WO2023247595A1 - Pyrazolopyrazine carboxamides et leurs utilisations comme inhibiteurs de pdgfr - Google Patents

Pyrazolopyrazine carboxamides et leurs utilisations comme inhibiteurs de pdgfr Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023247595A1
WO2023247595A1 PCT/EP2023/066732 EP2023066732W WO2023247595A1 WO 2023247595 A1 WO2023247595 A1 WO 2023247595A1 EP 2023066732 W EP2023066732 W EP 2023066732W WO 2023247595 A1 WO2023247595 A1 WO 2023247595A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrazolo
pyrazine
carboxamide
methyl
pyrazol
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/066732
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tianbao Lu
Bin Zhu
Michael J. Hawkins
Zhijie Liu
Guozhang Xu
Carlos A. Guerrero
Original Assignee
Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd filed Critical Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Publication of WO2023247595A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023247595A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Definitions

  • GF growth factors
  • GF bind to several different receptors that amplify the signal through activation of the specific receptor through phosphorylation, leading to confirmation changes increasing the affinity for ATP and the phosphorylation of downstream proteins leading to activation of several signaling cascades. Therefore, small changes in GF or the cognate receptors can significantly alter the local signaling and have dramatic effects on initiation and progression of many diseases.
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of many GFs that regulate cell growth and division. PDGF exerts its biological responses via activation of two highly specific, transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, termed PDGFR ⁇ and PDGFR ⁇ , which can form three different dimeric receptors – ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • receptors can interact with the different dimeric PDGF ligands (PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-CC, PDGF-DD and PDGF-AB) with different specificities and efficacies.
  • the receptors are activated by ligand- induced dimerization, leading to autophosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues.
  • PDGFR phosphorylation recruits signaling proteins containing Tyr(P)-binding domains.
  • signaling proteins include Src kinase family members, phospholipase C-y1, the p38a subunit of PI3K, GTPase-activating protein.
  • MAP Ras-mitogen activated protein
  • PI3kinase-Akt the PI3kinase-Akt pathway
  • PLC-y1 the PLC-y1
  • Src the Src pathway.
  • Activation of PDGFR ⁇ or PDGFR ⁇ by PDGFs leads to protein synthesis, proliferation, migration, protection against apoptosis and cellular transformation, key mechanisms associated with several vascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension.
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors (PDGFR), including PDGFR ⁇ and PDGFR ⁇ play important roles in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and the regulation of stromal cell function.
  • PDGFR signaling is implicated in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
  • PDGFs are expressed in ECs, SMCs and macrophages and are strong mitogens and chemokines.
  • Increased signaling through PDGFR ⁇ leads to smooth muscle cell proliferation which contributes to the development of vascular remodeling.
  • PDGF and PDGF receptors ( ⁇ and ⁇ ) are upregulated in human and animals with pulmonary hypertension. Preclinically, efficacy in preventing and reversing vascular remodeling in experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension was demonstrated through non-selective inhibition of PDGF receptors.
  • imatinib also known as Gleevec
  • a non-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor including PDGF receptors improved exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients with advanced pulmonary hypertension.
  • dasatinib a receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is N or CH; R 1 is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, halogen, -CN, or C 1 -C 4 fluoroalkyl; R 7 is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or -OC 1 -C 6 alkyl; R 2 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted spiroheterocycloalkyl; R 3 and R 4 are each independently optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted spirocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl; or one of R 3 or R 4 may be H
  • compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in treating conditions in which PDGFR signaling is implicated are also provided.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS [0011] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terminology used in the description is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.
  • compound refers to any specific chemical compound disclosed herein and includes tautomers, optical isomers (enantiomers) and other stereoisomers (diastereomers) thereof, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives, including prodrug and/or deuterated forms thereof where applicable.
  • Deuterated small molecules contemplated are those in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms contained in the drug molecule have been replaced by deuterium. It is understood by those of ordinary skill that molecules which are described herein are stable compounds as generally described hereunder.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved or approvable by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or the corresponding agency in countries other than the United States, or that is listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia or other generally recognized pharmacopoeia for use in animals, e.g., in humans.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound of the disclosure that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound. In particular, such salts are non-toxic may be inorganic or organic acid addition salts and base addition salts.
  • such salts include: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid, 2- hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2- naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulf
  • Salts further include, by way of example only, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, and the like; and when the compound contains a basic functionality, salts of non-toxic organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, tartrate, mesylate, acetate, maleate, oxalate and the like.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a substance that is non- toxic, biologically tolerable, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to a subject, such as an inert substance, added to a pharmacological composition or otherwise used as a vehicle, carrier, or diluent to facilitate administration of an agent and that is compatible therewith.
  • a “solvate” refers to a physical association of a compound of formula (I) with one or more solvent molecules.
  • alkyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group, refers to a straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C 1 - C 12 ”), preferably 1 to 6 carbons atoms (“C 1 -C 6 ”), in the group.
  • alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, and the like.
  • the alkyl group is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl; in some embodiments, it is a C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • a range of carbon atoms is used herein, for example, C 1 -C 6 , all ranges, as well as individual numbers of carbon atoms are encompassed.
  • C 1 -C 3 includes C 1 -C 3 , C 1 -C 2 , C 2 -C 3 , C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 .
  • cycloalkyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to cyclic-containing, non-aromatic hydrocarbon groups having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms (“C 3- C 10 ”), preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms (“C 3- C 6 ”).
  • cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, indenyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, spiro[3.3]heptanyl, and spiro[3.4]octanyl.
  • fluoroalkyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to an alkyl group wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with one or more fluorine atoms.
  • fluoroalkyl groups examples include -CF 3 , CHF 2 , -CH 2 F and the like.
  • the term “heterocycloalkyl” when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to any three to twelve-membered monocyclic, saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing at least one heteroatom that is O, N or S.
  • the heterocycloalkyl group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring such that the result is a stable structure.
  • heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, azepanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxolanyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dioxanyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, oxazepanyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and the like.
  • bridged heterocycloalkyl ring refers to any 5 to 12 membered heterocycloalkyl ring system that contains at least one bridged ring.
  • bridged heterocycloalkyl rings include azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, azabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, azabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, 6-oxa-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6- diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 3-thia-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, and the like.
  • fused heterocycloalkyl ring system refers to a heterocycloalkyl ring to which another ring is fused.
  • the other ring that is fused to the heterocycle ring may be another heterocycloalkyl ring, a cycloalkyl ring, an aryl ring, or a heteroaryl ring.
  • the fused heterocycloalkyl ring system is a 4 to 12 membered fused heterocycloalkyl ring system.
  • spiroheterocycloalkyl ring system refers to a heterocycloalkyl ring that is substituted with a spirocyclic ring.
  • the spirocyclic ring can be a cycloalkyl ring of a heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • the spiroheterocycloalkyl ring system is a 5-12-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl ring system.
  • halo or “halogen”, by itself or as part of another substituent, means a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom.
  • aryl when used alone or as part of a substituent group also refers to a mono- or bicyclic- aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure having 6 or 10 carbon atoms in the ring, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring is optionally substituted.
  • aryl also includes a mono- or bicyclic- aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure having 6 or 10 carbon atoms in the ring, wherein two adjacent carbon atoms in the ring are optionally substituted such that said two adjacent carbon atoms and their respective substituents form a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, 1, 2, 3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
  • heteroaryl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to a mono- or bicyclic- aromatic ring structure including carbon atoms as well as up to four heteroatoms that are each independently nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Heteroaryl rings can include a total of 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms. The heteroaryl moiety can be unsubstituted, or one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring can be substituted.
  • heteroaryls include but are not limited to pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indazolyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, thianaphthenyl, pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridinyl, quinazolinyl-4(3H)-one, triazolyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole.
  • a substituent may be optionally substituted with one or more of: halo (i.e., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I), cyano, -OH, -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1- C 6 haloalkyl, -C 1 - C 6 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, -NH 2 , -NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), - N(C 1 -C -6 al
  • a substituent may be optionally substituted with one or more of: halo (i.e., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I), cyano, -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, -C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 alkylamino, -NH 2 , -NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), -N(C 1 -C- 6 alkyl) 2 , -NH(C 1 -C 6 alkoxy), -C(O)NHC 1 -C6 alkyl, -C(O)N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2
  • each of the above optional substituents are themselves optionally substituted by one or two groups.
  • a substituent may be optionally substituted with one or more of: halo (i.e., -F, -Cl, -Br, -I), cyano, -OH, -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, -CH 2 CH 2 OH, - CH 2 CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 (OH), -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 (OH), -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 , -CH 2 OH, -C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 (OH), -CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 -(C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl), -C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 2 - C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, -C 1- C 6 haloal
  • each of the above optional substituents are themselves optionally substituted by one or two groups.
  • alkenyl refers to a straight- or branched-chain group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms (“C 2- C 12 ”), preferably 2 to 4 carbons atoms (“C 2 - C 4 ”), in the group, wherein the group includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • alkynyl refers to a straight- or branched-chain group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C 1- C 12 ”), preferably 1 to 4 carbons atoms (“C 2 - C 4 ”), in the group, and wherein the group includes at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • alkynyl groups include ethynyl (-C ⁇ CH; C 2 alkynyl); propargyl (-CH 2 -C ⁇ CH; C 3 alkynyl), propynyl (-C ⁇ CCH 3 ; C 3 alkynyl); butynyl (-C ⁇ CCH 2 CH 3 ; C 4 alkynyl), pentynyl (-C ⁇ CCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; C 5 alkynyl), and the like.
  • alkoxy refers to an oxygen radical attached to an alkyl group by a single bond.
  • alkoxy groups examples include methoxy (-OCH 3 ), ethoxy (-OCH 2 CH 3 ), isopropoxy (-OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ) and the like.
  • haloalkoxy refers to an oxygen radical attached to a haloalkyl group by a single bond. Examples of haloalkoxy groups include -OCF 3 , - OCH 2 CF 3 , -OCH(CF 3 ) 2 , and the like.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with one or more halogen atoms.
  • haloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy group wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with one or more halogen atoms.
  • stereoisomers refers to compounds which have identical chemical constitution, but differ with regard to the arrangement of the atoms or groups in space, e.g., enantiomers, diastereomers or tautomers.
  • patient or “subject” is used throughout the specification to describe an animal, preferably a human or a domesticated animal, to whom treatment, including prophylactic treatment, with the compositions according to the present disclosure is provided.
  • patient refers to that specific animal, including a domesticated animal such as a dog or cat or a farm animal such as a horse, cow, sheep, etc.
  • patient refers to a human patient unless otherwise stated or implied from the context of the use of the term.
  • effective is used to describe an amount of a compound, composition or component which, when used within the context of its intended use, effects an intended result. The term effective subsumes all other effective amount or effective concentration terms, which are otherwise described or used in the present application.
  • Treating” or “treatment” of any disease or disorder refers, in one embodiment, to ameliorating the disease or disorder (e.g., arresting or reducing the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof). In another embodiment “treating” or “treatment” refers to ameliorating at least one physical parameter, which may not be discernible by the subject. In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” refers to modulating the disease or disorder, either physically, (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom), physiologically, (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter), or both. In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” refers to delaying the onset of the disease or disorder.
  • the disclosure is directed to a compound of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is N or CH; R 1 is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, halogen, -CN, or C 1 -C 4 fluoroalkyl; R 7 is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or -OC 1 -C 6 alkyl; R 2 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted spiroheterocycloalkyl; R 3 and R 4 are each independently optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted spirocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl; or one of R 3 or R 4 may
  • X in the compounds of formula (I) is N or CH. [0046] In some embodiments, X is N. [0047] In other embodiments, X is CH. [0048] In some aspects, R 1 in the compounds of formula (I) is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl, halogen, -CN, or C 1 -C 4 fluoroalkyl. [0049] In some embodiments, R 1 is H.
  • R 1 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, and the like.
  • R 1 is methyl.
  • R 1 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C 3 - C 5 cycloalkyl, C 3 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloalkyl, C 6 cycloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like.
  • R 1 is halogen, such as, for example, -F, -Cl, -Br, or -I.
  • R 1 is -F.
  • R 1 is -Cl.
  • R 1 is cyano, i.e., -CN.
  • R 1 is C 1 -C 4 fluoroalkyl, such as, for example, C 4 fluoroalkyl, C 3 fluoroalkyl, C 2 fluoroalkyl, C 1 fluoroalkyl, -CF 3 , -CHF 2 , or -CH 2 F.
  • R 7 in the compounds of formula (I) is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or - OC 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • R 7 is H.
  • R 7 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, and the like.
  • R 7 is methyl.
  • R 7 is -OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, -OC 1 - C 6 alkyl, -OC 1 -C 5 alkyl, -OC 1 -C 4 alkyl, -OC 1 -C 3 alkyl, -OC 1 -C 2 alkyl, -OC 6 alkyl, -OC 5 alkyl, - OC 4 alkyl, -OC 3 alkyl, -OC 2 alkyl, -OC 1 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n- butoxy, t-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, and the like.
  • R 7 is methoxy.
  • R 2 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted spiroheterocycloalkyl.
  • R 2 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted aryl, such as, for example, phenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, 1, 2, 3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted aryl
  • the optionally substituted aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl.
  • the optionally substituted phenyl is substituted with one or more -C(O)NH 2 , halogen, or -CN.
  • the optionally substituted phenyl is substituted with one or more of -C(O)NH 2 , F, or -CN.
  • the optionally substituted phenyl is substituted with one or more of -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NH(CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ), F, or -CN.
  • the optionally substituted phenyl is 2-fluoro- benzamid-4-yl. [0071] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted phenyl is 2-fluoro- benzamid-5yl. [0072] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted phenyl is 2-fluoro-N- methyl-benzamid-4-yl. [0073] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted phenyl is 2-fluoro- benzonitril-4-yl. [0074] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted phenyl is 2-fluoro-N-(2- methoxyethyl)-benzamid-4-yl, i.e., : .
  • R 2 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted heteroaryl, such as, for example, an optionally substituted pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indazolyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, thianaphthenyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, quinazolinyl-4(3H)- one, tri
  • R 2 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted pyrazolyl, optionally substituted pyridinyl, optionally substituted isothiazolyl, optionally substituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl, or optionally substituted 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-3-yl.
  • R 2 in the compounds of formula (I) is pyridin-2(1H)- one-6-yl.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted heteroaryl
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, OC 1 -C 6 alkyl; optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl, preferably oxetanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or morpholinyl.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted heteroaryl
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 5 alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 2 alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted C 5 alkyl, optionally substituted C 4 alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted C 2 alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 alkyl, optionally substituted methyl, optionally substituted ethyl, optionally substituted n-propyl, optionally substituted iso-propyl, optionally substituted n-butyl, optionally substituted t-butyl, optionally substituted iso-butyl,
  • the optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl is -CH 3 , - CH(CH 3 )C(O)NH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , -CH 2 CH 2 CN, or -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 .
  • R 2 is optionally substituted heteroaryl
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with optionally substituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, such as, for example, 3- membered cycloalkyl, 4-membered cycloalkyl, 5- membered cycloalkyl, or 6-membered cycloalkyl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with -cyclopropyl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with optionally substituted OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, optionally substituted OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 1 -C 5 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 1 -C 4 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 1 -C 3 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 1 -C 2 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 6 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 5 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 4 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 3 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 2 alkyl, optionally substituted OC 1 alkyl, optionally substituted methoxy, optionally substituted ethoxy, optionally substituted n-propoxy, optionally substituted
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with OCH 3 .
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl, such as, for example, optionally substituted 4- membered heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted 5- membered heterocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted 6- membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl is oxetanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or morpholinyl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one-5-yl.
  • R 2 is 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl.
  • R 2 is 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-3- yl.
  • R 2 is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine.
  • R 2 is 7-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazin-3-yl.
  • R 2 is 5-benzyl-7-methyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazin-6(7H)-one-3-yl.
  • R 2 is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ol- 3-yl.
  • R 2 is 2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1- b][1,3]oxazin-6-ol-3-yl. [0095] In other embodiments, R 2 is 7-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazin-3-yl. [0096] In other embodiments, R 2 is 7-methyl-6,7-dihydro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin- 4(5H)-one-3-yl. [0097] In some embodiments wherein R 2 is optionally substituted heteroaryl, the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl.
  • R 2 is an optionally substituted pyrazolyl, an optionally substituted triazolyl, an optionally substituted isoxazolyl, an optionally substituted oxadiazolyl, an optionally substituted thiophenyl, or an optionally substituted thiazolyl.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted heteroaryl
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl.
  • R 2 is an optionally substituted pyridinyl, or an optionally substituted pyrimidinyl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, -C 1 -C 6 alk-O-C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, halo, cyano, cyclopropyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5- membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, -C 1 -C 6 alk-SO 2 -C 1 -C 6 alkyl, 6- membered heteroaryl, 5-membered heteroaryl, -C(O)NH 2 , hydroxy-substituted-4-membered heterocycloalkyl, -C 1 -C 6 alk-CO 2 H, or -NH 2 .
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with C 1 -C 6
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 - C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, and the like; or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C 3 cycloalky
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is substituted with an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 - C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n- pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like; or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5 cycl
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an is an optionally substituted pyrrolyl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrrolyl is an unsubstituted pyrrolyl.
  • unsubstituted pyrrolyl is pyrrol-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrrolyl is 1- (methylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an is an optionally substituted pyrazolyl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is an unsubstituted pyrazolyl.
  • the unsubstituted pyrazolyl is pyrazol-1-yl.
  • the unsubstituted pyrazolyl is pyrazol-3-yl.
  • the unsubstituted pyrazolyl is pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is substituted with an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 - C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, and the like; or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C 3 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloalkyl
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is substituted with a methyl group, i.e., -CH 3 .
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is substituted with a 2-hydroxyethyl group, i.e., -CH 2 CH 2 OH.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is substituted with a 2-(C 1 -C 6 alkoxy)ethyl group, i.e., -CH 2 CH 2 O(C 1 -C 6 alkyl).
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is substituted with a 2-methoxyethyl group, i.e., -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 .
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is substituted with a cyclopropyl group.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- methyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-3- yl, 1-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrazol-3-yl, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrazol-5-yl, or 1-(2-methoxyethyl)- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, and in particular optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-pyrazol-5-yl, 1-cyclopropyl-pyrazol-3-yl, 1-cyclopropyl- pyrazol-4
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 3- methylpyrazol-4-yl. [00123] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- ethylpyrazol-5-yl. [00124] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (cyclopropylmethyl)pyrazol-4-yl. [00125] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- cyclobutanyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2- methoxyethyl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00127] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2- methoxyethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl. [00128] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- methyl-pyrazol-4-yl. [00129] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- cyclopropyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- methyl-pyrazol-5-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is substituted with two or three methyl groups.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1,5- dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol- 4-yl, 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl, 1,4-dimethyl-pyrazol-5-yl, or 1,3,5-trimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1,3- dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1,3- dimethyl-pyrazol-5-yl. [00135] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1,5- dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl. [00136] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- methyl-3-methoxy-pyrazol-4-yl. [00137] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1,3,5- trimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl. [00138] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 3,5- dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2,2,2- trifluoroeth-1-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- difluoromethylpyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 3,5- dimethyl-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00144] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 3,5- dimethyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl. [00145] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (thietan-3-yl 1,1-dioxide)-pyrazol-4-yl, i.e., .
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (oxetan-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl. [00147] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (oxetan-3-yl-methyl)-pyrazol-4yl. [00148] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- ((methylsulfonyl)methyl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00149] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 5- (methoxymethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00151] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is (R)-1- (tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00152] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is (S)-1- (tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00154] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- ((cyano)methyl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00155] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(1- (cyano)eth-1-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00156] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2- (cyano)eth-1-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is (1- hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (acetamid-2-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(N- methylacetamid-2-yl)pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (propanamid-3-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(N- methylacetamid-2-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00162] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (propanamide-2-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00163] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(4- piperidinyl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00164] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2- (methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2,3- dihydroxy-propan-1-yl)-pyrazol-3-yl. [00166] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2,3- dihydroxy-propan-1-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00167] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(2- hydroxy-propan-1-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00168] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(3,4- dihydroxy-butan-1yl)-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-((3- hydroxy-isoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00170] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-((3- benzyloxy-isoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00171] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1- (pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 3- (hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl. [00173] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(1- hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-pyrazol-4-yl. [00174] In other embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(3- N,N-dimethylaminopropan-1-yl)pyrazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrazolyl is 1-(4- tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran 1,1-dioxide)-pyrazol-4-yl, i.e., .
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an is an optionally substituted triazolyl.
  • the optionally substituted triazolyl is substituted with an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 - C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, and the like; or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C 3 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloalkyl
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is 2,4-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl. [00179] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is 2-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl. [00180] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an optionally substituted imidazolyl. [00181] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted imidazolyl is 1- methyl-imidazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted imidazolyl is 1- methyl-imidazol-5-yl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an optionally substituted isoxazolyl.
  • the optionally substituted isoxazolyl is 3,5- dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an optionally substituted isothiazolyl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is isothiazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an optionally substituted furanyl.
  • the optionally substituted furanyl is 2- (hydroxymethyl)-furan-5-yl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is furan-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl is an optionally substituted thiophenyl.
  • the optionally substituted thiophenyl is thiopheny-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted thiophenyl is 2- hydroxymethyl-thiophen-5-yl.
  • R 2 in the compounds of formula (I) is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl.
  • the optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl is an optionally substituted pyridinyl, an optionally substituted pyridazinyl, or an optionally substituted pyrimidinyl.
  • the optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl is substituted with an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 - C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n- pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like; or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C 3 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloal
  • the optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl is an is an optionally substituted pyridinyl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is substituted with an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 - C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, and the like; or an optionally substituted C 3
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is unsubstituted pyridinyl.
  • the unsubstituted pyridinyl is pyridine-2-yl.
  • the unsubstituted pyridinyl is pyridine-3-yl.
  • the unsubstituted pyridinyl is pyridine-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is C 1 - C 6 alkoxyl substituted pyridinyl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is methoxy substituted pyridinyl, such as, for example, 4-methoxypyridin-3-yl. [00204] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- methoxypyridin-3-yl. [00205] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- methoxypyridin-5-yl. [00206] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- methoxypyridin-6-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 4- methoxypyridin-3-yl. [00208] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 3- methoxypyridin-4-yl. [00209] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- ethoxypyridin-3-yl. [00210] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- trifluoromethoxypyridin-3-yl. [00211] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- hydroxypyridin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- hydroxypyridin-5-yl. [00213] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- methylpyridin-3-yl. [00214] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- methylpyridin-4-yl. [00215] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- methylpyridin-5-yl. [00216] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- ethylpyridin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2-(2- fluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl. [00218] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- amino-3-fluoro-pyridin-5-yl. [00219] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- amino-pyridin-5-yl or 6-aminopyridin-3-yl. [00220] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2-(4- morpholinyl)-pyridin-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- (dimethylamino)pyridin-4-yl. [00222] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 3- (methylsulfonyl)pyridin-5-yl. [00223] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is: In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is: [00225] [00226] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 4- (acetylamino)-pyridin-2-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 3- (acetylamino)-pyridin-5-yl. [00228] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2- (acetylamino)-pyridin-4-yl. [00229] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridinyl is 2-(N- methylacetamid)-pyridin-4-yl, i.e., . [00230] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl is an is an optionally substituted pyridazinyl.
  • the optionally substituted pyridaziny is 3- methyl-pyridazin-5-yl. [00232] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridaziny is 3,6- dimethoxy-pyridazin-4-yl. [00233] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted pyridaziny is 3- hydroxy-pyridazin-6-yl. [00234] In some embodiments of R 2 , the optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl is an is an optionally substituted pyrimidinyl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrimidinyl is pyrimidin-5-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrimidinyl is 2- methoxy-4-hydroxy-pyrimidin-5-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrimidinyl is 2,4- dimethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl.
  • the optionally substituted pyrimidinyl is 4- methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine.
  • the optionally substituted 6,7-dihydro-5H- pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine is 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is 6,7- dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is 5,6- dihydro-8H-imidazo[2,3-c][1,4]oxazin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is 7,8- dihydro-5H-imidazo[3,2-c][1,3]oxazin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted 1-methylindazol-4-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-1-yl.
  • the optionally substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-1-yl is unsubstituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-1-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-yl
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is an optionally substituted indolyl.
  • the optionally substituted indolyl is an unsubstituted indolyl.
  • the unsubstituted indolyl is indol-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heteroaryl is 2-oxo- 2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl.
  • R 2 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl.
  • the optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl is an optionally substituted dihydropyran, an optionally substituted tetrahydropyran, or an optionally substituted morpholine.
  • the optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl is substituted with hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, or -C 1 -C 6 alk-O-C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • the optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl is
  • the optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl is 1-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl is 1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl.
  • the optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl is morpholin-4-yl.
  • n in the compounds of formula (I) is 1, 2, or 3.
  • n in the compounds of formula (I) is 1.
  • n in the compounds of formula (I) is 2. [00262] In some embodiments, n in the compounds of formula (I) is 3. [00263] In some aspects of the compounds of formula (I), L is -C(O)NH-, - NHC(O)O-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(O)NH-, or -NHC(O)NR 8 -, wherein when L is -NHC(O)NR 8 -, an R 5 or an R 6 attached to a carbon atom, together with R 8 , form a heterocycloalkyl ring; and wherein when L is -C(O)NH-, -NHC(O)O-, -NHC(O)NR 8 -, or -NHC(O)NH-, n is 2 or 3, and when L is -NHC(O)-, n is 1, 2, or 3.
  • n is 1 and L is - NHC(O)-.
  • n is 2, or 3 L is - NHC(O)-.
  • n is 2 and L is - NHC(O)-.
  • n is 3 and L is - NHC(O)-.
  • n is 2, or 3 and L is -C(O)NH-.
  • n is 2 and L is - C(O)NH-.
  • n is 3 and L is - C(O)NH-.
  • n is 2, or 3 and L is -NHC(O)O-.
  • n is 2 and L is - NHC(O)O-.
  • n is 3 and L is - NHC(O)O-.
  • n is 2 or 3 and L is -NHC(O)NH.
  • n is 2 and L is - NHC(O)NH.
  • n is 3 and L is - NHC(O)NH.
  • n is 2 or 3 and L is -NHC(O)NR 8 - wherein an R 5 or an R 6 attached to a carbon atom, together with R 8 , form a heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • n is 2 or 3 and L is -NHC(O)NR 8 - wherein an R 5 or an R 6 attached to a carbon atom, together with R 8 , form a heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure o u a s .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the heterocycloalkyl ring is a 4-membered heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • n is 2 and L is - NHC(O)NR 8 - wherein an R 5 or an R 6 attached to a carbon atom, together with R 8 , form a heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • n is 3 and L is - NHC(O)NR 8 - wherein an R 5 or an R 6 attached to a carbon atom, together with R 8 , form a heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • R 3 and R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) are each independently optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted spirocycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl; or one of R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) may be H.
  • one of R 3 or R 4 in compounds of formula (I) is H.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted aryl, such as, for example, optionally substituted phenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted heteroaryl, such as, for example, optionally substituted pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indazolyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl, 5,6,7,8- tetrahydroisoquinolinyl benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, thianaphthenyl, pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridinyl, quinazolinyl-4(3H)
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is pyridinyl. In some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is 2-pyridinyl. [00289] In some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted alkyl, such as, for example, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso- butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-he
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 3 .
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 .
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -C(CH 3 ) 3 .
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 .
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 2 CH 2 OH.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 2 -cyclohexyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 2 -cyclopentyl. [00299] In some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) or the compounds of formula (I) is -CH 2 -cyclopropyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted cycloalkyl, such as, for example, optionally substituted C 3 - C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloalkyl, C 6 cycloalkyl, C 7 cycloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted cyclopentyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is unsubstituted cyclopentyl. [00303] In some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted cyclobutyl. [00304] In some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is 1- methyl-cyclobut-1-yl. [00305] In some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is unsubstituted cyclobutyl. [00306] In some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted cyclohexyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is unsubstituted cyclohexyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted cycloheptyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is unsubstituted cycloheptyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, such as, for example, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, isoxazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, or thiazolidinyl.
  • R 3 or R 4 in the compounds of formula (I) is tetrahydropyran-4-yl.
  • R 3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted C 4 -C 5 cycloalkyl; and R 4 is optionally substituted C 4 -C 5 cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
  • heterocycloalkyl rings include the following: [00315]
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is an optionally substituted azetidinyl, an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, optionally substituted piperidinyl, optionally substituted azepanyl, optionally substituted piperazinyl, optionally substituted oxazepanyl, optionally substituted thiomorpholinyl 1,1-dioxide, or optionally substituted morpholinyl.
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00317] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00318] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00319] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00320] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00321] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is .
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00323] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00324] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00325] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is . [00326] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is .
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is substituted with at least one C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec- butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkyl group such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 al
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is substituted with at least one -CH 3 group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,3-dimethylazetidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2,2-dimethylazetidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-isopropylazetidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (R)-2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (R)-2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (R)-3-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-3-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (R)-4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-hydroxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-methoxy-piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (R)-4- methoxy -piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-4- methoxy -piperidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperazinyl: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (2S, 5R)-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperazinyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (2S, 5S)-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperazinyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (2R, 5R)-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperazinyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (2R, 5S)-1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperazinyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form .
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is substituted with a cyclopropyl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-methoxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (R)-2- methoxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-2- methoxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-methoxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (R)-3-methoxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-3-methoxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl group.
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is substituted with at least one halogen atom.
  • the halogen atom is -F.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-fluoropiperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4,4-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-(methoxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-(cyanomethyl)piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-(acetamid-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2,2-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2,2-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-morpholinyl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-methylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(R)-methylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(S)-methylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-ethylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(R)-ethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(S)-ethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,5-dimethylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(R),5(R)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(S),5(S)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(R),5(S)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(S),5(R)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,5-dimethylpiperidinyl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(R),5(R)- dimethylpiperidinyl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(S),5(S)- dimethylpiperidinyl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(R),5(S)- dimethylpiperidinyl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(S),5(R)- dimethylpiperidinyl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,3-dimethylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2,2-dimethylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2,6-dimethylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2(R),6(R)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2(S),6(S)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2(R),6(S)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2(S),6(R)-dimethylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-methylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(R)-methylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3(S)-methylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-methylmorpholino group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2(R)-methylmorpholino group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2(S)-methylmorpholino group.
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is substituted with a 5-membered heteroaryl group.
  • the 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with a 5-membered heteroaryl group is a pyrrolidinyl ring substituted with a 5- membered heteroaryl group or a piperidinyl ring substituted with a 5-membered heteroaryl group.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • bridged heterocycloalkyl ring systems include:
  • the optionally substituted 5- to 12-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl ring is an optionally substituted 7-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-7-yl, an optionally substituted 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl, an optionally substituted 2- azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, an optionally substituted azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, an optionally substituted 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl, an optionally substituted 2,5- diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl, an optionally substituted 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-yl, an optionally substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl, an optionally substituted 2- azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2yl, an optionally substituted diazabicyclo[2.2.1]
  • the optionally substituted 5-12-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl ring is substituted with C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydroxy, or hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form an 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form an 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form an 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form an 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form an 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form (1S,4R)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (1R,4S)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form (1R,4R)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (1S,4S)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • Non-limiting examples of such ring systems include:
  • the optionally substituted 5-12-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl ring is an optionally substituted 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl, an optionally substituted 4-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl, an optionally substituted 1- azaspiro[3.3]heptan-1-yl, an optionally substituted 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl, an optionally substituted 6-azaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl, an optionally substituted 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan- 7-yl, an optionally substituted 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl, an optionally substituted 2- oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octan-6-yl, an optionally substituted 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl, an optionally substituted 4-azaspir
  • the optionally substituted 5-12-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl ring is substituted with C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halo, or hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5-azaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6-azaspiro[3.4]octan-6-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6-azaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-azaspiro[2.5]octan-4-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5-azaspiro[2.5]octan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6-fluoro-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5-oxa-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-5-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-6-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-5-azaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octan-6-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]decan-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 8-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 8-methyl-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7-oxa-4-azaspiro[2.5]octan-4-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-oxa-7-azaspiro[2.5]octan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 8-oxa-5-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-5-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5-oxa-8-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-8-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2,5-dioxa-8-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-8-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-azaspiro[4.5]decan-1-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5-azaspiro[3.5]nonan-5-yl group, N .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6-azaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl group, N .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl group, .
  • R 3 and R 4 in the compounds of formula (I), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached form an optionally substituted 4-12- membered fused heterocycloalkyl ring system.
  • Non-limiting examples of such ring systems include:
  • the optionally substituted 4-12-membered fused heterocycloalkyl ring system is an optionally substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-yl, an optionally substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl, an optionally substituted 2- azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl, an optionally substituted hexahydro-1H-2-pyrrolo[2,1- c]pyrazinyl, an optionally substituted 5,8-dihydro-6H-7-1,7-naphthyridinyl, an optionally substituted hexahydro-2H-6-furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, an optionally substituted tetrahydro-1H,3H- 5-furo[3,4-c]pyrrolyl, an optionally substituted 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, an optionally substituted 4,
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,4-dihydro-2,7-naphthyridin-2(1H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-6(7H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6(7H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5,7-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5,7-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-isoindoline group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-methyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-methyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-5-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-5-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-5-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5,6-dihydro-8H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazin-7-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-6-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6,7-dihydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4,7-dihydro-5H-6-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5,6-dihydro-1,7-naphthyridin-7(8H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6,7-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl group: S N N .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-oxazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,4-dihydro-2,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7,8-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5,6-dihydro-8H-imidazo[5,1-c]pyrazin-7-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5,1-c]pyrazin-5-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazin-5-yl group: they are both attached, form a 4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]thiazol-5(6H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-2(3H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrol-5(3H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a hexahydro-2H-6-furo[2,3-c]pyridine-6-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a tetrahydro-1H-2-pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazin-4(3H)-one group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (S)-tetrahydro-1H-2-pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazin-4(3H)-one group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a (1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl group: N .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 4-azatricyclo[3.3.0.0 1,3 ]octanyl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 6,6-difluoro-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 5,8-dihydro-6H-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 3',4'-dihydro-spirocyclopropane-1,1'-isoquinolin-2-yl group: .
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, form a 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl group: .
  • each R 5 and each R 6 in the compounds of formula (I) independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl; or an R 5 and R 6 attached to the same carbon atom, together with that carbon atom, may form a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl ring, or an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, an optionally substituted 5-12-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl ring, an optionally substituted 4-12-membered fused heterocycloalkyl ring system, or an optionally substituted 5-12-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl ring system.
  • R 5 or R 6 in the compounds of formula (I) is H.
  • R 5 or R 6 in the compounds of formula (I) is C 1 - C 6 alkyl, such as, for example, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- butyl, t-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like.
  • R 5 or R 6 is methyl (i.e., -CH 3 ).
  • an R 5 and an R 6 are methyl (i.e., -CH 3 ).
  • R 5 or R 6 in the compounds of formula (I) is C 3 - C 5 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C 3 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and the like.
  • an R 5 and R 6 in the compounds of formula (I) attached to the same carbon atom, together with that carbon atom form a cyclopropyl group.
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, an optionally substituted 5-12-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl ring, an optionally substituted 4-12-membered fused heterocycloalkyl ring system, or an optionally substituted 5-12-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl ring system.
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, such as, for example, an optionally substituted azetidnyl ring, an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl ring, or an optionally substituted piperidinyl ring.
  • the optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring is a 4-8 membered heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is [00549] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is [00550] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is [00551] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is [00558] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is [00559] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is [00560] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is
  • the structure formula (I) is [00574] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is [00575] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is , , .
  • the structure formula (I) is [00577] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is [00578] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is , , .
  • the structure formula (I) is [00579] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is [00580] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula (I) wherein an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered heterocycloalkyl ring
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered .
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered .
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered .
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 3-12-membered .
  • an R 5 or R 6 together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 4-12-membered fused heterocycloalkyl ring system.
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • the structure formula (I) is .
  • an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 5-12-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl ring.
  • an R 5 or R 6 , together with an R 3 or R 4 may form an optionally substituted 5-12-membered spiroheterocycloalkyl ring system.
  • the compounds according to formula (I) are those that have an IC 50 ⁇ 20 nM in a PDGFR cellular assay such as, for example, that described in the Examples section below.
  • the compounds according to formula (I) are those that have an IC 50 ⁇ 5 nM in a PDGFR cellular assay such as, for example, that described in the Examples section below.
  • the compound of the disclosure is one of Examples 1-90, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in the Examples section below.
  • the compound of the disclosure is one of Examples 91- 190, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described in the Examples section below.
  • Stereoisomers of compounds of formula (I) are also contemplated by the present disclosure.
  • the disclosure encompasses all stereoisomers and constitutional isomers of any compound disclosed or claimed herein, including all enantiomers and diastereomers.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of the compounds of formula (I) are also within the scope of the disclosure.
  • Isotopic variants of the compounds of formula (I) are also contemplated by the present disclosure.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of administration [00601] The subject pharmaceutical compositions are typically formulated to provide a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure as the active ingredient, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, solvate, hydrate or derivative thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions contain a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, including inert solid diluents and fillers, diluents, including sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents, permeation enhancers, solubilizers and adjuvants.
  • the subject pharmaceutical compositions can be administered alone or in combination with one or more other agents, which are also typically administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the one or more compounds of the invention and other agent(s) may be mixed into a preparation or both components may be formulated into separate preparations to use them in combination separately or at the same time.
  • the concentration of one or more compounds provided in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.009%, 0.008%, 0.007%, 0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, 0.001%, 0.0009%, 0.0008%, 0.0007%, 0.0006%, 0.0005%, 0.0004%, 0.0003%, 0.0002%, or 0.0001% (or a number in the range defined by and including any two numbers above
  • the concentration of one or more compounds of the invention is greater than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19.75%, 19.50%, 19.25%, 19%, 18.75%, 18.50%, 18.25% 18%, 17.75%, 17.50%, 17.25% 17%, 16.75%, 16.50%, 16.25%, 16%, 15.75%, 15.50%, 15.25% 15%, 14.75%, 14.50%, 14.25% 14%, 13.75%, 13.50%, 13.25%, 13%, 12.75%, 12.50%, 12.25%, 12%, 11.75%, 11.50%, 11.25% 11%, 10.75%, 10.50%, 10.25% 10%, 9.75%, 9.50%, 9.25%, 9%, 8.75%, 8.50%, 8.25% 8%, 7.75%, 7.50%, 7.25%, 7%, 6.75%, 6.50%, 6.25%, 6%, 5.75%, 5.50%, 5.25%, 5%
  • the concentration of one or more compounds of the invention is in the range from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 50%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 40%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 30%, approximately 0.02% to approximately 29%, approximately 0.03% to approximately 28%, approximately 0.04% to approximately 27%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 26%, approximately 0.06% to approximately 25%, approximately 0.07% to approximately 24%, approximately 0.08% to approximately 23%, approximately 0.09% to approximately 22%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 21%, approximately 0.2% to approximately 20%, approximately 0.3% to approximately 19%, approximately 0.4% to approximately 18%, approximately 0.5% to approximately 17%, approximately 0.6% to approximately 16%, approximately 0.7% to approximately 15%, approximately 0.8% to approximately 14%, approximately 0.9% to approximately 12%, approximately 1% to approximately 10% w/w, w/v or v/v.
  • the concentration of one or more compounds of the invention is in the range from approximately 0.001% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.02% to approximately 4.5%, approximately 0.03% to approximately 4%, approximately 0.04% to approximately 3.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 3%, approximately 0.06% to approximately 2.5%, approximately 0.07% to approximately 2%, approximately 0.08% to approximately 1.5%, approximately 0.09% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.9% w/w, w/v or v/v.
  • the amount of one or more compounds of the invention is equal to or less than 10 g, 9.5 g, 9.0 g, 8.5 g, 8.0 g, 7.5 g, 7.0 g, 6.5 g, 6.0 g, 5.5 g, 5.0 g, 4.5 g, 4.0 g, 3.5 g, 3.0 g, 2.5 g, 2.0 g, 1.5 g, 1.0 g, 0.95 g, 0.9 g, 0.85 g, 0.8 g, 0.75 g, 0.7 g, 0.65 g, 0.6 g, 0.55 g, 0.5 g, 0.45 g, 0.4 g, 0.35 g, 0.3 g, 0.25 g, 0.2 g, 0.15 g, 0.1 g, 0.09 g, 0.08 g, 0.07 g, 0.06 g, 0.05 g, 0.04 g, 0.03 g, 0.02 g, 0.01 g, 0.009
  • the amount of one or more compounds of the invention is more than 0.0001 g, 0.0002 g, 0.0003 g, 0.0004 g, 0.0005 g, 0.0006 g, 0.0007 g, 0.0008 g, 0.0009 g, 0.001 g, 0.0015 g, 0.002 g, 0.0025 g, 0.003 g, 0.0035 g, 0.004 g, 0.0045 g, 0.005 g, 0.0055 g, 0.006 g, 0.0065 g, 0.007 g, 0.0075 g, 0.008 g, 0.0085 g, 0.009 g, 0.0095 g, 0.01 g, 0.015 g, 0.02 g, 0.025 g, 0.03 g, 0.035 g, 0.04 g, 0.045 g, 0.05 g, 0.055 g, 0.06 g, 0.065 g, 0.07 g
  • the amount of one or more compounds of the invention is in the range of 0.0001-10 g, 0.0005-9 g, 0.001-8 g, 0.005-7 g, 0.01-6 g, 0.05-5 g, 0.1-4 g, 0.5-4 g, or 1-3 g.
  • the compounds according to the invention are effective over a wide dosage range. For example, in the treatment of adult humans, dosages from 0.01 to 1000 mg, from 0.5 to 100 mg, from 1 to 50 mg per day, and from 5 to 40 mg per day are examples of dosages that may be used. An exemplary dosage is 10 to 30 mg per day.
  • the amount of the compounds described herein are set forth on a free base basis. That is, the amounts indicate that amount of the compound administered, exclusive of, for example, solvent (such as in solvates) or counterions (such as in pharmaceutically acceptable salts).
  • solvent such as in solvates
  • counterions such as in pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • the invention provides a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing: (i) an effective amount of a compound of the invention; optionally (ii) an effective amount of a second agent; and (iii) a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for oral administration.
  • the composition further contains: (iv) an effective amount of a third agent.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be a liquid pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral consumption.
  • compositions of the invention suitable for oral administration can be presented as discrete dosage forms, such as capsules, cachets, or tablets, or liquids or aerosol sprays each containing a predetermined amount of an active ingredient as a powder or in granules, a solution, or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in- water emulsion, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • dosage forms can be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy, but all methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with the carrier, which constitutes one or more necessary ingredients.
  • compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired presentation.
  • a tablet can be prepared by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free- flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with an excipient such as, but not limited to, a binder, a lubricant, an inert diluent, and/or a surface active or dispersing agent.
  • Molded tablets can be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • This invention further encompasses anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising an active ingredient, since water can facilitate the degradation of some compounds.
  • water may be added (e.g., 5%) in the pharmaceutical arts as a means of simulating long-term storage in order to determine characteristics such as shelf- life or the stability of formulations over time.
  • Anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the invention can be prepared using anhydrous or low moisture containing ingredients and low moisture or low humidity conditions.
  • compositions and dosage forms of the invention which contain lactose can be made anhydrous if substantial contact with moisture and/or humidity during manufacturing, packaging, and/or storage is expected.
  • An anhydrous pharmaceutical composition may be prepared and stored such that its anhydrous nature is maintained. Accordingly, anhydrous compositions may be packaged using materials known to prevent exposure to water such that they can be included in suitable formulary kits. Examples of suitable packaging include, but are not limited to, hermetically sealed foils, plastic or the like, unit dose containers, blister packs, and strip packs.
  • An active ingredient can be combined in an intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
  • the carrier can take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
  • any of the usual pharmaceutical media can be employed as carriers, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents, and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations (such as suspensions, solutions, and elixirs) or aerosols; or carriers such as starches, sugars, micro-crystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, and disintegrating agents can be used in the case of oral solid preparations, in some embodiments without employing the use of lactose.
  • suitable carriers include powders, capsules, and tablets, with the solid oral preparations.
  • Binders suitable for use in pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, corn starch, potato starch, or other starches, gelatin, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, pre-gelatinized starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
  • natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrrol
  • suitable fillers for use in the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, talc, calcium carbonate (e.g., granules or powder), microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, dextrates, kaolin, mannitol, silicic acid, sorbitol, starch, pre-gelatinized starch, and mixtures thereof.
  • Disintegrants may be used in the compositions of the invention to provide tablets that disintegrate when exposed to an aqueous environment. Too much of a disintegrant may produce tablets which may disintegrate in the bottle.
  • Too little may be insufficient for disintegration to occur and may thus alter the rate and extent of release of the active ingredient(s) from the dosage form.
  • a sufficient amount of disintegrant that is neither too little nor too much to detrimentally alter the release of the active ingredient(s) may be used to form the dosage forms of the compounds disclosed herein.
  • the amount of disintegrant used may vary based upon the type of formulation and mode of administration, and may be readily discernible to those of ordinary skill in the art. About 0.5 to about 15 weight percent of disintegrant, or about 1 to about 5 weight percent of disintegrant, may be used in the pharmaceutical composition.
  • Disintegrants that can be used to form pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the invention include, but are not limited to, agar-agar, alginic acid, calcium carbonate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, polacrilin potassium, sodium starch glycolate, potato or tapioca starch, other starches, pre-gelatinized starch, other starches, clays, other algins, other celluloses, gums or mixtures thereof.
  • Lubricants which can be used to form pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the invention include, but are not limited to, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, light mineral oil, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, other glycols, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, hydrogenated vegetable oil (e.g., peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, and soybean oil), zinc stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl laureate, agar, or mixtures thereof.
  • Additional lubricants include, for example, a syloid silica gel, a coagulated aerosol of synthetic silica, or mixtures thereof.
  • a lubricant can optionally be added, in an amount of less than about 1 weight percent of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the active ingredient therein may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring matter or dyes and, if so desired, emulsifying and/or suspending agents, together with such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and various combinations thereof.
  • the tablets can be uncoated or coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
  • a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate can be employed.
  • Formulations for oral use can also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
  • Surfactant which can be used to form pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the invention include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic surfactants, lipophilic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. That is, a mixture of hydrophilic surfactants may be employed, a mixture of lipophilic surfactants may be employed, or a mixture of at least one hydrophilic surfactant and at least one lipophilic surfactant may be employed.
  • a suitable hydrophilic surfactant may generally have an HLB value of at least 10, while suitable lipophilic surfactants may generally have an HLB value of or less than about 10.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • Surfactants with lower HLB values are more lipophilic or hydrophobic, and have greater solubility in oils, while surfactants with higher HLB values are more hydrophilic, and have greater solubility in aqueous solutions.
  • Hydrophilic surfactants are generally considered to be those compounds having an HLB value greater than about 10, as well as anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic compounds for which the HLB scale is not generally applicable.
  • lipophilic (i.e., hydrophobic) surfactants are compounds having an HLB value equal to or less than about 10.
  • Hydrophilic surfactants may be either ionic or non-ionic. Suitable ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkylammonium salts; fusidic acid salts; fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, oligopeptides, and polypeptides; glyceride derivatives of amino acids, oligopeptides, and polypeptides; lecithins and hydrogenated lecithins; lysolecithins and hydrogenated lysolecithins; phospholipids and derivatives thereof; lysophospholipids and derivatives thereof; carnitine fatty acid ester salts; salts of alkylsulfates; fatty acid salts; sodium docusate; acyl lactylates; mono- and di-acetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and di
  • ionic surfactants include, by way of example: lecithins, lysolecithin, phospholipids, lysophospholipids and derivatives thereof; carnitine fatty acid ester salts; salts of alkylsulfates; fatty acid salts; sodium docusate; acylactylates; mono- and di-acetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; succinylated mono- and di-glycerides; citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; and mixtures thereof.
  • Ionic surfactants may be the ionized forms of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine, PEG- phosphatidylethanolamine, PVP -phosphatidylethanolamine, lactylic esters of fatty acids, stearoyl-2-lactylate, stearoyl lactylate, succinylated monoglycerides, mono/diacetylated tartaric acid esters of mono/diglycerides, citric acid esters of mono/diglycerides, cholylsarcosine, caproate, cap
  • Hydrophilic non-ionic surfactants may include, but are not limited to, alkylglucosides; alkylmaltosides; alkylthioglucosides; lauryl macrogolglycerides; polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers such as polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers; polyoxyalkylene alkylphenols such as polyethylene glycol alkyl phenols; polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenol fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol fatty acids monoesters and polyethylene glycol fatty acids diesters; polyethylene glycol glycerol fatty acid esters; polyglycerol fatty acid esters; polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters; hydrophilic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group consisting of glycerides, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, fatty acids, and sterols; polyoxyethylene stea,
  • the polyol may be glycerol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, or a saccharide.
  • Other hydrophilic-non-ionic surfactants include, without limitation, PEG- 10 laurate, PEG- 12 laurate, PEG-20 laurate, PEG-32 laurate, PEG-32 dilaurate, PEG- 12 oleate, PEG- 15 oleate, PEG-20 oleate, PEG-20 dioleate, PEG-32 oleate, PEG-200 oleate, PEG-400 oleate, PEG- 15 stearate, PEG-32 distearate, PEG-40 stearate, PEG- 100 stearate, PEG-20 dilaurate, PEG-25 glyceryl trioleate, PEG-32 dioleate, PEG-20 glyceryl laurate, PEG- 10
  • Suitable lipophilic surfactants include, by way of example only: fatty alcohols; glycerol fatty acid esters; acetylated glycerol fatty acid esters; lower alcohol fatty acids esters; propylene glycol fatty acid esters; sorbitan fatty acid esters; polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters; sterols and sterol derivatives; polyoxyethylated sterols and sterol derivatives; polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers; sugar esters; sugar ethers; lactic acid derivatives of mono- and di-glycerides; hydrophobic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group consisting of glycerides, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, fatty acids and sterols; oil-soluble vitamins/vitamin derivatives; and mixtures thereof.
  • preferred lipophilic surfactants include glycerol fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof, or are hydrophobic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group consisting of vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, and triglycerides.
  • the composition may include a solubilizer to ensure good solubilization and/or dissolution of the compound of the present invention and to minimize precipitation of the compound of the present invention. This can be especially important for compositions for non-oral use, e.g., compositions for injection.
  • a solubilizer may also be added to increase the solubility of the hydrophilic drug and/or other components, such as surfactants, or to maintain the composition as a stable or homogeneous solution or dispersion.
  • suitable solubilizers include, but are not limited to, the following: alcohols and polyols, such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediols and isomers thereof, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, transcutol, dimethyl isosorbide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinylalcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives, cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives; ethers of polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 6000, such as t
  • solubilizers may also be used. Examples include, but not limited to, triacetin, triethylcitrate, ethyl oleate, ethyl caprylate, dimethylacetamide, N- methylpyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins, ethanol, polyethylene glycol 200-100, glycofurol, transcutol, propylene glycol, and dimethyl isosorbide.
  • solubilizers include sorbitol, glycerol, triacetin, ethyl alcohol, PEG-400, glycofurol and propylene glycol.
  • the amount of solubilizer that can be included is not particularly limited.
  • the amount of a given solubilizer may be limited to a bioacceptable amount, which may be readily determined by one of skill in the art.
  • the solubilizer can be in a weight ratio of 10%, 25%o, 50%), 100%o, or up to about 200%> by weight, based on the combined weight of the drug, and other excipients. If desired, very small amounts of solubilizer may also be used, such as 5%>, 2%>, 1%) or even less. Typically, the solubilizer may be present in an amount of about 1%> to about 100%, more typically about 5%> to about 25%> by weight. [00637]
  • the composition can further include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives and excipients.
  • additives and excipients include, without limitation, detackifiers, anti-foaming agents, buffering agents, polymers, antioxidants, preservatives, chelating agents, viscomodulators, tonicifiers, flavorants, colorants, odorants, opacifiers, suspending agents, binders, fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, and mixtures thereof.
  • an acid or a base may be incorporated into the composition to facilitate processing, to enhance stability, or for other reasons.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable bases include amino acids, amino acid esters, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium aluminum silicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, synthetic hydrocalcite, magnesium aluminum hydroxide, diisopropylethylamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, triisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) and the like.
  • bases that are salts of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acid, amino acids, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, butyric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, fatty acids, formic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, hydroquinosulfonic acid, isoascorbic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, para- bromophenylsulfonic acid, propionic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, thioglycolic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, uric acid, and the like.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acid, amino acids
  • Salts of polyprotic acids such as sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used.
  • the cation can be any convenient and pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as ammonium, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and the like.
  • Example may include, but not limited to, sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium.
  • Suitable acids are pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acids. Examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
  • suitable organic acids include acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acids, amino acids, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, butyric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, fatty acids, formic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, hydroquinosulfonic acid, isoascorbic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, propionic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, thioglycolic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, uric acid and the like.
  • compositions for injection [00640]
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for injection containing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for injection. Components and amounts of agents in the compositions are as described herein.
  • the forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration by injection include aqueous or oil suspensions, or emulsions, with sesame oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs, mannitol, dextrose, or a sterile aqueous solution, and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
  • Aqueous solutions in saline are also conventionally used for injection.
  • Ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like (and suitable mixtures thereof), cyclodextrin derivatives, and vegetable oils may also be employed.
  • the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating, such as lecithin, for the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
  • the prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the compound of the present invention in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various other ingredients as enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredients into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
  • certain desirable methods of preparation are vacuum-drying and freeze- drying techniques which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions for topical (e.g. transdermal) delivery are prepared by incorporating the compound of the present invention in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various other ingredients as enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredients into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
  • certain desirable methods of preparation are vacuum-drying and freeze
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for transdermal delivery containing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for transdermal delivery.
  • Compositions of the present invention can be formulated into preparations in solid, semisolid, or liquid forms suitable for local or topical administration, such as gels, water soluble jellies, creams, lotions, suspensions, foams, powders, slurries, ointments, solutions, oils, pastes, suppositories, sprays, emulsions, saline solutions, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-based solutions.
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • carriers with higher densities are capable of providing an area with a prolonged exposure to the active ingredients.
  • compositions may provide more immediate exposure of the active ingredient to the chosen area.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions also may comprise suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients, which are compounds that allow increased penetration of, or assist in the delivery of, therapeutic molecules across the stratum corneum permeability barrier of the skin. There are many of these penetration- enhancing molecules known to those trained in the art of topical formulation.
  • humectants e.g., urea
  • glycols e.g., propylene glycol
  • alcohols e.g., ethanol
  • fatty acids e.g., oleic acid
  • surfactants e.g., isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate
  • pyrrolidones e.g., isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate
  • pyrrolidones e.glycerol monolaurate, sulfoxides, terpenes (e.g., menthol)
  • amines amides, alkanes, alkanols, water, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars, starches, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and polymers such as polyethylene glycols.
  • transdermal delivery devices Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of a compound of the present invention in controlled amounts, either with or without another agent.
  • transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.5,023,252, 4,992,445 and 5,001,139.
  • patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
  • compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders.
  • the liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra.
  • the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
  • Compositions in preferably pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be inhaled directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device may be attached to a face mask tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions may be administered, preferably orally or nasally, from devices that deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
  • compositions for inhalation may be delivered as a dry powder (either alone, as a mixture, for example a dry blend with lactose, or a mixed component particle, for example with phospholipids) from a dry powder inhaler or as an aerosol spray from a pressurised container, pump, spray, atomizer or nebuliser, with or without the use of a suitable propellant.
  • a dry powder inhaler or as an aerosol spray from a pressurised container, pump, spray, atomizer or nebuliser, with or without the use of a suitable propellant.
  • the inhalation device may be an aerosol vial provided with a valve adapted to deliver a metered dose, i.e. a metered dose inhaler.
  • the inhalation device may be a nebulizer, such as an airjet nebulizer, or an ultrasonic nebulizer, or a hand- held nebulizer, sometimes referred to as a soft mist or soft spray inhaler, or a mechanical device which allows much smaller nebulized volumes than conventional nebulizers.
  • a nebulizer such as an airjet nebulizer, or an ultrasonic nebulizer, or a hand- held nebulizer, sometimes referred to as a soft mist or soft spray inhaler
  • a mechanical device which allows much smaller nebulized volumes than conventional nebulizers.
  • Such devices are referred to in, for example, WO2013030802.
  • the inhalation device may be, for example, a dry powder inhalation device adapted to deliver dry powder from a capsule or blister containing a dry powder comprising a dosage unit or a multidose dry powder inhalation (MDPI) device adapted to deliver dry powder comprising a dosage unit upon actuation.
  • the dry powder composition preferably contains a diluent or carrier, such as lactose, and a compound that helps to protect against product performance deterioration due to moisture e.g. magnesium stearate.
  • the invention also includes (A) a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in inhalable form; (B) an inhalable medicament comprising the compound in inhalable form together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in inhalable form; (C) a pharmaceutical product comprising such a compound in inhalable form in association with an inhalation device; and (D) an inhalation device containing such a compound in inhalable form.
  • A a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in inhalable form
  • B an inhalable medicament comprising the compound in inhalable form together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in inhalable form
  • C a pharmaceutical product comprising such a compound in inhalable form in association with an inhalation device
  • D an inhalation device containing such a compound in inhalable form.
  • compositions may also be prepared from compositions described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitable for sublingual, buccal, rectal, intraosseous, intraocular, intranasal, epidural, or intraspinal administration. Preparations for such pharmaceutical compositions are well-known in the art.
  • Administration of the compounds or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be effected by any method that enables delivery of the compounds to the site of action. These methods include oral routes, intraduodenal routes, parenteral injection (including intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular, intraperitoneal or infusion), topical (e.g. transdermal application), rectal administration, via local delivery by catheter or stent or through inhalation. Compounds can also be administered intraadiposally or intrathecally. [00657] The amount of the compound administered will be dependent on the subject being treated, the severity of the disorder or condition, the rate of administration, the disposition of the compound and the discretion of the prescribing physician.
  • an effective dosage is in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kg body weight per day, preferably about 1 to about 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divided doses. For a 70 kg human, this would amount to about 0.05 to 7 g/day, preferably about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, e.g. by dividing such larger doses into several small doses for administration throughout the day. [00658] In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered in a single dose.
  • a compound of the invention is administered in multiple doses. Dosing may be about once, twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, or more than six times per day. Dosing may be about once a month, once every two weeks, once a week, or once every other day. In another embodiment a compound of the invention and another agent are administered together about once per day to about 6 times per day.
  • a compound of the invention in another embodiment the administration of a compound of the invention and an agent continues for less than about 7 days. In yet another embodiment the administration continues for more than about 6, 10, 14, 28 days, two months, six months, or one year. In some cases, continuous dosing is achieved and maintained as long as necessary. [00661] Administration of the compounds of the invention may continue as long as necessary. In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered for more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, or 28 days. In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered for less than 28, 14, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 day. In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered chronically on an ongoing basis, e.g., for the treatment of chronic effects.
  • compositions of the invention may also be delivered via an impregnated or coated device such as a stent, for example, or an artery-inserted cylindrical polymer. Such a method of administration may, for example, aid in the prevention or amelioration of restenosis following procedures such as balloon angioplasty.
  • compounds of the invention may slow or inhibit the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall which contribute to restenosis.
  • a compound of the invention may be administered, for example, by local delivery from the struts of a stent, from a stent graft, from grafts, or from the cover or sheath of a stent.
  • a compound of the invention is admixed with a matrix.
  • a matrix may be a polymeric matrix, and may serve to bond the compound to the stent.
  • Polymeric matrices suitable for such use include, for example, lactone-based polyesters or copolyesters such as polylactide, polycaprolactonglycolide, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, polyaminoacids, polysaccharides, polyphosphazenes, poly (ether-ester) copolymers (e.g. PEO-PLLA); polydimethylsiloxane, poly(ethylene-vinylacetate), acrylate-based polymers or copolymers (e.g. polyhydroxyethyl methylmethacrylate, polyvinyl pyrrolidinone), fluorinated polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and cellulose esters.
  • lactone-based polyesters or copolyesters such as polylactide, polycaprolactonglycolide, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, polyaminoacids, polysaccharides, polyphosphazenes, poly (ether-ester) copo
  • Suitable matrices may be nondegrading or may degrade with time, releasing the compound or compounds.
  • Compounds of the invention may be applied to the surface of the stent by various methods such as dip/spin coating, spray coating, dip-coating, and/or brush-coating.
  • the compounds may be applied in a solvent and the solvent may be allowed to evaporate, thus forming a layer of compound onto the stent.
  • the compound may be located in the body of the stent or graft, for example in microchannels or micropores. When implanted, the compound diffuses out of the body of the stent to contact the arterial wall.
  • Such stents may be prepared by dipping a stent manufactured to contain such micropores or microchannels into a solution of the compound of the invention in a suitable solvent, followed by evaporation of the solvent. Excess drug on the surface of the stent may be removed via an additional brief solvent wash.
  • compounds of the invention may be covalently linked to a stent or graft.
  • a covalent linker may be used which degrades in vivo, leading to the release of the compound of the invention. Any bio-labile linkage may be used for such a purpose, such as ester, amide or anhydride linkages.
  • Compounds of the invention may additionally be administered intravascularly from a balloon used during angioplasty.
  • Extravascular administration of the compounds via the pericard or via advential application of formulations of the invention may also be performed to decrease restenosis.
  • a variety of stent devices which may be used as described are disclosed, for example, in the following references, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference: U.S. Pat. No.5451233; U.S. Pat. No.5040548; U.S. Pat. No.5061273; U.S. Pat. No. 5496346; U.S. Pat. No.5292331; U.S. Pat. No.5674278; U.S. Pat. No.3657744; U.S. Pat. No.4739762; U.S. Pat. No.5195984; U.S.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered in dosages. It is known in the art that due to intersubject variability in compound pharmacokinetics, individualization of dosing regimen is necessary for optimal therapy. Dosing for a compound of the invention may be found by routine experimentation in light of the instant disclosure.
  • a compound of the invention is administered in a composition that comprises one or more agents, and the agent has a shorter half- life than the compound of the invention unit dose forms of the agent and the compound of the invention may be adjusted accordingly.
  • the subject pharmaceutical composition may, for example, be in a form suitable for oral administration as a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, sustained release formulations, solution, suspension, for parenteral injection as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of precise dosages.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will include a conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and a compound according to the invention as an active ingredient. In addition, it may include other medicinal or pharmaceutical agents, carriers, adjuvants, etc.
  • Exemplary parenteral administration forms include solutions or suspensions of active compound in sterile aqueous solutions, for example, aqueous propylene glycol or dextrose solutions. Such dosage forms can be suitably buffered, if desired.
  • Methods of Use [00669] The method typically comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of the subject combination of compounds may vary depending upon the intended application (in vitro or in vivo), or the subject and disease condition being treated, e.g., the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the manner of administration and the like, which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the term also applies to a dose that will induce a particular response in target cells, e.g., reduction of proliferation or downregulation of activity of a target protein.
  • the specific dose will vary depending on the particular compounds chosen, the dosing regimen to be followed, whether it is administered in combination with other compounds, timing of administration, the tissue to which it is administered, and the physical delivery system in which it is carried.
  • references herein to methods of treatment using one or more compounds or formulations thereof, or methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder should also be interpreted as references to: (i) one or more compounds or formulations thereof for use in methods of treatment; and/or (ii) the use of one or more compounds or formulations thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a pathological condition set forth herein.
  • the disclosure also relates to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat in a subject in need thereof, a disease or disorder in which PDGFR signaling is implicated. These methods are accomplished by administering to the subject a compound of the disclosure in an amount effective to treat the disease or disorder.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is pulmonary hypertension (PH).
  • the pulmonary hypertension is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO PH Group 1); PH secondary to heart failure (WHO PH Group 2); PH secondary to lung diseases and/or hypoxia (WHO PH Group 3); PH due to pulmonary artery obstruction (WHO Group 4); or PH due to unknown or rare diseases (WHO PH Group 5).
  • PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • WHO PH Group 1 PH secondary to heart failure
  • WHO PH Group 3 PH secondary to lung diseases and/or hypoxia
  • WHO PH Group 4 PH due to pulmonary artery obstruction
  • PH due to unknown or rare diseases WHO PH Group 5
  • the PAH (WHO PH Group 1) is idiopathic PAH, PAH with vasoreactivity, heritable PAH, drugs and toxins-induced PAH, PAH associated with connective tissue disease, PAH associated with HIV infection, PAH associated with portal hypertension, PAH associated with congenital heart disease, PAH associated with schistosomiasis, PAH in long-term responders to calcium channel blockers, PAH with overt signs of venous/capillaries involvement; persistent PH of the Newborn syndrome; or systemic sclerosis-associated PAH (SSc-PAH).
  • SSc-PAH systemic sclerosis-associated PAH
  • the PAH secondary to heart failure (WHO PH Group 2) is PH due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, PH due to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, valvular heart disease, or congenital post-capillary obstructive lesions.
  • the PH secondary to lung diseases and/or hypoxia (WHO PH Group 3) is PH due to obstructive lung disease, PH due to restrictive lung disease, PH due to other lung diseases with mixed restrictive/obstructive pattern, PH due to hypoxia without lung disease, PH due to developmental lung disorders.
  • the PH due to obstructive lung disease is PH due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • the PH due to restrictive lung disease is PH due to interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).
  • the PH due to interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is PH due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
  • the PH due to pulmonary artery obstruction is chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) or PH due to other pulmonaty artery obstructions.
  • the PH due to unknown or rare diseases is PH due to hematologic disorders, PH due to systemic disorders, PH due to other disorders, or PH due to complex congenital heart disease.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is a respiratory disease.
  • the respiratory disease is asthma.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is a fibrotic disease.
  • the fibrotic disease is pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis or liver fibrosis.
  • the fibrotic disease is pulmonary fibrosis.
  • the pulmonary fibrosis is an interstitial lung disease.
  • the interstitial lung disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
  • the interstitial lung disease is rheumatoid arthritis- associated interstitial lung disease.
  • the interstitial lung disease is systemic sclerosis- associated interstitial lung disease.
  • the interstitial lung disease is connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease.
  • the interstitial lung disease is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.
  • the interstitial lung disease is unclassifiable interstitial lung disease.
  • the interstitial lung disease is hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
  • the interstitial lung disease is sarcoidosis.
  • the interstitial lung disease is non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung disease.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is a dermatological disease.
  • the dermatological disease or disorder is atopic dermatitis, scleroderma, or urticaria.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is an inflammatory disease or disorder.
  • the inflammatory disease or disorder is allergic rhinitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is an autoimmune disorder.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is a metabolic disease.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is vascular restenosis; age-related macular degeneration (AMD); irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); obesity-cell related diseases; type I diabetes or type II diabetes.
  • AMD age-related macular degeneration
  • IBS irritable bowel syndrome
  • IBD inflammatory bowel disease
  • obesity-cell related diseases type I diabetes or type II diabetes.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
  • PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH secondary to heart failure (WHO PH Group 2).
  • WHO PH Group 2 PH secondary to heart failure
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH due to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is valvular heart disease.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is congenital post-capillary obstructive lesions.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH secondary to lung diseases and/or hypoxia (WHO PH Group 3).
  • WHO PH Group 3 the disease or disorder is PH secondary to lung diseases and/or hypoxia
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH due to pulmonary artery obstruction (WHO Group 4).
  • WHO Group 4 pulmonary artery obstruction
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH).
  • CTEPH chronic thromboembolic PH
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH due to unknown or rare diseases (WHO PH Group 5).
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is idiopathic PAH.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PAH associated with connective tissue disease.
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is systemic sclerosis-associated PAH (SSc-PAH).
  • SSc-PAH systemic sclerosis-associated PAH
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH secondary to interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).
  • ILDs interstitial lung diseases
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • the disclosure is directed to methods of using the compounds described herein to treat a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the disease or disorder is PH secondary to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
  • an effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent according to the disclosure is administered to a subject suffering from or diagnosed as having such a disease or disorder.
  • An "effective amount” means an amount or dose sufficient to generally bring about the desired therapeutic benefit in patients in need of such treatment for the designated disease or disorder.
  • Effective amounts or doses of the compounds of the present disclosure may be ascertained by routine methods such as modeling, dose escalation studies or clinical trials, and by taking into consideration routine factors, e.g., the mode or route of administration or drug delivery, the pharmacokinetics of the compound, the severity and course of the disease or disorder, the subject's previous or ongoing therapy, the subject's health status and response to drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician.
  • An example of a dose is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 200 mg of compound per kg of subject's body weight per day, preferably about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg/day, or about 1 to 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divided dosage units (e.g., BID, TID, QID).
  • an illustrative range for a suitable dosage amount is from about 0.05 to about 7 g/day, or about 0.2 to about 2.5 g/day.
  • the compounds of the disclosure may be used in combination with additional active ingredients in the treatment of the above diseases or disorders.
  • the additional active ingredients may be coadministered separately with a compound of the disclosure or included with such an agent in a pharmaceutical composition according to the disclosure.
  • the combination may serve to increase efficacy (e.g., by including in the combination a compound potentiating the potency or effectiveness of an active agent according to the disclosure), decrease one or more side effects, or decrease the required dose of the active agent according to the disclosure.
  • Ethyl 2-(5- chloropyrazin-2-yl)acetate (1-1) is reacted with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, optionally in a solvent such as ethanol, to give ethyl 2-(5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-3- (dimethylamino)acrylate (1-2).
  • Ethyl 2-(5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylate (1- 2) is treated with ammonium acetate in the presence of acetic acid, optionally in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane, to give ethyl 3-amino-2-(5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)acrylate (1-3), which is treated with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene in a solvent such as dichloromethane to give intermediate 1.
  • Scheme 2 [00726] Scheme 2 illustrates the synthesis of intermediates 2, wherein R 7 is OCH 3 or CH 3 .
  • the intermediates 1 or 2 is coupled with boronic ester or boronic acid (3-1), in the presence of a catalyst such as PdCl 2 (dppf), Pd(Ph 3 ) 4 , a base such as Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 3 PO 4 , and in a solvent such as dioxane-water, DME-water; to give compound (3-2).
  • a catalyst such as PdCl 2 (dppf), Pd(Ph 3 ) 4
  • a base such as Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 3 PO 4
  • a solvent such as dioxane-water, DME-water
  • the ester of compound (3-2) is hydrolyzed in the presence of a base such as LiOH, NaOH, in a solvent such as THF-water, THF-MeOH-water, to give intermediate acid 3.
  • Scheme [00728] Scheme 4 illustrates an alternate synthesis
  • 2-Chloropyrazine is coupled with boronic ester or boronic acid (3-1), in the presence of a catalyst such as PdCl 2 (dppf), Pd(Ph 3 ) 4 , a base such as Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 3 PO 4 , and in a solvent such as dioxane-water, DME-water; to give pyrazine compound (4-1).
  • the pyrazine (4-1) is reacted with O-(mesitylsulfonyl)hydroxylamine in a solvent such as dichloromethane to give compound (4-2).
  • the aldehyde (I-4) is reacted with amine (I-5), in the presence of a reducing reagent such as Na(OAc) 3 BH, NaCNBH 3 , in a solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethan, MeOH, optionally in the presence of an acid such as acetic acid, to give an amine compound (I-6).
  • a reducing reagent such as Na(OAc) 3 BH, NaCNBH 3
  • a solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethan, MeOH
  • an acid such as acetic acid
  • the nitro group of compound I-6 is reduced by hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd/C, in a solvent such as THF, to give aminopyridine compound I-7.
  • Compound I-7 is coupled with intermediate 3, in the presence of a coupling agent such as TCFH, in the presence of NMI, in a solvent such as CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 3 CN, to yield Formula I.
  • Pyridinyl acid (I-8) is coupled with diamine compound (I-9), in the presence of a coupling reagent such as TCFH, EDCI, HATU, optionally in the presence of NMI, in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, CH 2 Cl 2 , pyridine, to give amide compound (I-10).
  • This amide compound (I-10) is coupled with intermediate 3, in the presence of a coupling reagent such as TCFH, in the presence of NMI, in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, CH 2 Cl 2 , to yield Formula I.
  • Pyridinyl acid (I-8) is coupled with diamine compound (I-9), in the presence of a coupling reagent such as TCFH, EDCI, HATU, optionally in the presence of NMI, in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, CH 2
  • the nitropyridinylamine (I-11) is reacted with an acid chloride (I-12), in the presence of a base such as TEA, in a solvent such as DCM, to give chloro compound (I-13) which is then treated with an amine (I-5), in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 , in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, DMF, to give amine compound (I-14).
  • the nitropyridinylamine (I-11) is reacted with acid (I-15), in the presence of a coupling reagent such as TCFH, in the presence of NMI, in a solvent such as CH3CN, CH2Cl2, to give compound (I-14).
  • a coupling reagent such as TCFH
  • NMI in a solvent such as CH3CN, CH2Cl2
  • a catalyst such as Pd/C
  • THF solvent such as THF
  • the aminopyridine compound (I-16) is reacted with intermediate 3, in the presence of a coupling reagent such as TCFH, in the presence of NMI, in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, CH 2 Cl 2 , to yield Formula I.
  • the aminopyridine compound is reacted with acid I-17, in the presence of a coupling reagent such as TCFH, in the presence of NMI, in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, CH 2 Cl 2 , to give the chloro compound (I-18), which is coupled with boronated reagent (3-1), in the presence of a catalyst such as PdCl 2 (dppf), in the presence of a base such as Cs 2 CO 3 , and in a solvent such as dioxane-water to give Formula I.
  • the intermediate 3 is coupled with aminopyridine (I-19), in the presence of a coupling reagent such as HATU, EDCI, in the presence of a base such as DIEA, in a solvent such as DMF, pyridine, to give amide compound (I-20).
  • a coupling reagent such as HATU, EDCI
  • a base such as DIEA
  • DMF dioxane
  • pyridine a solvent such as DMF
  • the Boc protecting group of compound (I-20) is deprotected with an acid such HCl, TFA, in a solvent such as 1,4- dioxane, CH 2 Cl 2 , to give the amine (I-21).
  • the pyridinylamine (I-21) is reacted with acryloyl chloride, in the presence of a base such as Et 3 N, in a solvent such as CH 2 Cl 2 , to give acrylamide (I-22), which is reacted with amine (I-5), in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , in a solvent such as MeOH, to give Formula I.
  • Scheme 10
  • the nitropyridinylamine (I-11) is reacted with protected cyclic amine (I-23), in the presence of a coupling reagent such as HATU, TCFH, in the presence of NMI when the coupling reagent is TCFH, optionally in the presence of a base such as DIEA, in a solvent such as DMF, CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 3 CN, to give the amide compound (I-24).
  • a coupling reagent such as HATU, TCFH
  • NMI when the coupling reagent is TCFH
  • a base such as DIEA
  • a solvent such as DMF, CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 3 CN
  • the amine protecting group (such as Boc group) of compound (I-24) is deprotected with an acid such as HCl, TFA, in a solvent such as EtOAc, 1,4-dioxane, CH 2 Cl 2 , to give cyclic amine (I-25).
  • the cyclic amine (I-25) is reacted with an alkylating reagent (I-26), wherein X is a leaving group such as I, Br, Cl, OTs, in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, DMF, to give amine compound (I-28).
  • the cyclic amine (I-25) is subjected to a reductive amination with a carbonyl compound (I-27), in the presence of a reduction reagent such as NaCNBH3, Na(OAc)3BH, optionally in the presence of an acid such as HOAc, in a solvent such as MeOH, 1,2-dichloroethan, to give the amine compound (I-28).
  • a reduction reagent such as NaCNBH3, Na(OAc)3BH
  • an acid such as HOAc
  • a solvent such as MeOH, 1,2-dichloroethan
  • the pyridinylamine (I-21) is reacted with protected cyclic amine (I-23), in the presence of a coupling reagent such as EDCI, in a solvent such as pyridine, to give amide compound (I-30).
  • the amine protecting group (such as Boc group) of compound (I-30) is deprotected with an acid such as HCl, TFA, in a solvent such as EtOAc, 1,4-dioxane, CH 2 Cl 2 , to give cyclic amine (I-31).
  • the cyclic amine (I-31) is reacted with an alkylating reagent (I-26), wherein X is a leaving group such as I, Br, Cl, OTs, in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , in a solvent such as CH 3 CN, DMF, to give Formula I.
  • an alkylating reagent I-26
  • X is a leaving group such as I, Br, Cl, OTs
  • a base such as K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3
  • a solvent such as CH 3 CN, DMF
  • the cyclic amine (I-31) is subjected to a reductive amination with a carbonyl compound (I-27), in the presence of a reduction reagent such as NaCNBH 3 , Na(OAc) 3 BH, optionally in the presence of an acid such as HOAc, in a solvent such as MeOH, 1,2-dichloroethan, to give Formula
  • Example 9 N-(5-(2-((1R,4S)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide Step 1.
  • Example 50 N-(5-(2-((1R,4S)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6- (1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide Step 1.
  • the reaction was stirred at 80 °C for 1 h.
  • the mixture was purified by Prep-HPLC [Column: XBridge Prep OBD C18 Column, 19*250 mm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: Water(10 mmol/L NH 4 HCO 3 ), Mobile Phase B: MeOH; Flow rate: 25 mL/min; Gradient: 43% B to 57% B in 10 min; Wave Length: 254 nm] to afford the N-(5-(3-(2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)propanamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide as a off-white solid (22.0 mg, 16.4% yield).
  • Example 78 N-(5-((2S,4R)-1,4-dimethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide Step 1.
  • the purified product was then purified by Prep-HPLC [Column: YMC-Actus Triart C18 ExRS, 30*150 mm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 mmol/L NH 4 HCO 3 ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 16% B to 41% B in 9 min; Wave Length: 254/220 nm] to afford N-(5-((2S,4R)-1,4-dimethylpyrrolidine-2- carboxamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine- 3-carboxamide as a off-white solid (25.7 mg, 27.6% yield).
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was first purified by C18 column with CH 3 CN/water with 0.05% TFA (5%-30%).
  • the purified product was purified again by Prep-HPLC [Column: XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 30*150 mm, 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mmol/L NH 4 HCO 3 ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 24% B to 46% B in 8 min; Wave Length: 254/220 nm] to give N-(5-(2-(1- (cyclopentylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H- pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide as a white solid (45.0 mg, 20.1% yield).
  • Example 85 N-(5-(1-cycloheptylazetidine-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H- pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide Step 1.
  • the residue was first purified by C18 column chromatography with ACN/H 2 O (0.05% NH 4 HCO 3 ) (0 ⁇ 60%).
  • the purified product was purified again by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: [Column: Xselect CSH C18 OBD Column 30*150mm 5 ⁇ m; Mobile Phase A: H 2 O (0.05%HCl ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 5% B to 18% B in 5 min; Wave Length: 254/220 nm] to afford N-(5-(1-cyclohexylazetidine-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(pyridin-4- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide (14.6 mg, 16.2% yield) as a yellow solid.
  • Example 90 N-(5-(2-(2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(4- carbamoyl-3-fluorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide [00802] A mixture of N-(5-(2-(2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide (Example 46, 100 mg, 0.19 mmol) in H 2 SO 4 (2 mL) and TFA (2 mL) was stirred at 60°C for 1 h.
  • reaction mixture was concentrated and the resulting residue was stirred in H 2 O ( ⁇ 30ml). The resulting mixture was filtered and the solid was washed again with H 2 O. The resulting solid was collected and washed with 20%MeOH/CH 2 Cl 2 and filtered (2x).
  • Example 106 N-(5-(3-((2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)azetidine-1-carboxamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide Step 1.
  • the reaction was diluted with 10%MeOH/CH 2 Cl 2 and filtered. The solution was concentrated and the residue was suspended in 1N HCl (5 mL) and washed with EtOAc (2x). The remaining aqueous layer was basified with aq. NaHCO 3 and filtered.
  • reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and NaBH 3 CN (45 mg, 0.716 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was warmed up to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with H 2 O (10 mL).
  • Example 137 (R*)-N-(5-(1-(3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)azetidine-3-carboxamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide
  • Example 138 (S*)-N-(5-(1-(3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)azetidine-3-carboxamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide [00824] N-(5-(1-(3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)azetidine-3-carboxamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo
  • Example 158 N-(5-(2-((1S,4R)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[3,6'-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine]- 3'-carboxamide
  • Step a ethyl 1-(1-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propan-2-yl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5- carboxylate
  • Di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (4.67 g, 20.3 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of ethyl 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (3 g, 11.28 mmol), tert-butyl (2- hydroxypropyl)carbamate (4.44 g, 22.
  • Step b ethyl 1-(1-aminopropan-2-yl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate
  • a 4M solution of HCl in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL, 40 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 1-(1-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propan-2-yl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-5- carboxylate (4.2 g, 9.63 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 2 h.
  • Step d 7-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-one
  • 2-MeTHF 2-MeTHF
  • isopropylmagnesium chloride (1.88 mL, 2 M, 3.77 mmol) rapidly dropwise (clear solution which becomes turbid) and the ice bath was removed.
  • Step e N-(5-(2-((1S,4R)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3- yl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[3,6'-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine]-3'-carboxamide
  • Step b tert-butyl 7-methyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5(4H)-carboxylate [00842] To a solution of 7-methyl-4H,5H,6H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-A]pyrazine (250 mg, 1.82 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was added BOC-anhydride (437.5 mg, 2 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at rt under nitrogen overnight.
  • Step c tert-butyl 7-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6,7- dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5(4H)-carboxylate
  • 2-MeTHF 2-MeTHF
  • reaction was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, dissolved in DCM, loaded onto a silica precolumn, dried, and purified by flash column, 0 - 50% EtOAc/heptane to yield tert-butyl 7-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)- 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5(4H)-carboxylate (216 mg, 56%) as an impure white gum.
  • the product was used without further purification in next reaction.
  • Step d N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7- methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[3,6'-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine]-3'-carboxamide
  • reaction was stirred with Si-trisamine for 2.5 h, filtered, and purified by prep-HPLC, 10% - 32% MeCN/water/0.1% TFA. to yield a pale yellow solid which was dissolved in DCM and treated with an equal volume of TFA to yield a bright yellow solution which was allowed to stand at rt for 20 min.
  • reaction mixture was filtered through a Si-thiol cartridge to remove metals and purified by flash column, 12% - 32% MeCN/water/0.1% TFA to yield a tan solid which was dissolved in DCM and treated with an equal volume of TFA and the resulting orange solution was allowed to stand at rt.
  • Step b 5-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine
  • 2-MeTHF 3-methyl-1,10- phenanthroline
  • Step c N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(5- hydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide
  • the reaction was diluted with 50 mL EtOAc, washed 3x water then 1x brine, filtered through cotton, and concentrated to a clear colorless oil.
  • the crude oil was purified by flash column, 0 - 10% EtOAc/heptane to yield 2-((1,3-dibromopropan-2- yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (1.23 g, 88%) as a clear colorless oil.
  • Step b 2-methyl-6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1- b][1,3]oxazine
  • Step c 2-methyl-6-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazine
  • Step d N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(6- hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • a mixture of 6-chloro-N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide 60 mg, 0.081 mmol
  • Step b N-((1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl)-1-phenylmethanamine
  • tert-butyl ((1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl)(benzyl)carbamate (6 g, 20.88 mmol) in EtOAc (20 mL) in a 500 mL round bottle of equipped with an addition funnel was chilled in an ice bath under nitrogen.
  • HCl (1M in EtOAc, 50 mL, 50 mmol) was transferred via cannula to the addition funnel, then added rapidly dropwise. After the addition was complete, the ice bath was removed, and the reaction was stirred at rt. Slow gas evolution and formation of precipitate. Left stirring over the weekend.
  • Step c 5-benzyl-7-methyl-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6(7H)-one
  • a suspension of N-((1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl)-1-phenylmethanamine (0.58 g, 2.59 mmol) under nitrogen in DCM (7.5 mL) in a 50 mL round bottle flask was treated with DIPEA (2.68 mL, 15.56 mmol) and the mixture was stirred until a clear solution resulted.
  • the solution was chilled on an ice bath, 2-chloropropionyl chloride (0.38 mL, 3.89 mmol) was added dropwise, and the ice bath was removed.
  • Step d 5-benzyl-7-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4,5- dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6(7H)-one
  • 2-MeTHF 2-MeTHF
  • Step e 5-benzyl-N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)- 7-methyl-6-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[3,6'-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine]-3'-carboxamide
  • a mixture of 6-chloro-N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide 65 mg, 0.087 mmol
  • 5-benzyl- 7-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin- 6(7H)-one 83 mg, 0.23 mmol
  • reaction mixture was filtered through a Si-thiol cartridge to remove metals and purified by flash column, 9% - 29% MeCN/water/0.1% TFA to yield 5-benzyl-N-(5-(2-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1- yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-methyl-6-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[3,6'-bipyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazine]-3'-carboxamide (17 mg, 30%) as a pale yellow solid.
  • Step b N-(5-amino-2-fluorophenyl)-6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride [00861] To a suspension of tert-butyl (3-(6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamido)-4-fluorophenyl)carbamate (759 mg, 1.15 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) under nitrogen was added HCl (4M in dioxane, 6 mL, 24 mmol) to yield a clear yellow solution, which was heated to 50°C. After 30 min the reaction was cooled and concentrated to a yellow solid.
  • Step c 6-chloro-N-(5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2-fluorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide
  • N-(5-amino-2-fluorophenyl)-6- chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride 770 mg, 1.13 mmol
  • DIPEA 0.87 mL, 5.06 mmol
  • Step d N-(5-(2-(2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-fluorophenyl)-6- chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • 6-chloro-N-(5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2- fluorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide 297 mg, 0.78 mmol
  • 2- azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 96 mg, 0.99 mmol
  • Cs 2 CO 3 760 mg, 2.33 mmol
  • Step e N-(5-(2-(2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methyl- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • a mixture of N-(5-(2-(2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2- fluorophenyl)-6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide 43 mg, 0.097 mmol
  • 1- methylpyrazole-4-boronic acid, pinacol ester 46 mg, 0.21 mmol
  • cesium carbonate 98 mg, 0.3 mmol
  • 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloro palladium(II) (10.5 mg, 0.014 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane
  • Example 169 N-(5-(2-(2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-fluorophenyl)-7- methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[3,6'-bipyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine]-3'-carboxamide
  • reaction was gravity filtered through a Si-thiol column and purified by prep-HPLC, 23% - 43% MeCN/water/0.1% TFA to yield a yellow solid which was dissolved in ⁇ 1 mL DCM and an equal volume of TFA.
  • Example 172 N-(5-(2-((1S,4R)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2- methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • Step a ethyl 6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylate
  • Step b 6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylic acid
  • ethyl 6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazine-3-carboxylate 38 mg, 0.15 mmol
  • 1,4-dioxane 1.5 mL
  • a clear colorless solution of LiOH 11 mg, 0.46 mmol
  • the reaction was concentrated and acidified with 1N HCl.
  • Step c N-(5-(2-((1S,4R)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)acetamido)-2-methylpyridin-3- yl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • Step b N-(5-amino-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride [00872] To a suspension of tert-butyl (4-fluoro-3-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamido)phenyl)carbamate (124 mg, 0.27 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added HCl (4M in dioxane, 1 mL, 4 mmol) to yield a clear yellow solution with exotherm.
  • Step c N-(5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • N-(5-amino-2-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methyl-1H- pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride 55 mg, 0.14 mmol
  • DIPEA 61 ⁇ L, 0.35 mmol
  • Example 175. N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-(tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrol-5(3H)- yl)acetamido)phenyl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- Step a: tert-butyl (3-(6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamido)-4- fluorophenyl)carbamate [00876] A mixture of 6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylic acid (212 mg, 1.07 mmol), tert-butyl 3-amino-4-fluorophenylcarbamate [361548
  • Step b N-(5-amino-2-fluorophenyl)-6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride
  • tert-butyl (3-(6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamido)-4-fluorophenyl)carbamate 506 mg, 1.07 mmol
  • MeOH MeOH
  • HCl 4M in dioxane
  • Step c 6-chloro-N-(5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2-fluorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide
  • N-(5-amino-2-fluorophenyl)-6- chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride 507 mg, 1.19 mmol
  • DIPEA 0.9 mL, 5.22 mmol
  • 2-chloroacetyl chloride (0.14 mL, 1.78 mmol
  • Step d 6-chloro-N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-(tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrol-5(3H)- yl)acetamido)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • a mixture of 6-chloro-N-(5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2- fluorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide 68 mg, 0.18 mmol
  • hexahydro-1H- furo[3,4-C]pyrrole 40 mg, 0.35 mmol
  • Cs 2 CO 3 116 mg, 0.36 mmol
  • Step e N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-(tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrol-5(3H)-yl)acetamido)phenyl)- 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • a mixture of 6-chloro-N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-(tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrol- 5(3H)-yl)acetamido)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide (20 mg, 0.044 mmol), 1- methylpyrazole-4-boronic acid, pinacol ester (22 mg, 0.1 mmol), 1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloro palladium(II) (5 mg, 0.0072 mmol), and cesium carbonate (49 mg,
  • Example 181 (S)-N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-(3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)pyridin-3-yl)-6- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • Step a ethyl 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylate
  • ethyl 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylate To a mixture of ethyl 6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylate (3.0 g, 13.3 mmol) in dioxane (60 mL) and H 2 O (15 mL).Then 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5)
  • Step b 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxylic acid
  • ethyl 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazine-3-carboxylate 2.0 g, 7.4 mmol
  • lithium hydroxide hydrate 393 mg, 9.4 mmol
  • H 2 O 10 mL
  • Step d tert-butyl (5-amino-6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)carbamate
  • tert-butyl (6-fluoro-5-nitropyridin-3-yl)carbamate 1.3 g, 4.0 mmol
  • NH 4 Cl 0.88 g, 16.4 mmol
  • Fe 0.91 g, 16.3 mmol
  • Step e tert-butyl (6-fluoro-5-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamido)pyridin-3-yl)carbamate
  • 6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3- carboxylic acid (4.0 g, 15.8 mmol) and SOCl 2 (55 mL) was added. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 70°C for 1 hour.
  • Step g N-(5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide
  • N-(5-amino-2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1H- pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide 400 mg, 0.89 mmol
  • DMF 15 mL
  • NaHCO 3 237 mg, 2.8 mmol
  • 2-chloroacetyl chloride 153 mg, 1.4 mmol
  • Step h (S)-N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-(3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamido)pyridin-3-yl)-6-(1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide [00889] To the mixture of N-(5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-6-(1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide (200 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added (S)-3-methoxypyrrolidine (77 mg, 0.76 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (204 mg, 1.5 mmol) and NaI (68 mg, 0.45 mmol).
  • Instrumentation a. Compound liquid handling: LabCyte Echo; b. Reagent liquid handling: Thermo Scientific Multidrop Combi; c. BMG PHERAStar multilabel plate reader.
  • Protein Reagent His6-TEV-PDGFR ⁇ Protein Prep prepared at Accelagen.
  • II. Methods and Procedures [00898] Stock solutions: [00899] Assay buffer stock solution, contains 50 mM Hepes, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, and 0.01% Brij-35, 0.01% ovalbumin, 2 mM DTT at pH 7.5, in molecular biology grade water. Store at room temperature.
  • DTT 2 M in molecular biology grade water, store at -20°C in aliquots.
  • Ovalbumin 10% or 100 mg/mL, prepare fresh on experimental day.
  • PDGFR ⁇ 116 ⁇ M (PDGFRb_08 Prep 02), produced at Accelagen. Store at -80°C in aliquots.
  • TK-biotin peptide 0.5 ⁇ M in molecular biology grade water, store at - 20°C in aliquots.
  • ATP 100 mM in molecular biology grade water, store at -20°C in aliquots.
  • HTRF KinEASE-TK kit Allow the contents of the Cisbio kit to warm up to room temperature before use. This kit contains HTRF detection buffer, TK-Antibody labeled with Eu 3+- cryptate, TK-substrate biotin and Streptavidin-XL665. [00906] TK Substrate-Biotin, reconstitute 500 ⁇ g lyopholized with 574 ⁇ L molecular biology grade water to prepare a 500 ⁇ M stock; After use, aliquot the rest and store at -20°C.
  • TK Antibody-Cryptate reconstitute lyophilized with 1 mL of molecular biology grade water (100x solution) then add 99 mL detection buffer to prepare a ready to use TK-antibody-cryptate solution; the concentration of the TK-antibody-cryptate reagent is not known. After use, aliquot the rest and store at -20°C.
  • Freshly prepared solutions [00910] Assay buffer. Dilute 5x Kinase buffer 5-fold with molecular biology grade water and add DTT to 2 mM and ovalbumin to 0.1 mg/mL (or 0.01%). [00911] 2X protein solution. Make a working solution of 100 pM PDGFR ⁇ in assay buffer. Keep on ice until use to maintain enzyme stability. [00912] 2X substrate solution. Make a working solution of 1.6 mM ATP and 1 ⁇ M TK-substrate biotin peptide in assay buffer. [00913] 3X quench/detection solution.
  • Assay Procedure [00921] Assay in white ProxiPlate 384-well [00922] Step 1. Dispensing inhibitors/DMSO and low control: Using the ECHO 555 acoustic dispenser, spot desired compound serial dilutions in DMSO, NEAT DMSO to represent the uninhibited enzyme control, and 10 ⁇ M final [imatinib] to the represent the 100% inhibited enzyme control [00923] Step 2. PDGFR ⁇ E + I pre-incubation: Add 2 ⁇ L 2x protein solution to columns 1-24 using the Multidrop Combi. Centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Incubate 30 min at RT [00924] Step 2.
  • Enzymatic reaction Add 2 ⁇ L substrate solution to columns 1-24 to initiate the reaction using the Multidrop Combi; cover/seal the assay plate to reduce evaporation. Centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Incubate at room temperature for 3 hours.
  • HTRF ratio values calculated by the instrument (Ratio is acceptor counts/donor counts * 10,000) is exported from the plate reader and used in data analysis. The exported data will be used to calculate 1) compound activity and 2) assay statistics.
  • Compound activity is represented by % Inhibition when testing a single dose of a compound or IC50 when testing a dose response of a compound.
  • Assay statistics can include Robust Z’ and Signal to Background.
  • PDGFR ⁇ LanthaScreen assay [00951] I. Materials [00952] II. Methods and Procedures [00953] Stock solutions: [00954] Assay buffer stock contains 50 mM HEPES pH7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% Brij- 35, 1 mM EGTA. [00955] Tb-labeled inactive PDGFR ⁇ .3.6 ⁇ M in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.005% Tween-20 and 10% glycerol. Store at -80 o C in aliquots. [00956] Tracer 222, 50 ⁇ M in DMSO, store at -20 o C.
  • Freshly prepared solutions [00958] Assay buffer. Add DTT to 2 mM and ovalbumin to 0.1 mg/mL to Assay buffer stock. [00959] Kinase-Tracer solution. Make a working solution of 0.2 nM Tb-labeled inactive PDGFR ⁇ and 40 nM Tracer 222 in Assay buffer. Keep on ice until use. [00960] Assay Procedure: [00961] Step 1. Dispensing inhibitors: Using Echo, dispense 40nL/well (or less) compound serial dilutions in DMSO onto the assay plate. [00962] Step 2. Dispensing Kinase-Tracer solution: Add 4 ⁇ L/well Kinase-Tracer solution.
  • % Inhibition (NC – sample) / (NC – PC) * 100 where NC is the mean of negative control (reactions without inhibitor), and PC is the mean of positive control (1 ⁇ M sunitinib).
  • PDGFR ⁇ cellular assay [00972] I. Materials [00973] II. Methods and Procedures [00974] Cell Culture and Preparation: Cells are cultured according to ATCC procedure (5) with the addition of the antibiotic penicillin-streptomycin. If working from frozen, cells should be thawed according to ATCC procedure. Depending on the cell density of frozen vial, cells will need time to recover from thaw. An 80% confluent T75 flask should be enough for one 384 well plate. [00975] Stock Solutions: Rat PDGFBB. A 100ug/mL stock is prepared by reconstituting 50ug in 500uL of 4mM HCl and 0.1% BSA.
  • Freshly Prepared Solutions [00977] 1x Cisbio cell lysis buffer. The cell lysis buffer is diluted 4-fold with molecular grade water. The blocking agent is then diluted 25-fold in the diluted lysis buffer. [00978] Antibody solutions. Equal amounts d2 and cryptate antibody are diluted 20-fold in detection buffer. [00979] Rat PDGFBB. A working stock of 100ng/mL is created from the stock solution in 10%FBS culture media.
  • Step 1 Plating Cells: Media from the A10 cell flask is aspirated. The cells are rinsed with PBS and then trypsinized to disperse the cell layer. The cells are then pelleted are resuspended to 1.25e5 cells/mL. 40uL of cells are then plated in 384 Greiner TC treated plates at a density of 5000 cells/well using the Combi. Plates are covered and placed in the incubator (37°C 5% CO2) overnight to allow cells to adhere.
  • Step 2 Compound Dispense: Approximately 18 hours after plating, dispense 40nL compound onto cells using Echo.
  • Step 3 Activation by PDGFbb: 6uL of the working stock of 100ng/mL PDGFbb is dispensed using the Tempest to give a final assay concentration of 15ng/mL (EC80). After 10 minutes the media is removed by flicking the plate.
  • Step 4 Cell lysis and antibody addition: 20uL lysis buffer per well is added to the plate via Tempest. 5uL antibody solution is added per well via the Tempest. The plate is placed on the shaker at 230 rpm for 1 hour at room temperature.
  • Assay buffer stock contains 50mM HEPES pH7.5, 10mM MgCl2, 0.01% Brij-35, and 1mM EGTA.
  • 10mg/mL srctide solution prepared in Assay buffer (Assay buffer stock with 2mM DTT, 0.1% Pluronic F-127, and 0.1mg/mL ovalbumin).
  • Step 2 Pre-incubation of inhibitors with kinase: Add 2 ⁇ L/well 2X kinase solution. Centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Incubate at room temperature for 30 min.
  • Step 3 Kinase cascade reaction: Add 2 ⁇ L/well 2X substrate/ATP solution to initiate kinase reactions.
  • % Inhibition (NC – sample) / (NC – PC) * 100 where NC is the mean of negative control (reactions without inhibitor), and PC is the mean of positive control (1 ⁇ M TAK-593).
  • IC50 determination Compounds are serially diluted 3-fold and tested in an 11- point dose response.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des composés de formule (I) et des sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables de ceux-ci. L'invention concerne également des compositions pharmaceutiques comprenant des composés de formule (I), ainsi que leurs procédés d'utilisation et de préparation.
PCT/EP2023/066732 2022-06-22 2023-06-21 Pyrazolopyrazine carboxamides et leurs utilisations comme inhibiteurs de pdgfr WO2023247595A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263354276P 2022-06-22 2022-06-22
US63/354,276 2022-06-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023247595A1 true WO2023247595A1 (fr) 2023-12-28

Family

ID=87003229

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2023/066732 WO2023247595A1 (fr) 2022-06-22 2023-06-21 Pyrazolopyrazine carboxamides et leurs utilisations comme inhibiteurs de pdgfr

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023247595A1 (fr)

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3657744A (en) 1970-05-08 1972-04-25 Univ Minnesota Method for fixing prosthetic implants in a living body
US4739762A (en) 1985-11-07 1988-04-26 Expandable Grafts Partnership Expandable intraluminal graft, and method and apparatus for implanting an expandable intraluminal graft
US4992445A (en) 1987-06-12 1991-02-12 American Cyanamid Co. Transdermal delivery of pharmaceuticals
US5001139A (en) 1987-06-12 1991-03-19 American Cyanamid Company Enchancers for the transdermal flux of nivadipine
US5023252A (en) 1985-12-04 1991-06-11 Conrex Pharmaceutical Corporation Transdermal and trans-membrane delivery of drugs
US5040548A (en) 1989-06-01 1991-08-20 Yock Paul G Angioplasty mehtod
US5061273A (en) 1989-06-01 1991-10-29 Yock Paul G Angioplasty apparatus facilitating rapid exchanges
US5195984A (en) 1988-10-04 1993-03-23 Expandable Grafts Partnership Expandable intraluminal graft
US5292331A (en) 1989-08-24 1994-03-08 Applied Vascular Engineering, Inc. Endovascular support device
US5451233A (en) 1986-04-15 1995-09-19 Yock; Paul G. Angioplasty apparatus facilitating rapid exchanges
US5496346A (en) 1987-01-06 1996-03-05 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Reinforced balloon dilatation catheter with slitted exchange sleeve and method
US5674278A (en) 1989-08-24 1997-10-07 Arterial Vascular Engineering, Inc. Endovascular support device
US6344053B1 (en) 1993-12-22 2002-02-05 Medtronic Ave, Inc. Endovascular support device and method
WO2013030802A1 (fr) 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Novartis Ag Dérivés hétérocycliques bicycliques pour le traitement d'une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3657744A (en) 1970-05-08 1972-04-25 Univ Minnesota Method for fixing prosthetic implants in a living body
US4739762A (en) 1985-11-07 1988-04-26 Expandable Grafts Partnership Expandable intraluminal graft, and method and apparatus for implanting an expandable intraluminal graft
US4739762B1 (en) 1985-11-07 1998-10-27 Expandable Grafts Partnership Expandable intraluminal graft and method and apparatus for implanting an expandable intraluminal graft
US5023252A (en) 1985-12-04 1991-06-11 Conrex Pharmaceutical Corporation Transdermal and trans-membrane delivery of drugs
US5451233A (en) 1986-04-15 1995-09-19 Yock; Paul G. Angioplasty apparatus facilitating rapid exchanges
US5496346A (en) 1987-01-06 1996-03-05 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Reinforced balloon dilatation catheter with slitted exchange sleeve and method
US5001139A (en) 1987-06-12 1991-03-19 American Cyanamid Company Enchancers for the transdermal flux of nivadipine
US4992445A (en) 1987-06-12 1991-02-12 American Cyanamid Co. Transdermal delivery of pharmaceuticals
US5195984A (en) 1988-10-04 1993-03-23 Expandable Grafts Partnership Expandable intraluminal graft
US5040548A (en) 1989-06-01 1991-08-20 Yock Paul G Angioplasty mehtod
US5061273A (en) 1989-06-01 1991-10-29 Yock Paul G Angioplasty apparatus facilitating rapid exchanges
US5292331A (en) 1989-08-24 1994-03-08 Applied Vascular Engineering, Inc. Endovascular support device
US5674278A (en) 1989-08-24 1997-10-07 Arterial Vascular Engineering, Inc. Endovascular support device
US5879382A (en) 1989-08-24 1999-03-09 Boneau; Michael D. Endovascular support device and method
US6344053B1 (en) 1993-12-22 2002-02-05 Medtronic Ave, Inc. Endovascular support device and method
WO2013030802A1 (fr) 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Novartis Ag Dérivés hétérocycliques bicycliques pour le traitement d'une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Basic and Clinical Pharmacology", 2003, MCGRAW HILL
"Handbook of Clinical Drug Data", 2002, MCGRAW-HILL
"Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia", 1999, THE PHARMACEUTICAL PRESS
"Principles of Drug Action", 1990
"Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences", 2000, LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
"The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics", 2001, MCGRAW HILL
SHAW DUNCAN E. ET AL: "Optimization of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) Inhibitors for Duration of Action, as an Inhaled Therapy for Lung Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension", JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 59, no. 17, 19 August 2016 (2016-08-19), US, pages 7901 - 7914, XP093069286, ISSN: 0022-2623, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00703 *

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2020202707B2 (en) Heteroaryl pyridone and aza-pyridone compounds as inhibitors of Btk activity
US10787452B2 (en) Compounds useful as inhibitors of ATR kinase
AU2023233205A1 (en) SHP2 phosphatase inhibitors and methods of use thereof
TWI503322B (zh) 作為ｃｄｋ４／６抑制劑之吡咯并嘧啶化合物
RU2638116C2 (ru) Пиразоло[3,4-с]пиридины и способы их применения
AU2022209304A1 (en) Heteroaryl compounds for treating Huntington's disease
CA3139821A1 (fr) Composes pour le traitement de la maladie de huntington
KR20150028999A (ko) 5-아자인다졸 화합물 및 이의 사용 방법
JP2021506941A (ja) ジアザインドール化合物
EP4267585A1 (fr) Pyrazolothiazole carboxamides et leurs utilisations en tant qu'inhibiteurs de pdgfr
TW202104230A (zh) 用於治療自體免疫疾病之六氫-1H-吡并[1,2-a]吡化合物
WO2022207924A1 (fr) Dérivés de (s)-1-(5-((pyridin-3-yl)thio)pyrazin-2-yl)-4'h,6'h-spiro[pipéridine-4,5'-pyrrolo [1,2-b]pyrazol]-4'-amine et composés similaires servant d'inhibiteurs de shp2 pour le traitement, par exemple, du cancer
WO2023091726A1 (fr) Inhibiteurs de la kinase 12 dépendante de la cycline (cdk12)
CN118556059A (zh) 用于治疗癌症的杂环化合物
WO2023247595A1 (fr) Pyrazolopyrazine carboxamides et leurs utilisations comme inhibiteurs de pdgfr
WO2023247593A1 (fr) Pyrrolopyridine carboxamides et leurs utilisations en tant qu'inhibiteurs de pdgfr
WO2023247590A1 (fr) Carboxamides de triazolopyridine et de benzoisoxazole et leurs utilisations en tant qu'inhibiteurs de pdgfr
WO2023247596A1 (fr) Pyrazolothiazole carboxamides et leurs utilisations comme inhibiteurs de pdgfr
AU2022317287A1 (en) Pyrazolopyrimidines and their uses as pdgfr inhibitors
WO2024104968A1 (fr) Pyrazolopyrrolopyridazines et leurs utilisations en tant qu'inhibiteurs de pdgfr
CN116802184A (zh) 吡唑并噻唑甲酰胺及其作为pdgfr抑制剂的用途
TW202342483A (zh) 治療自體免疫疾病之咪唑大環
WO2024091370A1 (fr) Composés hétéroaromatiques bicycliques fusionnés en 5,6

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23734942

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1