WO2023231950A9 - 一种电池防护底板、电池包复合防护结构及车辆 - Google Patents

一种电池防护底板、电池包复合防护结构及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023231950A9
WO2023231950A9 PCT/CN2023/096769 CN2023096769W WO2023231950A9 WO 2023231950 A9 WO2023231950 A9 WO 2023231950A9 CN 2023096769 W CN2023096769 W CN 2023096769W WO 2023231950 A9 WO2023231950 A9 WO 2023231950A9
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reinforced resin
fiber reinforced
fiber
frame
resin layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/096769
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2023231950A1 (zh
Inventor
万龙
鲁志佩
彭青波
谭志佳
李建强
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
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Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023231950A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231950A1/zh
Publication of WO2023231950A9 publication Critical patent/WO2023231950A9/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/236—Hardness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of battery technology, and specifically relates to a battery protective base plate, a battery pack composite protective structure and a vehicle.
  • the battery pack of new energy electric vehicles is usually installed at the bottom of the vehicle. Faced with more complex working conditions, it is easy to be impacted by external hard objects such as stones during driving. It is usually necessary to set certain protective measures at the bottom of the battery pack to avoid the impact of the battery pack, resulting in surface damage and electrolyte leakage.
  • the existing battery pack bottom protection scheme mainly protects the bottom of the battery pack by setting a steel plate. In order to prevent the steel plate from being corroded by factors such as water vapor, an electrophoresis process is used for anti-corrosion treatment.
  • the existing battery pack bottom protection structure has the following problems:
  • the present application provides a battery protection bottom plate, a battery pack composite protection structure and a vehicle.
  • the present application provides a battery protection base plate, comprising an upper fiber reinforced resin layer, a metal plate, a fiber reinforced resin frame and a lower fiber reinforced resin layer, the metal plate and the fiber reinforced resin frame are located between the upper fiber reinforced resin layer and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer, the metal plate is located inside the fiber reinforced resin frame, the top surface of the fiber reinforced resin frame is integrally connected to the upper fiber reinforced resin layer, and the bottom surface of the fiber reinforced resin frame is integrally connected to the lower fiber reinforced resin layer.
  • the fiber reinforced resin frame is a frame structure formed by connecting multiple frame panels end to end, and the fiber reinforced resin frame and the metal plate satisfy the following conditions: 0.01 ⁇ W/L ⁇ 0.07, where W is the width of the frame panel, in mm; L is the length of the metal plate, in mm.
  • the width W of the frame plate is 30-200 mm, and the length of the metal plate is 1200-2200 mm.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer, the metal plate and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer are all square sheet structures; and the fiber reinforced resin frame is a sheet-like square frame structure.
  • the widths of the plurality of border plates are equal; or the width of the border plate extending along the width direction of the fiber reinforced resin frame is greater than 1.2 times the width of the border plate extending along the length direction of the fiber reinforced resin frame.
  • the thickness of the metal plate is 0.7-1.6 mm, and the difference in thickness between the fiber reinforced resin frame and the metal plate is less than 0.1 mm.
  • a plurality of mounting holes are spaced apart on the inner side of the edge of the battery protection bottom plate, and the mounting holes sequentially pass through the upper fiber reinforced resin layer, the fiber reinforced resin frame and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer, the fiber reinforced resin frame and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer are each independently selected from glass fiber reinforced polyamide resin, glass fiber reinforced polypropylene resin, glass fiber reinforced polyethylene resin, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate resin or glass fiber reinforced polystyrene resin.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer includes multiple layers of first fiber reinforced prepreg stacked on each other; the fiber reinforced resin frame includes multiple layers of second fiber reinforced prepreg stacked on each other; and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer includes multiple layers of third fiber reinforced prepreg stacked on each other.
  • the metal plate is a steel plate, and the outer surface of the steel plate is provided with a galvanized layer, a galvanized iron alloy Gold layer or electrophoretic paint protective layer.
  • the present application provides a battery pack composite protection structure, including a battery pack and the battery protection bottom plate as described above, wherein the battery protection bottom plate is arranged below the battery pack, and a buffer zone is formed between the battery pack and the battery protection bottom plate.
  • the buffer zone is filled with a buffer layer, and the buffer layer is selected from a honeycomb material or a hard foam material.
  • the present application provides a vehicle, including the battery protection floor or battery pack protection structure as described above.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer are compounded on the front and back surfaces of the metal plate.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer can improve the anti-corrosion performance of the metal plate.
  • the lower fiber reinforced resin layer can resist the impact of stones and the like on the bottom of the battery protection base plate, thereby avoiding corrosion problems at the impact site.
  • the stiffness and strength of the metal plate are effectively improved, and the metal plate has higher impact resistance.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer have the characteristic of uniform thickness, thereby ensuring the consistency of strength and stiffness at different positions. No additional stamping process is required for the metal plate, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.
  • the present application provides a fiber reinforced resin frame on the periphery of the metal plate as a transition piece for connecting the frame position of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer, which can effectively offset the influence of the thickness of the metal plate on the frame connection of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer, ensure the frame position strength of the battery protection base plate, and thus facilitate to use the frame position of the battery protection base plate as its installation structure on the battery, thereby improving its impact resistance.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery protection base plate provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between a metal plate and a fiber-reinforced resin frame provided in one embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of different first fiber-reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes in the upper fiber-reinforced resin layer provided in one embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of different first fiber woven cloth reinforced prepregs in the upper fiber reinforced resin layer provided in one embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite protection structure for a battery pack provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of point A in FIG5 ;
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a bottom cross-section of a battery pack composite protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic bottom cross-sectional view of a battery pack composite protection structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a bottom cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery pack composite protection structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 10. Battery composite protection structure;
  • Battery protection bottom plate 11. Upper fiber reinforced resin layer; 110. First fiber reinforced prepreg; 111. First fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tape; 112. First fiber woven cloth reinforced prepreg; 12. Metal plate; 13. Fiber reinforced resin frame; 131. Frame plate; 14. Lower fiber reinforced resin layer; 15. Mounting hole; 2. Buffer layer; 3. Battery pack; 31. Tray; 4. Buffer zone.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery protection base plate 1, including an upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11, a metal plate 12, a fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and a lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14, the metal plate 12 and the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 are located between the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14, the metal plate 12 is located inside the fiber reinforced resin frame 13, the top surface of the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 is integrally connected to the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11, and the bottom surface of the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 is integrally connected to the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 are compounded on the front and back surfaces of the metal plate 12.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 can improve the corrosion resistance of the metal plate 12.
  • the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 can resist the impact of stones and the like on the bottom of the battery protection bottom plate 1, thereby avoiding corrosion problems at the impact site.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 after being compounded with the metal plate 12, the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 effectively improve the stiffness and strength of the metal plate 12, thereby having higher impact resistance.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 have the characteristics of uniform thickness, thereby ensuring the consistency of strength and stiffness at different positions. No additional stamping process is required for the metal plate 12, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.
  • the present application provides a fiber reinforced resin frame 13 on the periphery of the metal plate 12 as a transition piece for connecting the frame position of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14, which can effectively offset the influence of the thickness of the metal plate 12 on the frame connection of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14, ensure the frame position strength of the battery protection base plate 1, and thus facilitate the frame position of the battery protection base plate 1 as its installation structure on the battery pack 3, thereby improving its impact resistance.
  • the fiber-reinforced resin frame 13 is a frame structure formed by connecting a plurality of frame plates 131 end to end, and the fiber-reinforced resin frame 13 and the metal plate 12 meet the following conditions: 0.01 ⁇ W/L ⁇ 0.07, where W is the width of the frame plate, in mm; L is the length of the metal plate, in mm.
  • W/L can be 0.01, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, or 0.07, etc.
  • the length L of the metal plate 12 is the length of the longer side of the metal plate 12 .
  • the metal plate 12 is embedded in the middle of the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and fixed by the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14.
  • the metal plate 12 will vibrate up and down and conduct force, thereby forming tensile stress and shear stress on the connection position between the metal plate 12 and the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11, the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 and the fiber reinforced resin frame 13.
  • the connection position between the metal plate 12 and the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11, the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 or the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 is prone to detachment and delamination.
  • the inventors discovered through experiments that when the battery protection base plate 1 is installed on the battery pack 3, under normal working conditions, the overhang in the length direction of the metal plate 12 is the largest. When the metal plate 12 is impacted, the force in its length direction is greater and delamination is more likely to occur.
  • the width of the frame plate 131 is related to the performance of the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 in resisting the tensile shearing effect generated when the metal plate 12 is impacted.
  • the battery protection base plate 1 can effectively withstand the tensile shearing effect caused by load-bearing or impact, avoid delamination in the fatigue zone, and keep the amplitude of the battery protection base plate 1 within an appropriate range to improve the impact strength of the battery protection base plate 1.
  • the width W of the frame plate 131 is 30-200 mm, and the length L of the metal plate 12 is 1200-2200 mm.
  • the battery protection bottom plate When the width W of the frame plate 131 is within the above range, the battery protection bottom plate has a suitable installation area, and effectively supports and positions the metal plate 12 in the middle thereof.
  • W can be 30 mm, 50 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 130 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm, or 200 mm, etc.
  • L can be 1200 mm, 1350 mm, 1500 mm, 1800 mm, 2000 mm, 2100 mm, or 2200 mm, etc.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11, the metal plate 12 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 are all square sheet structures; the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 is a sheet-like square frame structure.
  • the square sheet structure means that the overall shape is roughly square
  • the sheet-like square frame structure means that the overall shape is roughly square.
  • the position of some details can be changed without affecting its overall shape. For example, the corner position of the square is rounded, or the edge of the square is provided with a protrusion or a groove, etc.
  • the above-mentioned roughly square structure can better match the shape of the battery pack.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 have the same shape to ensure the connection stability between the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 .
  • the shapes of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 are adapted to the bottom shape of the battery pack 3. In other embodiments, when the battery pack 3 adopts other shapes, the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 may also adopt other adapted shapes, such as triangle, pentagon, hexagon, etc.
  • the widths of the plurality of frame plates 131 are equal.
  • the width of the frame plate 131 extending along the width direction of the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 is greater than 1.2 times the width of the frame plate 131 extending along the length direction of the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 .
  • the thickness of the metal plate 12 is 0.7-1.6 mm, and the difference in thickness between the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the metal plate 12 is less than 0.1 mm.
  • the thickness of the metal plate 12 may be 0.7 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, or 1.6 mm.
  • the thickness of the metal plate 12 is within the above range, it has better impact resistance and lower material cost.
  • the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 can effectively fill the peripheral space of the metal plate 12, play the role of connecting the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14, avoid the height difference between the frame positions of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14, and ensure the surface flatness of the battery protection bottom plate 1.
  • the thickness difference between the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the metal plate 12 can be 0.09 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.02 mm, or 0.01 mm, etc.
  • the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the metal plate 12 have the same thickness.
  • the inner side of the edge of the battery protection bottom plate 1 is provided with a plurality of installation
  • the mounting hole 15 passes through the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 , the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 in sequence.
  • the mounting hole 15 is used for mounting and fastening the battery protection bottom plate 1 at the bottom of the battery pack 3.
  • the mounting hole 15 is used for mounting and fastening the battery protection bottom plate 1 at the bottom of the battery pack 3.
  • the plurality of mounting holes 15 are disposed around the outer circumference of the metal plate 12 to evenly disperse the top gravity and the bottom impact force on the metal plate 12 .
  • a connecting piece is arranged to pass through the installation hole 15 to fix the battery protection bottom plate 1 to the bottom of the battery pack 3, and the connecting piece is a rivet, a screw or a bolt.
  • the resins of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11, the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 are independently selected from thermosetting and/or thermoplastic materials.
  • examples may include, but are not limited to, epoxy resins, phenolic plastics, phenols, cyanates, imides (e.g., polyimide, bismaleimide (BMI), polyetherimide), polypropylene, polyesters, benzoxazines, polybenzimidazoles, polybenzothiazoles, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalate and polyetherketones (e.g., polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), etc.) and combinations thereof.
  • PEK polyetherketone
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PEKK polyetherketoneketone
  • the fibers of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 , the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 are independently selected from glass fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, boron fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • the fibers of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 , the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 may be embedded in the resin in the form of chopped fibers, chopped fibers, non-woven fabrics, unidirectional reinforced fiber substrates, woven fabrics, and the like.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11, the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 are each independently selected from glass fiber reinforced polyamide resin parts, glass fiber reinforced polypropylene resin parts, glass fiber reinforced polyethylene resin parts, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate resin parts or glass fiber reinforced polystyrene resin parts.
  • the fiber reinforced resin layer, the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 are made of the same resin material.
  • the same resin material can ensure the affinity of the materials between different layers, thereby ensuring the degree of integration between different layers and improving the overall strength.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 includes multiple layers of first fiber reinforced prepreg 110 stacked on top of each other; the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 includes multiple layers of second fiber reinforced prepreg stacked on top of each other; and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 includes multiple layers of third fiber reinforced prepreg stacked on top of each other.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 includes multiple layers of first fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes 111 stacked on each other, the fiber arrangement direction of two adjacent layers of the first fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes 111 is approximately 90° staggered, and the allowable deviation range of the ply angle of two adjacent layers of the first fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes 111 is ⁇ 20°.
  • the fibers in the first fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tape 111 are arranged unidirectionally. When subjected to a tensile force along the fiber extension direction, the fibers in the first fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tape 111 can effectively bear the tensile force. By arranging the fibers of adjacent first fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes 111 in an approximately 90° staggered manner, it is beneficial to improve the uniformity of force on the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 in all directions.
  • the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 includes multiple layers of second fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes stacked on each other, the fibers in the second fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes are arranged unidirectionally, the fiber arrangement directions of two adjacent layers of the second fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes are staggered at approximately 90°, and the allowable deviation range of the ply angle of two adjacent layers of the second fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes is ⁇ 20°.
  • the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 includes multiple layers of third fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes stacked on each other, the fibers in the third fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes are arranged unidirectionally, the fiber arrangement directions of two adjacent layers of the third fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes are staggered at approximately 90°, and the allowable deviation range of the ply angle of two adjacent layers of the third fiber reinforced prepreg unidirectional tapes is ⁇ 20°.
  • the fiber arrangement of the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 and the lower fiber reinforced resin layer 14 is similar to that of the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 , and will not be described in detail.
  • the upper fiber reinforced resin layer 11 includes a plurality of first fiber woven cloth reinforced prepregs 112 stacked on top of each other, wherein the fibers in the first fiber woven cloth reinforced prepregs 112 form a woven cloth in an interlaced manner.
  • the fiber reinforced resin frame 13 includes a plurality of second fiber woven cloth reinforced prepregs stacked on each other, wherein the fibers in the second fiber woven cloth reinforced prepregs are woven in an interlaced manner.
  • the lower fiber-reinforced resin layer 14 includes a plurality of third fiber woven cloth reinforced prepregs stacked one on another, wherein the fibers in the third fiber woven cloth reinforced prepregs are woven in an interlaced manner.
  • the metal plate 12 is selected from iron and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys, copper and its alloys, titanium and its alloys, or nickel and its alloys.
  • the metal plate 12 is a steel plate, and the outer surface of the steel plate is provided with a galvanized layer, a galvanized iron Alloy layer or electrophoretic paint protective layer.
  • the steel plate used as the metal plate 12 has better tensile strength and elongation, can meet the impact resistance requirements, and is beneficial to improving the protection of the battery pack 3.
  • a galvanized layer, a galvanized iron alloy layer or an electrophoretic paint protective layer is arranged on the outer surface of the steel plate to improve the anti-corrosion performance of the steel plate.
  • the galvanic cell effect formed by the galvanized layer or the galvanized iron alloy layer and the steel plate causes the galvanized layer or the galvanized iron alloy layer to corrode before the steel plate, thereby protecting the steel plate.
  • the electrophoretic paint protective layer has good adhesion and can effectively isolate the steel plate from the external environment.
  • FIG. 5 to 9 another embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack composite protection structure 10, including a battery pack 3 and the battery protection base plate 1 as described above, wherein the battery protection base plate 1 is arranged below the battery pack 3, and a buffer zone 4 is formed between the battery pack 3 and the battery protection base plate 1.
  • the battery protection bottom plate 1 Since the battery pack composite protection structure 10 adopts the battery protection bottom plate 1, the battery protection bottom plate 1 has good protection strength, and can effectively achieve force buffering and protection of the battery pack 3 under external impact conditions, avoiding damage to the battery pack 3 caused by external impact. At the same time, the battery protection bottom plate 1 has good corrosion resistance, which can avoid the problem of decreased corrosion resistance of the battery protection bottom plate 1 caused by external impact.
  • the battery pack 3 includes a tray 31 and batteries disposed on the tray 31 .
  • the buffer zone 4 may be disposed between the battery pack 3 and the battery protection base plate 1 in different ways.
  • a groove is provided inwardly on the bottom surface of the tray 31 to form the buffer zone 4 , and the battery protection bottom plate 1 is in the shape of a flat plate, and the battery protection bottom plate 1 covers the buffer zone 4 .
  • the frame position of the battery protection base plate 1 is connected to the bottom surface of the tray 31, and a groove is provided inwardly on the bottom surface of the tray 31.
  • the battery protection base plate 1 protrudes away from the tray 31 to form the buffer zone 4 between the tray 31 and the battery protection base plate 1.
  • the frame of the battery protection base plate 1 is connected to the bottom surface of the tray 31, the bottom surface of the tray 31 is a plane, and the battery protection base plate 1 protrudes away from the tray 31 to form the buffer zone 4 between the tray 31 and the battery protection base plate 1.
  • the buffer zone 4 is filled with a buffer layer 2 , and the buffer layer 2 is selected from a honeycomb material or a hard foam material.
  • Honeycomb material or hard foam material can absorb the collapse deformation space of the battery protection bottom plate 1 under the action of strong external impact, buffer and absorb part of the energy of the strong external impact, prevent the compression deformation of the battery protection bottom plate 1 from impacting the internal battery cells of the battery pack, and further protect the battery pack 3.
  • the honeycomb material is selected from PP honeycomb material or aluminum honeycomb material;
  • the rigid foam material is selected from PU rigid foam material, PET rigid foam material, PMI rigid foam material, PVC rigid foam material, PET rigid foam material, MPP rigid foam material, PLA rigid foam material, PI rigid foam material or EPTU foam material.
  • FIG. 10 Another embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle 100 , as shown in FIG. 10 , including the battery protection bottom plate 1 or the battery pack composite protection structure 10 as described above.

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Abstract

一种电池防护底板、电池包复合防护结构及车辆，电池防护底板包括上纤维增强树脂层、金属板、纤维增强树脂框和下纤维增强树脂层，金属板和纤维增强树脂框位于上纤维增强树脂层和下纤维增强树脂层之间，金属板位于纤维增强树脂框内部，纤维增强树脂框的顶面与上纤维增强树脂层一体连接，纤维增强树脂框的底面与下纤维增强树脂层一体连接。

Description

一种电池防护底板、电池包复合防护结构及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202221349344.X、申请日为2022年05月31日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请属于电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池防护底板、电池包复合防护结构及车辆。
背景技术
新能源电动车的电池包通常设置于车辆的底部，面对较为复杂的工况，在车辆行驶的过程中容易受到外部石子等硬物的冲击，通常需要在电池包的底部设置一定的防护措施，以避免电池包受冲击影响导致表面破损和电解液泄露的问题。现有的电池包底部防护方案主要是通过设置钢板对电池包底部进行保护，为避免钢板受到水汽等因素的腐蚀，采用电泳工艺进行防腐处理，另外，由于钢板的底部直接露出于车身底部，因此需要在钢板朝向地面的一侧喷涂0.5-1.2mm的PVC层起到耐石子冲击的作用，同时达到防止电泳层刮花的目的，避免影响防腐效果。
现有的电池包底部防护结构存在以下问题：
1.生产效率低：平整钢板的整体刚度较差，需要对钢板进行冲压，而现有电池包底部防护结构采用的高强度钢板冲压困难，存在影响生产效率的问题，同时，冲压后，钢板需要在电泳和喷涂PVC的工艺之间周转，存在制备流程繁琐的问题；
2.耐腐蚀性能差：现有钢板经冲切后进行电泳以提高耐腐蚀性能，而电泳漆在冲切部位尖端粘附性能差，当发生外部的PVC层出现磨损时，钢板边缘或孔位周边容易在常规环境下就发生锈蚀，影响产品品质。
3.一致性差：PVC层的喷涂厚度均匀性难以控制，从而影响整体防护性能的一致性，存在防护能力弱的缺点。
4.制造成本高：钢板表面的电泳工艺和PVC层涂覆工艺的成本高。
发明内容
针对现有电池包底部防护结构存在抗外部冲击效果差、生产效率低、成本高、耐腐蚀性差和一致性差等问题，本申请提供了一种电池防护底板、电池包复合防护结构及车辆。
本申请解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一方面，本申请提供了一种电池防护底板，包括上纤维增强树脂层、金属板、纤维增强树脂框和下纤维增强树脂层，所述金属板和所述纤维增强树脂框位于所述上纤维增强树脂层和所述下纤维增强树脂层之间，所述金属板位于所述纤维增强树脂框内部，所述纤维增强树脂框的顶面与所述上纤维增强树脂层一体连接，所述纤维增强树脂框的底面与所述下纤维增强树脂层一体连接。
在一些实施例中，所述纤维增强树脂框是由多个边框板首尾连接形成的框体结构，所述纤维增强树脂框和所述金属板满足以下条件：0.01≤W/L≤0.07，其中，W为边框板的宽度，单位为mm；L为金属板的长度，单位为mm。
在一些实施例中，所述边框板的宽度W为30～200mm，所述金属板的长度为1200～2200mm。
在一些实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层、所述金属板和所述下纤维增强树脂层均为方形片状结构；所述纤维增强树脂框为片状方形框体结构。
在一些实施例中，所述纤维增强树脂框中，多个所述边框板的宽度相等；或，沿所述纤维增强树脂框宽度方向延伸的边框板的宽度大于1.2倍沿所述纤维增强树脂框长度方向延伸的边框板的宽度。
在一些实施例中，所述金属板的厚度为0.7～1.6mm，所述纤维增强树脂框与所述金属板的厚度差＜0.1mm。
在一些实施例中，所述电池防护底板的边缘内侧间隔开设有多个安装孔，所述安装孔依次穿过所述上纤维增强树脂层、所述纤维增强树脂框和所述下纤维增强树脂层。
在一些实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层、所述纤维增强树脂框和所述下纤维增强树脂层各自独立地选自玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚乙烯树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚碳酸酯树脂件或玻璃纤维增强聚苯乙烯树脂件。
在一些实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层包括多层相互层叠的第一纤维增强预浸料；所述纤维增强树脂框包括多层相互层叠的第二纤维增强预浸料；所述下纤维增强树脂层包括多层相互层叠的第三纤维增强预浸料。
在一些实施例中，所述金属板为钢板，所述钢板的外表面设置有镀锌层、镀锌铁合 金层或电泳漆保护层。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种电池包复合防护结构，包括电池包和如上所述的电池防护底板，所述电池防护底板设置于所述电池包的下方，所述电池包和所述电池防护底板之间形成有缓冲区。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲区中填充有缓冲层，所述缓冲层选自蜂窝材料或硬质发泡材料。
再一方面，本申请提供了一种车辆，包括如上所述的电池防护底板或者电池包防护结构。
根据本申请提供的电池防护底板，通过上纤维增强树脂层和下纤维增强树脂层复合在金属板的正反两个表面，一方面，上纤维增强树脂层和下纤维增强树脂层能够提高金属板的防腐性能，同时，下纤维增强树脂层能抵抗石子等对电池防护底板底部的冲击，避免冲击部位的腐蚀问题；另一方面，上纤维增强树脂层和下纤维增强树脂层与金属板复合后有效地提高了金属板的刚度和强度，具有更高的抗冲击能力，且上纤维增强树脂层和下纤维增强树脂层具有厚度均匀的特点，保证不同位置强度和刚度的一致性，不需要额外对金属板进行冲压处理，提高生产效率，降低生产成本。
进一步的，本申请在金属板的外周设置有纤维增强树脂框作为上纤维增强树脂层和下纤维增强树脂层的边框位置连接过渡件，能够有效抵消金属板厚度对于上纤维增强树脂层和下纤维增强树脂层边框连接的影响，保证电池防护底板的边框位置强度，进而有利于将电池防护底板的边框位置作为其在电池上的安装结构，提高其抗冲击能力。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例提供的电池防护底板的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的金属板和纤维增强树脂框的配合示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例提供的上纤维增强树脂层中不同第一纤维增强预浸料单向带的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例提供的上纤维增强树脂层中不同第一纤维编织布增强预浸料的结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例提供的电池包复合防护结构的结构示意图；
图6是图5中A处的放大示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例提供的电池包复合防护结构的底部截面示意图；
图8是本申请另一实施例提供的电池包复合防护结构的底部截面示意图；
图9是本申请另一实施例提供的电池包复合防护结构的底部截面示意图；
图10是本申请一实施例提供的车辆的示意图。
说明书附图中的附图标记如下：
100、车辆；10、电池复合防护结构；
1、电池防护底板；11、上纤维增强树脂层；110、第一纤维增强预浸料；111、第一纤维增强预浸料单向带；112、第一纤维编织布增强预浸料；12、金属板；13、纤维增强树脂框；131、边框板；14、下纤维增强树脂层；15、安装孔；2、缓冲层；3、电池包；31、托盘；4、缓冲区。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
参见图1所示，本申请一实施例提供了一种电池防护底板1，包括上纤维增强树脂层11、金属板12、纤维增强树脂框13和下纤维增强树脂层14，所述金属板12和所述纤维增强树脂框13位于所述上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14之间，所述金属板12位于所述纤维增强树脂框13内部，所述纤维增强树脂框13的顶面与所述上纤维增强树脂层11一体连接，所述纤维增强树脂框13的底面与所述下纤维增强树脂层14一体连接。
通过上纤维增强树脂层11和下纤维增强树脂层14复合在金属板12的正反两个表面，一方面，上纤维增强树脂层11和下纤维增强树脂层14能够提高金属板12的防腐性能，同时，下纤维增强树脂层14能抵抗石子等对电池防护底板1底部的冲击，避免冲击部位的腐蚀问题；另一方面，上纤维增强树脂层11和下纤维增强树脂层14与金属板12复合后有效地提高了金属板12的刚度和强度，具有更高的抗冲击能力，且上纤维增强树脂层11和下纤维增强树脂层14具有厚度均匀的特点，保证不同位置强度和刚度的一致性，不需要额外对金属板12进行冲压处理，提高生产效率，降低生产成本。
进一步的，本申请在金属板12的外周设置有纤维增强树脂框13作为上纤维增强树脂层11和下纤维增强树脂层14的边框位置连接过渡件，能够有效抵消金属板12厚度对于上纤维增强树脂层11和下纤维增强树脂层14边框连接的影响，保证电池防护底板1的边框位置强度，进而有利于将电池防护底板1的边框位置作为其在电池包3上的安装结构，提高其抗冲击能力。
在一些实施例中，所述纤维增强树脂框13是由多个边框板131首尾连接形成的框体结构，所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述金属板12满足以下条件：0.01≤W/L≤0.07，其中，W为边框板的宽度，单位为mm；L为金属板的长度，单位为mm。例如，W/L可以为0.01、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、或0.07等。
如图2所示，需要说明的是，所述金属板12的长度L为所述金属板12的较长的一边的长度。
所述金属板12嵌入于所述纤维增强树脂框13中间并由所述上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14固定，在所述电池防护底板1受到来自底部的冲击时，所述金属板12会发生上下振动和受力传导，进而对金属板12与所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述下纤维增强树脂层14和所述纤维增强树脂框13的连接位置形成拉伸应力和剪切应力，当该拉伸剪切的作用力超过其可承受范围时，容易出现金属板12与所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述下纤维增强树脂层14或所述纤维增强树脂框13的连接位置之间脱离分层的问题。
为解决该问题，发明人通过试验发现，所述电池防护底板1安装在电池包3上时，正常工况下，在金属板12的长度方向悬伸量最大，当金属板12受到冲击时，其长度方向的受力更大，更易发生分层现象，而所述边框板131的宽度与所述纤维增强树脂框13抵抗金属板12受冲击时产生的拉伸剪切作用性能相关，通过试验总结发现：当边框板的宽度W和金属板的长度L满足关系式：0.01≤W/L≤0.07时，可以有效承受所述电池防护底板1由于承重或冲击产生的拉伸剪切作用，避免疲劳区出现分层现象，保持所述电池防护底板1的振幅处于合适范围，以提高电池防护底板1的抗冲击强度。
在一实施例中，所述边框板131的宽度W为30～200mm，所述金属板12的长度L为1200～2200mm。
当所述边框板131的宽度W处于上述范围中时，使得所述电池防护底板具有合适的安装面积，有效对其中部的金属板12进行支撑和定位。例如，W可以为30mm、50mm、80mm、100mm、130mm、150mm、180mm、或200mm等；L可以为1200mm、1350mm、1500mm、1800mm、2000mm、2100mm、或2200mm等。
在一些实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述金属板12和所述下纤维增强树脂层14均为方形片状结构；所述纤维增强树脂框13为片状方形框体结构。需要说明的是，所述方形片状结构是指总体形状大致呈方形，所述片状方形框体结构指的是总体形状大致呈方形，在一些细节的位置不影响其总体形状的情况下，可以发生改变，例如，在方形的角位置采用圆角设置，或是在方形的边缘设置有凸起或凹槽等，采用上述大致方形结构可以更好地匹配电池包的形状。
在一些实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的形状一致，以保证所述上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的连接稳定性。
所述上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的形状与电池包3的底部形状相适配，在其他实施例中，当所述电池包3采用其他形状时，所述上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14也可采用其他适配的形状，如三角形、五边形、六边形等。
在一些实施例中，所述纤维增强树脂框13中，多个所述边框板131的宽度相等。
如图2所示，在另一些实施例中，所述纤维增强树脂框13中，沿所述纤维增强树脂框13宽度方向延伸的边框板131的宽度大于1.2倍沿所述纤维增强树脂框13长度方向延伸的边框板131的宽度。
通过增大沿所述纤维增强树脂框13宽度方向延伸的边框板131的宽度，有利于提高所述电池防护底板1在长度方向的抗冲击强度。
在一实施例中，所述金属板12的厚度为0.7～1.6mm，所述纤维增强树脂框13与所述金属板12的厚度差＜0.1mm。例如，金属板12的厚度可以为0.7mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、或1.6mm等。
当所述金属板12的厚度处于上述范围中时，具有较好的抗冲击能力，同时具有兼顾较低的材料成本。
所述纤维增强树脂框13与所述金属板12的厚度差小于0.1mm时，所述纤维增强树脂框13可以有效填补所述金属板12的外周空间，起到连接所述上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的作用，避免上纤维增强树脂层11和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的边框位置出现高低落差，保证所述电池防护底板1的表面平整性。例如，纤维增强树脂框13与所述金属板12的厚度差可以为0.09mm、0.08mm、0.07mm、0.05mm、0.02mm、或0.01mm等。
在一些实施例中，所述纤维增强树脂框13与所述金属板12的厚度相等。
如图6所示，在一实施例中，所述电池防护底板1的边缘内侧间隔开设有多个安装 孔15，所述安装孔15依次穿过所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14。
所述安装孔15用于所述电池防护底板1在电池包3底部的安装紧固，通过将安装孔15设置于所述电池防护底板1的边缘内侧并依次穿过所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14，可避免所述安装孔15穿过所述金属板12，避免金属板12在安装孔15处露出导致的腐蚀问题，同时，所述纤维增强树脂框13利于提高安装位置的整体厚度和抗拉伸剪切强度，具有足够的安装稳固性。
多个所述安装孔15环绕于所述金属板12的外周设置，以均匀分散所述金属板12受到的顶部重力和底部的冲击作用力。
具体的，在安装时，设置连接件穿过所述安装孔15以将所述电池防护底板1固定于电池包3底部，所述连接件为铆钉、螺钉或螺栓。
在不同的实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的树脂各自独立地选自热固性和/或热塑性材料。实例可以包括但不限于环氧树脂、酚醛塑料、酚类、氰酸酯类、酰亚胺类(例如，聚酰亚胺、双马来酰亚胺(BMI)、聚醚酰亚胺)、聚丙烯类、聚酯类、苯并噁嗪类、聚苯并咪唑类、聚苯并噻唑类、聚酰胺类、聚酰胺酰亚胺类、聚砜类、聚醚砜类、聚碳酸酯类、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯类和聚醚酮类(例如，聚醚酮(PEK)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)等)及其组合。
在不同的实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的纤维各自独立地选自玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、石墨纤维、硼纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维及其混合。
所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的纤维可以以短切纤维、长切纤维、无纺布、单向增强纤维基材、编织布等形式嵌入于树脂中。
在一些实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11、所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14各自独立地选自玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚乙烯树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚碳酸酯树脂件或玻璃纤维增强聚苯乙烯树脂件。
在一些实施例中，所述纤维增强树脂层、所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14选择相同的树脂材料，相同的树脂材料能够保证不同层之间材料的亲和性，进而保证不同层之间的结合一体程度，提高整体强度。
在一些实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11包括多层相互层叠的第一纤维增强预浸料110；所述纤维增强树脂框13包括多层相互层叠的第二纤维增强预浸料；所述下纤维增强树脂层14包括多层相互层叠的第三纤维增强预浸料。
如图3所示，在一实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11包括多层相互层叠的第一纤维增强预浸料单向带111，相邻的两层第一纤维增强预浸料单向带111的纤维排布方向呈大致90°交错铺层，且相邻的两层第一纤维增强预浸料单向带111的铺层角度允许偏差范围为±20°。
所述第一纤维增强预浸料单向带111中的纤维单向排布，当受到沿纤维延伸方向的拉伸作用力时，所述第一纤维增强预浸料单向带111中的纤维能够有效承载其拉力作用，通过将相邻的第一纤维增强预浸料单向带111的纤维排布方向呈大致90°交错铺层，有利于提高所述上纤维增强树脂层11在各方向上的受力均匀性。
所述纤维增强树脂框13包括多层相互层叠的第二纤维增强预浸料单向带，所述第二纤维增强预浸料单向带中的纤维单向排布，相邻的两层第二纤维增强预浸料单向带的纤维排布方向呈大致90°交错铺层，且相邻的两层第二纤维增强预浸料单向带的铺层角度允许偏差范围为±20°。
所述下纤维增强树脂层14包括多层相互层叠的第三纤维增强预浸料单向带，所述第三纤维增强预浸料单向带中的纤维单向排布，相邻的两层第三纤维增强预浸料单向带的纤维排布方向呈大致90°交错铺层，且相邻的两层第三纤维增强预浸料单向带的铺层角度允许偏差范围为±20°。
所述纤维增强树脂框13和所述下纤维增强树脂层14的纤维排布与所述上纤维增强树脂层11相似，不再赘述。
如图4所示，在另一实施例中，所述上纤维增强树脂层11包括多层相互层叠的第一纤维编织布增强预浸料112，所述第一纤维编织布增强预浸料112中的纤维以交错的形式形成编织布。
所述纤维增强树脂框13包括多层相互层叠的第二纤维编织布增强预浸料，所述第二纤维编织布增强预浸料中的纤维以交错的形式形成编织布。
所述下纤维增强树脂层14包括多层相互层叠的第三纤维编织布增强预浸料，所述第三纤维编织布增强预浸料中的纤维以交错的形式形成编织布。
在一些实施例中，所述金属板12选自铁及其合金、铝及其合金、镁及其合金、铜及其合金、钛及其合金或镍及其合金。
在一实施例中，所述金属板12为钢板，所述钢板的外表面设置有镀锌层、镀锌铁 合金层或电泳漆保护层。
相对其他金属材料，采用钢板作为所述金属板12，具有较好的拉伸强度和延伸率，能够满足抗冲击的需求，利于提高对电池包3的保护作用。
在所述钢板的外表面设置镀锌层、镀锌铁合金层或电泳漆保护层，用于提高钢板的防腐性能，当所述上纤维增强树脂层11或所述下纤维增强树脂层14发生破损时，所述镀锌层或所述镀锌铁合金层与所述钢板形成的原电池效应使得所述镀锌层或所述镀锌铁合金层会优先于所述钢板发生腐蚀，进而对所述钢板起到保护作用，而所述电泳漆保护层具有较好的附着性，能够有效隔离钢板和外部环境。
如图5～图9所示，本申请的另一实施例提供了一种电池包复合防护结构10，包括电池包3和如上所述的电池防护底板1，所述电池防护底板1设置于所述电池包3的下方，所述电池包3和所述电池防护底板1之间形成有缓冲区4。
所述电池包复合防护结构10由于采用上述电池防护底板1，所述电池防护底板1具有较好的防护强度，在外部冲击条件下能够有效实现对电池包3的受力缓冲和保护作用，避免外部冲击导致的电池包3损坏问题。同时，所述电池防护底板1具有较好的抗腐蚀性能，能够避免外部冲击导致所述电池防护底板1的耐腐蚀性下降问题。
在一些实施例中，所述电池包3包括托盘31和设置于所述托盘31上的电池。
在不同的实施例中，所述缓冲区4可以以不同方式设置于所述电池包3和所述电池防护底板1之间。
如图7所示，在一实施例中，所述托盘31的底面向内设置有凹槽以形成所述缓冲区4，所述电池防护底板1为平板状，所述电池防护底板1覆盖于所述缓冲区4上。
如图8所示，在一实施例中，所述电池防护底板1的边框位置连接与所述托盘31的底面，所述托盘31的底面向内设置有凹槽，所述电池防护底板1向背离所述托盘31的方向凸出，以在所述托盘31和所述电池防护底板1之间形成所述缓冲区4。
如图9所示，在一实施例中，所述电池防护底板1的边框位置连接与所述托盘31的底面，所述托盘31的底面为平面，所述电池防护底板1向背离所述托盘31的方向凸出，以在所述托盘31和所述电池防护底板1之间形成所述缓冲区4。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲区4中填充有缓冲层2，所述缓冲层2选自蜂窝材料或硬质发泡材料。
蜂窝材料或硬质发泡材料能吸收电池防护底板1受到外部强冲击作用下的溃缩形变空间，缓冲吸收一部分外部强冲击的能量，阻止电池防护底板1压缩形变冲击到电池包内部电芯上，对电池包3进行进一步防护。
在一些实施例中，所述蜂窝材料选自PP蜂窝材料或铝蜂窝材料；所述硬质发泡材料选自PU硬质发泡材料，PET硬质发泡材料，PMI硬质发泡材料，PVC硬质发泡材料，PET硬质发泡材料，MPP硬质发泡材料，PLA硬质发泡材料，PI硬质发泡材料或EPTU发泡材料。
本申请的另一实施例提供了一种车辆100，如图10所示，包括如上所述的电池防护底板1或者电池包复合防护结构10。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池防护底板(1)，其中，包括上纤维增强树脂层(11)、金属板(12)、纤维增强树脂框(13)和下纤维增强树脂层(14)，所述金属板(12)和所述纤维增强树脂框(13)位于所述上纤维增强树脂层(11)和所述下纤维增强树脂层(14)之间，所述金属板(12)位于所述纤维增强树脂框(13)内部，所述纤维增强树脂框(13)的顶面与所述上纤维增强树脂层(11)一体连接，所述纤维增强树脂框(13)的底面与所述下纤维增强树脂层(14)一体连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述纤维增强树脂框(13)是由多个边框板(131)首尾连接形成的框体结构，所述纤维增强树脂框(13)和所述金属板(12)满足以下条件：0.01≤W/L≤0.07，其中，W为边框板(131)的宽度，单位为mm；L为金属板(12)的长度，单位为mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述边框板(131)的宽度W为30～200mm，所述金属板(12)的长度为1200～2200mm。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述上纤维增强树脂层(11)、所述金属板(12)和所述下纤维增强树脂层(14)均为方形片状结构；
    所述纤维增强树脂框(13)为片状方形框体结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，
    所述纤维增强树脂框(13)中，多个所述边框板(131)的宽度相等；或，
    沿所述纤维增强树脂框(13)宽度方向延伸的边框板(131)的宽度大于1.2倍沿所述纤维增强树脂框(13)长度方向延伸的边框板(131)的宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述金属板(12)的厚度为0.7～1.6mm，所述纤维增强树脂框(13)与所述金属板(12)的厚度差＜0.1mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述电池防护底板(1)的边缘内侧间隔开设有多个安装孔(15)，所述安装孔(15)依次穿过所述上纤维增强树脂层(11)、所述纤维增强树脂框(13)和所述下纤维增强树脂层(14)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述上纤维增强树脂层(11)、所述纤维增强树脂框(13)和所述下纤维增强树脂层(14)各自独立地选自玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚乙烯树脂件、玻璃纤维增强聚碳酸酯树脂件或玻璃纤维增强聚苯乙烯树脂件。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述上纤维增强树脂层(11)包括多层相互层叠的第一纤维增强预浸料(110)；
    所述纤维增强树脂框(13)包括多层相互层叠的第二纤维增强预浸料；
    所述下纤维增强树脂层(14)包括多层相互层叠的第三纤维增强预浸料。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池防护底板(1)，其中，所述金属板(12)为钢板，所述钢板的外表面设置镀锌层、镀锌铁合金层或电泳漆保护层。
  11. 一种电池包复合防护结构(10)，其中，包括电池包(3)和如权利要求1～10任意一项所述的电池防护底板(1)，所述电池防护底板(1)设置于所述电池包(3)的下方，所述电池包(3)和所述电池防护底板(1)之间形成有缓冲区(4)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池包复合防护结构(10)，其中，所述缓冲区(4)中填充有缓冲层(2)，所述缓冲层(2)选自蜂窝材料或硬质发泡材料。
  13. 一种车辆(100)，其中，包括如权利要求1～10任意一项所述的电池防护底板(1)或如权利要求11或12所述的电池包复合防护结构(10)。
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