WO2023207100A1 - 一种电机后置直驱主轴 - Google Patents

一种电机后置直驱主轴 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023207100A1
WO2023207100A1 PCT/CN2022/136821 CN2022136821W WO2023207100A1 WO 2023207100 A1 WO2023207100 A1 WO 2023207100A1 CN 2022136821 W CN2022136821 W CN 2022136821W WO 2023207100 A1 WO2023207100 A1 WO 2023207100A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
spindle
bearing
balance
mandrel
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PCT/CN2022/136821
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈玉峰
侯颜博
杜长林
任志辉
宋明山
蔡春刚
范春宏
郭翠娟
王连炀
李亚鹏
贺行健
宫兴林
鲍文禄
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科德数控股份有限公司
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Application filed by 科德数控股份有限公司 filed Critical 科德数控股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023207100A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023207100A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
    • B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of processing machine tools, and in particular to a motor rear-mounted direct-drive spindle.
  • the electric spindle is a mechatronic functional component that integrates the spindle motor inside to realize power conversion and output. It is characterized by its compact structure and suitability for high-speed cutting processing.
  • the built-in motor of the electric spindle is placed in the middle of two sets of supporting bearing components.
  • the heat generated by the stator and rotor of the built-in motor has a greater thermal impact on the bearings and output end of the electric spindle, which affects the working conditions of the output end bearing. Deterioration, the heat dissipation of the mandrel is not good, and the thermal expansion of the spindle is large.
  • the invention discloses a post-motor direct-drive spindle.
  • the post-motor spindle is completely exposed, so that the motor is far away from the core shaft, improving heat dissipation and reducing the thermal elongation of the spindle.
  • a motor rear-mounted direct-drive spindle includes a spindle box, a spindle that is rotatably arranged inside the spindle box, a bearing and a torque motor.
  • the bearing includes a first bearing that supports the spindle in radial and axial directions.
  • the second bearing, the first bearing and the second bearing are both arranged inside the spindle box; one end of the spindle extends to the outside of the spindle box, the torque motor and the spindle box are arranged along the axial direction, so
  • the torque motor includes a rotor and a stator.
  • the end of the core shaft located outside the spindle box is plugged into the end of the rotor.
  • the rotor and the core shaft are fixedly connected.
  • the rotor is provided with a connecting disk along its radial direction, and a connecting bolt is provided on the connecting disk.
  • the connecting bolt connects the mandrel and the connecting disk.
  • a heat insulation ring or a labyrinth structure is provided between the torque motor and the spindle box.
  • the labyrinth structure is arranged on the side of the heat insulation ring facing the torque motor.
  • one end of the rotor away from the core shaft is also provided with a brake disc and a plurality of clamps, and the plurality of clamps are arranged symmetrically at multiple points along the circumferential direction of the brake disc.
  • the brake disc is made of special steel, and the thickness of the brake disc is 1 mm, forming a brake disc structure with a certain deformation ability.
  • one end of the spindle box away from the torque motor is provided with a dynamic balance probe.
  • the dynamic balance probe can detect the unbalance of the mandrel after the workpiece is installed.
  • the end of the mandrel is provided with a probe that can adjust the balance according to the dynamic balance
  • the measuring probe measuring structure is an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the dynamic balance.
  • the adjustment mechanism includes a balance plate and a plurality of balance adjustment blocks.
  • the plurality of balance adjustment blocks are slidingly connected to the balance plate respectively.
  • a top wire is provided between the balance adjustment block and the balance plate. The top wire Threaded connection with balance adjustment block;
  • the balance plate is provided with a scale, and the balance adjustment block is provided with an indicator arrow.
  • an annular sliding groove is provided on the balance plate. From the opening end of the sliding groove to the bottom wall of the sliding groove, the inner diameter of the sliding groove gradually increases, and the balance adjustment block is arranged in a trapezoid shape.
  • the spindle box is provided with a cooling water channel capable of cooling the first bearing.
  • the motor is rear-mounted, so that the torque motor is completely exposed outside the spindle box. Since the spindle needs to be run-in for normal operation, when the temperature rise of the spindle is constant, the heat generation is equal to the heat dissipation.
  • the third motor in the rear-mounted motor structure The heat of the first bearing and the heat of the second bearing are constant through the heat dissipation of the spindle box, and the temperature is constant and the temperature rise is low, thereby achieving small thermal elongation of the spindle;
  • the torque motor has the advantages of small axial size, low inertia, light weight, fast response, and small transmitted noise and vibration, the overall structure size difference between the external motor and the centrally arranged motor is small.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the motor rear-mounted direct-drive spindle disclosed in the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial exploded view of the rear-mounted direct-drive spindle of the motor disclosed in the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the rear-mounted direct-drive spindle of the motor disclosed in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along the line B-B in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of part C in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of part D in Figure 6.
  • Torque motor In the picture: 1. Torque motor; 11. Rotor; 111. Mounting flange; 112. Encoder flange; 12. Stator; 13. Housing; 2. Spindle box; 3. Spindle; 41. First bearing ; 42. Second bearing; 51. Inner spacer; 52. Outer spacer; 6. Cooling water channel; 61. Water inlet channel; 62. Water outlet channel; 71. Connecting disc; 72. Connecting bolts; 81. Brake disc ; 82. Clamp; 9. Cooling water system; 91. Water cooling joint; 10. Insulation ring; 101. Labyrinth structure; 20. Dynamic balancing probe; 30. Adjustment mechanism; 301. Balance plate; 3011. Sliding groove ; 3012. Scale; 302. Balance adjustment block; 303. Top screw.
  • a rear-motor direct-drive spindle is installed on a CNC machine tool. Referring to Figure 1, it includes a torque motor 1 and a spindle box 2 arranged side by side in the axial direction.
  • the spindle box 2 has an installation cavity on one side facing the torque motor 1.
  • the end of the torque motor 1 is plugged into the inside of the spindle box 2, and the torque motor 1 and the spindle box 2 are connected together by screws, forming a rear-mounted structure of the main motor, which reduces the thermal impact between the motor and the bearings.
  • the torque motor 1 is completely exposed outside the spindle box 2 to ensure the heat dissipation of the torque motor 1.
  • the torque motor 1 has the advantages of small axial size, low inertia, light weight, quick response, and small transmitted noise and vibration. It can ensure that the overall volume after assembly is small.
  • the spindle box 2 is a fully enclosed cylinder.
  • the spindle box 2 has a circular through hole along its axis.
  • a mandrel 3 is installed at the circular through hole of the spindle box 2.
  • the mandrel 3 One end close to the torque motor 1 extends to the outside of the spindle box 2 and is connected with the torque motor 1 so that the spindle 3 can be driven to rotate when the torque motor 1 is started.
  • bearings are installed inside the spindle box 2.
  • the bearings include a first bearing 41 and a second bearing 42 that support the core shaft 3 in the radial and axial directions.
  • the first bearing 41 is installed on the core.
  • the shaft 3 is at one end away from the torque motor 1, and the second bearing 42 is arranged at the end close to the torque motor 1.
  • Inner spacers 51 and outer spacers 52 are respectively provided on both sides of the first bearing 41 in the axial direction and on both sides of the second bearing 42 in the axial direction.
  • the inner spacers 51 of the first bearing 41 and the inner spacers 51 of the second bearing 42 are The one-piece structure realizes the position restriction of the bearing under the action of the inner spacer 51 and the outer spacer 52.
  • the spindle box 2 is provided with a cooling water channel 6 capable of cooling the second bearing 42.
  • the cooling water channel 6 is arranged in an annular shape, and the cooling water channel 6 is sleeved around the second bearing 42.
  • the cooling water channel 6 includes a water inlet channel 61 and a water outlet channel 62.
  • the water inlet channel 61 and the water outlet channel 62 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the spindle box 2.
  • the water inlet channel 61 is located below the spindle box 2, and the water outlet channel 62 is located at the bottom of the spindle box 2.
  • Above the spindle box 2 the water inlet channel 61 and the water outlet channel 62 are both inclined, which can cool the second bearing 42 and thereby reduce the thermal elongation of the core shaft 3 .
  • the torque motor 1 includes a rotor 11, a stator 12 and a casing 13.
  • the stator 12 and the casing 13 are fixedly connected.
  • the rotor 11 is provided with a plug-in cavity in the axial direction, and the end of the core shaft 3 is plugged into the inside of the plug-in cavity.
  • the rotor 11 has an annular connecting disk 71 extending inward along its radial direction to connect The end surface of the disk 71 is flush with the end surface of the spindle 3; a plurality of connecting bolts 72 are provided on the connecting disk 71, and the plurality of connecting bolts 72 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the connecting disk 71.
  • the connecting bolts 72 located outside the spindle box 2
  • the end of the core shaft 3 is inserted into the interior of the rotor 11.
  • the core shaft 3 and the rotor 11 are fixedly connected together to realize the rotational driving of the core shaft 3.
  • the temperature rise of the rotor 11 and the core shaft 3 is constant, and the heat generated is equal to the heat dissipation.
  • a brake disc 81 is fixed on the side of the torque motor 1 away from the spindle box 2.
  • the brake disc 81 is an annular disc-shaped structure made of special steel.
  • the thickness of the brake disc 81 is preferably 1mm.
  • the structure of the brake disc 81 with a certain deformation ability makes the brake disc 81 an elastomer.
  • the end of the rotor 11 away from the core shaft 3 is fixed with a mounting flange 111 and an encoder.
  • the encoder is fixed at the end of the rotor 11 through the encoder flange 112; the brake disc 81 and the mounting flange 111 are connected together by screws.
  • the brake disc 81 and the rotor 11 are integrally and rigidly connected.
  • a plurality of clamps 82 are provided in the circumferential direction of the brake disc 81 , and the plurality of clamps 82 are symmetrically arranged at multiple points along the circumferential direction of the brake disc 81 .
  • multiple groups of clamps 82 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the brake disc 81.
  • one group of clamps 82 is taken as an example.
  • the two clamps 82 located in the same group are The brake disc 81 is arranged symmetrically with the center of the circle.
  • the clamp 82 is preferably a high-precision clamp 82, and further preferably a hydraulic clamp 82.
  • the brake disc 81 When the brake disc 81 receives the locking command, the hydraulic oil enters the locking clamp 82, and the clamp 82 is thrust by the hydraulic oil.
  • the caliper 82 squeezes the brake disc 81, and the friction between the brake disc 81 and the caliper 82 generates a locking torque.
  • the caliper 82 pushes the brake disc 81 forward and slightly moves the brake disc 81 to fit the rotor 11.
  • the brake disc 81 is an elastomer.
  • the brake disc 81 is deformed, and the rotor 11 does not have radial deformation, so that the core shaft 3 does not have radial deformation; if the brake disc 81 is rigid enough, the braking force will drive the rotor 11 and the core Shaft 3 produces radial deformation, which brings load to the bearing and seriously affects the bearing life.
  • the torque motor 1 is also provided with a cooling water system 9 capable of cooling the stator 12 .
  • the cooling water system 9 includes a water-cooling joint 91 and a water-cooling pipe. Cooling liquid is introduced into the water-cooling pipe through the water-cooling joint 91 to cool the stator 12.
  • annular heat insulation ring 10 is provided between the torque motor 1 and the spindle box 2, and the heat insulation ring 10 and the spindle box 2 are connected together by screws.
  • a labyrinth structure 101 is arranged on the side of the heat insulation ring 10 facing the torque motor 1.
  • the labyrinth structure 101 is composed of a plurality of spirally arranged annular grooves. The plurality of annular grooves are concentrically arranged so that the heat generated by the torque motor 1 is not easily transferred to the spindle box. Body 2 further reduces the thermal impact between the motor and the bearings.
  • Mandrel 3 only performs dynamic balancing testing and adjustment on the axis system of Mandrel 3. Users tend to have a heavier weight when processing workpieces. Processing such parts will produce vibrations and it is difficult to increase the speed of Mandrel 3, which will damage the bearings of Mandrel 3.
  • a dynamic balance probe 20 and an adjustment mechanism 30 are arranged on the side of the spindle box 2 away from the torque motor 1.
  • the dynamic balance probe 20 is preferably a high-precision dynamic balance probe for machine tools.
  • the dynamic balance probe 20 has functions such as harmonic vibration analysis, can analyze the unbalanced vibration of the mandrel 3 in real time, and can detect the unbalance amount of the mandrel 3 after the workpiece is installed.
  • the adjustment mechanism 30 includes a circular balance plate 301 and a balance adjustment block 302.
  • the balance plate 301 can adjust the dynamic balance according to the measurement results of the dynamic balance probe 20.
  • the balance plate 301 is arranged in an annular disk shape. 301 is parallel to the brake disc 81, and the balance disc 301 and the spindle 3 are connected together by screws.
  • an annular sliding groove 3011 is provided on the side of the balance plate 301 facing away from the spindle box 2.
  • the sliding groove 3011 is arranged at the edge of the balance plate 301, from the open end of the sliding groove 3011 to the sliding groove.
  • On the bottom wall of the sliding groove 3011 the inner diameter of the sliding groove 3011 gradually increases.
  • the axial cross-section of the sliding groove 3011 is trapezoidal; there are multiple balance adjustment blocks 302, and the multiple balance adjustment blocks 302 are along the circumferential direction of the balance plate 301. Arranged at equal intervals, the eccentricity of different workpieces can be balanced.
  • the balance adjustment block 302 is arranged in a trapezoid shape, and the balance adjustment block 302 is embedded inside the sliding groove 3011, so that the balance adjustment block 302 and the sliding groove 3011 fit together in a dovetail shape.
  • the balance adjustment block 302 is slidingly connected to the balance plate 301. By adjusting the positions of different balance adjustment blocks 302 on the balance plate 301, the center of gravity of the balance plate 301 can be adjusted.
  • the balance adjustment block 302 is provided with a threaded hole, and a jackscrew 303 is passed through the threaded hole.
  • the jackscrew 303 is threadedly connected to the balance adjustment block 302, and the end of the jackscrew 303 passes through the balance adjustment block.
  • 302 is in contact with the bottom wall of the sliding groove 3011, and the center of gravity of the balance plate 301 can be adjusted by locking the balance adjustment block 302 with the top screw 303.
  • a scale 3012 is provided on the edge of the balance plate 301 , and an arrow indicating the scale 3012 is provided on the balance adjustment block 302 , and the arrow is located at the center of the balance adjustment block 302 .
  • the vibration of the mandrel 3 caused by the eccentric weight of the workpiece makes it difficult for the mandrel 3 to rotate at a high speed, and the vibration causes great damage to the bearings of the mandrel 3.
  • the dynamic balance of the spindle shaft system is adjusted quantitatively.
  • the balance adjustment block 302 is locked with a jackscrew 303, which is easy to install. The higher the rotation speed of the core shaft 3, the tighter the balance adjustment block 302 acts on the separation force.
  • the implementation principle of this application is as follows: using a rear-mounted motor, so that the torque motor 1 is completely exposed outside the spindle box 2, forming a rear-mounted structure of the main motor, which reduces the thermal influence between the motor and the bearing; moving the core shaft 3 close to One end of the torque motor 1 extends to the outside of the spindle box 2 and is connected with the torque motor 1. While realizing the rotational driving of the spindle 3, the torque motor 1 and the spindle 3 are kept away from each other. Since the spindle 3 and the torque motor 1. The rotor 11 needs to run in during the rotation, so that the temperature rise of the rotor 11 and the core shaft 3 is constant, and the heat generation is equal to the heat dissipation.
  • the torque motor 1 By placing the torque motor 1 at the rear, the heat of the torque motor 1 is easily dissipated, the temperature is constant, and the temperature rise is low. , resulting in a small thermal elongation of the spindle 3, which fundamentally changes the structural characteristics of the electric spindle, so that when the electric spindle is operating normally, the heat emitted by the torque motor 1 has little thermal impact on the output end of the spindle 3.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电机后置直驱主轴，包括主轴箱体、转动设置于主轴箱体内部的芯轴、轴承和力矩电机，所述轴承包括实现对芯轴的径向和轴向支承的第一轴承和第二轴承，所述第一轴承和第二轴承均设置于主轴箱体的内部；所述芯轴的一端延伸至主轴箱体的外部，所述力矩电机和主轴箱体沿轴向排列，所述力矩电机包括转子和定子，位于所述主轴箱体外部的芯轴端部和转子的端部插接，所述转子和芯轴固定连接。本发明公开的一种电机后置直驱主轴，采用电机后置主轴电机全部裸露在外，使得电机远离芯轴，提高散热性，减小主轴的热伸长量。

Description

一种电机后置直驱主轴 技术领域
本发明涉及加工机床技术领域，尤其涉及一种电机后置直驱主轴。
背景技术
电主轴是将主轴电机内装、实现动力转换和输出的机电一体化的功能部件，以结构紧凑、适用于高速切削加工为显著特点。
目前电主轴的内装电机是置于两组支承轴承部件的中间，高速运行过程中内装电机定、转子所产生的热量对电主轴轴承和输出端的热影响较大，使输出端轴承的工况条件恶化，芯轴散热不好、主轴热伸长大。
因此，急需提出一种电机的主轴结构，从机械结构和主轴平衡角度，解决电机中间布置结构的电机在高速运转时，芯轴散热不好、主轴热伸长大的问题。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种电机后置直驱主轴，采用电机后置主轴电机全部裸露在外，使得电机远离芯轴，提高散热性，减小主轴的热伸长量。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种电机后置直驱主轴，包括主轴箱体、转动设置于主轴箱体内部的芯轴、轴承和力矩电机，所述轴承包括实现对芯轴的径向和轴向支承的第一轴承和第二轴承，所述第一轴承和第二轴承均设置于主轴箱体的内部；所述芯轴的一端延伸至主轴箱体的外部，所述力矩电机和主轴箱体沿轴向排列，所述力矩电机包括转子和定子，位于所述主轴箱体外部的芯轴端部和转子的端部插接，所述转子和芯轴固定连接。
进一步地，所述转子沿其径向方向设置有连接盘，所述连接盘上 设置有连接螺栓，当所述芯轴的端面和连接盘接触时，所述连接螺栓连接芯轴和连接盘。
进一步地，所述力矩电机和主轴箱体之间还设置有隔热环或迷宫结构。
进一步地，所述迷宫结构布设于隔热环朝向力矩电机的一侧。
进一步地，所述转子远离芯轴的一端还设置有刹车盘和多个钳夹，多个所述钳夹沿刹车盘的周向方向呈多点对称排布。
进一步地，所述刹车盘采用特种钢材制成，所述刹车盘的厚度为1mm，构成具有一定形变能力的刹车盘结构。
进一步地，所述主轴箱体远离力矩电机的一端设置有动平衡测头，所述动平衡测头能够检测安装工件后芯轴的不平衡量，所述芯轴的端部设置有能够根据动平衡测头测量结构调整动平衡的调整机构。
进一步地，所述调整机构包括平衡盘和多个平衡调整块，多个所述平衡调整块分别和平衡盘滑动连接，所述平衡调整块和平衡盘之间设置有顶丝，所述顶丝和平衡调整块螺纹连接；
所述平衡盘上设置有刻度，所述平衡调整块上设置有指示箭头。
进一步地，所述平衡盘上开设有环形的滑移槽，从滑移槽开口端至滑移槽底壁，所述滑移槽的内径逐渐增大，所述平衡调整块设置为梯形。
进一步地，所述主轴箱体上设置有能够对第一轴承进行冷却的冷却水通道。
本发明公开的一种电机后置直驱主轴的有益效果：
1、采用电机后置，使得力矩电机全部裸露在主轴箱体的外部，由于芯轴正常工作都是需要跑合，芯轴温升恒定时，发热量等于散热量，后置电机结构中的第一轴承热量和第二轴承热量通过主轴箱体的散热达到恒定，温度恒定温升低，从而实现主轴热伸长小；
2、由于力矩电机具有轴向尺寸小、惯量低、重量轻、响应迅速、传递的噪声和震动小的优点，使得电机外置后的整体结构与电机中间布置时的整体结构尺寸相差较小。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明公开的电机后置直驱主轴的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明公开的电机后置直驱主轴的部分爆炸图；
图3为图1的俯视图；
图4为图3中的A-A向的剖视图；
图5为本发明公开的电机后置直驱主轴的俯视图；
图6为图5中的B-B向的剖视图；
图7为图6中的C部放大图；
图8为图6中的D部放大图。
图中：1、力矩电机；11、转子；111、安装法兰；112、编码器法兰；12、定子；13、机壳；2、主轴箱体；3、芯轴；41、第一轴承；42、第二轴承；51、内隔套；52、外隔套；6、冷却水通道；61、进水通道；62、出水通道；71、连接盘；72、连接螺栓；81、刹车盘；82、钳夹；9、冷却水系统；91、水冷接头；10、隔热环；101、迷宫结构；20、动平衡测头；30、调整机构；301、平衡盘；3011、滑移槽；3012、刻度；302、平衡调整块；303、顶丝。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图1-8，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种电机后置直驱主轴，安装在数控机床上，参照图1，包括轴向并排设置的力矩电机1和主轴箱体2，主轴箱体2朝向力矩电机1的一侧开设有安装腔，力矩电机1的端部插接于主轴箱体2的内部，且力矩电机1和主轴箱体2通过螺钉连接在一起，构成主电机后置式结构，减少了电机和轴承相互之间的热影响，进而使力矩电机1全部裸露在主轴箱体2外部，保证力矩电机1的散热性，同时力矩电机1具有轴向尺寸小，惯量低，重量轻，响应迅速，传递的噪声和震动小等优点，能够保证组装后整体的体积较小。
结合图1和图2，主轴箱体2为全封闭式的圆柱体，主轴箱体2沿其轴线方向开设有圆通孔，在主轴箱体2的圆通孔处安装有芯轴3，芯轴3靠近力矩电机1的一端延伸至主轴箱体2的外部并和力矩电机1连接在一起，使得启动力矩电机1时能够驱动芯轴3旋转。
结合图1和图2，主轴箱体2的内部安装有轴承，轴承包括实现对芯轴3的径向和轴向支承的第一轴承41和第二轴承42，其中第一轴承41安装于芯轴3远离力矩电机1的一端，第二轴承42布设于靠近力矩电机1的一端，通过第一轴承41和第二轴承42的配合，实现芯轴3和主轴箱体2之间的转动。第一轴承41轴向的两侧和第二轴承42轴向的两侧分别设置有内隔套51和外隔套52，第一轴承41内隔套51和第二轴承42内隔套51为一体式结构，在内隔套51和外隔套52的作用下，实现对轴承的位置限制。
结合图3和图4，主轴箱体2上布设有能够对第二轴承42进行冷却的冷却水通道6，冷却水通道6成环形设置，冷却水通道6套设于第二轴承42的一周，冷却水通道6包括进水通道61和出水通道62，进水通道61和出水通道62分别位于主轴箱体2的上下两侧，其中进水通道61位于主轴箱体2的下方，出水通道62位于主轴箱体2的上方，进水通道61和出水通道62均呈倾斜设置，能够实现对第二轴承42的冷却降温，进而能够减小芯轴3的热伸长。
结合图5和图6，力矩电机1包括转子11和定子12以及机壳13，定子12和机壳13固定连接。
结合图6和图7，转子11轴向方向开设有插接腔，芯轴3的端 部插接于插接腔的内部，转子11沿其径向方向向内延伸有环状的连接盘71，连接盘71端面和芯轴3端面平齐；连接盘71上设置有多个连接螺栓72，多个连接螺栓72沿连接盘71的周向方向等间隔布设，安装时，位于主轴箱体2外部的芯轴3的端部插接于转子11内部，在连接盘71和连接螺栓72的作用下，将芯轴3和转子11固定连接在一起，实现对芯轴3旋转驱动。同时，由于芯轴3和力矩电机1转子11旋转过程中都需要跑合，使得转子11和芯轴3升温恒定，发热量等于散热量，通过将力矩电机1后置，力矩电机1的热量容易散出，温度恒定，温升低，使得芯轴3热伸长小。
结合图2和图6，力矩电机1远离主轴箱体2的一侧固设有刹车盘81，刹车盘81由特种钢材制成的环形圆盘状结构，刹车盘81的厚度优选为1mm，构成具有一定形变能力的刹车盘81结构，使得刹车盘81为弹性体。转子11远离芯轴3的一端固设有安装法兰111和编码器，编码器通过编码器法兰112固设于转子11的端部；刹车盘81和安装法兰111通过螺钉连接在一起，使得刹车盘81和转子11成为一体刚性连接。
结合图2和图6，刹车盘81的周向方向设置有多个钳夹82，多个钳夹82沿刹车盘81的周向方向呈多点对称排布。以每两个钳夹82为一组，刹车盘81的周向方向布设有多组钳夹82，在本实施例中以一组钳夹82为例，位于同一组的两个钳夹82以刹车盘81圆心为中心对称布设。钳夹82优选为高精钳夹82，更进一步的优选为液压钳夹82，当刹车盘81接收到锁紧指令时，液压油进入锁紧钳夹82，钳夹82受到液压油的推力使得钳夹82挤压刹车盘81，通过刹车盘81和钳夹82的摩擦力产生锁紧扭矩，在锁紧的过程中钳夹82推动刹车盘81向前微动刹车盘81和转子11贴合，刹车盘81是弹性体，此时刹车盘81变形，转子11没有产生径向变形，从而使得芯轴3没有产生径向的变形；如果刹车盘81刚性足，刹车力会带动转子11和芯轴3产生径向变形，给轴承带来负载，严重影响轴承寿命。
结合图2和图6，力矩电机1上还布设有能够对定子12进行冷却的冷却水系统9。冷却水系统9包括水冷接头91和水冷管道，通 过水冷接头91向水冷管道内通入冷却液，实现对定子12的降温。
结合图6和图7，力矩电机1和主轴箱体2之间设置有环形的隔热环10，隔热环10和主轴箱体2通过螺钉连接在一起。隔热环10朝向力矩电机1的一侧布设有迷宫结构101，迷宫结构101由螺旋状布设的多个环形槽构成，多个环形槽同心设置，使得力矩电机1产生的热量不易传递到主轴箱体2，进一步减少了电机和轴承相互之间的热影响。
目前芯轴3只对芯轴3轴系进行动平衡检测和调整，用户在加工工件的毛料有偏重的情况，加工这类零件会产生震动芯轴3转速很难提高，对芯轴3轴承损害大，为了解决这个问题，结合图6和图8，在主轴箱体2远离力矩电机1的一侧布设有动平衡测头20和调整机构30，动平衡测头20优选为机床用高精度动平衡检测仪，该动平衡测头20具有谐波振动分析等功能，能够实时对芯轴3不平衡振动分析，可以检测安装工件后芯轴3的不平衡量。
结合图6和图8，调整机构30包括圆形的平衡盘301和平衡调整块302，平衡盘301可以根据动平衡测头20测量结果调整动平衡，平衡盘301成环形盘状设置，平衡盘301和刹车盘81平行，平衡盘301和芯轴3通过螺钉连接在一起。
结合图6和图8，平衡盘301背向主轴箱体2的一侧开设有环形的滑移槽3011，滑移槽3011布设于平衡盘301的边缘处，从滑移槽3011开口端至滑移槽3011底壁，滑移槽3011的内径逐渐增大，此时滑移槽3011的轴向截面为梯形；平衡调整块302为多个，多个平衡调整块302沿平衡盘301的圆周方向等间隔布设，进而可以对不同工件的偏心量进行平衡。
结合图6和图8，平衡调整块302成梯形设置，平衡调整块302嵌设于滑移槽3011的内部，使得平衡调整块302和滑移槽3011为燕尾形状配合。平衡调整块302和平衡盘301滑动连接，通过调整不同的平衡调整块302在平衡盘301上的位置，实现对平衡盘301重心的调整。
结合图6和图8，平衡调整块302上开设有螺纹孔，该螺纹孔处 穿设有顶丝303，顶丝303和平衡调整块302螺纹连接，顶丝303的端部贯穿于平衡调整块302后和滑移槽3011底壁接触，通过顶丝303锁紧平衡调整块302能够实现对平衡盘301重心的调整。
结合图6和图8，平衡盘301的边缘处设置有刻度3012，平衡调整块302的上设置有能够指示刻度3012的箭头，箭头位于平衡调整块302的中心处。当连接工件时，工件重量偏心导致的芯轴3震动，使得芯轴3很难高转速，震动对芯轴3的轴承损害大，通过增加动平衡测头20和调整机构30可以按检测数据增量数量调整主轴轴系的动平衡，平衡调整块302用顶丝303锁紧，安装方便，芯轴3转速越高，平衡调整块302在离力作用越紧密。
本申请的实施原理为：采用电机后置，使得力矩电机1全部裸露在主轴箱体2的外部，构成主电机后置式结构，减少了电机和轴承相互之间的热影响；将芯轴3靠近力矩电机1的一端延伸至主轴箱体2的外部并和力矩电机1连接在一起，在实现对芯轴3旋转驱动的同时，将力矩电机1和芯轴3远离，由于芯轴3和力矩电机1转子11旋转过程中都需要跑合，使得转子11和芯轴3升温恒定，发热量等于散热量，通过将力矩电机1后置，力矩电机1的热量容易散出，温度恒定，温升低，使得芯轴3热伸长小，进而从根本上改变了电主轴的结构特点，使其在实现电主轴正常运行下，力矩电机1所散发的热量对芯轴3输出端的热影响很小。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，包括主轴箱体(2)、转动设置于主轴箱体(2)内部的芯轴(3)、轴承和力矩电机(1)，所述轴承包括实现对芯轴(3)的径向和轴向支承的第一轴承(41)和第二轴承(42)，所述第一轴承(41)和第二轴承(42)均设置于主轴箱体(2)的内部；所述芯轴(3)的一端延伸至主轴箱体(2)的外部，所述力矩电机(1)和主轴箱体(2)沿轴向排列，所述力矩电机(1)包括转子(11)和定子(12)，位于所述主轴箱体(2)外部的芯轴(3)端部和转子(11)的端部插接，所述转子(11)和芯轴(3)固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述转子(11)沿其径向方向设置有连接盘(71)，所述连接盘(71)上设置有连接螺栓(72)，当所述芯轴(3)的端面和连接盘(71)接触时，所述连接螺栓(72)连接芯轴(3)和连接盘(71)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述力矩电机(1)和主轴箱体(2)之间还设置有隔热环(10)或迷宫结构(101)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述迷宫结构(101)布设于隔热环(10)朝向力矩电机(1)的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述转子(11)远离芯轴(3)的一端还设置有刹车盘(81)和多个钳夹(82)，多个所述钳夹(82)沿刹车盘(81)的周向方向呈多点对称排布。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述刹车盘(81)采用特种钢材制成，所述刹车盘(81)的厚度为1mm，构成具有一定形变能力的刹车盘(81)结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述主轴箱体(2)远离力矩电机(1)的一端设置有动平衡测头(20)，所述动平衡测头(20)能够检测安装工件后芯轴(3)的不平衡量，所述芯轴(3)的端部设置有能够根据动平衡测头(20)测量结构调整动平衡的调整机构(30)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述调整机构(30)包括平衡盘(301)和多个平衡调整块(302)，多个所述 平衡调整块(302)分别和平衡盘(301)滑动连接，所述平衡调整块(302)和平衡盘(301)之间设置有顶丝(303)，所述顶丝(303)和平衡调整块(302)螺纹连接；
    所述平衡盘(301)上设置有刻度(3012)，所述平衡调整块(302)上设置有指示箭头。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述平衡盘(301)上开设有环形的滑移槽(3011)，从滑移槽(3011)开口端至滑移槽(3011)底壁，所述滑移槽(3011)的内径逐渐增大，所述平衡调整块(302)设置为梯形。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电机后置直驱主轴，其特征在于，所述主轴箱体(2)上设置有能够对第一轴承(41)进行冷却的冷却水通道(6)。
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