WO2023276785A1 - 歯周病の体外診断方法、及び、Pg菌検出方法 - Google Patents
歯周病の体外診断方法、及び、Pg菌検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023276785A1 WO2023276785A1 PCT/JP2022/024727 JP2022024727W WO2023276785A1 WO 2023276785 A1 WO2023276785 A1 WO 2023276785A1 JP 2022024727 W JP2022024727 W JP 2022024727W WO 2023276785 A1 WO2023276785 A1 WO 2023276785A1
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- periodontal disease
- electrode
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/004—Enzyme electrodes mediator-assisted
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
- C12Q1/37—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving peptidase or proteinase
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an in vitro diagnostic method for periodontal disease and a method for detecting Pg bacteria.
- Periodontal disease is a general term for diseases in the periodontal tissue, which is the tissue that supports the teeth, and is considered a multifactorial disease caused by various factors. Among these many factors, one of the major ones is the infection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in periodontal pockets. Due to such bacterial infection, the periodontal tissue is destroyed, and eventually the teeth are lost.
- Treponema denticola (hereinafter also referred to as “Td bacteria”) are highly likely to be causative bacteria of periodontal disease. They are also considered to be related to diseases, and investigations are underway for in vitro diagnostic methods for detecting the activity of these bacteria in the oral cavity of subjects.
- Patent Literature 1 describes "a periodontal disease detection method characterized by using a cysteine protease produced by Lactobacillus gingipalis as a periodontal disease marker for detecting periodontal disease.”
- the periodontal disease detection method described in Patent Document 1 measures enzyme activity, and the activity varies greatly depending on the reaction temperature, and the measurement operation is complicated. There was room.
- a specimen derived from the oral cavity of a subject is brought into contact with an electrode, electrochemically measured in the presence of a sugar source amino acid and an electron mediator under an anaerobic environment, and as a result of the electrochemical measurement, current generation is detected. If so, providing information for determining that periodontal disease is progressing in the oral cavity of the subject.
- the glycogenic amino acid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.
- the electronic mediator contains at least one selected from the group consisting of flavin mononucleotide, riboflavin, and 2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone, [ 1] or the method for in vitro diagnosis of periodontal disease according to [2].
- the information for the determination is at least one selected from the group consisting of the time from the start of the electrochemical measurement to the detection of the current generation, and the maximum value of the current density of the generated current.
- the information for the determination is at least one selected from the group consisting of the time from the start of the electrochemical measurement to the detection of the current generation, and the maximum value of the current density of the generated current.
- the Pg bacterium detection method according to any one of [10] to [12], including the measurement result of species.
- the in-vitro diagnostic method of the present invention includes contacting a specimen derived from the oral cavity of a subject with an electrode, performing electrochemical measurement in the presence of a saccharogenic amino acid and an electron mediator under an anaerobic environment, and obtaining the results of the electrochemical measurement. and providing information for determining that periodontal disease is progressing in the subject's oral cavity if current generation is detected. According to this method, information for judging the progress of periodontal disease can be obtained by a simple operation of electrochemically measuring a specimen in the presence of a glycogenic amino acid and an electronic mediator.
- the glycogenic amino acid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid
- the resulting generated current tends to be larger. Since the measurement can be performed with higher sensitivity than this, more accurate information can be obtained as a result.
- the electronic mediator contains at least one selected from the group consisting of flavin mononucleotide (FMN), riboflavin (RF), and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (hereinafter also referred to as "HNQ")
- FMN flavin mononucleotide
- RF riboflavin
- HNQ 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
- the above tendency is particularly pronounced when the electronic mediator includes HNQ.
- the inventors have experimentally determined that when the electron mediator comprises HNQ, surprisingly, the time until current production is detected is also shorter. That is, it is possible to shorten the time until information is provided.
- the method of electrochemical measurement is to control the potential of an electrode and measure the current flowing through said electrode as a function of time, the current generation is more detectable, resulting in more accurate information. easy to get
- the information for determination is at least one measurement result selected from the group consisting of the time from the start of the electrochemical measurement until the current generation is detected, and the maximum value of the current density of the generated current.
- the progress of periodontal disease can be determined in chronological order by comparing the obtained information.
- the information for the determination includes comparison information between a predetermined reference value and the measurement result, for example, if the reference value set for each subject is used, the progress of periodontal disease can be evaluated. easier to judge. In addition, if a reference value determined for each attribute of the subject, such as age and gender, is used, even if it is a single measurement, the comparison target becomes clear, so the progress of periodontal disease from the obtained information Easier to judge the degree.
- the method for detecting Pg bacteria of the present invention comprises contacting a specimen with an electrode, performing electrochemical measurement in the presence of a saccharogenic amino acid and HNQ in an anaerobic environment, and detecting current generation as a result of the electrochemical measurement. If so, providing information for determining that the specimen contains Pg bacteria.
- HNQ is used as an electron mediator
- Pg bacteria can be specifically detected with a simple operation even when the sample contains contaminants and/or other bacteria. Since Pg bacteria, which are periodontopathogenic bacteria, can be detected without performing operations such as culturing, it can be easily applied to determination of dental treatment policy.
- the electrochemical measurement method is a method of controlling the potential of the electrode and measuring the current flowing through the electrode as a function of time, it is easier to detect the current generation by Pg bacteria, and as a result, it is easier to detect. Easy to get accurate information.
- the information for the determination is at least one selected from the group consisting of the time from the start of the electrochemical measurement to the detection of the current generation, and the maximum value of the current density of the generated current. Including measurement results is preferable in that quantitative evaluation is easier. For example, it is possible to compare the number of Pg bacteria between specimens.
- the information for judgment includes comparison information between a predetermined reference value and measurement results, for example, creating a reference value based on a blank sample will enable more accurate measurement.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an in-vitro diagnostic method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 4 is a chronoamperogram showing the effect of histidine on the generated current.
- 4 is a chronoamperogram showing the effect of aspartic acid on the generated current.
- 4 is a chronoamperogram showing the effect of glutamic acid on generated current.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing current production specific to Pg bacteria when aspartic acid is used as a saccharogenic amino acid. It is an experimental result of examining the influence of HNQ on current generation. It is an experimental result of examining the influence of FMN on current generation. It is the experimental result which investigated the influence on current generation of RF.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an in-vitro diagnostic method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a sample derived from the oral cavity of a subject is brought into contact with an electrode, and electrochemical measurement is performed in the presence of a glycogenic amino acid and an electron mediator under an anaerobic environment (step S11).
- the specimen is not particularly limited as long as it is derived from the oral cavity of the subject, but preferably contains saliva, plaque, blood, pus, mixtures thereof, and the like. Especially, when the specimen contains saliva, it is more non-invasive and easier to collect, which is preferable.
- the specimen may contain water, electrolytes, and the like as components other than those described above.
- the electrolyte is not particularly limited, but known electrolytes can be used. However, it is preferable that the electrolyte does not contain organic substances other than the saccharogenic amino acids described later.
- Electrochemical measurements are performed in the presence of glycogenic amino acids. Electrochemical measurement in the presence of a glycogenic amino acid typically includes a form in which the glycogenic amino acid is added to the sample. Examples of glycogenic amino acids include alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, valine, aspartic acid, arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, proline, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, among others.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid is preferable, and at least one selected from the group consisting of arginine and histidine from the viewpoint that the generated current (density) tends to be larger 1 type is more preferable.
- histidine Compared to aspartic acid and glutamic acid, histidine has higher water solubility and is preferable in that even when added to a specimen, it tends to be more uniform. If the water solubility is high, there is no need to add an acid or the like to the sample, which is preferable in that the background current in the measurement tends to be small. In addition, the present inventors have experimentally confirmed that when the glycogenic amino acid is histidine, the generated current derived from the Pg bacterium tends to increase (see Examples).
- acid e.g., hydrochloric acid
- the content of the glycogenic amino acid in the sample is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably 0.1 to 1000 mM.
- Electrochemical measurements are also performed in the presence of an electronic mediator. Periodontopathogenic bacteria generate electric current in an anaerobic environment, and some have the function of transferring the electric current to an extracellular electron acceptor (e.g., anode electrode), but electrochemical measurements are performed in the presence of an electron mediator. This is more preferable because electron transfer can be performed more smoothly. Electrochemical measurement in the presence of an electron mediator typically includes a form in which an electron mediator is added to a specimen, as in the case of the sugargenic amino acid described above.
- the electronic mediator that can be used is not particularly limited, and known electronic mediators can be used.
- the electron mediator is preferably water-soluble, and is selected from the group consisting of flavin mononucleotide, riboflavin, and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone, HNQ). When at least one is included, a larger generated current (density) can be obtained.
- the glycogenic amino acid and the electron mediator may not be added to the specimen.
- the glycogenic amino acid may be immobilized on the electrode surface.
- a method of controlling the potential of the electrode and measuring the current as a function of time is preferable.
- Such methods include, for example, the amperometry method, the cyclic voltammetry method, the linear sweep voltammetry method, and the rectangular wave voltammetry method.
- the material of the electrodes is not particularly limited, and known electrodes for electrochemical measurements can be used.
- Materials for the electrodes include, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide), noble metals (gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru ), etc.), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), and the like.
- Carbon materials such as carbon and graphite (graphene) may also be used.
- a boron-doped diamond electrode is also preferable in that it has a wide potential window.
- a general electrochemical measuring device can be used for the electrochemical measurement.
- a three-electrode electrochemical measurement device in which a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode are housed in a cell can be used.
- the temperature at which the electrochemical measurement is performed is not particularly limited, it can be performed at the same temperature as the sampling site of the sample, or the temperature can be controlled. In that case, the temperature of the specimen is preferably 10 to 40°C.
- the measurement may be performed in a general anaerobic glove box (anaerobic chamber), preferably under anoxic conditions.
- the potential of the electrode (working electrode) exceeds 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), and the potential window Control within a range less than the upper limit is preferred. Further, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a larger generated current or easily generating a current in a shorter time, it is preferable to set the potential of the electrode to 0 to +0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).
- step S12 If current generation is detected by this electrochemical measurement (step S12: Yes), the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the sample is suggested. In this case, information for determining that periodontal disease is progressing in the oral cavity of the subject is provided (step S13).
- step S12 if current generation is not detected by this electrochemical measurement (step S12: No), the diagnosis ends and no information is provided for determining that periodontal disease is progressing.
- the above information is based on the measurement results, and its form is not particularly limited, but it consists of the time from the start of electrochemical measurement to the detection of current generation, and the maximum current density of the generated current.
- Information containing at least one measurement result selected from the group (hereinafter also referred to as “specific information”) is more preferable because it is likely to be information that contributes to quantitative evaluation of the progress of periodontal disease.
- the above-mentioned specific information is a numerical value related to the content of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the specimen, and for example, by comparing it with the value of a healthy subject or comparing it with the past value of the same subject, The information is likely to be useful for judging the degree of periodontal disease occurring in the oral cavity of the subject and the chronological progression of the disease.
- Modification A modification of the in-vitro diagnostic method according to the above-described embodiment compares the obtained measurement result with a reference value when current generation is detected, and provides information including the comparison information as periodontal disease in the oral cavity of the subject. It is an in vitro diagnostic method that provides information for judging progress.
- Examples of the reference value in the extracorporeal diagnostic method include the result of measurement by the same method using a healthy subject's sample, the past test result of the same subject, and the like.
- the comparative information includes, for example, the difference between the specific information measured by the same method using a healthy subject's sample and the specific information of the sample.
- the time from the start of electrochemical measurement to the detection of current generation in the case of measuring by the same method using a healthy subject's specimen, and the same as above for the specimen obtained from the subject The difference from the time measured by the method of . If the time measured for the sample is earlier and the difference is larger, it can be used as information for determining that the sample contains more periodontopathogenic bacteria.
- the above comparison information is an example, and information other than the above may be used.
- the specimen is brought into contact with an electrode, and in the presence of a glycogenic amino acid and 2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone, Including performing electrochemical measurement in an anaerobic environment, and providing information for determining that the specimen contains Porphyromonas gingivalis when current generation is detected as a result of the electrochemical measurement. .
- the specimens in this detection method are not limited to those derived from the oral cavity of the subject, but may be specimens cultured for testing and research, environmental specimens (water and dust), and the like. If the specimen is not liquid, it can be used after extraction and purification using water or the like.
- Figure 2 is a chronoamperogram showing the effect of histidine on the generated current.
- PG-w/Histidine means that the sample contains histidine which is a glycogenic amino acid
- PG-w/Glucose means that the sample does not contain histidine and contains glucose instead. This is the result.
- current production was detected immediately after adding the Pg bacterial solution.
- current generation was detected, but at a smaller magnitude and with a longer time to current generation.
- Fig. 3 is a chronoamperogram showing the effect of aspartic acid on the generated current.
- FIG. 4 is a chronoamperogram showing the effect of glutamic acid on the generated current. In both cases, current production was detected immediately after adding the Pg bacterial solution.
- Figure 5 shows the above results. From FIG. 5, it was found that in the sample containing aspartic acid, Pg-specific current production could be detected.
- FIG. 6 shows experimental results when using HNQ, FIG. 7 using FMN, and FIG. 8 using RF.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 when any of the electron mediators was used, a larger current was rapidly obtained after addition of the bacterial solution (compare with FIG. 2).
- HNQ when HNQ was used, a larger current was obtained than when FMN and RF were used, and this tendency was particularly noticeable at concentrations exceeding 10 ⁇ M.
- saliva can be used as a specimen, and information for determining the progression of periodontal disease can be obtained in a simple manner.
- the information provided by the in-vitro diagnostic method of the present invention can be used not only for dentists to determine treatment strategies, but also for oral health management by patients themselves at home or in remote locations.
- the Pg bacterium detection method of the present invention it is possible to detect Pg bacterium-specific current generation by using a combination of saccharogenic amino acids and HNQ. This method is useful not only in formulating a dental treatment policy but also in the field of experimental research.
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Abstract
Description
[2] 上記糖源性アミノ酸がアルギニン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、及び、グルタミン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、[1]に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[3] 上記電子メディエータが、フラビンモノヌクレオチド、リボフラビン、及び、2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン(2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、[1]又は[2]に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[4] 上記電子メディエータが、2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノンである、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[5] 上記電気化学測定の方法が、上記電極の電位を制御して、上記電極を流れる電流を時間の関数として測定する方法である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[6] 上記電位が、銀-塩化銀電極に対して0Vを超えて、電位窓の上限値未満の範囲内である、[5]に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[7] 上記判断するための情報が、上記電気化学測定の開始から上記電流生成が検出されるまでの時間、及び、生成される電流の電流密度の最大値からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の測定結果を含む、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[8] 上記判断するための情報が、予め定められた基準値と、上記測定結果との比較情報を含む、[7]に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[9] 上記歯周病の原因菌が、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス(Porphyromonas gingivalis)を含む、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
[10] 検体を電極と接触させ、糖源性アミノ酸と2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン(2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone)との存在下、嫌気環境下で電気化学測定することと、上記電気化学測定の結果、電流生成が検出された場合、上記検体に、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス(Porphyromonas gingivalis)が含まれると判断するための情報を提供することと、を含むPg菌検出方法。
[11] 上記電気化学測定の方法が、上記電極の電位を制御して、上記電極を流れる電流を時間の関数として測定する方法である、[10]に記載のPg菌検出方法。
[12] 上記電位が、銀-塩化銀電極に対して0Vを超えて、電位窓の上限値未満の範囲内である、[11]に記載のPg菌検出方法。
[13] 上記判断するための情報が、上記電気化学測定の開始から上記電流生成が検出されるまでの時間、及び、生成される電流の電流密度の最大値からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の測定結果を含む、[10]~[12]のいずれかに記載のPg菌検出方法。
[14] 上記判断するための情報が、予め定められた基準値と、上記測定結果との比較情報を含む、[13]に記載のPg菌検出方法。
上記方法によれば、電子メディエータとしてHNQを用いるため、検体に夾雑物質、及び/又は、他の細菌が含まれる場合にも、簡単な操作でPg菌を特異的に検出できる。培養等の操作を行わなくても、歯周病原性細菌であるPg菌を検出できるため、歯科治療方針の決定等に容易に応用できる。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施形態に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施形態に制限されるものではない。
なお、本明細書において、「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
図1は本発明の実施形態に係る体外診断方法のフローチャートである。
まず、被験者の口腔に由来する検体を電極と接触させ、糖源性アミノ酸と電子メディエータとの存在下、嫌気環境下で電気化学測定する(ステップS11)。
電解質としては、特に制限されないが、公知の電解質を用いることができる。但し、電解質には、後述する糖源性アミノ酸以外の有機物が含まれないことが好ましい。
糖源性アミノ酸としては、例えば、アラニン、グリシン、セリン、トレオニン、システイン、トリプトファン、イソロイシン、メチオニン、バリン、アスパラギン酸、アルギニン、グルタミン酸、ヒスチジン、プロリン、チロシン、及び、フェニルアラニン等が挙られ、なかでも、生成電流(密度)がより大きくなりやすい観点では、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、及び、グルタミン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、アルギニン、及び、ヒスチジンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種がより好ましい。
また、糖源性アミノ酸がヒスチジンである場合、Pg菌に由来する生成電流がより大きくなりやすいことを本発明者らは実験的に確かめている(実施例参照)。
検体中における糖源性アミノ酸の含有量としては特に制限されないが、一般に、0.1~1000mMが好ましい。
電子メディエータの存在下で電気化学測定を行う、とは、上記糖源性アミノ酸の場合と同様に、典型的には、検体に電子メディエータを添加する形態が挙げられる。
電気化学測定を行う温度は特に制限されないが、検体の採取場所と同程度の温度で行うこともできるし、温度を制御して行ってもよい。その場合、検体の温度は、10~40℃が好ましい。
測定は、一般的な嫌気グローブボックス(嫌気チャンバー)内で、好ましくは無酸素状態で測定を行えばよい。
上記実施形態に係る体外診断方法の変形例は、電流生成が検出される場合、得られた測定結果を基準値と比較して、その比較情報を含む情報を被験者の口腔内において歯周病が進行していると判断するための情報として提供する、体外診断方法である。
比較情報とは、健常者の検体を用いて同一の方法により測定した特定情報と、検体の特定情報との差等が挙げられる。
本発明の実施形態に係るPg菌検出方法は、検体を電極と接触させ、糖源性アミノ酸と2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン(2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone)との存在下、嫌気環境下で電気化学測定することと、電気化学測定の結果、電流生成が検出された場合、検体に、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスが含まれると判断するための情報を提供することと、を含む。
(実験1:参考例)
Pg菌を用いて、糖源性アミノ酸が電流生成に与える影響を確認した。3電極電気化学セル(作用電極:ITO、対電極:白金、参照電極:Ag/AgCl)を用いて、検体をトータル5mLとして測定した。温度は37℃とした。
検体としては、イーストエクストラクトを除いたDM液体培地に、10mMのヒスチジン、又は、グルコースを添加したものに、更にPg菌液(OD600:0.1)を添加したものを用いた。測定は100%の窒素を充填したCOY嫌気チャンバー内で、クロノアンペロメトリー法により行った。
次に、ヒスチジンに代えて糖源性アミノ酸としてアスパラギン酸、及び、グルタミン酸を用いて試験を行った。なおアスパラギン酸とグルタミン酸は、いずれも水への溶解性が低いため、0.5MのHClに溶解させた。従ってDM液体培地のpHが~5.2となった。
(実験3:参考例)
Pg菌液(OD600:0.1)に代えて、Pg菌液(OD600:0.5)、Streptococcus mutans菌液(OD600:0.5)、及び、Capnocytophaga ochracea(OD600:0.5)を用いたことを除いては、実験1と同様にして、生成電流を調べた。
(実験4:実施例)
3電極電気化学セル(作用電極:ITO、対電極:白金、参照電極:Ag/AgCl)に代えて、96ウェルプレートの底面に3電極が印刷された電気化学測定プレートを用いて、電子メディエータによる電流生成への影響を調べた。
使用した電子メディエータは、HNQ、FMN、及び、RFで、それぞれ濃度を10μM、50μM、100μMとした。また、菌液としては、Pg菌液(OD600:0.5)を用い、それ以外の条件は実験1と同様にした。
なかでも、HNQを用いた場合、FMN、及び、RFを用いた場合よりもより大きな電流が得られ、特に、10μMを超える濃度ではその傾向が顕著であった。
Claims (14)
- 被験者の口腔に由来する検体を電極と接触させ、糖源性アミノ酸と電子メディエータとの存在下、嫌気環境下で電気化学測定することと、
前記電気化学測定の結果、電流生成が検出された場合、前記被験者の口腔内において歯周病が進行していると判断するための情報を提供することと、を含む、歯周病の体外診断方法。 - 前記糖源性アミノ酸がアルギニン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、及び、グルタミン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 前記電子メディエータが、フラビンモノヌクレオチド、リボフラビン、及び、2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン(2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 前記電子メディエータが、2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノンである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 前記電気化学測定の方法が、前記電極の電位を制御して、前記電極を流れる電流を時間の関数として測定する方法である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 前記電位が、銀-塩化銀電極に対して0Vを超えて、電位窓の上限値未満の範囲内である、請求項5に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 前記判断するための情報が、前記電気化学測定の開始から前記電流生成が検出されるまでの時間、及び、生成される電流の電流密度の最大値からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の測定結果を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 前記判断するための情報が、予め定められた基準値と、前記測定結果との比較情報を含む、請求項7に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 前記歯周病の原因菌が、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス(Porphyromonas gingivalis)を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の歯周病の体外診断方法。
- 検体を電極と接触させ、糖源性アミノ酸と2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン(2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone)との存在下、嫌気環境下で電気化学測定することと、
前記電気化学測定の結果、電流生成が検出された場合、前記検体に、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス(Porphyromonas gingivalis)が含まれると判断するための情報を提供することと、を含むPg菌検出方法。 - 前記電気化学測定の方法が、前記電極の電位を制御して、前記電極を流れる電流を時間の関数として測定する方法である、請求項10に記載のPg菌検出方法。
- 前記電位が、銀-塩化銀電極に対して0Vを超えて、電位窓の上限値未満の範囲内である、請求項11に記載のPg菌検出方法。
- 前記判断するための情報が、前記電気化学測定の開始から前記電流生成が検出されるまでの時間、及び、生成される電流の電流密度の最大値からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の測定結果を含む、請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載のPg菌検出方法。
- 前記判断するための情報が、予め定められた基準値と、前記測定結果との比較情報を含む、請求項13に記載のPg菌検出方法。
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