WO2023218720A1 - 洗浄装置及び洗浄方法 - Google Patents
洗浄装置及び洗浄方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023218720A1 WO2023218720A1 PCT/JP2023/005767 JP2023005767W WO2023218720A1 WO 2023218720 A1 WO2023218720 A1 WO 2023218720A1 JP 2023005767 W JP2023005767 W JP 2023005767W WO 2023218720 A1 WO2023218720 A1 WO 2023218720A1
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- Prior art keywords
- organic solvents
- metal
- mixed solvent
- cleaning
- organic solvent
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
- B08B7/026—Using sound waves
- B08B7/028—Using ultrasounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a cleaning device and a cleaning method.
- Patent Document 1 a powder bed fusion bonding method is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the powder bed fusion bonding method metal powder materials are spread flat to form a thin layer, and the areas of the thin layer that are to be hardened are irradiated with laser light to sinter or melt bond the powder materials.
- a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional object by manufacturing a metal additive manufacturing object, cleaning the metal additive manufacturing object, and removing unnecessary powder material (unhardened powder material, etc.) from the metal additive manufacturing object. It is.
- Patent Document 1 describes that powder adhering to a component is peeled off by emitting ultrasonic waves to the component dipped in a cleaning liquid.
- Patent Document 1 when producing a three-dimensional object using a metal such as copper or copper alloy that has a low melting point and low laser absorption efficiency, the laser light will be scattered in areas other than the irradiation area. In such a case, the entire body is heated by the scattered light and the temperature rises, which may result in sintering and bonding of the powders. If the powders are combined with each other, it becomes difficult to remove the unnecessary powder from the metal layered product. Since Patent Document 1 does not consider the cleaning liquid in which the metal layered product is immersed, the method of Patent Document 1 may not be able to sufficiently remove the unnecessary sintered metal powder.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a cleaning device and a cleaning method that can suitably remove unnecessary powder from a metal layered product.
- a cleaning device is a metal laminate formed by stacking layers of metal powder materials, some of which are fused or sintered by irradiating laser light.
- a cleaning device for cleaning a shaped object the interior of which is filled with a mixed solvent that is a liquid obtained by mixing a plurality of organic solvents, and a housing section that accommodates the metal laminate shaped object immersed in the mixed solvent. and an ultrasonic transmitter that transmits ultrasonic waves to the metal laminate model housed in the housing unit, wherein the plurality of organic solvents have a higher vapor pressure than the other organic solvents. It has a first organic solvent and a second organic solvent having a higher acoustic impedance than the other organic solvents.
- a cleaning method is a method of cleaning a metal powder material, which is formed by laminating layers of a metal powder material, some of which are fused or sintered by irradiation with a laser beam.
- a cleaning method for cleaning a metal laminate-produced object wherein the metal laminate-produced object is immersed in the mixed solvent in a container filled with a mixed solvent, which is a liquid obtained by mixing a plurality of organic solvents.
- the first organic solvent has a vapor pressure higher than that of the organic solvent, and the second organic solvent has a higher acoustic impedance than the other organic solvents.
- unnecessary powder can be suitably removed from a metal laminate-molded body.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a cleaning device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 3 is a flowchart illustrating a cleaning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a figure explaining the principle of powder removal by cavitation.
- the cleaning device 10 is used when manufacturing a three-dimensional metal structure.
- the metal used as the material is not particularly limited.
- it may be a metal with a low melting point and low laser absorption rate (e.g. copper or copper alloy), or a metal with a high melting point and high laser absorption rate (e.g. nickel alloy).
- a metal layered object is created by laminating layers of metal powder material, some of which are fused or sintered by irradiation with laser light. Model 20. Then, by removing unnecessary powder material from this metal layered object 20, a three-dimensional object is manufactured.
- the cleaning device 10 is used to remove unnecessary powder material from the metal layered product 20.
- a plurality of bottomed holes 21 are formed.
- the hole 21 is formed so as to be recessed from the surface of the metal layered product 20.
- the cleaning device 10 includes an outer container 11 serving as an outer shell, an inner container (accommodating portion) 12 provided inside the outer container 11, and a portion inside the outer container 11 below the inner container 12.
- An ultrasonic generator (ultrasonic transmitter) 13 provided in the ultrasonic generator 13 is provided.
- the outer container 11 has a cylindrical outer container main body portion 11a and an outer container bottom portion 11b that closes the lower end of the outer container main body portion 11a.
- the upper end of the outer container main body portion 11a is open.
- the inside of the outer container 11 is filled with a liquid (in this embodiment, as an example, water W).
- a liquid in this embodiment, as an example, water W.
- the substance filled inside the outer container 11 may be any substance that does not easily attenuate ultrasonic waves, and is not limited to water.
- the water level of the water W filled inside the outer container 11 is higher than the upper end of the inner container body 12a, which will be described later.
- the internal space of the outer container 11 is vertically divided by a perforated plate 14 extending horizontally.
- the outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 14 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the outer container 11.
- a plurality of holes are formed in the perforated plate 14 so as to penetrate in the vertical direction.
- the material of the perforated plate 14 is not particularly limited, it is preferably formed of a material that does not significantly attenuate the ultrasonic waves U from the ultrasonic generator 13 (for example, stainless steel).
- the inner container 12 integrally includes a cylindrical inner container main body 12a and an inner container bottom surface 12b that closes the lower end of the inner container main body 12a.
- the upper end of the inner container main body part 12a is closed from above by a lid part 12c.
- the inner container 12 is placed on the upper surface of the perforated plate 14.
- the inner container 12 is substantially entirely immersed in the water W filled in the outer container 11. Specifically, the inner container 12 is entirely immersed in the water W filled in the outer container 11, except for the upper part of the lid part 12c.
- the inside of the inner container 12 is filled with a liquid mixed solvent M that is a mixture of a plurality of (in this embodiment, three types of organic solvents) organic solvents. Moreover, a metal laminate-molded body 20 is accommodated inside the inner container 12 . Therefore, the metal laminate-molded body 20 immersed in the mixed solvent M is housed inside the inner container 12 . Details of the mixed solution will be described later.
- a supply pipe (not shown) is connected to the inner container 12 for supplying the mixed solvent M therein.
- the supply piping may be provided so as to penetrate through the lid portion 12c.
- the material of the inner container 12 is not particularly limited, it is preferably formed of a material that does not significantly attenuate the ultrasonic wave U from the ultrasonic generator 13 (for example, stainless steel).
- the mixed solvent M is a mixture of three types of organic solvents: a first organic solvent, a second organic solvent, and a third organic solvent.
- the reason why three types of organic solvents are mixed here is to improve the frequency and intensity of cavitation occurrence, as will be described later.
- the frequency and intensity of cavitation occurrence are improved.
- the first organic solvent has a higher vapor pressure than other organic solvents (in this embodiment, the second organic solvent and the third organic solvent) contained in the mixed solvent M.
- the first organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent having a vapor pressure of 2.5 kPa or more at room temperature, for example.
- the first organic solvent may be, for example, acetone. The ease with which a solvent evaporates (high vapor pressure) has a large effect on the frequency of cavitation occurrence.
- the second organic solvent has higher acoustic impedance (sound velocity x density) than other organic solvents (in this embodiment, the first organic solvent and the third organic solvent) contained in the mixed solvent M.
- the second organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent having an acoustic impedance of 700 kPa ⁇ s/m 3 or more at room temperature, for example.
- the second organic solvent may be, for example, methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, or ethanol. Acoustic impedance has a large effect on the intensity of cavitation.
- the third organic solvent has a lower viscosity than the other organic solvents (in this embodiment, the first organic solvent and the second organic solvent) contained in the mixed solvent M.
- the third organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent having a viscosity of 1.0 mPas or less at room temperature, for example.
- the third organic solvent may be, for example, n-hexane, n-pentane, or ether. Viscosity has a large effect on the intensity of cavitation occurrence.
- the mixing ratio of each organic solvent may be determined depending on the powder material to be removed, taking into consideration both cavitation intensity and frequency of occurrence.
- the ultrasonic generator 13 is arranged below the perforated plate 14.
- the ultrasonic generator 13 is provided on the upper surface of the outer container bottom portion 11b.
- the ultrasonic generator 13 transmits ultrasonic waves U upward.
- the ultrasonic generator 13 transmits ultrasonic waves U to the metal layered object 20 via the water W inside the outer container 11 and the mixed solvent M inside the inner container 12 .
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves U transmitted by the ultrasonic generator 13 is set to a frequency band of several tens to hundreds of kHz where cavitation occurs. Within this range, the smaller the frequency of the ultrasonic wave U, the more difficult it is for the amplitude to decrease, and the more likely cavitation will occur as a whole. Therefore, by setting the frequency of the ultrasonic wave U within this range, cavitation can be suitably generated and powder can be removed.
- the cleaning device 10 includes a control device that controls various devices (for example, an ultrasonic generator, etc.).
- the controller includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a main memory, a secondary storage (memory), and the like.
- the control device may include a communication unit for transmitting and receiving information to and from other devices.
- the main storage device is made up of a writable memory such as a cache memory or a RAM (Random Access Memory), and is used as a work area for reading an execution program of the CPU, writing processing data by the execution program, and the like.
- Secondary storage is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
- the secondary storage device is, for example, a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like.
- a series of processes for realizing various functions is stored in a secondary storage device in the form of a program, for example, and the CPU reads this program into the main storage device and executes information processing and arithmetic processing. By doing so, various functions are realized.
- the program may be pre-installed in a secondary storage device, stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or distributed via wired or wireless communication means. may be applied.
- Computer-readable storage media include magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, semiconductor memories, and the like.
- the cleaning method according to the present embodiment first vibrates the metal layered product 20 using a dry vibration device (not shown) to remove unnecessary powder material from the metal layered product 20 (step S1 ).
- the dry vibration device vibrates the metal laminate-molded body 20 without immersing it in liquid or the like. In this step, it is difficult to remove unnecessary powder material in a sintered state as described above.
- by providing a dry vibration step before ultrasonic cleaning to be described later it is possible to make it easier for the mixed solvent M to penetrate during ultrasonic cleaning.
- the metal laminate-molded body 20 is housed in a predetermined position of the inner container 12 and immersed in the mixed solvent M (accommodation step, step S2).
- the ultrasonic wave U is transmitted from the ultrasonic generator 13 (ultrasonic wave transmitting step), and the metal laminate molded body 20 is ultrasonically cleaned (step S3).
- the ultrasonic wave U is transmitted from the ultrasonic generator 13 (ultrasonic wave transmitting step), and the metal laminate molded body 20 is ultrasonically cleaned (step S3).
- cavitation occurs in the mixed solvent M. Since the sintered powder material is crushed by the occurrence of cavitation, unnecessary powder material can be removed from the metal layered product 20. The details of the principle of powder removal by cavitation will be described later.
- step S5 it is determined whether the amount of mixed solvent M in the inner container 12 is sufficient. Whether or not the amount of the mixed solvent M is sufficient may be determined, for example, based on whether or not a part of the metal laminate-molded object 20 is exposed from the mixed solvent M. In this case, if even a part of the metal layered product 20 is exposed from the mixed solvent M, it is determined that the amount of the mixed solvent M is not sufficient.
- step S5 If it is determined in step S5 that the amount of mixed solvent M in the inner container 12 is sufficient, the process returns to step S3 and ultrasonic cleaning is performed again. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S5 that the amount of mixed solvent M in inner container 12 is insufficient, mixed solvent M is added into inner container 12 via a supply pipe (not shown) (step S6). Then, the process returns to step S3 and ultrasonic cleaning is performed again.
- the metal laminate-molded body 20 is cleaned in this manner. Fine cracks (cracks with a depth of about 10 ⁇ m and a width of about 5 ⁇ m) unique to ultrasonic waves are generated on the surface of the metal layered product 20 that has been subjected to the cleaning method of this embodiment. Since the cracks are very small, they do not affect the quality of the manufactured three-dimensional object.
- step S4 when it is determined that the unnecessary powder material has been sufficiently removed from the metal laminate-molded body 20, the metal laminate-molded body 20 is taken out from the cleaning device 10 and placed in the dry vibrator (not shown) again. The metal layered product 20 may be vibrated. Since the powder material sintered in step S4 is crushed, the crushed powder material can be removed from the metal additive manufacturing body 20 by vibrating the metal additive manufacturing body 20 with a dry vibration device after step S4. .
- FIG. 3 the symbol P indicates the powder material remaining in the hole 21 of the metal layered product 20 in a state where the powder materials are sintered together. Further, symbol B indicates bubbles generated in the mixed solvent M by the ultrasonic wave U. In addition, in (a), the area surrounded by the two-dot chain line is shown in an enlarged manner.
- FIG. 3(b) shows a state in which a part of the powder material P in a sintered state has been removed.
- the powder material P in a sintered state can be removed.
- the ultrasonic wave U is transmitted to the metal laminate-molded object 20 that is immersed in the mixed solvent M.
- the mixed solvent M flows into the narrow portion. Therefore, the powder material P remaining in the narrow portion can be removed by the mixed solvent M that has flowed in.
- cavitation occurs in the mixed solvent M due to the ultrasonic waves U.
- the powder material P in a sintered state can be removed. In this manner, in this embodiment, unnecessary powder can be suitably removed from the metal layered product 20.
- the frequency of occurrence of cavitation is dominated by the ease with which the solvent evaporates (high vapor pressure) and has a large influence.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a first organic solvent with a high vapor pressure. Therefore, the frequency of occurrence of cavitation can be improved. Therefore, cavitation can be easily generated in the mixed solvent M, and the powder material P in a sintered state can be removed more suitably.
- the acoustic impedance (sound velocity x density) of the solvent is dominant and has a large influence on the intensity of cavitation.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a second organic solvent with high acoustic impedance. Thereby, the strength of cavitation can be improved. Therefore, cavitation can be easily generated in the mixed solvent M, and the powder material P in a sintered state can be removed more suitably.
- the strength of cavitation increases when the viscosity of the solvent is low.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a third organic solvent having a low viscosity. Therefore, the strength of cavitation can be improved. Therefore, cavitation can be easily generated in the mixed solvent M, and the powder material P in a sintered state can be removed more suitably.
- the frequency and intensity of cavitation can be improved in terms of the physical properties of vapor pressure and acoustic impedance. Therefore, the powder material P in a sintered state can be removed more suitably.
- the powder material P in a sintered state remaining in the narrow bottomed internal channel (for example, the hole 21 in this embodiment) can be suitably removed. Further, it is particularly effective when producing a three-dimensional object from a metal (for example, copper or copper alloy) that easily generates the powder material P in a sintered state, has a low melting point, and has a low laser absorption rate.
- the metal laminate-molded body 20 is immersed in water, there is a possibility that the metal laminate-molded body 20 will corrode during cleaning.
- the metal layered product 20 is immersed in an organic solvent. Thereby, when an organic solvent that does not corrode metal is used, corrosion of the metal layered product 20 during cleaning can be suppressed.
- the metal laminate-molded body 20 is dry-vibrated before performing the ultrasonic U cleaning. Therefore, after securing an infiltration path for the mixed solvent M by dry vibration, cavitation can be efficiently generated in the mixed solvent M having high vapor pressure and acoustic impedance. Therefore, the powder material P in a sintered state can be suitably removed.
- the ultrasound generator 13 may transmit ultrasound waves of a plurality of different frequencies. For example, if the larger frequency is an integral multiple of the smaller frequency, a larger amplitude can be generated. Therefore, the powder material P in a more sintered state can be removed more suitably. Further, when the larger frequency is not an integral multiple of the smaller frequency, amplitude unevenness in the mixed solvent M can be suppressed. Therefore, unnecessary powder can be suitably removed from the metal layered product 20.
- the ultrasound generator 13 may vary the frequency of the transmitted ultrasound at a predetermined period.
- an ultrasonic generator with a sweep function that changes the frequency of the irradiated ultrasonic waves at a constant cycle it is possible to suppress the generation of standing waves where the antinode and node positions of the amplitude are constant. . Therefore, the position where cavitation occurs can be varied. Therefore, uneven cleaning can be suppressed.
- the cleaning device 10 may include a vibrating section (not shown) that vibrates the metal laminate-molded body 20 housed in the inner container 12 in the vertical direction.
- a vibrating section (not shown) that vibrates the metal laminate-molded body 20 housed in the inner container 12 in the vertical direction.
- the cleaning device 10 may include a pressure reducing section (not shown) that alternately repeats reducing the pressure inside the inner container 12 and opening it to the atmosphere.
- the mixed solvent M in the inner container 12 is moved by alternately repeating the process of reducing the pressure inside the inner container 12 and opening it to the atmosphere. This makes it easier for the mixed solvent M to flow into the narrow portion of the metal layered product 20, for example.
- the mixed solvent M that has flowed in pushes out the powder material from the narrow portion. Therefore, the powder material can be suitably removed. Further, by flowing the mixed solvent M into the narrow portion, cavitation can be easily generated within the narrow portion. Therefore, the powder material P in a sintered state can be removed more suitably.
- the reduced pressure value may be determined in consideration of both the cavitation strength and the degree of penetration of the mixed solvent M, depending on the object of powder removal.
- a mixed solvent which is a mixture of three types of organic solvents: a first organic solvent, a second organic solvent, and a third organic solvent. It is sufficient that two organic solvents are included, and the number of organic solvents to be mixed is not limited to three. The number of organic solvents to be mixed may be, for example, only two types, the first organic solvent and the second organic solvent. Organic solvents other than the first organic solvent, second organic solvent, and third organic solvent may be mixed.
- a cleaning device is a metal powder material formed by stacking layers of metal powder material, some of which are fused or sintered by irradiating laser light.
- a storage section (12) that stores the metal laminate-molded object, and an ultrasonic transmitter (13) that transmits an ultrasonic wave (U) to the metal laminate-molded object accommodated in the storage section.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a first organic solvent having a higher vapor pressure than the other organic solvents, and a second organic solvent having a higher acoustic impedance than the other organic solvents.
- ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the metal layered product that is immersed in the mixed solvent.
- the mixed solvent will flow into the narrow part. Therefore, the powder material remaining in the narrow portion can be removed by the mixed solvent that has flowed in.
- cavitation occurs in the mixed solvent due to ultrasonic waves.
- the sintered powder material can be crushed by the high-pressure, high-speed flow of the mixed solvent generated when bubbles generated in the mixed solvent collide with the sintered powder material. Thereby, the powder material in a sintered state can be removed. In this way, with the above configuration, unnecessary powder can be suitably removed from the metal layered product.
- the frequency of occurrence of cavitation is dominated by the ease with which the solvent evaporates (high vapor pressure) and has a large influence.
- the plurality of organic solvents include the first organic solvent having a high vapor pressure.
- the frequency of occurrence of cavitation can be improved. Therefore, cavitation can be easily generated in the mixed solvent, and the powder material in a sintered state can be removed more appropriately.
- the first organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent having a vapor pressure of 2.5 kPa or more at room temperature, for example.
- the first organic solvent may be acetone.
- the acoustic impedance (sound velocity x density) of the solvent is dominant and has a large influence on the intensity of cavitation.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a second organic solvent having high acoustic impedance.
- the strength of cavitation can be improved. Therefore, cavitation can be easily generated in the mixed solvent, and the powder material in a sintered state can be removed more appropriately.
- the second organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent having an acoustic impedance of 700 kPa ⁇ s/m 3 or more at room temperature, for example.
- the second organic solvent may be methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, or ethanol.
- the frequency and intensity of cavitation can be improved in terms of the physical properties of vapor pressure and acoustic impedance. Therefore, the powder material in a sintered state can be removed more appropriately.
- the metal laminate model is immersed in water, there is a possibility that the metal laminate model will corrode during cleaning.
- the metal layered product is immersed in an organic solvent.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a third organic solvent having a lower viscosity than the other organic solvents.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a third organic solvent having a low viscosity.
- the strength of cavitation can be improved. Therefore, cavitation can be easily generated in the mixed solvent, and the powder material in a sintered state can be removed more appropriately.
- the third organic solvent is preferably an organic solvent having a viscosity of 1.0 mPas or less at room temperature, for example.
- the third organic solvent may be n-hexane, n-pentane, or ether.
- the ultrasonic transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves of a plurality of different frequencies.
- the ultrasonic transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves of a plurality of different frequencies.
- the larger frequency is an integral multiple of the smaller frequency
- a larger amplitude can be generated.
- the larger frequency is not an integral multiple of the smaller frequency
- amplitude unevenness in the mixed solvent can be suppressed. Therefore, unnecessary powder can be suitably removed from the metal layered product.
- the ultrasonic transmitter varies the frequency of the transmitted ultrasonic waves at a predetermined period.
- the ultrasonic transmitter changes the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be transmitted at a predetermined period. Thereby, the generation of standing waves can be suppressed. Therefore, the position where cavitation occurs can be varied. Therefore, uneven cleaning of the metal layered product can be suppressed.
- the cleaning device in any one of the first to fourth aspects, includes a vibrating section that vertically vibrates the metal laminate-molded object accommodated in the accommodation section.
- the above configuration includes a vibrating section that vertically vibrates the metal laminate-molded object accommodated in the accommodating section.
- the cleaning device in any one of the first to fifth aspects, includes a depressurization part that alternately repeats depressurization inside the storage part and opening to the atmosphere.
- the above configuration includes a pressure reducing part that reduces the pressure inside the housing part and opens it to the atmosphere.
- the mixed solvent inside the housing moves. This makes it easier for the mixed solvent to flow into the narrow portion, for example.
- the mixed solvent that flows in forces the powder material out of the narrow section. Therefore, the powder material can be suitably removed. Further, by flowing the mixed solvent into the narrow portion, cavitation can be easily generated within the narrow portion. Therefore, the powder material in a sintered state can be removed more appropriately.
- a cleaning method is a method of cleaning a metal formed by stacking layers of a metal powder material, some of which are fused or sintered by irradiating laser light.
- a cleaning method for cleaning a laminate-produced object (20) which comprises immersing a accommodating part (12) filled with a mixed solvent (M), which is a liquid containing a plurality of organic solvents, in the mixed solvent.
- the plurality of organic solvents include a first organic solvent having a higher vapor pressure than the other organic solvents, and a second organic solvent having a higher acoustic impedance than the other organic solvents.
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Abstract
Description
本開示の一態様に係る洗浄装置は、金属製の粉末材料を敷きつめた層であって一部にレーザ光を照射して溶融結合又は焼結させた層を積層することにより造形された金属積層造形体を洗浄する洗浄装置であって、複数の有機溶媒を混合した液体である混合溶媒が内部に充填されていて、前記混合溶媒に浸された状態の前記金属積層造形体を収容する収容部と、前記収容部に収容された前記金属積層造形体に対して、超音波を送信する超音波送信部と、を備え、複数の前記有機溶媒は、他の前記有機溶媒よりも蒸気圧が高い第1有機溶媒と、他の前記有機溶媒よりも音響インピーダンスが高い第2有機溶媒と、を有している。
本実施形態に係る洗浄装置10は、金属製の立体造形物を製造する際に用いられる。材料とする金属は特に限定されない。例えば、融点が低く、かつ、レーザ吸収率の低い金属(例えば、銅や銅合金)であってもよく、また、融点が高く、かつ、レーザ吸収率が高い金属(例えば、ニッケル合金)であってもよい。
立体造形物を製造する際には、まず、金属製の粉末材料を敷きつめた層であって一部にレーザ光を照射して溶融結合又は焼結させた層を積層することにより金属積層造形体20を造形する。そして、この金属積層造形体20から不必要な粉末材料を除去することで立体造形物が製造される。本実施形態に係る洗浄装置10は、金属積層造形体20から不必要な粉末材料を除去する際に用いられる。
本実施形態の金属積層造形体20は、有底状の穴21が複数形成されている。穴21は、金属積層造形体20の表面から凹むように形成されている。
外側容器11の内部に充填されている水Wの水面は、後述する内側容器本体部12aの上端よりも高い。
内側容器12の材質は特に限定されないが、超音波発生装置13からの超音波Uを大きく減衰させないような材料(例えば、ステンレス)で形成されることが好ましい。
混合溶媒Mには、第1有機溶媒、第2有機溶媒及び第3有機溶媒の3種類の有機溶媒が混合されている。ここで3種類の有機溶媒を混合するのは、後述するように、キャビテーションの発生頻度と発生強度を向上させるためである。混合溶媒Mに含まれる各有機溶媒の蒸気圧と音響インピーダンスの両方の特性が、必要な条件を満たすことでキャビテーションの発生頻度と発生強度が向上する。
制御装置(Controller)は、例えば、CPU(Central Processing Unit:プロセッサ)、主記憶装置(Main Memory)、二次記憶装置(Secondary storage:メモリ)等を備えている。更に、制御装置は、他の装置と情報の送受信を行うための通信部を備えていてもよい。
主記憶装置は、例えば、キャッシュメモリ、RAM(Random Access Memory)等の書き込み可能なメモリで構成され、CPUの実行プログラムの読み出し、実行プログラムによる処理データの書き込み等を行う作業領域として利用される。
二次記憶装置は、非一時的なコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体(non-transitory computer readable storage medium)である。二次記憶装置は、例えば、磁気ディスク、光磁気ディスク、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、半導体メモリなどである。
各種機能を実現するための一連の処理は、一例として、プログラムの形式で二次記憶装置に記憶されており、このプログラムをCPUが主記憶装置に読み出して、情報の加工・演算処理を実行することにより、各種機能が実現される。なお、プログラムは、二次記憶装置に予めインストールしておく形態や、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体に記憶された状態で提供される形態、有線又は無線による通信手段を介して配信される形態等が適用されてもよい。コンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体とは、磁気ディスク、光磁気ディスク、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、半導体メモリ等である。
本実施形態に係る洗浄方法は、図1に示すように、最初に乾式振動装置(図示省略)により金属積層造形体20を振動させ金属積層造形体20から不要な粉末材料を除去する(ステップS1)。乾式振動装置では、金属積層造形体20を液体等に浸すことなく振動させる。このステップでは、上述したような、焼結した状態の不要な粉末材料については除去することが難しい。しかしながら、後述する超音波洗浄の前に乾式振動ステップを設けることで、超音波洗浄する際に、混合溶媒Mを浸透させ易くすることができる。
超音波洗浄を終えると、次に、金属積層造形体20から不要な粉末材料を十分に除去することができたかを判断する(ステップS4)。不要な粉末材料の除去が完了していると判断した場合には、金属積層造形体20の洗浄を終了する。
なお、ステップS4で、金属積層造形体20から不要な粉末材料を十分に除去することができたと判断した場合に、金属積層造形体20を洗浄装置10から取り出し、再度乾式振動装置(図示省略)で金属積層造形体20を振動させてもよい。ステップS4で焼結した粉末材料が破砕されるので、ステップS4の後に乾式振動装置で金属積層造形体20を振動させることで、破砕された粉末材料を金属積層造形体20から除去することができる。
図3において符号Pは、粉末材料同士が焼結した状態で、金属積層造形体20の穴21に残存した粉末材料を示している。また、符号Bは、超音波Uによって混合溶媒Mで発生した気泡を示している。また、(a)では、二点鎖線で囲った領域を拡大して図示している。
本実施形態では、混合溶媒Mに浸された状態の金属積層造形体20に対して超音波Uを送信している。これにより、例えば、金属積層造形体20に狭小部があったと場合であっても、狭小部内に混合溶媒Mが流入する。したがって、流入した混合溶媒Mによって狭小部内に残存している粉末材料Pを除去することできる。
また、本実施形態では、超音波Uによって混合溶媒Mにキャビテーションが発生する。混合溶媒M中に発生した泡が発泡する際に生じる高圧・高速の混合溶媒Mの流れが焼結状態の粉末材料Pに衝突することで、焼結状態の粉末材料Pを破砕することができる。これにより、焼結状態の粉末材料Pを除去することができる。
このように、本実施形態では、金属積層造形体20から不要な粉末を好適に除去することができる。
特に、本実施形態では、狭小な有底状の内部流路(例えば、本実施形態の穴21)に残存している焼結状態の粉末材料Pを好適に除去することができる。
また、焼結状態の粉末材料Pが発生し易い、融点が低く、かつ、レーザ吸収率の低い金属(例えば、銅や銅合金)から立体造形物を作製する際に特に有効である。
また、大きい側の周波数が小さい側の周波数の整数倍でない場合、混合溶媒M中での振幅のムラを抑制することができる。
したがって、金属積層造形体20から不要な粉末を好適に除去することができる。
内側容器12の内部の減圧と大気開放とを交互に繰り返すことで、内側容器12内の混合溶媒Mが移動する。これにより、例えば、金属積層造形体20の狭小部に混合溶媒Mが流入し易くなる。流入した混合溶媒Mは、粉末材料を狭小部から押し出す。よって、好適に粉末材料を除去することができる。
また、狭小部に混合溶媒Mが流入することで、狭小部内でキャビテーションを発生し易くすることができる。したがって、焼結状態の粉末材料Pをより好適に除去することができる。
なお、内側容器12内を減圧しすぎるとキャビテーションが発砲する頻度が著しく低下してしまう。これは、減圧の影響で、発生した気体が発砲する前に液体の外へ抜けてしまうためと考えられる。したがって、減圧値は、粉末除去対象に応じて、キャビテーション強度と混合溶媒Mの侵入度合いの双方の観点を考慮して決定してもよい。
また、上記構成では、超音波によって混合溶媒にキャビテーションが発生する。混合溶媒中に発生した泡が発泡する際に生じる高圧・高速の混合溶媒の流れが焼結状態の粉末材料に衝突することで、焼結状態の粉末材料を破砕することができる。これにより、焼結状態の粉末材料を除去することができる。
このように、上記構成では、金属積層造形体から不要な粉末を好適に除去することができる。
なお、第1有機溶媒は、例えば、蒸気圧が室温で2.5kPa以上となる有機溶媒であると好適である。例えば、第1有機溶媒は、アセトンであってもよい。
なお、第2有機溶媒は、例えば、音響インピーダンスが室温で700kPa・s/m3以上となる有機溶媒であると好適である。例えば、第2有機溶媒は、メチルエチルケトン(Methyl ethyl ketone)や、イソプロピルアルコールやエタノールであってもよい。
なお、第3有機溶媒は、例えば、粘度が室温で1.0mPas以下となる有機溶媒であると好適である。例えば、第3有機溶媒は、n-ヘキサンやn-ペンタンやエーテルであってもよい。
また、狭小部に混合溶媒が流入することで、狭小部内でキャビテーションを発生し易くすることができる。したがって、焼結状態の粉末材料をより好適に除去することができる。
11 :外側容器
11a :外側容器本体部
11b :外側容器底面部
12 :内側容器
12a :内側容器本体部
12b :内側容器底面部
12c :蓋部
13 :超音波発生装置
14 :多孔板
20 :金属積層造形体
21 :穴
A :矢印
B :気泡
M :混合溶媒
P :粉末材料
U :超音波
W :水
Claims (7)
- 金属製の粉末材料を敷きつめた層であって一部にレーザ光を照射して溶融結合又は焼結させた層を積層することにより造形された金属積層造形体を洗浄する洗浄装置であって、
複数の有機溶媒を混合した液体である混合溶媒が内部に充填されていて、前記混合溶媒に浸された状態の前記金属積層造形体を収容する収容部と、
前記収容部に収容された前記金属積層造形体に対して、超音波を送信する超音波送信部と、を備え、
複数の前記有機溶媒は、他の前記有機溶媒よりも蒸気圧が高い第1有機溶媒と、他の前記有機溶媒よりも音響インピーダンスが高い第2有機溶媒と、を有している洗浄装置。 - 複数の前記有機溶媒は、他の前記有機溶媒よりも粘度が低い第3有機溶媒を有する請求項1に記載の洗浄装置。
- 前記超音波送信部は、複数の異なる周波数の超音波を送信する請求項1に記載の洗浄装置。
- 前記超音波送信部は、送信する超音波の周波数を所定の周期で変動させる請求項1に記載の洗浄装置。
- 前記収容部に収容された前記金属積層造形体を上下方向に振動させる振動部を備える請求項1に記載の洗浄装置。
- 前記収容部の内部の減圧と大気開放とを交互に繰り返す減圧部を備える請求項1に記載の洗浄装置。
- 金属製の粉末材料を敷きつめた層であって一部にレーザ光を照射して溶融結合又は焼結させた層を積層することにより造形された金属積層造形体を洗浄する洗浄方法であって、
複数の有機溶媒を混合した液体である混合溶媒が内部に充填されている収容部に、前記混合溶媒に浸された状態で前記金属積層造形体を収容する収容工程と、
前記収容部に収容された前記金属積層造形体に対して、超音波送信部から超音波を送信する超音波送信工程と、を備え、
複数の前記有機溶媒は、他の前記有機溶媒よりも蒸気圧が高い第1有機溶媒と、他の前記有機溶媒よりも音響インピーダンスが高い第2有機溶媒と、を有している洗浄方法。
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| JPH07185484A (ja) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-25 | Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd | 減圧洗浄方法及び装置 |
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| EP4129631A4 (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-10-04 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOLDING KIT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPED ARTICLE |
| US12090551B2 (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2024-09-17 | Divergent Technologies, Inc. | Removal of supports, and other materials from surface, and within hollow 3D printed parts |
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| JPH07185484A (ja) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-25 | Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd | 減圧洗浄方法及び装置 |
| JPH08267029A (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Toray Ind Inc | 超音波洗浄方法およびその装置 |
| JP2018529547A (ja) * | 2015-07-30 | 2018-10-11 | コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン | 付加製造プレートをクリーニングするユニット |
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