WO2023223724A1 - 高炉操業方法 - Google Patents
高炉操業方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023223724A1 WO2023223724A1 PCT/JP2023/014825 JP2023014825W WO2023223724A1 WO 2023223724 A1 WO2023223724 A1 WO 2023223724A1 JP 2023014825 W JP2023014825 W JP 2023014825W WO 2023223724 A1 WO2023223724 A1 WO 2023223724A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- furnace
- blast furnace
- normal operation
- molten material
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000289 melt material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/14—Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for operating a blast furnace, in which the operation is stopped, the blast furnace is put into a hiatus, and then the blast furnace is restarted.
- blast furnaces are forced to reduce production of hot metal, the flow rate of blast furnaces will be reduced, which may lead to poor furnace conditions due to inactivation of the furnace core. If the pig iron production ratio falls below 1.5 due to reduced hot metal production, operation will continue at a coke ratio of over 400 kg/t, but this is not economically rational as coke is an expensive raw material. Furthermore, since the downward elasticity of blast furnace production is limited, if a large reduction in production is forced, it may be necessary to shut down the blast furnace. In addition, in order to repair the auxiliary equipment of aging blast furnaces, wind shutdowns are sometimes carried out to the extent that the molten metal slag in the furnace solidifies. To deal with this situation, there is a technology called banking, which allows the blast furnace to rest for a long period of time.
- the raw material line is reduced to the tuyere level, the residual coke and residual iron slag in the furnace are cooled down to room temperature (3 months) in preparation for blowing, and then heavy machinery is put into the furnace to remove the residual coke.
- This will require a 2.5-month period of work to scrape out the coke and lay down coke and sleepers, so at least a 5.5-month shutdown period will be required.
- it is not possible to perform rapid demand recovery or mid-term renovations that determine the construction period, and it is not possible to adjust production according to demand trends.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for taking out hot metal at the bottom of the furnace by tapping from the bottom of the furnace from a bottom tap hole provided in the furnace wall below the tap hole during blowdown. A method is disclosed. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which an opening is provided in the lower wall of a blast furnace that has been blown down, and the contents of the hearth remaining on the entire bottom of the hearth are carried out of the furnace.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 have the problem of damaging the carbon bricks, which are the bottom bricks, because the furnace bottom taphole and opening are provided below the taphole.
- the blast furnace operating method of the present invention was developed to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is a blast furnace operating method in which the blast furnace is restarted after a wind break.
- the taphole has a mud material that blocks the tap hole in the area where the tap hole is installed, and carbon bricks that are lined in other areas.
- the through hole is opened so that the lower end of the through hole on the furnace inner wall side is located lower than the lower end of the through hole on the furnace inner wall side during normal operation. This is a method of operating a blast furnace, in which the melt is discharged through the through hole.
- a plurality of tap holes are provided in the circumferential direction of the bottom of the blast furnace, and during reduced scale operation before wind shutdown, the through holes that were blocked with mud material during normal operation are sequentially opened.
- the hole is opened so that the lower end of the opening on the furnace inner wall side is located below the lower end of the opening on the furnace inner wall side of the through hole during normal operation; (2) opening the through hole so that the lower end of the through hole on the furnace inner wall side is located at the lower end of the furnace inner wall side of the tap hole where the mud material is provided; (3) making the inclination angle of the through-hole larger than the inclination angle of the through-hole during normal operation; (4)
- the blowing pressure from the tuyeres is set to 150 to 250 kPa; (5) After discharging the molten material through the through-hole before the wind break, block the through-hole with mud material to take a wind break, and when restarting, return to the normal operating position. Suppressing the temperature drop of the molten material during startup by opening a through hole and discharging the molten material in the furnace from the through hole; is considered to be a more preferable solution.
- the blast furnace operating method of the present invention it is possible to reduce the amount of solidified molten material remaining in the furnace after the blast is stopped without damaging the bottom bricks. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the temperature drop of the molten material obtained at the time of restarting, and a smoother restart of the blast furnace can be realized.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a state immediately before the end of scale reduction in the blast furnace operating method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a method of opening a tap hole in the blast furnace operating method according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic cross-sectional views showing the state of the tap hole during normal operation of the blast furnace, respectively.
- Figures 1 (a) and (b) show a part of the bottom of the blast furnace 1, and the inner wall of the bottom of the blast furnace is covered with mud that blocks the tap hole 2 in the area where the through hole 7 is opened. It is composed of a material 3 and carbon bricks 4 lined with other parts.
- 5 is a tuyere.
- the blast furnace 1 is usually equipped with a plurality of tap holes 2, for example, four tap holes 2, and these tap holes 2 are used alternately to perform normal operation of the blast furnace. Specifically, when focusing on one taphole 2, as shown in FIG. By providing a through hole 7 through the mud material 3 from outside the furnace to inside the furnace, the molten material 6 in the furnace is tapped through the through hole 7. As shown in FIG. 1(b), the tap hole 2 in which the molten material 6 in the furnace is not tapped is closed with mud material 3, and the molten material 6 in the furnace is passed from the tap hole 2 into the furnace. Constructed so as not to be discharged outside.
- the tap hole 2 is again closed with the mud material 3.
- 8 is a tap trough that conveys the tapped molten material 6 inside the furnace to the outside of the furnace.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the state immediately before the end of scale reduction in the blast furnace operating method according to the present invention.
- the molten material 6 slag 6a and hot metal 6b
- Such solidified molten material absorbs heat from the hot metal produced during re-air blowing, lowers the temperature of the molten material, and reduces the fluidity of the molten material, thereby impeding smooth startup.
- the solidified molten material remaining in the furnace after banking can be reduced by implementing the blast furnace operating method according to the present invention, the temperature drop of the molten material obtained when restarting the blast furnace can be suppressed, and smooth blast furnace operation can be achieved. Restarting is possible.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the method of opening a tap hole in the blast furnace operating method according to the present invention.
- the solid line indicates the method of drilling the through hole 7 with the rod of the hole drill 11 directed toward the center of the mud material 3 of the tap hole 2 in the case of tapping during normal operation.
- the broken line and the dashed-dotted line respectively indicate how the rod of the hole puncher 11 is connected to the mud material 3 of the taphole 2 during the reduced scale operation before the wind break in the blast furnace operating method according to the present invention, during normal operation.
- a method of opening the through-hole 7 so that the through-hole 7 is located at a lower position than the through-hole 7 is shown.
- the example of the broken line shows a state in which the carbon bricks 4 forming the tap hole 2 are hardly worn out when drilling holes during the scale reduction operation.
- the example of a dashed-dotted line shows the state in which the carbon brick 4 which forms the tap hole 2 is worn out when drilling a hole during a scale reduction operation.
- the carbon brick 4 is worn out by about 0.1°/year from firing to scale reduction operation. Therefore, depending on the number of years since firing, as shown in the example shown by the dashed line, even if the angle of the through hole 7 to be drilled by the rod of the hole puncher 11 is increased, the carbon brick 4 will not be damaged. The maximum effect of internal melt extraction can be obtained.
- the angle of the through hole 7 with respect to the mud material 3 of the tap hole 2 is set to 10 degrees, and the hole is drilled with the rod of the hole drilling machine 11. Further, in the case of the reduced length operation indicated by the broken line, the angle of the through hole 7 with respect to the mud material 3 of the tap hole 2 is set to 13.8 degrees, and the hole is opened with the rod of the hole puncher 11. Furthermore, in the case of the reduced length operation shown by the dashed-dotted line, the angle of the through-hole 7 with respect to the mud material 3 of the tap hole 2 is set to 15 degrees, and the hole is opened with the rod of the hole-opening machine 11.
- the lower end 7a of the through hole 7 can be located lower than the lower end 7a of the through hole 7 during normal operation.
- the opening angle of the hole-opening machine 11 must be made higher than before. is preferred. Since it is difficult to change the height of the hole puncher 11, if this can be done by simply changing the inclination angle of the hole puncher 11, the lower end of the through hole on the inner wall side of the furnace can be easily lowered.
- Table 1 below shows the liquid level of the melt 6, the liquid level drop, the volume of the melt that decreases, and the mass of the melt that decreases when the inclination angle of the through hole 7 is changed.
- the through-hole angle of 10° indicates the inclination angle of the through-hole 7 during normal operation.
- the through-hole angles 13.8° and 15° are inclination angles at which the lower end 7a of the through-hole 7 becomes the lower end inside the furnace of the tap hole 2 where the mud material 3 is provided.
- the melt reduction effect for the through-hole angles of 13.8° and 15° was determined as the amount of melt reduction relative to the case of normal operation with the through-hole angle of 10° as 0.
- the lower limit of the lower end position 7a of the through hole 7 is the lower end inside the furnace of the tap hole 2 where the mud material 3 is provided.
- the temperature drop of the molten material 6 obtained when restarting the blast furnace can be further suppressed, and a smoother restart of the blast furnace can be realized.
- it is preferable to set the angle of the through hole 7 during the scale reduction operation to 13.8° to 15°.
- the blowing pressure from the blast furnace tuyere 5 before scale reduction is preferably 150 to 250 kPa. Since the level of the molten material 6 inside the furnace is lower than the position of the through hole 7 outside the furnace, the molten material 6 inside the furnace is pushed to the through hole 7 due to the pressure difference between the high pressure inside the furnace (blow pressure) and the atmospheric pressure. is discharged through. For this reason, it is preferable to increase the pressure in the furnace by setting the air blowing pressure from the blast furnace tuyere 5 to 150 kPa or more to increase the pressure difference. This allows even more melt 6 to be discharged through the through hole 7.
- the blowing pressure from the blast furnace tuyeres 5 is 250 kPa or less.
- the through-hole 7 is closed using the mud material 3 to perform banking.
- the mud material 3 of the taphole 2 is opened to form a through hole 7 so as to be in the position of the through hole during normal operation, and the inside of the furnace is opened from the through hole 7.
- the melt is drained. In this way, by lowering the position of the through-hole during reduced scale operation compared to the position of the through-hole when restarting, it is possible to secure a discharge space in front of the through-hole where there is no solidified molten material when restarting. . As a result, the temperature drop of the molten material during restarting is further suppressed, so that even smoother restarting of the blast furnace can be realized.
- a blast furnace basically has four tap holes. Furthermore, basically two out of four tapholes are used, or in most cases three tapholes are used.
- the plurality of tap holes can be opened, for example, in the following order.
- one taphole is drilled, and then the taphole opposite to it is drilled. If three tapholes are used, open the taphole between the two tapholes.
- the holes in the taphole may be opened in sequence, for example, in the order described above, or in any other order, and the order in which the holes are opened is not particularly limited. For example, the order of opening holes may be determined in consideration of gutter repair.
- the time interval between openings of the tap hole is not particularly limited, and is determined by the furnace conditions and air volume at that time. Therefore, the time interval for opening the holes has various variations such as 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 1 hour, and is not particularly limited.
- blast furnace operating method it is possible to provide a stable operating method not only for restarting a blast furnace but also for various vertical melting furnaces other than blast furnaces.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(1)前記高炉の炉低部の周方向に複数の出銑口が設けられ、休風前の減尺操業時に、通常操業時にマッド材で閉塞された貫通口を、順次、その貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端が通常操業時の貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端よりも下方の位置になるように開孔すること、
(2)前記貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端が、前記マッド材が設けられている出銑口の炉内壁面側の下端に位置するように、前記貫通口を開孔すること、
(3)前記貫通口の傾斜角度を、通常操業時の貫通口の傾斜角度よりも大きくすること、
(4)前記貫通口より溶融物を排出させるため、羽口からの送風圧を150~250kPaとすること、
(5)前記休風前の貫通口を通じての溶融物の排出後、マッド材を用いて前記貫通口を閉塞させて休風し、再立ち上げの際には通常操業時の位置になるように貫通口を開孔し、前記貫通口から炉内溶融物を排出させることで立上げ時の溶融物の温度低下を抑制すること、
がより好ましい解決手段となるものと考えられる。
図1(a)、(b)は、それぞれ、高炉の通常操業における出銑口の状態を示す断面模式図である。図1(a)、(b)は高炉1の炉底部の一部を示しており、高炉炉底部の炉内壁は、貫通口7が開孔される部位にある出銑口2を閉塞するマッド材3と、その他の部位に内張りされているカーボンレンガ4と、から構成されている。なお、5は羽口である。
高炉1の減産や補修対応のために長期間の休風(以下、バンキングとも記載する)を実施する場合においては、減尺操業を実施して、例えば、羽口5のレベルまで原料(溶融物6)のラインを減尺する。本実施形態に係る高炉操業では、休風前の減尺操業時に、出銑口2のマッド材3が設けられている部位において、貫通口7を、その貫通口7の炉内壁面側の開孔下端7a(図2(a))が、通常操業時の出銑口2の炉内壁面側の開孔下端7a(図2(b))よりも下方の位置になるように開孔して、貫通口7を通じて溶融物6を排出させる。
2 出銑口
3 マッド材
4 カーボンレンガ
5 羽口
6 溶融物
6a スラグ
6b 溶銑
7 貫通口
7a 下端
8 出銑樋
11 開孔機
Claims (6)
- 休風した後に再立ち上げする高炉操業方法であって、
高炉炉底部の炉内壁は、貫通口が開孔される部位にある出銑口を閉塞するマッド材と、その他の部位に内張りされているカーボンレンガと、を有し、
休風前の減尺操業時に、前記出銑口のマッド材が設けられている部位において、前記貫通口を、その貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端が通常操業時の貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端よりも下方の位置になるように開孔して、前記貫通口を通じて溶融物を排出させる、高炉操業方法。 - 前記高炉の炉低部の周方向に複数の出銑口が設けられ、休風前の減尺操業時に、通常操業時にマッド材で閉塞された貫通口を、順次、その貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端が通常操業時の貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端よりも下方の位置になるように開孔する、請求項1に記載の高炉操業方法。
- 前記貫通口の炉内壁面側の開孔下端が、前記マッド材が設けられている出銑口の炉内壁面側の下端に位置するように、前記貫通口を開孔する、請求項1または2に記載の高炉操業方法。
- 前記貫通口の傾斜角度を、通常操業時の貫通口の傾斜角度よりも大きくする、請求項1または2に記載の高炉操業方法。
- 前記貫通口より溶融物を排出させるため、羽口からの送風圧を150~250kPaとする、請求項1または2に記載の高炉操業方法。
- 前記休風前の貫通口を通じての溶融物の排出後、マッド材を用いて前記貫通口を閉塞させて休風し、再立ち上げの際には通常操業時の位置になるように貫通口を開孔し、前記貫通口から炉内溶融物を排出させることで立上げ時の溶融物の温度低下を抑制する、請求項1または2に記載の高炉操業方法。
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57104605A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-06-29 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for blowing out of blast furnace |
JPS57177905A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-11-01 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Emptying and blowing out operation for blast furnace |
JPH0196308A (ja) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-04-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高炉吹卸し操業方法 |
JPH0390505A (ja) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-04-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高炉吹卸し時の残銑低減方法 |
KR20030021487A (ko) * | 2001-09-06 | 2003-03-15 | 주식회사 포스코 | 고로의 종풍 조업 방법 |
-
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- 2023-04-12 JP JP2023546456A patent/JPWO2023223724A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-04-12 WO PCT/JP2023/014825 patent/WO2023223724A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57104605A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-06-29 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for blowing out of blast furnace |
JPS57177905A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-11-01 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Emptying and blowing out operation for blast furnace |
JPH0196308A (ja) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-04-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高炉吹卸し操業方法 |
JPH0390505A (ja) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-04-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高炉吹卸し時の残銑低減方法 |
KR20030021487A (ko) * | 2001-09-06 | 2003-03-15 | 주식회사 포스코 | 고로의 종풍 조업 방법 |
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