WO2023240665A1 - 一种宽频带太阳电池天线 - Google Patents

一种宽频带太阳电池天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023240665A1
WO2023240665A1 PCT/CN2022/100595 CN2022100595W WO2023240665A1 WO 2023240665 A1 WO2023240665 A1 WO 2023240665A1 CN 2022100595 W CN2022100595 W CN 2022100595W WO 2023240665 A1 WO2023240665 A1 WO 2023240665A1
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solar cell
antenna
layer
line
metal
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PCT/CN2022/100595
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈谦
乔子林
吕聚良
闫松林
陈见
黄志祥
杨利霞
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安徽大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/043—Mechanically stacked PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H01Q1/46—Electric supply lines or communication lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/22—RF wavebands combined with non-RF wavebands, e.g. infrared or optical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical fields of antennas and solar cells, and in particular to a broadband solar cell antenna.
  • the creator of the present invention finally obtained the present invention after a long period of research and practice.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of how to eliminate the adverse effects between the solar cell and the antenna and effectively expand the working bandwidth of the antenna when the solar cell and the antenna are integrated, and provides a wide-band solar cell antenna.
  • the present invention discloses a wide-band solar cell antenna, which consists of a first solar cell layer, a first dielectric support layer, an antenna layer, a second dielectric support layer and a second dielectric support layer from top to bottom.
  • the antenna layer includes an antenna element, a feeder line, Coupling lines, antenna substrates, feed lines
  • the first dielectric support layer includes a support foam dielectric plate
  • the antenna element is a metal copper-coated shovel-shaped structure
  • the shovel-shaped structure is an elliptical area and a rectangular area Overlapping, an elliptical gap non-metallic copper-clad area is provided in the center of the shovel-shaped structure, semi-circular non-metallic copper-clad areas are provided on both sides of the shovel-shaped structure, and the bottom of the elliptical area of the antenna element
  • Connect the feed line, the feed line and the antenna element are located on the upper surface of the antenna substrate, the feed line is a metal copper-clad layer, the coupling line is provided on the lower side of the feed line, the The feed line is located on the lower surface of the
  • the feed line includes a feed transmission line and an upper metal ground.
  • the feed transmission line has a multi-level transformation structure.
  • the upper metal ground is two symmetrical metal sheets.
  • the feed transmission line connects the At the bottom of the elliptical area of the antenna element, the feed transmission line is located between the two metal sheets of the upper metal ground.
  • the feed transmission line and the two metal sheets form a horn-shaped grounded coplanar waveguide feed structure. , the horn-shaped opening of the feed line faces the antenna element.
  • the feed transmission line has multiple steps with different line widths for impedance adjustment transformation.
  • the ground of the feed line is a rectangular metal sheet, and the ground of the feed line is provided with a rectangular non-copper-clad area on a side close to the antenna element.
  • the coupling line is U-shaped and includes a coupling end and an isolation end.
  • the coupling end is close to the input end of the coplanar waveguide feed line, and the isolation end is close to the antenna element.
  • the antenna layer is also provided with a plurality of metallized through holes, the metallized through holes are distributed on both sides of the feed line and the coupling line, and the metallized through holes penetrate the antenna. substrate.
  • the first solar cell layer includes a solar cell and a printed circuit board, the printed circuit board matches the solar cell, and the solar cell is disposed on the printed circuit board.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cells are respectively distributed on the backlight surface and the light-receiving surface of the solar cells, and the positive electrodes of the solar cells are in contact with the copper-clad part of the printed circuit board.
  • the negative electrode of the solar cell sheet is exposed, and a transmission line for transmitting power to the positive electrode of the solar cell sheet is arranged on the upper surface of the printed circuit board.
  • the solar cells include rectangular cells and an array-shaped cell composed of a plurality of rectangular grids periodically arranged, and the rectangular cells are connected to the array-shaped cells.
  • the first solar cell layer further includes a plurality of inductors and metal lines
  • the metal lines include printed metal lines and non-printed metal lines
  • the printed metal lines are directly printed on the printed On the circuit board, the non-printed metal lines are arranged on the edge of the printed circuit board.
  • inductors including a first inductor and a second inductor.
  • the array-shaped battery sheet and the rectangular battery sheet The positive electrodes are connected to the non-printed metal line through the second inductor, and the negative electrodes are connected to the printed metal line through the first inductor.
  • a shovel-shaped vibrator patch antenna is used, and an elliptical hole is hollowed out in the center of the shovel-shaped patch and semi-circular holes are hollowed out on both sides, which reduces the area occupied by the antenna.
  • the shovel-shaped antenna vibrator enables the antenna to have a wider operating bandwidth. , using a horn-shaped coplanar waveguide feed line, and setting up a multi-step impedance transformation section near the antenna element end, which further optimizes the matching state between the antenna element and the feed line, and reduces the return loss.
  • the array-shaped cells are composed of nine two-dimensional rectangular grid cells arranged to form a metasurface structure, which further expands the operating bandwidth of the antenna with appropriate unit spacing.
  • the wide-band solar cell antenna adopts a patch-type printed structure, has good integrated cascade properties, is suitable for cascade production of radio frequency circuits, and has high engineering application value.
  • Figure 1 is a structural perspective view of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the surface structure of the top and bottom solar panels of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the oscillator of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 4 is a bottom view of the feeder ground of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 5 is a graph of the standing wave ratio of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 6 is a comparison chart of the S11, S21 and S31 curves of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 7 is the E-plane and H-plane pattern of the broadband solar cell antenna at 2.2GHz;
  • Figure 8 is the E-plane and H-plane pattern of the broadband solar cell antenna at 2.8GHz;
  • Figure 9 is the E-plane and H-plane pattern of the broadband solar cell antenna at 3.4GHz
  • Figure 1 is a structural perspective view of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 2 is the top and bottom layers of the broadband solar cell antenna.
  • a top view of the surface structure of the solar panel
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the oscillator of the wide-band solar cell antenna
  • Figure 4 is a bottom view of the feeder line of the wide-band solar cell antenna.
  • the broadband solar cell antenna in this embodiment includes a first solar cell layer 1, a first dielectric support layer 2, an antenna layer 3, a second dielectric support layer 4, and a second solar cell layer 5 arranged in sequence.
  • the first solar cell layer 1 and the second solar cell layer 5 have the same structure.
  • the first dielectric support layer 2 and the second dielectric support layer 4 have the same structure.
  • the antenna layer 3 includes an antenna element 31, a feeder 32, Coupling line 33, antenna substrate 34 and feed line ground 35.
  • the antenna element 31 is arranged in the shape of a metal copper-clad shovel, including an overlapping structure of a rectangular area and an elliptical area.
  • the rectangular area is 20 mm long and 10 mm wide, and the short axis of the elliptical area is 14.11 mm long. , the long axis is 29.52mm, and the center of the shovel-shaped structure is hollowed out to be an elliptical void non-metallic copper-clad area.
  • the hollowed-out ellipse has a long axis of 6mm and a short axis of 4.3mm.
  • the feed line 32 includes a feed transmission line 321 and an upper metal ground 322.
  • the feed transmission line 321 is a multi-level transformation structure for impedance adjustment and transformation.
  • the upper metal ground 322 is two symmetrical metal sheets.
  • the electrical transmission line 321 is connected to the bottom of the elliptical area of the antenna element 31, and the feed transmission line is located between two metal lines.
  • the upper metal ground 322 is a combination of a symmetrical 1/4 ellipse and a rectangular metal sheet, in which the long axis of the ellipse is 130mm and the short axis is 77.7mm.
  • the rectangular metal sheet is composed of multiple metal sheets with different widths, with a total length of 72.67mm and a width of 72.67mm.
  • the feed line ground 35 is a rectangular metal piece with a rectangular notch.
  • the rectangular notch is 5.75mm wide and 4.29mm long.
  • the length of the film is 140.97mm and the width is 80mm.
  • the feed line ground 35 is printed on the lower surface of the antenna substrate 34.
  • the antenna substrate 34 is 1.5 mm thick in order to achieve good impedance matching and reduce return loss.
  • the line gap of the coupling line 33 shown in Figure 3 is 0.4mm, the line width of the coupling line 33 is 1.5mm, and the distance from the upper metal ground 322 and the feeder ground 35 is 0.26mm.
  • the feed transmission line 321 has a multi-level transformation structure, and its width from right to left is 1.25mm, 1.5mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 2.5mm.
  • the size of the gap between it and the rectangular part of the upper metal ground 322 changes with the line width. From right to left, they are 0.25mm, 0.2mm, 0.35mm, 0.35mm, 0.35mm, and 0.35mm.
  • the lower side of the feed line 32 is connected to the coupling line 33.
  • the end close to the input end of the feed line 32 is the coupling end 331
  • the end close to the antenna oscillator 31 is the isolation end 332.
  • the coupling terminal 331 can be used to test the output of the circuit
  • the isolation terminal 332 can be used to test the characteristic parameters of the antenna.
  • the line gap of the coupling line 33 shown in Figure 3 is 0.4mm, the line width of the coupling line 33 is 1.5mm, and the distance from the upper metal ground 322 and the feeder ground is 0.26mm.
  • the metallized through hole 36 has an inner radius of 0.41mm, is hollow inside, and has an outer radius of 1.02mm. Hollow copper pillars are generally used in PCB technology.
  • the metallized through hole 36 penetrates the antenna substrate 34 and connects the upper metal ground 322 and
  • the feed line ground 35 is distributed on both sides of the feed line 32 and the coupling line 33 and is arranged irregularly to reduce the interference of external signals on the transmission signal during the radio frequency transmission process and the impact of the microstrip line on the antenna performance.
  • the upper surface of the printed circuit board 17 is printed with a metal copper pattern that is the same size and arrangement as the solar cells.
  • the metal copper pattern on the printed circuit board 17 is equivalent to the projection of the solar cells. These metal The pattern facilitates the positioning of the solar cells and also facilitates the connection of the back electrodes.
  • the printed circuit board 17 matches the solar cell sheet.
  • the solar cell sheet is arranged on the printed circuit board 17.
  • the positive electrode of the solar cell sheet is in contact with the copper-clad part of the printed circuit board 17.
  • the solar cell The negative electrode of the chip is exposed.
  • the printed circuit board is 0.5mm thick and uses FR4 dielectric material.
  • the supporting foam dielectric board 21 plays a supporting role, is 3.5 mm thick, and is made of foam material with low dielectric constant (close to air).
  • the solar cell includes a rectangular cell and a plurality of array-shaped cells arranged in a two-dimensional rectangular grid.
  • the rectangular cell is 123.67mm long and 80mm wide.
  • the first solar cell layer 1 also includes a number of inductors and metal wires. 14 inductors are provided at the junction of the small cells inside the array cell 12. The rectangular cell 11 and the array cell are There is an inductor at the connection of chip 12, with a total of 15 inductors.
  • the inductors are divided into two types, namely 0402 (length 1mm, width 0.5mm), 0603 (length 1.65mm, width 0.8mm), and the second inductor 13
  • the model is 0402
  • the model of the first inductor 14 is 0603
  • the second inductor 13 is directly welded on the copper-clad part of the printed circuit board
  • the first inductor 14 is welded on the electrode of the array-shaped battery sheet 12
  • Figure 2 The model of the larger inductor at the junction of the small cells in the middle array cell 12 is 0603
  • the model of the smaller inductor is 0402. Both inductances are 47nH.
  • the lateral gap of the array cell 12 is 0.35mm
  • the longitudinal gap is 0.35mm. 0.5mm.
  • the use of array-shaped battery cells 12 improves the performance of the antenna and expands the frequency band.
  • the negative electrodes of the array-shaped battery sheet and the rectangular battery sheet are connected through printed metal wires 15 and a first inductor 14.
  • the inductor connection can reduce the impact on the battery sheet. Influence of antenna radiation performance, the positive electrode of the array-shaped battery sheet 12 and the positive electrode of the rectangular battery sheet 11 are connected through three external non-printed metal wires 16, and the negative electrodes of each small battery sheet of the array-shaped battery sheet 12 are connected through the first inductor 14 connection, the positive electrodes are connected through the second inductor 13.
  • Figure 5 is the voltage standing wave ratio diagram of the broadband solar cell antenna
  • Figure 6 is the two ports of the coupling line 33 and the input of the feeder line 32 Comparison of S parameters between ports, where the input end is port 1, the isolation end is port 2, and the coupling end is port 3
  • Figure 7 shows the E(xoz) plane and H(yoz) of the wide-band solar cell antenna at 2.2GHz Surface pattern
  • Figure 8 is the E-surface and H-surface pattern of the broadband solar cell antenna at 2.8GHz
  • Figure 9 is the E-surface and H-surface pattern of the broadband solar cell antenna at 3.4GHz.
  • the standing wave ratio of this wide-band solar cell antenna reaches 2.09-4.08GHz in the frequency band below 2, with a relative bandwidth of 64.5% and a wide frequency band.
  • the E-plane pattern shows an " ⁇ " shape at lower frequency points within the frequency band, and omnidirectional at higher frequency points; the H-plane is omnidirectional.
  • the present invention better balances the performance of the antenna and the solar cell.
  • the solar panel cutting array is placed above and below the antenna so that the solar panel is completely exposed to the sun without being blocked. It simultaneously performs photoelectric conversion in the forward and reverse directions, forming a super Surface structure, extending the frequency band range.
  • the "U-shaped" coupling line can test the output signal of the circuit when the antenna is cascaded with the circuit board, or the input signal can be used to test the performance of the antenna.

Abstract

本申请公开一种宽频带太阳电池天线，该天线由上而下依次为第一太阳能电池片层、第一介质支撑层、天线层、第二介质支撑层、第二太阳能电池片层；所述第一太阳能电池片层和第二太阳能电池片层结构相同，所述第一介质支撑层和第二介质支撑层结构相同；天线振子为金属覆铜的铲子状结构，采用喇叭状的带地共面波导馈电线，阵列状电池片构成了超表面结构，本申请的太阳电池天线具有宽频带、小型化、低剖面的特点，天线层夹在两面太阳电池片中间，上下面都有太阳电池可应对不同光照角度的采光。此太阳电池天线不仅具有良好的天线辐射性能，而且可收集太阳光，同时具备天线和太阳电池的功能。

Description

一种宽频带太阳电池天线 技术领域
本发明涉及天线及太阳电池技术领域，具体涉及一种宽频带太阳电池天线。
背景技术
在能源危机驱动下，太阳能作为清洁能源越发受到重视，与太阳电池相关产品不断涌现，将太阳电池与天线一体化集成，太阳电池发电电能供天线系统使用，给传统天线系统供电方式提供了新思路，特别适合空间，偏远不通电地区的应用场景。太阳电池和天线共口径集成到一起，需要消除太阳电池和天线彼此之间的不良影响。目前虽然有报道太阳电池天线，但其工作带宽较窄。
鉴于上述缺陷，本发明创作者经过长时间的研究和实践终于获得了本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决如何在太阳电池与天线一体化集成时，消除太阳电池和天线彼此之间的不良影响，并有效拓展天线的工作带宽的问题，提供了一种宽频带太阳电池天线。
为了实现上述目的，本发明公开了一种宽频带太阳电池天线，所述天线由上而下依次为第一太阳能电池片层、第一介质支撑层、天线层、第二介质支撑层和第二太阳能电池片层；所述第一太阳能电池片层和第二太阳能电池片层结构相同，所述第一介质支撑层和第二介质支撑层结构相同；所述天线层包括天线振子、馈电线、耦合线、天线基板、馈电线地，所述第一介质支撑层包括支撑泡沫介质板；其中：所述天线振子为金属覆铜的铲子状结构，所述铲子状结构为椭圆形区域和长方形区域交叠而成，所述铲子状结构的中央设置有椭圆空隙非金属覆铜区，所述铲子状结构两侧设置有半圆形非金属覆铜区，所述天线振子的椭圆形区域的底部连接所述馈电线，所述馈电线和所述天线振子位于所述天线基板上表面，所述馈电线为金属覆铜层，所述耦合线设置在所述馈电线的下部一侧，所述馈电线地位于所述天线基板的下表面，所述第一层支撑泡沫介质板、第二层支撑泡沫介质板分别位于所述天线层的上方和下方。
较佳的，所述馈电线包括馈电传输线和上部金属地，所述馈电传输线为多级变换结构，所述上部金属地为左右对称的两块金属片，所述馈电传输线连接所述天线振子的椭圆区域的底部，所述馈电传输线位于所述上部金属地的两块金属片之间，所述馈电传输线和两块金属片形成了喇叭状的带地共面波导馈电结构，所述馈电线的喇叭状开口朝向所述天线振子。
较佳的，所述馈电传输线具有用于阻抗调节变换的多级不同线宽的台阶。
较佳的，所述馈电线地为长方形金属片，所述馈电线地在靠近天线振子一侧设置有长方形非覆铜区。
较佳的，所述耦合线为U形，包括耦合端和隔离端，所述耦合端靠近共面波导馈电线的输入端，所述隔离端靠近所述天线振子。
较佳的，所述天线层上还设置有多个金属化通孔，所述金属化通孔分布在所述馈电线和所述耦合线的两侧，所述金属化通孔贯穿所述天线基板。
较佳的，所述第一太阳能电池片层包括太阳能电池片和印制电路板，所述印制电路板和所述太阳能电池片相匹配，所述太阳能电池片设置在所述印制电路板上，所述太阳能电池片的正负极分别分布在所述太阳能电池片的背光面和受光面上，所述太阳能电池片的正极与所述印制电路板的覆铜部分接触，所述太阳能电池片的负极裸露在外，所述印制电路板的上表面布置有用于所述太阳能电池片的正极输电的输电线。
较佳的，所述太阳能电池片包括矩形电池片和由多个矩形栅格周期排列而成的阵列状电池片，所述矩形电池片连接所述阵列状电池片。
较佳的，所述第一太阳能电池片层还包括若干电感和金属线，所述金属线包括印制金属线和非印制金属线，所述印制金属线直接印制在所述印制电路板上，所述非印制金属线设置在所述印制电路板的边缘，所述电感有两种，包括第一电感和第二电感，所述阵列状电池片与所述矩形电池片的正极之间通过所述第二电感和所述非印制金属线连接，负极之间通过第一电感和所述印制金属线连接。
现有技术比较本发明的有益效果在于：
1.采用铲子状振子贴片天线，并在铲子状贴片中心挖空处椭圆孔和两侧挖空出半圆孔，减小了天线占有面积，铲子状天线振子使天线具备较宽的工作带宽，采用喇叭状共面波导馈电线，并在靠近天线振子端设置多级台阶变化的阻抗变换段，进一步优化了天线振子与馈电线的匹配状态，减小了回波损耗。
2.阵列状电池片由9个二维矩形栅格电池片排列而成，构成了超表面结构，在合适的单元间距布阵下，进一步拓展了天线的工作带宽。
3.所述宽频带太阳电池天线，采用贴片型印制结构，具有很好的一体化级联性，适合射频电路的级联生产，具备较高的工程应用价值。
附图说明
图1为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的结构立体图；
图2为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的顶层及底层太阳电池板表面结构俯视图；
图3为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的振子俯视图；
图4为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的馈电线地的仰视图；
图5为所述宽频带太阳电池天线驻波比曲线图；
图6为所述宽频带太阳电池天线S11，S21，S31曲线的对比图；
图7为所述宽频带太阳电池天线在2.2GHz的E面和H面方向图；
图8为所述宽频带太阳电池天线在2.8GHz的E面和H面方向图；
图9为所述宽频带太阳电池天线在3.4GHz的E面和H面方向图；
图中数字表示：
1-第一太阳能电池片层、11-矩形电池片、12-阵列状电池片、13-第二电感、14-第一电感、15-印制金属线、16-非印制金属线、17印制电路板、2-第一介质支撑层、21-支撑泡沫介质板、3-天线层、31-天线振子、32-馈电线、321-馈电传输线、322-上部金属地、33-耦合线、331-耦合端、332-隔离端、34-天线基板、35-馈电线地、36-金属化通孔、4-第二介质支撑层、5-第二太阳能电池片层
具体实施方式
以下结合附图，对本发明上述的和另外的技术特征和优点作更详细的说明。
在本实施例中，如图1、图2、图3、图4所示，图1为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的结构立体视图；图2为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的顶层及底层太阳能板表面结构俯视图；图3为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的振子的俯视图；图4为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的馈电线地的仰视图。
本实施例所述宽频带太阳电池天线包括依次设置的第一太阳能电池片层1、第一介质支撑层2、天线层3、第二介质支撑层4、第二太阳能电池片层5，所述第一太阳能电池片层1和第二太阳能电池片层5结构相同，所述第一介质支撑层2和第二介质支撑层4结构相同，所述天线层3包括天线振子31、馈电线32、耦合线33、天线基板34和馈电线地35。
如图3所示，所述天线振子31设置为金属覆铜的铲子状，包括一个矩形区域与一个椭圆区域的交叠结构，其中矩形区域长20mm、宽10mm，椭圆区域的短轴长14.11mm，长轴长29.52mm，铲子状结构的中央挖空为椭圆空隙非金属覆铜区，其中挖空的椭圆长轴6mm、短轴4.3mm，铲子状结构两边对称设置有挖空的半圆，半圆半径为3mm。
如图3所示，馈电线32包括馈电传输线321和上部金属地322，馈电传输线321为多级 变换结构，用于阻抗调节变换，上部金属地322为左右对称的两块金属片，馈电传输线321连接天线振子31的椭圆区域的底部，馈电传输线位于两块金属线之间。上部金属地322为左右对称的1/4椭圆与长方形金属片的结合，其中椭圆长轴为130mm，短轴为77.7mm，长方形金属片由多个宽度不同的金属片组成，总长72.67mm，宽度根据馈电传输线321与上部金属地322的缝隙不同而改变，印制在天线基板34的上表面，馈电线地35为长方形缺口的长方形金属片，长方形缺口宽长5.75mm、4.29mm，长方形金属片长140.97mm、宽80mm。馈电线地35印制在天线基板34的下表面，天线基板34厚1.5mm，目的以达到良好的阻抗匹配，减小回波损耗。图3所示耦合线33的线隙为0.4mm，耦合线33的线宽为1.5mm，与上部金属地322、馈电线地35的距离为0.26mm。馈电传输线321为多级变换结构，从右至左的宽度依次为1.25mm、1.5mm、1.4mm、1.6mm、2.5mm，其与上部金属地322的矩形部分的缝隙大小随线宽变化从右向左依次为0.25mm、0.2mm、0.35mm、0.35mm、0.35mm、0.35mm。
馈电线32的下部一侧连接耦合线33，如图3所示，靠近馈电线32的输入端的一端是耦合端331，靠近天线振子31的一端是隔离端332，当天线振子31与电路集成后，耦合端331可以用来测试电路的输出情况，隔离端332可以测试天线的特性参数。
图3所示耦合线33的线隙为0.4mm，耦合线33的线宽为1.5mm，与上部金属地322、馈电线地的距离为0.26mm。
所述金属化通孔36，内部半径为0.41mm，内部呈中空状，外部半径为1.02mm，PCB工艺上一般采用空心铜柱，金属化通孔36贯穿天线基板34，连接上部金属地322和馈电线地35，分布在馈电线32和耦合线33的两侧，不规则排列，目的是为了减小射频传输过程中外部信号对传输信号的干扰及微带线对天线性能的影响。
图2所示，印制电路板17上表面印制有与太阳电池片大小和排列一样的金属覆铜图案，印制电路板17上的金属覆铜图案相当于是太阳电池片的投影，这些金属图案可方便太阳电池片的定位，同时也便于背面电极的连通。所述印制电路板17和所述太阳能电池片相匹配，所述太阳能电池片设置在所述印制电路板17上，太阳能电池片的正极与印制电路板17覆铜部分接触，太阳能电池片的负极裸露在外。
印制电路板17厚0.5mm，采用FR4介质材料。支撑泡沫介质板21起到支撑作用，厚3.5mm，采用低介电常数(接近空气)的泡沫材料。
如图2所示，所述太阳能电池片包括一个矩形电池片和多个二维矩形栅格排列的阵列状电池片，矩形电池片长123.67mm、宽80mm，阵列状电池片内部小矩形电池片长14.2mm、宽14mm。
如图2所示，所述第一太阳能电池片层1还包括若干电感和金属线，阵列状电池片12内 部的小电池片的交界处设置有14个电感，矩形电池片11与阵列状电池片12的连接处设置有1个电感，总共15个电感，电感分为两种型号，分别为0402(长1mm，宽0.5mm)、0603(长1.65mm，宽0.8mm)，第二电感13的型号为0402，第一电感14的型号为0603，第二电感13直接焊接在所述印制电路板的覆铜部分上，第一电感14焊接在阵列状电池片12的电极上，图2中阵列状电池片12中的小电池片交界处的较大电感的型号为0603，较小电感的型号为0402，电感均为47nH，阵列状电池片12的横向间隙为0.35mm，纵向间隙为0.5mm。采用阵列状电池片12提高了天线的性能，拓展了频带。
由图2所示，阵列状电池片与矩形电池片的负极之间通过印制金属线15和一个第一电感14连接，其中，电感连接相比于直接通过金属线连接，可减小其对天线辐射性能的影响，阵列状电池片12的正极与矩形电池片11的正极通过外部的三根非印制金属线16连接，阵列状电池片12的各个小电池片负极之间通过第一电感14连接，正极之间通过第二电感13连接。
如图5、图6、图7、图8、图9所示，图5为所述宽频带太阳电池天线的电压驻波比图；图6为所述耦合线33两端口与馈电线32输入端口间的S参数对比，其中输入端为端口1，隔离端为端口2，耦合端为端口3；图7为所述宽频带太阳电池天线在2.2GHz的E(xoz)面和H(yoz)面方向图；图8为所述宽频带太阳电池天线在2.8GHz的E面和H面方向图；图9为所述宽频带太阳电池天线在3.4GHz的E面和H面方向图。从以上图所展示的数据上来看该宽频带太阳电池天线的驻波比在2以下的频带范围达到2.09-4.08GHz，相对带宽64.5％，频带较宽。E面方向图在频带范围内较低频率点呈现“∞”型，较高频率点呈现全向性；H面为全方向。
本发明较好的兼顾了天线与太阳能电池的性能，采用太阳能电池板切割阵列置于天线上下的方式使得太阳能板完全暴露在阳光下，不受遮挡，正反同时进行光电转换的同时，形成超表面结构，扩展了频带范围。同时“U形”耦合线可在天线与电路板进行级联时对电路的输出信号进行测试，或是输入信号对天线进行性能测试。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，对本发明而言仅仅是说明性的，而非限制性的。本专业技术人员理解，在本发明权利要求所限定的精神和范围内可对其进行许多改变，修改，甚至等效，但都将落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述天线由上而下依次为第一太阳能电池片层、第一介质支撑层、天线层、第二介质支撑层和第二太阳能电池片层；所述第一太阳能电池片层和第二太阳能电池片层结构相同，所述第一介质支撑层和第二介质支撑层结构相同；所述天线层包括天线振子、馈电线、耦合线、天线基板和馈电线地，所述第一介质支撑层包括支撑泡沫介质板；其中：所述天线振子为金属覆铜的铲子状结构，所述铲子状结构为椭圆形区域和长方形区域交叠而成，所述铲子状结构的中央设置有椭圆空隙非金属覆铜区，所述铲子状结构两侧设置有半圆形非金属覆铜区，所述天线振子的椭圆形区域的底部连接所述馈电线，所述馈电线和所述天线振子位于所述天线基板上表面，所述馈电线为金属覆铜层，所述耦合线设置在所述馈电线的下部一侧，所述馈电线地位于所述天线基板的下表面，所述第一层支撑泡沫介质板、第二层支撑泡沫介质板分别位于所述天线层的上方和下方。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述馈电线包括馈电传输线和上部金属地，所述馈电传输线为多级变换结构，所述上部金属地为左右对称的两块金属片，所述馈电传输线连接所述天线振子的椭圆区域的底部，所述馈电传输线位于所述上部金属地的两块金属片之间，所述馈电传输线和两块金属片形成了喇叭状的带地共面波导馈电结构，所述馈电线的喇叭状开口朝向所述天线振子。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述馈电传输线在靠近天线振子端具有用于阻抗调节变换的多级不同线宽的台阶。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述馈电线地为长方形金属片，所述馈电线地在靠近天线振子一侧设置有长方形非覆铜区。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述耦合线为U形，包括耦合端和隔离端，所述耦合端靠近共面波导馈电线的输入端，所述隔离端靠近所述天线振子。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述天线层上还设置有多个金属化通孔，所述金属化通孔分布在所述馈电线和所述耦合线的两侧，所述金属化通孔贯穿所述天线基板。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述第一太阳能电池片层包括太阳能电池片和印制电路板，所述印制电路板和所述太阳能电池片相匹配，所述太阳能电池片设置在所述印制电路板上，所述太阳能电池片的正负极分别分布在所述太阳能电池片的背光面和受光面上，所述太阳能电池片的正极与所述印制电路板的覆铜部分接触，所述太阳能电池片的负极裸露在外，所述印制电路板的上表面布置有用于所述太阳能电池片的正极输电的输电线。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述太阳能电池片包括矩形 电池片和由多个矩形栅格周期排列而成的阵列状电池片，所述矩形电池片连接所述阵列状电池片。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的宽频带太阳电池天线，其特征在于：所述第一太阳能电池片层还包括若干电感和金属线，所述金属线包括印制金属线和非印制金属线，所述印制金属线直接印制在所述印制电路板上，所述非印制金属线设置在所述印制电路板的边缘，所述电感有两种，包括第一电感和第二电感，所述阵列状电池片与所述矩形电池片的正极之间通过所述第二电感和所述非印制金属线连接，负极之间通过第一电感和所述印制金属线连接。
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