：是指一个天线发射的信号与另一个天线所接收的信号功率的比值。可以用S21、S12参数表示。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
此外，本申请中，“上”、“下”等方位术语是相对于附图中的部件示意置放的方位来定义的，应当理解到，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，其可以根据附图中部件所放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化。
本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，该电子设备包括例如手机、平板电脑、车载电脑、智能穿戴产品、物联网(internet of things，IOT)等。本申请实施例对上述电子设备的具体形式不做特殊限制。以下为了方便说明，是以电子设备为手机为例进行的说明。
一种实施方式中，如图1所示，电子设备01主要包括显示屏10、中框11以及后盖12。中框11位于显示屏10和后盖12之间。图1只是示意性地表达显示屏10、中框11以及后盖12在分解状态的示意图，图1所示的实施方式并不能限定显示屏10、中框11以及后盖12的具体的结构形态。后盖12可以为金属后盖，为全金属材料。
显示屏10用于显示图像。在本申请的一些实施例中，显示屏10包括液晶显示(liquid crystal display，LCD)模组和背光模组(back light unit，BLU)。或者，在本申请的另一些实施例中，显示屏10可以为有机发光二极管(organic lightemitting diode，OLED)显示屏。
中框11包括承载板110和绕承载板110一周的导电边框112。在一些实施例中，导电边框112可以是在承载板110上一体形成的导电边框。应可理解，在另一些实施例中，导电边框112和承载板110也可以是相互独立的，例如，导电边框112和承载板110可以采用不同材料分别成型，例如，导电边框112由导电材料成型，承载板110由非导电材料成型。
承载板110朝向后盖12的表面上可以设置印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)、摄像头、电池等电子器件。其中，摄像头和电池图中未示出。后盖12与中框11相连接形成用于容纳上述PCB、摄像头以及电池等电子器件的容纳腔。后盖12与中框11密封连接(后盖12与中框11也可以为一体式的结构)，可以防止外界的水汽和尘土侵入该容纳腔内，对上述电子器件的性能造成影响。
显示屏10、中框11以及后盖12可以在电子设备的厚度方向(Z方向)上分别设置于不同的层，这些层可以相互平行，各层所在的平面可以称为X-Y平面，垂直于X-Y平面的方向可以称为Z方向。也即是说，显示屏10、中框11以及后盖12可以在Z方向上分层分布。显示屏10可以通过如图1所示的柔性电路板(flexible printed circuit，FPC)穿过承载板110后，与设置于承载板110上的PCB电连接。从而可以使得PCB将显示数据传输至显示屏10，以控制显示屏10进行图像显示。
图1所示的实施方式中，中框11和后盖12共同构成电子设备的壳体20，壳体20和显示屏10共同围成电子设备01的内部空间，壳体20包括第一导电层201，第一导电层201可以为后盖12的部分区域，例如，后盖12的边缘区域。一种具体的实施方式中，后盖12为一体式金属结构，第一导电层201为后盖12的一部分。其它实施方式中，后盖12也可以包括非金属主体，第一导电层201可以设置在非金属主体的内表面。显示屏10包括朝向中框11的第二导电层101，第二导电层101可以为金属材料，第二导电层101也可以为显示屏10的屏蔽层，用于实现显示屏10免受电子设备01内的其它器件干扰。
图2A为图1所示的电子设备的一种实施方式的侧视图。参阅图2A，电子设备01设有安装缝300，安装缝300可以为显示屏10和中框11之间连接处的缝隙，此安装缝300可以为填充绝缘介质的缝隙。例如：一种实施方式中，结合参阅图1，安装缝300为：显示屏10的第二导电层101的边缘和中框11之间构成非导电的结构，也可以称之为显示屏10的边缘位置的黑边，安装缝300可以环绕显示屏10一圈。本实施方式中的安装缝300的部分区域可 以作为电子设备内的腔体天线与外界电磁波辐射的路径，作为腔体天线的一部分。
图2B为图1所示的电子设备的另一种实施方式的侧视图。参阅图2B，安装缝300也可以为中框11和后盖12之间连接处的非导电结构。同样，本实施方式中的安装缝300的部分区域可以作为电子设备内的腔体天线与外界电磁波辐射的路径，作为腔体天线的一部分。
图2C为一种实施方式提供的电子设备的后盖12的示意图。参阅图2C，可以在后盖12上设置缝隙结构30，例如，后盖12上除了缝隙结构30之外的其它部分均为金属材料，缝隙结构30为在一体式的金属后盖上切除部分材料并填充绝缘介质构成。本申请不限定设置在后盖12上的缝隙结构30的具体的形态，缝隙结构30可以为直线形、曲线形、L形等。本实施方式中的缝隙结构30可以作为电子设备内的腔体天线与外界电磁波辐射的路径，作为腔体天线的一部分。
图2D为一种实施方式提供的电子设备的中框11的示意图。参阅图2D，缝隙结构30也可以设置在中框11上，例如在中框11上开设缝隙并填充绝缘介质(例如绝缘介质为陶瓷材料)。与图2C所示的实施方式类似，本实施方式中的缝隙结构30可以作为电子设备内的腔体天线与外界电磁波辐射的路径，作为腔体天线的一部分。
图3所示为一种实施方式提供的电子设备的示意图，图3所示的实施方式与图1所示的实施方式的主要区别在于：图3所示的实施方式中，电子设备01包括显示屏10和壳体20，壳体20为一体式的金属后盖结构，壳体20的边缘和显示屏10的边缘对接，安装缝300形成在壳体20的边缘和显示屏10的边缘之间，其中部分安装缝300可以作为电子设备内的腔体与外界之间辐射电路波的路径，即缝隙结构30。参阅图4，图4为图3中I部分的放大示意图。本实施方式中，安装缝300可以包括直线段和曲线段。安装缝300环绕显示屏10一周，缝隙结构30可以位于安装缝300的直线段上，或曲线段上，或缝隙结构30从直线段延伸至曲线段(例如：图3中I所标示的圈内的部分所示的缝隙结构30)。缝隙结构30为直线状的一种实施方式中，显示屏10包括顶边、底边和连接在所述顶边和所述底边之间的侧边，所述缝隙结构30呈直线状且形成在所述侧边或所述顶边。缝隙结构30为曲线状的一种实施方式中，所述显示屏10包括相邻设置的第一边缘和第二边缘，所述缝隙结构呈弯折状且位于所述第一边缘和所述第二边缘的连接区域，部分所述缝隙结构形成在所述第一边缘，部分所述缝隙结构形成在所述第二边缘。本方案提供的缝隙结构可以位于显示屏的一个角落的边缘位置，即第一边缘和第二边缘的连接的区域，本方案易于实现小型化设计，而且显示屏的角落的位置通常比较少设置其它的器件，刚好可以留出空间来设计腔体，构成腔体缝隙天线。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述显示屏包括依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘和第三边缘，所述第一边缘和所述第三边缘相对设置，所述缝隙结构半包围状，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第一边缘，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第二边缘，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第三边缘。本方案提供一种U形的缝隙结构，可以具有较大的长宽比，能产生更多的谐振频点。
图3所示的实施方式中，缝隙结构30也可以形成在壳体20上。本实施方式中，电子设备01也包括第一导电层和第二导电层，例如，第二导电层为显示屏10的屏蔽层结构，第一导电层为壳体20的一部分，壳体20可以为全金属材料制作的一体式结构。
图5所示为一种实施方式提供的电子设备01的示意图，图5所示的实施方式与图3所示的实施方式相同之外在于：电子设备01的壳体20均为一体式金属后盖结构。图5所示的实施方式与图3所示的实施方式的主要区别在于：图5所示的实施方式中的显示屏10为曲面屏 结构。本实施方式中，安装缝300形成在壳体20的边缘和显示屏10的边缘之间，可以环绕显示屏10一周设置。缝隙结构30可以为安装缝300的一部分。图6A为图5中II部分的放大示意图，图6B为图5中III部分的放大示意图。图6A中所示的缝隙结构30位于电子设备01的侧边靠近顶部的区域，图6B所示的缝隙结构30位于电子设备01的底边。本实施方式中，缝隙结构30也可以形成在壳体20内部。本实施方式中，电子设备01也包括第一导电层和第二导电层，例如，第二导电层为显示屏10的屏蔽层结构，第一导电层为壳体20的一部分。
本申请提供的电子设备内部的第一导电层、第二导电层与导电连接件连接构成腔体，通过表面的缝隙结构30作为腔体和电子设备外界电路磁连通的路径，构成天线单元，天线单元可以理解为腔体缝隙天线，通过馈电单元的馈电激励天线单元产生谐振。
图7为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备截面示意图，图7可以看到显示屏10和壳体20包围形成的电子设备的内部空间，壳体20为一体式的全金属结构，在显示屏10和壳体20的连接处形成安装缝(可以与图3和图5所示的实施方式中的安装缝300类似，即安装缝为环绕显示屏10的非屏蔽材质，安装缝的位置可以成为电子设备内的天线与外界之间电磁波互通的路径)。一种实施方式中，部分安装缝作为电子设备内部的腔体天线的电磁波通信路径的缝隙结构30。因此，本申请提供的缝隙结构30位于显示屏10和壳体20的连接处。缝隙结构30可以为显示屏10和壳体20的连接处的绝缘胶或绝缘介质。显示屏10包括第二导电层101(例如第二导电层101可以为显示屏10的屏蔽层)，壳体20包括第一导电层201(例如第一导电层201为壳体20本身，此情况下，壳体20为全金属结构)。本申请具体实施方式中，通过在电子设备内部的导电连接件40电连接在显示屏10的第二导电层101和壳体20的第一导电层201之间，所述第二导电层101、所述导电连接件40和所述第一导电层201共同围设形成腔体142，所述缝隙结构30为所述腔体142与所述电子设备的外界电磁波连通的路径。
图7所示的实施方式中，电路板50部分位于腔体142中，电路板50可以层叠设置在第一导电层201和第二导电层101之间，电路板50和第一导电层201之间可以通过介质相隔，此介质也可以为空气，电路板50和第二导电层101之间也可以通过介质相隔。一种具体的实施方式中，电路板50邻近电子设备侧框的位置设置馈电单元60(可以为馈电端口)，电子设备的侧框可以为壳体20的中框11。电路板50上设有馈电线路，馈电线路电连接在电子设备内的射频电路和馈电端口之间。电子设备内的射频电路可以位于电子设备中的主板上。
图8为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备内部结构的平面示意图，图8可以看到一种实施方式提供的电子设备内部的导电连接件位置及电路板的位置。由于导电连接件是连接在第一导电层和第二导电层之间，图8只显示第一导电层201、导电连接件40和电路板50的位置关系，导电连接件40显在平行于第一导电层201所在平面方向上的截面示意图。如图8所示，一种实施方式中，最外围的矩形框代表电子设备的壳体和显示屏之间连接处的安装缝300，缝隙结构30为安装缝300的一部分，此实施方式与图2A所示的实施方式相似。其它实施方式中，缝隙结构30也可以为图2B或图2C、图2D所示的实施方式。本申请不限定缝隙结构具体的位置。缝隙结构30也可以为图3、图5所示的任意一种实施方式或者组合。
如图8所示，一种实施方式中，导电连接件40的两端连接在安装缝300的位置为安装缝的两个接地位置G1，G2，这两个接地位置之间的部分安装缝300为缝隙结构30。缝隙结构30的两端为导电连接件40的两端。缝隙结构30和导电连接件40共同包围的空间为腔体142， 部分电路板50位于腔体142内。电路板50上设有馈电单元60，图8中用黑色小圆点代表馈电单元60的馈电端口位置。馈电单元60可以包括此馈电端口，也可以包括馈电线路、馈电线路上的匹配电路等等。
本申请通过在电子设备内构建腔体142，形成天线单元，此天线单元为腔体天线。本申请通过限制腔体142的长宽比，及约束缝隙结构30的长度与腔体142的长度一致，实现拓宽天线单元的工作带宽。“长度一致”可以理解为二者的长度相等，或者二者的长度相差较小尺寸，允许设计公差或制作公差带来的尺寸误差。所述腔体142的长度为：沿着所述缝隙结构30的延伸方向，从所述腔体142的一端至另一端的距离；所述腔体142的宽度为：在垂直于所述缝隙结构30的延伸方向上，且垂直于所述电子设备01的厚度方向上，所述腔体142的尺寸。
一种实施方式中，本申请提供的电子设备中的腔体142的长度和所述腔体142的宽度的比值大于等于3。本实施方式通过限定腔体142的长宽比，能实现腔体142和缝隙结构30构成的腔体缝隙天线在一个馈电信号的激励下，至少产生两个工作谐振(频点)，具有较好的带宽特征。一种具体的实施方式中，腔体142的长度和所述腔体142的宽度的比值范围为：大于等于3且小于等于10。只要保证缝隙结构30的长度和腔体142的长度大体相同，结合腔体142的长宽比在大于等于3且小于等于10范围内，本方案通过限制腔体的长宽比的上限，限制了腔体缝隙天线在电子设备内占有的空间，能够实现在有限的空间内实现拓宽了天线单元的工作带宽，具有较好的辐射性能。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为大于等于3且小于等于7的情况下，在所述腔体的最低谐振频率的50％带宽内，所述腔体能够产生两个或三个谐振模式。
一种具体的实施方式中，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为大于7且小于等于10的情况下，在所述腔体的最低谐振频率的50％带宽内，所述腔体能够产生四个或四个以上的谐振模式。
图9A和图9B所示为一种实施方式提供的直条状的腔体142，本实施方式提供的直条状腔体142可以应用在电子设备的显示屏的长边位置处或短边位置处。图9A为腔体142及腔体142在第一谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图，图9B为腔体142及腔体142在第二谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图。参阅图9A和图9B，腔体142的长度L为腔体142在第一方向X上延伸的尺寸，腔体142的宽度W为腔体142在第二方向Z上延伸的尺寸，腔体的高度H为腔体142在第三方向Y上延伸的高度，在具体的电子设备中，第一方向X可以为电子设备的显示屏的长边的方向或短边的方向，第二方向Z可以为从显示屏的边缘垂直朝向显示屏内部的方向，第三方向Y可以为电子设备的厚度方向，第三方向Y也可以理解为第一导电层和第二导电层之间垂直连线的方向。一种实施方式中，缝隙结构30的长度和腔体142的长度L一致。图9A和图9B所示的实施方式中，腔体142的长宽比的取值范围为：3≦L/W≦12。如图9A所示，腔体142在第一谐振频率下，沿着缝隙结构30的其中的一个边缘位置，电流方向从缝隙结构30的两端流向缝隙结构的中间，沿着缝隙结构30的另一个边缘位置，电流方向从缝隙结构30的中间位置流向缝隙结构的两端。如图9B所示，缝隙结构30的两个边缘均包括第一端P1、第一四分之一位置P2、中间位置P3、第二四分之一位置P4和第二端P5，腔体142在第二谐振频率下，沿缝隙结构30的其中一个边缘位置，电流从第一四分之一位置P2向两侧分别流向第一端P1和中间位置P3，电流从第二四分之一位置P4 向两侧分别流向中间位置P3和第二端P5；沿缝隙结构30的另一个边缘位置，电流从第一端P1流向第一四分之一位置P2，电流从中间位置P3向两侧分别流向第一四分之一位置P2和第二四分之一位置P4，电流从第二端P5流向第二四分之一位置P4。
图10A和图10B所示为一种实施方式提供的具有弯折形态的腔体142(例如L形，C形)，本实施方式提供的具有弯折形态的腔体142可以应用在电子设备的显示屏的长边和短边的交界的位置。图10A为腔体142及腔体142在第一谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图，图10B为腔体142及腔体142在第二谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图。一种实施方式中，参阅图10A和图10B，腔体142包括第一腔1421和第二腔1422，第一腔1421沿第一方向X延伸，第二腔1422沿第二方向Z延伸，第一腔1421和第二腔1422互连构成L形腔体架构。缝隙结构30包括第一段D1和第二段D2，第一段D1沿第一方向X延伸，第二段D2沿第二方向Z延伸。腔体142的长度为：第一腔1421在第一方向X上的延伸尺寸L1与第二腔1422在第二方向Z上的延伸尺寸L2的和，即L1+L2。腔体142的宽度W为第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸或第二腔1422在第一方向X上的尺寸，第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸和第二腔1422在第一方向X上的尺寸可以相等，也可以不相等，当第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸和第二腔1422在第一方向X上的尺寸不等时，腔体142的宽度W为第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸和第二腔1422在第一方向X上的尺寸中较大的一个。腔体142的高度H为第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸或第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸。一种实施方式中，第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸和第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸相同。一种实施方式中，第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸和第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸不等，此种情况下，腔体142的高度H为第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸和第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸中较大的一个。如图10A所示，缝隙结构30的两个边缘均呈L形，腔体142在第一谐振频率下，沿着缝隙结构30的其中的一个边缘位置，电流方向从缝隙结构30的两端流向缝隙结构的中间，沿着缝隙结构的另一个边缘位置，电流方向从缝隙结构的中间位置流向缝隙结构30的两端。如图10B所示，缝隙结构30的两个边缘均包括第一端P1、第一四分之一位置P2、中间位置P3、第二四分之一位置P4和第二端P5，腔体142在第二谐振频率下，沿缝隙结构30的其中一个边缘位置，电流从第一四分之一位置P2向两侧分别流向第一端P1和中间位置P3，电流从第二四分之一位置P4向两侧分别流向中间位置P3和第二端P5；沿缝隙结构30的另一个边缘位置，电流从第一端P1流向第一四分之一位置P2，电流从中间位置P3向两侧分别流向第一四分之一位置P2和第二四分之一位置P4，电流从第二端P5流向第二四分之一位置P4。
图11A和图11B所示为一种实施方式提供的腔体142，此腔体142弯折呈半包围状，例如腔体142为U形架构。本实施方式提供的腔体142可以应用在电子设备的显示屏的顶部或底部，例如，在显示屏的顶部，部分腔体对应显示屏的一个长边的邻近顶边的部分，部分腔体对应整个显示屏的短边，还有部分腔体对应显示屏的另一个长边的邻近顶边的部分。图11A为腔体142及腔体142在第一谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图，图11B为腔体142及腔体142在第二谐振模式下的一种状态的电流流向示意图。参阅图11A和图11B，腔体142包括依次连接的第一腔1421、第二腔1422和第三腔1423，第一腔1421和第三腔1423均沿第一方向X延伸且二者相对间隔设置，第二腔1422沿第二方向Z延伸且连接在第一腔1421和第三腔1423之间。腔体142的长度为第一腔1421在第一方向X上的尺寸L1、第二腔1422在第二方向Z上的尺寸L2和第三腔1423在第一方向X上的尺寸L3的和，即L1+L2+L3。 腔体142的宽度W为第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸，第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸和第三腔1423在第二方向Z上的尺寸相等时，腔体142的宽度W也可以为第三腔1423在第二方向Z上的尺寸，第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸和第三腔1423在第二方向Z上的尺寸不相等时，腔体142的宽度W为第一腔1421在第二方向Z上的尺寸和第三腔1423在第二方向Z上的尺寸中较大的一个。腔体142的高度H为第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸、或第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸、或第三腔1423在第三方向Y上的尺寸。一种实施方式中，第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸、第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸、和第三腔1423在第三方向Y上的尺寸相同。一种实施方式中，第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸、第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸和第三腔1423在第三方向Y上的尺寸不等，此种情况下，腔体142的高度H为第一腔1421在第三方向Y上的尺寸、第二腔1422在第三方向Y上的尺寸、第三腔1423在第三方向Y上的尺寸中较大的一个。如图11A所示，缝隙结构30的两个边缘均呈U形，腔体142在第一谐振频率下，沿着缝隙结构30的其中的一个边缘位置，电流方向从缝隙结构30的两端流向缝隙结构30的中间，沿着缝隙结构30的另一个边缘位置，电流方向从缝隙结构30的中间位置流向缝隙结构30的两端。如图11B所示，缝隙结构30的两个边缘的电流分布与图9B和图10B所示的电流分布方向类似，不再赘述。
图9A、图10A、图11A所示的实施方式提供的腔体142工作在第一谐振频率F1，图9B、图10B、图11B所示的实施方式的腔体142工作在第二谐振频率F2，一种实施方式中，第一谐振频率F1和第二谐振频率F2之间的关系为：1<F2/F1<1.3。一种实施方式中，通过约束腔体的长宽比在较小的范围内(例如：腔体的长宽比大于等于3且小于等于7)，使得腔体142在工作频段范围内产生两个谐振点，能实现在合适的尺寸范围内实现拓宽带宽，即在合理控制腔体142的尺寸范围的情况下，保证带宽的需求，保证天线的性能。
一种实施方式中，腔体能够产生三个谐振，即腔体工作在第一谐振频率F1、第二谐振频率F2和第三谐振频率F3，第一谐振频率F1、第二谐振频率F2和第三谐振频率F3之间的关系为：1<F2/F1<1.25<F3/F1<1.5。本方案限定了腔体缝隙天线所产生的三个谐振频率之间的关系，即限定了一种具体的天线架构，能够保请在这三个谐振频率下的辐射性能均满足需求。
一种实施方式中，对于腔体与缝隙结构构成的天线单元而言，腔体的长度的最小值是天线单元在工频频率的谐振下的1/2工作波长λ，腔体的宽度的最大值是天线单元在工作频率的谐振下的1/2工作波长λ，腔体的高度小于天线在工作频率的谐振下的1/12工作波长λ。
一种实施方式中，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为：大于等于4且小于等于6。本方案可以实现尺寸和辐射性能的平衡，在合适的尺寸范围内，提升天线单元辐射性能，一方面可以节约空间，另一方面也能保证腔体能产生两个或三个谐振模式。
一种实施方式中，在所述电子设备的厚度的方向上，所述腔体的尺寸大于等于为1mm。本方案通过限制腔体在厚度方向上的尺寸，保存腔体缝隙天线的辐射性能，在有限的空间内，腔体在厚度方向上的尺寸越大，辐射性能越好，但为了保证电子设备小型化的设计需求，将腔体尺寸限制为大于等于1mm，即可以兼顾天线的辐射性能和电子设备空间设计的需求。
一种实施方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括2.4GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于75mm且小于等于150mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于15mm且小于等于30mm。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，能够限定了一种工作在2.4GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
一种实施方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括5GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于 等于36mm且小于等于72mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于7.2mm且小于等于14.4。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，能够限定了一种工作在5GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
一种实施方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括2.4GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于75mm且小于等于100mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于15mm且小于等于25mm。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，本方案相对前述实现方式，限定一种更具体的范围，同样是为了限定了一种工作在2.4GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
一种实施方式中，所述腔体的工作频带包括5GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于36mm且小于等于48mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于7.2mm且小于等于12mm。本方案约束腔体的长度范围和宽度范围，本方案相对前述实现方式，限定一种更具体的范围，同样是为了限定了一种工作在5GHz的工作频带的腔体缝隙天线。
如图3和图5所示的一种实施方式中，电子设备01的壳体20为一体式金属后盖结构，显示屏10边缘和壳体20边缘对接构成封闭式环绕显示屏的安装缝300，安装缝300的位置可以为胶结构等，连接腔体的缝隙结构30为部分安装缝300。本方案将显示屏10和全金属后盖(壳体20)之间的安装缝300构成腔体天线缝隙的缝隙结构30，使得安装缝300的功能得到拓展，降低设计成本，无需在电子设备01的壳体20上额外设置缝隙结构，能够保证电子设备的全金属后盖的完整性，也节约了制作工艺成本，不但能保证电子设备01的用户体验感，外观完整性，还能实现腔体缝隙天线的辐射性能。
结合参阅图9A和图9B，本实施方式中，缝隙结构30的宽度W30大于等于0.7mm。本方案通过限制缝隙结构的宽度的下限，来保证腔体缝隙天线的辐射性能，对于腔体缝隙天线而言，缝隙结构的宽度越大，辐射性能越好。一种具体的实施方式中，缝隙结构30的宽度W30为1.5mm。本方案通过限定缝隙结构具体值为1.5mm，对于安装缝而言，尺寸限制在1.5mm可以保证显示屏和壳体之间组装的需求，也可以满足腔体缝隙天线具有较好的辐射性能。缝隙结构30的宽度W30指的是垂直于缝隙结构30的长度方向上的尺寸，也可以理解为壳体的边缘和显示屏的边缘之间的垂直距离。本方案通过约束缝隙结构30的宽度范围，实现在电子设备的壳体20和显示屏10正常连接的情况下，二者之间的部分安装缝具有天线单元的缝隙结构30的功能，能保证天线单元的辐射效率。
参阅图12A，一种实施方式中，电子设备01的整体长度为282mm，电子设备01的整体近宽度为188mm。本实施方式中，显示屏10的显示区边缘和壳体20的边缘之间黑边的宽度可以为4mm。参阅图12B，图12B为图12A的实施方式中的显示屏10的第二导电层101的边缘和壳体20的边缘之间的安装缝300的宽度示意图，安装缝300的宽度可以为1mm或1.5mm，例如，显示屏10短边位置的安装缝300的宽度为1.5mm，显示屏10的长边位置的安装缝300的宽度为1mm。安装缝300的位置可以填充绝缘介质，例如PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和混合物)，ER＝3，ER代表填充介质的相对介电常数，LT＝0.01，LT(Loss Tangant)指介质的损耗正切角。
参阅图13，一种实施方式中，电子设备01的总厚度为4.7mm。腔体142中，电路板50与第二导电层101之间的垂直距离为1.8mm，电路板50与第一导电层201之间的垂直距离为0.7mm。本实施方式中，导电连接件40为电池仓的一部分，或者导电连接件40连接至电池仓，电池仓为收容电池的结构，电池仓为金属框架结构，导电连接件40可以与电池仓为一体成型的架构。
参阅图14A，一种实施方式中，腔体142的长度为128mm，腔体142的宽度为21mm。图14B为导电连接件40的两端分别电连接至第一导电层201和第二导电层101的实施方式。图14C为导电连接件40的两端分别电连接至第二导电层101和电路板50的实施方式。图14D为导电连接件40的两端分别电连接至第一导电层201和电路板50的实施方式。
当导电连接件40的两端分别电连接至第一导电层201和第二导电层101时，腔体142的高度达到最大值，本实施方式应用于WiFi天线，腔体的电磁波信号辐射性满足需求。
图15A所示为图14B、图14C和图14D所示的实施方式的S11参数分布图的对比示意图。图15B所示为图14B、图14C和图14D所示的实施方式的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。
参阅图15A和图15B所示的曲线图可以看出图14B所示的实施方式，即导电连接件连接在第一导电层和第二导电层之间，具有较好的辐射效率，WiFi天线性能满足需求。
图16A、图16B和图16C提供了三种具体实施方式的馈电方案，图16A所示的实施方式中，导电连接件40的两端分别电连接第一导电层201和第二导电层101，馈电单元60朝向壳体20的中框11(即电子设备的侧框)馈电。馈电单元60和中框11之间相当于串连电容，电容值为1.5pF。图16B所示的实施方式中，导电连接件40的两端分别电连接第一导电层201和第二导电层101，馈电单元60朝向第二导电层101馈电，馈电单元60和显示屏10的第二导电层101之间相当于串连电容，电容值为1.5pF。图16C所示的实施方式中，导电连接件40的两端分别电连接电路板50和第二导电层101，馈电单元60朝向第二导电层101馈电，馈电单元60和显示屏10的第二导电层101之间相当于串连电容，电容值为1.5pF。
图17A所示为图16A、图16B和图16C所示的实施方式的S11参数分布图的对比示意图。图17B所示为图16A、图16B和图16C所示的实施方式的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。
参阅图17A和图17B所示的曲线图，可以看出图16A和图16B所示的实施方式，即导电连接件连接在第一导电层和第二导电层之间，且馈电单元60朝向较远的中框或第二导电层馈电，具有较好的辐射效率，保证天线单元的带宽，WiFi天线性能满足需求。相较图16C所示的实施方式，图16B所示的实施方式所带来的效率带宽可以增加2倍，WiFi2.4GHz带内效率达-3dB。
图18A、图18B和图18C提供的三种具体实施方式中，基于导电连接件连接在第一导电层和第二导电层之间的方案的基础上，电路板的具体位置不同的设计。不同位置的电路板，通过馈电至距离较远的第一导电层或第二导电层，使得腔体的辐射效率满足需求，保证带宽。如图18A所示，一种实施方式中，电路板50与第一导电层201的距离小于电路板50与第二导电层101的距离，例如，电路板50与第一导电层201的距离为0.7mm，电路板50与第二导电层101的距离为1.8mm，馈电单元60朝向第二导电层101馈电，这样能够保证腔体的辐射效率和带宽。如图18B所示，一种实施方式中，电路板50与第一导电层201的距离大于电路板50与第二导电层101的距离，例如，电路板50与第一导电层201的距离为1.8mm，电路板50与第二导电层101的距离为0.7mm，馈电单元60朝向第一导电层201馈电，这样能够保证腔体的辐射效率和带宽。如图18C所示，电路板50位于中间位置，即电路板50和第一导电层201、第二导电层101之间的距离接近，例如，电路板50与第一导电层201的距离为1.2mm，电路板50与第二导电层101的距离为1.3mm，本实施方式中，馈电单元60朝向第二导电层101馈电，这样能够保证腔体的辐射效率和带宽。
图19A所示为图18A、图18B和图18C所示的实施方式的S11参数分布图的对比示意图。图19B所示为图18A、图18B和图18C所示的实施方式的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。参阅 图19A和图19B所示的曲线图，在腔体中，馈电单元朝向第一导电层和第二导电层中较远的一个馈电时，能够保证天线的辐射效率和带宽，馈电单元和腔体内壁的导电层(第一导电层或第二导电层)之间的距离越大，天线辐射效率和带宽越好。
参阅图20A和图20B，一种实施方式中，腔体和缝隙结构构成的天线单元能够在工作频段内产生三个谐振，三个谐振分别为：2.46GHz、2.87GHz、3.47GHz。图20A为三个谐振模式下的电流分布图，图20B为三个谐振模式下的电场分布图。
图21A为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图。图21B为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。其中：方案1提供的腔体的长度为96mm，宽度为23mm；方案2提供的腔体的长度为66mm，宽度为30mm；方案3提供的腔体的长度为56mm，宽度为69mm。参阅图21A和图21B，可以看出，随着腔体的长宽的增大，天线辐射效率和带宽能够得到提升。对于低剖面腔体天线而言，腔体的长宽比的下限在1左右，长宽比在1-2范围内时，腔体的长度的对辐射效率的影响超过腔体宽度的对辐射效率的影响，腔体的宽度增加对基模的作用较小。当长宽比超过3时(例如方案1)，基模辐射效率明显改善。
图22A为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图。图22B为三种具有不同的长宽比的腔体构成的天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。其中：方案1提供的腔体的长度为62mm，宽度为28mm；方案2提供的腔体的长度为132mm，宽度为21mm；方案3提供的腔体的长度为192mm，宽度为18mm。参阅图22A和图22B，可以看出，随着腔体的长宽的增大，天线单元的谐振模式增加，具有更多的谐振频点，天线辐射效率和带宽能够得到提升。
图23为一种实施方式提供的天线单元能够产生的五种谐振模式的电场分布图，本实施方式中，腔体的长度为192mm，宽度为18mm。五种谐振模式的频率分别为：2.48GHz、2.71GHz、2.99GHz、3.35GHz、3.75GHz。
参阅图24和图25，一种实施方式中，所述腔体142内设连接件70，所述连接件70包括导电材质且两端分别接通所述第一导电层201和所述第二导电层101，在所述腔体142的长度方向上，所述连接件70距离所述腔体142的一端小于等于0.25倍的所述腔体142的长度。图24和图25所示的一种实施方式中，连接件70的长度为20mm，连接件的长度方向和腔体的长度方向一致，连接件和壳体20的中框11之间的距离为8mm，连接件和金属连接件的最近的距离为4mm。图26A为两种具体的实施方式(分别为不设置连接件和设置连接件的方案)提供的天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图。图26B为两种具体的实施方式(分别为不设置连接件和设置连接件的方案)提供的天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。通过图26A和图26B，可以看出，本方案通过在腔体内设置连接件，能够实现保持低频性能同时，优化高频性能。连接件可以为金属柱、金属弹片等导电结构。
一种实施方式中，所述腔体的工作频率包括第一频率和第二频率，所述第二频率高于所述第一频率，所述连接件不影响所述第一频率的辐射性能，且能够优化所述第二频率的辐射性能。
参阅图26C和图26D，一种实施方式中，图24和图25所示的具有连接件70的腔体能够产生三种谐振模式，三个谐振分别为：4.52GHz、5.28GHz、5.66GHz。本实施方式提供的腔体产生的频率较高，频率越高，电场分布越明显，在电子设备的金属后盖(即壳体)的外围一圈均有明显的电场分布。图26A为三个谐振模式下的电流分布图，图26B为三个谐振模式 下的电场分布图。图26A和图26B可以看出，连接件70的位置为电流弱点，电场的强点。
一种实施方式中，本申请提供的电子设备内设置至少两个天线单元，每个天线单元均为腔体和缝隙结构所构成的，不同的天线单元中的腔体的长宽比可以不同。参阅图27，一种实施方式中，电子设备内的第一天线单元011的腔体的长宽比大于3，例如腔体的长度为128mm，腔体的宽度为21mm，电子设备内还有一个天线单元，第二天线单元012的腔体的长宽比小于2，例如，腔体的长度为54mm，腔体的宽度为36mm。参阅图28A和图28B，图28A为图27中的两个天线单元的S11参数分布图的对比示意图。图28B为图27中的两个天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。这样的两个天线单元在性能上具有较大的差距，可以覆盖不同的工作频段，例如，不同的天线单元组合可以实现覆盖WiFi2.4GHz和WiFi5GHz。
参阅图29，一种实施方式中，电子设备01内设第一天线单元011和第二天线单元012，前述腔体142和缝隙结构30构成第一天线单元011，所述第二天线单元012包括第二导电连接件40A，所述第二导电连接件40A电连接在所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层之间，所述第一导电层、所述第二导电连接件40A和所述第二导电层共同围设形成第二腔体142A，所述电子设备01设有第二缝隙结构30A，第二腔体142A和第二缝隙结构30A构成腔体缝隙天线，所述第二缝隙结构30A为所述第二腔体142A与所述电子设备01外界电磁波连通的路径，第二腔体142A和第二缝隙结构30A的具体的设计方案也可以参照前述所有的实施方式提供的腔体142和缝隙结构30的具体设计方案，不再赘述。所述第二天线单元012和所述第一天线单元011邻近设置，且二者之间设有间隔部件013，所述间隔部件013包括导电材质，所述间隔部件013用于提升所述第二天线单元012和所述第一天线单元011之间的隔离度。所述间隔部件013为电连接在所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层之间的金属柱或金属弹片等导电结构。一种实施方式中，第一天线单元011的工作频率和第二天线单元012的工作频率均包括5GHz。
参阅图30A和图30B，图30A为图29中的第一天线单元和第二天线单元的S参数示意图。图30B为图29中的第一天线单元和第二天线单元的天线辐射效率的对比示意图。
参阅图31A、图31B和图31C，图31A所示的实施方式中，壳体20为全金属后壳，第一导电层201为覆盖壳体20的大部分面积或全部面积。第二导电层101为显示屏10的屏蔽层，第二导电层101为覆盖显示屏的大部分面积或全部面积。图31B所示的实施方式中，第二导电层101相对图31A所示的实施方式缩小至腔体142的边缘位置，但是第一导电层201仍然为覆盖壳体20的大部分面积或全部面积。图31C所示的实施方式中，第二导电层101相对图31A所示的实施方式缩小至腔体142的边缘位置，第一导电层201相对图31A所示的实施方式缩小至腔体142的边缘位置。图31A、图31B和图31C所示的三种实施方式，虽然第一导电层201和第二导电层101的面积不同，但腔体142和缝隙结构30所构成的天线单元的性能保持不变。参阅图32A和图32B，图32A为图31A、图31B和图31C所示的实施方式提供的天线单元的S曲线对比图，图32B为图31A、图31B和图31C所示的实施方式提供的天线单元的辐射效率对比图。第一导电层201和第二导电层101的面积减小对低频段影响很小，电子设备的壳体的第一导电层的面积的减小对5G WiFi性能有改善。因此，一种实施方式中，电子设备的壳体可以为非金属壳体，只在腔体所对应的位置设置金属层，可以保证天线单元的5G WiFi性能。
一种实施方式中，所述导电连接件为所述电子设备内的安装架的一部分，所述安装架为电池仓、中框、摄像头安装架中的任意一个或至少两个的组合。图33为本申请一种实施方式 提供的电子设备中的导电连接件和电池仓互连的结构示意图。参阅图33，一种实施方式中，导电连接件40和电池仓90互连为一体，导电连接件40可以为金属弹片结构或金属墙、金属柱结构，电池仓90安装在电子设备中时，能够保证导电连接件40的两端抵接至第一导电层和第二导电层，构成腔体架构。本方案将导电连接与电池仓设置为一体式结构，方便组装和固定，电池仓即可以作为电池的承载体，又用于固定导电连接件，使得电池仓具有双功能，不但有利于节约空间，实现小型化设计，还有利于导电连接件的结构稳定性。
图34为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件和电路板互连的结构示意图。一种实施方式中，参阅图34，导电连接件40连接至腔体内的电路板50上。所述导电连接件40包括第一导电件41和第二导电件42，所述第一导电件41的一端固定至所述电路板50的一个表面，所述第一导电件41的另一端电连接所述第一导电层201，所述第二导电件42的一端固定至所述电路板50的另一个表面，所述第二导电件42的另一端电连接所述第二导电层101，所述第一导电件41和所述第二导电件42通过所述电路板50内的线路501电连接。具体而言，所述第一导电件41和所述第二导电件42可以为金属弹片结构或金属柱结构，电路板50内的线路501可以为电路板内的铜柱、贯孔等结构。本方案通过将导电连接件集成在电路板上，通过组装电路板即可以构建腔体，第一导电件和第二导电件可以通过贴片工艺固定在电路板上，电路板作为承载馈电单元的必要结构，本方案将导电连接件连接至电路板，不需要引入其它的固定结构来固定导电连接件，有利于节约空间，容易实现电子设备的小型化，也能保证导电连接件的结构稳定性。第一导电件和第二导电件可以为弹片结构，通过弹性抵持第一导电层和第二导电层，使得腔体具有连续的电连接功能，从而能保证腔体缝隙天线辐射性能的稳定。
图35为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备中的导电连接件包括多个连接子单元的示意图。一种实施方式中，参阅图35，至少部分所述导电连接件40包括多个连接子单元43，在所述腔体142宽度方向上的各边缘处均至少具有一个所述连接子单元43，相邻的连接子单元43之间的距离小于或等于所述腔体142的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长的二分之一。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电子设备，包括显示屏和壳体，所述壳体和所述显示屏共同围设形成所述电子设备的内部空间，其特征在于，所述壳体包括第一导电层，所述显示屏包括第二导电层，所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层在所述电子设备的厚度方向上层叠设置，所述电子设备内部设有导电连接件，所述导电连接件电连接在所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层之间，所述第一导电层、所述导电连接件和所述第二导电层共同围设形成腔体，所述腔体上设有缝隙结构，所述腔体和所述缝隙结构构成腔体缝隙天线，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围大于等于3，所述缝隙结构的长度和所述腔体的长度一致；
    所述腔体的长度为：沿着所述缝隙结构的延伸方向，从所述腔体的一端至另一端的距离；所述腔体的宽度为：在垂直于所述缝隙结构的延伸方向上，且垂直于所述电子设备厚度方向上，所述腔体的尺寸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为：大于等于3且小于等于10。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为：大于等于4且小于等于6。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，在所述电子设备的厚度的方向上，所述腔体的尺寸大于等于为1mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体的工作频带包括2.4GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于75mm且小于等于150mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于15mm且小于等于30mm；或
    所述腔体的工作频带包括5GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于36mm且小于等于72mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于7.2mm且小于等于14.4。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体的工作频带包括2.4GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于75mm且小于等于100mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于15mm且小于等于25mm；或
    所述腔体的工作频带包括5GHz，所述腔体的长度的尺寸范围为：大于等于36mm且小于等于48mm；所述腔体的宽度的尺寸范围为：大于等于7.2mm且小于等于12mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述壳体为一体式全金属后盖结构，所述壳体的边缘和所述显示屏的边缘对接构成封闭式环绕所述显示屏的安装缝，所述缝隙结构为部分所述安装缝。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备包括馈电单元，所述馈电单元位于所述腔体内，所述馈电单元包括馈电端口，所述第一导电层包括底部和侧 部，所述底部与所述第二导电层相对间隔设置，所述侧部连接在所述底部和所述显示屏的边缘之间，所述馈电端口与所述第二导电层之间的垂直距离为第一距离，所述馈电端口与所述底部之间的垂直距离为第二距离，所述馈电端口与所述侧部之间的垂直距离为第三距离；
    所述第一距离、所述第二距离和所述第三距离中最大的一个为所述第一距离，所述馈电端口馈电在所述第二导电层上；或，所述第一距离、所述第二距离和所述第三距离中最大的一个为所述第三距离，所述馈电端口馈电在所述第一导电层的所述侧部上；或，所述第一距离、所述第二距离和所述第三距离中最大的一个为所述第二距离，所述馈电端口馈电在所述第一导电层的所述底部上。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述显示屏包括顶边、底边和连接在所述顶边和所述底边之间的侧边，所述缝隙结构呈直线状且形成在所述侧边或所述顶边。
  10. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述显示屏包括相邻设置的第一边缘和第二边缘，所述缝隙结构呈弯折状且位于所述第一边缘和所述第二边缘的连接区域，部分所述缝隙结构形成在所述第一边缘，部分所述缝隙结构形成在所述第二边缘。
  11. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述显示屏包括依次连接的第一边缘、第二边缘和第三边缘，所述第一边缘和所述第三边缘相对设置，所述缝隙结构半包围状，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第一边缘，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第二边缘，部分所述缝隙结构位于所述第三边缘。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述导电连接件为所述电子设备内的安装架的一部分，所述安装架为电池仓、中框、摄像头安装架中的任意一个或至少两个的组合。
  13. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备内设电路板，所述电路板至少部分位于所述腔体内，所述电路板用于设置馈电单元，至少部分所述导电连接件连接至所述电路板，所述导电连接件包括第一导电件和第二导电件，所述第一导电件的一端固定至所述电路板的一个表面，所述第一导电件的另一端电连接所述第一导电层，所述第二导电件的一端固定至所述电路板的另一个表面，所述第二导电件的另一端电连接所述第二导电层，所述第一导电件和所述第二导电件通过所述电路板内的线路电连接。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，至少部分所述导电连接件包括多个连接子单元，在所述腔体宽度方向上的各边缘处均至少具有一个所述连接子单元，相邻的连接子单元之间的距离小于或等于所述腔体的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长的二分之一。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为大于等于3且小于等于7的情况下，在所述腔体的最低谐振频率的50％ 带宽内，所述腔体能够产生两个或三个谐振模式。
  16. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体的长度和所述腔体的宽度的比值范围为大于7且小于等于10的情况下，在所述腔体的最低谐振频率的50％带宽内，所述腔体能够产生四个或四个以上的谐振模式。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体内设连接件，所述连接件包括导电材质且两端分别接通所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层，在所述腔体的长度方向上，所述连接件距离所述腔体的一端小于等于0.25倍的所述腔体的长度。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体的工作频率包括第一频率和第二频率，所述第二频率高于所述第一频率，所述连接件不影响所述第一频率的辐射性能，且能够优化所述第二频率的辐射性能。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述腔体和所述缝隙结构构成第一天线单元，所述电子设备还包括第二天线单元，所述第二天线单元包括第二导电连接件，所述第二导电连接件电连接在所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层之间，所述第一导电层、所述第二导电连接件和所述第二导电层共同围设形成第二腔体，所述电子设备设有第二缝隙结构，所述第二腔体和所述第二缝隙结构构成腔体缝隙天线，所述第二天线单元和所述第一天线单元邻近设置，且二者之间设有间隔部件，所述间隔部件包括导电材质。
PCT/CN2023/100909 2022-06-27 2023-06-17 电子设备 WO2024001837A1 (zh)

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CN113196572A (zh) * 2019-01-22 2021-07-30 华为技术有限公司 缝隙天线和包括所述缝隙天线的电子设备
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CN113196572A (zh) * 2019-01-22 2021-07-30 华为技术有限公司 缝隙天线和包括所述缝隙天线的电子设备
CN114389006A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-22 荣耀终端有限公司 一种电子设备
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