WO2023273137A1 - 成像模组和头戴显示设备 - Google Patents

成像模组和头戴显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273137A1
WO2023273137A1 PCT/CN2021/134044 CN2021134044W WO2023273137A1 WO 2023273137 A1 WO2023273137 A1 WO 2023273137A1 CN 2021134044 W CN2021134044 W CN 2021134044W WO 2023273137 A1 WO2023273137 A1 WO 2023273137A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
light
imaging module
phase retarder
display screen
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PCT/CN2021/134044
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋文宝
赵同磊
关姝
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歌尔光学科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023273137A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273137A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optical display technology, in particular to an imaging module and a head-mounted display device.
  • a catadioptric optical path is designed inside the head mounted display device, so that the light passes back and forth multiple times in a limited space to enlarge the image.
  • the light emitted by the display screen needs to have a consistent polarization state, for which a polarization conversion device is provided on the display screen.
  • these polarization conversion devices are in direct contact with the air. When the light passes through these polarization conversion devices, the light will be reflected. This part of the reflected light is easy to form another virtual image in the human eye, resulting in ghost images and affecting users to obtain a clear display. screen.
  • the device is designed to reduce the generation of ghost images and ensure that users can obtain clear imaging images.
  • an imaging module which includes:
  • the display screen has a light-emitting surface for emitting light
  • a cemented lens group is arranged in the light-emitting direction of the display screen, and the cemented lens group includes a first lens and a second lens set by cementing, and the first lens and the second lens are arranged along the direction of light The direction of propagation is set sequentially;
  • the first phase retarder is arranged on the light incident surface of the first lens
  • a polarizer is arranged on the surface of the first phase retarder facing away from the first lens.
  • the imaging module also includes:
  • the beam splitter is arranged between the first phase retarder and the first lens
  • a polarizing reflector the polarizing reflector is arranged on the light exit surface of the second lens, and the transmission axis of the polarizer is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing reflector.
  • both the first phase retarder and the second phase retarder are quarter wave plates.
  • the imaging module further includes a third phase retarder, and the third phase retarder is arranged between the polarizer and the display screen.
  • the first lens is one of a flat lens, a meniscus lens, a biconvex lens, or a biconcave lens.
  • the second lens is one of a plano-convex lens, a meniscus lens, or a biconvex lens, and the light-emitting surface of the second lens is a convex surface.
  • the imaging module further includes a third lens, the third lens is disposed on a side of the doublet lens group away from the display screen, and the third lens is a positive lens.
  • the height direction the height of the first lens is D1
  • the height of the second lens is D2
  • the height of the third lens is D3,
  • the gluing lens group is arranged on the light-emitting surface of the display screen
  • the gluing lens group is spaced apart from the display screen.
  • the present invention also provides a head-mounted display device, the head-mounted display device includes a casing and an imaging module as described above, and the imaging module is arranged on the casing.
  • the light emitted by the display screen is directed to the first lens of the doublet lens group.
  • the light passes through the polarizer and the first phase retarder in sequence. Since the first phase retarder is arranged between the polarizer and the first lens, the optical surface of the first phase retarder avoids contact with air, thereby reducing light reflection.
  • the polarizer is arranged on the surface of the first phase retarder facing away from the first lens. When the light is reflected by the polarizer, the direction of reflection is also towards the direction away from the human eye.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the imaging module of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of part of the position of the gluing lens group in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a height schematic diagram of the lens in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a modulation transfer function diagram of the imaging module in Fig. 1 at 450nm;
  • Fig. 5 is a modulation transfer function diagram of the imaging module in Fig. 1 at 540nm;
  • FIG. 6 is a modulation transfer function diagram of the imaging module in FIG. 1 at 610 nm.
  • label name label name 10 display screen 222 Light-emitting surface of the second lens 101 human eye 30 first phase retarder 110 the light 40 polarizer 20 Cemented lens group 50 Splitter 210 first lens 60 second phase retarder 211 The incident surface of the first lens 70 polarizing reflector 212 Light-emitting surface of the first lens 80 third phase retarder 220 second lens 90 third lens 221 The incident surface of the second lens the the
  • connection and “fixation” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “fixation” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • fixation can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • a polarization conversion device is provided in a head-mounted display device. These polarization conversion devices are in direct contact with the air.
  • the phase sensor is a kind of polarization conversion device.
  • the reflection ratio of each optical surface of the phase sensor is 4% to 5%.
  • the anti-reflection coating has a reflectivity of about 0.5%. This part of the reflected light is easy to form another virtual image in the human eye, and may also form stray light, which will affect the user's ability to obtain a clear display.
  • the present invention provides an imaging module, which includes: a display screen 10 , a glued lens group 20 , a first phase retarder 30 and a polarizer 40 .
  • the display screen 10 emits light 110
  • the first phase retarder 30 and the polarizer 40 are arranged between the display screen 10 and the doublet lens group 20 .
  • the display screen 10 has a light emitting surface from which the light 110 is emitted; wherein, the display principles of the display screen 10 include various types.
  • the principle of display screen 10 includes LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) liquid crystal display, or LED (Light Emitting Diode) light-emitting diode, OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) organic light-emitting diode, Micro-OLED (Micro-Organic Light-Emitting Diode) ) miniature organic light-emitting diodes, ULED (Ultra Light Emitting Diode) extreme light-emitting diodes, or DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) digital micromirror chips, etc.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • Micro-OLED Micro-Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • ULED User-Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • DMD Digital
  • the cemented lens group 20 is arranged in the light-emitting direction of the display screen 10, and the cemented lens group 20 includes a first lens 210 and a second lens 220 that are glued together, and the first lens 210 and the second lens 220 are arranged in sequence along the propagation direction of the light 110;
  • the area of the light-emitting surface of the screen 10 is small.
  • the light 110 needs to be enlarged.
  • the function of the glued mirror group 20 is to enlarge and analyze the light 110, so as to ensure that the user obtains a clear image that can be recognized.
  • the first phase retarder 30 is arranged on the light incident surface 211 of the first lens; the first phase retarder 30 is used to change the polarization state of the light 110, such as converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, or converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light.
  • the first phase retarder 30 can also convert elliptically polarized light.
  • the polarizer 40 is disposed on a surface of the first phase retarder 30 facing away from the first lens 210 .
  • the function of the polarizer 40 is to polarize the light 110 so that the light 110 passing through the polarizer 40 has a uniform polarization state.
  • the first phase retarder 30 and the polarizer 40 may have a film-layer structure, and the film-layer structure is conducive to reducing the volume of the imaging module.
  • the first phase retarder 30 and the polarizer 40 can be installed on the surface of the first lens 210 by optical glue. Film coating may also be used, and the first phase retarder 30 and the polarizer 40 are sequentially coated on the surface of the first lens 210 .
  • the first phase retarder 30 and the polarizer 40 are independent optical components, and the installation method is also adopted by optical glue.
  • the light 110 emitted by the display screen 10 is directed to the first lens 210 of the doubled lens group 20 .
  • the light 110 passes through the polarizer 40 and the first phase retarder 30 in sequence. Since the first phase retarder 30 is disposed between the polarizer 40 and the first lens 210 , the optical surface of the first phase retarder 30 avoids contact with air, reduces the passing optical medium, thereby reducing the reflection of the light 110 . It can be further seen that the polarizer 40 is disposed on the surface of the first phase retarder 30 facing away from the first lens 210. When the light 110 is reflected by the polarizer 40 , the reflected direction is also toward the direction away from the human eye 101 .
  • the direction of reflection is also away from the human eye 101 . It can be seen that, when the first phase retarder 30 avoids contact with air to reduce reflection, the direction of reflection is still facing away from the human eye 101, further reducing the reflected light 110 entering the human eye 101, and reducing the generation of ghost images , to ensure that the user obtains a clear display screen.
  • the imaging module further includes: a beam splitter 50 , a second phase retarder 60 , and a polarizing reflector 70 .
  • the beam splitter 50 is arranged between the first phase retarder 30 and the first lens 210; when the light 110 passes through the beam splitter 50, part of the light 110 is reflected, and the other part of the light 110 is transmitted, and the reflection and transmittance ratio can be 1:1, or 2:1, or 1:2, etc.
  • the light splitter 50 can be a semi-reflective and semi-permeable film.
  • the beam splitter 50 may be pasted between the first phase retarder 30 and the first lens 210 by optical glue.
  • Film coating can also be used to coat the beam splitter 50 on the surface of the first phase retarder 30 or on the surface of the first lens 210 .
  • the second phase retarder 60 is arranged between the first lens 210 and the second lens 220, and the angle between the optical axis of the second phase retarder 60 and the transmission axis of the polarizer 40 is 45°, which can be positive 45° , can also be minus 45°; the second phase retarder 60 is also a film structure, and the second phase retarder 60 can be pasted between the first lens 210 and the second lens 220 by optical glue.
  • the way of coating can also be adopted, and the spectroscopic element 50 is coated on the surface of the first lens 210 or on the surface of the second lens 220 .
  • the polarizing reflector 70 is disposed on the light emitting surface 222 of the second lens, and the transmission axis of the polarizer 40 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing reflector 70 .
  • the polarizing reflector 70 may also be a film structure, and the polarizing reflector 70 may be pasted on the second lens 220 by optical glue.
  • the spectroscopic element 50 may also be coated on the surface of the second lens 220 by coating.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizer 40 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing reflector 70 to ensure that the light 110 is refracted and reflected inside the imaging module.
  • the display screen 10 emits light 110 , and after the emitted light 110 sequentially passes through the polarizer 40 and the first phase retarder 30 , the polarization state of the light 110 is circularly polarized light.
  • the light 110 When the light 110 is incident on the first lens 210 , the light 110 firstly passes through the light splitter 50 , a part of the light 110 is transmitted, and the other part of the light 110 is reflected.
  • the light 110 transmitted through the beam splitter 50 continues to propagate, passes through the first lens 210 and then enters the second phase retarder 60 , the polarization state of the circularly polarized light 110 changes, and the circularly polarized light is transformed into linearly polarized light.
  • the linearly polarized light 110 passes through the second lens 220 and goes toward the polarizing reflector 70 . At this time, the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light is different from the transmission axis direction of the polarizing reflector 70, and the light 110 is reflected.
  • the reflected light 110 passes through the second lens 220, the second phase retarder 60 and the first lens 210 in sequence, and then shoots to the beam splitter 50 again.
  • the light 110 passes through the beam splitter 50 again, the light 110 is partially reflected to the first lens 210 .
  • the light 110 is a circularly polarized light, and after reflection, the rotation direction of the light 110 changes, and the light 110 passes through the second phase retarder 60 again and is converted into linearly polarized light again.
  • the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is the same as the transmission axis direction of the polarizing reflector 70 , and during this process, the diameter of the optical path is continuously enlarged.
  • the magnified transmission of the image is realized in a limited space, which advantageously reduces the volume of the imaging module.
  • the way of pasting is easy to operate, and the way of coating is more firm.
  • both the first phase retarder 30 and the second phase retarder 60 are quarter-wave plates.
  • the linearly polarized light 110 is converted into circularly polarized light after passing through a quarter-wave plate.
  • the circularly polarized light 110 is converted into linearly polarized light by a quarter-wave plate.
  • the polarizer 40 is a linear polarizer, and the light 110 emitted by the display screen 10 may have multiple polarization states, such as circularly polarized light, elliptically polarized light or linearly polarized light, or one of the three or The combination of the two kinds of light 110 can also be natural light. After the light rays 110 pass through the polarizer 40 , they are all converted into linearly polarized light with the same polarization direction, and the polarization states of the light rays 110 are unified, which facilitates subsequent refraction and reflection of the light rays 110 .
  • the imaging module also includes a third phase retarder 80, the third phase retarder 80 is arranged between the polarizer 40 and the display screen 10, and the optical axis of the third phase retarder and the polarizer
  • the included angle between the transmission axes of 40 is 45°, which can be positive 45° or negative 45°.
  • the third phase retarder 80 may also be a quarter-wave plate.
  • the light 110 reflected by the polarizer 40 is converted into circularly polarized light after passing through the third phase retarder 80, and after being reflected by the display screen 10, the rotation direction of the circularly polarized light changes, from left-handed to right-handed, or right-handed become left-handed.
  • the circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 40, and the light 110 cannot pass through the polarizer 40, thereby reducing Generation of stray light.
  • the first lens 210 is one of a flat lens, a concave-convex lens, a bi-convex lens or a bi-concave lens.
  • the first lens 210 is a flat lens
  • the light-incident surface 211 of the first lens and the light-exit surface 212 of the first lens are both planes, and they are arranged in parallel.
  • the concave surface may face the display screen 10
  • the convex surface may face the display screen 10 .
  • meniscus lenses there are many types of meniscus lenses, such as meniscus lenses.
  • the concave effect can make the passing light diverge, which is convenient to expand the diameter of the optical path.
  • the first lens 210 is a biconvex lens, it can effectively converge the light 110 .
  • the first lens 210 is a biconcave lens, it can effectively diverge the light 110 .
  • the second lens 220 also has various configuration types, specifically including that the second lens 220 is one of a plano-convex lens, a concave-convex lens, or a bi-convex lens.
  • the second lens 220 is a plano-convex lens
  • the light incident surface 221 of the second lens is a plane
  • the light exit surface 222 of the second lens is a convex surface.
  • the meniscus lens may be a meniscus lens
  • the light incident surface 221 of the second lens is concave
  • the light exit surface 222 of the second lens is convex.
  • both the light incident surface 221 of the second lens and the light exit surface 222 of the second lens are convex surfaces.
  • the light 110 is effectively converged to the position of the human eye 101 for imaging.
  • the imaging module further includes a third lens 90 , the third lens 90 is disposed on the side of the doubled lens group 20 away from the display screen 10 , and the third lens 90 is a positive lens.
  • the refractive power of the positive lens is positive, that is to say, after the light 110 passes through the third lens 90 , the light 110 will converge toward the optical axis of the imaging module, further ensuring that the light 110 is converged and formed at the position of the human eye 101 .
  • the third lens 90 can also be glued together with the cemented lens group 20, which is beneficial to the reduction of the volume of the imaging module.
  • the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the imaging module is defined as the height direction, and the direction parallel to the optical axis direction is defined as the horizontal direction.
  • the height of the first lens 210 is D1
  • the height of the second lens 220 is D2
  • the height of the third lens 90 is D3, then the following conditions are met: D3 ⁇ D2, and D3 ⁇ D1.
  • the effective height of the third lens 90 is smaller than the effective height of the first lens 210 and the second lens 220 .
  • the light 110 needs to be bent at a large angle toward the optical axis of the imaging module when it hits the third lens 90 .
  • the third lens 90 is a positive lens, the converging position of the light 110 is closer to the imaging module, so the imaging position is closer.
  • the overall volume of the imaging module is smaller and more convenient for users to use.
  • the doubled lens group 20 there are at least two situations for the location of the doubled lens group 20 .
  • the first situation is that the doubled lens group 20 is arranged on the light-emitting surface of the display screen 10 .
  • the light 110 directly enters the glued lens group 20 after passing through the display screen 10, and the light 110 avoids propagating in the atmosphere, thus reducing the optical medium through which the light 110 passes, thereby reducing the reflection of the light 110, and reducing the light 110 being absorbed by the optical medium. absorb.
  • the second situation is that the doublet lens group 20 is spaced apart from the display screen 10 .
  • the propagation distance of the light 110 can be enlarged, the optical path length can be increased, and the light 110 can have a sufficient refraction path, so that the light 110 can be fully enlarged and analyzed for imaging.
  • Table 1 lists the specific parameters of an embodiment of the imaging module, and gives the calculated optical surface correspondence coefficients.
  • Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the modulation transfer function MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) curve diagrams of the imaging module in this embodiment at 450nm, 540nm and 610nm respectively.
  • the MTF diagram refers to the modulation degree and The relationship between the number of lines per millimeter in the image is used to evaluate the ability to restore the details of the scene. It can be seen from the figure that the MTF value of the imaging module is higher than 0.55 at the spatial frequency of 70 lines per millimeter at the wavelength of 540nm, and higher than 0.1 at the wavelengths of 450nm and 610nm. In the main viewing angle range, the MTF value is greater than 0.55, and the resolution is good.
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • the phase retarder 30 and the polarizer 40 are attached to the rear surface of the lens 210, and the interface between the phase retarder 30 and the air is canceled, and the surface reflectivity of the phase retarder 30 is reduced to below 0.1%, which can reduce the reflectivity due to the phase retardation.
  • the intensity of stray light caused by reflections from the surface of the device 30 is reduced by about 80%.
  • the present invention also provides a head-mounted display device.
  • the head-mounted display device includes a casing and an imaging module as above, and the imaging module is arranged on the casing.
  • the casing can provide an installation space for supporting the imaging module, and the imaging module is arranged in the casing, so as to prevent water vapor or dust from the external environment from falling into the inside of the imaging module.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种成像模组和头戴显示设备。其中，成像模组包括：显示屏幕、胶合镜组、第一位相延迟器和起偏器，所述显示屏幕具有出射光线的出光面；所述胶合镜组设于所述显示屏幕的出光方向，所述胶合镜组包括胶合设置的第一透镜和第二透镜，所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜沿光线的传播方向依次设置；所述第一位相延迟器设于所述第一透镜的入光面；所述起偏器设于所述第一位相延迟器背向所述第一透镜的表面。本发明的技术方案能够减少鬼影的产生，保证用户获得清晰的成像画面。

Description

成像模组和头戴显示设备 技术领域
本发明涉及光学显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种成像模组和头戴显示设备。
背景技术
在头戴显示设备(Head Mount Display)中为了减少整个设备的体积，通常在头戴显示设备的内部设计折反射光路，使光线在有限的空间内多次往返传递，放大成像。为保证光线能够顺利折反射，显示屏幕发射的光线需要具有一致的偏振状态，为此在显示屏幕上设置偏振转换器件。但是这些偏振转换器件与空气直接接触，光线在经过这些偏振转换器件时，光线会发生反射，这部分反射的光线容易在人眼成像另外一个虚像，导致鬼影的产生，影响用户获得清晰的显示画面。
发明内容
基于此，针对现有显示屏幕上设置偏振转换器件，光线在经过这些偏振转换器件时，容易产生鬼影，影响用户获得清晰的显示画面的问题，有必要提供一种成像模组和头戴显示设备，旨在能够减少鬼影的产生，保证用户获得清晰的成像画面。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种成像模组，所述成像模组包括：
显示屏幕，所述显示屏幕具有出射光线的出光面；
胶合镜组，所述胶合镜组设于所述显示屏幕的出光方向，所述胶合镜组包括胶合设置的第一透镜和第二透镜，所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜沿光线的传播方向依次设置；
第一位相延迟器，所述第一位相延迟器设于所述第一透镜的入光面；以及
起偏器，所述起偏器设于所述第一位相延迟器背向所述第一透镜的表面。
可选地，所述成像模组还包括：
分光件，所述分光件设于所述第一位相延迟器和所述第一透镜之间；
第二位相延迟器，所述第二位相延迟器设于所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜之间；以及
偏振反射器，所述偏振反射器设于所述第二透镜的出光面，所述起偏器的透过轴与所述偏振反射器的透过轴正交。
可选地，所述第一位相延迟器和所述第二位相延迟器均为四分之一波片。
可选地，所述成像模组还包括第三位相延迟器，所述第三位相延迟器设于所述起偏器和所述显示屏幕之间。
可选地，所述第一透镜为平板透镜、凹凸透镜、双凸透镜或者双凹透镜的其中一种。
可选地，所述第二透镜为平凸透镜、凹凸透镜或者双凸透镜的其中一种，所述第二透镜的出光面为凸起面。
可选地，所述成像模组还包括第三透镜，所述第三透镜设于所述胶合镜组背离所述显示屏幕的一侧，所述第三透镜为正透镜。
可选地，定义垂直于所述成像模组的光轴方向为高度方向，所述第一透镜的高度为D1，所述第二透镜的高度为D2，所述第三透镜的高度为D3，则满足：
D3＜D2，且，D3＜D1。
可选地，所述胶合镜组设于所述显示屏幕的出光面；
或者，所述胶合镜组与所述显示屏幕间隔设置。
此外，为了解决上述问题，本发明还提供一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括壳体和如上文所述成像模组，所述成像模组设于所述壳体。
本发明提出的技术方案中，显示屏幕发射的光线射向胶合镜组的第一透镜。光线依次穿过起偏器和第一位相延迟器。由于第一位相延迟器设置在起偏器和第一透镜之间，第一位相延迟器的光学面避免了与空气的接触，从而减少光线的反射。进一步可知，起偏器设置在第一位相延迟器背向第一透镜的表面。光线在遇到起偏器反射时，反射的方向也是朝向远离人眼的方向。同样可知的是，光线在由显示屏幕射向第一位相延迟器时，即使在第一位相 延迟器的表面有反射，反射的方向同样是朝向远离人眼的方向。由此可知，在第一位相延迟器避免与空气接触减少反射的情况下，反射的方向还是朝向远离人眼的方向，进一步的减少反射光线射入人眼，减少鬼影的产生，保证用户获得清晰的显示画面。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明成像模组一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1中胶合镜组的部分位置的结构示意图；
图3为图1中透镜的高度示意图；
图4为图1中成像模组在450nm下的调制传递函数图；
图5为图1中成像模组在540nm下的调制传递函数图；
图6为图1中成像模组在610nm下的调制传递函数图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 显示屏幕 222 第二透镜的出光面
101 人眼 30 第一位相延迟器
110 光线 40 起偏器
20 胶合镜组 50 分光件
210 第一透镜 60 第二位相延迟器
211 第一透镜的入光面 70 偏振反射器
212 第一透镜的出光面 80 第三位相延迟器
220 第二透镜 90 第三透镜
221 第二透镜的入光面    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步 说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
在头戴显示设备中设置偏振转换器件。这些偏振转换器件与空气直接接触，例如位相传感器是偏振转换器件的一种，光线在经过位相传感器时，光线会发生反射，位相传感器每个光学面的反射比例在4％～5％，即便设置增透膜，反射率依然在0.5％左右，这部分反射的光线容易在人眼成像另外一个虚 像，还可能形成杂散光，这些都会影响用户获得清晰的显示画面。
为了解决上述问题，参阅图1和图2所示，本发明提供一种成像模组，成像模组包括：显示屏幕10、胶合镜组20、第一位相延迟器30和起偏器40。显示屏幕10发射光线110，第一位相延迟器30和起偏器40设置在显示屏幕10和胶合镜组20之间。
显示屏幕10具有出射光线110的出光面；其中，显示屏幕10的显示原理包括有多种。例如，显示屏幕10的原理包括LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)液晶显示器，或者是LED(LightEmitting Diode)发光二极管，OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode)有机发光二极管，Micro-OLED(Micro-Organic Light-Emitting Diode)微型有机发光二极管、ULED(Ultra Light Emitting Diode)极致发光二极管，或者DMD(Digital Micromirror Device)数字微镜芯片等。
胶合镜组20设于显示屏幕10的出光方向，胶合镜组20包括胶合设置的第一透镜210和第二透镜220，第一透镜210和第二透镜220沿光线110的传播方向依次设置；显示屏幕10中出光面面积较小，为了保证用户获得放大后的显示画面，光线110需要经过放大，胶合镜组20的作用在于放大解析光线110，从而保证用户获得能够识别的清晰画面。
第一位相延迟器30设于第一透镜的入光面211；第一位相延迟器30用于改变光线110的偏振状态，例如将线偏振光转化为圆偏振光，或者将圆偏振光转化为线偏振光。当然，第一位相延迟器30也可以转化的椭圆偏振光。
起偏器40设于第一位相延迟器30背向第一透镜210的表面。起偏器40的作用在于使光线110进行偏振，使经过起偏器40的光线110具有统一的偏振状态。第一位相延迟器30和起偏器40可以膜层结构，膜层结构利于成像模组体积减小。其中，第一位相延迟器30和起偏器40可以通过光学胶粘贴设置在第一透镜210的表面。也可以采用镀膜的方式，依次将第一位相延迟器30和起偏器40镀在第一透镜210的表面。除此之外，第一位相延迟器30和起偏器40为独立的光学元件，设置方式也采用光学胶粘贴的方式。
本实施例提出的技术方案中，显示屏幕10发射的光线110射向胶合镜组20的第一透镜210。光线110依次穿过起偏器40和第一位相延迟器30。由于第一位相延迟器30设置在起偏器40和第一透镜210之间，第一位相延迟器30的光学面避免了与空气的接触，减少经过的光学介质，从而减少光线110的反射。进 一步可知，起偏器40设置在第一位相延迟器30背向第一透镜210的表面。光线110在遇到起偏器40反射时，反射的方向也是朝向远离人眼101的方向。同样可知的是，光线110在由显示屏幕10射向第一位相延迟器30时，即使在第一位相延迟器30的表面有反射，反射的方向同样是朝向远离人眼101的方向。由此可知，在第一位相延迟器30避免与空气接触减少反射的情况下，反射的方向还是朝向远离人眼101的方向，进一步的减少反射光线110射入人眼101，减少鬼影的产生，保证用户获得清晰的显示画面。
在上述实施例中，成像模组还包括：分光件50、第二位相延迟器60、偏振反射器70。分光件50设于第一位相延迟器30和第一透镜210之间；光线110在经过分光件50时部分光线110反射，另一部分光线110透射，反射和透射比可以是1:1，也可以是2:1，还以是1:2等例如，分光件50可以为半反半透膜。分光件50可以通过光学胶粘贴在第一位相延迟器30和第一透镜210之间。也可以采用镀膜的方式，将分光件50镀在第一位相延迟器30的表面或是镀在第一透镜210的表面。第二位相延迟器60设于第一透镜210和第二透镜220之间，第二位相延迟器60的光轴与起偏器40的透过轴之间夹角为45°，可以正45°，也可以是负45°；第二位相延迟器60也为膜层结构，第二位相延迟器60可以通过光学胶粘贴在第一透镜210和第二透镜220之间。也可以采用镀膜的方式，将分光件50镀在第一透镜210的表面或是镀在第二透镜220的表面。
偏振反射器70设于第二透镜的出光面222，起偏器40的透过轴与偏振反射器70的透过轴正交。同样地，偏振反射器70也可以为膜层结构，偏振反射器70可以通过光学胶粘贴在第二透镜220上。也可以采用镀膜的方式，将分光件50镀在第二透镜220的表面。另外，起偏器40的透过轴与偏振反射器70的透过轴正交能够保证光线110在成像模组内部折反射。具体的是，显示屏幕10发射光线110，发射的光线110依次经过起偏器40和第一位相延迟器30后，光线110的偏振状态为圆偏振光。光线110在射向第一透镜210时，光线110首先经过分光件50，一部光线110透射，另一部分光线110反射。透射分光件50的光线110继续传播，并经过第一透镜210后射向第二位相延迟器60，圆偏振光线110的偏振状态发生改变，圆偏振光变换为线偏振光。线偏振的光线110透射第二透镜220，射向偏振反射器70。此时，线偏振光的振动方向与偏振反射器70的透过轴方向不同，光线110被反射。反射的光线110依次经过第二透镜220、第二 位相延迟器60和第一透镜210，并再次射向分光件50，光线110再次经过分光件50时，光线110被部分反射向第一透镜210。此时光线110为圆偏振光，经过反射后，光线110的旋转方向发生了改变，光线110再次经过第二位相延迟器60后再次转换为线偏振光。此时，线偏振光的偏振方向与偏振反射器70的透射轴方向相同，在这个过程中，光路直径不断的放大。通过光线110的多次折反射，在有限的空间内实现了图像的放大传递，有利的减少了成像模组的体积。粘贴的方式作业简单，镀膜的方式膜层更加牢固。
进一步地，为了有效保证光线110在圆偏振和线偏振状态之间切换，第一位相延迟器30和第二位相延迟器60均为四分之一波片。线偏振状态的光线110经过四分之一波片后转化为圆偏振光。圆偏振光线110经过四分之一波片转化为线偏振光。
在上述实施例中，起偏器40为线偏振器，显示屏幕10发出的光线110可能具有多种偏振状态，圆偏振光、椭圆偏振光或者线偏振光，还可以是三者其中一种或两种光线110的组合，还可以是自然光。这些光线110在经过起偏器40后，都转化为偏振方向相同的线偏振光，光线110的偏振状态统一，也便于接下来完成光线110的折反射。
在本申请的一实施例中，显示屏幕10发射出的光线110在遇到起偏器40后，除了透射于起偏器40的光线110外，还有一部分光线110被反射，这部分光线110在射向显示屏幕10后会再次反射，容易产生影响显示屏幕10的杂散光。为了进一步的减少杂散光，成像模组还包括第三位相延迟器80，第三位相延迟器80设于起偏器40和显示屏幕10之间，第三相位延迟器的光轴与起偏器40的透过轴之间夹角为45°，可以正45°，也可以是负45°。其中，第三位相延迟器80也可以为四分之一波片。起偏器40反射的光线110在经过第三位相延迟器80，转化为圆偏振光，经过显示屏幕10的反射后，圆偏振光的旋转方向发生了改变，左旋变右旋，或者是右旋变成左旋。光线110再次经过第三相位延迟器后，圆偏振光转化为线偏振光，且线偏振光的偏振方向与起偏器40的透过轴垂直，光线110无法穿过起偏器40，从而减少杂散光的产生。
进一步地，为了胶合镜组20发挥解析成像的作用，第一透镜210为平板透镜、凹凸透镜、双凸透镜或者双凹透镜的其中一种。第一透镜210为平板透镜时，第一透镜的入光面211和第一透镜的出光面212均为平面，且两者平行设 置。通过平整的光学表面，便于设置第一位相延迟器30和起偏器40。第一透镜210为凹凸透镜时，可以是凹面朝向显示屏幕10，也可以是凸面朝向显示屏幕10。凹凸透镜的种类较多，例如弯月透镜。凹面效果能够使经过的光线发散，便于扩大光路直径。第一透镜210为双凸透镜时，可以有效的会聚光线110。第一透镜210为双凹透镜时，可以有效的使光线110发散。
进一步地，第二透镜220的设置类型也具有多种，具体包括第二透镜220为平凸透镜、凹凸透镜或者双凸透镜的其中一种。第二透镜220为平凸透镜时，第二透镜的入光面221为平面，第二透镜的出光面222为凸起面。第二透镜220为凹凸透镜时，凹凸透镜可以是弯月透镜，第二透镜的入光面221为凹面，第二透镜的出光面222为凸起面。第二透镜220为双凸透镜时，第二透镜的入光面221和第二透镜的出光面222均为凸起面。通过第二透镜的出光面222凸起设置，光线110有效的向人眼101位置会聚成像。
在本申请的另一实施例中，成像模组还包括第三透镜90，第三透镜90设于胶合镜组20背离显示屏幕10的一侧，第三透镜90为正透镜。正透镜的光焦度为正，也就是说，光线110在经过第三透镜90后，光线110会向成像模组的光轴位置会聚，进一步保证光线110在人眼101位置会聚成像。另外，第三透镜90还可以与胶合镜组20胶合在一起，有利于成像模组体积的减少。
参阅图3所示，为了减小成像模组的体积，定义垂直于成像模组的光轴方向为高度方向，与光轴方向平行的方向为水平方向。第一透镜210的高度为D1，第二透镜220的高度为D2，第三透镜90的高度为D3，则满足：D3＜D2，且，D3＜D1。由此可知的是，第三透镜90的有效高度尺寸小于第一透镜210和第二透镜220的有效高度尺寸。如此，光线110在射向第三透镜90时需要向成像模组的光轴方向大角度弯曲。且由于第三透镜90为正透镜，光线110会聚的位置距离成像模组更近，如此，成像的位置更近。成像模组的整体体积更加小巧，也便于用户使用。
在上述实施例中，胶合镜组20的设置位置至少有两种情况，第一种情况是胶合镜组20设于显示屏幕10的出光面。这样，光线110在经过显示屏幕10射出后直接进入到胶合镜组20，光线110避免在大气中传播，如此减少光线110经过的光学介质，进而减少光线110的反射，减少光线110被光学介质的吸收。
除此之外，第二种情况是胶合镜组20与显示屏幕10间隔设置。如此，能 够扩大光线110的传播距离，增加光程，使光线110拥有充分的折反射路径，进而使光线110充分放大解析成像。
表一列出了成像模组中一实施例的具体参数，并给出了计算光学表面对应系数。
表一
Figure PCTCN2021134044-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021134044-appb-000002
另外，针对上述实施例，图4、图5、图6分别为450nm、540nm、610nm下本实施例中成像模组的调制传递函数MTF(Modulation Transfer Function)曲线图，MTF图是指调制度与图像内每毫米线对数之间的关系，用于评价对景物细部还原能力。从图中可以看出在空间频率每毫米线对数70下，540nm波长下，成像模组MTF值高于0.55，450nm和610nm波长下，成像模组MTF高于0.1。在主要视场角范围内，MTF值大于0.55，分辨率良好。
本实施例中，将位相延迟器30和偏振器40贴附到镜片210后表面，取消位相延迟器30与空气交接界面，位相延迟器30表面反射率降低到0.1％以下，可将由于位相延迟器30表面反射引起的杂散光强度降低约80％。
本发明还提供一种头戴显示设备，头戴显示设备包括壳体和如上文成像模组，成像模组设于壳体。壳体能够提供一个支撑成像模组的安装空间，成像模组设置在壳体内，如此能够避免外部环境的水汽或者灰尘落入到成像模组的内部。
本发明的头戴显示器的实施方式可以参照上述成像模组各实施例，在此不再赘述。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种成像模组，其特征在于，所述成像模组包括：
    显示屏幕，所述显示屏幕具有出射光线的出光面；
    胶合镜组，所述胶合镜组设于所述显示屏幕的出光方向，所述胶合镜组包括胶合设置的第一透镜和第二透镜，所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜沿光线的传播方向依次设置；
    第一位相延迟器，所述第一位相延迟器设于所述第一透镜的入光面；以及
    起偏器，所述起偏器设于所述第一位相延迟器背向所述第一透镜的表面。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的成像模组，其特征在于，所述成像模组还包括：
    分光件，所述分光件设于所述第一位相延迟器和所述第一透镜之间；
    第二位相延迟器，所述第二位相延迟器设于所述第一透镜和所述第二透镜之间；以及
    偏振反射器，所述偏振反射器设于所述第二透镜的出光面。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的成像模组，其特征在于，所述第一位相延迟器和所述第二位相延迟器均为四分之一波片。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的成像模组，其特征在于，所述成像模组还包括第三位相延迟器，所述第三位相延迟器设于所述起偏器和所述显示屏幕之间。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的成像模组，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为平板透镜、凹凸透镜、双凸透镜或者双凹透镜的其中一种。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的成像模组，其特征在于，所述第二透镜为平凸透镜、凹凸透镜或者双凸透镜的其中一种，所述第二透镜的出光面为凸起面。
  7. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的成像模组，其特征在于，所述成像模 组还包括第三透镜，所述第三透镜设于所述胶合镜组背离所述显示屏幕的一侧，所述第三透镜为正透镜。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的成像模组，其特征在于，定义垂直于所述成像模组的光轴方向为高度方向，所述第一透镜的高度为D1，所述第二透镜的高度为D2，所述第三透镜的高度为D3，则满足：
    D3＜D2，且，D3＜D1。
  9. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的成像模组，其特征在于，所述胶合镜组设于所述显示屏幕的出光面；
    或者，所述胶合镜组与所述显示屏幕间隔设置。
  10. 一种头戴显示设备，其特征在于，所述头戴显示设备包括壳体和如权利要求1至9中任一项所述成像模组，所述成像模组设于所述壳体。
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