WO2023217264A1 - 用于电动工具的转动式换向开关和开关组件 - Google Patents

用于电动工具的转动式换向开关和开关组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023217264A1
WO2023217264A1 PCT/CN2023/093810 CN2023093810W WO2023217264A1 WO 2023217264 A1 WO2023217264 A1 WO 2023217264A1 CN 2023093810 W CN2023093810 W CN 2023093810W WO 2023217264 A1 WO2023217264 A1 WO 2023217264A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reversing
switch
reed
contact piece
seat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/093810
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙立峰
Original Assignee
博世电动工具（中国）有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 博世电动工具（中国）有限公司 filed Critical 博世电动工具（中国）有限公司
Publication of WO2023217264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023217264A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/10—Bases; Stationary contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/20—Driving mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H01H3/12—Push-buttons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/04—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a rotary reversing switch for an electric power tool and a switch assembly containing such a reversing switch.
  • Power tools are usually equipped with a reversal switch to control the reversal of the power tool.
  • a reed provided on the reversing block is used to slide on a matching copper foil provided on the circuit board to provide a reversing signal.
  • the sliding of the reed at this connection will simultaneously reduce the life of the reed and the copper foil, that is, it will shorten the life of the reed and the copper foil.
  • the service life of the reversing switch may cause the reversing switch to be unable to provide a reversing signal.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a reversing switch for electric tools and a switch assembly including such a reversing switch, which can suppress or solve the problem of sliding between the reed and copper foil of the reversing switch in the prior art. The problem.
  • the present application provides a rotary reversing switch for an electric tool, which includes: a reversing rod that can be pulled; and is configured to be driven by the reversing rod to rotate around a rotating axis at a first rotation position and a reversing seat that rotates between the second rotational positions; a fixedly arranged circuit board, the rotation axis is arranged substantially parallel to the circuit board; and a turn signal generating element that cooperates with each other and is disposed on the reversing seat and the circuit board ; In the first rotational position, the turn signal generating element generates a first rotational direction signal for the power tool, and in the second rotational position, the turn signal generating element generates a second rotational direction signal for the power tool. direction signal.
  • the turn signal generating element includes:
  • a reed arranged on the reversing seat, the reed includes two elastic fingers;
  • a contact piece disposed on the circuit board and configured to cooperate with the reed, the contact piece including two discrete contact pieces longitudinally separated from each other and a continuous contact piece located transversely of the two discrete contact pieces;
  • an elastic finger of the reed presses a discrete contact piece and the continuous contact piece to connect the discrete contact piece with the continuous contact piece.
  • the other elastic finger of the reed presses the other discrete contact piece and the continuous contact piece to connect the other discrete contact piece with the continuous contact piece.
  • the reed further includes a middle portion located between the two elastic fingers, the middle portion is fixed on the outer peripheral portion of the reversing seat, and the two elastic fingers can move toward the direction of the reversing seat.
  • the outer peripheral part of the reversing seat is elastically deformed.
  • the reed further includes a wing extending from the middle part and inserted into the reversing seat.
  • the turn signal generating element includes:
  • a commutation Hall element is provided on the circuit board and cooperates with the magnet.
  • the commutation magnet is a single elongated magnet, and the elongated magnet has two ends opposite to each other;
  • the commutation Hall element includes two Hall elements longitudinally separated from each other;
  • one end of the elongated magnet in the first rotational position, one end of the elongated magnet is close to one of the two Hall elements, and in the second rotational position, an end of the elongated magnet is close to one of the two Hall elements. The other end is close to the other of the two Hall elements.
  • the commutating magnet includes two magnets longitudinally separated from each other;
  • the commutation Hall element includes two Hall elements longitudinally separated from each other;
  • one of the two magnets in the first rotational position, one of the two magnets is close to one of the two Hall elements, and in the second rotational position, the other of the two magnets is close to one of the two Hall elements.
  • a magnet is located close to the other of the two Hall elements.
  • the reversing seat is configured as a universal reversing seat that can be installed with both reeds and magnets.
  • the reversing seat is equipped with an elastic limiting structure configured to maintain the reversing rod in the first rotational position, the second rotational position, and between the first and second rotational positions. the middle position between.
  • This application also provides a switch assembly for an electric tool, including:
  • Power switch used to turn on and off the power of the power tool
  • Speed regulating switch is used to regulate the speed of electric tools.
  • the switch assembly may also include:
  • a single housing used to carry the reversing switch, power switch and speed control switch
  • the power switch and the circuit board are installed in the housing, and the on-off state of the power switch depends on the action of the speed regulating switch.
  • the reversing switch used in electric tools of the present application is a rotary reversing switch.
  • the reversing base The signal components on the circuit board do not slide on the insulating substrate of the circuit board, so the service life of the reversing switch will not be shortened, and the problem of the reversing switch being unable to provide a reversing signal due to the generation of non-conductive debris is avoided.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a switch assembly according to a possible implementation of the present application
  • FIGS 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams showing the two states in which the power switch in the switch assembly is controlled by the speed control switch;
  • Figures 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of the main part of a reed reversing switch that can be used in the switch assembly;
  • Figures 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of the reed in the reed reversing switch
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the contact piece on the circuit board in the switch assembly that cooperates with the reed;
  • Figures 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of the two states of operation of the reed reversing switch
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a modification of the main part of the reed reversing switch
  • Figures 12 and 13 are schematic diagrams of two states of operation of a Hall-type reversing switch that can be used in the switch assembly;
  • Figures 14 and 15 are schematic diagrams of two states of operation of a modified Hall type reversing switch
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 are schematic diagrams of the internal structure of a switch assembly according to other possible implementations of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the stop structure and elastic limit structure of the reversing switch
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another speed regulating switch that can be used in the switch assembly.
  • Figure 20 and Figure 21 are reversal switches that can be commonly used in reed reversing switches and Hall reversing switches. Diagram of the seat.
  • the present application generally relates to a switch assembly for a power tool and a reversing switch thereof.
  • Some possible implementations of the switch assembly of the present application and its reversing switch are shown in the drawings. It is noted that in the drawings some structural details have been omitted for clarity and that the drawings are not drawn to scale.
  • the switch assembly includes a housing 1.
  • the housing 1 has a front wall 1a and a rear wall 1b.
  • the main body part of the switch assembly is sealed in the housing 1.
  • the control part of the switch assembly extends out of the housing 1 through the front wall 1a. , for user control.
  • the housing 1 may be formed separately and mounted within a power tool housing (not shown), or may be formed from a portion of the power tool housing. No matter which way the housing 1 is formed, the control part of the switch assembly extends outside the power tool housing to a position that is convenient for manipulation by the user's fingers.
  • the switch assembly includes a power switch 2, a speed regulating switch 3, and a reversing switch 4 arranged side by side, and a circuit board 5 arranged facing the main part of the power switch 2, the speed regulating switch 3, and the reversing switch 4, wherein The power switch 2 and the circuit board 5 are arranged inside the housing 1 .
  • the main part 6 of the speed control switch 3 is arranged in the housing 1 and can be directed toward the front wall in the housing 1 through a guide structure 7 (such as a guide groove, a guide bump, etc.) that cooperates with the guide portion in the housing 1 1a or the rear wall 1b slides longitudinally.
  • a guide structure 7 such as a guide groove, a guide bump, etc.
  • the main body part 6 is equipped with a magnet 8 which cooperates with a linear Hall element 9 arranged on the circuit board 5 .
  • the speed control switch 3 is also equipped with a return spring 11 arranged around a positioning rod 10 mounted on the rear wall 1b. The thrust generated by the return spring 11 tends to force the body portion 6 to move toward the front wall 1a.
  • the end surface of the main body part 6 facing the front wall 1a is connected to the push rod 12.
  • the push rod 12 is exposed outside the housing 1 through the front wall 1a, and the end 12a of the push rod 12 is fixed in the button 13.
  • the button 13 may be configured to be pressed by a user's finger, in particular the thumb or index finger, for movement towards the front wall 1a.
  • one or more guide posts 14 are formed on the front wall 1 a. The guide posts 14 are inserted into the guide structure in the button 13 for guiding the movement of the button 13 relative to the housing 1 .
  • a flexible sealing sleeve 15 for example a corrugated sealing sleeve, is installed between the flange portion 12b of the push rod 12 near the end 12a and the front wall 1a.
  • the rear end of the return spring 11 is supported by the bottom flange of the positioning rod 10 and the front end of the return spring 11 is inserted into the main part 6 or even into the push rod 12 .
  • the return spring 11 keeps the button 13 at the position closest to the front wall 1a through the push rod 12.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a limiting structure (not shown) for limiting the extreme position of the main body portion 6 moving toward the front wall 1a.
  • the magnet 8 is far away from the linear Hall element 9, and the magnetic field does not trigger the linear Hall element 9.
  • the magnetic field strength of the linear Hall element 9 increases accordingly, and the output voltage of the linear Hall element 9 also changes accordingly.
  • the speed signal desired by the user is output on the circuit board 5 .
  • the main body 6 slides in the direction toward the front wall 1a (longitudinal lifting direction), and the magnet 8 gradually leaves the linear Hall element 9, acting on the linear Hall element 9.
  • the magnetic field of the Er element 9 gradually weakens, whereby the output voltage on the circuit board 5 gradually changes and eventually turns off the power tool.
  • the power switch 2 of this application is controlled by the speed control switch 3. Specifically, the main body part 6 and the power switch 2 are arranged substantially side by side. The main body portion 6 is formed with a transverse protrusion 16 at its end facing the rear wall 1b. On the other hand, the power switch 2 is a mechanical on-off switch, which has a push-type switch button 17 on the side facing the rear wall 1b, and the terminal 18 of the power switch 2 is connected (for example, directly welded) to the circuit board 5 superior.
  • the push-type switch button 17 is arranged facing the transverse protrusion 16, and in the free release position of the speed control switch 3, the transverse protrusion 16 presses down the switch button 17, that is, the switch button 17 is in the first button position.
  • the transverse protrusion 16 moves away from the power switch 2, and the switch button 17 extends a short distance under the action of the built-in push spring until it separates from the transverse protrusion 16 and reaches The second button position in the free state.
  • the power switch 2 is provided with a contact element 19 that follows the switch button 17, see Figures 2 and 3.
  • the switch button 17 is pressed down by the transverse protrusion 16 and is in the first button position.
  • the contact element 19 maintains one of the two corresponding contacts in the power switch 2. Intermittent disconnection, the power switch 2 is in the disconnected state to disconnect the power supply of the power tool (external power supply or built-in power supply).
  • the switch button 17 When the user presses the button 13, the main part 6 of the speed control switch 3 moves toward the rear wall 1b, and the switch button 17 is released by the transverse protrusion 16 and reaches the free second button position, as shown in Figure 3 As shown, the contact element 19 acts to connect two corresponding contacts, and the power switch 2 is in the on state, generating a power on signal, so that the power line of the electric tool is connected.
  • the user's finger always presses the button 13, and the transverse protrusion 16 remains separated from the switch button 17, so the switch button 17 maintains the second button position which is not affected by the transverse protrusion 16.
  • the power switch 2 will not be affected by any interference, and there will be no relative movement between the contact element 19 in the power switch 2 and the corresponding contact point.
  • the service life of the switch 2 is damaged, and the on state of the power switch 2 can be reliably maintained.
  • the main part 6 of the speed control switch 3 moves toward the front wall 1a, and the switch button 17 will be pressed down by the transverse protrusion 16 and return to the first button position, thereby turning off the power switch 2 , generating a power disconnect signal to disconnect the power line of the power tool.
  • the transverse protruding portion 16 constitutes the operating portion of the power switch 2 .
  • the power switch 2 When the button 13 is not pressed, the power switch 2 remains off and the power tool is not powered, thereby avoiding power consumption during non-working periods.
  • the reversing switch 4 includes a reversing rod 20 for realizing rotation switching of the reversing switch 4 .
  • the reversing lever 20 has a pivot shaft 21, and an outer handle portion 22 and an inner handle portion 23 extending in substantially opposite directions from both ends of the pivot shaft 21.
  • the outer handle 22 and the inner handle 23 may be integrally formed with the pivot 21 , or one or both of the outer handle 22 and the inner handle 23 may be independently supported and fixedly assembled on the pivot 21 .
  • the pivot 21 is pivotably supported by the internal structure in the housing 1 .
  • the outer handle 22 extends from the pivot 21 to above the front wall 1a.
  • the end of the outer handle 22 is provided with a handle 24 for the user to pull in two opposite pulling directions.
  • the inner handle 23 extends within the housing 1 toward the rear wall 1b.
  • the pivot axis 21 is approximately parallel to the circuit board 5 .
  • the reversing switch 4 also includes a reversing base 25 provided in the housing 1 .
  • the reversing seat 25 is made of insulating plastic and has a rotating shaft 26 that is supported by the internal structure of the housing 1 and is rotatable.
  • the rotating shaft 26 is generally parallel to the circuit board 5 , and is preferably generally parallel to the pivot axis 21 .
  • the reversing seat 25 generally faces the lower part of the inner handle 23 .
  • a lever 27 is provided at the lower part of the inner handle 23 .
  • the lever 27 is inserted into a substantially vertically extending guide groove 28 in the reversing seat 26 , so that the lever 27 can move the reversing seat 25 to rotate back and forth around the rotation axis 26 . In this way, when the user pulls the handle 24, the reversing seat 25 will rotate around the rotation axis 26.
  • a reed 30 is fixed on the reversing seat 25 , and the reed 30 is arranged facing the circuit board 5 .
  • the reversing seat 25 and the reed 30 constitute the main part of the reversing switch 4 .
  • the reed 30 is an integral elastic structure, including a substantially flat middle portion 31.
  • the middle portion 31 is fixed to a substantially flat fixing portion 38 formed on the outer peripheral portion of the reversing seat 25 , for example, by screws 32 .
  • the fixed portion 38 is parallel to the rotating axis 26 .
  • Wings 33 extending perpendicularly to the middle portion 31 toward the reversing seat 25 may be formed on one or both sides of the middle portion 31 .
  • the wings 33 are inserted into slots formed in the reversing seat 25 to facilitate the positioning of the reed 30 relative to the reversing seat 25 .
  • Barbs 40 can be punched out on the wings 33 to facilitate the fixation of the wings 33 in the reversing seat 25 .
  • Elastically deformable spring fingers 34 extend from both longitudinal sides of the middle portion 31 .
  • Each spring finger 34 can be branched into two groups (two in each group in the example shown) of finger rods 35, the end of each finger rod 35 forming a curved contact portion 36.
  • the two spring fingers 34 are generally symmetrical relative to the middle portion 31 , and both are inclined at an angle relative to the middle portion 31 toward the reversing seat 25 .
  • the outer peripheral portion of the reversing seat 25 facing the two spring fingers 34 respectively forms inclined surfaces 39 .
  • Each spring finger 34 may be biased in the direction of ramp 39 .
  • the inclined surface 39 can be a flat surface or an arc surface.
  • the circuit board 5 is provided with two longitudinally spaced discrete contacts (such as copper foil) 41, and a transversely located two discrete contacts 41.
  • Continuous contacts e.g. copper foil
  • the positions of the continuous contact piece 42 and the two discrete contact pieces 41 are designed such that when the user does not pull the handle 24, the reed 30 remains in contact with neither the continuous contact piece 42 nor the two discrete contact pieces 41, as shown in Figure 9 It shows that both the continuous contact piece 42 and the two discrete contact pieces 41 are in a disconnected state.
  • the contact portion 36 on one side of the reed 30 contacts the corresponding discrete contact piece 41 and the continuous contact piece 42.
  • the respective ends and thus establish an electrical connection between the discrete contact piece 41 and the continuous contact piece 42 .
  • the reversing seat 25 rotates around the rotation axis 26 along the first rotation direction, for example as shown in FIG.
  • the control unit can determine the direction of the output movement (especially rotation) of the power tool desired by the user, and control the driving element of the power tool (such as a motor) that enables the power tool to function in the way the user expects movement toward the output.
  • This reversing switch 4 using reed 30 can be called a reed reversing switch.
  • the reed 30 remains in contact with neither the continuous contact 42 nor the two discrete contacts 41.
  • the contact portion 36 of the finger rod 35 of the corresponding spring finger 34 of the reed 30 is connected with the corresponding end of the corresponding discrete contact piece 41 and the continuous contact piece 42 Contact occurs between parts and conduction is established.
  • the contact portion 36 of the finger rod 35 of the corresponding spring finger 34 contacts the corresponding end of the corresponding discrete contact piece 41 and the continuous contact piece 42 The contact pressure between parts gradually increases.
  • the two discrete contact pieces 41 and the continuous contact piece 42 are directly flattened on the surface of the circuit board 5.
  • the two discrete contact pieces 41 And the continuous contacts 42 can be arranged on the surface of the circuit board 5 through spacers 43 .
  • the spacer block 43 forms a slope, so that the two ends of the two discrete contact pieces 41 and the continuous contact piece 42 are relative to the circuit board.
  • each contact portion 36 can be pressed against the corresponding end portions of the discrete contact piece 41 and the continuous contact piece 42 substantially perpendicularly to the corresponding end portions of the discrete contact piece 41 and the continuous contact piece 42 .
  • a Hall reversing switch can be used.
  • a single elongated magnet 44 is provided on the reversing seat 25 , and the magnet 44 has two end portions 45 with opposite polarities. Each end 45 is close to the outer periphery of the reversing seat 25 .
  • Two corresponding Hall elements 46 are provided on the circuit board 5 . When the user does not pull the handle 24, the two ends 45 of the magnet 44 are away from the corresponding Hall elements 46.
  • the magnetic field of the magnet 44 basically does not act on the two Hall elements 46, or only A very weak magnetic field acts on Hall element 46 .
  • the inner handle 23 is provided with a gear 48 and the reversing seat 25 is provided with a gear 49 .
  • Gear 48 meshes with gear 49.
  • gears 48 and 49 may be in the form of sector gears.
  • Other aspects of the embodiment shown in Figure 16 are the same or similar to the previously described embodiments and will not be described in detail here.
  • the power switch 2 is equipped with a trigger switch button 50 on the side.
  • a longitudinally extending actuating groove 51 is provided on the side of the main body portion 6 of the speed regulating switch 3 facing the power switch 2 .
  • the end of the switch button 50 is inserted into the actuating groove 51 .
  • the actuating groove 51 constitutes the control part of the power switch 2 .
  • the switch button 50 has a first button position (shown as a solid line in Figure 17) inclined toward the front wall 1a side and a second button position (shown as a dotted line in Figure 17) inclined towards the rear wall 1b side, and can be Rotate between the first button position and the second button position.
  • the speed regulating switch 3 is provided with a bias element to keep the switch button 50 at two button positions. In the first button position, the power switch 2 is in the off state, and in the second button position, the power switch 2 is in the on state.
  • the actuating groove 51 is arranged such that when the user does not press the button 13, the switch button 50 is in the first button position; when the user presses the button 13, the main part 6 of the speed control switch 3 moves toward the rear wall 1b, and The first end wall of the moving groove 51 drives the switch button 50 to rotate to the second button position, and during the operation of the electric tool, the switch button 50 maintains the second button position, and the switch button 50 in the second button position is not in contact with the second button position. Any part of the actuating groove 51 contacts; after the user releases the button 13, the main part 6 of the speed regulating switch 3 is reset toward the front wall 1a, and the second end wall of the actuating groove 51 drives the switch button 50 to rotate back to the first One button.
  • the reversing switch 4 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 can also be a reed type reversing switch or a Hall type reversing switch.
  • the reversing rod 20 can be equipped with a stop structure.
  • the outer handle 22 is equipped with a stop structure to limit the limit position of the outer handle 22 to rotate to both sides, that is, to limit the limit position of the reversing rod 20 to rotate.
  • the stop structure of the outer handle 22 includes a positioning block 52 formed around the pivot 21 , and inclined surfaces 52 a are respectively formed on both sides of the bottom of the positioning block 52 .
  • the two inclined surfaces 52 a are located in the positioning groove 53 formed in the housing 1 and face the bottom of the positioning groove 53 .
  • each inclined surface 52 a is spaced at an angle from the bottom of the positioning groove 53 .
  • a corresponding inclined surface 52a will contact the bottom of the positioning groove 53, thereby restricting the handle 24 from being pulled further.
  • the reversing rod 20 is equipped with an elastic limiting structure for keeping the reversing rod 20 or the inner handle 23 in three positions, namely the middle position when the handle 24 is not pulled, and the middle position when the handle 24 is moved. Two reversing positions after pulling toward both sides.
  • the elastic limiting structure includes a pressure rod 54 extending from the bottom of the inner handle 23 toward the direction of the rear wall 1b.
  • the end of the pressure rod 54 has a ball head 55, and a biasing spring 56 surrounds the pressure rod 54. Arranged for urging the ball head 55 in the direction of the rear wall 1b.
  • the rear wall 1b is equipped with a corrugated plate 57, and three corrugated pits arranged transversely are formed on the corrugated plate 57.
  • the ball head 55 is urged by the biasing spring 56 in any one of the recesses, and can be driven by the inner handle 23 to move between the recesses.
  • the middle dimple corresponds to the middle position of the reversing rod 20 , and the dimples located on both sides of the middle dimple correspond to the two reversing positions of the reversing rod 20 .
  • the main body part 6 of the speed control switch 3 is provided with two longitudinally spaced magnets 61, and the circuit board 5 (not shown in Figure 19) is provided with a Hall element 62.
  • the two magnets 61 and the Hall element 62 are arranged such that when the user does not press the button 13, the first longitudinal magnet 61 is away from the Hall element 62 and the second longitudinal magnet 61 is close to the Hall element 62; when the user presses the button 13
  • button 13 is pressed, the main body part 6 of the speed control switch 3 moves toward the rear wall 1b, the first longitudinal magnet 61 becomes close to the Hall element 62, and the second longitudinal magnet 61 becomes far away from the Hall element 62.
  • the control unit can determine the output speed of the electric tool desired by the user.
  • the reed reversing switch and Hall reversing switch described earlier can both be called rotary reversing switches.
  • the difference between the two is that the signal components on the reversing seat are different (reed or magnet), and the circuit board The mating components are different (contact blades or Hall elements).
  • a universal reversing base suitable for both reed reversing switches and Hall-type reversing switches can be equipped, so that customers can equip the universal reversing base with corresponding reversing bases according to their own wishes. signal components.
  • FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 show a universal reversing seat 25 with a substantially flat fixing portion 38 formed on its outer peripheral portion for fixing the middle portion 31 of the reed 30 .
  • a screw hole 63 for screwing in the screw 32 and a slot 64 for inserting the wing 33 are formed from the fixed part 38 toward the inside of the reversing seat 25 .
  • inclined surfaces 39 are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the reversing seat 25 on both sides of the fixing portion 38 for facing the two spring fingers 34 .
  • Each spring finger 34 may be biased in the direction of ramp 39 .
  • the inclined surface 39 can be a flat surface (Fig. 20) or an outwardly bulging arc surface (Fig. 21).
  • a single elongated slot 65 for inserting a single elongated magnet 44 (see Figures 12 and 13) is formed and/or for inserting two
  • the magnet 47 (see FIGS. 14 and 15 ) has two embedded slots 66 that are separated from each other.
  • the user can configure the reversing switch as a reed reversing switch or a Hall reversing switch according to his own wishes.
  • the reversing switch of the present application is a rotary reversing switch, which is provided with mutually matched turn signal generating elements on the reversing seat and the circuit board; wherein, in the first rotational position, the The turn signal generating element generates a first direction of rotation signal for the power tool and in the second rotational position the turn signal generating element generates a second direction of rotation signal for the power tool.
  • the turn signal generating element is a reed-contact piece or a magnet-Hall element.
  • the signal components on the reversing seat do not slide on the insulating substrate of the circuit board, so the service life of the reversing switch will not be shortened, and the reversing switch will not be able to provide reversing due to the generation of non-conductive debris. signal problem.
  • the reversing rod can be dialed to three positions (the middle position and the two reversing positions), so that the reversing rod can output different signals at three different positions.
  • the reed will not touch the insulating substrate of the circuit board, and will not produce non-conductive debris due to friction with the insulating substrate, causing the reversing switch to be unable to provide a stable signal.
  • the pressure between the reed and the contact piece gradually increases, and the contact pressure reaches the maximum at the end position.
  • existing designs have a constant pressure between the reed and the contact blade (copper foil).
  • the pressure between the reed and the contact piece can be designed to be larger compared to the existing design.
  • the greater pressure between the reed and the contact plate can prevent the reversing switch from reducing the life of the switch due to the vibration of the tool causing the reed to bounce on the contact plate when the reversing switch is used in a tool with greater vibration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于电动工具的转动式换向开关包括：可被扳动的换向杆；配置成被所述换向杆驱动而绕转轴在第一转动位置与第二转动位置之间转动的换向座；固定设置的电路板，所述转轴大致平行于所述电路板设置；以及设置在所述换向座和电路板上的彼此配合的转向信号生成元件；在所述第一转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第一旋转方向信号，在所述第二转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第二旋转方向信号。

Description

用于电动工具的转动式换向开关和开关组件 技术领域
本申请涉及一种用于电动工具的转动式换向开关和包含这种换向开关的开关组件。
背景技术
电动工具通常设有换向开关，用于控制电动工具的换向。在一种现有技术的换向开关中，利用换向块上设置的簧片在电路板上设置的与之配合的铜箔上滑动来提供换向信号。在这种技术中，由于铜箔和电路板的绝缘基板之间的衔接处是凸凹不平的，因此簧片在这个衔接处的滑动会同时减小簧片和铜箔的寿命，也即会缩短换向开关的使用寿命。此外，簧片长期在电路板的绝缘基板上滑动产生的不导电碎屑有可能致使换向开关无法提供换向信号。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种用于电动工具的换向开关和包含这种换向开关的开关组件，其能够抑制或解决现有技术中换向开关的簧片和铜箔之间的滑动导致的问题。
为此，本申请提供了一种用于电动工具的转动式换向开关，其包括：可被扳动的换向杆；配置成被所述换向杆驱动而绕转轴在第一转动位置与第二转动位置之间转动的换向座；固定设置的电路板，所述转轴大致平行于所述电路板设置；以及设置在所述换向座和电路板上的彼此配合的转向信号生成元件；在所述第一转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第一旋转方向信号，在所述第二转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第二旋转方向信号。
在一种实施方式中，所述转向信号生成元件包括：
设置在所述换向座上的簧片，所述簧片包括两个弹性指；以及
设置在所述电路板上并且配置成与所述簧片配合的触片，所述触片包括彼此纵向分开的两个离散触片以及位于这两个离散触片的横向的一个连续触片；
其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述簧片的一个弹性指按压于一个离散触片以及所述连续触片以将所述一个离散触片与所述连续触片接通，在所述第二转动位置，所述簧片的另一个弹性指按压于另一个离散触片以及所述连续触片以将所述另一个离散触片与所述连续触片接通。
在一种实施方式中，所述簧片还包括位于所述两个弹性指之间的中部，所述中部被固定在所述换向座的外周部分上，所述两个弹性指能够朝向所述换向座的外周部分弹性变形。
在一种实施方式中，所述簧片还包括从所述中部伸出并且插入所述换向座中的翼片。
在一种实施方式中，所述转向信号生成元件包括：
设置在所述换向座上的换向磁铁；以及
设置在所述电路板上的与所述磁铁配合的换向霍尔元件。
在一种实施方式中，所述换向磁铁为单一的长条形磁铁，所述长条形磁铁具有彼此相反的两个端部；
所述换向霍尔元件包括彼此纵向分开的两个霍尔元件；
其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述长条形磁铁的一个端部接近所述两个霍尔元件中的一个霍尔元件，在所述第二转动位置，所述长条形磁铁的另一个端部接近所述两个霍尔元件中的另一个霍尔元件。
在一种实施方式中，所述换向磁铁包括彼此纵向分开的两个磁铁；
所述换向霍尔元件包括彼此纵向分开的两个霍尔元件；
其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述两个磁铁中的一个磁铁接近所述两个霍尔元件中的一个霍尔元件，在所述第二转动位置，所述两个磁铁中的另一个磁铁接近所述两个霍尔元件中的另一个霍尔元件。
在一种实施方式中，所述换向座构造为能够安装簧片、也能够安装磁铁的通用型换向座。
在一种实施方式中，所述换向座配备有弹性限位结构，配置成将所述换向杆保持在所述第一转动位置、第二转动位置以及位于第一和第二转动位置之间的中间位置。
本申请还提供了一种用于电动工具的开关组件，包括：
本申请的转动式换向开关；
电源开关，用于实现电动工具的电源的通断；以及
调速开关，用于实现电动工具的调速。
所述开关组件还可以包括：
单一的壳体，用于承载所述换向开关、电源开关和调速开关；
其中，所述电源开关和所述电路板安装在所述壳体内，所述电源开关的通断状态取决于所述调速开关的动作。
本申请的用于电动工具的换向开关为转动式换向开关，换向操作中换向座上的信号元件与电路板上的配合元件之间不接触或主要为推压接触，换向座上的信号元件不在电路板的绝缘基板上滑动，因此不会因此缩短换向开关的使用寿命，也避免了因产生不导电碎屑导致换向开关无法提供换向信号的问题。
附图说明
通过参照附图阅读下面的详细描述，可进一步理解本申请，在附图中：
图1是根据本申请的一种可行实施方式的开关组件的内部结构的示意图；
图2、图3是展示该开关组件中的电源开关受调速开关操控的两种状态的示意图；
图4、图5是可以用在该开关组件中的一种簧片式换向开关的主体部分的示意图；
图6、图7是该簧片式换向开关中的簧片的示意图；
图8是该开关组件中的电路板上的与所述簧片协作的触片的示意图；
图9、图10是所述簧片式换向开关操作的两种状态的示意图；
图11是簧片式换向开关的主体部分的一种改型的示意图；
图12、图13是可以用在该开关组件中的一种霍尔式换向开关的操作的两种状态的示意图；
图14、图15是霍尔式换向开关的一种改型的操作的两种状态的示意图；
图16、图17是根据本申请的其它可行实施方式的开关组件的内部结构的示意图；
图18是换向开关的止挡结构和弹性限位结构的示意图；
图19是可以用在该开关组件中的另一种调速开关的示意图；
图20、图21是可以通用于簧片式换向开关和霍尔式换向开关中的换向 座的示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请总体上涉及一种用于电动工具的开关组件及其换向开关。本申请的开关组件及其换向开关的一些可行实施方式在附图中示出。需要指出，在附图中为了清楚，一些结构细节被略去，并且附图不是按比例绘制的。
首先参照图1描述本申请的开关组件的一种可行实施方式。该开关组件包括壳体1，壳体1具有前壁1a和后壁1b，开关组件的主体部分密封在壳体1中，开关组件的操控部分穿过前壁1a伸出到壳体1之外，以供用户操控。
壳体1可以单独形成并且安装在电动工具壳体(未示出)内，或是由电动工具壳体的一部分形成。不论壳体1采取哪种形成方式是，开关组件的操控部分都延伸到电动工具壳体之外、便于被用户手指操控的位置。
开关组件包括并排布置的电源开关2、调速开关3、换向开关4，以及面对着电源开关2、调速开关3的主体部分、换向开关4的主体部分设置的电路板5，其中电源开关2和电路板5布置在壳体1内。
调速开关3的主体部分6布置在壳体1内，并且通过与壳体1内的导向部位配合的导向结构7(例如导槽、导向凸块等)而能够在壳体1内朝向前壁1a或后壁1b纵向滑动。
主体部分6上配备有磁铁8，其与设置在电路板5上的线性霍尔元件9配合。
调速开关3还配备有围绕安装在后壁1b上的定位杆10布置的复位弹簧11。复位弹簧11产生的推力趋向于迫使主体部分6朝向前壁1a方向移动。
主体部分6的面对着前壁1a的端面连接着推杆12。推杆12穿过前壁1a露出到壳体1之外，推杆12的末端12a固定在按钮13中。
按钮13可以构造成适合于被用户的手指(尤其是大拇指或食指)按压而朝向前壁1a移动。为此，前壁1a上形成有一个或多个导向柱14，导向柱14插入按钮13内的导向结构中，用于引导按钮13相对于壳体1的移动。
为了将推杆12相对于前壁1a密封，在推杆12的靠近末端12a的凸缘部12b与前壁1a之间装有柔性的密封套筒15，例如波纹形密封套筒。
复位弹簧11的后端由定位杆10的底部凸缘支撑，复位弹簧11的前端插入到主体部分6内、或者甚至插入到推杆12内。
在调速开关3的自由释放位置，即按钮13没有被压下时，复位弹簧11通过推杆12将按钮13保持在距离前壁1a最近的位置。在这一点上，可以理解，壳体1内设有用于限制主体部分6朝向前壁1a移动的极限位置的限位结构(未示出)。在调速开关3的自由释放位置，磁铁8远离线性霍尔元件9，磁场没有触发线性霍尔元件9。
用户按压按钮13，以克服复位弹簧10的推力使得主体部分6沿着朝向后壁1b的方向(纵向压下方向)滑动，磁铁8逐渐接近线性霍尔元件9，磁铁8作用于线性霍尔元件9的磁场强度随之增大，线性霍尔元件9的输出电压也随之改变，由此，电路板5上输出用户期望的速度信号。在用户松开按钮13后，在复位弹簧10的推力作用下，主体部分6沿着朝向前壁1a的方向(纵向抬起方向)滑动，磁铁8逐渐离开线性霍尔元件9，作用于线性霍尔元件9磁场逐渐减弱，由此电路板5上的输出电压逐渐改变并最终关闭电动工具。
本申请的电源开关2是由调速开关3操控的。具体而言，主体部分6与电源开关2大致并排设置。主体部分6在其面向后壁1b的端部处形成有横向突伸部16。另一方面，电源开关2为机械式通断开关，其在面对着后壁1b的一侧具有按压式开关钮17，并且电源开关2的接线端18连接(例如直接焊接)于电路板5上。
按压式开关钮17面对着横向突伸部16设置，并且在调速开关3的自由释放位置，横向突伸部16将开关钮17压下，即开关钮17处在第一钮位。在用户通过按钮13按压调速开关3时，横向突伸部16背离电源开关2移动，开关钮17在内置推压弹簧的作用下伸出一小段距离，直至与横向突伸部16分离而达到自由状态的第二钮位。
电源开关2中设有随动于开关钮17的接触元件19，参看图2、图3。在用户没有按下按钮13时，开关钮17被横向突伸部16压下而处在第一钮位，如图2所示，接触元件19保持电源开关2中的两个相应的触点之间断开，电源开关2处在断开状态，以断开电动工具的电源(外部电源或内置电源)。在用户按下按钮13时，调速开关3的主体部分6朝向后壁1b移动，开关钮17被横向突伸部16释放而到达自由的第二钮位的状态下，如图3 所示，接触元件19动作而将两个相应的触点接通，电源开关2处在接通状态，产生电源接通信号，使得电动工具的电源线路接通。在电动工具工作过程中，用户手指始终按压按钮13，横向突伸部16保持与开关钮17分离，因而开关钮17保持不受横向突伸部16作用的第二钮位。这样，即使在用户使用电动工具的过程中手指会抖动，电源开关2也不会受到任何干扰，电源开关2中的接触元件19与相应触点之间不会发生相对运动，这不但能避免电源开关2的使用寿命受损，还能可靠地保持电源开关2的接通状态。
在用户松开按钮13时，调速开关3的主体部分6朝向前壁1a移动，开关钮17将被横向突伸部16压下而返回到第一钮位，由此将电源开关2断开，产生电源断开信号，使得电动工具的电源线路断开。
因此，横向突伸部16构成了电源开关2的操控部。
在按钮13未被按下的状态下，电源开关2保持断开，电动工具未被供电，由此可以避免非工作期间电能耗损。
关于换向开关4，其为转动式换向开关。换向开关4包括用于实现换向开关4转动切换的换向杆20。换向杆20具有枢轴21，以及由枢轴21的两端沿大致相反的方向延伸的外柄部22和内柄部23。外柄部22和内柄部23可以与枢轴21一体形成，或者外柄部22和内柄部23之一或二者被单独支撑并且固定组装于枢轴21上。枢轴21由壳体1中的内部结构支撑而可枢转。外柄部22由枢轴21延伸到前壁1a上方，外柄部22的末端设有可供用户沿相反的两个扳动方向扳动的把手24。内柄部23在壳体1内朝向后壁1b的方向延伸。枢轴21大致平行于电路板5。通过扳动把手24而使枢轴21转动，内柄部23的末端朝向或背离电路板5移动。
换向开关4还包括设置在壳体1内的换向座25。换向座25由绝缘塑料制成，其具有由壳体1中的内部结构支撑而可转动的转轴26，转轴26大致平行于电路板5，并且优选大致平行于枢轴21。换向座25大体上面对着内柄部23的下部。在内柄部23的下部设有拨杆27，拨杆27插入换向座26中的大致竖直延伸的导槽28中，从而拨杆27能够拨动换向座25绕转轴26来回转动。这样，用户扳动把手24时，换向座25将绕转轴26转动。
换向座25上固定有簧片30，簧片30面对着电路板5布置。换向座25和簧片30构成换向开关4的主体部分。
如图4-图7所示，簧片30为一体的弹性结构，包括大致平坦的中部31， 该中部31被固定在换向座25的外周部分上形成的大致平坦的固定部38上，例如通过螺钉32固定。固定部38平行于转轴26。
在中部31的横向一侧或两侧，可以形成有垂直于中部31朝向换向座25延伸的翼片33。翼片33插入换向座25中形成的插槽中，以有利于簧片30相对于换向座25的定位。翼片33上可以冲压出倒钩40(参看图7)，以有利于翼片33在换向座25中的固定。
在中部31的纵向两侧，分别延伸出可弹性变形的弹簧指34。每个弹簧指34可分支成两组(图中所示的例子为每组两个)指杆35，每个指杆35的末端形成弯曲的触点部36。
两个弹簧指34相对于中部31大致对称，并且都相对于中部31朝向换向座25倾斜一个角度。换向座25的面对着两个弹簧指34的外周部分分别形成斜面39。每个弹簧指34可被朝向斜面39的方向偏压。斜面39可以是平面或圆弧面。
参看图8-图10，在与簧片30面对的位置处，电路板5上设有纵向间隔的两个离散触片(例如铜箔)41，以及位于两个离散触片41横向的一个连续触片(例如铜箔)42。连续触片42与两个离散触片41的位置设计成使得，在用户没有扳动把手24时，簧片30保持与连续触片42和两个离散触片41都不接触，如图9所示，连续触片42与两个离散触片41之间都处于断开状态。当用户沿任一扳动方向扳动把手24而使得换向座25绕转动轴26转动时，簧片30的一侧的触点部36接触到相应一个离散触片41和连续触片42的相应端部并因此而在该离散触片41和连续触片42之间建立电连接。具体而言，当换向座25绕转轴26沿第一转动方向转动时，例如图10所示那样，簧片30的一个弹簧指34上的两组指杆35分别在它们的触点部36接触并按压于一个离散触片41和连续触片42的相应端部，从而在这一个离散触片41与连续触片42之间建立连通；当换向座25绕转轴26沿与第一转动方向相反的第二转动方向转动时，簧片30的另一个弹簧指34上的两组指杆35分别在它们的触点部36接触到另一个离散触片41和连续触片42的相应端部，从而在所述另一个离散触片41与连续触片42之间建立连通。通过簧片30的转动在不同的离散触片41与连续触片42之间建立连通，控制单元可确定用户期望的电动工具的输出运动(尤其是旋转)方向，并且控制电动工具的驱动元件(例如电机)使得电动工具以用户期望的方 向输出运动。这种采用簧片30的换向开关4可称作簧片式换向开关。
如上所述，在用户没有扳动把手24时，簧片30保持与连续触片42和两个离散触片41都不接触。随着换向座25绕转轴26沿第一或第二转动方向转动，簧片30的相应弹簧指34的指杆35的触点部36与相应离散触片41和连续触片42的相应端部之间发生接触并且建立导通。随着换向座25绕转轴26沿第一或第二转动方向转动的角度增大，相应弹簧指34的指杆35的触点部36与相应离散触片41和连续触片42的相应端部之间的接触压力逐渐增大。这样，既能够因减小指杆的触点部在触片上的滑动距离从而延长簧片和触片的寿命，又能够防止电动工具使用中的震动导致簧片与触片之间被震开而影响寿命和工具操作的稳定性。
在图8-图10所示的例子中，两个离散触片41和连续触片42直接贴平在电路板5的表面上，作为改型，如图11所示，两个离散触片41和连续触片42可以通过垫块43设置在电路板5的表面上。在与两个离散触片41和连续触片42的两个端部对应的部位处，垫块43形成斜面，使得两个离散触片41和连续触片42的两个端部相对于电路板5倾斜设置，从而使得每个触点部36能够大致垂直于相应的离散触片41和连续触片42的相应端部推压于该离散触片41和连续触片42的相应端部。
作为簧片式换向开关的改型，可采用霍尔式换向开关。例如，在图12、图13所示的例子中，换向座25上设有单一的长条形的磁铁44，磁铁44具有极性彼此相反的两个端部45。每个端部45都靠近换向座25的外周。在电路板5上设有相应的两个霍尔元件46。在用户没有扳动把手24时，磁铁44的两个端部45远离相应的霍尔元件46，如图12所示，磁铁44的磁场基本上不作用于两个霍尔元件46，或者仅以很弱的磁场作用于霍尔元件46。当用户沿任一扳动方向扳动把手24而使得换向座25绕转动轴26转动时，例如图13所示的那样，磁铁44的一个端部45会接近相应的霍尔元件46，使得磁铁44作用于该霍尔元件46的磁场增强，由此控制器确定用户期望的电动工具的输出运动(尤其是旋转)方向。图12、图13所示的霍尔式换向开关的其它方面与前面描述的簧片式换向开关相同或相似，这里不再详细描述。
作为图12、图13所示的霍尔式换向开关的一种改型，如图14、15所示，在换向座25上设有两个彼此分开的磁铁47，在电路板5上设有相应的 两个霍尔元件46。在用户没有扳动把手24时，两个磁铁47保持与相应的霍尔元件46分隔，如图14所示，每个磁铁47的磁场基本上不作用于相应的霍尔元件46，或者仅以很弱的磁场作用于相应的霍尔元件46。当用户沿任一扳动方向扳动把手24而使得换向座25绕转动轴26转动时，例如图15所示的那样，一个磁铁47会接近相应的霍尔元件46并且磁铁47作用于该霍尔元件46的磁场增强，由此控制器确定用户期望的电动工具的输出运动(尤其是旋转)方向。图14、图15所示的霍尔式换向开关的其它方面与前面描述的簧片式换向开关相同或相似，这里不再详细描述。
本领域技术人员可以对前面参照图1-图15描述的实施方式做出各种修改。
例如，在图16所示的实施方式中，内柄部23上设有齿轮48，换向座25上设有齿轮49。齿轮48与齿轮49啮合。这样，当内柄部23转动时，通过齿轮48与齿轮49之间的传动作用，将转动传递到换向座25，由此实现换向开关4的换向。由于不需要传递整圈转动，因此齿轮48和齿轮49可以是扇形齿轮的形式。图16所示实施方式的其它方面与前面描述的实施方式相同或相似，这里不再详细描述。
在图17所示的实施方式中，电源开关2在侧面配备有扳柄式开关钮50。调速开关3的主体部分6的面对着电源开关2的一侧设有纵向延伸的作动槽51。开关钮50的末端插入作动槽51中。作动槽51构成了电源开关2的操控部。
开关钮50具有朝向前壁1a一侧倾斜的第一钮位(图17中以实线表示)和朝向后壁1b一侧倾斜的第二钮位(图17中以虚线表示)，并且可在第一钮位和第二钮位之间转动。调速开关3中设有偏压元件，用以将开关钮50保持就位于两个钮位。在第一钮位，电源开关2处在断开状态，在第二钮位，电源开关2处在接通状态。
作动槽51设置成使得，在用户没有按下按钮13时，开关钮50处在第一钮位；在用户按下按钮13时，调速开关3的主体部分6朝向后壁1b移动，作动槽51的第一端壁驱动开关钮50转动到第二钮位，并且在电动工具的工作过程中，开关钮50保持第二钮位，并且处在第二钮位的开关钮50不与作动槽51的任何部位接触；在用户松开按钮13后，调速开关3的主体部分6朝向前壁1a复位，作动槽51的第二端壁驱动开关钮50转回到第 一钮位。
图17所示实施方式的其它方面与前面描述的实施方式相同或相似，这里不再重复叙述。尤其是，图17所示实施方式中的换向开关4同样既可以采用簧片式换向开关、也可以采用霍尔式换向开关。
可以理解，其它形式的机械式通断开关也可以用作电源开关2。
进一步地，可以为换向杆20配备止挡结构。例如，在图18所示的换向杆20中，为外柄部22配备了止挡结构，以限定外柄部22向两侧转动的极限位置，也即限制换向杆20转动的极限位置。外柄部22的止挡结构包括围绕枢轴21形成的定位块52，定位块52的底部两侧分别形成斜面52a。两个斜面52a位于壳体1中形成的定位凹槽53中，面对着定位凹槽53的槽底。在把手24未被扳动的状态下，每个斜面52a分别与定位凹槽53的槽底间隔一个角度。当把手24被朝向任一侧扳动时，相应的一个斜面52a将接触定位凹槽53的槽底，从而限制把手24被进一步扳动。
此外，换向杆20配备有弹性限位结构，用于将换向杆20、或是内柄部23保持在三个位置处，即把手24未被扳动时的中间位置，以及把手24被朝向两侧扳动后的两个换向位置。如图18所示，弹性限位结构包括由内柄部23的底部朝向后壁1b的方向伸出的压杆54，压杆54的末端带有球头55，偏压弹簧56围绕压杆54布置，用于将球头55朝向后壁1b的方向推压。后壁1b上装有波纹板57，波纹板57上形成有三个横向依次排布的波纹凹坑。球头55被偏压弹簧56推压在任何一个凹坑内，并且可被内柄部23带动而在各凹坑之间移动。中间的凹坑对应于换向杆20的中间位置，位于中间凹坑两侧的凹坑对应于换向杆20的两个换向位置。当球头55位于任何一个凹坑内时，换向杆20即被保持在相应的位置。当把手24被扳动时，内柄部23迫使球头55克服偏压弹簧56的推力进入其它凹坑，实现把手24的位置切换。可以理解，用于限制换向杆20转动的极限位置的其它形式的止挡结构和用于将换向杆20限制在三个位置的其它形式的弹性限位结构也可以被采用。
在图19所示的实施方式中，调速开关3的主体部分6上设有纵向相隔的两个磁铁61，电路板5(图19中未示出)上设有霍尔元件62。两个磁铁61和霍尔元件62设置成使得，在用户没有按下按钮13时，纵向第一个磁铁61远离霍尔元件62，纵向第二个磁铁61靠近霍尔元件62；在用户按下 按钮13时，调速开关3的主体部分6朝向后壁1b移动，纵向第一个磁铁61变得接近于霍尔元件62，纵向第二个磁铁61变得远离霍尔元件62。通过两个磁铁61和霍尔元件62之间的位置关系以及因此导致的作用于霍尔元件62的磁场的变化，控制单元可以确定用户期望的电动工具输出速度。
前面描述的簧片式换向开关和霍尔式换向开关都可以称作转动式换向开关，二者的区别在于换向座上的信号元件不同(簧片或磁铁)、并且电路板上的配合元件不同(触片或霍尔元件)。根据本申请的进一步的实施方式，可以配备同时适用于簧片式换向开关和霍尔式换向开关的通用型换向座，使得客户可以根据自己的意愿在通用型换向座上配备相应的信号元件。
例如，图20、图21中示出了一种通用型换向座25，其外周部分上形成大致平坦的固定部38，用于固定簧片30的中部31。为此，从固定部38朝向换向座25内部形成有螺孔63，用于旋入螺钉32，以及插槽64，用于插入翼片33。此外，在换向座25的外周部分上，在固定部38的两侧分别形成斜面39，用于面对着两个弹簧指34。每个弹簧指34可被朝向斜面39的方向偏压。斜面39可以是平面(图20)或向外鼓出的圆弧面(图21)。
此外，在通用型换向座25的一个端面上，形成有用于嵌装单一长条形磁铁44(参看图12、图13)的单一长条形嵌槽65和/或用于嵌装两个磁铁47(参看图14、图15)的两个彼此分开的嵌槽66。
利用通用型换向座25，用户可以根据自己的意愿将换向开关配置成簧片式换向开关或霍尔式换向开关。
可以理解，本领域技术人员在本申请原理下，也可以做出其它改造。
概括地讲，本申请的换向开关为转动式换向开关，其设置在所述换向座和电路板上的彼此配合的转向信号生成元件；其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第一旋转方向信号，在所述第二转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第二旋转方向信号。所述转向信号生成元件为簧片-触片，或是磁铁-霍尔元件。在换向操作时，换向座上的信号元件不在电路板的绝缘基板上滑动，因此不会因此缩短换向开关的使用寿命，也避免了因产生不导电碎屑导致换向开关无法提供换向信号的问题。并且，换向杆都可以拨到三个位置(中间位置和两个换向位置)，实现换向杆在三个不同的位置输出不同的信号。
对于簧片式换向开关，拨动换向杆时簧片转动靠近并推压于触片，簧 片在触片上的滑移距离很短、甚至可能没有滑动，并且簧片不在电路板的绝缘基板上滑动，也就不会经过触片和电路板的绝缘基板之间的凸凹不平处，这样可以显著减少簧片和触片之间的摩擦损耗，从而极大地增加簧片和触片寿命，也就延长了整个换向开关的寿命。此外，在换向操作中，簧片不会碰触到电路板的绝缘基板，不会因为和绝缘基板的摩擦而产生不导电的碎屑致使换向开关无法提供稳定的信号。
此外，在换向过程中，簧片和触片之间的压力是逐渐增大的，到终点位置时接触压力达到最大。比较而言，现有的设计簧片和触片(铜箔)之间的压力是恒定的。这样，根据本申请，在保证簧片和触片的寿命不变的前提下，相对于现有的设计，簧片和触片之间的压力就可以设计的较大。簧片和触片之间较大的压力可以防止当换向开关应用于振动较大的工具时由于工具的振动使得簧片在触片上弹跳而造成开关寿命的减小。
对于霍尔式换向开关，在换向操作中，磁铁与霍尔元件之间无接触式触发换向信号，因此完全不存在簧片和触片之间滑动造成的前述问题。
虽然这里参考具体的实施方式描述了本申请，但是本申请的范围并不局限于所示的细节。在不偏离本申请的基本原理的情况下，可针对这些细节做出各种修改。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种用于电动工具的转动式换向开关，用于实现电动工具的换向，所述换向开关包括：
    可被扳动的换向杆(20)；
    配置成被所述换向杆驱动而绕转轴(26)在第一转动位置与第二转动位置之间转动的换向座(25)；
    固定设置的电路板(5)，所述转轴大致平行于所述电路板设置；以及
    设置在所述换向座和电路板上的彼此配合的转向信号生成元件；
    其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第一旋转方向信号，在所述第二转动位置，所述转向信号生成元件生成用于电动工具的第二旋转方向信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述转向信号生成元件包括：
    设置在所述换向座上的簧片(30)，所述簧片包括两个弹性指(34)；以及
    设置在所述电路板上并且配置成与所述簧片配合的触片，所述触片包括彼此纵向分开的两个离散触片(41)以及位于这两个离散触片的横向的一个连续触片(42)；
    其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述簧片的一个弹性指按压于一个离散触片以及所述连续触片以将所述一个离散触片与所述连续触片接通，在所述第二转动位置，所述簧片的另一个弹性指按压于另一个离散触片以及所述连续触片以将所述另一个离散触片与所述连续触片接通。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述簧片还包括位于所述两个弹性指之间的中部(31)，所述中部被固定在所述换向座的外周部分上，所述两个弹性指能够朝向所述换向座的外周部分弹性变形。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述簧片还包括从所述中部伸出并且插入所述换向座中的翼片(33)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述转向信号生成元件包括：
    设置在所述换向座上的换向磁铁；以及
    设置在所述电路板上的与所述磁铁配合的换向霍尔元件。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述换向磁铁为单一的长条形磁铁(44)，所述长条形磁铁具有彼此相反的两个端部(45)；
    所述换向霍尔元件包括彼此纵向分开的两个霍尔元件(46)；
    其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述长条形磁铁的一个端部接近所述两个霍尔元件中的一个霍尔元件，在所述第二转动位置，所述长条形磁铁的另一个端部接近所述两个霍尔元件中的另一个霍尔元件。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述换向磁铁包括彼此纵向分开的两个磁铁(47)；
    所述换向霍尔元件包括彼此纵向分开的两个霍尔元件；
    其中，在所述第一转动位置，所述两个磁铁中的一个磁铁接近所述两个霍尔元件中的一个霍尔元件，在所述第二转动位置，所述两个磁铁中的另一个磁铁接近所述两个霍尔元件中的另一个霍尔元件。
  8. 如权利要求2-7中任一项所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述换向座构造为能够安装簧片、也能够安装磁铁的通用型换向座。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的转动式换向开关，其中，所述换向座配备有弹性限位结构，配置成将所述换向杆保持在所述第一转动位置、第二转动位置以及位于第一和第二转动位置之间的中间位置。
  10. 一种用于电动工具的开关组件，包括：
    如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的转动式换向开关(4)；
    电源开关(2)，用于实现电动工具的电源的通断；以及
    调速开关(3)，用于实现电动工具的调速。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的开关组件，还包括：
    单一的壳体(1)，用于承载所述换向开关、电源开关和调速开关；
    其中，所述电源开关和所述电路板安装在所述壳体内，所述电源开关的通断状态取决于所述调速开关的动作。
PCT/CN2023/093810 2022-05-13 2023-05-12 用于电动工具的转动式换向开关和开关组件 WO2023217264A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106997821A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-01 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 开关及电动工具
CN209056401U (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-07-02 浙江赫灵电气有限公司 一种带信号分断的锂电无刷电动工具用开关
CN110767480A (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-07 浙江佳奔电子有限公司 基于霍尔信号控制的直流信号扳机开关
US20210050165A1 (en) * 2018-03-09 2021-02-18 Omron Corporation Change-over switch and switch device
CN217280468U (zh) * 2022-05-13 2022-08-23 博世电动工具（中国）有限公司 用于电动工具的开关组件

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106997821A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-01 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 开关及电动工具
US20210050165A1 (en) * 2018-03-09 2021-02-18 Omron Corporation Change-over switch and switch device
CN209056401U (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-07-02 浙江赫灵电气有限公司 一种带信号分断的锂电无刷电动工具用开关
CN110767480A (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-07 浙江佳奔电子有限公司 基于霍尔信号控制的直流信号扳机开关
CN217280468U (zh) * 2022-05-13 2022-08-23 博世电动工具（中国）有限公司 用于电动工具的开关组件

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