WO2023245841A1 - 电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023245841A1
WO2023245841A1 PCT/CN2022/112815 CN2022112815W WO2023245841A1 WO 2023245841 A1 WO2023245841 A1 WO 2023245841A1 CN 2022112815 W CN2022112815 W CN 2022112815W WO 2023245841 A1 WO2023245841 A1 WO 2023245841A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat dissipation
housing
battery
area
battery case
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PCT/CN2022/112815
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
席飞
唐代春
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023245841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023245841A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery case, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the present application provides a battery case, including: a case with an accommodation cavity inside; a heat dissipation recess provided on at least one side of the case facing and/or away from the accommodation cavity; wherein, The heat dissipation recess extends along the thickness direction of the housing but does not penetrate the housing.
  • a heat dissipation recess is provided on at least one side of the case facing and/or facing away from the accommodation cavity, so that this side has an impermeable "skylight" structure.
  • the thickness of the casing can be thinned, the conduction path of heat in the accommodation cavity can be shortened, and the heat diffusion path can be ensured to be short, effective and rapid heat dissipation can be achieved, and the battery life can be improved.
  • a heat dissipation recess is provided on at least one side of the casing. Under the premise of achieving effective heat dissipation, there is no need to introduce additional structures. This not only helps reduce the weight of the battery cells, but also does not affect the group margin of the electrode assembly in any disguised manner, ensuring that the battery cells The performance of the body is stable.
  • the end of the housing along the first direction is provided with an opening that communicates with the accommodation cavity, and the housing has a first area on any circumferential surface around the opening and is located respectively at The first area is located along the second areas on both sides in the first direction, and a plurality of heat dissipation recesses are spaced in the first area and the two second areas.
  • the distribution density and shape of the heat dissipation recesses can be adjusted according to the current distribution and heat distribution, so as to make the heat dissipation distribution on the housing more reasonable.
  • the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses in each of the second regions is greater than the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses in the first region. In this way, the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses in the second area is greater than the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses in the first area, so that the heat dissipation effect near the top and bottom of the case is better to ensure a more uniform heat dissipation distribution of the battery case.
  • At least one thermally conductive structure is provided in the second area close to the opening, where the thermally conductive structure is located
  • the position is used to correspond to the tab of the electrode assembly; wherein the second direction is the length direction of the opening and intersects with the first direction.
  • the depth of the thermally conductive annular groove gradually decreases outward in a radial direction of the thermally conductive structure.
  • the depth of the heat-conducting ring groove is gradually reduced from the inner ring to the outer ring, so that the heat-conducting structure can adapt to areas with different amounts of heat and make heat dissipation more uniform.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess in the first area is 0.06 ⁇ 0.4 of the thickness of the housing on the first side. In this way, on the first side, the depth of the heat dissipation recess in the first area is reasonably controlled, and on the premise of ensuring effective heat dissipation, the structural strength of the first side is also ensured, and the overall structure is prevented from being easily deformed due to expansion of the electrode assembly.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess in the second area is 0.05 ⁇ 0.55 of the thickness of the housing on the second side. In this way, on the second side, the depth of the heat dissipation recess in the second area is reasonably controlled. On the premise of ensuring effective heat dissipation, the structural strength of the second side is also ensured to avoid the overall structure being easily deformed due to expansion of the electrode assembly.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess is 0.1 to 0.5 of the shell thickness of the bottom surface. In this way, the depth of the heat dissipation recess on the bottom surface is reasonably controlled, and on the premise of ensuring effective heat dissipation, it also ensures the structural strength of the bottom surface and avoids the overall structure being easily deformed due to expansion of the electrode assembly.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including: the battery case described in any one of the above; and an electrode assembly received in the accommodation cavity.
  • the above-mentioned battery adopts the above battery case, where the heat dissipation recess is provided, the thickness of the case is reduced, the conduction path of the heat in the accommodation cavity is shortened, the heat diffusion path is ensured to be short, and effective and rapid heat dissipation is achieved, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the battery. Battery Life.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a second side structural schematic diagram provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • metal isolation grooves can be added to the battery cells and the metal isolation grooves can be used to improve heat dissipation.
  • this structure can improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cell, it will also increase the internal structure of the battery cell, making the whole thing complex and heavy.
  • the added metal isolation grooves inside also increase the group margin of the battery cells in a disguised manner, affecting the performance stability of the battery cells.
  • a heat dissipation recess is provided on at least one side of the housing facing and/or facing away from the accommodation cavity. Wherein, the heat dissipation recess extends along the thickness direction of the housing but does not penetrate the housing.
  • a heat dissipation recess is provided on at least one side of the housing facing and/or facing away from the accommodation cavity, so that this side has an impermeable "skylight" structure.
  • the thickness of the casing can be thinned, the conduction path of heat in the accommodation cavity can be shortened, and the heat diffusion path can be ensured to be short, effective and rapid heat dissipation can be achieved, and the battery life can be improved.
  • a heat dissipation recess is provided on at least one side of the casing.
  • a heat dissipation recess is provided on at least one side of the casing.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in, but are not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system of the electrical device can be composed of battery cells, batteries, etc. disclosed in this application, which is beneficial to speeding up internal heat dissipation and improving the stability of battery performance and battery life.
  • an electrical device in an embodiment of the present application is a vehicle 10000 as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 10000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 10,000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 1000 is disposed inside the vehicle 10000, and the battery 1000 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 10000.
  • the battery 1000 may be used to power the vehicle 10000 , for example, the battery 1000 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 10000 .
  • the vehicle 10000 may also include a controller 2000 and a motor 3000.
  • the controller 2000 is used to control the battery 1000 to provide power to the motor 3000, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 10000.
  • the battery 1000 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 10000, but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 10000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 10000.
  • the first part 210 covers the open side of the second part 220 so that the first part 210 and the second part 220 jointly define a receiving space.
  • the first part 210 and the second part 220 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 210 is covered with the open side of the second part 220.
  • the box 200 formed by the first part 210 and the second part 220 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery 1000 there may be multiple battery cells 100, and the multiple battery cells 100 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 100 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells 100 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells 100 can be accommodated in the box 200 ; of course, the battery 1000 can also be multiple battery cells 100
  • the batteries 1000 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a module form, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 200 .
  • the battery 1000 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 1000 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 100 .
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 100 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes the battery 1000.
  • the battery cell 100 includes an end cap 30 , a case 11 , an electrode assembly 20 and other functional components.
  • the end cap 30 refers to a component that covers the opening 112 of the housing 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 100 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 30 may be adapted to the shape of the housing 11 to fit the housing 11 .
  • the end cap 30 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cap 30 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 100 can have higher structural strength and be safer. Performance could also be improved.
  • the end cap 30 may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals. The electrode terminals may be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 20 for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 100 .
  • the end cap 30 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 100 reaches a threshold.
  • the end cap 30 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • an insulating member may be provided inside the end cover 30 , and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 11 from the end cover 30 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is a component in the battery cell 100 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 20 may be contained within the housing 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 20
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material constitute the tabs 21 respectively.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body.
  • the present application provides a battery case 10 .
  • the battery case 10 includes a housing 11 and a heat dissipation recess 12 .
  • the housing 11 is provided with a receiving cavity 111 inside.
  • the heat dissipation recess 12 is provided on at least one side of the housing 11 facing and/or facing away from the accommodation cavity 111 .
  • the heat dissipation recess 12 extends along the thickness direction of the housing 11 but does not penetrate the housing 11 .
  • the heat dissipation recess 12 can be formed on the inner surface of the housing 11 (that is, the side facing the accommodating cavity 111), or can be formed on the outer surface of the housing 11 (that is, the side facing away from the accommodating cavity 111).
  • the heat dissipation recess 12 is formed on the outer surface of the casing 11 , it not only improves the heat dissipation efficiency, but also prevents problems such as indentation on the surface of the electrode assembly 20 due to uneven force on the large surface when the electrode assembly 20 expands.
  • a heat dissipation recess 12 is provided on at least one side of the housing 11 facing and/or facing away from the accommodating cavity 111, so that this side has an impermeable “skylight” structure. This shortens the heat conduction path in the accommodation cavity 111, ensures a short heat diffusion path, achieves effective and rapid heat dissipation, and is beneficial to extending the life of the battery 1000. At the same time, on the premise of achieving effective heat dissipation, there is no need to introduce additional structures, which not only helps reduce the weight of the battery cell 100, but also does not affect the group margin of the electrode assembly 20 in a disguised manner, ensuring stable performance of the battery cell 100.
  • FIG. 4 on at least one side of the housing 11 .
  • a plurality of heat dissipation recesses 12 are arranged at intervals on at least one side of the housing 11 so that the surface has a honeycomb structure, which further accelerates heat dissipation efficiency and improves the service life and performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the end of the housing 11 along the first direction S1 is provided with an opening 112 communicating with the accommodation cavity 111 .
  • the housing 11 has a first area 13 and second areas 14 respectively located on both sides of the first area 13 along the first direction S1 on any circumferential surface of the opening 112 .
  • a plurality of heat dissipation recesses 12 are spaced apart in the first area 13 and the two second areas 14 .
  • any circumferential surface of the housing 11 around the opening 112 can be understood as a circumferential side surface of the housing 11 , that is, the surface of the housing 11 except the surface facing away from the opening 112 .
  • the casing 11 may have one circumferential surface around the opening 112, such as an arc surface, or multiple surfaces.
  • the casing 11 may have four circumferential surfaces around the opening 112. A face.
  • the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses 12 in each second area 14 is greater than the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses 12 in the first area 13 .
  • the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses 12 refers to the number of heat dissipation recesses 12 distributed per unit area, which is related to the size of the heat dissipation recesses 12 and the spacing between two adjacent heat dissipation recesses 12. For example, taking the circular heat dissipation recesses 12 as an example , in the second area 14 , the diameter of the heat dissipation recess 12 is marked as A1 , and the distance between two adjacent heat dissipation recesses 12 is marked as A2 .
  • the heat generated at the top of the housing 11 will be greater.
  • lithium precipitation often occurs due to the existence of edge effects.
  • increasing the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses 12 in the two second areas 14 is beneficial to accelerating heat dissipation on the top and bottom of the housing 11 .
  • the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses 12 in the second area 14 is greater than the distribution density of the heat dissipation recesses 12 in the first area 13, so that the heat dissipation effect near the top and bottom of the case 11 is better to ensure a more uniform heat dissipation distribution of the battery case 10.
  • At least one thermal conductor is provided in the second area 14 close to the opening 112.
  • Structure 15 the location of the thermally conductive structure 15 is used to correspond to the tab 21 of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the second direction S2 is the length direction of the opening 112 and intersects the first direction S1.
  • the thermal conductive structure 15 refers to a structure that can drive the heat at the position of the tab 21 to be effectively transmitted.
  • the thermal conductive structure 15 can be a groove or hole-shaped structure, or a refrigeration structure, such as a semiconductor refrigeration chip and other components.
  • the second direction S2 refers to the length direction of the opening 112 , and of course can also be understood as the length direction of the end cover 30 .
  • the surface of the casing 11 parallel to the second direction S2 is the surface parallel to the length of the end cover 30 .
  • the surface of the casing 11 parallel to the second direction S2 is the surface of the battery casing 10 . Wait a minute.
  • the first direction S1 and the second direction S2 are arranged vertically.
  • the thermal conductive structure 15 is provided at a position corresponding to the tab 21 to increase the heat dissipation efficiency at this position and ensure more uniform heat dissipation of the battery cell 100 .
  • the thermally conductive structure 15 includes at least two thermally conductive annular grooves 151. All the thermally conductive annular grooves 151 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the thermally conductive structure 15 .
  • the shape of the thermal conductive annular groove 151 can be designed as a circular ring or as a multi-deformable ring structure.
  • the thermal conductive structure 15 is designed as a multi-ring structure to facilitate the acceleration of heat generated at the tab 21 and alleviate the problem of large heating temperature rise at the tab 21 .
  • the thermal conductive structure 15 and the tabs 21 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, so that the heat generated at the two tabs 21 can be effectively conducted out, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cell 100.
  • the circumferential surface of the housing 11 around the opening 112 includes two first side surfaces 113 parallel to the second direction S2 , and two first side surfaces 113 connected to the two first side surfaces 113 .
  • the two first side surfaces 113 and the two second side surfaces 114 are both provided with heat dissipation recesses 12 at intervals.
  • Both the first side 113 and the second side 114 may be flat or curved.
  • the housing 11 has a quadrilateral structure. Specifically, in some embodiments, the housing 11 has a square structure.
  • the ratio between the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 in the first area 13 and the thickness of the housing 11 on the first side 113 may be, but is not limited to, 0.06, 0.1, 0.14, 0.18, 0.22, 0.26, 0.30, 0.4, etc.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 in the first area 13 is reasonably controlled to ensure effective heat dissipation while also ensuring the structural strength of the first side 113 to avoid easy deformation of the overall structure due to expansion of the electrode assembly 20. .
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 in the first area 13 is reasonably controlled to ensure the structural strength of the second side 114 on the premise of ensuring effective heat dissipation and avoid easy deformation of the overall structure due to expansion of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 in the second area 14 is 0.05 ⁇ 0.55 of the thickness of the housing 11 of the second side 114 .
  • the ratio between the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 in the second area 14 and the thickness of the housing 11 on the second side 114 may be, but is not limited to, 0.05, 0.1, 0.14, 0.18, 0.22, 0.26, 0.30, 0.34, 0.38, 0.40, 0.45 , 0.50, 0.55, etc.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 in the second area 14 is reasonably controlled.
  • the structural strength of the second side 114 is also ensured to avoid the overall structure being easily damaged due to expansion of the electrode assembly 20 . Deformation.
  • the surface of the housing 11 facing away from the opening 112 includes a bottom surface 115 .
  • a plurality of heat dissipation recesses 12 are spaced on the bottom surface 115 .
  • heat dissipation recesses 12 are arranged at intervals on the bottom surface 115 .
  • multiple heat dissipation recesses 12 are spaced in a matrix manner; or multiple heat dissipation recesses 12 are arranged in a multi-layer annular structure.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 is 0.1 to 0.5 of the thickness of the housing 11 on the bottom surface 115 .
  • the thickness of the housing 11 on the bottom surface 115 is generally thicker. Therefore, the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 is controlled to be 0.1 to 0.5 of the thickness of the housing 11 on the bottom surface 115 .
  • the ratio between the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 on the bottom surface 115 and the thickness of the housing 11 on the bottom surface 115 may be, but is not limited to, 0.1, 0.14, 0.18, 0.22, 0.26, 0.30, 0.34, 0.38, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, etc.
  • All the heat dissipation recesses 12 are located on the outer surface of the casing 11 , which can improve the appearance of the battery cell 100 and avoid affecting the internal structure of the battery cell 100 .
  • the above-mentioned battery cell 100 adopts the above battery case 10 and thins the thickness of the case 11 where the heat dissipation recess 12 is provided, shortening the heat conduction path in the accommodation cavity 111, ensuring that the heat diffusion path is short, and achieving effective, Rapid heat dissipation is helpful to extend the battery life of 1000.
  • the present application provides a battery 1000.
  • the battery 1000 includes the above battery cells 100 .
  • the present application provides an electrical device.
  • the electric device includes the above battery 1000, and the battery 1000 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the power-consuming device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 1000 .
  • This application provides a battery 1000.
  • the battery 1000 is composed of a case 11, an end cover 30, and an electrode assembly 20.
  • the first side 113, the second side 114, and the bottom 115 of the case 11 are provided with impermeable honeycomb-shaped heat dissipation recesses 12.
  • a polycyclic ring-shaped thermal conductive structure 15 is used at the tab 21 to alleviate the problem of large heating temperature rise at the tab 21, and the depth gradually decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring; the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 is on the first side 113 0.06 ⁇ 0.3 of the thickness of the housing 11.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 is 0.06 to 0.4 of the thickness of the housing 11 on the first side surface 113.
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 is 0.05 to 0.55 of the thickness of the housing 11 on the second side 114 .
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 is 0.1 to 0.4 of the thickness of the housing 11 on the second side 114 .
  • the depth of the heat dissipation recess 12 is 0.1 to 0.5 of the thickness of the housing 11 on the second side surface 114 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置,在壳体朝向和/或背向容纳腔的至少一面上开设散热凹部,使得该面上具有不通透的"天窗"结构。这样在设置有散热凹部处,能减薄壳体的厚度,缩短容纳腔内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池寿命。同时,在壳体至少一面上开设有散热凹部,在实现有效散热的前提下,无需引入额外结构,不仅有利于减轻电池单体重量,而且不会变相影响电极组件的群裕度,保证电池单体的性能稳定。

Description

电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年6月21日递交的名称为“电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的第202221549638.7号中国专利申请,其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域,特别是涉及一种电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言,电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
随着对电池高续航的要求,电池单体的容量随之被增加。而其运行时的发热量也随之增加,若电池单体内部热量无法有效散发出,会严重影响电池单体的使用寿命和安全性。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池寿命。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种电池壳,包括:壳体,内部设有容纳腔;散热凹部,设于所述壳体朝向和/或背向所述容纳腔的至少一面上;其中,所述散热凹部沿所述壳体的厚度方向延伸但不贯穿所述壳体。
上述的电池壳,在壳体朝向和/或背向容纳腔的至少一面上开设散热凹部,使得该面上具有不通透的“天窗”结构。这样在设置有散热凹部处,能减薄壳体的厚度,缩短容纳腔内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、 快速散热,有利于提高电池寿命。同时,在壳体至少一面上开设有散热凹部,在实现有效散热的前提下,无需引入额外结构,不仅有利于减轻电池单体重量,而且不会变相影响电极组件的群裕度,保证电池单体的性能稳定。
在一些实施例中,在所述壳体的至少一面上,所述散热凹部为多个,且全部所述散热凹部间隔排布。如此,在壳体的至少一面上间隔排列多个散热凹部,使得该面呈蜂窝状结构,进一步加快热量散热效率,提升电池单体的使用寿命和性能。
在一些实施例中,所述壳体沿第一方向的端部设有与所述容纳腔连通的开口,所述壳体绕所述开口周向的任一面上均具有第一区域及分别位于所述第一区域沿所述第一方向上两侧的第二区域,所述第一区域及两个所述第二区域中均间隔设有多个所述散热凹部。这样在设置散热凹部时,可以很好根据电流分布及热量分布情况对散热凹部的分布密度和形状大小进行了调整,以使得壳体上的散热分布更加合理。
在一些实施例中,各个所述第二区域中所述散热凹部的分布密度均大于所述第一区域中所述散热凹部的分布密度。如此,第二区域中散热凹部的分布密度大于第一区域中散热凹部的分布密度,使得壳体靠近顶部和底部上的散热效果更佳,以保证电池壳的散热分布更加均匀。
在一些实施例中,在所述壳体绕所述开口周向且与第二方向平行设置的至少一面上,靠近所述开口的第二区域中设有至少一个导热结构,所述导热结构所在位置用于与电极组件的极耳对应;其中,所述第二方向为所述开口的长度方向并与所述第一方向相交。如此,在与极耳对应的位置上设置导热结构,增加该位置处的散热效率,保证电池单体的散热更加均匀。
在一些实施例中,所述导热结构包括至少两个导热环槽,全部所述导热 环槽沿所述导热结构的径向依次间隔套设。如此设计,将导热结构设计成多环状结构,便于加快极耳处产生的热量,以缓解极耳处发热温升大的问题。
在一些实施例中,所述导热环槽的深度沿所述导热结构的径向向外逐渐减小。将导热环槽的深度,由内圈至外圈逐渐减小,以便于导热结构适应不同发热量的区域,使得散热更加均匀。
在一些实施例中,所述导热结构包括两个,两个所述导热结构所在位置分别与所述电极组件上两个极耳一一对应。如此,将导热结构与极耳一一对应设置,使得两个极耳处的发热均能有效传导出,提高电池单体的散热效率。
在一些实施例中,所述壳体绕所述开口周向的面包括两个平行于所述第二方向的第一侧面、以及连接于两个所述第一侧面的两个第二侧面,两个所述第一侧面及两个所述第二侧面上均间隔设有所述散热凹部。如此,将壳体绕开口外围的面设计为两个第一侧面和两个第二侧面,并在第一侧面和第二侧面上均设置多个散热凹部,便于壳体的周向散热更加均匀、有效。
在一些实施例中,在所述第一侧面上,所述第一区域中所述散热凹部的深度为所述第一侧面的壳体厚度的0.06~0.4。如此,在第一侧面上,合理控制第一区域中散热凹部的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,也保证第一侧面上结构强度,避免因电极组件膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
在一些实施例中,在所述第一侧面上,所述第二区域中所述散热凹部的深度为所述第一侧面的壳体厚度的0.06~0.3。如此,在第一侧面上,合理控制第二区域中散热凹部的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,同样保证第一侧面上结构强度,避免因电极组件膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
在一些实施例中,在所述第二侧面上,所述第一区域中所述散热凹部的深度为所述第二侧面的壳体厚度的0.1~0.4。如此,在第二侧面上,合理控制第 一区域中散热凹部的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,保证第二侧面上结构强度,避免因电极组件膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
在一些实施例中,在所述第二侧面上,所述第二区域中所述散热凹部的深度为所述第二侧面的壳体厚度的0.05~0.55。如此,在第二侧面上,合理控制第二区域中散热凹部的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,同样也保证第二侧面上结构强度,避免因电极组件膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
在一些实施例中,所述壳体背向所述开口的面包括底面,所述底面上间隔设有多个所述散热凹部。如此,在底面上开设散热凹部,有利于加快流体与电芯的热交换。
在一些实施例中,在所述底面上,所述散热凹部的深度为所述底面的壳体厚度的0.1~0.5。如此,合理控制底面上散热凹部的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,同样也保证底面上的结构强度,避免因电极组件膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
在一些实施例中,全部所述散热凹部均设于所述壳体背向所述容纳腔的外表面上。如此,将散热凹部开设于壳体的外表面上,不仅能提高散热效率,而且不会影响电极组件在膨胀时因大面受力不均而导致电极组件表面出现凹印等问题。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种电池单体,包括:以上任一项所述的电池壳;电极组件,收容于所述容纳腔内。
上述的电池单体,采用以上的电池壳,在设置有散热凹部处,减薄壳体的厚度,缩短容纳腔内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池寿命。
第三方面,本申请提供了一种电池,包括以上所述的电池单体。
上述的电池,采用以上的电池壳,在设置有散热凹部处,减薄壳体的厚度,缩短容纳腔内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池寿命。
第四方面,本申请提供了一种用电装置,包括以上所述的电池,所述电池用于提供电能。
上述的用电装置,采用以上的电池壳,在设置有散热凹部处,减薄壳体的厚度,缩短容纳腔内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池寿命。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中,用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图;
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图;
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图;
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池壳结构示意图;
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的第二侧面结构示意图;
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的底面结构示意图。
10000、车辆;1000、电池;2000、控制器;3000、马达;100、电池单 体;10、电池壳;11、壳体;111、容纳腔;112、开口;113、第一侧面;114、第二侧面;115、底面;12、散热凹部;13、第一区域;14、第二区域;15、导热结构;151、导热环槽;20、电极组件;21、极耳;30、端盖;31、极柱;40、转接件;S1、第一方向;S2、第二方向;200、箱体;210、第一部分;220、第二部分。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案,因此只作为示例,而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同;本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本申请;本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中,技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着,结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例,也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是,本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中,术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,本文中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中,术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个),同理,“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组),“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中,技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;也可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前,从市场形势的发展来看,动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统,而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具,以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大,其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请人注意到,随着电池单体的充放电循环中正极活性物质和负极活性物质嵌入或脱出离子,电池单体内部会产生大量热量。若电池单体内部的热量无法及时、有效排出,电池单体内局部会出现过热或析锂等现象,导致电池单体的使用寿命缩短。
为了有效排出电池单体内的热量,申请人研究发现,可以在电池单体内增加金属隔离槽,利用金属隔离槽提高散热。这种结构虽然能提高电池单体的散热效率,但会增加电池单体内部结构,使得整体变得复杂、繁重。同时,内部增加的金属隔离槽也存在变相增大电池单体的群裕度,影响电池单体的性能稳定。
基于以上考虑,为了解决在不需额外增加外部结构的前提下加快散热的问题,本申请人提供了一种电池壳。在所述壳体朝向和/或背向所述容纳腔的至少一面上设置散热凹部。其中,所述散热凹部沿所述壳体的厚度方向延伸但不贯穿所述壳体。
在壳体朝向和/或背向容纳腔的至少一面上开设散热凹部,使得该面上具有不通透的“天窗”结构。这样在设置有散热凹部处,能减薄壳体的厚度,缩短容纳腔内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池寿命。
同时,在壳体至少一面上开设有散热凹部,在实现有效散热的前提下,无需引入额外结构,不仅有利于减轻电池单体重量,而且不会变相影响电极组件的群裕度,保证电池单体的性能稳定。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统,这样,有利于加快内部热量散热,提升电池性能的稳定性和电池寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置,用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中,电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具,例如,游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等,航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
以下实施例为了方便说明,以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆10000为例进行说明。
请参照图1,图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆10000的结构示意图。车辆10000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车,新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆10000的内部设置有电池1000,电池1000可以设置在车辆10000的底部或头部或尾部。电池1000可以用于车辆10000的供电,例如,电池1000可以作为车辆10000的操作电源。车辆10000还可以包括控制器2000和马达3000,控制器2000用来控制电池1000为马达3000供电,例如,用于车辆10000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中,电池1000不仅可以作为车辆10000的操作电源,还可以作为车辆10000的驱动电源,代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆10000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2,图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池1000的爆炸图。电池1000包括箱体200和电池单体100,电池单体100容纳于箱体200内。其中,箱体200用于为电池单体100提供容纳空间,箱体200可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中,箱体200可以包括第一部分210和第二部分220,第一部分210与第二部分220相互盖合,第一部分210和第二部分220共同限定出用于容纳电池单体100的容纳空间。第二部分220可以为一端开口的空心结构,第一部 分210可以为板状结构,第一部分210盖合于第二部分220的开口侧,以使第一部分210与第二部分220共同限定出容纳空间;第一部分210和第二部分220也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构,第一部分210的开口侧盖合于第二部分220的开口侧。当然,第一部分210和第二部分220形成的箱体200可以是多种形状,比如,圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池1000中,电池单体100可以是多个,多个电池单体100之间可串联或并联或混联,混联是指多个电池单体100中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体100之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起,再将多个电池单体100构成的整体容纳于箱体200内;当然,电池1000也可以是多个电池单体100先串联或并联或混联组成电池1000模块形式,多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体,并容纳于箱体200内。电池1000还可以包括其他结构,例如,该电池1000还可以包括汇流部件,用于实现多个电池单体100之间的电连接。
其中,每个电池单体100可以为二次电池或一次电池;还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池,但不局限于此。电池单体100可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3,图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体100的分解结构示意图。电池单体100是指组成电池1000的最小单元。如图3,电池单体100包括有端盖30、壳体11、电极组件20以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖30是指盖合于壳体11的开口112处以将电池单体100的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地,端盖30的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适应以配合壳体11。端盖30可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成,这样,端盖30在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变,使电池单体100能够具备更高的结构强度,安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖30上可以设置有如电极端子等的 功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电极组件20电连接,以用于输出或输入电池单体100的电能。在一些实施例中,端盖30上还可以设置有用于在电池单体100的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖30的材质也可以是多种的,比如,铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等,本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中,在端盖30的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件,绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体11内的电连接部件与端盖30,以降低短路的风险。示例性的,绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体11是用于配合端盖30以形成电池单体100的内部环境的组件,其中,形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件20、电解液以及其他部件。壳体11和端盖30可以是独立的部件,可以于壳体11上设置开口112,通过在开口112处使端盖30盖合开口112以形成电池单体100的内部环境。不限地,也可以使端盖30和壳体11一体化,具体地,端盖30和壳体11可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面,当需要封装壳体11的内部时,再使端盖30盖合壳体11。壳体11可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的,例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地,壳体11的形状可以根据电极组件20的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体11的材质可以是多种,比如,铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等,本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件20是电池单体100中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体11内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件20。电极组件20主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成,并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件20的主体部,正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳21。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池1000的充放电过程中,正极活性物质和负极活性物 质与电解液发生反应,极耳21连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,本申请提供了一种电池壳10。电池壳10包括:壳体11和散热凹部12。壳体11内部设有容纳腔111。散热凹部12设于壳体11朝向和/或背向容纳腔111的至少一面上。其中,散热凹部12沿壳体11的厚度方向延伸但不贯穿壳体11。
散热凹部12是指在壳体11的一面上呈凹陷结构,比如:孔状或槽状等结构。在壳体11上开设散热凹部12,能减薄散热凹部12所处位置的壳体11厚度,缩短热量的行进路径。散热凹部12的形状可有多种设计,比如:圆形、椭圆形、三角形、四边形、五边形等,当然,也可设计成不规则形状。
散热凹部12可开设于壳体11的内表面(即朝向容纳腔111的一面),也可开设于壳体11的外表面(即背向容纳腔111的一面)。当散热凹部12开设于壳体11的外表面上时,不仅能提高散热效率,而且不会影响电极组件20在膨胀时因大面受力不均而导致电极组件20表面出现凹印等问题。
散热凹部12沿壳体11的厚度方向延伸,但不贯穿壳体11,即散热凹部12在壳体11上为不通透。比如:当散热凹部12设置在壳体11的外表面时,散热凹部12一端不与容纳腔111相通;当散热凹部12设置在壳体11的内表面时,散热凹部12一端则不与外界相通。
壳体11的形状也有多种设计,比如:壳体11可设计为圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。当壳体11设计成圆柱体状时,不管是壳体11的外表面,还是壳体11的内表面均具有两个面,一为圆形底表面;一为圆弧侧表面。当壳体11设计为多边形柱结构时,壳体11的外表面或内表面均具有多个面,此时,散热凹部12则可设置在其中一个面上,也可设置在所有的面上等。
在一些实施例中,壳体11可设计成可打开的封闭结构,即容纳腔111上 没有开口112。此时在电池单体100装配时,可不设置端盖30等结构;当然,壳体11也可设计成敞口结构,即容纳腔111上设置开口112,端盖30封盖在开口112上。
在壳体11朝向和/或背向容纳腔111的至少一面上开设散热凹部12,使得该面上具有不通透的“天窗”结构。这样缩短容纳腔111内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池1000寿命。同时,在实现有效散热的前提下,无需引入额外结构,不仅有利于减轻电池单体100重量,而且不会变相影响电极组件20的群裕度,保证电池单体100的性能稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,在壳体11的至少一面上。散热凹部12为多个,且全部散热凹部12间隔排布。
壳体11的至少一面上中的“面”可为壳体11内表面中的一个面;也可为壳体11外表面中的一面。为便于理解,以方形电池单体100为例,壳体11的至少一面可为外表面的五个面(包括底表面)中至少一个;或者为内表面的五个面中至少一个。
散热凹部12在壳体11上的间隔排布方式有多种设计,比如:多个散热凹部12呈矩阵方式间隔排列;或者,多个散热凹部12呈多层圆环结构排列等。
在壳体11的至少一面上间隔排列多个散热凹部12,使得该面呈蜂窝状结构,进一步加快热量散热效率,提升电池单体100的使用寿命和性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,壳体11沿第一方向S1的端部设有与容纳腔111连通的开口112。壳体11绕开口112周向的任一面上均具有第一区域13及分别位于第一区域13沿第一方向S1上两侧的第二区域14。第一区域13及两个第二区域14中均间隔设有多个散热凹部12。
壳体11绕开口112周向的任一面可理解为壳体11上的周向侧面,即壳体11上除了与开口112背向的一面外的面。壳体11绕开口112周向的面可为一个,比如:圆弧曲面等;也可为多个,比如:方形电池单体100中,壳体11绕开口112周向的面具有四个面。
两个第二区域14在第一方向S1上分别位于第一区域13的相对两侧上,即两个第二区域14中,一个更靠近开口112设置,另一个更靠近壳体11的底部。而第一区域13则更靠近壳体11的中部。
第一区域13与第二区域14之间界限可根据实际电池单体100结构而定,比如:第二区域14可定义为端盖30与电极组件20之间间隙在壳体11上的投影区域。同时,第一区域13与第二区域14之间可具有一定间距,当然,也可将第一区域13与第二区域14紧贴设置等。
沿第一方向S1在壳体11上划分区域,这样在设置散热凹部12时,可以很好根据电流分布及热量分布情况对散热凹部12的分布密度和形状大小进行了调整,以使得壳体11上的散热分布更加合理。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,各个第二区域14中散热凹部12的分布密度均大于第一区域13中散热凹部12的分布密度。
散热凹部12的分布密度是指单位面积中散热凹部12的分布数量,其与散热凹部12的尺寸和相邻两个散热凹部12之间的间距有关,比如:以圆形的散热凹部12为例,在第二区域14中,散热凹部12的直径记为A1,相邻两个散热凹部12之间的圆心距记为A2。此时,第二区域14中的分布密度应为:S1=π*(A1/2) 2/(A2) 2;在第一区域13中,散热凹部12的直径记为A3,相邻两个散热凹部12之间的圆心距记为A4。此时,第一区域13中的分布密度应为:S2=π*(A3/2) 2/(A4) 2。其中,第一区域13中散热凹部12的直径可大于第二区域 14中散热凹部12的直径。
由于壳体11顶部与极耳21相对,且极耳21作为焊接接触以及电流交汇的区域,其发热量较为严重,因此,壳体11顶部处的发热量会更大。同时,壳体11靠近底部的区域中,由于边缘效应的存在,往往会伴随析锂的发生。为此,将两个第二区域14中散热凹部12的分布密度增加,有利于加快壳体11顶部和底部上的散热。
第二区域14中散热凹部12的分布密度大于第一区域13中散热凹部12的分布密度,使得壳体11靠近顶部和底部上的散热效果更佳,以保证电池壳10的散热分布更加均匀。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,在壳体11绕开口112周向且与第二方向S2平行设置的至少一面上,靠近开口112的第二区域14中设有至少一个导热结构15,导热结构15所在位置用于与电极组件20的极耳21对应。其中,第二方向S2为开口112的长度方向并与第一方向S1相交。
导热结构15是指能够驱使极耳21所处位置上的热量有效传动出的结构,比如:导热结构15可为槽或孔状结构,也可为制冷结构,如半导体制冷片等部件。
第二方向S2是指开口112的长度方向,当然也可理解为端盖30的长度方向。而平行于第二方向S2的壳体11上的面即为与端盖30长度平行的一面,以方形电池单体100为例,平行于第二方向S2壳体11的面为电池壳10的大面等。具体到一些实施例中,第一方向S1与第二方向S2为垂直设置。
在与极耳21对应的位置上设置导热结构15,增加该位置处的散热效率,保证电池单体100的散热更加均匀。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,导热结构15包括至少两个导热 环槽151。全部导热环槽151沿导热结构15的径向依次间隔套设。
沿导热结构15的径向依次间隔套设应理解为:导热结构15包括至少两个导热环槽151,这些导热环槽151按照一个套一个方式进行排列。为便于理解,以三个导热环槽151为例,一个导热环槽151套在另一个导热环槽151外,最后一个导热环槽151则套在两个的导热环槽151外。
导热环槽151的形状可设计成圆环状,也可设计成多变形环状结构。
将导热结构15设计成多环状结构,便于加快极耳21处产生的热量,以缓解极耳21处发热温升大的问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,导热环槽151的深度沿导热结构15的径向向外逐渐减小。
导热结构15的径向向外应理解为:导热结构15为多环状结构,位于最内的导热环槽151指向最外的导热环槽151的方向为导热结构15的径向向外。而导热环槽151的深度沿导热结构15的径向向外逐渐减小是指从位于最内的导热环槽151至最外的导热环槽151,其深度值逐渐减小。
将导热环槽151的深度,由内圈至外圈逐渐减小,以便于导热结构15适应不同发热量的区域,使得散热更加均匀。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,导热结构15包括两个。两个导热结构15所在位置分别与电极组件20上两个极耳21一一对应。
两个导热结构15所在位置与两个极耳21一一对应是指一个导热结构15则对应将极耳21处所产生的热量直接有效传导出,即:一个导热结构15与正极极耳对应;另一个导热结构15与负极极耳对应。具体到一些实施例中,导热结构15的位置可为极耳21在壳体11上的投影区域。
将导热结构15与极耳21一一对应设置,使得两个极耳21处的发热均能 有效传导出,提高电池单体100的散热效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,壳体11绕开口112周向的面包括两个平行于第二方向S2的第一侧面113、以及连接于两个第一侧面113的两个第二侧面114。两个第一侧面113及两个第二侧面114上均间隔设有散热凹部12。
第一侧面113和第二侧面114均可为平面,也可为曲面。当第一侧面113和第二侧面114均为平面时,壳体11则呈现四边形结构。具体到一些实施例中,壳体11为方形结构。
第一侧面113和第二侧面114之间的连接方式可为但不限于焊接、粘接、一体成型方式。其中,一体成型为压铸、铸造、冲压等。
散热凹部12分别在第一侧面113和第二侧面114上的分布也具有三个区域,如:第一侧面113和第二侧面114上沿第一方向S1上均具有第一区域13和两个第二区域14。第一区域13和两个第二区域14中间隔排列多个散热凹部12。
将壳体11绕开口112外围的面设计为两个第一侧面113和两个第二侧面114,并在第一侧面113和第二侧面114上均设置多个散热凹部12,便于壳体11的周向散热更加均匀、有效。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,在第一侧面113上,第一区域13中散热凹部12的深度为第一侧面113的壳体11厚度的0.06~0.4。
第一区域13中散热凹部12的深度与第一侧面113的壳体11厚度之间的比值可为但不限于0.06、0.1、0.14、0.18、0.22、0.26、0.30、0.4等。
在第一侧面113上,合理控制第一区域13中散热凹部12的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,也保证第一侧面113上结构强度,避免因电极组件20膨 胀而导致整体结构易变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图4,在第一侧面113上,第二区域14中散热凹部12的深度为第一侧面113的壳体11厚度的0.06~0.3。
第二区域14中散热凹部12的深度与第一侧面113的壳体11厚度之间的比值可为但不限于0.06、0.1、0.14、0.18、0.22、0.26、0.30等。相比之下,第一区域13中散热凹部12的深度上限值可更深设计。
在第一侧面113上,合理控制第二区域14中散热凹部12的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,同样保证第一侧面113上结构强度,避免因电极组件20膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图5,在第二侧面114上,第一区域13中散热凹部12的深度为第二侧面114的壳体11厚度的0.1~0.4。
第一区域13中散热凹部12的深度与第二侧面114的壳体11厚度之间的比值可为但不限于0.1、0.14、0.18、0.22、0.26、0.30、0.34、0.38、0.40等。
在第二侧面114上,合理控制第一区域13中散热凹部12的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,保证第二侧面114上结构强度,避免因电极组件20膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图5,在第二侧面114上,第二区域14中散热凹部12的深度为第二侧面114的壳体11厚度的0.05~0.55。
第二区域14中散热凹部12的深度与第二侧面114的壳体11厚度之间的比值可为但不限于0.05、0.1、0.14、0.18、0.22、0.26、0.30、0.34、0.38、0.40、0.45、0.50、0.55等。
在第二侧面114上,合理控制第二区域14中散热凹部12的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,同样也保证第二侧面114上结构强度,避免因电极组件 20膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图6,壳体11背向开口112的面包括底面115。底面115上间隔设有多个散热凹部12。
散热凹部12在底面115上的间隔排布方式有多种设计,比如:多个散热凹部12呈矩阵方式间隔排列;或者,多个散热凹部12呈多层圆环结构排列等。
由于底面115通常会受到热辐射,因此,在底面115上开设散热凹部12,有利于加快流体与电芯的热交换。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图6,在底面115上,散热凹部12的深度为底面115的壳体11厚度的0.1~0.5。
底面115的壳体11厚度一般较厚,因此,将散热凹部12的深度控制为底面115的壳体11厚度的0.1~0.5。底面115上的散热凹部12的深度与底面115的壳体11厚度之间的比值可为但不限于0.1、0.14、0.18、0.22、0.26、0.30、0.34、0.38、0.40、0.45、0.50等。
合理控制底面115上散热凹部12的深度,在保证有效散热的前提下,同样也保证底面115上的结构强度,避免因电极组件20膨胀而导致整体结构易变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例,全部散热凹部12均设于壳体11背向容纳腔111的外表面上。
全部的散热凹部12均位于壳体11的外表面上,一来能提升电池单体100的外观效果;二来避免影响电池单体100内部的结构。
将散热凹部12开设于壳体11的外表面上,不仅能提高散热效率,而且不会影响电极组件20在膨胀时因大面受力不均而导致电极组件20表面出现凹印等问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图3,本申请提供了一种电池单体100,包括:电极组件20和以上任一方案中的电池壳10。电极组件20收容于容纳腔111内。
电池单体100还包括端盖30。端盖30盖设于壳体11的开口112上,为电极组件20提供封闭的环境。端盖30上设有极柱31,极柱31与电极组件20上的极耳21电连接。
上述电池单体100,采用以上的电池壳10,在设置有散热凹部12处,减薄壳体11的厚度,缩短容纳腔111内热量的传导路径,保证热量扩散行进路径较短,实现有效、快速散热,有利于提高电池1000寿命。
根据本申请的一些实施例,本申请提供了一种电池1000。电池1000包括以上的电池单体100。
根据本申请的一些实施例,本申请提供了一种用电装置。用电装置包括以上的电池1000,电池1000用于提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池1000的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例,请参照图3至图6,本申请提供了一种电池1000。电池1000由壳体11、端盖30、电极组件20组成,在壳体11的第一侧面113、第二侧面114、底面115均开有不通透的蜂窝煤状的散热凹部12。在第一侧面113上,第二区域14中(两端处),散热凹部12分布密度较大,直径为A1,相邻两圆圆心距为A2,则分布密度S1=π*(A1/2)2/A22。在极耳21处采用多圆环形状的导热结构15,以缓解极耳21处发热温升大问题,且从内圈到外圈深度依次减小;散热凹部12的深度为第一侧面113上壳体11厚度的0.06~0.3。第一区域13中(中部区域),散热凹部12分布密度较小,直径为A3,相邻两圆圆心距为A4,则分布密度S2=π*(A3/2)2/A42。散热凹部12的深度为第一 侧面113上壳体11厚度的0.06~0.4。
在第二侧面114上,第二区域14中,散热凹部12的深度为第二侧面114上壳体11厚度的0.05~0.55。第一区域13中,散热凹部12的深度为第二侧面114上壳体11厚度的0.1~0.4。在底面115上,散热凹部12的深度为第二侧面114上壳体11厚度的0.1~0.5。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围,其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是,只要不存在结构冲突,各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例,而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池壳(10),其特征在于,包括:
    壳体(11),内部设有容纳腔(111);
    散热凹部(12),设于所述壳体(11)朝向和/或背向所述容纳腔(111)的至少一面上;
    其中,所述散热凹部(12)沿所述壳体(11)的厚度方向延伸但不贯穿所述壳体(11),在所述壳体(11)的至少一面上,所述散热凹部(12)为多个,且全部所述散热凹部(12)间隔排布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,所述壳体(11)沿第一方向(S1)的端部设有与所述容纳腔(111)连通的开口(112),所述壳体(11)绕所述开口(112)周向的任一面上具有第一区域(13)及分别位于所述第一区域(13)沿所述第一方向(S1)上两侧的第二区域(14),所述第一区域(13)及两个所述第二区域(14)中均间隔设有多个所述散热凹部(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,各个所述第二区域(14)中所述散热凹部(12)的分布密度均大于所述第一区域(13)中所述散热凹部(12)的分布密度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,在所述壳体(11)绕所述开口(112)周向且与第二方向(S2)平行设置的至少一面上,靠近所述开口(112)的第二区域(14)中设有至少一个导热结构(15),所述导热结构(15)所在位置用于与电极组件(20)的极耳(21)对应;
    其中,所述第二方向(S2)为所述开口(112)的长度方向并与所述第一方向(S1)相交。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,所述导热结构(15)包括 至少两个导热环槽(151),全部所述导热环槽(151)沿所述导热结构(15)的径向依次间隔套设。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,所述导热环槽(151)的深度沿所述导热结构(15)的径向向外逐渐减小。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,所述导热结构(15)包括两个,两个所述导热结构(15)所在位置分别与所述电极组件(20)上两个极耳(21)一一对应。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,所述壳体(11)绕所述开口(112)周向的面包括两个平行于所述第二方向(S2)的第一侧面(113)、以及连接于两个所述第一侧面(113)的两个第二侧面(114),两个所述第一侧面(113)及两个所述第二侧面(114)上均间隔设有所述散热凹部(12)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,在所述第一侧面(113)上,所述第一区域(13)中所述散热凹部(12)的深度为所述第一侧面(113)的壳体(11)厚度的0.06~0.4。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,在所述第一侧面(113)上,所述第二区域(14)中所述散热凹部(12)的深度为所述第一侧面(113)的壳体(11)厚度的0.06~0.3。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10任一项所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,在所述第二侧面(114)上,所述第一区域(13)中所述散热凹部(12)的深度为所述第二侧面(114)的壳体(11)厚度的0.1~0.4。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,在所述第二侧面(114)上,所述第二区域(14)中所述散热凹部(12)的深度为所述第二侧面(114)的壳体(11)厚度的0.05~0.55。
  13. 根据权利要求2-12任一项所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,所述壳体(11)背向所述开口(112)的面包括底面(115),所述底面(115)上间隔设有多个所述散热凹部(12)。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,在所述底面(115)上,所述散热凹部(12)的深度为所述底面(115)的壳体(11)厚度的0.1~0.5。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池壳(10),其特征在于,全部所述散热凹部(12)均设于所述壳体(11)背向所述容纳腔(111)的外表面上。
  16. 一种电池单体(100),其特征在于,包括:
    如权利要求1-15任一项所述的电池壳(10);
    电极组件(20),收容于所述容纳腔(111)内。
  17. 一种电池,其特征在于,包括权利要求16所述的电池单体(100)。
  18. 一种用电装置,其特征在于,包括权利要求17所述的电池,所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/112815 2022-06-21 2022-08-16 电池壳、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023245841A1 (zh)

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CN215299348U (zh) * 2021-06-07 2021-12-24 江苏中兴派能电池有限公司 一种电池
CN215989012U (zh) * 2021-05-31 2022-03-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN216720196U (zh) * 2022-01-27 2022-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电装置

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