WO2023274341A1 - 汽车座椅和用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置 - Google Patents

汽车座椅和用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023274341A1
WO2023274341A1 PCT/CN2022/102618 CN2022102618W WO2023274341A1 WO 2023274341 A1 WO2023274341 A1 WO 2023274341A1 CN 2022102618 W CN2022102618 W CN 2022102618W WO 2023274341 A1 WO2023274341 A1 WO 2023274341A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
occupant
car seat
adjustment
lower limb
protective body
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/102618
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘崇庆
Original Assignee
延锋国际汽车技术有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 延锋国际汽车技术有限公司 filed Critical 延锋国际汽车技术有限公司
Priority to EP22832153.5A priority Critical patent/EP4331924A1/en
Publication of WO2023274341A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023274341A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/055—Padded or energy-absorbing fittings, e.g. seat belt anchors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/18—Anchoring devices
    • B60R22/26—Anchoring devices secured to the seat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R2021/0206—Self-supporting restraint systems, e.g. restraining arms, plates or the like
    • B60R2021/022—Self-supporting restraint systems, e.g. restraining arms, plates or the like mounted on seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/28—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles incorporating energy-absorbing devices
    • B60R2022/281—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles incorporating energy-absorbing devices for buckles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/12—Construction of belts or harnesses
    • B60R22/14—Construction of belts or harnesses incorporating enlarged restraint areas, e.g. vests, nets, crash pads, optionally for children

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a car seat and a lower limb restraint device for the car seat.
  • the seat back of a car seat is adjusted according to the occupant's riding habits during normal use.
  • the seat back can be adjusted to the design position (generally about 25 degrees relative to the vertical position), and the crash dummy is used for the test, and the damage evaluation is performed on the crash dummy.
  • the seat back is not necessarily adjusted in the design position, for example 45 degrees relative to the vertical position, the occupant can adjust the seat back to even 60 degrees relative to the vertical position , to rest, if a frontal collision occurs at this time, because the occupant is lying or half lying on the seat, the entire torso is more likely to slide forward along the seat back and seat pan due to inertial force.
  • the mass of the lower limbs accounts for about 34% of the total mass of the human body, in the event of a frontal collision, such as a frontal collision with a rigid wall at 50KPH, if there is no effective foot support or knee support of the car interior parts, the inertia of the lower limbs The force will be very huge, which will generate a traction force of 6-9kN, which will pull the occupant's pelvis and trunk, which will easily lead to diving and eventually lead to an increased risk of injury.
  • the driver in the car will have more possibilities sitting posture.
  • three kinds of sitting postures can be summarized, 1) normal driving posture, 2) working posture, and 3) leisure sitting posture.
  • a normal driving posture the occupant can fully pay attention to the driving condition of the vehicle.
  • the design position of the seat back is generally about 25 degrees.
  • the working sitting position the occupants can work or entertain in the vehicle without paying attention to the driving conditions of the vehicle, and the seat back can be adjusted to about 45 degrees relative to the vertical position.
  • the seat back In the casual sitting position, the occupant can completely ignore the driving of the vehicle and rest with eyes closed, and the seat back can be adjusted to an angle of 60 degrees or even greater relative to the vertical position.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a car seat and a lower limb restraint device for the car seat in order to overcome the defect that the car seat in the prior art lacks protection for the occupant's lower limbs during a collision.
  • a lower limb restraint device for a car seat characterized in that the lower limb restraint device includes a protective body and two adjustment bodies, and the protective body is configured to abut against the lower limbs of the passenger on the side facing the passenger and the two ends of the protective body are respectively connected to the car seat on both sides of the car seat through the adjustment body, so that the protective body can restrain the movement of the occupant and can Keep relatively still with the lower limbs of the occupant, the adjustment bodies are respectively arranged on both sides of the car seat, and the adjustment body is configured to be connected with the protective body with one end of the adjustment body, and The other end of the adjusting body is fixedly connected with the car seat, and the adjusting body is used to adjust the restraining force exerted by the protective body on the occupant.
  • the lower limb restraint device when the above structure is adopted, when the vehicle collides head-on, the lower limb restraint device can restrain the occupant's knees and the upper part of the calf, relieve the submergence phenomenon under the support of the thigh, and absorb The kinetic energy of the occupant improves the restraint position of the seat belt on the occupant, thereby reducing the occupant's injury.
  • the car seat lacks protection for the lower limbs of the occupant during the collision process, which is conducive to reducing the collision damage of the main organs of the human body, such as the head, neck, chest, spine and internal organs, and improving the comfort of driving and security.
  • the two adjustment bodies can coordinate with each other during the collision to adjust the dynamics of the protection body, so as to avoid the relative sliding between the protection body and the occupant's lower limbs when restraining the occupant's lower limbs, which is beneficial to reduce the impact on the occupant's patella or occupant when the protection body produces lateral sliding. Knees cause abrasions.
  • the protection body may include a first connection part, a protection part and a second connection part connected in sequence, and the first connection part and the second connection part can be respectively connected to the two adjustment bodies,
  • the protective portion is configured to abut against the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the first connecting part and the second connecting part on both sides of the protecting part can independently adjust the protecting part, and at the same time, the protecting part is not in contact with the vehicle.
  • the seat is in contact, that is, it is not restricted by the car seat, which is beneficial to make the posture adjustment of the protective part more flexible, helps to avoid the relative sliding of the protective part and the lower limbs of the occupant when restraining the lower limbs of the occupant, and is conducive to reducing the lateral movement of the protective part. Abrasion to the patella or knee when sliding.
  • the adjustment body may include a telescopic mechanism capable of changing the amount of elongation, and the telescopic mechanism is configured to be fixedly connected to the car seat with one end of the telescopic mechanism, and The end is connected to the protective body.
  • the telescopic mechanism can change the telescopic amount of the telescopic end so that the lower limb restraint device can meet the needs of occupants of different sizes.
  • the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism stops extending so as to constrain the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the thighs can be more restrained, which can reduce the damage to other important parts of the body, such as the abdomen, spine, etc., improve the safety of driving and reduce the occurrence of submersion of the occupants, thus Reduced damage to crew.
  • the retractable mechanism may include a retractable part and an adjustment belt, the retractable part is configured to be fixedly installed on the car seat, and the adjustment belt is configured to be wound around one end of the adjustment belt and the other end of the adjustment belt extends out of the storage part and connects with the protective body, by changing the elongation of the adjustment belt, the protective body can be adjusted to the occupant The magnitude of the binding force applied.
  • the size of the restraining force exerted by the protective body on the occupant caused by the telescopic mechanism can be changed by changing the elongation of the extended end of the adjustment belt.
  • Such a mechanism is simple and efficient, and enables the regulating body to have a constraint regulating function that meets actual use requirements.
  • the adjustment body may further include a locking mechanism, the locking mechanism is arranged in the retractable portion and can act on the adjustment belt to stop the extension of the adjustment belt.
  • the adjustment body may further include a force-limiting mechanism, which is arranged in the retractable portion and can act on the adjustment belt, and the force-limiting mechanism is configured so that when the adjustment belt is When the value of the applied force is greater than the set value of the force limiting mechanism, deformation or movement occurs, so that the restraining force exerted by the protective body on the occupant remains at the set restraining force value.
  • a force-limiting mechanism which is arranged in the retractable portion and can act on the adjustment belt, and the force-limiting mechanism is configured so that when the adjustment belt is When the value of the applied force is greater than the set value of the force limiting mechanism, deformation or movement occurs, so that the restraining force exerted by the protective body on the occupant remains at the set restraining force value.
  • the adjustment body may further include a pre-tension mechanism, which is arranged in the retractable portion and can act on the adjustment belt, so that the gap between the protection body and the occupant's lower limbs With preload.
  • a pre-tension mechanism which is arranged in the retractable portion and can act on the adjustment belt, so that the gap between the protection body and the occupant's lower limbs With preload.
  • the design of the pre-tightening mechanism, locking mechanism and force-limiting structure not only enables the protective body to constrain the lower limbs of the occupant during the vehicle collision process, but also timely
  • the magnitude of the imposed restraint force is adjusted to prevent the magnitude of the imposed restraint force from exceeding the tolerance value of the human body, so as to protect the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the adjusting body may further include a first connecting body, the protective body has a second connecting body on the end of the protective body, and the first connecting body is configured to connect with the first One end of the first connecting body is fixedly connected with the adjusting belt, and the other end of the first connecting body is connected with the second connecting body.
  • the adjustment body and the protective body are connected in the form of the first connecting body and the second connecting body, which can bring convenience to passengers when wearing the lower limb restraint device, and is beneficial to Realize the quick connection between the adjusting body and the protective body.
  • the first connecting body can be configured as a lock body and sewed on the protruding end of the corresponding adjustment belt
  • the second connecting body can be configured as a locking piece and sewed on two sides of the protective body respectively. at the end.
  • the telescoping mechanism can be configured as an elastic member, and a fixed end and a slot end are respectively provided on both ends of the elastic member, and the fixed end is configured to be fixedly connected to the car seat, The clamping groove end is configured to be clamped with the protective body.
  • the protective body can be configured to cover the occupant's knees and lower legs on the side facing the occupant, so as to restrain the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the lower limb restraint device can restrain the lower limbs/knees of the occupant in this position to allow the thighs to bear more constraints, thereby reducing the impact on other important parts of the body, such as Injuries to the abdomen, spine and other parts can be avoided, thereby improving the safety of driving.
  • the protective body can be provided with a liner on the side facing the occupant, the material of the liner is a flexible material, and the liner is constructed so that one side of the liner is connected to the The protective body is fixedly connected and abuts against the occupant's lower limbs with the other side of the pad.
  • the protective body in the case of adopting the above-mentioned structural form, can form the profiling three-dimensional shape of the knee and the upper part of the calf through its internal foaming or foam material as a pad in the knee contact area, so as to improve The comfort of the occupant when using it can better restrain the knee and lower leg, and reduce the amount of knee slippage.
  • a car seat characterized in that the car seat adopts the aforementioned lower limb restraint device for a car seat.
  • a lower limb restraint device is provided on the car seat.
  • the lower limb restraint device can restrain the occupant's knees and the upper part of the calf. Under the circumstances, it can alleviate the submergence phenomenon, absorb the kinetic energy of the occupant, improve the restraint position of the seat belt on the occupant, thereby reducing the injury to the occupant.
  • the car seat lacks protection for the lower limbs of the occupant during the collision process, which is conducive to reducing the collision damage of the main organs of the human body, such as the head, neck, chest, spine and internal organs, and improving the comfort of driving and security.
  • the lower limb restraint device can also be applied in future automatic driving or unmanned driving scenarios, in which the occupant is protected during a collision.
  • the inclination angle of the seat back of the car seat can be adjusted correspondingly to the following occupant sitting posture:
  • the seat back has a first angle of no more than 25° relative to the upright position in the normal driving position; and a second angle of 40° to 50° relative to the upright position in the working position of the seat back ; In the casual sitting position, the seat back has a third angle of more than 50° relative to the upright position.
  • the lower limb restraint device can be configured to restrain the occupant's knees and upper calves when the vehicle is in a frontal collision in the working or leisure sitting posture, and relieve the lower limbs under the support of the thighs. latent phenomena and absorb the kinetic energy of the occupants.
  • the positive progressive effects of the present invention may lie in:
  • the lower limb restraint device When the vehicle has a frontal collision, the lower limb restraint device will restrain the occupant's knees and upper calves. With the support of the thigh, it can alleviate the phenomenon of submersion, absorb the kinetic energy of the occupant, and improve the restraint position of the occupant by the seat belt. Thereby reducing occupant injury. As a result, it effectively solves the problem that the car seat lacks protection for the occupant's lower limbs during the collision process, which is conducive to reducing the collision damage of the main organs of the human body, such as the head, neck, chest, spine and internal organs, and improving the comfort of driving. and security.
  • the two adjusting bodies can coordinate with each other during the collision to adjust the dynamics of the protective body, avoiding the relative sliding between the protective body and the occupant's lower limbs when restraining the occupant's lower limbs, thereby reducing the impact on the occupant's patella when the protective body slides laterally. or knee chafing.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a car seat according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower limb restraint device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the lower limb restraint device 1 for a car seat 2.
  • the lower limb restraint device 1 includes a protective body 11 and two adjustment bodies 12.
  • One side of the occupant abuts against the lower limbs of the occupant, and the two ends of the protective body 11 are respectively connected to the car seat 2 on both sides of the car seat 2 through the adjustment body 12, so that the protective body 11 constrains the movement of the occupant
  • the adjustment body 12 is respectively arranged on the both sides of the car seat 2, and the adjustment body 12 is configured such that one end of the adjustment body 12 is connected with the protective body 11, and the adjustment body 12 The other end is fixedly connected with the car seat 2, and the adjusting body 12 is used to adjust the restraining force exerted by the protective body 11 on the occupant.
  • FIG. 1 shows that when the occupant is in a casual sitting position, the lower limb restraint device 1 can restrain the occupant's knees and upper calves.
  • the lower limb restraint 1 can also be designed to restrain the occupant's knees and upper lower legs when the occupant is in the working sitting position.
  • the protective body 11 adopts the profiling structure of the knee and the upper part of the calf of the human body, the protective body 11 straddles the occupant's lower limbs, and the protective body 11 is on the side facing the occupant and the position of the occupant's knee and upper calf.
  • the two ends of the protective body 11 are respectively fixedly connected with the adjusting body 12 installed on both sides of the car seat 2 (in the width direction of the car seat), wherein one end of the adjusting body 12 is fixedly connected with the car seat 2,
  • the other end of the adjustment body 12 is detachably connected to the end of the protection body 11 through a lock.
  • the two adjusting bodies 12 have an adjusting function.
  • the two adjusting bodies 12 can adjust the size of the restraining force exerted on the occupants according to the actual use conditions, and at the same time, under the independent and coordinated action of the two adjusting bodies 12, the protective body 11 can follow the vehicle when a vehicle collision occurs.
  • the occupant's lower limbs move, and keep the protective body 11 and the occupant's lower limbs relatively static all the time.
  • the restraint device 1 can restrain the occupant's knees and upper calves. Under the support of the thigh, the submergence phenomenon can be alleviated, the kinetic energy of the occupant can be absorbed, and the restraint position of the occupant by the seat belt can be improved, thereby reducing the occupant's injury.
  • the car seat 2 effectively solves the problem of lack of protection for the occupant's lower limbs during the collision process, which is conducive to reducing the collision damage of the main organs of the human body, such as the head, neck, chest, spine and internal organs, and improving driving comfort. sex and safety.
  • the two adjustment bodies 12 can coordinate with each other during the collision to adjust the dynamics of the protective body 11, avoiding the relative sliding between the protective body 11 and the occupant's lower limbs when the occupant's lower limbs are restrained, which is beneficial to reduce the lateral sliding of the protective body 11. Abrasions to the occupant's patella or knee.
  • the protective body 11 can include a first connection part, a protection part and a second connection part connected in sequence, and the first connection part and the second connection part can be respectively connected with
  • the two adjustment bodies 12 are connected, and the protective part is configured to abut against the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the protection body 11 is composed of a first connection part, a protection part and a second connection part connected in succession, wherein the protection part is configured to abut against the lower limbs of the occupant.
  • the ends of the first connecting part and the second connecting part away from the protective part are snapped to the adjustment bodies 12 on both sides of the car seat 2, so that the protective body 11 surrounds and wraps the occupant's lower limbs, while the protective part only passes through
  • the first connecting part and the second connecting part are fixed and do not contact with the car seat 2 .
  • the first connection part and the second connection part on both sides of the protection part can independently adjust the protection part, and at the same time the protection part is not in contact with the car seat 2, that is, it is not affected by the car seat 2.
  • the adjusting body 12 can include a telescopic mechanism 121 capable of changing the amount of elongation, one end of the telescopic mechanism 121 is fixedly connected with the car seat 2, and the extension of the telescopic mechanism 121 The end is connected with the protective body 11.
  • the adjusting body 12 can include a telescopic mechanism 121, one end of the telescopic mechanism 121 is fixedly connected with the car seat 2, and the telescopic end at the other end of the telescopic mechanism 121 is detachably connected with the protective body 11 through a lock.
  • the amount of expansion and contraction is used to adjust the size of the restraining force exerted by the protective body 11 on the occupant.
  • the telescopic mechanism 121 can change the telescopic amount of the telescopic end so that the lower limb restraint device 1 can be used by occupants of different sizes.
  • the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism 121 stops extending, so as to constrain the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the thighs can be more restrained, which can reduce the damage to other important parts of the body, such as the abdomen, spine, etc., improve the safety of driving and reduce the occurrence of submersion of the occupants, thus Reduced damage to crew.
  • the retractable mechanism 121 may include a retractable portion 1211 and an adjustment belt 1212, the retractable portion 1211 is fixedly installed on the car seat 2, and one end of the adjustment belt 1212 is wound around the In the retractable portion 1211, the other end of the adjustment belt 1212 extends out of the retractable portion 1211 and is connected to the protective body 11, and the size of the restraint imposed by the protective body 11 on the occupant can be adjusted by changing the elongation of the adjustable belt 1212;
  • the telescoping mechanism 121 can be configured as an elastic member, and the two ends of the elastic member are respectively provided with a fixed end and a slot end, the fixed end is configured to be fixedly connected with the car seat 2, and the slot end is configured to be used for It is clamped with the protective body 11.
  • the telescopic mechanism 121 adopts a retractable part 1211 and an adjustment belt 1212, the retractable part 1211 is fixedly connected with the car seat 2, one end of the adjustment belt 1212 is wound in the retractable part 1211, and the other end of the adjustment belt 1212 One end is the extension end, and the extension end is detachably connected with the protective body 11 through a lock buckle.
  • the adjustment belt 1212 can be a safety belt, and the retractable part 1211 changes the elongation of the extension end of the adjustment belt 1212 to be changed by the telescopic mechanism 121. The size of the restraining force exerted by the protective body 11 on the occupant caused.
  • the telescoping mechanism 121 adopts an elastic member, one end of the elastic member is fixedly connected with the car seat 2 , and the other end of the elastic member is detachably connected with the protective body 11 through a lock. Under the action of force, the elastic member adjusts the size of the restraining force exerted by the protective body 11 on the occupant through elastic deformation.
  • Such a mechanism is simple and efficient, and enables the adjustment body 12 to have a constraint adjustment function that meets actual usage requirements.
  • the adjustment body 12 may further include a pre-tension mechanism, which is arranged in the retractable portion 1211 and acts on the adjustment belt 1212, so that the protection body 11 and There is preload between the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the adjustment body 12 also includes a locking mechanism, which is disposed in the retractable portion 1211 and acts on the adjustment belt 1212 to stop the adjustment belt 1212 from elongating.
  • the adjusting body 12 may further include a force limiting mechanism, which is arranged in the retractable portion 1211 and acts on the adjusting belt 1212 .
  • the force limiting mechanism deforms or moves, so that the restraining force exerted by the protective body 11 on the occupant remains at the set restraining force value.
  • a pre-tightening mechanism, a locking mechanism and a force limiting mechanism may be installed in the retractable portion 1211 .
  • the pre-tightening mechanism acts on the adjustment belt 1212, so that there is a pre-tightening force between the protective body 11 and the occupant's lower limbs, and the pre-tightening force makes the protective body 11 close to the occupant's Lower limbs, and form a certain restraint on the occupant's knees before the vehicle crashes.
  • the locking mechanism acts on the adjustment belt 1212. In an emergency, the adjustment belt 1212 will be pulled out quickly.
  • the locking mechanism will lock the adjustment belt 1212, so that the protective body 11 is opposite to the occupant.
  • the knee and the upper part of the calf are restrained.
  • a force limiting mechanism is also provided in the receiving portion 1211 .
  • the force limiting mechanism absorbs the collision kinetic energy of the occupant's lower limbs
  • the force limiting mechanisms in the adjustment body 12 on both sides of the occupant will work separately to ensure that the occupant's thigh fracture or patella contusion will not be caused due to excessive restraint.
  • the design of the pre-tightening mechanism, locking mechanism and force-limiting structure not only enables the protective body 11 to constrain the occupant's lower limbs during the vehicle collision, but also can timely adjust the size of the restraining force applied to the occupant, thereby preventing the occupant from The size of the binding force exceeds the tolerance value of the human body, so as to protect the lower limbs of the occupant.
  • the regulating body 12 may further include a first connecting body 122, the end of the protective body 11 has a second connecting body 111, and one end of the first connecting body 122 is connected to the first connecting body 122.
  • the adjustment belt 1212 is fixedly connected, and the other end of the first connecting body 122 is connected with the second connecting body 111 .
  • a first connecting body 122 is sewn on the extending end of the adjusting belt 1212 on the adjusting body 12, and the first connecting body 122 is a lock body.
  • Second connecting bodies 111 are sewn at the ends of the protective body 11 respectively, and the second connecting bodies 111 are locking pieces.
  • the lock body and locking plate can interact in a similar way to a seat belt buckle. After the occupant puts the protective body 11 against the lower limbs, the second connecting body 111 on the protective body 11 can be clipped into the first connecting body 122 .
  • one end of the protective body 11 can be engaged with the lock body connected to the adjustment belt 1212 through a sewn locking piece, while the other end of the protective body 11 is directly sewn with the end of the adjustment belt 1212. form.
  • the adjusting body 12 and the protective body 11 By connecting the adjusting body 12 and the protective body 11 in the form of the first connecting body 122 and the second connecting body 111, it can bring convenience to passengers when wearing the lower limb restraint device 1, thereby facilitating the realization of the adjustment body 12 and the protective body. 11 quick connections.
  • the protective body 11 covers the occupant's knees and lower legs on the side facing the occupant, so as to restrain the occupant's lower limbs.
  • the lower limb restraint device 1 can cover the occupant's knee and the upper part of the calf, and the occupant's knee and calf can move freely within a certain range.
  • the lower limb restraint device 1 can restrain the occupant's lower limbs/knees in this position to allow the thighs to bear more constraints, thereby reducing injuries to other important parts of the body, such as the abdomen, spine, etc. Improve driving safety.
  • the protective body 11 is provided with a liner on the side facing the occupant, the material of the liner is a flexible material, and one side of the liner is fixed to the protective body 11 connected, the other side of the pad rests against the lower body of the occupant.
  • the protective body 11 can be in contact with the occupant's knee and the upper part of the calf.
  • the body 11 is provided with a liner at the position in contact with the knee of the human body, and the liner is made of a soft material, such as a fabric or a foam material added inside the fabric by the fabricator.
  • the protective body 11 narrows at the second connecting body 111 , and gradually widens at the knees and lower legs, thereby increasing the force bearing area and reducing damage to the human body.
  • the protective body 11 can use its internal foaming or foam material as a pad in the knee contact area to form a profiling three-dimensional shape on the knee and the upper part of the calf, so as to improve the comfort of the occupant when using it, and can better restrain the knee. lower leg, reducing knee slippage.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a car seat 2 , as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the car seat 2 adopts the aforementioned lower limb restraint device 1 for the car seat 2 .
  • a lower limb restraint device 1 is provided on a vehicle seat 2 .
  • the lower limb restraint device 1 can restrain the occupant's knees and the upper part of the lower leg. Under the support of the thigh, it can alleviate the phenomenon of submersion, absorb the kinetic energy of the occupant, and improve the restraint position of the occupant by the seat belt. , thereby reducing occupant damage.
  • the car seat 2 effectively solves the problem of lack of protection for the occupant's lower limbs during the collision process, which is conducive to reducing the collision damage of the main organs of the human body, such as the head, neck, chest, spine and internal organs, and improving driving comfort. sex and safety.
  • the lower limb restraint device can also be applied in future automatic driving or unmanned driving scenarios, in which the occupant is protected during a collision.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种汽车座椅（2）和一种用于汽车座椅（2）的下肢约束装置（1），下肢约束装置（1）包括防护体（11）和两个调节体（12），防护体（11）朝向乘员的一侧与乘员的下肢相抵靠，并且防护体（11）的两端分别通过调节体（12）在汽车座椅（2）的两侧与汽车座椅（2）对应连接，以使防护体（11）对乘员的运动进行约束并能够与乘员的下肢保持相对静止，调节体（12）分别设于汽车座椅（2）的两侧，调节体（12）的一端与防护体（11）连接，调节体（12）的另一端与汽车座椅（2）固定连接，调节体（12）用于调整防护体（11）对乘员所施加的约束力的大小。当车辆发生正面碰撞时，下肢约束装置（1）可对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，缓解下潜现象的出现，同时两个调节体（12）可以相互协调，以避免防护体（11）在约束乘员下肢时与乘员下肢产生相对滑动。

Description

汽车座椅和用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车座椅和一种用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置。
背景技术
目前在本技术领域中，汽车座椅的座椅靠背在正常使用时根据乘员的乘坐习惯进行调整。在现有安全法规试验中，座椅靠背可以调整到设计位置(一般相对于竖直位置为25度左右)，利用碰撞假人进行试验，对碰撞假人进行伤害评价。在真实世界里，在实际的碰撞过程中，座椅靠背不一定调整在设计位置上，例如相对于竖直位置为45度，乘员可以将座椅靠背调节到甚至相对于竖直位置为60度，以进行休息，如果此时发生正面碰撞，由于乘员躺在或半躺在座椅上，整个躯干因惯性力而更易沿座椅靠背及座椅座盆向前滑动。由于下肢的质量占人体的总质量的约34％左右，在发生正面碰撞时，例如在50KPH刚性墙正面碰撞时，如果没有有效的脚部支撑或车内饰件的膝部支撑，下肢的惯性力将十分巨大，会产生6～9kN的牵引力，该牵引力牵引乘员的盆骨及躯干，极易导致下潜现象，最终导致伤害风险增加。
同时，随着汽车智能化、自动驾驶或无人驾驶技术的发展，部分解放或完全解放车内驾驶人员对驾驶过程的关注，车内的驾驶员、尤其副驾侧的乘员将有更多可能的坐姿。一般可以归纳出三种坐姿，1)正常驾乘坐姿，2)工作坐姿，3)休闲坐姿。具体地，在正常驾乘坐姿中，乘员可以完全关注车辆的行驶状况。座椅靠背的设计位置一般为25度左右。在工作坐姿中，乘员可以不关注车辆行驶状况，可以在车辆内进行工作或娱乐，座椅靠背可以调节到相对于竖直位置为45度左右。在休闲坐姿中，乘员可以彻底不关注车辆行驶，可以闭眼休息，座椅靠背可以调节到相对于竖直位置为60度、甚至更大角度。
所以，当发生不可避免的碰撞时，现有技术或传统汽车安全约束系统很难保护处于工作坐姿、休闲坐姿的乘员，甚至还会使得乘员受到的伤害更为严重。因为目前现有的碰撞安全技术方案是仅针对于乘员处于正常驾乘位置或根据座椅的设计位置而进行的碰撞安全伤害评价的。在工作坐姿或休闲坐姿下(半躺或全躺坐姿)，在车辆发生正面碰撞时，乘 员躯干因惯性而沿着座椅靠背向下滑动，在下肢惯性力的牵动下，更易发生下潜现象。不同于传统的安全带及约束系统约束方向，研究表明，如果在工作坐姿或休闲坐姿下发生碰撞，对髂骨、腹部及脏器、尾椎等会造成严重的伤害。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，为了克服现有技术中的汽车座椅在碰撞过程中对乘员下肢缺乏保护的缺陷，提供一种汽车座椅和一种用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特点在于，所述下肢约束装置包括防护体和两个调节体，所述防护体构造成，在朝向乘员的一侧与所述乘员的下肢相抵靠，并且所述防护体的两端分别通过所述调节体在所述汽车座椅的两侧与所述汽车座椅对应连接，以使所述防护体对所述乘员的运动进行约束并能够与所述乘员的下肢保持相对静止，所述调节体分别设于所述汽车座椅的两侧，所述调节体构造成，以所述调节体的一端与所述防护体连接，并且以所述调节体的另一端与所述汽车座椅固定连接，所述调节体用于调整所述防护体对所述乘员所施加的约束力的大小。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，当车辆发生正面碰撞时，下肢约束装置可对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，在利用大腿的支撑的情况下缓解下潜现象，并吸收乘员的动能，改善安全带对乘员的约束位置，从而降低乘员的伤害。由此，有效解决了汽车座椅在碰撞过程中对乘员下肢缺乏保护的问题，有利于降低人体主要器官，如头、颈、胸、脊柱及脏器的碰撞伤害，并提高驾乘的舒适性和安全性。同时两个调节体在碰撞过程中可以相互协调以对防护体的动态进行调节，从而避免防护体在约束乘员下肢时与乘员下肢产生相对滑动，有利于降低防护体产生横向滑动时对乘员髌骨或膝盖造成擦伤。
较佳地，所述防护体可以包括依次连接的第一连接部、防护部和第二连接部，所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部能分别与两个所述调节体连接，所述防护部构造成，与所述乘员的下肢相抵靠。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，在车辆发生碰撞时，在防护部两侧的第一连接部和第二连接部可以独立地对防护部进行调节，同时防护部不与汽车座椅相接触， 即不受汽车座椅限制，从而有利于使防护部的姿态调节更加灵活，有利于避免防护部在约束乘员下肢时与乘员下肢产生相对滑动，有利于降低在防护部产生横向滑动时对髌骨或膝盖造成擦伤。
较佳地，所述调节体可以包括能改变伸长量的伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构构造成，以所述伸缩机构的一端与所述汽车座椅固定连接，并且以所述伸缩机构的延伸端与所述防护体连接。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，在正常状态下，伸缩机构可以通过改变伸缩端的伸缩量以使得下肢约束装置能满足不同身材乘员的使用。在车辆碰撞状态下，伸缩机构的伸缩端停止延伸，以对乘员的下肢进行约束。通过对下肢/膝部的约束，可以让大腿承受更多的约束，从而可以减少对身体其他重要部位、如腹部、脊柱等的伤害，提高驾乘的安全性，减少乘员发生下潜现象，从而降低对乘员的伤害。
较佳地，所述伸缩机构可以包括收放部和调节带，所述收放部构造成用于固定安装于所述汽车座椅，所述调节带构造成，以所述调节带的一端缠绕于所述收放部内，并且所述调节带的另一端延伸出所述收放部并与所述防护体连接，通过改变所述调节带的伸长量能调整所述防护体对所述乘员所施加的约束力的大小。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，可以通过改变调节带伸出端的伸长量来改变由伸缩机构所引起的防护体对乘员施加的约束力的大小。这样的机构形式简单高效，并使得调节体具有满足实际使用需求的约束调节功能。
较佳地，所述调节体可以还包括锁紧机构，所述锁紧机构设置于所述收放部内并能作用于所述调节带，以使所述调节带停止伸长。
较佳地，所述调节体可以还包括限力机构，所述限力机构设置于所述收放部内并能作用于所述调节带，所述限力机构构造成，当所述调节带上受到的作用力的值大于所述限力机构的设定值时，发生形变或运动，以使所述防护体对所述乘员所施加的约束力的大小保持在设定的约束力值。
较佳地，所述调节体可以还包括预紧机构，所述预紧机构设置于所述收放部内并能作用于所述调节带，以使所述防护体与所述乘员的下肢之间具有预紧力。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，预紧机构、锁紧机构和限力结构的设计 不仅使得防护体能够在车辆碰撞过程中对乘员下肢形成约束，而且也能够及时对乘员所施加的约束力的大小进行调节，防止所施加的约束力的大小超过人体的承受值，以对乘员的下肢形成保护。
较佳地，所述调节体可以还包括第一连接体，所述防护体在所述防护体的端部上具有第二连接体，所述第一连接体构造成，以所述第一连接体的一端与所述调节带固定连接，并且以所述第一连接体的另一端与所述第二连接体连接。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，调节体与防护体采用第一连接体、第二连接体的形式进行连接，从而可以为乘客在佩戴下肢约束装置时带来便利，有利于实现调节体与防护体的快速连接。
较佳地，所述第一连接体可以构造为锁体并且缝制在相应的调节带的伸出端处，所述第二连接体可以构造为锁片并且分别缝制在防护体的两个端部处。
较佳地，所述伸缩机构可以构造为弹性件，在所述弹性件的两端上分别设有固定端和卡槽端，所述固定端构造成用于与所述汽车座椅固定连接，所述卡槽端构造成用于与所述防护体相卡接。
较佳地，所述防护体可以构造成，在朝向所述乘员的一侧覆盖于所述乘员的膝部及小腿上部，以对所述乘员的下肢进行约束。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，下肢约束装置在此位置下可以通过对乘员下肢/膝部的约束来让大腿承受更多的约束，从而可以减少对身体其他重要部位、如腹部、脊柱等部位的伤害，由此提高驾乘的安全性。
较佳地，所述防护体可以在朝向所述乘员的一侧设有衬垫，所述衬垫的材料为柔性材质，所述衬垫构造成，以所述衬垫的一侧与所述防护体固定连接，并且以所述衬垫的另一侧抵靠于所述乘员的下肢。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，防护体可以在膝部接触区域中通过其内部发泡或泡沫材料作为衬垫来形成膝部及小腿上部的仿形的立体形状，以提高乘员使用时的舒适性，并能更好地约束膝部及小腿，降低膝部滑移量。
一种汽车座椅，其特点在于，所述汽车座椅采用上述所述用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置。
在本方案中，在采用上述结构形式的情况下，汽车座椅上设有下肢约束装置，当车辆发生正面碰撞时，下肢约束装置可对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，在利用大腿的支撑的情况下，缓解下潜现象，并吸收乘员的动能，改善安全带对乘员的约束位置，从而降低对乘员的伤害。由此，有效解决了汽车座椅在碰撞过程中对乘员下肢缺乏保护的问题，有利于降低人体主要器官，如头、颈、胸、脊柱及脏器的碰撞伤害，并提高驾乘的舒适性和安全性。同时下肢约束装置也可应用于未来的自动驾驶或无人驾驶场景下，其中，在碰撞过程中对乘员形成保护。
较佳地，所述汽车座椅的座椅靠背的倾角能与以下乘员坐姿相对应地调节：
-正常驾乘坐姿；
-工作坐姿；
-休闲坐姿。
较佳地，在正常驾乘坐姿中，座椅靠背具有相对于直立位置不超过25°的第一角度；在工作坐姿中，座椅靠背具有相对于直立位置40°至50°的第二角度；在休闲坐姿中，座椅靠背具有相对于直立位置超过50°的第三角度。
较佳地，所述下肢约束装置可以构造成，在工作坐姿中或在休闲坐姿中，车辆发生正面碰撞时，对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，在利用大腿的支撑的情况下，缓解下潜现象，并吸收乘员的动能。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
在一些实施方式中，本发明的积极进步效果可以在于：
当车辆发生正面碰撞时，下肢约束装置将对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，在利用大腿的支撑的情况下，缓解下潜现象，并吸收乘员的动能，改善安全带对乘员的约束位置，从而降低乘员的伤害。由此，有效解决了汽车座椅在碰撞过程中对乘员下肢缺乏保护的问题，有利于降低人体主要器官、如头、颈、胸、脊柱及脏器的碰撞伤害，并提高驾乘的舒适性和安全性。同时两个调节体在碰撞过程中可以相互协调以对防护体的动态进行调节，避免防护体在约束乘员下肢时与乘员下肢产生相对滑动，从而有利于降低在防护体产生横向滑动时对乘员髌骨或膝盖造成擦伤。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的汽车座椅的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的下肢约束装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式并结合附图来更清楚完整地说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在实施例的范围之中。
本发明实施例提供一种用于汽车座椅2的下肢约束装置1，如图1和2所示，下肢约束装置1包括防护体11和两个调节体12，防护体11构造成，在朝向乘员的一侧与乘员的下肢相抵靠，并且防护体11的两端分别通过调节体12在汽车座椅2的两侧与汽车座椅2对应连接，以使防护体11对乘员的运动进行约束并能够与乘员的下肢保持相对静止，调节体12分别设于汽车座椅2的两侧，所述调节体12构造成，以调节体12的一端与防护体11连接，并且以调节体12的另一端与汽车座椅2固定连接，调节体12用于调整防护体11对乘员所施加的约束力的大小。在图1中示出在乘员处于休闲坐姿中时，下肢约束装置1可以对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束。在未示出的实施例中，下肢约束装置1也可以构造成，在乘员处于工作坐姿中时对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束。
在采用上述结构形式的情况下，防护体11采用人体膝部及小腿上部的仿形结构，防护体11跨过乘员下肢，防护体11在朝向乘员的一侧与乘员的膝部及小腿上部位置相抵靠，防护体11的两端分别与安装于汽车座椅2(在汽车座椅的宽度方向上)两侧的调节体12固定连接，其中，调节体12一端与汽车座椅2固定连接，调节体12的另一端通过锁扣与防护体11的端部可拆卸地连接。这两个调节体12具有调节功能。这两个调节体12可根据实际使用情况对施加在乘员上的约束力的大小进行调整，同时在两个调节体12独立并协调配合的作用下，可以使防护体11在发生车辆碰撞时跟随乘员的下肢运动，并保持防护体11始终与成员的下肢保持相对静止。
当车辆发生正面碰撞时，乘员躯干因惯性可沿着座椅靠背向下滑动，在下肢惯性力的牵动下，易发生下潜现象，本发明通过上述结构形式使得在车辆发生正面碰撞时，下肢约束装置1可对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，在利用大腿的支撑的情况下，缓解下潜现象， 并吸收乘员的动能，改善安全带对乘员的约束位置，从而降低乘员的伤害。由此，有效解决了汽车座椅2在碰撞过程中对乘员下肢缺乏保护的问题，有利于降低人体主要器官、如头、颈、胸、脊柱及脏器的碰撞伤害，并提高驾乘的舒适性和安全性。同时两个调节体12在碰撞过程中可以相互协调以对防护体11的动态进行调节，避免防护体11在约束乘员下肢时与乘员下肢产生相对滑动，有利于降低在防护体11产生横向滑动时对乘员髌骨或膝盖造成擦伤。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，如图1和2所示，防护体11可以包括依次连接的第一连接部、防护部和第二连接部，第一连接部和第二连接部能分别与两个调节体12连接，防护部构造成，与乘员的下肢相抵靠。
防护体11由依次连接的第一连接部、防护部和第二连接部构成，其中防护部构造成，与乘员的下肢相抵靠。第一连接部和第二连接部上的远离防护部的一端分别卡接到汽车座椅2两侧的调节体12上，以使防护体11环绕并包覆乘员的下肢，同时防护部仅通过第一连接部和第二连接部进行固定，不与汽车座椅2相接触。在车辆发生碰撞时，在防护部两侧的第一连接部和第二连接部可以独立地对防护部进行调节，同时防护部不与汽车座椅2相接触，即不受汽车座椅2的限制，从而有利于使防护部的姿态调节更加灵活，有利于避免防护部在约束乘员下肢时与乘员下肢产生相对滑动，有利于降低在防护部产生横向滑动时对髌骨或膝盖造成擦伤。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，如图1和2所示，调节体12可以包括能改变伸长量的伸缩机构121，伸缩机构121的一端与汽车座椅2固定连接，伸缩机构121的延伸端与防护体11连接。
调节体12可以包括伸缩机构121，伸缩机构121一端与汽车座椅2固定连接，在伸缩机构121的另一端处的伸缩端通过锁扣与防护体11可拆卸地连接，伸缩机构121通过改变其伸缩量来调节防护体11对乘员所施加约束力的大小。在正常状态下，伸缩机构121可以通过改变伸缩端的伸缩量，以使得下肢约束装置1能满足不同身材乘员的使用。在车辆碰撞状态下，伸缩机构121的伸缩端停止延伸，以对乘员的下肢进行约束。通过对下肢/膝部的约束，可以让大腿承受更多的约束，从而可以减少对身体其他重要部位、如腹部、脊柱等的伤害，提高驾乘的安全性，减少乘员发生下潜现象，从而降低对乘员的伤害。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，如图1和2所示，伸缩机构121可以包括收放部1211和调节带1212，收放部1211固定安装于汽车座椅2，调节带1212的一端缠绕于收放部1211内，调节带1212的另一端延伸出收放部1211并与防护体11连接，通过改变调节带1212的伸长量能调整防护体11对乘员所施加约束的大小；在其他实施方式中，伸缩机构121可以构造为弹性件，在弹性件的两端上分别设有固定端和卡槽端，固定端构造成用于与汽车座椅2固定连接，卡槽端构造成用于与防护体11相卡接。
在一种实施例中，伸缩机构121采用收放部1211和调节带1212，收放部1211与汽车座椅2固定连接，调节带1212的一端缠绕于收放部1211内，调节带1212的另一端为伸出端，伸出端与防护体11通过锁扣可拆卸地连接，调节带1212可选用安全带，收放部1211通过改变调节带1212伸出端的伸长量来改变由伸缩机构121引起的防护体11对乘员施加的约束力的大小。在其它实施例中，伸缩机构121采用弹性件，弹性件的一端与汽车座椅2固定连接，弹性件的另一端与防护体11通过锁扣可拆卸地连接。在受力作用下，弹性件通过弹性形变来调节防护体11对乘员所施加的约束力的大小。这样的机构形式简单高效，并使得调节体12具有满足实际使用需求的约束调节功能。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，如图1和2所示，调节体12可以还包括预紧机构，预紧机构设置于收放部1211内并作用于调节带1212，以使防护体11与乘员的下肢之间具有预紧力。调节体12还包括锁紧机构，锁紧机构设置于收放部1211内并作用于调节带1212，以使调节带1212停止伸长。调节体12可以还包括限力机构，限力机构设置于收放部1211内并作用于调节带1212。当调节带1212上受到的作用力的值大于限力机构的设定值时，限力机构发生形变或运动，以使防护体11对乘员所施加的约束力的大小保持在设定的约束力值。
在收放部1211中可以安装有预紧机构、锁紧机构和限力机构。当乘员将防护体11抵靠于下肢时，预紧机构作用于调节带1212，以使防护体11与乘员的下肢之间具有预紧力，该预紧力使得防护体11紧靠于乘员的下肢，并在车辆碰撞前对乘员膝部形成一定的约束。当车辆发生正面碰撞时，锁紧机构作用于调节带1212，在紧急情况下调节带1212会被快速拉出，此时锁紧机构会对调节带1212进行锁止，以使防护体11对乘员的膝部及小腿上部进行约束。在收放部1211内还设有限力机构。当在汽车碰撞过程中，防护体11对乘员 下肢施加的力突然增大并超过设定值时，限力机构会被触发，该限力机构会发生材料塑性变形或进行带阻运动，以进行吸能，从而使乘员的下肢稳定并持续地产生所设定的约束力。在限力机构吸收乘员下肢碰撞动能的同时，位于乘员两侧的调节体12内的限力机构会分别进行工作，以保证其不会因为约束力过大而导致乘员的大腿骨折或髌骨挫伤。预紧机构、锁紧机构和限力结构的设计不仅使得防护体11在车辆碰撞过程中对乘员下肢形成约束，同时也能够及时对施加在乘员上的约束力的大小进行调节，从而防止所施加的约束力的大小超过人体的承受值，以对乘员的下肢形成保护。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，如图1和2所示，调节体12可以还包括第一连接体122，防护体11的端部具有第二连接体111，第一连接体122的一端与调节带1212固定连接，第一连接体122的另一端与第二连接体111连接。
在调节体12上的调节带1212的伸出端处缝制有第一连接体122，第一连接体122为锁体。在防护体11两端的端部处分别缝制有第二连接体111，第二连接体111为锁片。锁体和锁片能以与安全带锁扣类似的作用原理相互作用。在乘员将防护体11抵靠于下肢后，可将防护体11上的第二连接体111卡接于第一连接体122内。在其它实施例中，可将防护体11的一端通过缝制的锁片与调节带1212上连接的锁体卡接，而防护体11的另一端采用直接与调节带1212端部进行缝制的形式。通过使调节体12与防护体11采用第一连接体122、第二连接体111的形式进行连接，可以为乘客在佩戴下肢约束装置1时带来便利，从而有利于实现调节体12与防护体11的快速连接。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，如图1和2所示，防护体11在朝向乘员的一侧覆盖于乘员的膝部及小腿上部，以对乘员的下肢进行约束。
在乘员佩戴好下约束装置后，下肢约束装置1可覆盖于乘员膝盖及小腿上部，同时乘员的膝部和小腿可以在一定范围内自由活动。在车辆发生碰撞时，下肢约束装置1在此位置下可以通过对乘员下肢/膝部的约束来让大腿承受更多的约束，从而可以减少身体其他重要部位、如腹部、脊柱等部位的伤害，提高驾乘的安全性。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，如图1和2所示，防护体11在朝向乘员的一侧设有衬垫，该衬垫的材料为柔性材质，衬垫的一侧与防护体11固定连接，衬垫的另一侧抵靠于乘员的下肢。
在乘员配戴好下肢约束装置1后，防护体11可与乘员膝部及小腿上部接触，为降低在受力情况下膝部滑移而导致膝部如髌骨的伤害，下肢约束装置1的防护体11在与人体膝部接触的位置处设有衬垫，该衬垫由柔软材料制成，如由织物或制成者在织物内部增加发泡材料等。同时防护体11在第二连接体111处收窄，而在膝部及小腿位置处逐渐加宽，从而增加受力面积，降低对人体的伤害。防护体11在膝部接触区域可以通过其内部发泡或泡沫材料作为衬垫，形成膝部及小腿上部的仿形的立体形状，以提高乘员使用时的舒适性，并能更好地约束膝部及小腿，降低膝部滑移量。
本发明实施例提供一种汽车座椅2，如图1和2所示，汽车座椅2采用上述用于汽车座椅2的下肢约束装置1。
在汽车座椅2上设有下肢约束装置1。当车辆发生正面碰撞时，下肢约束装置1可对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，在利用大腿的支撑的情况下，缓解下潜现象，并吸收乘员的动能，改善安全带对乘员的约束位置，从而降低乘员的伤害。由此，有效解决了汽车座椅2在碰撞过程中对乘员下肢缺乏保护的问题，有利于降低人体主要器官、如头、颈、胸、脊柱及脏器的碰撞伤害，并提高驾乘的舒适性和安全性。同时下肢约束装置也可应用于未来的自动驾驶或无人驾驶场景下，其中，在碰撞过程中对乘员形成保护。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。
附图标记列表：
1    下肢约束装置
11   防护体
111  第二连接体
12   调节体
121  伸缩机构
1211 收放部
1212 调节带
122  第一连接体
2    汽车座椅

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述下肢约束装置包括防护体和两个调节体，所述防护体构造成，在朝向乘员的一侧与所述乘员的下肢相抵靠，并且所述防护体的两端分别通过所述调节体在所述汽车座椅的两侧与所述汽车座椅对应连接，以使所述防护体对所述乘员的运动进行约束并能够与所述乘员的下肢保持相对静止，所述调节体分别设于所述汽车座椅的两侧，所述调节体构造成，以所述调节体的一端与所述防护体连接，并且以所述调节体的另一端与所述汽车座椅固定连接，所述调节体用于调整所述防护体对所述乘员所施加的约束力的大小。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述防护体包括依次连接的第一连接部、防护部和第二连接部，所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部能分别与两个所述调节体连接，所述防护部构造成，与所述乘员的下肢相抵靠。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述调节体包括能改变伸长量的伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构构造成，以所述伸缩机构的一端与所述汽车座椅固定连接，并且以所述伸缩机构的延伸端与所述防护体连接。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述伸缩机构包括收放部和调节带，所述收放部构造成用于固定安装于所述汽车座椅，所述调节带构造成，以所述调节带的一端缠绕于所述收放部内，并且所述调节带的另一端延伸出所述收放部并与所述防护体连接，通过改变所述调节带的伸长量能调整所述防护体对所述乘员所施加的约束力的大小。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述调节体还包括锁紧机构，所述锁紧机构设置于所述收放部内并能作用于所述调节带，以使所述调节带停止伸长。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述调节体还包括限力机构，所述限力机构设置于所述收放部内并能作用于所述调节带，所述限力机构构造成，当所述调节带上受到的作用力的值大于所述限力机构的设定值时，发生形变或运动，以使所述防护体对所述乘员所施加的约束力的大小保持在设定的约束力值。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述调节体还包括预紧机构，所述预紧机构设置于所述收放部内并能作用于所述调节带，以使所述防护体与所述乘员的下肢之间具有预紧力。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述调节体还包 括第一连接体，所述防护体在所述防护体的端部上具有第二连接体，所述第一连接体构造成，以所述第一连接体的一端与所述调节带固定连接，并且以所述第一连接体的另一端与所述第二连接体连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接体构造为锁体并且缝制在相应的调节带的伸出端处，所述第二连接体构造为锁片并且分别缝制在防护体的两个端部处。
  10. 如权利要求3所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，所述伸缩机构构造为弹性件，在所述弹性件的两端上分别设有固定端和卡槽端，所述固定端构造成用于与所述汽车座椅固定连接，所述卡槽端构造成用于与所述防护体相卡接。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述防护体构造成，在朝向所述乘员的一侧覆盖于所述乘员的膝部及小腿上部，以对所述乘员的下肢进行约束。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置，其特征在于，所述防护体在朝向所述乘员的一侧设有衬垫，所述衬垫的材料为柔性材质，所述衬垫构造成，以所述衬垫的一侧与所述防护体固定连接，并且以所述衬垫的另一侧抵靠于所述乘员的下肢。
  13. 一种汽车座椅，其特征在于，所述汽车座椅包括如权利要求1-12中任一项所述用于汽车座椅的下肢约束装置。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的汽车座椅，其特征在于，所述汽车座椅的座椅靠背的倾角能与以下乘员坐姿相对应地调节：
    -正常驾乘坐姿；
    -工作坐姿；
    -休闲坐姿。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的汽车座椅，其特征在于，所述下肢约束装置构造成，在工作坐姿中或在休闲坐姿中，车辆发生正面碰撞时，对乘员膝部及小腿上部进行约束，在利用大腿的支撑的情况下，缓解下潜现象，并吸收乘员的动能。
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