WO2024001680A1 - 一种防水抗拔桩及施工方法 - Google Patents

一种防水抗拔桩及施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024001680A1
WO2024001680A1 PCT/CN2023/098321 CN2023098321W WO2024001680A1 WO 2024001680 A1 WO2024001680 A1 WO 2024001680A1 CN 2023098321 W CN2023098321 W CN 2023098321W WO 2024001680 A1 WO2024001680 A1 WO 2024001680A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waterproof
steel frame
steel
water
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/098321
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
白晓宇
吴泽坤
王雪岭
闫楠
韩健勇
张同波
孙淦
于风波
闫君
张明义
张昌太
陈吉光
张启军
李翠翠
吕承禄
Original Assignee
青岛理工大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 青岛理工大学 filed Critical 青岛理工大学
Publication of WO2024001680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024001680A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/10—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure
    • E02D31/12—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure against upward hydraulic pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/06—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against corrosion by soil or water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/44—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation construction, and in particular to a waterproof and pull-out resistant pile and a construction method.
  • Constructing anti-pull piles is one of the commonly used anti-floating technologies. Compared with ordinary anti-pull piles, micro anti-pull piles have stronger terrain adaptability and more flexible layout; when constructing micro anti-pull piles in the stratum, their tensile force and mortar are used Anchors (or fine sand concrete) are used to reinforce the stratum so that the stratum and the foundation plate form an integral structure, so that the frictional resistance of the micro-uplift piles is greater than the buoyancy of the groundwater and achieve anti-floating effect; at the same time, the uplift-resistant piles are set as bottom-enlarging piles. , using the lateral friction between piles and soil to exert the hole expansion resistance of the bottom expansion part.
  • Chinese patent discloses an anti-floating pile structure combined with glass fiber bars and steel bars, but the contact surface between the inner anchor and the outer anchor is not After waterproofing treatment, the anchoring steel bars will rust under the action of corrosive groundwater in the later period, and the durability cannot be guaranteed, affecting the normal use of underground structures;
  • Chinese patent discloses a large-diameter precision-rolled rebar resistant to For floating anchor rods, the spiral stirrup ring at the top and the outer anchoring section have not been waterproofed, and the inner anchoring section has not been centered, which can easily cause the anti-floating anchor rod to tilt.
  • the special anchor plate can easily cause stress concentration problems at the bends. , the design bearing capacity cannot be guaranteed; for the anti-floating piles in the existing technology, their overall waterproof performance is poor, which leads to poor corrosion resistance of the uplift-resistant piles, which affects the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of the uplift-resistant piles, making it difficult to Meet anti-floating requirements.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a waterproof and anti-pull-out pile and a construction method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.
  • the concave structure of the water-stop plate is used to protect the water from the waterproof layer. It guides the seepage water from below, blocks the seepage water from rising up to the bent steel bar, and guides the seepage water to flow away from the steel frame, reducing the water content at the contact position of the steel frame, improving the waterproof performance and thereby improving the corrosion resistance.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • the invention provides a waterproof and anti-pulling pile, which includes a steel frame.
  • the top of the steel frame is provided with a plurality of bent steel bars with ends far away from the axis of the steel frame.
  • the outer cover of the steel frame below the bent steel bars is provided with a waterproof layer.
  • the waterproof layer and the bent steel bars There is a water stop plate set outside the steel frame.
  • the water stop plate is provided with a concave surface facing the waterproof layer to guide water seepage away from the bent steel bars and steel frame.
  • Above the waterproof layer there is a wrapped water stop plate and a bent water stop plate. Reinforced foundation slab.
  • a plurality of water-stop plates are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the steel frame. In the direction away from the waterproof layer along the axis of the steel frame, the concave area of the water-stop plates increases in sequence.
  • the steel frame is provided with a waterproof casing.
  • the waterproof casing is located between the water stop plate and the waterproof layer.
  • An elastic layer for waterproofing is arranged around the waterproof casing.
  • the elastic layer is radially away from the axis along the steel frame. The height of the layer gradually decreases, and a guide channel is formed between the elastic layer and the concave surface of the waterstop.
  • the maximum projected area of the water-stop plate on the waterproof layer is smaller than the projected area of the elastic layer on the waterproof layer.
  • a protective layer is provided on the top surface of the waterproof layer, a cushion layer is provided on the bottom surface, and a cushion plate is provided on the outer shell of the steel frame to fit the protective layer.
  • the bent steel bars are located on one side of the waterproof layer, and the corresponding steel frame on the other side of the waterproof layer is provided with a positioning frame and a centering bracket.
  • the centering bracket includes a hoop, a screw rod and an arc plate.
  • the hoop Connected to the steel frame, the screw rod is arranged radially along the steel frame.
  • One end of the screw rod is matched with the hoop, and the other end is connected to the arc plate.
  • the convex surface of the arc plate faces the side away from the steel frame.
  • a plurality of centering brackets are provided around the steel frame, and the plurality of brackets are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction relative to the steel frame.
  • bent steel bars are connected to an anchor plate.
  • the plane of the anchor plate is perpendicular to the axis of the connected bent steel bars.
  • the anchor plate is embedded in the foundation floor, and the bottom end of the steel frame is connected to an anchor plate.
  • the present invention also provides a construction method of waterproof and anti-pull-out piles, including:
  • the bottom end of the steel frame is lowered into the drilled hole to keep the distance between the water stop plate and the drilled hole opening, and grouting is performed for curing;
  • a waterproof layer is laid on the ground around the steel frame, and concrete is poured above the waterproof layer to wrap the steel bars.
  • the skeleton, waterstops and bent steel bars form the basic base plate.
  • the anchor plate is located in the foundation floor, a waterproof casing is arranged at the drilled opening, and the outer circumferential surface of the waterproof casing is in contact with the waterproof layer.
  • the steel frame and bent steel bars are made of hot-rolled ribbed steel bars, which have high tensile strength.
  • the top extension of the steel frame is bent to form bent steel bars to change the direction of the steel bars.
  • the water-stop plates are used to connect the steel frame.
  • the water-stop plates are buried in the foundation floor.
  • the waterproof casing and the elastic layer made of high-elastic materials for waterproofing can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the micro anti-pull piles and improve
  • the arrangement of the water-stop plate with a special structure also has the effect of increasing the contact area with the concrete of the foundation floor and improving its pull-out bearing capacity.
  • the positioning frame installed in the pile hole can make the multiple steel bars that make up the steel frame form a whole and coordinate the force, thereby increasing the contact area between the steel frame and mortar (or fine stone concrete), and enhancing the adhesion between the steel frame and mortar.
  • the joint force can improve the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of the micro-pull-out piles.
  • the increase in the contact area between the steel frame and the mortar can also reduce the cracking of the micro-pull-out piles and enhance the integrity and stress-bearing performance of the micro-pull-out piles.
  • the centering bracket can keep the steel frame upright during the construction process, ensuring that the verticality of the steel frame of the micro-uplift pile meets the requirements after pouring mortar (or fine stone concrete), and at the same time ensuring that the steel frame of the micro-uplift pile has A protective layer of sufficient thickness can effectively inhibit the erosion of steel bars by groundwater and ensure that the long-term pull-out bearing capacity of micro-pull-out piles meets the design requirements.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waterproof and uplift-resistant pile in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the steel frame in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic top view of the backing plate in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic side view of the backing plate in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic top view of the waterproof casing in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning frame in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the centering bracket in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the anchoring plate in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic top view of the anchoring plate in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic top view of the water stop plate in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic front view of the water stop plate in Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
  • 1 is the drill hole
  • 2 is the waterproof layer
  • 3 is the cushion
  • 4 is the foundation plate
  • 5 is the main bar
  • 6 is the bent steel bar
  • 7 is the waterproof casing
  • 8 is the backing plate
  • 9 is the positioning frame
  • 10 It is the first water stop plate
  • 11 is the second water stop plate
  • 12 is the anchor plate
  • 13 is the first anchor plate
  • 14 is the second anchor plate
  • 15 is the protective layer
  • 16 is the centering bracket
  • 17 is the elastic layer
  • 18 is the steel frame
  • 16-1 is the arc-shaped steel sheet
  • 16-2 is the inner wire steel sleeve
  • 16-3 is the ring steel pipe
  • 16-4 is the bolt
  • 16-5 is the nut
  • 16-6 is the wire.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a waterproof and pull-out resistant pile and a construction method to solve the problems existing in the existing technology.
  • a waterproof and uplift-resistant pile is provided.
  • the waterproof and uplift-resistant piles are arranged at the location of the stratum that needs to be anti-floating.
  • the joint action of the waterproof layer 2, the elastic layer 17, the waterproof casing 7 and the water stop plate is used to achieve water isolation and water diversion above the stratum.
  • the waterstop adopts a concave structure to guide the seepage water, so that the seepage water flows along the diagonally lower path, thereby staying away from the steel frame and bent steel bars 6, reducing the water content in corrosion-prone locations and improving the waterproof performance.
  • the steel frame is a steel cage structure formed by three steel bars reinforced by positioning frames 9.
  • the steel bars extending from the top of the steel cage in the anti-pull piles are Bending is carried out, and an anchor plate is provided outside the bending to increase the anchoring force between the pull-out piles and the poured foundation plate 4.
  • the steel bars are cooperatively stressed through the positioning frame 9, thereby improving the pull-out bearing capacity.
  • the steel frame may include other numbers of steel bars, such as four, five, etc., and be configured with corresponding positioning frames 9 for fixation to form the required steel cage structure.
  • the waterproof uplift-resistant pile mainly includes a steel frame.
  • the top of the steel frame is provided with a plurality of bent steel bars 6 with ends far away from the axis of the steel frame.
  • the bent steel bars 6 are part of the steel frame, extending from the top of the steel frame to Outside the main structure of the steel frame, the bent steel bars 6 are arranged at an angle with the axis of the steel frame.
  • the axis of the bent steel bar 6 forms an obtuse angle with the axis of the steel frame, and one end of the bent steel bar 6 connected to the steel frame is closer to the steel frame than the other end of the bent steel bar 6, forming an outwardly extending structure to facilitate Subsequent placement of anchor plates.
  • a waterproof layer 2 is provided on the outer cover of the steel frame below the bent steel bar 6.
  • a water stop plate is set outside the steel frame between the waterproof layer 2 and the bent steel bar 6.
  • the waterproof layer 2 can prevent water in the ground from leaking to the top of the ground.
  • the waterproof layer 2 forms an opening at the position of the steel frame.
  • the waterproof layer 2 cannot directly cover the opening position, and the ground water easily leaks from this opening position to the top of the ground, and this opening position
  • the water stop plate is arranged to block the further upward extension of water seepage.
  • the water-stop plate is provided with a concave surface facing the waterproof layer 2 to guide water seepage away from the bent steel bars 6 and the steel frame; above the waterproof layer 2, a basic bottom plate is provided that wraps the water-stop plate and the bent steel bars 6 4.
  • the down-the-hole drilling rig is suitable for construction in any rock and soil layer, including hard rock strata. According to the requirements of the design bearing capacity, the bottom of the hole is expanded. The hole forms an enlarged head, and the expanded anti-pull pile bore 11 can provide sufficient anchoring space for the end of the steel frame and the locking anchor plate 12 connected to the end of the steel frame, thereby increasing the overall anti-pull bearing capacity of the anti-pull pile.
  • the hole diameter of the anti-uplift pile borehole 1 is not less than 200mm, and the radius of the hollow sphere formed by the bottom expansion hole is not less than 400mm.
  • the specific dimensions are comprehensively determined based on actual pull-out requirements and construction equipment construction parameters.
  • Micro anti-pull piles are different from ordinary anti-pull piles.
  • the diameter range of micro anti-pull piles is 100mm-400mm.
  • the steel frame jacket is provided with a waterproof casing 7.
  • the waterproof casing 7 is located between the water stop plate and the waterproof layer 2.
  • An elastic layer 17 for waterproofing is arranged around the waterproof casing 7.
  • the elastic layer 17 is arranged along the radial direction of the steel frame away from the axis. The height of the layer 17 gradually decreases, and a guide channel is formed between the elastic layer 17 and the concave surface of the water stop plate.
  • the waterproof layer 2 and waterproof casing 7 are made of asphalt composite flexible waterproof membrane.
  • the waterproof casing 7 needs to completely cover the steel frame from the ground upward and be laid horizontally along the ground for a certain amount of time.
  • the area paved on the ground is not less than the projected area of the water stop board on the waterproof layer 2.
  • the foundation bottom plate 4 is all cast-in-situ reinforced concrete bottom plate. In order to ensure the bonding strength between the foundation bottom plate 4 and the bent steel bars 6, the thickness of the foundation bottom plate 4 should not be less than 400mm.
  • the main reinforcements 5 adopt a double-layer and two-way arrangement method as required by the specification.
  • the diameter of the main reinforcements 5 of the floor is greater than or equal to 16mm.
  • the distance between adjacent main reinforcements 5 is less than or equal to 200mm. They are arranged throughout the length. For specific construction requirements, please refer to the current There are construction codes.
  • the concave area of the water-stop plates increases sequentially.
  • two water-stopping plates are arranged, namely a first water-stopping plate 10 and a second water-stopping plate 11.
  • the second water-stopping plate 11 is located above the first water-stopping plate 10.
  • One water-stop plate 10 and a second water-stop plate 11 are arranged close to the bent steel bars 6 .
  • the bent steel bar 6 is connected to an anchor plate.
  • the plane of the anchor plate is perpendicular to the axis of the connected bent steel bar 6.
  • the anchor plate is buried in the foundation bottom plate 4, and the bottom end of the steel frame is connected to An anchor plate 12 is connected.
  • two anchor plates are arranged on each bent steel bar 6. The two anchor plates are spaced apart and have different areas. They are the first anchor plate 13 and the second anchor plate 14 respectively.
  • the bent steel bars 6 are hot-rolled ribbed steel bars, which can increase the holding force between steel bars and concrete.
  • the specific model and length are configured according to the pull-out requirements.
  • the distance between the bending point of the bent steel bar 6 connecting the main body of the steel frame and the second water stop plate 11 is 10cm.
  • the axial length of the bent steel bar 6 can be selected as 40cm, and the bending angle of the bent steel bar 6 can be configured according to needs.
  • the steel frame in this embodiment is integrated with the first water-stop plate 10, the second water-stop plate 11, the first anchor plate 13, the second anchor plate 14, the positioning frame 9, and the anchor plate 12 through welding.
  • a protective layer 15 is provided on the top surface of the waterproof layer 2
  • a cushion layer 3 is provided on the bottom surface
  • the steel frame jacket is provided with a cushion plate 8 that fits the protective layer 15.
  • the backing plate 8 is a square steel plate, and its area needs to be larger than the uplift pile borehole 1.
  • the distance from the first water stop plate 10 is determined according to the designed pile penetration depth.
  • the required hole diameter for the grouting pipe is 32mm.
  • the backing plate 8 In order to ensure the bearing capacity requirements of the backing plate 8, its thickness is configured to be greater than or equal to 20mm according to the demand.
  • the backing plate 8 can be welded to the steel frame to form a whole. After the anti-pull pile drilling 1 is formed, when the steel frame is lowered, the steel cage can be prevented from being Touch the bottom to provide sufficient bonding space between the bottom end of the steel frame and the mortar
  • the positioning frame 9 is welded by thin steel bars. It is in the shape of a triangular prism as a whole, with three rectangular sides and triangular upper and lower ends. It can wrap the steel frame. Its size is the same as that of the steel frame. The side areas are the same.
  • the positioning frames 9 are connected to the steel frame through welding, and three are evenly arranged along the vertical direction of the steel frame, so that the three steel frame can form an overall structure and improve the bearing capacity of the anti-pull pile.
  • the first water-stopping plate 10 is composed of a square steel plate and two rectangular steel plates.
  • the upper part of the first water-stopping plate 10 is a square steel plate with a side length of 30cm and a thickness of 5mm.
  • the two sides are rectangular steel plates with a side length of 30cm*10cm*5mm.
  • the rectangular steel plate It is fixed on both sides of the square steel plate by welding.
  • the angle between the rectangular steel plate and the square steel plate is 150°, thereby forming a concave structure, and a concave surface is formed below the first water stop plate 10 .
  • the first water stop plate 10 is welded 20cm below the bending point of the steel frame.
  • this waterstop adds rectangular steel plates on both sides of the square waterstop. On the one hand, it can provide preliminary waterproofing and reduce the corrosion of the steel bars. On the other hand, it can also increase the strength of the steel frame and The contact area of the base plate 4 plays a role in improving the overall pull-out bearing capacity of the pile.
  • the concave structure of the water stop plate is used to guide the water seepage from under the waterproof layer 2, block the seepage water from rising up to the bent steel bar 6, and guide the seepage water to flow away from the steel frame, reducing the steel frame.
  • the moisture content at the contact location improves the waterproof performance and thereby improves the corrosion resistance.
  • the second water-stop plate 11 has the same shape as the first water-stop plate 10.
  • the upper part is a square steel plate with a side length of 40cm and a thickness of 5mm. Both sides are rectangular steel plates of 40cm*10cm*5mm.
  • the rectangular steel plate is fixed to the square by welding. On both sides of the steel plate, the angle between the rectangular steel plate and the square steel plate is 150°; the second water stop plate 11 is welded 10cm below the bending point of the steel frame, which can further reduce the corrosion of the bent steel bars 6 and increase the pull-out bearing capacity effect.
  • the upper part of the anchoring plate 1212 is a regular hexagonal prism with a height of 40mm and a side length of 40mm, and the lower part is a cylinder with a radius of 80mm.
  • a hole is reserved in the center to be firmly locked with the steel frame.
  • Locking anchor plates 12 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the steel frame. The bottom end of each steel bar that constitutes the steel frame is connected to a locking anchor plate 12, which can expand the contact area between the steel frame and the pile bottom expansion mortar, and improve the load-bearing capacity. The effect of force.
  • the first anchor plate 13 is a square steel plate with a side length of 20cm and a thickness of 5mm. It can be fixed 10cm above the bend of the steel frame through welding, which can increase the contact area between the steel frame and the foundation floor 4 and enhance the resistance. Pull-out bearing capacity of pull-out piles.
  • the second anchor plate 1414 is a square steel plate with a side length of 30cm and a thickness of 5mm. It is welded 20cm above the bending point of the steel frame.
  • the design of the double anchor plate can further increase the contact area between the anchor plate and the foundation plate 4 and maximize the structural improvement.
  • the pull-out bearing capacity is a square steel plate with a side length of 30cm and a thickness of 5mm. It is welded 20cm above the bending point of the steel frame.
  • the design of the double anchor plate can further increase the contact area between the anchor plate and the foundation plate 4 and maximize the structural improvement.
  • the pull-out bearing capacity is a square steel plate with a side length of 30cm and a thickness of 5mm. It is welded 20cm above the bending point of the steel frame.
  • the centering bracket 16 includes a hoop, a screw rod and an arc plate.
  • the hoop is connected to the steel frame.
  • the screw rod is arranged radially along the steel frame. One end of the screw rod matches the hoop and the other end is connected to the arc plate. , the convex surface of the arc plate faces the side away from the steel frame.
  • the centering bracket 16 in this embodiment has a special structure.
  • the arc plate uses an arc steel sheet 16-1
  • the screw rod uses a wire rod 16-6
  • the hoop is made of an inner wire steel sleeve 16-2 and a circular steel pipe. 16-3, bolts 16-4, and nuts 16-5. It consists of an arc-shaped steel sheet 16-1, an inner wire steel sleeve 16-2, an annular steel pipe 16-3, bolts 16-4, and nuts 16-5. , composed of 16-6 wire rods.
  • Ring steel pipe 16-3 thickness is 2mm
  • width The degree is 5cm
  • the diameter is determined by the steel frame.
  • the two-part circular steel pipe 16-3 is connected by bolts 16-4 and nuts 16-5 to form a ring, which can be tightly fixed on the outer surface of the steel frame;
  • the wire rod 16-6 is the diameter. 2cm, 2cm long solid iron rod with threads on the surface.
  • the diameter of the inner wire steel casing 16-2 is determined according to the diameter of the wire rod 16-6.
  • the wire rod 16-6 and the inner wire steel casing 16- 2 is connected by threaded fit, and its length is 2cm; the arc-shaped steel sheet 16-1 is welded to the outer end of the wire rod 16-6, which is used to fix the steel frame.
  • the centering bracket 16 can make the steel frame sink during the sinking process. Maintain a vertical state to ensure smooth lowering of the steel frame and prevent the problem of tilting of the steel frame after the anti-pull piles are poured.
  • the elastic layer 17 serves as a waterproof structure.
  • the elastic layer 17 is a high-performance waterproof coating made of high-grade acrylic emulsion as the base material and added with a variety of additives and fillers.
  • the painting area should be larger than the area of the second water stop plate 11, and it needs to be painted into a shape with a high inside and a low outside.
  • the inner height is not less than 5cm.
  • the elastic layer 17 can enable the anti-pull pile to maintain good waterproof performance when it is strained by the action of groundwater, and prevent groundwater seepage to avoid corrosion of steel bars.
  • the bottom end of the steel frame is lowered into the borehole 1 to keep the distance between the water stop plate and the opening of the borehole 1, and is grouted for curing;
  • a waterproof layer 2 is laid around the steel frame on the ground, and concrete is poured above the waterproof layer 2 to wrap the steel frame, waterstops and bent steel bars 6 to form a foundation floor 4.
  • the above construction method includes the following specific steps:
  • the error in setting out the hole position should not be exceeded. It should be greater than 20mm, and the mechanical positioning error should not be greater than 50mm.
  • the hole forming method of mechanical expansion is adopted, and the down-the-hole drilling rig is moved according to the on-site setting line to make the drill bit Align with the center of the hole. Ensure that the drilling rig reaches the verticality required by the design. After the drilling rig is in place, perform horizontal calibration and then drill holes1. For weathered rock formations, especially weathered rock formations, ream the bottom of the steel frame. The depth of the hole should be confirmed on site and should not be less than the design length, nor should it be greater than 500mm.
  • the steel frame is welded to the first water stop plate 10 and the second water stop plate 11.
  • the backing plate 8 is inserted from the bottom of the steel frame to a predetermined position and welded.
  • the positioning frame is 9.
  • the centering bracket 16, the first anchor plate 13, and the second anchor plate 14 are installed at the designated positions in sequence and welded.
  • the locking anchor plates 12 are installed at the bottom of the steel frame corresponding to the steel bars.
  • the grouting body of the anti-uplift pile is filled with pure cement slurry, the construction process adopts secondary grouting technology, and the grouting pressure is not less than 2.0MPa.
  • the specific cement strength, water-cement ratio and grouting pressure are determined by the actual engineering requirements.
  • a 100mm thick C20 fine stone concrete cushion layer 3 should be poured for leveling and laying of waterproof materials. Before pouring concrete, the accumulated water and debris on the surface of the foundation should be removed. The flatness and elevation of the base layer must be complied with. At the same time, the surface of the foundation should be moistened. Twelve hours after the concrete pouring of cushion 3 is completed, cover and water it immediately. Keep the concrete surface moist. It is prohibited to come in too early or step on the concrete surface. The curing time should generally not be less than 7 days and nights.
  • a waterproof casing 7 install it at the opening, and lay another layer of waterproof membrane along the ground direction. Heat-melt the joint between the waterproof layer 2 and the waterproof casing 7 to make it smooth after bonding. , must not be twisted or arched.
  • a 40mm thick waterproof protective layer 15 of C20 fine stone concrete is poured on the waterproof layer 22 to protect the waterproof layer 2 from being damaged during subsequent construction; finally, an elastic layer 17 is installed at the opening.
  • clean the surface of the waterproof protective layer 15 use a roller or a hard paint brush to apply the highly elastic waterproof material on the surface, and apply evenly across the surface in a vertical direction to achieve the best results. Cover, pay attention to avoid missing brushes, and finally make the elastic layer 17 have a shape of high inside and low outside, with the height on the inside not less than 5cm.
  • the main bars 5 of the base plate are tied. After the steel bars are tied, the formwork and the base plate concrete are poured. The concrete shall be cured within 8 to 12 hours after the pouring is completed, and the curing time shall not be less than 7 days. The specific curing time shall be determined according to actual project needs.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防水抗拔桩及施工方法，涉及桩基础施工技术领域，包括钢筋骨架，钢筋骨架顶端设有多根端部远离钢筋骨架轴线的弯折钢筋，弯折钢筋下方钢筋骨架外套设有防水层，防水层与弯折钢筋之间设有套设于钢筋骨架外的止水板，止水板上设有朝向防水层的凹面，以引导渗水远离弯折钢筋和钢筋骨架；防水层上方设置有包裹止水板、弯折钢筋的基础底板；针对目前抗拔桩防水性耐腐蚀性难以满足需求的问题，通过在钢筋骨架上布置止水板和防水层，利用止水板的凹面结构对来自防水层下的渗水进行引导，阻滞渗水上涌至弯折钢筋位置，并引导渗水向远离钢筋骨架的位置流动，减少钢筋骨架接触位置的含水量，提高防水性能从而提高耐腐蚀性能。

Description

一种防水抗拔桩及施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及桩基础施工技术领域，特别是涉及一种防水抗拔桩及施工方法。
背景技术
施作抗拔桩为常用的抗浮技术之一，相对于普通抗拔桩，微型抗拔桩具有更强的地形适应性，布置更为灵活；在地层中施工微型抗拔桩，利用其拉力以及砂浆锚固体(或细砂混凝土)来将地层加固，使地层与基础底板形成整体结构，从而达到微型抗拔桩的摩阻力大于地下水浮力，实现抗浮作用；同时将抗拔桩设置为扩底桩，利用桩土间的侧摩阻力发挥扩底部分的扩孔阻力。
目前已经公开的技术有多种抗浮桩及施工方法，中国专利(公开号CN111236218A)公开了一种玻璃纤维筋与钢筋组合型的抗浮桩结构，但其内锚固与外锚固接触面处未进行防水处理，后期锚固钢筋在侵蚀性地下水的作用下会发生锈蚀，耐久性得不到保证，影响地下结构的正常使用；中国专利(公开号CN114482142A)公开了一种大直径精轧螺纹钢抗浮锚杆，其顶部的螺旋箍筋环及外锚固段未进行防水处理，内锚固段未进行对中处理，容易造成抗浮锚杆倾斜问题，特质锚板在弯折处易造成应力集中问题，设计承载力得不到保证；对于现有技术中的抗浮桩，其整体的防水性能较差而导致抗拔桩的耐腐蚀性性能差，影响抗拔桩的极限抗拔承载力，难以满足抗浮需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防水抗拔桩及施工方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，通过在钢筋骨架上布置止水板和防水层，利用止水板的凹面结构对来自防水层下的渗水进行引导，阻滞渗水上涌至弯折钢筋位置，并引导渗水向远离钢筋骨架的位置流动，减少钢筋骨架接触位置的含水量，提高防水性能从而提高耐腐蚀性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
本发明提供一种防水抗拔桩，包括钢筋骨架，钢筋骨架顶端设有多根端部远离钢筋骨架轴线的弯折钢筋，弯折钢筋下方钢筋骨架外套设有防水层，防水层与弯折钢筋之间设有套设于钢筋骨架外的止水板，止水板上设有朝向防水层的凹面，以引导渗水远离弯折钢筋和钢筋骨架；防水层上方设置有包裹止水板、弯折钢筋的基础底板。
进一步地，所述止水板沿钢筋骨架轴向设有间隔布置的多个，沿钢筋骨架轴线远离防水层的方向上，止水板的凹面面积依次增大。
进一步地，所述钢筋骨架外套设有防水套管，防水套管位于止水板与防水层之间，围绕防水套管布置用于防水的弹性层，沿钢筋骨架径向远离轴线方向上，弹性层的高度逐渐降低，弹性层与止水板凹面之间形成引导通道。
进一步地，沿钢筋骨架轴向上，所述止水板在防水层上的最大投影面积小于弹性层在防水层上的投影面积。
进一步地，所述防水层顶面设有保护层、底面设有垫层，钢筋骨架外套设有贴合保护层的垫板。
进一步地，所述弯折钢筋位于防水层的一侧，防水层另一侧对应的钢筋骨架上设有定位架和对中支架，对中支架包括环箍、丝杆和弧形板，环箍连接于钢筋骨架，丝杆沿钢筋骨架径向布置，丝杆一端配合环箍，另一端连接弧形板，弧形板的凸面朝向远离钢筋骨架的一侧。
进一步地，围绕钢筋骨架设有多个对中支架，多个支架相对于钢筋骨架环向均匀间隔分布。
进一步地，所述弯折钢筋连接有锚板，锚板所在平面与所连接弯折钢筋轴线垂直，锚板埋设于基础底板内，钢筋骨架底端连接有锚固板。
基于上述防水抗拔桩，本发明还提供了一种防水抗拔桩的施工方法，包括：
钻孔，制作钢筋骨架和弯折钢筋，在钢筋骨架上安装止水板；
钢筋骨架底端下入钻孔内，使止水板与钻孔开口保持间距，注浆养护；
在地面围绕钢筋骨架铺贴防水层，在防水层上方浇注混凝土包裹钢筋 骨架、止水板及弯折钢筋，形成基础底板。
进一步地，锚板位于基础底板内，钻孔开口位置布置防水套管，防水套管外圆周面对接防水层。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下有益技术效果：
(1)针对目前抗拔桩防水性耐腐蚀性难以满足需求的问题，通过在钢筋骨架上布置止水板和防水层，利用止水板的凹面结构对来自防水层下的渗水进行引导，阻滞渗水上涌至弯折钢筋位置，并引导渗水向远离钢筋骨架的位置流动，减少钢筋骨架接触位置的含水量，提高防水性能从而提高耐腐蚀性能。
(2)对应抗拔桩的抗拔强度，钢筋骨架和弯折钢筋采用热轧带肋钢筋，具有较高的抗拉强度，钢筋骨架顶部延伸位置进行弯折处理形成弯折钢筋，改变钢筋走向提高抗拉性能，并在弯折钢筋顶端安装双锚板，可增加弯折钢筋与基础底板之间的受力面积。
(3)利用多个止水板连接钢筋骨架，止水板埋设于基础底板中，防水套管以及高弹性材料制作的用于防水的弹性层可有效提高微型抗拔桩的耐腐蚀能力，提高抗拔结构体系以及建(构)筑物的安全性，布置特殊结构的止水板也起到增大与基础底板混凝土的接触面积的效果，提高其抗拔承载力。
(4)在桩孔内设置的定位架可使组成钢筋骨架的多根钢筋形成整体，协同受力，增大钢筋骨架与砂浆(或细石混凝土)的接触面积，增强钢筋骨架与砂浆的粘结力，提高微型抗拔桩的极限抗拔承载力，同时钢筋骨架与砂浆接触面积的增大也可以减小微型抗拔桩的开裂，增强微型抗拔桩的整体性和受力性能。
(5)对中支架可以保持钢筋骨架在施工过程保持直立状态，确保灌注砂浆(或细石混凝土)后微型抗拔桩钢筋骨架的垂直度满足要求，同时保证了微型抗拔桩的钢筋骨架有足够厚度的保护层，有效抑制地下水对钢筋的侵蚀，保证微型抗拔桩的长期抗拔承载力满足设计要求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对 实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1或2中防水抗拔桩的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1或2中钢筋骨架的结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1或2中垫板的俯视示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1或2中垫板的侧视示意图。
图5为本发明实施例1或2中防水套管的俯视示意图。
图6为本发明实施例1或2中定位架的结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例1或2中对中支架的结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例1或2中锚固板的结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例1或2中锚固板的俯视示意图。
图10为本发明实施例1或2中止水板的俯视示意图。
图11为本发明实施例1或2中止水板的正视示意图。
图中，1为钻孔、2为防水层、3为垫层、4为基础底板、5为主筋、6为弯折钢筋、7为防水套管、8为垫板、9为定位架、10为第一止水板、11为第二止水板、12为锚固板、13为第一锚板、14为第二锚板、15为保护层、16为对中支架、17为弹性层、18为钢筋骨架、16-1为弧形钢片、16-2为内套丝钢套筒、16-3为圆环钢管、16-4为螺栓、16-5为螺母、16-6为丝棒。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种防水抗拔桩及施工方法，以解决现有技术存在的问题。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附 图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例一：
本发明的一个典型实施例中，如图1-图11所示，给出一种防水抗拔桩。
如图1所示防水抗拔桩，布置在需要抗浮的地层位置，利用防水层2、弹性层17、防水套管7和止水板的共同作用，实现对地层上方的隔水和引水，止水板采用凹面结构将渗水进行引导，使渗水沿斜下方路径流动，从而远离钢筋骨架及弯折钢筋6，减少易腐蚀位置含水量，提高防水性能。
本实施例中，如图1、图6所示，钢筋骨架为三根钢筋通过定位架9加固形成的钢筋笼结构，相较于其他抗拔桩，将抗拔桩中钢筋笼顶端延伸出的钢筋进行弯折，并在弯折外置设置锚板，提高抗拔桩与浇筑的基础底板4的锚固力，通过定位架9使钢筋协同受力，提高抗拔承载能力。
可以理解的是，在其他实施方式中，钢筋骨架可以包括其他数目的钢筋，比如四根、五根等，配置相应的定位架9进行固定，形成所需的钢筋笼结构。
如图1所示，防水抗拔桩主要包括钢筋骨架，钢筋骨架顶端设有多根端部远离钢筋骨架轴线的弯折钢筋6，弯折钢筋6为钢筋骨架的一部分，从钢筋骨架顶端延伸至钢筋骨架主体结构外，弯折钢筋6与钢筋骨架轴线呈夹角设置。
如图2所示，弯折钢筋6轴线与钢筋骨架轴线呈钝角，并且，弯折钢筋6连接钢筋骨架一端相较于弯折钢筋6另一端更靠近钢筋骨架，形成向外延伸的结构，便于后续布置锚板。
弯折钢筋6下方钢筋骨架外套设有防水层2，防水层2与弯折钢筋6之间设有套设于钢筋骨架外的止水板，防水层2能够阻挡地层内水体渗漏至地层上方，由于钢筋骨架需要穿过防水层2，因此，防水层2在钢筋骨架位置形成开孔，该开孔位置防水层2无法直接覆盖，地层渗水容易从此开孔位置渗漏至地层上方，并且此位置有钢筋骨架结构，在渗漏时会诱发腐蚀问题，通过止水板布置阻断渗水进一步向上延伸。
同时，止水板上设有朝向防水层2的凹面，以引导渗水远离弯折钢筋6和钢筋骨架；防水层2上方设置有包裹止水板、弯折钢筋6的基础底板 4。
布置防水抗拔桩时，需要先形成钻孔1，采用潜孔钻机成孔，潜孔钻机适合于任何岩土层施工，包括硬质岩石地层，根据设计承载力的要求，在孔底进行扩孔形成扩大头，扩孔处理后的抗拔桩钻孔11可提供钢筋骨架末端以及钢筋骨架末端所连接紧锁锚固板12充足的锚固空间，增加抗拔桩整体的抗拔承载力。
可以理解的是，抗拔桩钻孔1的孔径不小于200mm，底部扩孔形成的空心球体半径不小于400mm。具体尺寸根据实际的抗拔要求和施工器械施工参数综合确定。微型抗拔桩区别于普通抗拔桩，微型抗拔桩的直径范围为100mm-400mm。
钢筋骨架外套设有防水套管7，防水套管7位于止水板与防水层2之间，围绕防水套管7布置用于防水的弹性层17，沿钢筋骨架径向远离轴线方向上，弹性层17的高度逐渐降低，弹性层17与止水板凹面之间形成引导通道。
如图1、图5所示，防水层2以及防水套管7材料均采用沥青复合柔性防水卷材，防水套管7需将钢筋骨架自地面向上完全包住，并沿地面水平方向铺贴一定面积，在地面上的铺贴面积不小于止水板在防水层2上的投影面积。
基础底板4均为现浇钢筋混凝土底板，为保证基础底板4与弯折钢筋6的粘结强度，基础底板4的厚度不应小于400mm。基础底板4内部布置有主筋5，主筋5按规范要求采用双层双向布置的方法，底板主筋5直径大于或等于16mm，相邻主筋5间距小于或等于200mm，通长布置，具体施工要求参考现有施工规范。
如图1所示，止水板沿钢筋骨架轴向设有间隔布置的多个，沿钢筋骨架轴线远离防水层2的方向上，止水板的凹面面积依次增大。在本实施例中，止水板布置为两个，分别为第一止水板10和第二止水板11，第二止水板11位于第一止水板10的上方，相较于第一止水板10，第二止水板11靠近弯折钢筋6布置。
如图1、图8、图9所示，弯折钢筋6连接有锚板，锚板所在平面与所连接弯折钢筋6轴线垂直，锚板埋设于基础底板4内，钢筋骨架底端连 接有锚固板12。在本实施例中，每根弯折钢筋6上布置有两个锚板，两个锚板间隔布置，并且面积不同，分别为第一锚板13和第二锚板14。
弯折钢筋6为热轧带肋钢筋，可增加钢筋与混凝土的握裹力，具体型号及长度根据抗拔需求进行配置。弯折钢筋6连接钢筋骨架主体的弯折处距第二止水板11的距离为10cm，弯折钢筋6轴向长度可以选为40cm，根据需求配置弯折钢筋6的弯折角度。同时，本实施例中的钢筋骨架与第一止水板10、第二止水板11、第一锚板13、第二锚板14、定位架9、锚固板12通过焊接形成整体。
如图1、图3、图4所示，防水层2顶面设有保护层15、底面设有垫层3，钢筋骨架外套设有贴合保护层15的垫板8。
本实施例中，垫板8为正方形钢板，其面积需大于抗拔桩钻孔1，与第一止水板10的距离据设计桩入土深度而定。垫板8中预留有供钢筋骨架与注浆管通过的孔洞，孔洞与组成钢筋骨架的钢筋位置相对应，注浆管所需孔洞直径为32mm。
为保证垫板8的承载力要求，其厚度根据需求配置为大于等于20mm，垫板8可以与钢筋骨架焊接形成整体，在抗拔桩钻孔1形成后，下放钢筋骨架时，可防止钢筋笼触底，为钢筋骨架底端与砂浆提供充足的粘结空间
如图6所示，定位架9由细钢筋焊接而成，其整体为三棱柱型，侧面由三个矩形组成，上下两端为三角形，可包裹住钢筋骨架，其大小与钢筋骨架组成结构的侧面积相同。定位架9通过焊接与钢筋骨架连接，沿钢筋骨架竖直方向均匀布置三个，可使三根钢筋骨架形成整体结构，提高抗拔桩的承载力。
如图10、图11所示，多个止水板的结构类似，尺寸不同；本实施例中，以第一止水板10为例，其余止水板结构与此第一止水板10结构相同，但尺寸规格根据需求配置。第一止水板10由一个正方形钢板和两个矩形钢板组成，第一止水板10上部为边长30cm、厚度5mm的正方形钢板，两侧边为30cm*10cm*5mm的矩形钢板，矩形钢板通过焊接方式固定于正方形钢板两侧，矩形钢板与正方形钢板夹角为150°，从而形成凹字形结构，在第一止水板10的下方形成凹面。
如图1所示，第一止水板10焊接于钢筋骨架弯折处以下20cm处。相 较于普通正方形止水板，该止水板在正方形止水板两侧加制矩形钢板，一方面可以起到初步防水，减轻筋体腐蚀的作用，另一方面也起到增大钢筋骨架与基础底板4接触面积，提高抗拔桩的整体抗拔承载力的作用。
需要特别指出的是，利用止水板的凹面结构对来自防水层2下的渗水进行引导，阻滞渗水上涌至弯折钢筋6位置，并引导渗水向远离钢筋骨架的位置流动，减少钢筋骨架接触位置的含水量，提高防水性能从而提高耐腐蚀性能。
第二止水板11与第一止水板10形状相同，其上部为边长40cm、厚度5mm的正方形钢板，两侧边为40cm*10cm*5mm的矩形钢板，矩形钢板通过焊接方式固定于正方形钢板两侧，矩形钢板与正方形钢板夹角为150°；第二止水板11焊接于钢筋骨架弯折处以下10cm处，可以进一步起到减轻弯折钢筋6锈蚀、增大抗拔承载力的作用。
如图8、图9所示，锚固板1212上部为高40mm、边长40mm的正六边形棱柱，下部为半径80mm的圆柱，中心预留孔洞可与钢筋骨架牢牢锁住。紧锁锚固板12分别布置于钢筋骨架的底端，每根组成钢筋骨架的钢筋底端均连接有紧锁锚固板12，能起到扩大钢筋骨架与桩底扩孔砂浆的接触面积，提高承载力的作用。
如图1所示，第一锚板13为边长20cm、厚度5mm的正方形钢板，通过焊接可固定于钢筋骨架弯折处以上10cm处，可提高钢筋骨架与基础底板4的接触面积，增强抗拔桩的抗拔承载力。
第二锚板1414为边长30cm、厚度5mm的正方形钢板，焊接于钢筋骨架弯折处以上20cm处，双锚板的设计可进一步增加锚板与基础底板4的接触面积，最大程度的提高结构的抗拔承载力。
如图7所示，对中支架16包括环箍、丝杆和弧形板，环箍连接于钢筋骨架，丝杆沿钢筋骨架径向布置，丝杆一端配合环箍，另一端连接弧形板，弧形板的凸面朝向远离钢筋骨架的一侧。
本实施例中的对中支架16为特制结构，弧形板采用弧形钢片16-1，丝杆采用丝棒16-6，环箍由内套丝钢套筒16-2、圆环钢管16-3、螺栓16-4、螺母16-5组成，由弧形钢片16-1、内套丝钢套筒16-2、圆环钢管16-3、螺栓16-4、螺母16-5、丝棒16-6组成。圆环钢管16-3厚度为2mm、宽 度为5cm，直径由钢筋骨架确定，两部分圆环钢管16-3由螺栓16-4、螺母16-5对接成环，可紧紧固定在钢筋骨架的外表面；丝棒16-6为直径2cm、长度2cm的实心铁棒，且表面带有螺纹，内套丝钢套管16-2的直径根据丝棒16-6的直径确定，丝棒16-6与内套丝钢套管16-2通过螺纹配合的方式连接，其长度为2cm；弧形钢片16-1焊接于丝棒16-6的外端，用于固定钢筋骨架，通过对中支架16能够使钢筋骨架在下沉过程中保持垂直状态，保证钢筋骨架下放顺利，防止抗拔桩灌注后钢筋骨架倾斜的问题。
如图1所示，弹性层17作为防水结构，弹性层17是以高档丙烯酸乳液为基料，添加多种助剂、填充剂经加工而成的高性能防水涂料。在抗拔桩内锚固段施工完成后，对孔口周围用胶刷进行反复涂刷处理，其涂刷面积要大于第二止水板11的面积，需涂刷成内高外低的形状，内侧高度不低于5cm，弹性层17可使抗拔桩在受地下水作用发生应变时保持良好的防水性能，防止地下水渗流以免造成钢筋锈蚀。
实施例2
本发明的另一典型实施方式中，如图1-图11所示，给出一种防水抗拔桩的施工方法。
包括以下步骤：
钻孔1，制作钢筋骨架和弯折钢筋6，在钢筋骨架上安装止水板；
钢筋骨架底端下入钻孔1内，使止水板与钻孔1开口保持间距，注浆养护；
在地面围绕钢筋骨架铺贴防水层2，在防水层2上方浇注混凝土包裹钢筋骨架、止水板及弯折钢筋6，形成基础底板4。
具体的，结合图1-图11，对于上述施工方法，包括以下具体步骤：
1、桩孔定位：
采用全站仪对施工场地进行标高测量，确定钻孔1深度，同时对抗拔桩钻孔1进行放线测量，确定钻孔1位置，根据规范及设计图纸的相关要求孔位放线的误差不应大于20mm，机械定位误差不应大于50mm。
2、微型抗拔桩成孔施工：
采用机械扩孔的成孔方法，根据现场放线移动潜孔钻机，使钻机钻头 对准孔位中心。保证钻机达到设计要求的垂直度，钻机就位后进行水平校正，随后进行钻孔1。对于风化岩层，尤其中风化岩层，对钢筋骨架底部进行扩孔。成孔深度由现场进行确认，不应小于设计长度，也不宜大于设计长度500mm。
3、微型抗拔桩钢筋骨架制作：
协调抗拔桩钢筋骨架的制作时间与成孔时间，尽量做到制作完成后便成孔，减少对钢筋骨架构件的破坏。第一步先将钢筋骨架与第一止水板10、第二止水板11进行焊接，第二步将垫板8从钢筋骨架底部穿入安装到预定位置并焊接，第三步将定位架9、对中支架16、第一锚板13、第二锚板14依次安装到指定位置并进行焊接，最后将钢筋骨架对应钢筋的底部分别安装紧锁锚固板12。
4、微型抗拔桩内锚固段施工：
用钻孔1机将钢筋骨架整体吊起放入抗拔桩钻孔1中，安放时避免钢筋骨架扭曲、弯曲及部件脱落。抗拔桩注浆体为纯水泥浆注满，施工工艺采用二次注浆技术，且注浆压力不低于2.0MPa。其中具体的水泥强度、水灰比及注浆压力由实际的工程要求确定。注浆后需要满足3天以上的养护期，才可进行后续的施工，养护期内不得随意敲击钢筋骨架。
5、防水层2施工：
内锚固段施工完成后，进行防水层2的铺贴工作。在进行防水层2施工前，应先浇筑100mm厚的C20细石混凝土垫层3用以找平和铺设防水材料。浇筑混凝土前将地基表面的积水和杂物清除干净，基层的平整度及标高复合要求，同时应对地基表面进行湿润。垫层3混凝土浇筑完成12小时之后，立即进行覆盖、浇水，要保持混凝土表面湿润，禁止过早上人，踩坏混凝表面，养护时间一般不得少于7昼夜。然后制作防水套管7，将其安装在孔口位置，沿地面方向再铺贴一层防水卷材，将防水层2与防水套管7接缝处进行热熔处理，使其粘结后平整，不得扭曲、起拱。防水层2施工完毕后，在防水层22上浇筑一层40mm厚的C20细石混凝土的防水保护层15用以保护防水层2在后续施工过程中遭到破坏；最后在孔口进行弹性层17的施工，将防水保护层15表面清理干净，用滚筒或较硬的漆刷将高弹性防水材料涂刷于表面，均匀交叉成垂直方向涂刷，以达到最好 的覆盖，注意避免漏刷，最终使弹性层17呈内高外低的形态，内侧的高度不低于5cm。
6、微型抗拔桩与基础底板4锚固段施工：
进行底板主筋5的绑扎，钢筋绑扎完成之后，进行支模及底板混凝土的浇筑。浇筑完成后8～12小时内对混凝土进行养护，养护时间不得低于7天，具体养护时间根据实际工程需要确定。
本发明应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防水抗拔桩，其特征在于：包括钢筋骨架，钢筋骨架顶端设有多根端部远离钢筋骨架轴线的弯折钢筋，弯折钢筋下方钢筋骨架外套设有防水层，防水层与弯折钢筋之间设有套设于钢筋骨架外的止水板，止水板上设有朝向防水层的凹面，以引导渗水远离弯折钢筋和钢筋骨架；防水层上方设置有包裹止水板、弯折钢筋的基础底板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，所述止水板沿钢筋骨架轴向设有间隔布置的多个，沿钢筋骨架轴线远离防水层的方向上，止水板的凹面面积依次增大。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，所述钢筋骨架外套设有防水套管，防水套管位于止水板与防水层之间，围绕防水套管布置用于防水的弹性层，沿钢筋骨架径向远离轴线方向上，弹性层的高度逐渐降低，弹性层与止水板凹面之间形成引导通道。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，沿钢筋骨架轴向上，所述止水板在防水层上的最大投影面积小于弹性层在防水层上的投影面积。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，所述防水层顶面设有保护层、底面设有垫层，钢筋骨架外套设有贴合保护层的垫板。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，所述弯折钢筋位于防水层的一侧，防水层另一侧对应的钢筋骨架上设有定位架和对中支架，对中支架包括环箍、丝杆和弧形板，环箍连接于钢筋骨架，丝杆沿钢筋骨架径向布置，丝杆一端配合环箍，另一端连接弧形板，弧形板的凸面朝向远离钢筋骨架的一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，围绕钢筋骨架设 有多个对中支架，多个支架相对于钢筋骨架环向均匀间隔分布。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，所述弯折钢筋连接有锚板，锚板所在平面与所连接弯折钢筋轴线垂直，锚板埋设于基础底板内，钢筋骨架底端连接有锚固板。
  9. 一种防水抗拔桩的施工方法，应用权利要求1-8任一项所述防水抗拔桩，其特征在于，包括：钻孔，制作钢筋骨架和弯折钢筋；
    在钢筋骨架上安装止水板；
    钢筋骨架底端下入钻孔内，使止水板与钻孔开口保持间距，注浆养护；
    在地面围绕钢筋骨架铺贴防水层，在防水层上方浇注混凝土包裹钢筋骨架、止水板及弯折钢筋，形成基础底板。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的施工方法，其特征在于，弯折钢筋上连接锚板，锚板位于基础底板内，钻孔开口位置布置防水套管，防水套管外圆周面对接防水层。
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