WO2023208504A1 - Véhicule comprenant un système de pile à combustible et dispositif de traitement pour traiter l'eau de traitement - Google Patents

Véhicule comprenant un système de pile à combustible et dispositif de traitement pour traiter l'eau de traitement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023208504A1
WO2023208504A1 PCT/EP2023/058144 EP2023058144W WO2023208504A1 WO 2023208504 A1 WO2023208504 A1 WO 2023208504A1 EP 2023058144 W EP2023058144 W EP 2023058144W WO 2023208504 A1 WO2023208504 A1 WO 2023208504A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
vehicle
fuel cell
water tank
cell system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/058144
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas KÜBECK
Selina Carolin LAUF
De-Niang Maria Peymandar
Christian Schneider
Original Assignee
Siemens Mobility GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Mobility GmbH filed Critical Siemens Mobility GmbH
Publication of WO2023208504A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023208504A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D35/00—Sanitation
    • B61D35/005—Toilet facilities
    • B61D35/007—Toilet facilities comprising toilet waste receiving, treatment, storage, disposal or removal devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle with at least one water container for supplying water to at least one water consumption device of a sanitary cell or a Gailey of the vehicle, the vehicle comprising at least one fuel cell system with at least one process water outlet, which is connected to the at least one water container by means of at least one Pipe is connected so that process water from the fuel cell system can be fed to the at least one water container via the at least one pipe, the vehicle having at least one treatment device for the biological and / or chemical and / or physical treatment of water
  • Vehicles with drinking water supply systems in particular for supplying passengers with drinking water, for example in the vehicle's sanitary facilities, are known.
  • a vehicle with a drinking water system is known from the disclosure document WO 2018/229937 A1, which has a temperature measuring device for monitoring the drinking water in a drinking water container and a control device, which in turn is connected to a metering device for adding disinfectant, depending on a to supply the detected temperature of the drinking water in the drinking water tank to this disinfectant.
  • the publication DE 10 2004 007 791 Al relates to the supply of condensed water from the exhaust gas of a fuel cell to a service water supply of a vehicle in order to be able to make the storage container for service water smaller.
  • Industrial water is water that cannot be used as drinking water, but is suitable for dishwashing or washing, for example.
  • US 2008/0127411 A1 teaches an exchangeable sanitary cell module with a low-temperature fuel cell system for supplying electrical consumers of the sanitary cell module with electrical energy. Process water from the fuel cell system is condensed using a cooler and fed to a fresh water tank in the sanitary cell module.
  • DE 102 16 709 Al discloses a method for water treatment and distribution of on-board water in vehicles. Exhaust gas from a high-temperature fuel cell system is initially used to drive a turbine. It is then cooled using a heat exchanger and a condenser. After filtering using activated carbon filters, the process water is then collected in a water container. From there it can be taken to humidify the air, fed into a gray water process, for example for flushing a toilet, or, after subsequent salting, fed into a drinking water process.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a further improved and simplified vehicle.
  • a vehicle according to the invention comprises
  • At least one water container for supplying water to at least one water consumption device of a sanitary cell or a Gailey of the vehicle, - at least one fuel cell system with at least one process water outlet, which is connected to the at least one water container by means of at least one pipeline, so that process water from the fuel cell system can be fed to the at least one water container via the at least one pipeline,
  • the fuel cell system comprises at least one low-temperature fuel cell and is designed to supply the electric drive with energy
  • the at least one processing device being arranged in or on the at least one water container for biological and/or chemical and/or physical treatment of the water located in the at least one water container or wherein the at least one treatment device is arranged downstream of the at least one water container for the biological and/or chemical and/or physical treatment of the water from the water container, in particular to downstream water processes, for example delivery to the Water consumption device, discharged water, so that the water located in the water tank or the water discharged from the water tank is treated by means of the treatment system and wherein the at least one process water outlet is connected to the water tank by means of the at least one pipeline, free from the at least one treatment device, so that the untreated process water of the fuel cell system can be fed directly to the water tank via the pipeline.
  • the vehicle therefore has no process technology systems or devices for the treatment or preparation, in particular for the conversion, cooling or filtration, of the process water of the fuel cell. fabric cell system.
  • the pipeline between the process water outlet and the water tank is therefore uninterrupted by a treatment device.
  • treatment device should include all treatment plants or treatment facilities for the biological and/or chemical and/or physical treatment of water. These include e.g. B. Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, demineralization or mineralization, softening or hardening, deacidification or acidification.
  • the pipeline is also free of a heat exchanger, cooler, condenser, evaporator filter etc. In addition, the pipeline is also free of a turbine.
  • the treatment of water generally serves to achieve, i.e. H . for production or Restoration or maintenance of a given water quality of the water.
  • This can include compliance with quality requirements for a given drinking water quality, in particular in accordance with regulations such as a drinking water regulation or drinking water directive, in particular less with regard to pollutant contamination and/or biological contamination than with respect to compliance with predetermined limit values for a given drinking water quality.
  • regulations such as a drinking water regulation or drinking water directive
  • the at least one water consumption device is a water dispensing point for drinking water, such as. B. a hand basin in a sanitary cell of the vehicle.
  • the water consumption device can also be, for example, a dishwasher in a Gailey of the vehicle.
  • a drinking water container can be arranged between the water container and the water consumption device for supplying drinking water to at least one drinking water consumption device of a sanitary cell or a Gailey of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle then includes a drinking water tank, which has at least one further pipeline. device connected to the water tank and arranged downstream of the water tank, i.e. fluidly between the water tank and a water dispensing point for drinking water in the vehicle.
  • the at least one processing device can be arranged downstream of the at least one water container or it is even arranged downstream of the drinking water container. In the first case, it is arranged downstream of the at least one water tank and upstream of the drinking water tank. In the second case, it is arranged downstream of both the at least one water container and the drinking water container, being arranged between the drinking water container and the drinking water dispensing point.
  • the advantage of treating the water upstream of the drinking water tank i.e. a processing device in or on the water tank or between the at least one water tank and the drinking water tank, is in particular that drinking water already present in the drinking water tank is not contaminated by untreated process water.
  • This can be distributed to consumers via a drinking water distribution point - also via the drinking water tank. If further treatment of drinking water from the drinking water tank is provided, if necessary, this can take place in the drinking water tank itself or downstream of it.
  • the at least one processing device comprises at least one sterilization device with UV light.
  • UV light disinfection devices are generally known from the prior art. With UV light, all bacteria, vi- deactivates water, algae and fungi without affecting the water quality (pH value, oxygen content). UV light has a strong decomposing effect on microorganisms. The DNA of the microorganisms is changed and they are no longer able to reproduce.
  • the disinfection device with UV light is further developed and arranged downstream of the at least one water container. It can therefore be arranged between the at least one water container and the drinking water container or it can even be arranged downstream of the drinking water container.
  • It can be designed as a pipe companion device in order to irradiate the water flowing through a pipeline between the at least one water container and the water consumption device, for example the drinking water dispensing point, with UV light and thus prepare it. Analogous to continuous heating, one could speak of continuous disinfection.
  • UV disinfection can always be carried out when water is delivered to the water consumption facility, for example the drinking water distribution point, regardless of whether the water is contaminated with bacteria.
  • the at least one processing device comprising at least one disinfection device with UV light is advantageously arranged between the drinking water container and the water consumption device, for example the drinking water dispensing point.
  • the duration and/or intensity of the UV disinfection can be controlled depending on the flow of the water to be disinfected.
  • the vehicle can have a control unit which is designed to control the duration and/or intensity of the irradiation with UV light by the UV light disinfection device depending on the flow of the drinking water to be dispensed.
  • the amount of water released can be predetermined and thus also the duration and/or intensity of the irradiation with UV light by the UV light disinfection device.
  • per actuation of an actuation device to trigger one Fluid extraction delivers a predetermined amount of drinking water.
  • Such a configuration is known, for example, from WO 2013/026622 Al.
  • the at least one processing device can comprise at least one device for cooling or heating the drinking water delivered.
  • the device for cooling or heating the drinking water delivered can also be used as a pipe companion device for continuous cooling or Continuous heating can be designed. It can, for example, have a heat exchanger.
  • the amount of heat released or increasing and thus the cooling or heating output is specified, for example by the control unit, depending on a measured temperature of the drinking water in the drinking water tank or in the pipeline between the drinking water tank and the drinking water distribution point.
  • a temperature measuring sensor can be provided and arranged accordingly in the drinking water tank or in the pipeline between the drinking water tank and the drinking water distribution point.
  • the control unit is then designed to carry out a control function for controlling the device for cooling or heating the processing device depending on the recorded measured values for the temperature.
  • the vehicle can include a flow measuring device for determining the flow of the drinking water delivered.
  • the control unit can be designed to carry out a control function for controlling the device for cooling or heating the processing device depending on the recorded measured values for the flow.
  • the control unit can be designed to carry out a control function for controlling the disinfection device with UV light from the processing device depending on the measured values for the flow recorded.
  • the advantage of at least one water processing device arranged in or on at least one water container or immediately downstream thereof is, in particular, that the water in the water container or the water released directly from it can be processed depending on the quality of the water in the water container.
  • At least one measuring device for recording measured values of at least one predetermined measurement variable for describing a quality of the water in the water tank can be arranged in the water tank or in the at least one pipeline between the process water outlet and the water tank.
  • the vehicle can comprise at least one control unit, which is connected to the at least one measuring device and is designed to read in the measured values of the measuring device recorded by the measuring device and wherein the control unit is designed to have a control function for controlling the processing device depending on the read-in measured values to be carried out.
  • the processing device is therefore controlled depending on the measured values read in and thus depending on the quality of the water in the water container, for example when the at least one measured variable is reached or exceeded or fallen below at least one predetermined limit value.
  • the temperature of the water in the water tank can be a measurement variable for describing the quality of the water in the water tank.
  • the treatment device include a device for cooling or heating the water in the water tank? ter or the water released from the water container, the cooling or heating can take place accordingly depending, if necessary additionally, on the measured values recorded on the temperature.
  • a device is provided for cooling or heating water, which is located downstream of a drinking water tank, the cooling or heating can, however, take place independently of the measured values recorded on the quality of the water in the water tank.
  • a disinfection device with UV light downstream of a drinking water container This is also controlled by the control unit independently of the measured values recorded on the quality of the water in the water tank.
  • the control unit can be designed accordingly so that the sterilization device with UV light and/or the device for cooling or heating carries out a control function for controlling the processing device, in particular downstream of the drinking water container, independently of the recorded and read-in measured values for the quality of the water in the water tank .
  • the efficiency of the disinfection and/or cooling or heating downstream of the drinking water tank is improved.
  • the at least one water treatment device arranged in or on at least one water container or immediately downstream thereof is advantageously controlled by the control unit depending on the measured values recorded and read in to describe a quality of the water in the water container.
  • measurements that describe the quality of the water can be recorded, in particular measurements that describe the mineralization of the water.
  • the at least one measuring device is designed to record measured values for describing mineralization of the water in the water container.
  • the at least one measuring device is designed to record measured values for a pH value and/or the conductivity of the water and/or the calcite dissolving capacity of the water.
  • the at least one processing device comprises at least one metering device for adding predetermined minerals depending on the control function of the control unit and thus depending on the measured values recorded and read in by the control unit.
  • magnesium carbonate it is advantageous to add magnesium carbonate through the dosing device of the processing device. So-called salting with magnesium carbonate instead of calcium carbonate offers the advantage of improved protection against calcification.
  • the processing device comprises at least one metering device for adding disinfectants.
  • activated carbon filters for cleaning the process water and other filters for softening the water for example limescale filters
  • the vehicle is accordingly free of activated carbon and/or limescale filters.
  • the drinking water container can be made small compared to the prior art. This means that more seats can be arranged in the vehicle for passengers and/or a waste water tank can be larger, which leads to an extension of suction intervals.
  • the treatment of the process water of the fuel cell system collected in the water tank enables the treated water to be fed into a drinking water process.
  • the quality of the process water generated during operation and collected in the water tank is monitored.
  • the water container can be made small.
  • the vehicle is a rail vehicle, in particular for passenger transport.
  • the fuel cell system of the vehicle exclusively comprises low-temperature fuel cells.
  • the vehicle is powered exclusively electrically, in particular exclusively with the electrical energy provided by the fuel cell system.
  • the electric drive of the vehicle is then supplied in particular exclusively with electrical energy from the fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system can advantageously be arranged in the roof area of the vehicle.
  • the at least one pipeline can advantageously be arranged inside the vehicle.
  • process water produced during operation of the fuel cell system is removed from the fuel cell system and supplied to the water container for supplying at least one water consumption device of at least one sanitary cell or Gailey of the vehicle with water directly and free of any treatment for the treatment of the process water, wherein a treatment of the Process water takes place in the water tank or downstream of the water tank.
  • the treated process water can then be supplied to a drinking water process including output to a drinking water dispensing point or a dishwasher.
  • the treatment can be carried out depending on the downstream drinking water process. This means that less treated water can be fed into a Gailey dishwasher or coffee machine. No cooling or heating is required for this and also less addition of minerals. A standard limescale filter in the dishwasher or coffee machine can be omitted.
  • the water from the water tank is supplied exclusively to a drinking water system of a Gailey and, if necessary, additionally to a gray water system of the sanitary cell, for example for flushing a toilet, and the drinking water supply to the Gailey and/or the sanitary cell can optionally be over gallons in accordance with WO 2019/ 242957 Al.
  • the figure shows schematically a vehicle according to the invention, here a rail vehicle for public passenger transport, with a fuel cell system 2 arranged in the roof area 10 of the rail vehicle 1 for supplying an electric drive 11 of the rail vehicle 1 with electrical energy.
  • Fuel cell system 2 and electric drive 11 are coupled to one another via an electrical line 13.
  • the fuel cell system 2 exclusively includes low-temperature fuel cells.
  • a sanitary cell 7 is arranged, comprising a washbasin 5 and a toilet 6 as well as a drinking water container 15 for supplying the washbasin 5 with drinking water and a gray water container 4 for supplying the toilet 6 Water for flushing the toilet 6 .
  • Both the sink 5 and the toilet 6 are water consumption devices.
  • the sink 5 is also a water dispensing point for drinking water in the vehicle 1.
  • further water dispensing points for drinking water can be provided in the vehicle 1, for example in a Gailey of the vehicle 1, for example a coffee machine and/or dishwasher, which are not shown here. These can then also be connected to the drinking water tank via a pipeline.
  • the washbasin module in particular includes a faucet as a drinking water dispensing point, which is arranged above the handwashing basin, so that the drinking water emerging from the faucet is collected by the handwashing basin, whereby it is considered gray water at this moment and is further treated as graywater accordingly.
  • the gray water is fed to the gray water tank, where it can be used to supply a flushing device of the toilet module for the toilet 6. Wastewater from the toilet 6 is caught and collected in a wastewater tank 14.
  • the fuel cell system 2 has a process water outlet 8 in order to remove process water produced by the fuel cell chemistry during operation of the fuel cell system 2.
  • This process water outlet 8 is now connected to the water tank 3 via a pipeline 9, so that the process water discharged from the fuel cell system 2 is fed to the water tank 3.
  • the water tank 3 and the gray water tank 4 are also connected to one another with pipes 12, so that water can be led from the water tank 3 into the gray water tank 4 if the water level in the gray water tank 4 falls below a minimum level.
  • the pipes 9 and 12 can be insulated to prevent the water in them from freezing.
  • the fuel cell system 2 may be located near the sanitary cell 7 and its water tanks 3, 4 and 15. The connection from the process water outlet 8 to the water tank 3 would therefore be very short.
  • the process water collected from the water tank 3 can be used to supply the water consumption devices of the sanitary cell or a Gailey of the vehicle with water.
  • the fuel cell produces distilled water depending on the power requirement, for example between 1 and 12 L/h.
  • the average weight of the resulting process water from the fuel cell can now be calculated from the power requirement. Accordingly, the drinking water to be carried in the drinking water tank 15 can be reduced because the water container 3 is constantly filled with “new” water from the fuel cell. This affects the weight, installation space and ultimately energy balance.
  • the process water of the fuel cell system 2 supplied to the water tank 3 does not meet drinking water regulations, it must be supplied to the drinking water distribution points or be processed before being fed to the drinking water container 15, by means of a processing device 16 for the biological and/or chemical and/or physical treatment of water.
  • the processing device 16 is arranged here on the water tank 3 for processing the water located in the water tank 3 or the water delivered from the water tank 3 to the downstream drinking water tank 15.
  • Water tank 3 and drinking water tank 15 are connected to one another via a pipeline 18.
  • the vehicle 1, however, is free of a treatment device between the process water outlet 8 and the water container 3.
  • This means that the process water outlet 8 is connected to the water tank 3 by means of the pipe 9, free from a treatment device, so that the process water of the fuel cell system 2 is fed untreated to the water tank 3 by means of the pipe 9.
  • the process water from the fuel cell system 2 is collected in the water tank 3, which can also be relatively small. If no drinking water is now required, for example if the drinking water tank 15 is well filled, the process water collected in the water tank 3 can be fed untreated to the gray water tank 4 for flushing the toilet. Drinking water tank 15 and gray water tank 4 are free of a direct pipe connection.
  • a correspondingly suitably designed measuring device 17 is arranged in or on the water tank 3.
  • Measuring sensors or sensors of the measuring device 17 for monitoring at least one parameter of drinking water quality can e.g. B. detect a pH value and/or the conductivity of the water and/or a calcite dissolving capacity of the water and/or an oxygen content of the water.
  • All measured variables for characterizing the condition and quality of the water in the water tank 3 can be recorded in order to determine a prescribed quality.
  • a control unit (not shown separately) is provided to control the processing device 16. In this embodiment, this is included in the processing device 16.
  • the control unit is connected to the measuring device 17 and is designed to carry out a control function for controlling the processing device 17 depending on the measured values read. For this purpose, the control unit is connected to the measuring device 17 via a line 20.
  • the measuring device 17 is designed to record measured values for describing mineralization of the water in the water tank 3.
  • the processing device 16 can then have a metering device for adding specified minerals.
  • a processing device that is controlled independently of the measured values read in can also be assigned to the water distribution point for drinking water.
  • This processing device includes a sterilization device with UV light 19.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un véhicule (1) comprenant au moins un réservoir d'eau (3) pour l'alimentation en eau d'au moins un dispositif de consommation d'eau (5) d'une cellule sanitaire (7) ou d'une cuisine du véhicule. Le véhicule comprend au moins un système de pile à combustible (2) ayant au moins une sortie d'eau de traitement (8), qui est raccordée à au moins un réservoir d'eau (3) au moyen d'au moins un tuyau (9) de telle sorte que l'eau de traitement provenant du système de pile à combustible (2) peut être introduite dans le ou les réservoirs d'eau (3) par l'intermédiaire du ou des tuyaux (9). Le véhicule (1) présente au moins un dispositif de traitement (16) pour le traitement biologique et/ou chimique et/ou physique de l'eau. Le véhicule (1) comprend un entraînement électrique (11). Le système de pile à combustible (2) comprend au moins une pile à combustible basse température et est conçu pour alimenter en énergie l'entraînement électrique (11). Le ou les dispositifs de traitement (16) sont situés dans ou sur le ou les réservoirs d'eau (3) ou en aval du ou des réservoirs d'eau (3) afin de traiter l'eau située dans le ou les réservoirs d'eau (3) ou l'eau évacuée du réservoir d'eau. La ou les sorties d'eau de traitement (8) sont raccordées au réservoir d'eau (3) au moyen du ou des tuyaux (9) sans l'intermédiaire du ou des dispositifs de traitement (16) de telle sorte que l'eau de traitement du système de pile à combustible (2) est introduite dans le réservoir d'eau (3) au moyen du tuyau (9).
PCT/EP2023/058144 2022-04-29 2023-03-29 Véhicule comprenant un système de pile à combustible et dispositif de traitement pour traiter l'eau de traitement WO2023208504A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022204233 2022-04-29
DE102022204233.6 2022-04-29

Publications (1)

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WO2023208504A1 true WO2023208504A1 (fr) 2023-11-02

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10216709A1 (de) 2001-10-11 2003-04-30 Airbus Gmbh Verfahren zur Wasseraufbereitung und Verteilung von bordgenriertem Wasser in Luft, Land- und/oder Wasserfahrzeugen
DE102004007791A1 (de) 2004-02-18 2004-08-12 Daimlerchrysler Ag Brauchwasservorrat
DE102004041834A1 (de) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-02 Ansgar, Jakob, Dr. Transportierbare Küchen- und Bad- Versorgungseinheit
DE102006042300A1 (de) * 2006-09-08 2008-03-27 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Selbstversorgender Waschraum für den mobilen Einsatz
WO2013026622A1 (fr) 2011-08-25 2013-02-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour délivrer une quantité de liquide en un point de soutirage
WO2013142161A1 (fr) * 2012-03-19 2013-09-26 Mag Aerospace Industries, Inc. Lavabo alimenté par un système de pile à combustible
WO2018229937A1 (fr) 2017-06-15 2018-12-20 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif et procédé d'inférence d'intention
WO2019242957A1 (fr) 2018-06-18 2019-12-26 Siemens Mobility GmbH Installation d'alimentation en eau pour un véhicule sur rails
CN112786916A (zh) * 2021-01-21 2021-05-11 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种燃料电池产水产热利用系统、轨道交通车辆及方法

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10216709A1 (de) 2001-10-11 2003-04-30 Airbus Gmbh Verfahren zur Wasseraufbereitung und Verteilung von bordgenriertem Wasser in Luft, Land- und/oder Wasserfahrzeugen
DE102004007791A1 (de) 2004-02-18 2004-08-12 Daimlerchrysler Ag Brauchwasservorrat
DE102004041834A1 (de) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-02 Ansgar, Jakob, Dr. Transportierbare Küchen- und Bad- Versorgungseinheit
DE102006042300A1 (de) * 2006-09-08 2008-03-27 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Selbstversorgender Waschraum für den mobilen Einsatz
US20080127411A1 (en) 2006-09-08 2008-06-05 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Self-sustaining washroom for mobile use
WO2013026622A1 (fr) 2011-08-25 2013-02-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour délivrer une quantité de liquide en un point de soutirage
WO2013142161A1 (fr) * 2012-03-19 2013-09-26 Mag Aerospace Industries, Inc. Lavabo alimenté par un système de pile à combustible
WO2018229937A1 (fr) 2017-06-15 2018-12-20 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif et procédé d'inférence d'intention
WO2019242957A1 (fr) 2018-06-18 2019-12-26 Siemens Mobility GmbH Installation d'alimentation en eau pour un véhicule sur rails
CN112786916A (zh) * 2021-01-21 2021-05-11 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种燃料电池产水产热利用系统、轨道交通车辆及方法

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