WO2023273652A1 - Diaphragme, batterie au lithium-ion, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif d'alimentation - Google Patents

Diaphragme, batterie au lithium-ion, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif d'alimentation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273652A1
WO2023273652A1 PCT/CN2022/093203 CN2022093203W WO2023273652A1 WO 2023273652 A1 WO2023273652 A1 WO 2023273652A1 CN 2022093203 W CN2022093203 W CN 2022093203W WO 2023273652 A1 WO2023273652 A1 WO 2023273652A1
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Prior art keywords
coating
battery
lithium
present application
separator
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PCT/CN2022/093203
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张倩倩
李星
金海族
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023273652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273652A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434—Ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/443—Particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/454—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the battery field, in particular, to a separator, a lithium ion battery, a battery module, a battery pack and an electrical device.
  • the battery separator is an insulating film with a porous structure and is an important part of the battery. It can block the positive and negative poles and prevent the positive and negative poles from short-circuiting inside the battery. There are nanoscale pores inside the battery separator, allowing lithium ions and other ions to pass through freely during charging and discharging, providing a channel for the rapid transmission of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the volume of lithium-ion batteries continues to expand, and the external manifestations are changes in thickness and stress.
  • the expansion of the battery will cause the pole pieces to squeeze each other, and the electrolyte will be squeezed out, especially in the corner area of the battery.
  • the Gap and stress in the corner area of the battery cell are different from those in the non-corner area, it is difficult for the separator to retain liquid, which makes the electrolyte distribution of the entire battery cell uneven, resulting in the lack of liquid and insufficient infiltration of some pole pieces, thereby releasing lithium.
  • lack of electrolyte and insufficient wetting will lead to high internal resistance of the battery cell, capacity fading and reduced cycle performance, and may even cause safety problems.
  • the present application provides a separator, a lithium ion battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an electrical device.
  • the present application provides a separator, comprising: a porous substrate; a first coating, the first coating is disposed on at least one surface of the porous substrate, and the first coating includes inorganic particles and a binder; a second coating, the second coating is disposed on at least a part of the surface of the first coating, the second coating includes ceramic fibers; a third coating, the third coating Disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the second coating, the third coating includes a polymer gel.
  • the isolation membrane provided by the present application sequentially includes a first coating layer and a second coating layer disposed on at least a part of the surface of the first coating layer on at least one surface of the porous substrate, and a second coating layer disposed on at least one surface of the porous substrate.
  • a third coating on at least a portion of the surface of the second coating.
  • the first coating includes inorganic particles and binder
  • the second coating includes ceramic fibers
  • the third coating includes polymer gel.
  • the isolation membrane provided by the present application adds a second coating and a third coating on the basis of the porous substrate and the first coating of inorganic particles.
  • the ceramic fibers in the second coating have a certain flexibility and elasticity due to their "fluff"-like structure, which can enhance the liquid absorption capacity of the isolation membrane;
  • the polymer gel in the third coating has a microporous structure, absorbing After the electrolyte swells, a lateral force is generated to press against the pole piece, which can improve the situation that the isolation membrane is difficult to maintain liquid and cause insufficient electrolyte. Therefore, the separator provided by the present application can improve the poor wetting of the battery cell caused by insufficient or uneven distribution of the local electrolyte.
  • the second coating is provided with one or more areas, and the plurality of second coatings are distributed on at least a part of the surface of the first coating at intervals; and/or, the There are one or more third coating areas, and the multiple third coatings are distributed on at least a part of the surface of the second coating at intervals.
  • a plurality of second and third coatings distributed at intervals can more effectively solve the problem of insufficient electrolyte or uneven distribution, while controlling the weight and cost of the battery cell and increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the ceramic fiber is selected from at least one of alumina ceramic fiber, silicon oxide ceramic fiber, silicon nitride ceramic fiber, barium titanate ceramic fiber, titanium oxide ceramic fiber, and magnesium oxide ceramic fiber .
  • alumina ceramic fiber or silica ceramic fiber is cheap and light in weight, which can increase the energy density of the battery as much as possible while ensuring that the ceramic fiber can absorb liquid.
  • the thickness of the second coating is 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 6 ⁇ m; further optionally, the thickness of the second coating is 5 ⁇ m ⁇ 5.5 ⁇ m. If the second coating is too thick, the energy density of the battery will be low, and the battery impedance will increase; if the second coating is too thin, the "fluff" structure will be less elastic and will not have a certain liquid absorption effect.
  • the polymer gel is selected from at least one of the following types of polymer gels: polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polypropylene Nitrile, polymethylacrylate, polyether and fluoropolymer.
  • polyimide polyethylene terephthalate
  • polystyrene polystyrene
  • polypropylene Nitrile polymethylacrylate
  • polyether fluoropolymer.
  • the above-mentioned polymer gel layer not only has the function of retaining liquid, but also has the characteristics of good heat insulation, good corrosion resistance and good thermal stability.
  • the polymer gel is selected from at least one of the following types of polymer gels: polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene.
  • polyimide not only has good mechanical properties and heat resistance, but also has good electrolyte wetting performance, which can make the separator maintain a strong structural stability and have a high electrolyte retention capacity.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate has excellent electrical insulation, good electrical properties, good fatigue resistance, friction resistance and dimensional stability.
  • Polystyrene is easy to process and form, cheap, and has good heat insulation, insulation and corrosion resistance.
  • the thickness of the third coating is 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, and optionally, the thickness of the third coating is 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m. If the third coating is too thick, it will not only reduce the energy density of the battery, but also increase the resistance of the electrolyte to pass through the coating, and the electrolyte will not be able to wet the entire separator well. If the third coating is too thin, it will affect the liquid retention ability of the gel, and the better liquid retention effect cannot be achieved.
  • the particle diameter of the polymer gel particles in the third coating is 100 nm to 1000 nm; optionally, the particle diameter of the polymer gel particles in the third coating is 300nm ⁇ 500nm. If the particle size of the polymer gel particles is too small, the impedance of the isolation membrane will increase, it will be difficult for lithium ions to pass through the isolation membrane, and the transmission speed will decrease. However, if the particle size of the polymer gel particles is too large, the adsorption capacity of the separator to the electrolyte will be reduced, and the liquid retention effect will be affected.
  • the polymer gel particles in the third coating are solid particles or hollow particles.
  • the swelling effect of the polymer gel layer after absorbing the electrolyte is more significant, which can more effectively improve the electrolyte shortage caused by the difficulty of keeping the separator in liquid.
  • the inorganic particles in the first coating include at least one of the following inorganic particles: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, boehmite, barium sulfate, calcium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, Magnesia, Zirconia and Tin Oxide.
  • the binder in the first coating includes at least one of the following binders: styrene, acrylate, vinyl acetate, fatty acid vinyl ester, epoxy resin, linear polyester, polylidene fluoride Vinyl, polystyrene, polysulfide, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene-butadiene rubber, and gelatin.
  • the present application provides a lithium-ion battery, including a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a separator spaced between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and an electrolyte, wherein the separator is according to the present application
  • the isolation film of the first aspect is according to the present application.
  • the lithium ion battery provided in the present application includes a wound electrode assembly, and the second coating is at least disposed on at least a part of the surface of the first coating in the corner region of the separator.
  • the corner area is prone to poor wetting caused by insufficient electrolyte or uneven distribution.
  • the second coating and at least part of the first coating surface on the corner area of the isolation film can effectively improve the cell due to the electrolyte in the corner area. Poor infiltration caused by insufficient or uneven distribution reduces the risk of local lithium deposition in the battery cell and improves the cycle life of the battery cell.
  • a plurality of the second coatings are arranged at intervals on part of the surface of the first coating, and the total area of the arrangement area of the plurality of second coatings occupies the corner area of the isolation film. 88% to 95% of the area, and optionally, the total area of the multiple second coating areas accounts for 90% to 92% of the corner area of the isolation film.
  • the impedance of the entire lithium battery will also increase; when the total area of the second coating accounts for too small a proportion of the area of the isolation film in the corner area of the cell, the ceramic fiber "fluff" structure is less, and the isolation film in the corner area.
  • the liquid absorption capacity cannot be significantly improved, and at the same time, the lateral force generated by the swelling of the polymer gel after absorbing the electrolyte is small, and the liquid retention capacity of the isolation membrane in the corner area becomes poor.
  • the present application provides a battery module, including the lithium ion battery in the second aspect of the present application.
  • the present application provides a battery pack, including the lithium-ion battery of the second aspect of the present application or the battery module of the third aspect of the present application.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the lithium-ion battery of the second aspect of the application or the battery module of the third aspect of the application or the battery pack of the fourth aspect of the application; wherein, the lithium-ion battery or A battery module or battery pack is used as a power source or an energy storage unit for an electrical device.
  • the lithium-ion battery, battery module, battery pack and electrical device of the present application include the separator of the first aspect of the present application, and thus at least have the same or similar technical effects as the above-mentioned lithium-ion battery.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of an electric core according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of a battery cell according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the non-corner region of the isolation film according to a specific embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the corner region of the isolation film according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a corner area of an isolation film according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a corner area of an isolation film according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a corner area of an isolation film according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a corner area of an isolation film according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a lithium-ion battery according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded view of the lithium ion battery shown in Fig. 9;
  • Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a battery module according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is an exploded view of the battery pack shown in Fig. 12;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a battery separator, including: a porous substrate; a first coating, the first coating is provided on at least one surface of the porous substrate, and the first coating includes an inorganic particles and a binder; a second coating, the second coating is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the first coating, the second coating includes ceramic fibers; a third coating, the third coating A layer is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the second coating, and the third coating includes a polymer gel.
  • the isolation film includes a non-corner region and a corner region.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of a cell in some embodiments of the present application, and Figure 1 shows the non-corner region 54S1 of the isolation film;
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the cell in some embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 shows the corner of the isolation film Area 54S2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the non-corner region of the isolation film.
  • the non-corner region S1 of the isolation membrane includes a porous substrate 541 and a first coating 542 disposed on at least one surface of the porous substrate 541.
  • the first coating 542 can be an isolation membrane in the prior art.
  • the first coating 542 may include inorganic particles and binders, and the first coating 542 may further include other functional components.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the corner region of the isolation film.
  • the corner region S2 of the isolation membrane is based on the porous substrate 541 and the first coating 542 disposed on at least one surface of the porous substrate 541, and also includes at least a part of the surface disposed on the first coating 542.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a partitioned coating, in which a second coating and a third coating are added on the basis of the first coating in the corner area of the isolation film.
  • the ceramic fiber has a certain flexibility and elasticity due to its "fluff"-like structure, which can enhance the liquid absorption capacity of the isolation membrane.
  • the polymer gel has a microporous structure, and after absorbing the electrolyte, it swells and generates a lateral force to press against the pole piece, which can improve the situation of insufficient electrolyte caused by the difficulty of keeping the separator in liquid. Therefore, the separator of the embodiment of the present application can effectively improve the poor wetting of the battery cell caused by insufficient or uneven distribution of electrolyte in the corner area, reduce the risk of local lithium deposition in the battery cell, and improve the cycle life of the battery cell.
  • the second coating and the third coating can also be added on the surface of the first coating in the non-corner area of the separator, so as to improve the problem caused by insufficient or uneven distribution of electrolyte in any local area of the battery cell. In case of poor infiltration.
  • the second coating may cover the entire surface of the first coating, or may cover a part of the surface of the first coating.
  • the multiple second coating areas are distributed on at least a part of the surface of the first coating at intervals.
  • the disposition areas of the plurality of second coatings are evenly spaced and distributed on at least a part of the surface of the first coating.
  • the third coating is provided in one or more regions.
  • the multiple third coatings are distributed on at least a part of the surface of the second coating at intervals.
  • the multiple third coatings are evenly spaced and distributed on at least a part of the surface of the second coating.
  • a plurality of second and third coatings distributed at intervals can more effectively solve the problem of insufficient or uneven distribution of electrolyte in the local area of the separator, and can also control the weight and cost of the battery cell and increase the energy density of the battery.
  • 5 to 8 are schematic diagrams of the corner area of the isolation film according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the second coating 543 covers the whole surface of the first coating (not shown in the figure)
  • the third coating 544 covers the partial surface of the second coating 543
  • the setting area of 544 is one.
  • the second coating 543 covers the partial surface of the first coating 542
  • the third coating 544 covers the partial surface of the second coating 543
  • the setting areas of the second coating 543 and the third coating 544 are both one.
  • the second coating 543 covers the whole surface of the first coating (not shown in the figure), the setting area of the third coating 544 is multiple, and the plurality of third coatings 544 are evenly spaced and distributed, covering the first coating 544. Part of the surface of the second coating 543 .
  • a plurality of second coating layers 543 are distributed at intervals on part of the surface of the first coating layer 542 , and the third coating layer 544 covers part of the surface of the second coating layer 543 .
  • Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 are only several examples of the corner area of the isolation film according to the embodiment of the present application, but the shapes of the first coating, the second coating and the third coating can be Optionally, the positions of the first coating, the second coating, and the third coating are not limited thereto.
  • the materials of the first coating, the second coating and the third coating can be synthesized according to existing literature methods or can be purchased through commercial channels, and the first coating, the second coating and the third coating can be sprayed , photolithography, printing and other methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the ceramic fibers may be selected from at least one of alumina ceramic fibers, silica ceramic fibers, silicon nitride ceramic fibers, barium titanate ceramic fibers, titanium oxide ceramic fibers, and magnesium oxide ceramic fibers.
  • alumina ceramic fiber or silica ceramic fiber is cheap and light in weight, which can increase the energy density of the battery as much as possible while ensuring that the ceramic fiber can absorb liquid.
  • the thickness of the second coating layer may be 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 6 ⁇ m. In another part of the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the second coating may be 5 ⁇ m ⁇ 5.5 ⁇ m. If the second coating is too thick, the energy density of the battery will be low, and the battery impedance will increase; if the second coating is too thin, the "fluff" structure will be less elastic and will not have a certain liquid absorption effect.
  • the polymer gel can be selected from at least one of the following types of polymer gels: polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, Polyacrylonitrile, polymethylacrylate, polyether and fluoropolymer.
  • polyimide polyethylene terephthalate
  • polystyrene polystyrene
  • Polyacrylonitrile polymethylacrylate
  • polyether polyether
  • fluoropolymer fluoropolymer.
  • the above-mentioned polymer gel layer not only has the function of retaining liquid, but also has the characteristics of good heat insulation, good corrosion resistance and good thermal stability.
  • the polymer gel can be selected from at least one of the following types of polymer gels: polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene .
  • polyimide not only has good mechanical properties and heat resistance, but also has good electrolyte wetting performance, which can make the separator maintain a strong structural stability and have a high electrolyte retention capacity.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate has excellent electrical insulation, good electrical properties, good fatigue resistance, friction resistance and dimensional stability.
  • Polystyrene is easy to process and form, cheap, and has good heat insulation, insulation and corrosion resistance.
  • the thickness of the third coating layer may be 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 5 ⁇ m. In another part of the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the third coating layer may be 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m. If the third coating layer is too thick, it will not only reduce the energy density of the battery, but also increase the resistance of the electrolyte to pass through the coating, and the electrolyte will not be able to wet the entire separator well. And when the third coating is too thin, it will affect the liquid retention capacity of the gel, and the better liquid retention effect cannot be achieved.
  • the particle diameter of the polymer gel particles in the third coating layer may be 100 nm ⁇ 1000 nm. In another part of the embodiments of the present application, the particle diameter of the polymer gel particles in the third coating layer may be 300nm-500nm. If the particle size of the polymer gel particles is too small, the impedance of the isolation membrane will increase, it will be difficult for lithium ions to pass through the isolation membrane, and the transmission speed will decrease. However, if the particle size of the polymer gel particles is too large, the adsorption capacity of the separator to the electrolyte will be reduced, and the liquid retention effect will be affected.
  • the polymer gel particles in the third coating may be solid particles or hollow particles.
  • the third coating can have a more sufficient swelling effect after absorbing the electrolyte, which can more effectively improve the situation that the isolation membrane is difficult to maintain and cause insufficient electrolyte.
  • the inorganic particles in the first coating may include at least one of the following inorganic particles: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, boehmite, barium sulfate, calcium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, Magnesia, Zirconia and Tin Oxide.
  • the binder in the first coating may include at least one of the following binders: styrene, acrylate, vinyl acetate, fatty acid vinyl ester, epoxy resin, linear polyester , polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polysulfide rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene-butadiene rubber and gelatin.
  • binders styrene, acrylate, vinyl acetate, fatty acid vinyl ester, epoxy resin, linear polyester , polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polysulfide rubber, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sty
  • the present application provides a lithium-ion battery, including a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a separator spaced between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and an electrolyte, wherein the separator is according to the present application
  • the isolation film of the first aspect is according to the present application.
  • the lithium-ion battery may include a wound electrode assembly, and the second coating is disposed on at least a part of the surface of the first coating in the corner area of the separator, thereby effectively improving the thickness of the corner area.
  • the poor infiltration of the battery cell due to insufficient electrolyte or uneven distribution reduces the risk of local lithium deposition in the battery cell, slows down the capacity attenuation, and improves the cycle life and safety performance of the battery cell.
  • a plurality of the second coatings may be arranged at intervals on part of the surface of the first coating, and the total area of the arrangement area of the plurality of second coatings may account for the spaced area. 88% to 95% of the corner area of the membrane.
  • the total area of the plurality of second coating layers may account for 90%-92% of the corner area of the isolation film.
  • the second coating and the third coating may have the same shape and size, and are sequentially stacked on the surface of the first coating.
  • the transmission rate of lithium ions decreases, the effect of the electrolyte infiltrating the separator is not optimal, and the impedance of the entire lithium battery will also increase.
  • the ceramic fiber "fluff" structure is less, and the liquid absorption capacity of the isolation film in the corner area cannot be significantly improved, and at the same time, the polymer coagulates After the glue absorbs the electrolyte, it swells and produces a small lateral force. As a result, the liquid retaining ability of the isolation film in the corner region deteriorates.
  • the positive electrode sheet of the lithium ion battery includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive active material layer may be disposed on one surface of the positive current collector or on both surfaces of the positive current collector.
  • Those skilled in the art can choose an appropriate method to prepare the positive electrode sheet, for example, may include the following steps: After mixing the positive electrode active material, binder, and conductive agent to form a slurry, coating it on the positive electrode current collector.
  • the specific type of positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, as long as it can meet the requirements of inserting and extracting lithium ions.
  • the positive electrode active material can be either a layered structure material, allowing lithium ions to diffuse in a two-dimensional space, or a spinel structure, allowing lithium ions to diffuse in a three-dimensional space.
  • the positive electrode active material may be selected from one or more of lithium transition metal oxides, compounds obtained by adding other transition metals or non-transition metals or non-metals to lithium transition metal oxides.
  • the positive electrode active material can be selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, olivine structure containing One or more of lithium phosphates.
  • the general formula of lithium-containing phosphate with olivine structure can be LiFe 1-xy Mn x M' y PO 4 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x+y ⁇ 1, M' can be One or more selected from other transition metal elements or non-transition metal elements except Fe and Mn, M' can be selected from one or more of Cr, Mg, Ti, Al, Zn, W, Nb, Zr kind. More optionally, the lithium-containing phosphate of olivine structure can be selected from one or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, and lithium manganese iron phosphate.
  • the lithium transition metal oxide may be selected from LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi x Co y Mn 1-xy O 2 , LiNi x Co y Al 1-xy O 2 , LiNi x Mn 2-x One or more of O 4 , where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x+y ⁇ 1.
  • the lithium transition metal oxide may be selected from LiCoO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 One or more of Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Mn 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , LiMn 2 O 4 .
  • the positive active material layer may further include a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the type and content of the conductive agent and the binder are not specifically limited, and may be selected according to actual needs.
  • the binder usually includes a fluorine-containing polyolefin binder, and water is usually a good solvent relative to the fluorine-containing polyolefin binder, that is, the fluorine-containing polyolefin binder is usually in Good solubility in water, for example, the fluorine-containing polyolefin binder can include but not limited to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride copolymer or their modification (for example, carboxylic acid, acrylic acid , modified acrylonitrile) derivatives, etc.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the mass percentage of the binder may be due to the poor conductivity of the binder itself, so the amount of the binder cannot be too high.
  • the mass percentage of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer is less than or equal to 2wt%, so as to obtain lower resistance of the electrode sheet.
  • the conductive agent of the positive electrode sheet can be various conductive agents suitable for secondary batteries in the art, for example, it can include but not limited to acetylene black, conductive carbon black, carbon fiber (VGCF), carbon nanotube (CNT), Ketjen One or more combinations of black.
  • the weight of the conductive agent may account for 1wt%-10wt% of the total mass of the positive electrode material layer. More optionally, the weight ratio of the conductive agent to the positive active material in the positive electrode sheet is greater than or equal to 1.5:95.5.
  • the type of the positive current collector is not specifically limited, and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the positive current collector can usually be a layered body, and the positive current collector is usually a structure or part that can collect current.
  • the positive current collector can be various materials suitable for use as the positive current collector of the electrochemical energy storage device in the art.
  • the positive electrode current collector may include but not limited to metal foil, more specifically may include but not limited to nickel foil and aluminum foil.
  • the negative electrode sheet of the lithium ion battery generally includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer located on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer generally includes a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material can be various materials suitable for the negative electrode active material of lithium-ion batteries in the art, for example, can include but not limited to graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, carbon fiber, mesocarbon microspheres, silicon-based materials , tin-based materials, lithium titanate or other metals capable of forming alloys with lithium.
  • the graphite can be selected from one or more combinations of artificial graphite, natural graphite and modified graphite;
  • the silicon-based material can be selected from elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon alloys A combination of one or more;
  • the tin-based material can be selected from one or more of simple tin, tin oxide, and tin alloys.
  • the negative electrode current collector is usually a structure or part that collects current.
  • the negative electrode current collector can be a variety of materials suitable for use as a lithium ion battery negative electrode collector in the art.
  • the negative electrode current collector can include but is not limited to Metal foil, more specifically, may include but not limited to copper foil.
  • the negative electrode sheet can also be a lithium sheet.
  • the electrolyte solution of the lithium-ion battery can be various electrolyte solutions suitable for lithium-ion batteries in the art, for example, the electrolyte solution usually includes an electrolyte and a solvent, and the electrolyte usually includes a lithium salt .
  • the lithium salt may be an inorganic lithium salt and/or an organic lithium salt, specifically including but not limited to LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiN(SO 2 F) 2 (abbreviated as LiFSI), LiN(CF 3 A combination of one or more of SO 2 ) 2 (abbreviated as LiTFSI), LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (abbreviated as LiBOB), LiBF 2 C 2 O 4 (abbreviated as LiDFOB) .
  • the concentration of the electrolyte may be 0.8 mol/L ⁇ 1.5 mol/L.
  • the solvent can be a variety of solvents suitable for the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary batteries in the art.
  • the solvent of the electrolyte is usually a non-aqueous solvent, which can be an organic solvent, specifically including but not limited to ethylene carbonate, A combination of one or more of propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate or their halogenated derivatives.
  • each of the positive electrode sheet, the separator and the negative electrode sheet can be a layered body , so that it can be cut to the target size and then stacked in sequence, and can also be wound to the target size to form a battery cell, and can be further combined with the electrolyte to form a lithium-ion battery.
  • FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a lithium-ion battery according to a specific embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the lithium-ion battery shown in FIG. 9
  • a lithium-ion battery 5 according to the present application (hereinafter referred to as a battery cell 5 ) includes an outer package 51 , an electrode assembly 52 , a top cover assembly 53 and an electrolyte (not shown).
  • the electrode assembly 52 is accommodated in the casing 51, and the number of the electrode assembly 52 is not limited, and may be one or more.
  • the battery cell 5 shown in FIG. 9 is a can-type battery, but the application is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 5 may be a pouch-type battery, that is, the casing 51 is replaced by a metal plastic film and the top cover is omitted. Component 53.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a battery module, which includes the lithium-ion battery described in the second aspect of the present application.
  • the lithium-ion batteries can be assembled into a battery module, and the number of lithium-ion batteries contained in the battery module can be multiple, and the specific number can be adjusted according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a battery module 4 as an example. Referring to FIG. 11 , in the battery module 4 , a plurality of lithium-ion batteries 5 may be arranged sequentially along the length direction of the battery module 4 . Of course, it can also be arranged in any other manner. Further, the plurality of lithium ion batteries 5 can be fixed by fasteners.
  • the battery module 4 may also include a casing with an accommodating space, and a plurality of lithium-ion batteries 5 are accommodated in the accommodating space.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes the battery module described in the third aspect of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned battery modules can be assembled into a battery pack, and the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack can be adjusted according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the battery pack 1 as an example
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the battery pack shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and a plurality of battery modules 4 disposed in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes an upper box body 2 and a lower box body 3 , the upper box body 2 can cover the lower box body 3 and form a closed space for accommodating the battery module 4 .
  • Multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in the battery box in any manner.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application provides an electric device, which includes the lithium-ion battery described in the second aspect of the present application, or the battery module described in the third aspect of the present application, or the battery pack described in the fourth aspect of the present application.
  • the lithium ion battery, or the battery module, or the battery pack can be used as a power source of the electric device or an energy storage unit of the electric device.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, mobile devices (such as mobile phones, notebook computers, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.
  • the electric device can select a lithium-ion battery, a battery module or a battery pack according to its usage requirements.
  • Fig. 14 shows a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • the electric device may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack or battery module can be used.
  • the electric device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, and the like.
  • the electrical device is usually required to be light and thin, and the lithium-ion battery of the present application can be used as a power source.
  • the polymer gel is coated on the surface of the ceramic fiber by means of spin spraying, and then dried in an oven at 50° C. to 60° C. to finally obtain the isolation film described in this application.
  • the positive electrode active material LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523), the conductive agent carbon black (Super P) and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were mixed in an appropriate amount of solvent N-formaldehyde at a mass ratio of 96.2:2.7:1.1. NMP was mixed uniformly to obtain a positive electrode slurry, which was coated on an aluminum foil of a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode sheet was obtained through drying, cold pressing, slitting, cutting and other processes.
  • Negative electrode active material artificial graphite, conductive agent carbon black (Super P), binder styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) are mixed in appropriate amount according to mass ratio 96.4:0.7:1.8:1.1
  • the solvent is mixed evenly in deionized water to obtain negative electrode slurry, and the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector copper foil, and the negative electrode sheet is obtained through drying, cold pressing, slitting, cutting and other processes.
  • the isolation film As the isolation film, the isolation films prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present application were used.
  • the separators and lithium ion batteries of Examples 1-22 and Comparative Examples 1-12 were prepared according to the above method.
  • Cycle performance test 25°C, 1C/1C, 1500 cycles.
  • the battery that has completed the test is disassembled to observe the situation of lithium precipitation at the interface.
  • the degree of lithium separation is divided, so as to evaluate the improvement effect of the separator described in this application on the lithium separation at the corner of the cell.
  • the division is based on the percentage (A) of the corner area where lithium is deposited in the corner area.
  • the degree of lithium analysis is divided into the following table (degree of lithium analysis: I ⁇ II ⁇ III ⁇ IV).
  • Lithium analysis area ratio Lithium analysis degree division A ⁇ 0.3% I 0.3% ⁇ A ⁇ 1% II 1% ⁇ A ⁇ 3% III A ⁇ 3% IV
  • Examples 1-6 show the effect of the thickness of the second coating on the technical effect.
  • the thickness of the second coating can be 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 6 ⁇ m; optionally, the thickness of the second coating is 5 ⁇ m ⁇ 5.5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the second coating exceeds 6 ⁇ m, the energy density of the battery will be low, and the battery impedance will increase; and when the thickness of the second coating layer is less than 4 ⁇ m, the "fluff" structure will be less elastic and will not work well. liquid absorption effect.
  • Examples 3, 7-10 show examples where the third coating comprises different kinds of polymer gels. Applying polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl acrylate and other polymer gels to the third coating can achieve better technical effects, The capacity and capacity retention rate of the battery after 1500 cycles are at a relatively high level, and lithium precipitation is not easy to occur.
  • polyimide not only has good mechanical properties and heat resistance, but also has good electrolyte wettability, which can make the separator maintain a strong structural stability and have a high electrolyte retention capacity, which is a relatively good choice.
  • Examples 3, 11-15 show the influence of the thickness of the third coating on the technical effect.
  • the thickness of the third coating may be 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, optionally, the thickness of the third coating may be 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the third coating exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the energy density of the battery may decrease, and the resistance of the electrolyte to pass through the coating increases, and the electrolyte cannot wet the entire separator well.
  • the thickness of the third coating layer is less than 3 ⁇ m, the liquid retention capacity of the gel will be affected, and a better liquid retention effect cannot be achieved.
  • Example 3, 16-20 shows the effect of the particle size of the polymer gel particles in the third coating on the technical effect.
  • the particle diameter of the polymer gel particles in the third coating can be 100nm-1000nm; optionally, the particle diameter of the polymer gel particles in the third coating is 300nm-500nm.
  • the particle size of the polymer gel particles is less than 100nm, which will increase the resistance of the isolation membrane, and it will be difficult for lithium ions to pass through the isolation membrane, and the transmission speed will be reduced; while the particle size of the polymer gel particles is greater than 1000nm, then It will reduce the adsorption capacity of the separator to the electrolyte, which will have a certain adverse effect on the liquid retention effect.
  • Examples 3, 21 show the effect of hollow/solid gel particles on technical performance.
  • the polymer gel particles are hollow particles, the swelling effect of the polymer gel layer after absorbing the electrolyte is more significant, which can more effectively improve the electrolyte shortage caused by the difficulty of keeping the separator in liquid.
  • Examples 3, 22-26 show the influence of the ratio of the total area of the second coating to the corner area of the isolation film on the technical effect.
  • the total area of the setting area of the second coating can account for 88% to 95% of the area of the corner area of the isolation film.
  • the total area of multiple second coatings can account for the area of the corner area of the isolation film. 90% to 92% of that.
  • the impedance of the lithium battery will also increase; when the total area of the second coating accounts for less than 88% of the corner area of the separator, the ceramic fiber "fluff" structure is less, and the liquid absorption capacity of the separator in the corner area cannot be significantly At the same time, the lateral force generated by the swelling of the polymer gel after absorbing the electrolyte is small, and the liquid retention capacity of the isolation film in the corner area becomes poor.
  • Embodiments 3 and 27 show the influence of the distribution of the added second coating and third coating on the technical effect.
  • a plurality of second coatings and third coatings distributed at intervals can more effectively solve the problem of insufficient electrolyte or uneven distribution, while controlling the weight and cost of the battery cell and increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • Examples 28-30 show some other different types of ceramic fibers and polymer gels as the materials of the second coating and the third coating, which are applied to the examples of the implementation of the application, and can realize the separation film of the application technical effect.
  • the surface of the corner area of the isolation film of Comparative Example 1 is only provided with the first coating; the surface of the corner area of the isolation film of Comparative Example 2 is only provided with the first coating and the second coating; the surface of the corner area of the isolation film of Comparative Example 3 is only provided with There is a first coating and a third coating; the difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 3 is that the positions of the second coating and the third coating are exchanged.
  • the cycle performance and capacity retention rate of Comparative Examples 1-4 are obviously insufficient compared with the examples, and the situation of lithium precipitation is aggravated.
  • the separator provided by the application can effectively improve the poor infiltration of the battery cell caused by insufficient or uneven distribution of electrolyte in the corner area, reduce the risk of local lithium deposition in the battery cell, and improve the energy of the battery. Density, prolong the cycle life of the battery.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un diaphragme, une batterie au lithium-ion, un module de batterie, un bloc-batterie et un dispositif d'alimentation. Le diaphragme comprend un substrat poreux ; un premier revêtement disposé sur au moins une surface du substrat poreux, le premier revêtement comprenant des particules inorganiques et un liant ; un deuxième revêtement disposé sur au moins une partie de la surface du premier revêtement, le deuxième revêtement comprenant des fibres de céramique ; et un troisième revêtement disposé sur au moins une partie de la surface du deuxième revêtement, le troisième revêtement comprenant un gel polymère. Le diaphragme fourni par la présente invention peut efficacement améliorer la condition d'infiltration médiocre provoquée par un électrolyte insuffisant ou une distribution irrégulière d'une zone locale d'un élément de batterie, ce qui permet de réduire le risque de précipitation de lithium locale de l'élément de batterie, d'améliorer la vitesse d'atténuation de capacité de l'élément de batterie, et d'améliorer la durée de vie de l'élément de batterie.
PCT/CN2022/093203 2021-07-02 2022-05-17 Diaphragme, batterie au lithium-ion, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif d'alimentation WO2023273652A1 (fr)

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