WO2023274448A1 - Drive train for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Drive train for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023274448A1
WO2023274448A1 PCT/DE2022/100445 DE2022100445W WO2023274448A1 WO 2023274448 A1 WO2023274448 A1 WO 2023274448A1 DE 2022100445 W DE2022100445 W DE 2022100445W WO 2023274448 A1 WO2023274448 A1 WO 2023274448A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
differential
electric machine
torque
drive train
combustion engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2022/100445
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Steffen Lehmann
Dierk Reitz
Thorsten Biermann
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2023274448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023274448A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive train for a motor vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine, a first and second electric machine and a differential, the differential being connected in a closed coupling state of a first coupling device to the first electric machine and the internal combustion engine in a torque-transmitting manner and on the other hand, a second coupling device is connected in a torque-transmitting manner to the second electric machine continuously or in a closed coupling state.
  • An internal combustion engine and an electric machine used for propulsion can interact in hybrid vehicles in different ways.
  • the internal combustion engine can be mechanically decoupled from the differential and thus from the wheels of the vehicle and can only drive an electric machine operated as a generator. Power provided by this electric machine can drive an electric machine used for propulsion and therefore coupled to the differential.
  • parallel operation is possible, in which both the combustion engine and the electric machine used for the drive are coupled to the differential or the driven wheels. By sharing the electric machine and the internal combustion engine for driving, a higher torque can be provided here.
  • a drive train in which it is possible to switch between these two operating modes as required, in that the internal combustion engine and one of the two electric machines used can be decoupled from the differential, is known from publication WO 2019/101264 A1.
  • the two electrical machines, the transmission stages used, a torsion damper and the internal combustion engine are arranged one behind the other.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a drive train for a motor vehicle which permits additional applications or leads to a lower installation space requirement in the axial direction of the drive machines.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a drive train of the type mentioned at the outset, the rotor of the second electrical machine having the same axis of rotation as at least one of the output shafts of the differential, the axis of rotation of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine and/or the axis of rotation of the rotor of the first electrical machine are offset perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the second electrical machine to this axis of rotation.
  • the components of the drive train can be arranged in such a way that they overlap in the axial direction, since they can be offset from one another perpendicularly to the axial direction.
  • the drive train can be implemented with small dimensions and with little technical effort despite this displacement of the components, since the axis of rotation in the second electrical machine coincides with the axis of rotation of the differential.
  • the second electrical machine and in particular these upstream and downstream components, which can be used in particular for torque transmission, can be arranged coaxially around one of the output shafts of the differential in order to achieve a low space requirement for the drive train despite the offsetting of the components.
  • the axes of rotation of the electrical machines of the internal combustion engine and the output shafts of the differential are virtual axes of rotation, ie they are not necessarily shafts that are actually present. An identical axis of rotation of two components therefore corresponds to a coaxial arrangement of these components.
  • the axes of rotation of the internal combustion engine and the first electric machine are preferably the same, which means that the complexity of the drive train and its space consumption can be further reduced.
  • the second electrical machine is in particular arranged coaxially with the two output shafts of the differential, with one of these output shafts in particular passing through an axial passage of the electrical machine.
  • the use of the second coupling device can enable the second electric machine to be decoupled from the differential, in particular also while the internal combustion engine and the first electric machine are coupled to the differential.
  • the second electric machine in operating states of the motor vehicle in which the second electric machine is not to be used, for example when the internal combustion engine is primarily used to drive the motor vehicle, it can be achieved that the second electric machine does not have to run, resulting in friction losses and/or electric losses can be reduced.
  • the differential When the first coupling device is in the closed coupling state, the differential can be connected to the first electric machine and the internal combustion engine via an intermediate shaft in a torque-transmitting manner, with the intermediate shaft running coaxially to the output shaft of the differential and/or being designed as a hollow shaft, within which the output shaft of the differential runs.
  • both output shafts of the differential are coaxial with the intermediate shaft, but only one of the output shafts runs in the intermediate shaft designed to form a hollow shaft. This leads to a particularly efficient use of installation space.
  • the intermediate shaft can be connected to the rotor of the second electrical machine in a torque-transmitting manner directly or via an intermediate transmission stage and/or the second coupling device.
  • a direct torque-transmitting connection can be implemented in particular in that the intermediate shaft carries the rotor of the second electrical machine. Torque may then be serially transferred from the first electric machine and/or the engine to the second electric machine. If the torque-transmitting connection between the intermediate shaft and the rotor of the second electrical machine is to take place via a transmission stage or coupling device, it can be advantageous if the intermediate shaft runs through an axial passage of the second electrical machine or if the intermediate shaft runs at least in the area of the second electrical machine runs within a further hollow shaft carrying the rotor of the second electrical machine.
  • the intermediate translation stage can be formed in particular by a planetary gear.
  • the rotor of the second electric machine can be coupled to the sun gear, while the intermediate shaft is coupled to the tarpaulin carrier.
  • a coupling with a fixed transmission ratio can be achieved by using a ring gear of the planetary gear that is stationary or lockable, for example by a brake or clutch.
  • the intermediate transmission stage can be formed by a planetary gear, the second coupling device being a braking device which, in its closed coupling state, brakes the ring gear of the planetary gear forming the intermediate transmission stage.
  • the second coupling device can be designed in a particularly simple and space-saving manner.
  • the or the intermediate transmission stage forming planetary gear can be arranged coaxially with the output shaft of the differential, the drive shaft from the bes runs through a central opening of the sun gear of the planetary gear. Compared to a transmission stage arranged on the side next to the output shaft, the space required for the drive train can be reduced.
  • the intermediate shaft can be coupled via an upstream transmission step to a further intermediate shaft which is arranged coaxially with the rotor of the first electrical machine.
  • the upstream transmission stage can implement the offset between the axes of rotation of the second electrical machine or the differential and the first electrical machine or the internal combustion engine.
  • This double function of the transmission stage reduces the complexity and space requirements of the drive train compared to a separate implementation of these functions.
  • This transmission step can then in particular represent a torque input of the intermediate shaft.
  • the upstream transmission stage can be formed by a chain drive or by a gear drive, in particular by a gear drive with exactly one intermediate wheel. Both implementations require little installation space in the axial direction of the drive machines and are suitable for bridging relatively large distances between the rotary axes. They are therefore particularly suitable for use in the drive train according to the invention.
  • the rotor of the second electrical machine can be connected to the differential in a torque-transmitting manner via a downstream translation stage or several, in particular two, downstream translation stages.
  • a total of three translation stages are preferably used, namely the upstream translation stage and either two downstream translation stages or one downstream translation stage in conjunction with the intermediate translation stage between the second electrical machine and the intermediate shaft.
  • the downstream translation stage or at least one of the downstream translation stages can each be formed by a planetary gear which is arranged coaxially with the output shaft of the differential, the output shaft running through a central opening in the sun gear of this planetary gear.
  • a planetary gear which is arranged coaxially with the output shaft of the differential, the output shaft running through a central opening in the sun gear of this planetary gear.
  • the internal combustion engine and the first electric machine can be coupled to one another with a transmission ratio of 1:1.
  • the first coupling device can be arranged radially and axially within the first electrical machine. Both measures contribute to further reducing the complexity and space consumption of the powertrain.
  • a motor vehicle which includes a drive train according to the invention. If only a first coupling device is used in the drive train, the internal combustion engine and the second electric machine can be operated in series when the first coupling device is in an open coupling state, i.e. the internal combustion engine can be mechanically decoupled from the differential and exclusively used as a generator to drive operated first electrical machine.
  • the current provided can be used to drive the second electrical machine as a drive motor.
  • both the second electrical machine and the internal combustion engine are mechanically coupled to the differential and can therefore jointly provide a higher torque for driving.
  • This is also referred to as a parallel drive.
  • the drive train also has a second coupling device, the operating states already explained above can be provided by closing the second coupling device.
  • Additional operating states are made possible by opening the second coupling device. If both coupling devices are open, neither the combustion engine nor the electric machines are coupled to the differential, although the combustion engine can still drive the first electric machine. This can be used, for example, to charge an energy store of the motor vehicle by operating the first electric machine as a generator when the motor vehicle is stationary or when coasting.
  • the first coupling device is closed and the second coupling device is opened, the first electric machine and the internal combustion engine are mechanically coupled to the differential and thus to the wheels of the motor vehicle, while the second electric machine is decoupled from the differential and thus the wheels.
  • the efficiency of the vehicle can be further increased, in particular for a drive of the motor vehicle that is primarily provided by the internal combustion engine.
  • the intermediate shaft has a torque input which is or can be connected to the first electric machine for torque transmission and the intermediate shaft further has a torque output which is connected to the differential for torque transmission.
  • the torque input is spaced axially from the torque output and the second electric machine is arranged axially between the torque input and the torque output. This allows a particularly compact design.
  • the rotor of the second electrical machine can be connected or connectable directly and immediately or via the second coupling device to the intermediate shaft. This makes it possible to implement different torque paths with very similar structures.
  • the internal combustion engine, the first electrical machine, the second electrical machine and the differential are coupled or can be coupled to one another in such a way that torque along a single torque path is serially transmitted in this order from the internal combustion engine to the differential.
  • the combustion engine, the first electric machine, the second electric machine and the differential are coupled or can be coupled to one another in such a way that torque is transmitted serially from the combustion engine via the first electric machine and along a first torque path then, if necessary, is transmitted via transmission stages to the differential and, parallel to this first torque path, a second torque path transmits torque from the second electric machine, if necessary via an additional or the same transmission stage to the differential.
  • one or two transmission stages can be arranged between the second electrical machine and/or between the first electrical machine and the differential, or one or two planetary gears can be provided accordingly.
  • FIG. 1 shows a detailed view of a motor vehicle which includes an exemplary embodiment of a drive train according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 further exemplary embodiments of drive trains according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 5, which includes a drive train 1 with an internal combustion engine 6, a first and second electrical machine 7, 8 and a differential 9.
  • the internal combustion engine 6 and the first electrical machine 7 can be decoupled from the differential 9 by the coupling device 13 .
  • the internal combustion engine 6 can drive the first electric machine 7 operated as a generator in order to provide electricity for the second electric machine 8 .
  • the coupling device 13 can be closed in order to additionally couple the internal combustion engine 6 and the first electrical machine 7 to the differential 9 .
  • the components are arranged in such a way that the rotor 15 of the second electric machine 8 has the same axis of rotation 16 as the output shafts 11, 12 of the differential, the axis of rotation 17 of an output shaft 18 of the Combustion engine 6 or the axis of rotation 19 of the rotor 20 of the first electric machine 7, which is identical to this in the example, are offset perpendicularly to the axis of rotation 16 of the rotor 15 of the second electric machine 8 to this.
  • the first electrical machine 7 and a torsional damper 39 which couples it to the internal combustion engine, are arranged in the same axial section of the motor vehicle 5 as the second electrical machine 8.
  • the internal combustion engine 6 is arranged in the same axial section as those explained later downstream gear ratio stages 25, 26. This allows a very short drive train to be implemented in the axial direction, which enables the use of such a drive train in motor vehicles in which axial cascading of all components is not possible, or at least would be disadvantageous, for space reasons.
  • the internal combustion engine 6 is coupled with a gear ratio of 1:1 to the first electric machine 7, the rotor 20 of which is hollow, so that the first coupling device 13 can be arranged axially and radially within the first electric machine 7 couples the rotor 20 to the intermediate shaft 32.
  • This enables a compact and mechanically simple construction of the components of the drive train 1 that are arranged coaxially with respect to the axis of rotation 17 or 19 .
  • the remaining components of the drive train 1 are arranged coaxially with respect to the output shafts 11 , 12 of the differential 9 .
  • the torque is transmitted between the axes of rotation, ie between the intermediate shaft 32 and the intermediate shaft 22, via an upstream transmission stage 31, which is designed in the example as a gear drive 34 with exactly one intermediate wheel 40.
  • This transmission stage 31 is arranged in a first axial region of the intermediate shaft 22 and represents the torque input for the intermediate shaft 22.
  • the intermediate shaft 22 is coupled directly to the rotor 15 of the second electrical machine 8 or carries this rotor 15.
  • the transmission stage 31 fulfills a dual function, namely the transmission of torque between the axis of rotation 17 or 19 and to the axis of rotation 16 on the one hand and a speed adjustment between the internal combustion engine 6 and the second electric machine 8 when the coupling device 13 is closed on the other hand.
  • a speed adjustment can be advantageous, since this example, a relatively fast rotating second electrical machine 8 can be used, which typically leads to more compact dimensions with the same power.
  • the intermediate shaft 22 passes through the electrical machine 8 and thus through the rotor 15 and the stator 21 of the electrical machine 8 and is designed as a hollow shaft through which the output shaft 11 of the differential 9 runs.
  • This enables the upstream transmission stage 31 and the differential 9 or the downstream transmission stage 25, 26 to be arranged on different sides of the second electrical machine 8, which can lead to a particularly compact design of the drive train 1.
  • the transmission stages 25, 26 are arranged in a second axial area at a distance from the first axial area and form the torque output of the intermediate shaft 22.
  • the second electric machine 8 is therefore arranged axially between the torque input and the torque output of the intermediate shaft 22, on the one hand other elements are internal combustion engine 6, first electric machine 7, second electric machine 8, transla tion stage 25, 26 and differential 9 in the direction of the torque path in series behind one another.
  • an additional transmission between the housing 10 of the differential 9 and the intermediate shaft 22 or the rotor 15 of the second electrical machine 8 is preferably used.
  • This is realized in the example by two downstream transmission stages 25, 26, each of which is designed as a planetary gear 35, 36.
  • the intermediate shaft 22 coupled to the rotor 15 acts on the sun gear 37 of the planetary gear 35 .
  • the ring gear is fixed, for example, is attached to the housing of the second electric machine 8, resulting in a fixed translation to the planet carrier, which again with the sun gear 38 of the second Planetary gear 36 is coupled.
  • the ring gear is fixed and the planet carrier is coupled to the housing 10 of the differential 9 .
  • the Clarrä of 37, 38 of the planetary gear 35, 36 each have a central opening through which the output shaft 11 of the differential 9 is guided. With the configuration shown, a required translation can be realized with a relatively small space requirement.
  • the drive train 2 shown in FIG. 2 largely corresponds to the drive train 1 shown in FIG. 1 and can accordingly be used in the motor vehicle 5 instead of it.
  • the drive trains 1 , 2 differ in two respects:
  • the torque is transmitted between the intermediate shafts 32 and 22 in FIG.
  • a choice can be made as required between the chain drive 33 used here and the gear drive 34 used in FIG.
  • the rotor 15 is not rigidly coupled to the intermediate shaft 22 in the drive train 2, but a second coupling device 14 is used to couple the rotor to the intermediate shaft 22 or to decouple it from it as required.
  • a second coupling device 14 is used to couple the rotor to the intermediate shaft 22 or to decouple it from it as required.
  • the coupling device 13 can be closed and the coupling device 14 opened, so that the second electric machine 8 does not have to be dragged along, which means that higher efficiency can be achieved.
  • the possibility of decoupling the second electrical machine 8 is implemented in the example shown by the fact that the rotor 15 is carried by a further hollow shaft 24, within which both the intermediate shaft 22 and the output shaft 11 run coaxially, with the second coupling device 14 supporting the hollow shaft 24 coupled to the intermediate shaft 22 or decoupled from it.
  • FIG. 3 shows a drive train 3 which also largely corresponds to the drive train 1 shown in FIG. 1 and could also be used in motor vehicle 5 .
  • the drive train 3 differs from the drive train 1 in that the rotor 15 is not coupled directly to the intermediate shaft 22, but rather that these components are coupled via an intermediate transmission stage 23.
  • the intermediate transmission stage 23 is designed as a planetary gear 27, with the ring gear 30 being fixed, e.g. carrying the rotor 15.
  • the sun gear 28 is designed as a ring gear, so that the output shaft 11 and the intermediate shaft 22 extend through a central opening in the sun gear 28 .
  • the drive train 4 shown in FIG. 4 largely corresponds to the drive train 3 shown in FIG. 3 and can therefore also be used in the motor vehicle 5 .
  • the drive trains 3, 4 differ on the one hand in that a chain drive 33 is used as a transmission step 31 for torque transmission between the intermediate shafts 32, 22 in FIG. 4, as already in FIG.
  • the ring gear 30 is initially rotatably mounted. This means that when the braking device 28 is not actuated, the hollow shaft 24 carrying the rotor is decoupled from the intermediate shaft 22, since the planetary carrier 29 coupled to the intermediate shaft 22 and the sun gear 28 coupled to the hollow shaft 24 rotate freely relative to one another as a result can.
  • the ring gear 30 is braked to a standstill by the braking device 28, this results in a fixed transmission ratio between the hollow shaft 24 and the intermediate shaft 22 and thus between the intermediate shaft 22 and the rotor 15 of the second electrical machine 8.
  • the braking device 28 thus acts as the second coupling device 14 , so that a particularly compact implementation of both the second coupling device 14 and the intermediate translation device 23 can be achieved in the manner shown.
  • the second electric machine 8 is arranged axially between the torque input and the torque output of the intermediate shaft 22, and on the other hand the elements are the internal combustion engine, the first electric machine 7, the transmission stage 25, 26 and the differential 9 are arranged in series in the direction of the torque path, while the second electric machine 8 is at least partially connected in parallel to this torque path and establishes a second torque path parallel to the first.

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive train for a motor vehicle (5), comprising an internal combustion engine (6), a first and a second electric machine (7, 8), and a differential (9), wherein: the differential (9) is connected, for torque transmission, to the first electric machine (7) and to the internal combustion engine (6) when a first coupling device (13) is in a closed coupling state, and is connected, for torque transmission, to the second electric machine (8) permanently or when a second coupling device (14) is in a closed coupling state; the rotor (15) of the second electric machine (8) has the same axis of rotation (16) as at least one of the output shafts (11, 12) of the differential (9); the axis of rotation (17) of an output shaft (18) of the internal combustion engine (6) and/or the axis of rotation (19) of the rotor (20) of the first electric machine (7) is offset to the axis of rotation (16) of the rotor (15) of the second electric machine (8) perpendicularly to said axis of rotation (16).

Description

Antriebsstranq für ein Kraftfahrzeug Drivetrain for a motor vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Antriebsstrang für ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend einen Ver brennungsmotor, eine erste und zweite elektrische Maschine und ein Differential, wo bei das Differential zum einen in einem geschlossenen Kopplungszustand einer ersten Kopplungseinrichtung mit der ersten elektrischen Maschine und dem Verbrennungs motor drehmomentübertragend verbunden ist und zum anderen durchgehend oder in einem geschlossenen Kopplungszustand einer zweiten Kopplungseinrichtung mit der zweiten elektrischen Maschine drehmomentübertragend verbunden ist. The invention relates to a drive train for a motor vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine, a first and second electric machine and a differential, the differential being connected in a closed coupling state of a first coupling device to the first electric machine and the internal combustion engine in a torque-transmitting manner and on the other hand, a second coupling device is connected in a torque-transmitting manner to the second electric machine continuously or in a closed coupling state.
Ein Verbrennungsmotor und eine zum Antrieb genutzte elektrische Maschine können in Hybridfahrzeugen auf unterschiedliche Weise Zusammenwirken. Bei einem seriellen Betrieb kann der Verbrennungsmotor mechanisch vom Differential und somit von den Rädern des Fahrzeugs entkoppelt sein und ausschließlich eine als Generator betrie bene elektrische Maschine antreiben. Durch diese elektrische Maschine bereitgestell ter Strom kann eine zum Antrieb genutzte und daher mit dem Differential gekoppelte elektrische Maschine antreiben. Alternativ ist ein paralleler Betrieb möglich, bei dem sowohl der Verbrennungsmotor als auch die zum Antrieb genutzte elektrische Ma schine mit dem Differential beziehungsweise den angetriebenen Rädern gekoppelt sind. Durch gemeinsame Nutzung der elektrischen Maschine und des Verbrennungs motors zum Antrieb kann hierbei ein höheres Drehmoment bereitgestellt werden. An internal combustion engine and an electric machine used for propulsion can interact in hybrid vehicles in different ways. In serial operation, the internal combustion engine can be mechanically decoupled from the differential and thus from the wheels of the vehicle and can only drive an electric machine operated as a generator. Power provided by this electric machine can drive an electric machine used for propulsion and therefore coupled to the differential. Alternatively, parallel operation is possible, in which both the combustion engine and the electric machine used for the drive are coupled to the differential or the driven wheels. By sharing the electric machine and the internal combustion engine for driving, a higher torque can be provided here.
Ein Antriebsstrang, in dem bedarfsgerecht zwischen diesen beiden Betriebsmodi ge wechselt werden kann, indem der Verbrennungsmotor und eine der beiden genutzten elektrischen Maschinen vom Differential entkoppelbar sind, ist aus der Druckschrift WO 2019/101264 A1 bekannt. Hierbei sind in Axialrichtung der genutzten elektrischen Maschinen betrachtet die beiden elektrischen Maschinen, die genutzten Überset zungsstufen, ein Torsionsdämpfer und der Verbrennungsmotor hintereinander ange ordnet. Obwohl durch die dort offenbarte Anordnung bereits ein relativ kompakter Auf bau des Antriebsstrangs erreicht wird, ist es in vielen Anwendungsfällen jedoch wünschenswert oder sogar notwendig, den Bauraumbedarf des Antriebsstrangs in Axialrichtung der elektrischen Maschine zu reduzieren. A drive train in which it is possible to switch between these two operating modes as required, in that the internal combustion engine and one of the two electric machines used can be decoupled from the differential, is known from publication WO 2019/101264 A1. Viewed in the axial direction of the electrical machines used, the two electrical machines, the transmission stages used, a torsion damper and the internal combustion engine are arranged one behind the other. Although the arrangement disclosed there already achieves a relatively compact construction of the drive train, it is in many applications desirable or even necessary to reduce the space requirements of the drive train in the axial direction of the electric machine.
Somit liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Antriebsstrang für ein Kraftfahr zeug anzugeben, der zusätzliche Anwendungsfälle zulässt beziehungsweise zu einem geringeren Bauraumverbrauch in Axialrichtung der Antriebsmaschinen führt. The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a drive train for a motor vehicle which permits additional applications or leads to a lower installation space requirement in the axial direction of the drive machines.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Antriebsstrang der eingangs genann ten Art gelöst, wobei der Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine die gleiche Dreh achse aufweist wie wenigstens eine der Abtriebswellen des Differentials, wobei die Drehachse einer Abtriebswelle des Verbrennungsmotors und/oder die Drehachse des Rotors der ersten elektrischen Maschine senkrecht zur Drehachse des Rotors der zweiten elektrischen Maschine zu dieser Drehachse versetzt sind. The object is achieved according to the invention by a drive train of the type mentioned at the outset, the rotor of the second electrical machine having the same axis of rotation as at least one of the output shafts of the differential, the axis of rotation of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine and/or the axis of rotation of the rotor of the first electrical machine are offset perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the second electrical machine to this axis of rotation.
Durch eine solche Versetzung der Drehachsen zueinander können die Komponenten des Antriebsstrangs so angeordnet werden, dass sie in axialer Richtung überlappen, da sie senkrecht zur Axialrichtung zueinander versetzt sein können. Wie später noch an einigen Beispielen verdeutlicht werden wird, kann der Antriebsstrang trotz dieser Versetzung der Komponenten kleinbauend und mit geringem technischen Aufwand implementiert werden, da die Drehachse in der zweiten elektrischen Maschine mit der Drehachse des Differentials zusammenfällt. Die zweite elektrische Maschine und ins besondere dieser vor- beziehungsweise nachgeschaltete Komponenten, die insbeson dere zur Drehmomentübersetzung dienen können, können insbesondere koaxial um eine der Abtriebswellen des Differentials angeordnet werden, um einen geringen Bau raumverbrauch des Antriebsstrangs trotz der Versetzung der Komponenten zu errei chen. By offsetting the axes of rotation in this way relative to one another, the components of the drive train can be arranged in such a way that they overlap in the axial direction, since they can be offset from one another perpendicularly to the axial direction. As will be illustrated later using a number of examples, the drive train can be implemented with small dimensions and with little technical effort despite this displacement of the components, since the axis of rotation in the second electrical machine coincides with the axis of rotation of the differential. The second electrical machine and in particular these upstream and downstream components, which can be used in particular for torque transmission, can be arranged coaxially around one of the output shafts of the differential in order to achieve a low space requirement for the drive train despite the offsetting of the components.
Bei den Drehachsen der elektrischen Maschinen des Verbrennungsmotors und der Abtriebswellen des Differentials handelt es sich um virtuelle Drehachsen, das heißt nicht notwendigerweise um tatsächlich vorhandene Wellen. Eine gleiche Drehachse zweier Komponenten entspricht daher einer koaxialen Anordnung dieser Komponen ten. Bevorzugt sind die Drehachsen des Verbrennungsmotors und der ersten elektrischen Maschine gleich, wodurch die Komplexität des Antriebsstrangs und dessen Bauraum verbrauch weiter reduziert werden kann. Die zweite elektrische Maschine ist insbeson dere koaxial zu beiden Abtriebswellen des Differentials angeordnet, wobei insbeson dere eine dieser Abtriebswellen eine axiale Durchführung der elektrischen Maschine durchsetzt. The axes of rotation of the electrical machines of the internal combustion engine and the output shafts of the differential are virtual axes of rotation, ie they are not necessarily shafts that are actually present. An identical axis of rotation of two components therefore corresponds to a coaxial arrangement of these components. The axes of rotation of the internal combustion engine and the first electric machine are preferably the same, which means that the complexity of the drive train and its space consumption can be further reduced. The second electrical machine is in particular arranged coaxially with the two output shafts of the differential, with one of these output shafts in particular passing through an axial passage of the electrical machine.
Die Nutzung der zweiten Kopplungseinrichtung kann die Abkopplung der zweiten elektrischen Maschine vom Differential ermöglichen, insbesondere auch während der Verbrennungsmotor und die erste elektrische Maschine mit dem Differential gekoppelt sind. Hierdurch kann in Betriebszuständen des Kraftfahrzeugs, in denen die zweite elektrische Maschine nicht genutzt werden soll, beispielsweise dann, wenn primär der Verbrennungsmotor zum Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs genutzt wird, erreicht werden, dass die zweite elektrische Maschine nicht mitlaufen muss, wodurch Reibungsverluste und/oder elektrische Verluste reduziert werden können. The use of the second coupling device can enable the second electric machine to be decoupled from the differential, in particular also while the internal combustion engine and the first electric machine are coupled to the differential. As a result, in operating states of the motor vehicle in which the second electric machine is not to be used, for example when the internal combustion engine is primarily used to drive the motor vehicle, it can be achieved that the second electric machine does not have to run, resulting in friction losses and/or electric losses can be reduced.
Das Differential kann in dem geschlossenen Kopplungszustand der ersten Kopplungs einrichtung über eine Zwischenwelle mit der ersten elektrischen Maschine und dem Verbrennungsmotor drehmomentübertragend verbunden sein, wobei die Zwischen welle koaxial zu der Abtriebswelle des Differentials verläuft und/oder als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist, innerhalb der die Abtriebswelle des Differentials verläuft. Insbesondere sind beide Abtriebswellen des Differentials koaxial zu der Zwischenwelle, wobei je doch nur eine der Abtriebswellen in der zur Hohlwelle ausgebildeten Zwischenwelle verläuft. Dies führt zu einer besonders effizienten Bauraumnutzung. When the first coupling device is in the closed coupling state, the differential can be connected to the first electric machine and the internal combustion engine via an intermediate shaft in a torque-transmitting manner, with the intermediate shaft running coaxially to the output shaft of the differential and/or being designed as a hollow shaft, within which the output shaft of the differential runs. In particular, both output shafts of the differential are coaxial with the intermediate shaft, but only one of the output shafts runs in the intermediate shaft designed to form a hollow shaft. This leads to a particularly efficient use of installation space.
Die Zwischenwelle kann direkt oder über eine zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungs stufe und/oder die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung mit dem Rotor der zweiten elektri schen Maschine drehmomentübertragend verbunden sein. Eine direkte drehmomen tübertragende Verbindung kann insbesondere dadurch implementiert sein, dass die Zwischenwelle den Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine trägt. Drehmoment kann dann seriell von der ersten elektrischen Maschine und/oder dem Verbrennungsmotor zur zweiten Elektrischen Maschine übertragen werden. Soll die drehmomentübertragende Verbindung zwischen der Zwischenwelle und dem Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine über eine Übersetzungsstufe beziehungs weise Kopplungseinrichtung erfolgen, kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Zwischen welle durch eine axiale Durchführung der zweiten elektrischen Maschine hindurchver läuft beziehungsweise wenn die Zwischenwelle zumindest im Bereich der zweiten elektrischen Maschine innerhalb einer den Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine tragenden weiteren Hohlwelle verläuft. Dies ermöglicht es beispielsweise, die Kopp lung der Zwischenwelle an den Verbrennungsmotor beziehungsweise die erste elektri sche Maschine an einer Seite der zweiten elektrischen Maschine durchzuführen und auf der anderen Seite der elektrischen Maschine die Zwischenwelle direkt oder vor zugsweise über wenigstens eine Übersetzungsstufe mit dem Differential zu koppeln beziehungsweise dort eine Übersetzungsstufe anzuordnen, die die Zwischenwelle an den Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine ankoppelt. Eine solche Anordnung kann dazu beitragen, eine insgesamt kompaktere Antriebseinrichtung bereitzustellen, da die um die verschiedenen Drehachsen drehenden Komponenten entlang der verschiede nen Drehachsen im Wesentlichen im gleichen Abschnitt des Fahrzeugs in Axialrich tung angeordnet sein können. Auf diese Weise kann ein erster Axial Bereich der Zwi schenwelle als Drehmomenteingang und axial davon beabstandet und mit dem Diffe rential gekoppelt, ein Drehmomentausgang definiert sein. The intermediate shaft can be connected to the rotor of the second electrical machine in a torque-transmitting manner directly or via an intermediate transmission stage and/or the second coupling device. A direct torque-transmitting connection can be implemented in particular in that the intermediate shaft carries the rotor of the second electrical machine. Torque may then be serially transferred from the first electric machine and/or the engine to the second electric machine. If the torque-transmitting connection between the intermediate shaft and the rotor of the second electrical machine is to take place via a transmission stage or coupling device, it can be advantageous if the intermediate shaft runs through an axial passage of the second electrical machine or if the intermediate shaft runs at least in the area of the second electrical machine runs within a further hollow shaft carrying the rotor of the second electrical machine. This makes it possible, for example, to couple the intermediate shaft to the combustion engine or the first electrical machine on one side of the second electrical machine and to couple the intermediate shaft to the differential directly or preferably via at least one transmission stage on the other side of the electrical machine or to arrange a translation stage there, which couples the intermediate shaft to the rotor of the second electrical machine. Such an arrangement can contribute to providing an overall more compact drive device, since the components rotating about the different axes of rotation can be arranged along the different axes of rotation in essentially the same section of the vehicle in the axial direction. In this way, a first axial region of the intermediate shaft can be defined as a torque input and axially spaced therefrom and coupled to the differential, a torque output.
Die Nutzung einer Übersetzungsstufe zwischen dem Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine und der Zwischenwelle bietet mehrere Vorteile. Zum einen wird hierdurch ermöglicht, dass eine zweite elektrische Maschine mit einer höheren Drehzahl betrie ben werden kann als die Zwischenwelle, was bei gleicher Leistung typischerweise eine Nutzung von kompakter bauenden elektrischen Maschinen ermöglicht. Zum an deren kann hierdurch potentiell die Anzahl der genutzten Übersetzungsstufen zwi schen der Zwischenwelle und dem Differential reduziert werden, da der Betriebsbe reich der Zwischenwelle nicht in einem geeigneten Drehzahlbereich der zweiten elektrischen Maschine liegen muss. Hierdurch kann, insbesondere wenn die zweite elektrische Maschine in bestimmten Betriebsmodi des Kraftfahrzeugs über die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung vom Differential abgekoppelt wird, die Menge der mitbewegten Komponenten deutlich reduziert werden, wodurch Reibungsverluste in der Antriebs einrichtung weiter abgesenkt werden können. Die zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe kann insbesondere durch ein Planeten getriebe gebildet sein. Beispielsweise kann der Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Ma schine an das Sonnenrad gekoppelt sein, während die Zwischenwelle an den Plane tenträger gekoppelt ist. Durch Nutzung eines feststehenden oder, z.B. durch eine Bremse oder Kupplung, feststellbaren Hohlrads des Planetengetriebes kann in diesem Fall eine Kopplung mit festem Übersetzungsverhältnis erreicht werden. The use of a transmission stage between the rotor of the second electrical machine and the intermediate shaft offers several advantages. On the one hand, this makes it possible for a second electric machine to be operated at a higher speed than the intermediate shaft, which typically makes it possible to use more compact electric machines with the same power. On the other hand, this can potentially reduce the number of gear ratios used between the intermediate shaft and the differential, since the operating range of the intermediate shaft does not have to be in a suitable speed range for the second electrical machine. In this way, particularly when the second electric machine is decoupled from the differential via the second coupling device in certain operating modes of the motor vehicle, the number of components that are moved along can be significantly reduced, as a result of which friction losses in the drive device can be further reduced. The intermediate translation stage can be formed in particular by a planetary gear. For example, the rotor of the second electric machine can be coupled to the sun gear, while the intermediate shaft is coupled to the tarpaulin carrier. In this case, a coupling with a fixed transmission ratio can be achieved by using a ring gear of the planetary gear that is stationary or lockable, for example by a brake or clutch.
Insbesondere kann die zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe durch ein Planeten getriebe gebildet sein, wobei die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung eine Bremseinrichtung ist, die in ihrem geschlossenen Kopplungszustand das Hohlrad des die zwischenge schaltete Übersetzungsstufe bildenden Planetengetriebes bremst. Hierdurch kann die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung besonders einfach und platzsparend ausgebildet wer den. Alternativ wäre es auch möglich, eine beliebige andere Kopplung zwischen der Zwischenwelle und dem Rotor, insbesondere einer den Rotor tragenden Hohlwelle, zu nutzen, insbesondere dann, wenn keine Übersetzungsstufe zwischen Rotor und Zwi schenwelle gewünscht ist. In particular, the intermediate transmission stage can be formed by a planetary gear, the second coupling device being a braking device which, in its closed coupling state, brakes the ring gear of the planetary gear forming the intermediate transmission stage. As a result, the second coupling device can be designed in a particularly simple and space-saving manner. Alternatively, it would also be possible to use any other coupling between the intermediate shaft and the rotor, in particular a hollow shaft carrying the rotor, in particular when no gear ratio between the rotor and intermediate shaft is desired.
Das oder ein die zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe bildende Planetengetriebe kann koaxial mit der Abtriebswelle des Differentials angeordnet sein, wobei die Ab triebswelle durch eine zentrale Durchbrechung des Sonnenrads des Planetengetrie bes verläuft. Gegenüber einer seitlich neben der Abtriebswelle angeordneten Überset zungsstufe kann der Bauraumbedarf des Antriebsstrangs reduziert werden. The or the intermediate transmission stage forming planetary gear can be arranged coaxially with the output shaft of the differential, the drive shaft from the bes runs through a central opening of the sun gear of the planetary gear. Compared to a transmission stage arranged on the side next to the output shaft, the space required for the drive train can be reduced.
Die Zwischenwelle kann über eine vorgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe mit einer weiteren Zwischenwelle gekoppelt sein, die koaxial zu dem Rotor der ersten elektrischen Ma schine angeordnet ist. Anders ausgedrückt kann die vorgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe den Versatz zwischen den Drehachsen der zweiten elektrischen Maschine bezie hungsweise des Differentials und der ersten elektrischen Maschine beziehungsweise des Verbrennungsmotors realisieren. Diese Doppelfunktion der Übersetzungsstufe re duziert gegenüber einer separaten Implementierung dieser Funktionen die Komplexi tät und den Bauraumbedarf des Antriebsstrangs. Diese Übersetzungsstufe kann dann insbesondere einen Drehmomenteingang der Zwischenwelle darstellen. Die vorgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe kann durch einen Kettentrieb oder durch einen Zahnradtrieb, insbesondere durch einen Zahnradtrieb mit genau einem Zwischenrad, gebildet sein. Beide Implementierungen benötigen wenig Bauraum in Axialrichtung der Antriebsmaschinen und sind geeignet, relativ große Abstände zwischen den Drehach sen zu überbrücken. Somit sind sie für eine Nutzung im erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs strang besonders geeignet. The intermediate shaft can be coupled via an upstream transmission step to a further intermediate shaft which is arranged coaxially with the rotor of the first electrical machine. In other words, the upstream transmission stage can implement the offset between the axes of rotation of the second electrical machine or the differential and the first electrical machine or the internal combustion engine. This double function of the transmission stage reduces the complexity and space requirements of the drive train compared to a separate implementation of these functions. This transmission step can then in particular represent a torque input of the intermediate shaft. The upstream transmission stage can be formed by a chain drive or by a gear drive, in particular by a gear drive with exactly one intermediate wheel. Both implementations require little installation space in the axial direction of the drive machines and are suitable for bridging relatively large distances between the rotary axes. They are therefore particularly suitable for use in the drive train according to the invention.
Der Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine kann über eine nachgelagerte Überset zungsstufe oder mehrere, insbesondere zwei, nachgelagerte Übersetzungsstufen drehmomentübertragend mit dem Differential verbunden sein. Vorzugsweise werden insgesamt drei Übersetzungsstufen genutzt, nämlich die vorgelagerte Übersetzungs stufe und entweder zwei nachgelagerte Übersetzungsstufen oder eine nachgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe in Verbindung mit der zwischengeschalteten Übersetzungsstufe zwischen zweiter elektrischer Maschine und Zwischenwelle. The rotor of the second electrical machine can be connected to the differential in a torque-transmitting manner via a downstream translation stage or several, in particular two, downstream translation stages. A total of three translation stages are preferably used, namely the upstream translation stage and either two downstream translation stages or one downstream translation stage in conjunction with the intermediate translation stage between the second electrical machine and the intermediate shaft.
Die nachgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe oder wenigstens eine der nachgelagerten Über setzungsstufen kann jeweils durch ein Planetengetriebe gebildet sein, das koaxial mit der Abtriebswelle des Differentials angeordnet ist, wobei die Abtriebswelle durch eine zentrale Durchbrechung des Sonnenrads dieses Planetengetriebes verläuft. Wie be reits zur zwischengeschalteten Übersetzungsstufe erläutert, ist eine solche Anordnung besonders Bauraumeffizient. The downstream translation stage or at least one of the downstream translation stages can each be formed by a planetary gear which is arranged coaxially with the output shaft of the differential, the output shaft running through a central opening in the sun gear of this planetary gear. As already explained with regard to the intermediate transmission stage, such an arrangement is particularly space-efficient.
Der Verbrennungsmotor und die erste elektrische Maschine können mit einem Über setzungsverhältnis von 1:1 miteinander gekoppelt sein. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann die erste Kopplungseinrichtung radial und axial innerhalb der ersten elektrischen Maschine angeordnet sein. Beide Maßnahmen tragen dazu bei, die Komplexität bzw. den Bauraumverbrauch des Antriebsstrangs weiter zu reduzieren. The internal combustion engine and the first electric machine can be coupled to one another with a transmission ratio of 1:1. Alternatively or additionally, the first coupling device can be arranged radially and axially within the first electrical machine. Both measures contribute to further reducing the complexity and space consumption of the powertrain.
Es wird zudem ein Kraftfahrzeug offenbart, das einen erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs strang umfasst. Wird in dem Antriebsstrang nur eine erste Kopplungseinrichtung genutzt, so können der Verbrennungsmotor und die zweite elektrische Maschine bei offenem Kopplungs zustand der ersten Kopplungseinrichtung seriell betrieben werden, das heißt, der Ver brennungsmotor kann mechanisch vom Differential entkoppelt sein und ausschließlich dazu dienen, die als Generator betriebene erste elektrische Maschine anzutreiben.A motor vehicle is also disclosed which includes a drive train according to the invention. If only a first coupling device is used in the drive train, the internal combustion engine and the second electric machine can be operated in series when the first coupling device is in an open coupling state, i.e. the internal combustion engine can be mechanically decoupled from the differential and exclusively used as a generator to drive operated first electrical machine.
Der bereitgestellte Strom kann genutzt werden, um die zweite elektrische Maschine als Antriebsmotor anzutreiben. The current provided can be used to drive the second electrical machine as a drive motor.
In einem geschlossenen Kopplungszustand der ersten Kopplungseinrichtung sind in diesem Fall hingegen sowohl die zweite elektrische Maschine als auch der Verbren nungsmotor mechanisch mit dem Differential gekoppelt und können somit gemeinsam ein höheres Drehmoment zum Antrieb bereitstellen. Dies wird auch als paralleler An trieb bezeichnet. In a closed coupling state of the first coupling device, however, in this case both the second electrical machine and the internal combustion engine are mechanically coupled to the differential and can therefore jointly provide a higher torque for driving. This is also referred to as a parallel drive.
Weist der Antriebsstrang zusätzlich eine zweite Kopplungseinrichtung auf, so können durch Schließen der zweiten Kopplungseinrichtung die obig bereits erläuterten Be triebszustände bereitgestellt werden. If the drive train also has a second coupling device, the operating states already explained above can be provided by closing the second coupling device.
Durch ein Öffnen der zweiten Kopplungseinrichtung werden zusätzliche Betriebszu stände ermöglicht. Sind beide Kopplungseinrichtungen offen, so sind weder der Ver brennungsmotor noch die elektrischen Maschinen mit dem Differential gekoppelt, wo bei jedoch der Verbrennungsmotor weiterhin die erste elektrische Maschine antreiben kann. Dies kann beispielsweise dazu genutzt werden, im Stillstand des Kraftfahrzeugs oder bei einem Segeln einen Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeugs durch Betrieb der ersten elektrischen Maschine als Generator zu laden. Additional operating states are made possible by opening the second coupling device. If both coupling devices are open, neither the combustion engine nor the electric machines are coupled to the differential, although the combustion engine can still drive the first electric machine. This can be used, for example, to charge an energy store of the motor vehicle by operating the first electric machine as a generator when the motor vehicle is stationary or when coasting.
Ist hingegen die erste Kopplungseinrichtung geschlossen und die zweite Kopplungs einrichtung geöffnet, sind die erste elektrische Maschine und der Verbrennungsmotor mechanisch mit dem Differential und somit mit den Rädern des Kraftfahrzeugs gekop pelt, während die zweite elektrische Maschine vom Differential und somit den Rädern entkoppelt ist. Dies ermöglicht es, den Verbrennungsmotor zum Antrieb des Kraftfahr zeugs zu nutzen, wobei die erste elektrische Maschine beispielsweise zur Leistungs erhöhung oder als Generator genutzt werden kann, ohne dass ein Mitschleppen der zweiten elektrischen Maschine erforderlich ist, wenn diese nicht benötigt wird. Hier durch kann insbesondere für einen Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs, der primär durch den Verbrennungsmotor erfolgt, die Effizienz des Fahrzeugs weiter erhöht werden. However, if the first coupling device is closed and the second coupling device is opened, the first electric machine and the internal combustion engine are mechanically coupled to the differential and thus to the wheels of the motor vehicle, while the second electric machine is decoupled from the differential and thus the wheels. This makes it possible to use the internal combustion engine to drive the motor vehicle, the first electric machine, for example, to increase performance or can be used as a generator, without having to drag the second electrical machine is required if this is not required. Here, the efficiency of the vehicle can be further increased, in particular for a drive of the motor vehicle that is primarily provided by the internal combustion engine.
In einer Ausführung des Antriebsstrangs kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Zwischen welle einen Drehmomenteingang aufweist, der zur Drehmomentübertragung mit der ersten elektrischen Maschine verbunden oder verbindbar ist und die Zwischenwelle weiter einen Drehmomentausgang aufweist, der zur Drehmomentübertragung mit dem Differential verbunden ist. Der Drehmomenteingang ist dabei axial vom Drehmoment ausgang beabstandet und die zweite elektrische Maschine axial zwischen dem Dreh momenteingang und dem Drehmomentausgang angeordnet. Hierüber wird eine be sonders kompakte Bauweise ermöglicht. In one embodiment of the drive train it can be provided that the intermediate shaft has a torque input which is or can be connected to the first electric machine for torque transmission and the intermediate shaft further has a torque output which is connected to the differential for torque transmission. The torque input is spaced axially from the torque output and the second electric machine is arranged axially between the torque input and the torque output. This allows a particularly compact design.
Weiter kann der Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine direkt und unmittelbar oder über die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung mit der Zwischenwelle verbunden oder verbind bar sein. Hierüber ist es möglich unterschiedliche Drehmomentenpfade mit sehr ähnli chen Aufbauten zu realisieren. Furthermore, the rotor of the second electrical machine can be connected or connectable directly and immediately or via the second coupling device to the intermediate shaft. This makes it possible to implement different torque paths with very similar structures.
Insgesamt kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Verbrennungsmotor, die erste elektrische Maschine, die zweite elektrische Maschine und das Differential so miteinander gekop pelt oder koppelbar sind, dass Drehmoment entlang eines einzigen Drehmomenten- pfads seriell in dieser Reihenfolge vom Verbrennungsmotor bis zum Differential über tragen wird. Overall, it can be provided that the internal combustion engine, the first electrical machine, the second electrical machine and the differential are coupled or can be coupled to one another in such a way that torque along a single torque path is serially transmitted in this order from the internal combustion engine to the differential.
In einer hierzu alternativen Ausführungsform kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Ver brennungsmotor, die erste elektrische Maschine, die zweite elektrische Maschine und das Differential so miteinander gekoppelt oder koppelbar sind, dass Drehmoment ent- lag eines ersten Drehmomentenpfads seriell vom Verbrennungsmotor über die erste elektrische Maschine und dann, ggf. über Übersetzungsstufen zum Differential über tragen wird und parallel zu diesem ersten Drehmomentenpfad ein zweiter Drehmo- mentenpfad Drehmoment von der zweiten elektrischen Maschine ggf. über ein zusätz liche oder die gleiche Übersetzungsstufen zum Differential überträgt. ln einer Weiterbildung beider alternativen können zwischen der zweiten elektrischen Maschine und/oder zwischen der ersten elektrischen Maschine und dem Differential eine oder zwei Übersetzungsstufen angeordnet sein, oder es können entsprechend eine oder zwei Planetengetriebe vorgesehen sein. In an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that the combustion engine, the first electric machine, the second electric machine and the differential are coupled or can be coupled to one another in such a way that torque is transmitted serially from the combustion engine via the first electric machine and along a first torque path then, if necessary, is transmitted via transmission stages to the differential and, parallel to this first torque path, a second torque path transmits torque from the second electric machine, if necessary via an additional or the same transmission stage to the differential. In a development of both alternatives, one or two transmission stages can be arranged between the second electrical machine and/or between the first electrical machine and the differential, or one or two planetary gears can be provided accordingly.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezug nahme auf die Zeichnungen erläutert. Die Zeichnungen sind schematische Darstellun gen und zeigen: The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic representations and show:
Figur 1 eine Detailansicht eines Kraftfahrzeugs, das ein Ausführungsbei spiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsstrangs umfasst, und FIG. 1 shows a detailed view of a motor vehicle which includes an exemplary embodiment of a drive train according to the invention, and
Figuren 2 bis 4 weitere Ausführungsbeispiele erfindungsgemäßer Antriebs stränge. FIGS. 2 to 4 further exemplary embodiments of drive trains according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt ein Kraftfahrzeug 5, das einen Antriebsstrang 1 mit einem Verbrennungs motor 6, einer ersten und zweiten elektrischen Maschine 7, 8 und einem Differential 9 umfasst. Um einen seriellen Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs durch den Verbrennungsmo tor 6 und die zweite elektrische Maschine 8 zu ermöglichen, können der Verbren nungsmotor 6 und die erste elektrische Maschine 7 durch die Kopplungseinrichtung 13 vom Differential 9 entkoppelt werden. In diesem Zustand kann der Verbrennungs motor 6 die als Generator betriebene erste elektrische Maschine 7 antreiben, um Strom für die zweite elektrische Maschine 8 bereitzustellen. Ist hingegen ein paralleler Antrieb durch den Verbrennungsmotor 6 und die zweite elektrische Maschine 8 ge wünscht, kann die Kopplungseinrichtung 13 geschlossen werden, um zusätzlich den Verbrennungsmotor 6 und die erste elektrische Maschine 7 mit dem Differential 9 zu koppeln. FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 5, which includes a drive train 1 with an internal combustion engine 6, a first and second electrical machine 7, 8 and a differential 9. In order to enable a serial drive of the motor vehicle by the internal combustion engine 6 and the second electrical machine 8 , the internal combustion engine 6 and the first electrical machine 7 can be decoupled from the differential 9 by the coupling device 13 . In this state, the internal combustion engine 6 can drive the first electric machine 7 operated as a generator in order to provide electricity for the second electric machine 8 . If, on the other hand, a parallel drive by the internal combustion engine 6 and the second electrical machine 8 is desired, the coupling device 13 can be closed in order to additionally couple the internal combustion engine 6 and the first electrical machine 7 to the differential 9 .
Um kompakte Abmessungen eines solchen Antriebsstrangs 1 in Axialrichtung des Verbrennungsmotors 6 beziehungsweise der elektrischen Maschinen 7, 8 zu errei chen, erfolgt die Anordnung der Komponenten derart, dass der Rotor 15 der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8 die gleiche Drehachse 16 aufweist, wie die Abtriebswellen 11 , 12 des Differentials, wobei die Drehachse 17 einer Abtriebswelle 18 des Verbrennungsmotors 6 beziehungsweise die im Beispiel hierzu identische Drehachse 19 des Rotors 20 der ersten elektrischen Maschine 7 senkrecht zur Drehachse 16 des Rotors 15 der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8 zu dieser versetzt sind. In order to achieve compact dimensions of such a drive train 1 in the axial direction of the internal combustion engine 6 or the electric machines 7, 8, the components are arranged in such a way that the rotor 15 of the second electric machine 8 has the same axis of rotation 16 as the output shafts 11, 12 of the differential, the axis of rotation 17 of an output shaft 18 of the Combustion engine 6 or the axis of rotation 19 of the rotor 20 of the first electric machine 7, which is identical to this in the example, are offset perpendicularly to the axis of rotation 16 of the rotor 15 of the second electric machine 8 to this.
Dies ermöglicht es, dass die koaxial zu der Drehachse 16 angeordneten Komponen ten mit den koaxial zu der Drehachse 17 beziehungsweise 19 angeordneten Kompo nenten in Axialrichtung überlappen. Im Beispiel sind die erste elektrische Maschine 7 und ein Torsionsdämpfer 39, der diese mit dem Verbrennungsmotor koppelt, im glei chen Axialabschnitt des Kraftfahrzeugs 5 angeordnet wie die zweite elektrische Ma schine 8. Zudem ist der Verbrennungsmotor 6 im gleichen Axialabschnitt angeordnet wie die später noch erläuterten nachgelagerten Übersetzungsstufen 25, 26. Hierdurch kann ein in Axialrichtung recht kurzbauender Antriebsstrang realisiert werden, was die Nutzung eines solchen Antriebsstrangs in Kraftfahrzeugen ermöglicht, in denen ein axiales Hintereinanderschalten aller Komponenten aus Bauraumgründen nicht mög lich oder zumindest nachteilig wäre. This makes it possible for the components arranged coaxially with respect to the axis of rotation 16 to overlap in the axial direction with the components arranged coaxially with respect to the axis of rotation 17 or 19 . In the example, the first electrical machine 7 and a torsional damper 39, which couples it to the internal combustion engine, are arranged in the same axial section of the motor vehicle 5 as the second electrical machine 8. In addition, the internal combustion engine 6 is arranged in the same axial section as those explained later downstream gear ratio stages 25, 26. This allows a very short drive train to be implemented in the axial direction, which enables the use of such a drive train in motor vehicles in which axial cascading of all components is not possible, or at least would be disadvantageous, for space reasons.
Im gezeigten Beispiel ist der Verbrennungsmotor 6 mit einer Übersetzung von 1 :1 mit der ersten elektrischen Maschine 7 gekoppelt, deren Rotor 20 hohl ausgebildet ist, so dass axial und radial innerhalb der ersten elektrischen Maschine 7 die erste Kopp lungseinrichtung 13 angeordnet werden kann, die den Rotor 20 mit der Zwischenwelle 32 koppelt. Dies ermöglicht einen kompakten und mechanisch einfachen Aufbau der bezüglich der Drehachse 17 beziehungsweise 19 koaxial angeordneten Komponenten des Antriebsstrangs 1 . In the example shown, the internal combustion engine 6 is coupled with a gear ratio of 1:1 to the first electric machine 7, the rotor 20 of which is hollow, so that the first coupling device 13 can be arranged axially and radially within the first electric machine 7 couples the rotor 20 to the intermediate shaft 32. This enables a compact and mechanically simple construction of the components of the drive train 1 that are arranged coaxially with respect to the axis of rotation 17 or 19 .
Die verbleibenden Komponenten des Antriebsstrangs 1 sind koaxial bezüglich der Ab triebswellen 11 , 12 des Differentials 9 angeordnet. Hierbei erfolgt die Momentübertra gung zwischen den Drehachsen, also zwischen der Zwischenwelle 32 und der Zwi schenwelle 22, über eine vorgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe 31 , die im Beispiel als Zahnradtrieb 34 mit genau einem Zwischenrad 40 ausgebildet ist. Diese Überset zungsstufe 31 ist in einem ersten axialen Bereich der Zwischenwelle 22 angeordnet und stellt den Drehmomenteingang für die Zwischenwelle 22 dar. Die Zwischenwelle 22 ist unmittelbar mit dem Rotor 15 der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8 gekoppelt beziehungsweise trägt diesen Rotor 15. Somit erfüllt die Übersetzungsstufe 31 eine Doppeltfunktion, nämlich die Übertragung von Momenten zwischen der Drehachse 17 beziehungsweise 19 und zu der Dreh achse 16 einerseits und eine Drehzahlanpassung zwischen Verbrennungsmotor 6 und zweiter elektrischer Maschine 8 bei geschlossener Kopplungseinrichtung 13 anderer seits. Eine solche Drehzahlanpassung kann vorteilhaft sein, da hierdurch beispiels weise eine relativ schnelldrehende zweite elektrische Maschine 8 genutzt werden kann, was typischerweise bei gleicher Leistung zu kompakteren Abmessungen führt. The remaining components of the drive train 1 are arranged coaxially with respect to the output shafts 11 , 12 of the differential 9 . Here, the torque is transmitted between the axes of rotation, ie between the intermediate shaft 32 and the intermediate shaft 22, via an upstream transmission stage 31, which is designed in the example as a gear drive 34 with exactly one intermediate wheel 40. This transmission stage 31 is arranged in a first axial region of the intermediate shaft 22 and represents the torque input for the intermediate shaft 22. The intermediate shaft 22 is coupled directly to the rotor 15 of the second electrical machine 8 or carries this rotor 15. Thus, the transmission stage 31 fulfills a dual function, namely the transmission of torque between the axis of rotation 17 or 19 and to the axis of rotation 16 on the one hand and a speed adjustment between the internal combustion engine 6 and the second electric machine 8 when the coupling device 13 is closed on the other hand. Such a speed adjustment can be advantageous, since this example, a relatively fast rotating second electrical machine 8 can be used, which typically leads to more compact dimensions with the same power.
Die Zwischenwelle 22 durchsetzt die elektrische Maschine 8 und somit den Rotor 15 und den Stator 21 der elektrischen Maschine 8 und ist als Hohlwelle ausgebildet, durch die Abtriebswelle 11 des Differentials 9 verläuft. Dies ermöglicht eine Anord nung der vorgelagerten Übersetzungsstufe 31 und des Differentials 9 beziehungs weise der nachgelagerten Übersetzungsstufe 25, 26 an unterschiedlichen Seiten der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8, was zu einem besonders kompakten Aufbau des Antriebsstrangs 1 führen kann. Die Übersetzungsstufen 25, 26 sind dabei in einem zweiten axialen Bereich beabstandet zum ersten axialen Bereich angeordnet und bil den den Drehmomentausgang der Zwischenwelle 22. Die zweite elektrische Maschine 8 ist also zum einen axial zwischen dem Drehmomenteingang und dem Drehmoment ausgang der Zwischenwelle 22 angeordnet, zum anderen sind die Elemente Verbren nungsmotor 6, erste elektrische Maschine 7, zweite elektrische Maschine 8, Überset zungsstufe 25, 26 und Differential 9 in Richtung des Drehmomentenpfads seriell hin tereinander angeordnet. The intermediate shaft 22 passes through the electrical machine 8 and thus through the rotor 15 and the stator 21 of the electrical machine 8 and is designed as a hollow shaft through which the output shaft 11 of the differential 9 runs. This enables the upstream transmission stage 31 and the differential 9 or the downstream transmission stage 25, 26 to be arranged on different sides of the second electrical machine 8, which can lead to a particularly compact design of the drive train 1. The transmission stages 25, 26 are arranged in a second axial area at a distance from the first axial area and form the torque output of the intermediate shaft 22. The second electric machine 8 is therefore arranged axially between the torque input and the torque output of the intermediate shaft 22, on the one hand other elements are internal combustion engine 6, first electric machine 7, second electric machine 8, transla tion stage 25, 26 and differential 9 in the direction of the torque path in series behind one another.
Da vorzugsweise eine relativ schnell drehende zweite elektrische Maschine 8 genutzt wird, wird vorzugsweise eine zusätzliche Übersetzung zwischen dem Gehäuse 10 des Differentials 9 und der Zwischenwelle 22 beziehungsweise dem Rotor 15 der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8 verwendet. Diese wird im Beispiel durch zwei nachgelagerte Übersetzungsstufen 25, 26 realisiert, die jeweils als Planetengetriebe 35, 36 ausgebil det sind. Die mit dem Rotor 15 gekoppelte Zwischenwelle 22 greift am Sonnenrad 37 des Planetengetriebes 35 an. Da dessen Hohlrad festgesetzt ist, beispielsweise am Gehäuse der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8 befestigt ist, resultiert eine feste Über setzung zum Planetenträger, der wieder mit dem Sonnenrad 38 des zweiten Planetengetriebes 36 gekoppelt ist. Dort ist wiederum das Hohlrad festgesetzt und der Planetenträger ist mit dem Gehäuse 10 des Differentials 9 gekoppelt. Die Sonnenrä der 37, 38 der Planetengetriebe 35, 36 weisen jeweils eine zentrale Durchbrechung auf, durch die die Abtriebswelle 11 des Differentials 9 geführt ist. Durch die gezeigte Ausgestaltung kann eine erforderliche Übersetzung mit relativ geringem Bauraumbe darf realisiert werden. Since a second electrical machine 8 rotating relatively quickly is preferably used, an additional transmission between the housing 10 of the differential 9 and the intermediate shaft 22 or the rotor 15 of the second electrical machine 8 is preferably used. This is realized in the example by two downstream transmission stages 25, 26, each of which is designed as a planetary gear 35, 36. The intermediate shaft 22 coupled to the rotor 15 acts on the sun gear 37 of the planetary gear 35 . Since the ring gear is fixed, for example, is attached to the housing of the second electric machine 8, resulting in a fixed translation to the planet carrier, which again with the sun gear 38 of the second Planetary gear 36 is coupled. There, in turn, the ring gear is fixed and the planet carrier is coupled to the housing 10 of the differential 9 . The Sonnenrä of 37, 38 of the planetary gear 35, 36 each have a central opening through which the output shaft 11 of the differential 9 is guided. With the configuration shown, a required translation can be realized with a relatively small space requirement.
Der in Figur 2 gezeigt Antriebsstrang 2 entspricht weitgehend dem in Figur 1 gezeig ten Antriebsstrang 1 und kann entsprechend statt diesem im Kraftfahrzeug 5 genutzt werden. Die Antriebsstränge 1 , 2 unterscheiden sich jedoch in zwei Punkten: The drive train 2 shown in FIG. 2 largely corresponds to the drive train 1 shown in FIG. 1 and can accordingly be used in the motor vehicle 5 instead of it. However, the drive trains 1 , 2 differ in two respects:
Zum einen folgt die Momentübertragung zwischen den Zwischenwellen 32 und 22 in Figur 2 durch eine vorgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe 31 , die durch einen Kettentrieb 33 gebildet ist. Zur Bildung der Übersetzungsstufe 31 kann bedarfsgerecht zwischen dem hier genutzten Kettentrieb 33 und dem in Figur 1 genutzten Zahnradtrieb 34 gewählt werden. On the one hand, the torque is transmitted between the intermediate shafts 32 and 22 in FIG. To form the transmission step 31, a choice can be made as required between the chain drive 33 used here and the gear drive 34 used in FIG.
Zum anderen ist der Rotor 15 im Gegensatz zum Antriebsstrang 1 im Antriebsstrang 2 nicht starr mit der Zwischenwelle 22 gekoppelt, sondern es wird eine zweite Kopp lungseinrichtung 14 genutzt, um den Rotor bedarfsgerecht mit der Zwischenwelle 22 zu koppeln beziehungsweise von dieser zu entkoppeln. Dies kann beispielsweise bei einem Gleiten des Kraftfahrzeugs vorteilhaft sein, da durch Abkopplung sowohl der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8 als auch des Verbrennungsmotors 6 und der ersten elektrischen Maschine 7 durch Öffnen beider Kopplungseinrichtungen 13, 14 der Roll widerstand gegenüber einer ausschließlichen Abkopplung von Verbrennungsmotor 6 und erster elektrischer Maschine 7 weiter abgesenkt werden kann. On the other hand, in contrast to the drive train 1, the rotor 15 is not rigidly coupled to the intermediate shaft 22 in the drive train 2, but a second coupling device 14 is used to couple the rotor to the intermediate shaft 22 or to decouple it from it as required. This can be advantageous, for example, when the motor vehicle is sliding, since by decoupling both the second electric machine 8 and the internal combustion engine 6 and the first electric machine 7 by opening both coupling devices 13, 14, the rolling resistance is opposed to an exclusive decoupling of the internal combustion engine 6 and the first Electrical machine 7 can be lowered further.
Zum anderen kann bei einem Antrieb des Fahrzeugs durch den Verbrennungsmotor, bei dem die zweite elektrische Maschine 8 nicht genutzt werden soll, die Kopplungs einrichtung 13 geschlossen und die Kopplungseinrichtung 14 geöffnet werden, so dass die die zweite elektrische Maschine 8 nicht mitgeschleift werden muss, wodurch eine höhere Effizienz erreicht werden kann. Die Möglichkeit zur Abkopplung der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8 ist im gezeigten Beispiel dadurch implementiert, dass der Rotor 15 durch eine weitere Hohlwelle 24 getragen wird, innerhalb der koaxial sowohl die Zwischenwelle 22 als auch die Ab triebswelle 11 verlaufen, wobei die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung 14 die Hohlwelle 24 mit der Zwischenwelle 22 koppelt bzw. von dieser entkoppelt. On the other hand, when the vehicle is driven by the internal combustion engine, for which the second electric machine 8 is not to be used, the coupling device 13 can be closed and the coupling device 14 opened, so that the second electric machine 8 does not have to be dragged along, which means that higher efficiency can be achieved. The possibility of decoupling the second electrical machine 8 is implemented in the example shown by the fact that the rotor 15 is carried by a further hollow shaft 24, within which both the intermediate shaft 22 and the output shaft 11 run coaxially, with the second coupling device 14 supporting the hollow shaft 24 coupled to the intermediate shaft 22 or decoupled from it.
Figur 3 zeigt einen Antriebsstrang 3, der ebenfalls weitgehend dem in Figur 1 gezeig ten Antriebsstrang 1 entspricht und ebenfalls im Kraftfahrzeug 5 genutzt werden könnte. Der Antriebsstrang 3 unterscheidet sich dadurch vom Antriebsstrang 1 , dass der Rotor 15 nicht unmittelbar mit der Zwischenwelle 22 gekoppelt ist, sondern dass eine Kopplung dieser Komponenten über eine zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungs stufe 23 erfolgt. Die zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe 23 ist im Beispiel als Pla netengetriebe 27 ausgebildet, wobei das Hohlrad 30, z.B. am Gehäuse der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 8, festgelegt ist, der Planetenträger 29 mit der Zwischenwelle 22 gekoppelt ist und das Sonnenrad 28 mit einer Hohlwelle 24 gekoppelt ist, die den Rotor 15 trägt. Das Sonnenrad 28 ist als Hohlrad ausgebildet, so dass sich die Ab triebswelle 11 und die Zwischenwelle 22 durch eine zentrale Durchbrechung des Son- nenrads 28 erstrecken. FIG. 3 shows a drive train 3 which also largely corresponds to the drive train 1 shown in FIG. 1 and could also be used in motor vehicle 5 . The drive train 3 differs from the drive train 1 in that the rotor 15 is not coupled directly to the intermediate shaft 22, but rather that these components are coupled via an intermediate transmission stage 23. In the example, the intermediate transmission stage 23 is designed as a planetary gear 27, with the ring gear 30 being fixed, e.g. carrying the rotor 15. The sun gear 28 is designed as a ring gear, so that the output shaft 11 and the intermediate shaft 22 extend through a central opening in the sun gear 28 .
Durch Nutzung der zwischengeschalteten Übersetzungsstufe 23 kann es ausreichend sein, nur eine einzige nachgeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe 26 zwischen der Zwischen welle 22 und dem Differential 10 zu nutzen. Da vom Verbrennungsmotor 6 bereitge stellte Momente somit nur über zwei der Übersetzungsstufen 31 , 26 geführt werden müssen, kann ein Verschleiß des Antriebsstrangs reduziert werden. By using the intermediate translation stage 23, it may be sufficient to use only a single downstream translation stage 26 between the intermediate shaft 22 and the differential 10. Since the torques provided by the internal combustion engine 6 only have to be passed through two of the transmission stages 31, 26, wear on the drive train can be reduced.
Der in Figur 4 dargestellte Antriebsstrang 4 entspricht weitgehend dem in Figur 3 dar gestellten Antriebsstrang 3 und kann somit ebenfalls in dem Kraftfahrzeug 5 genutzt werden. The drive train 4 shown in FIG. 4 largely corresponds to the drive train 3 shown in FIG. 3 and can therefore also be used in the motor vehicle 5 .
Die Antriebsstränge 3, 4 unterscheiden sich zum einen dadurch, dass zur Momen tübertragung zwischen den Zwischenwellen 32, 22 in Figur 4, wie bereits in Figur 2, ein Kettentrieb 33 als Übersetzungsstufe 31 genutzt wird. Zudem ist im Gegensatz zu dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Antriebsstrang 3 in dem Planeten getriebe 27 des Antriebsstrangs 4, das die zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe 23 bildet, das Hohlrad 30 zunächst drehbar gelagert. Dies führt dazu, dass bei nicht betä tigter Bremseinrichtung 28 die den Rotor tragende Hohlwelle 24 von der Zwischen welle 22 entkoppelt ist, da sich der mit der Zwischenwelle 22 gekoppelte Planetenträ ger 29 und das mit der Hohlwelle 24 gekoppelte Sonnenrad 28 hierdurch frei zueinan der drehen können. The drive trains 3, 4 differ on the one hand in that a chain drive 33 is used as a transmission step 31 for torque transmission between the intermediate shafts 32, 22 in FIG. 4, as already in FIG. In addition, in contrast to the drive train 3 shown in Fig. 3 in the planetary gear 27 of the drive train 4, which forms the intermediate transmission stage 23, the ring gear 30 is initially rotatably mounted. This means that when the braking device 28 is not actuated, the hollow shaft 24 carrying the rotor is decoupled from the intermediate shaft 22, since the planetary carrier 29 coupled to the intermediate shaft 22 and the sun gear 28 coupled to the hollow shaft 24 rotate freely relative to one another as a result can.
Wird das Hohlrad 30 hingegen durch die Bremseinrichtung 28 festgebremst, resultiert ein festes Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen der Hohlwelle 24 und der Zwischenwelle 22 und somit zwischen der Zwischenwelle 22 und dem Rotor 15 der zweiten elektri schen Maschine 8. Die Bremseinrichtung 28 wirkt somit als zweite Kopplungseinrich tung 14, so dass auf die dargestellte Weise eine besonders kompakte Implementie rung sowohl der zweiten Kopplungseinrichtung 14 als auch der zwischengeschalteten Übersetzungseinrichtung 23 erreicht werden kann. If, on the other hand, the ring gear 30 is braked to a standstill by the braking device 28, this results in a fixed transmission ratio between the hollow shaft 24 and the intermediate shaft 22 and thus between the intermediate shaft 22 and the rotor 15 of the second electrical machine 8. The braking device 28 thus acts as the second coupling device 14 , so that a particularly compact implementation of both the second coupling device 14 and the intermediate translation device 23 can be achieved in the manner shown.
In den Ausführungsformen gemäß den Fig. 2 bis 4 ist die zweite elektrische Maschine 8 zum einen axial zwischen dem Drehmomenteingang und dem Drehmomentausgang der Zwischenwelle 22 angeordnet, zum anderen sind die Elemente Verbrennungsmo tor s, erste elektrische Maschine 7, Übersetzungsstufe 25, 26 und Differential 9 in Richtung des Drehmomentenpfads seriell hintereinander angeordnet, während die , zweite elektrische Maschine 8 zumindest teilweise parallel zu diesem Drehmoment pfad angebunden ist und einen zweiten Drehmomentpfad parallel zum ersten etabliert. In the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 to 4, the second electric machine 8 is arranged axially between the torque input and the torque output of the intermediate shaft 22, and on the other hand the elements are the internal combustion engine, the first electric machine 7, the transmission stage 25, 26 and the differential 9 are arranged in series in the direction of the torque path, while the second electric machine 8 is at least partially connected in parallel to this torque path and establishes a second torque path parallel to the first.
Bezuqszeichenliste Antriebsstrang Antriebsstrang Antriebsstrang Antriebsstrang Kraftfahrzeug Verbrennungsmotor elektrische Maschine elektrische Maschine Differential Gehäuse Abtriebswelle Abtriebswelle Kopplungseinrichtung Kopplungseinrichtung Rotor Drehachse Drehachse Abtriebswelle Drehachse Rotor Stator Zwischenwelle Übersetzungsstufe Hohlwelle Übersetzungsstufe Übersetzungsstufe Planetengetriebe SomenradBezuqszeichenliste drive train drive train drive train drive train motor vehicle internal combustion engine electric machine electric machine differential housing output shaft output shaft coupling device coupling device rotor axis of rotation axis of rotation output shaft axis of rotation rotor stator intermediate shaft transmission stage hollow shaft transmission stage transmission stage planetary gear Somenrad
Planetenträgerplanet carrier
Hohlradring gear
Übersetzungsstufetranslation stage
Zwischenwelleintermediate shaft
Kettentriebchain drive
Zahnradtriebgear drive
Planetengetriebeplanetary gear
Planetengetriebeplanetary gear
Sonnenradsun gear
Sonnenradsun gear
Torsionsdämpfertorsional damper
Zwischenrad intermediate wheel

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1. Antriebsstrang für ein Kraftfahrzeug (5), umfassend einen Verbrennungsmotor (6), eine erste und zweite elektrische Maschine (7, 8) und ein Differential (9), wobei das Differential (9) zum einen in einem geschlossenen Kopplungszu stand einer ersten Kopplungseinrichtung (13) mit der ersten elektrischen Ma schine (7) und dem Verbrennungsmotor (6) drehmomentübertragend verbun den ist und zum anderen durchgehend oder in einem geschlossenen Kopp lungszustand einer zweiten Kopplungseinrichtung (14) mit der zweiten elektri schen Maschine (8) drehmomentübertragend verbunden ist, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass der Rotor (15) der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) die gleiche Drehachse (16) aufweist wie wenigstens eine der Abtriebswellen (11, 12) des Differentials (9), wobei die Drehachse (17) einer Abtriebswelle (18) des Ver brennungsmotors (6) und/oder die Drehachse (19) des Rotors (20) der ersten elektrischen Maschine (7) senkrecht versetzt zur Drehachse (16) des Rotors (15) der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) und im Wesentlichen parallel zu die ser Drehachse (16) angeordnet ist oder sind. 1. Drive train for a motor vehicle (5), comprising an internal combustion engine (6), a first and second electric machine (7, 8) and a differential (9), wherein the differential (9) was on the one hand in a closed kupplungszu a first Coupling device (13) is connected to the first electrical machine (7) and the internal combustion engine (6) in a torque-transmitting manner and, on the other hand, a second coupling device (14) is connected to the second electrical machine (8) in a torque-transmitting manner continuously or in a closed coupling state characterized in that the rotor (15) of the second electrical machine (8) has the same axis of rotation (16) as at least one of the output shafts (11, 12) of the differential (9), the axis of rotation (17) being an output shaft (18) of the United internal combustion engine (6) and / or the axis of rotation (19) of the rotor (20) of the first electrical machine (7) offset perpendicular to the axis of rotation (16) of the rotor (15) of the second electric ric machine (8) and is or are arranged essentially parallel to this axis of rotation (16).
2. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Differential (9) in dem geschlossenen Kopplungszustand der ersten Kopplungseinrichtung (13) über eine Zwischenwelle (22) mit der ersten elektrischen Maschine (7) und dem Verbrennungsmotor (8) drehmomentübertragend verbunden ist, wobei die Zwischenwelle (22) koaxial zu der Abtriebswelle (11, 12) des Differentials (9) verläuft und/oder als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist, innerhalb der die Abtriebswelle (11) des Differentials (9) verläuft. 2. Drive train according to claim 1, characterized in that the differential (9) is connected in the closed coupling state of the first coupling device (13) via an intermediate shaft (22) to the first electric machine (7) and the internal combustion engine (8) in a torque-transmitting manner, wherein the intermediate shaft (22) runs coaxially to the output shaft (11, 12) of the differential (9) and/or is designed as a hollow shaft, within which the output shaft (11) of the differential (9) runs.
3. Antriebseinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwi schenwelle (22) direkt oder über eine zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe (23) und/oder die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung (14) mit dem Rotor (15) der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) drehmomentübertragend verbunden ist. 3. Drive device according to claim 2, characterized in that the intermediate shaft (22) is connected to the rotor (15) of the second electrical machine (8) in a torque-transmitting manner directly or via an intermediate transmission stage (23) and/or the second coupling device (14). is.
4. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwischen geschaltete Übersetzungsstufe (23) durch ein Planetengetriebe (27) gebildet ist, wobei die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung (14) eine Bremseinrichtung (28) ist, die in ihrem geschlossenen Kopplungszustand das Hohlrad (30) des die zwi schengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe (23) bildenden Planetengetriebes (27) bremst. 4. Drive train according to Claim 3, characterized in that the transmission stage (23) connected in between is formed by a planetary gear (27), the second coupling device (14) being a braking device (28) which, in its closed coupling state, rotates the ring gear (30th ) of the planetary gear (27) forming the intermediate gear ratio stage (23) brakes.
5. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das o- der ein die zwischengeschaltete Übersetzungsstufe (23) bildende Planetenge triebe (27) koaxial mit der Abtriebswelle (11, 12) des Differentials (9) angeord net ist, wobei die Abtriebswelle (11) durch eine zentrale Durchbrechung des Sonnenrads (28) des Planetengetriebes (27) verläuft. 5. Drive train according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the o- the one planetary gear (27) forming the intermediate transmission stage (23) is arranged coaxially with the output shaft (11, 12) of the differential (9), the Output shaft (11) runs through a central opening in the sun gear (28) of the planetary gear (27).
6. Antriebsstrang nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenwelle (22) über eine vorgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe (31) mit einerweiteren Zwischenwelle (32) gekoppelt ist, die koaxial zu dem Rotor (20) der ersten elektrischen Maschine (7) angeordnet ist. 6. Drive train according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the intermediate shaft (22) is coupled via an upstream transmission stage (31) to a further intermediate shaft (32) which is coaxial with the rotor (20) of the first electrical machine (7th ) is arranged.
7. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorgela gerte Übersetzungsstufe (31) durch einen Kettentrieb (33) oder durch einen Zahnradtrieb (34), insbesondere durch einen Zahnradtrieb (34) mit genau ei nem Zwischenrad (40), gebildet ist. 7. Drive train according to claim 6, characterized in that the upstream transmission stage (31) is formed by a chain drive (33) or by a gear drive (34), in particular by a gear drive (34) with exactly one intermediate wheel (40). .
8. Antriebsstrang nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass der Rotor (15) der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) über eine nachgelagerte Übersetzungsstufe (26) oder mehrere, insbesondere zwei, nach gelagerte Übersetzungsstufen (25, 26) drehmomentübertragend mit dem Diffe rential (9) verbunden ist. 8. Drive train according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (15) of the second electric machine (8) via a downstream transmission stage (26) or several, in particular two, downstream transmission stages (25, 26) in a torque-transmitting manner with the Differential rential (9) is connected.
9. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nachgela gerte Übersetzungsstufe (26) oder wenigstens eine der nachgelagerten Über setzungsstufen (25, 26) jeweils durch ein Planetengetriebe (35, 36) gebildet ist, das koaxial mit der Abtriebswelle (11, 12) des Differentials (9) angeordnet ist, wobei die Abtriebswelle (11) durch eine zentrale Durchbrechung des Sonnen- rads (37, 38) dieses Planetengetriebes (35, 36) verläuft. 9. Drive train according to claim 8, characterized in that the downstream transmission stage (26) or at least one of the downstream transmission stages (25, 26) is formed by a planetary gear (35, 36) which is coaxial with the output shaft (11, 12) of the differential (9) is arranged, the output shaft (11) running through a central opening in the sun gear (37, 38) of this planetary gear (35, 36).
10. Antriebsstrang nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor (6) und die erste elektrische Maschine (7) mit einem Übersetzungsverhältnis von 1:1 miteinander gekoppelt sind und/oder dass die erste Kopplungseinrichtung (13) radial und axial innerhalb der ersten elektrischen Maschine (7) angeordnet ist. 10. Drive train according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (6) and the first electric machine (7) are coupled to one another with a transmission ratio of 1: 1 and/or that the first coupling device (13) is radial and axial is arranged within the first electrical machine (7).
11. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischen welle (22) einen Drehmomenteingang aufweist, der zur Drehmomentübertragung mit der ersten elektrischen Maschine (7) verbunden oder verbindbar ist, dass die Zwischenwelle (22) einen Drehmomentausgang aufweist, der zur Dreh momentübertragung mit dem Differential (9) verbunden ist, der Drehmomenteingang axial vom Drehmomentausgang beabstandet ist, und die zweite elektrische Maschine (8) axial zwischen dem Drehmomenteingang und dem Drehmomentausgang angeordnet ist. 11. Drive train according to Claim 2, characterized in that the intermediate shaft (22) has a torque input which is or can be connected to the first electrical machine (7) for torque transmission, that the intermediate shaft (22) has a torque output which is used for rotating torque transmission is connected to the differential (9), the torque input is spaced axially from the torque output, and the second electric machine (8) is arranged axially between the torque input and the torque output.
12. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotor (15) der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) direkt und unmittelbar oder über die zweite Kopplungseinrichtung (14) mit der Zwischenwelle (22) verbunden oder verbindbar ist. 12. Drive train according to claim 11, characterized in that the rotor (15) of the second electric machine (8) is connected or connectable directly and immediately or via the second coupling device (14) to the intermediate shaft (22).
13. Antriebsstrang nach einem der vorigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Verbrennungsmotor (6), erste elektrische Maschine (7), zweite elektrische Maschine (8) und Differential (9) so miteinander gekoppelt oder koppelbar sind, dass Drehmoment seriell in dieser Reihenfolge vom Verbrennungsmotor (6) zur ersten elektrische Maschine (7), von der ersten elektrischen Maschine (7) zur zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) und von der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) zum Differential (9) übertragen wird. 13. Drive train according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (6), the first electric machine (7), the second electric machine (8) and the differential (9) are coupled or can be coupled to one another in such a way that torque is transmitted serially in this order from Internal combustion engine (6) to the first electric machine (7), from the first electric machine (7) to the second electric machine (8) and from the second electric machine (8) to the differential (9).
14. Antriebsstrang nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Verbrennungsmotor (6), erste elektrische Maschine (7), zweite elektrische Maschine (8) und Differential (9) so miteinander gekoppelt oder koppelbar sind, dass Drehmoment seriell vom Verbrennungsmotor (6) zur ersten elektrische Ma schine (7) und von der ersten elektrischen Maschine (7) zum Differential (9) übertragen wird und parallel zur Drehmomentübertragung von der ersten elektri- sehen Maschine (7) zum Differential (9) Drehmoment von der zweiten elektri schen Maschine (8) auf das Differential (9) übertragen wird, bzw. werden kann. 14. Drive train according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (6), first electric machine (7), second electric Machine (8) and differential (9) are coupled or can be coupled to one another in such a way that torque is transmitted in series from the internal combustion engine (6) to the first electric machine (7) and from the first electric machine (7) to the differential (9) and in parallel to transmit torque from the first electrical machine (7) to the differential (9), torque is transmitted from the second electrical machine (8) to the differential (9), or can be.
15. Antriebsstrang nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwi schen der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) und dem Differential (9) eine oder zwei Übersetzungsstufen (25, 26) angeordnet sind, oder dass zwischen der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (8) und dem Differential (9) eine oder zwei Plane tengetriebe (35, 36) angeordnet sind 15. The drive train according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that one or two transmission stages (25, 26) are arranged between the second electrical machine (8) and the differential (9), or that between the second electrical machine (8) and the differential (9) one or two planet gears (35, 36) are arranged
PCT/DE2022/100445 2021-06-29 2022-06-15 Drive train for a motor vehicle WO2023274448A1 (en)

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