WO2023246662A1 - 一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2023246662A1
WO2023246662A1 PCT/CN2023/100841 CN2023100841W WO2023246662A1 WO 2023246662 A1 WO2023246662 A1 WO 2023246662A1 CN 2023100841 W CN2023100841 W CN 2023100841W WO 2023246662 A1 WO2023246662 A1 WO 2023246662A1
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aerobic fermentation
ventilation
feeding
discharging
mixing
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French (fr)
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邹锦林
王艳明
石广甫
熊建英
鲁庆丹
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上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司
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Publication of WO2023246662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023246662A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/20—Degassing; Venting; Bubble traps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of aerobic fermentation or composting treatment, and specifically relates to a modular dynamic aerobic fermentation device and method.
  • the present invention will be based on the concept of modular dynamic aerobic fermentation to find a new aerobic fermentation process with large processing scale, small footprint, short fermentation cycle, and effective odor control.
  • the specially designed mixing blades have the functions of loosening the pile materials and ventilation while rotating. With the horizontal and vertical staggered design, the ventilation and aerobic performance of the pile can be greatly improved, and the chance of blockage of the ventilation holes is greatly reduced. , and at the same time, with the help of the feeding device and the discharging device, it can assist in the distribution and discharging functions.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular dynamic aerobic fermentation device and method based on the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, thereby overcoming the traditional silo-type dynamic aerobic fermentation technology's small processing scale, high ton investment, and odor. Defects such as incomplete control are overcome. At the same time, with the help of staggered layout and new mixing blades and ventilation systems, the common difficulties of large-scale dynamic aerobic fermentation such as uneven ventilation and uneven feeding and discharging are overcome. question.
  • a modular dynamic aerobic fermentation device including a feeding device, an aerobic fermentation bin, a stirring and ventilation device, a discharging device, and a control system;
  • the feeding device spirally lifts a hopper, a feed distribution screw, and a feed distribution It consists of a sliding plate valve;
  • the aerobic fermentation bin is an overhead structure, made of carbon steel anti-corrosion or stainless steel, and the outer wall is made of insulation and outer protection plates;
  • the mixing and ventilation device includes a hollow mixing main shaft, a mixing auxiliary shaft, and a mixing paddle. It consists of leaves, perforated ventilation ducts, ventilation ducts and fans;
  • the discharging device includes a bottom discharging spiral and a bottom discharging summary spiral;
  • the control system is a dual feedback control system based on oxygen concentration and temperature.
  • the agitators of the stirring device have a horizontal and vertical two-way staggered layout, and the horizontal staggered distance can be adjusted according to the looseness of the material.
  • the feeding device adopts a screw conveyor and a gate valve control method, which can realize uniform feeding at multiple points, and achieve uniform distribution with the help of staggered layout agitators.
  • the aerobic fermentation device can increase the number of modules and expand the equipment horizontally according to the processing scale requirements.
  • the discharging device uses multiple sets of screw conveyors to discharging materials, which can realize multi-point discharging.
  • the main stirring shaft and the secondary stirring shaft of the stirring device are hollow structures, and the top ventilation main pipe and the blower are used to move the air along the main stirring shaft, the secondary stirring shaft and the ventilation holes of the stirring blades.
  • the mixing blade has a plow-shaped structure principle, which can loosen the material during the rotation of the mixing blade. At the same time, air can be passed into it.
  • the ventilation hole of the mixing blade is set in a concave structure to avoid holes. Blocked by material.
  • the compost control of the aerobic fermentation device adopts a dual feedback control system based on oxygen concentration and temperature, which is composed of an oxygen concentration probe, a temperature probe and a feedback control unit.
  • the oxygen concentration probe and temperature probe are inserted into the pile In the pile, the blower can be automatically controlled to turn on or off according to changes in oxygen concentration and temperature in the pile.
  • a modular dynamic aerobic fermentation method using the above-mentioned modular dynamic aerobic fermentation device, the aerobic fermentation method is: pouring materials into a spiral lifting hopper through a vehicle, and distributing materials through a feed distribution screw and a feed distribution
  • the gate valves A, B, and C are opened and closed sequentially to realize multi-point feeding, and then the materials are evenly arranged in the aerobic fermentation device through the rotation of the agitator.
  • the ventilation volume is controlled according to the oxygen and temperature levels in the pile. , maintain the pile temperature above 55°C for more than 5 days.
  • the fermented materials will be discharged centrally through the bottom discharging device.
  • the odor generated during the aerobic fermentation process will pass through the top odor
  • the collection pipeline collects the waste and sends it to the deodorization unit.
  • the aerobic fermentation device can realize continuous feed in and out, and can also realize intermittent feed in and out.
  • the specially designed mixing blades have the functions of loosening the pile materials and ventilation while rotating.
  • the ventilation of the pile can be greatly improved.
  • Oxygen performance the chance of ventilation holes being blocked is greatly reduced.
  • the feeding device and the discharging device it can assist in the distribution and discharging of materials. Relying on the above innovative design, a new aerobic fermentation process with large processing scale, small footprint, short fermentation cycle and effective odor control is realized.
  • Figure 1 is an upper plan view of an aerobic fermentation device in a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a lower plan view of the aerobic fermentation device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an aerobic fermentation device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a large cross-sectional view of a stirring blade in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the traditional silo-type dynamic aerobic fermentation process.
  • the marks 1-13 in the figure are: 1 spiral lifting hopper, 2 feed distribution screw, 3 feed distribution gate valve, 4 mixer motor, 5 mixing main shaft, 6 mixing auxiliary shaft, 7 Stirring blade, 8 ventilation main pipe, 9 ventilation perforated riser, 10 bottom discharging spiral, 11 bottom discharging summary spiral, 12 deodorization pipe, 13 aerobic fermentation bin.
  • the ventilation volume is automatically controlled according to the oxygen and temperature levels in the pile.
  • the blower is automatically controlled to open and close.
  • the blower is turned on.
  • the ventilation volume is automatically controlled. Stop the blower at 18%.
  • the temperature of the compost material exceeds 75°C, the blower will be on regardless of the oxygen concentration of the compost material.
  • the blower will be turned on controlled by the oxygen concentration in the compost material. Until the end of composting, maintain the pile temperature above 55°C for more than 5 days.
  • the fermented materials will be collected through the bottom discharging spiral 10 (can be set in multiple groups) and the bottom discharging summary spiral 11.
  • the odor generated during the aerobic fermentation process is collected through the top deodorization pipe 12 and sent to the deodorization unit.
  • the aerobic fermentation device can realize continuous feed in and out, and can also realize intermittent feed in and out.
  • the advantages of this invention are that it can realize closed dynamic aerobic fermentation of sludge, digestate, organic solid residue and other materials with high moisture content, and has good environmental control; the processing scale is larger than that of traditional silo aerobic fermentation bins (usually no more than 10t/ d) is greatly improved, and the number of modules can be increased according to demand, and the equipment can be expanded horizontally to increase the processing capacity of a single set of equipment (50-100t/d), thus greatly reducing land occupation and investment.

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Abstract

一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置及方法，所述好氧发酵装置包括进料装置、好氧发酵仓、搅拌及通风装置、出料装置、控制系统；所述进料装置螺旋提升料斗、进料分配螺旋、进料分配插板阀组成；所述好氧发酵仓为架空式结构，采用碳钢防腐或不锈钢材质，外壁采用保温和外护板；所述搅拌及通风装置包括中空式搅拌主轴、搅拌副轴、搅拌桨叶、穿孔通风管、通风管道及风机组成；所述出料装置包括底部出料螺旋、底部出料汇总螺旋；所述控制系统为基于氧气浓度和温度的双重反馈控制系统。

Description

一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置及方法
本申请要求申请日为2022年6月22日的中国专利申请202210712073.8的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明属于好氧发酵或堆肥处理技术领域，具体涉及一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置及方法。
背景技术
传统筒仓式动态好氧发酵技术目前多用于禽畜粪便处理，具有发酵周期短、臭气控制相对传统堆肥好的优势，但其处理规模相对较小，通常单台处理规模小(不超过10t/d)，导致其吨投资高，大规模应用受到一定制约，且进料环节多为反转机构露天进料，臭气问题解决不彻底。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明将基于可模块化动态好氧发酵理念，找到处理规模大、占地面积小、发酵周期短、臭气可有效控制的新好氧发酵工艺，并在此基础上，特殊设计的搅拌桨叶，在转动的同时兼具疏松堆体物料和通风的功能，并且借助水平及垂直方向的错层设计，可极大改善堆体通风好氧性能，通风孔堵塞几率大大降低，同时借助进料装置和出料装置，起到辅助布料和出料的功能。
本发明的目的是根据上述现有技术的不足之处，提供一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置及方法，从而克服传统筒仓式动态好氧发酵技术处理规模小、吨投资高、臭气控制不彻底等缺陷，同时借助错层布局和新型搅拌桨叶及通风系统，克服了大规模动态好氧发酵普遍存在的通风不均、进出料不均等难 题。
本发明目的实现由以下技术方案完成：
一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，包括进料装置、好氧发酵仓、搅拌及通风装置、出料装置、控制系统；所述进料装置螺旋提升料斗、进料分配螺旋、进料分配插板阀组成；所述好氧发酵仓为架空式结构，采用碳钢防腐或不锈钢材质，外壁采用保温和外护板；所述搅拌及通风装置包括中空式搅拌主轴、搅拌副轴、搅拌桨叶、穿孔通风管、通风管道及风机组成；所述出料装置包括底部出料螺旋、底部出料汇总螺旋；所述控制系统为基于氧气浓度和温度的双重反馈控制系统。
在本方案公开的一些实施例中，所述搅拌装置的搅拌器为水平和垂直双向错层布局，并可根据物料松散度调节水平交错的距离。
在本方案公开的一些实施例中，所述进料装置采用螺旋输送机和插板阀控制方式，可实现多点均布进料，并借助交错布局搅拌器实现均匀布料。
在本方案公开的一些实施例中，所述好氧发酵装置可根据处理规模需求，增加模块数量，横向拓展设备。
在本方案公开的一些实施例中，所述出料装置采用多组螺旋输送机出料，可实现多点出料。
在本方案公开的一些实施例中，所述搅拌装置的搅拌主轴、搅拌副轴均为中空结构，并通过顶部通风母管及鼓风机将空气沿搅拌主轴、搅拌副轴机和搅拌桨叶透气孔通入物料中，搅拌桨叶为犁形结构原理，可在搅拌桨叶转动过程中，将物料松动，同时可将空气通入其中，搅拌桨叶通气孔设置在凹形结构中，可避免孔洞被物料堵塞。
在本方案公开的一些实施例中，好氧发酵装置的堆肥控制采用基于氧气浓度和温度的双重反馈控制系统，由氧气浓度探头、温度探头和反馈控制单元组成，氧气浓度探头、温度探头插入堆体中，可根据堆体中氧气浓度、温度变化自动控制鼓风机开启或关闭。
一种可模块化动态好氧发酵方法，采用上述可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，所述好氧发酵方法为：将物料通过车辆倒入螺旋提升料斗中，通过进料分配螺旋和进料分配插板阀A、B、C的依次开闭，实现多点进料，再通过搅拌器的转动，将物料均匀的布置在好氧发酵装置内，期间根据堆体中氧气和温度水平控制通风量，维持堆体温度55℃以上超过5天，经过9-11天左右的高温好氧发酵，通过底部出料装置将发酵后物料集中出料，好氧发酵过程中产生的臭气通过顶部臭气收集管道集中收集后送至除臭单元，该好氧发酵装置可实现连续进出料，也可实现间歇式进出料。
本实施例的有益效果在于：
基于可模块化动态好氧发酵理念，特殊设计搅拌桨叶，在转动的同时兼具疏松堆体物料和通风的功能，并且借助水平及垂直方向的错层设计，可极大改善堆体通风好氧性能，通风孔堵塞几率大大降低，同时借助进料装置和出料装置，起到辅助布料和出料的功能。依托上述创新设计，实现处理规模大、占地面积小、发酵周期短、臭气可有效控制的新好氧发酵工艺。
附图说明
图1为本发明某一具体实施例中好氧发酵装置的上层平面图；
图2为本发明某一具体实施例中好氧发酵装置的下层平面图；
图3为本发明某一具体实施例中好氧发酵装置的剖面图；
图4为本发明某一具体实施例中搅拌桨叶剖面大样图；
图5为传统筒仓式动态好氧发酵工艺示意图。
如附图1-4，图中标记1-13分别为：1螺旋提升料斗、2进料分配螺旋、3进料分配插板阀、4搅拌器电机、5搅拌主轴、6搅拌副轴、7搅拌桨叶、8通风母管、9通风穿孔立管、10底部出料螺旋、11底部出料汇总螺旋、12除臭管道、13好氧发酵仓。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需要说明的是，以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
其中，附图仅用于示例性说明，表示的仅是示意图，而非实物图，不能理解为对本发明的限制；为了更好地说明本发明的实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。
请参阅图1-4，将物料通过车辆倒入1螺旋提升料斗中，通过进料分配螺旋2和进料分配插板阀3的A、B、C(可多组设置)依次开闭，实现多点进料，再通过搅拌电机4带动中空式的搅拌主轴5、搅拌副轴6和搅拌桨叶7的转动，将物料均匀的布置在好氧发酵仓13内，同时通过鼓风机和其连接的通风母管8，将空气沿着中空式的搅拌主轴5、搅拌副轴6和搅拌桨叶7送入发酵堆体内，通过通风穿孔立管9将空气送入搅拌装置无法覆盖的发酵堆体内，期间根据堆体中氧气和温度水平自动控制通风量，通过内嵌在集装箱内的氧气和温度探头，自动控制鼓风机开启和关闭，当堆肥物料氧气浓度低于8％后鼓风机开启，当氧气浓度高于18％时停止鼓风机，当堆肥物料温度超过75℃时，则无论堆肥物料氧气浓度为何值，鼓风机均处于打开状态，当温度低于75℃时，则由堆肥物料内的氧气浓度控制开启，直至堆肥结束，维持堆体温度55℃以上超过5天，经过9-11天左右的高温好氧发酵，通过底部出料螺旋10(可多组设置)和底部出料汇总螺旋11将发酵后物料集中排出，好氧发酵过程中产生的臭气通过顶部除臭管道12集中收集后送至除臭单元，该好氧发酵装置可实现连续进出料，也可实现间歇式进出料。
本发明的优点在于：可实现高含水率的污泥、沼渣及有机固渣等物料密闭式动态好氧发酵、环境控制好；处理规模较传统筒仓好氧发酵仓(通常不超过10t/d)大大提高，且可根据需求增加模块数量，横向拓展设备从而增加单套设备处理能力(50-100t/d)，从而可大大降低占地和投资。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明，在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此，本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，所述好氧发酵装置包括进料装置、好氧发酵仓、搅拌及通风装置、出料装置、控制系统；
    所述进料装置螺旋提升料斗、进料分配螺旋、进料分配插板阀组成；
    所述好氧发酵仓为架空式结构，采用碳钢防腐或不锈钢材质，外壁采用保温和外护板；
    所述搅拌及通风装置包括中空式搅拌主轴、搅拌副轴、搅拌桨叶、穿孔通风管、通风管道及风机组成；
    所述出料装置包括底部出料螺旋、底部出料汇总螺旋；
    所述控制系统为基于氧气浓度和温度的双重反馈控制系统。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，搅拌装置的搅拌器为水平和垂直双向错层布局，并可根据物料松散度调节水平交错的距离。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，所述进料装置采用螺旋输送机和插板阀控制方式，可实现多点均布进料，并借助交错布局搅拌器实现均匀布料。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，所述好氧发酵仓可根据处理规模需求，增加模块数量，横向拓展设备。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，所述出料装置采用多组螺旋输送机出料，可实现多点出料。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，搅拌装置的搅拌主轴、搅拌副轴均为中空结构，并通过顶部通风母管及鼓风机将空气沿搅拌主轴、搅拌副轴和搅拌桨叶透气孔通入物料中，搅拌桨叶为犁形结构原理，可在搅拌桨叶转动过程中，将物料松动，同时可将空气通入其中，搅拌桨叶通气孔设置在凹形结构中，可避免孔洞被物料堵塞。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，所 述好氧发酵装置的堆肥控制采用基于氧气浓度和温度的双重反馈控制系统，由氧气浓度探头、温度探头和反馈控制单元组成，氧气浓度探头、温度探头插入堆体中，可根据堆体中氧气浓度、温度变化自动控制鼓风机开启或关闭。
  8. 一种可模块化动态好氧发酵方法，采用权利要求1-7任一所述可模块化动态好氧发酵装置，其特征在于，所述好氧发酵方法为：将物料通过车辆倒入螺旋提升料斗中，通过进料分配螺旋和进料分配插板阀A、B、C的依次开闭，实现多点进料，再通过搅拌器的转动，将物料均匀的布置在好氧发酵装置内，期间根据堆体中氧气和温度水平控制通风量，维持堆体温度55℃以上超过5天，经过9-11天左右的高温好氧发酵，通过底部出料装置将发酵后物料集中出料，好氧发酵过程中产生的臭气通过顶部臭气收集管道集中收集后送至除臭单元，该好氧发酵装置可实现连续进出料，也可实现间歇式进出料。
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