WO2020134042A1 - 一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备及其测试方法 - Google Patents

一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备及其测试方法 Download PDF

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WO2020134042A1
WO2020134042A1 PCT/CN2019/096581 CN2019096581W WO2020134042A1 WO 2020134042 A1 WO2020134042 A1 WO 2020134042A1 CN 2019096581 W CN2019096581 W CN 2019096581W WO 2020134042 A1 WO2020134042 A1 WO 2020134042A1
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load
electric spindle
test bench
test
spindle
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PCT/CN2019/096581
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴智恒
陈启愉
张华伟
郭伟科
梁澜之
毛璐瑶
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广东省智能制造研究所
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Publication of WO2020134042A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134042A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/027—Test-benches with force-applying means, e.g. loading of drive shafts along several directions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis

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  • the invention relates to a high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing equipment and a testing method thereof.
  • the electric spindle is the core component of a high-speed CNC machine tool, and its performance directly determines the high-speed machining performance of the machine tool.
  • the electric spindle rotates at high speed during the work process, which requires high acceleration and deceleration performance, which puts higher requirements on the heat dissipation, lubrication and precision control of the electric spindle.
  • due to the heat generated by the spindle bearing and the built-in motor during the high-speed operation of the spindle it will cause a series of problems such as thermal deformation, vibration, and noise of the spindle, which will affect the machining accuracy.
  • the measurement of the noise and vibration of the electric spindle mainly depends on the worker using the traditional single vibration or noise as the evaluation reference, and it is impossible to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the true performance and operating conditions of the electric spindle.
  • the evaluation method cannot quickly reveal the potential failure mode of the electric spindle, which is not conducive to the improvement of the reliability and life of the electric spindle.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing device with compact structure and simple test operation, which can quickly test the reliability of the electric spindle and find the potential failure of the electric spindle. It is conducive to the targeted improvement of the electric spindle and improves the reliability life of the electric spindle.
  • a high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing equipment which is characterized by comprising: a test bench for installing an electric spindle, an electric spindle load applying device and a data acquisition system; an electric spindle load
  • the application device includes a load application shaft connected to the electric spindle and a load force application mechanism installed on the load application shaft;
  • the data acquisition system includes a computer, a sensor acquisition card, a test bench acceleration sensor installed on the test bench, and a separate installation
  • the temperature sensor and the spindle acceleration sensor on the electric spindle, the test bench acceleration sensor, the temperature sensor and the spindle acceleration sensor are respectively connected to the computer through a sensor acquisition card.
  • the load force applying mechanism is an eccentric disc sleeved on the load applying shaft, and an eccentric hole is opened on the eccentric disc.
  • the load force applying mechanism adopts a structure including a bearing assembly sleeved on the load applying shaft, the bearing assembly includes an inner ring, an outer ring, balls disposed between the inner and outer rings, and mounted on the outer ring
  • the axial bearing sleeve and the radial bearing sleeve are respectively connected with a load applying component on the axial bearing sleeve and the radial bearing sleeve.
  • the load applying component is composed of a force sensor installed on the bearing sleeve, a motor and a motor fixedly installed on the output shaft of the motor
  • the screw is composed of a motor, the motor is installed on the test bench through a bracket, and the screw is connected to the force sensor in contact, the force sensor is connected to the computer through the sensor acquisition card, and the start and stop of the motor is controlled by the computer .
  • the test platform includes a support platform, a support leg column fixed on the bottom surface of the support platform, a test platform fixed on the support platform by a post, and a plurality of weights fixed on the bottom surface of the test platform
  • a screw is also installed between the support plate and the test plate, and a nut and a spring are arranged on the screw.
  • the spring is sleeved on the screw and is located between the nut and the test plate.
  • a shock absorber is also fixed on the bottom end of the support leg.
  • the present invention further includes a soundproof cover.
  • the test bench and the electric spindle load applying device are placed in the soundproof cover.
  • the cover wall of the soundproof cover is a three-layer structure, and the outer shell, the soundproof layer and the Sound-absorbing layer. M10 screw holes with a pitch of 100x100mm are evenly distributed on the test bench plate.
  • the invention also provides a high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing method.
  • the above-mentioned high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing equipment includes the following steps:
  • step S2 Start the system, slowly adjust the speed of the electro-spindle from 0 to its maximum speed, realize the frequency sweep excitation of the test bench, and identify the natural frequency of the test bench by recording the response signal of the test bench acceleration sensor; if the test bench is available If the natural frequency is close to the speed during the accelerated life test of the electric spindle, the natural frequency of the test bench can be changed by adjusting the rigidity and quality of the test bench; if it is not close, step S3 is executed;
  • S4 Set the electro-spindle to the target speed, monitor its load, temperature and acceleration, save each sensor data obtained through the data acquisition card to the computer, and then use the signal analysis software to perform fault diagnosis and monitoring of the accelerated life process until the temperature If the acceleration signal is abnormal, the test will be terminated, and the cumulative running time of the electric spindle will be recorded, and the life test time will be accelerated for this sample.
  • the load force applying mechanism may adopt an eccentric disc structure to apply a fixed radial load; if the working scene of the electric spindle also exists For radial load and axial load, the two-way variable load is applied.
  • the computer connects the axial force sensor and the radial force sensor through the acquisition card to determine the load change, and then applies the motor by controlling the load
  • the rotation angle of the propeller screw is applied to the load cell of the force sensor to realize the load application of the force sensor.
  • the load is then transmitted to the electric spindle through the bearing sleeve, the outer ring of the bearing, and the load application shaft to achieve the feedback control of the electric spindle load.
  • the method for adjusting the stiffness and quality of the test bench in step S2 is specifically as follows: by changing the length of the middle support spring of the test bench to change the load of the support spring on the test bench top, the rigidity of the test bench is changed; by adjusting the back of the test bench The number of counterweights adjusts the overall quality of the test bench.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: compact structure, simple test operation, simulation of the load received by the electric spindle processing process through the load application mechanism, which can quickly test the reliability of the electric spindle, and the acceleration of the life of the electric spindle by the data acquisition system.
  • the data is monitored to realize the collection and analysis of the electric spindle temperature, load force, vibration acceleration, and the potential failures of the electric spindle are found, which is conducive to the targeted improvement of the electric spindle and better improves the reliability life of the electric spindle.
  • the test bench's natural frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the test bench stiffness and quality to achieve accelerated life testing of electric spindles with different speeds and qualities.
  • the soundproof box can be used to close the electric spindle test bench, cut off the sound transmission of the electric spindle test bench and the external space, and reduce the noise impact of the electric spindle accelerated life test bench on the external space.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test bench in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric spindle load applying device in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the electric spindle load applying device of the present invention.
  • a high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing device of the present invention includes a test bench 1 for installing an electric spindle, an electric spindle load applying device 2 and a data acquisition system.
  • the test bench 1 includes a support platform 11, a support leg 12 fixed on the bottom surface of the support platform, a test platform 13 and a plurality of weights 14 fixed on the bottom surface of the test platform, and the test platform 13 passes through the post 15 is fixed above the support table 11.
  • a screw 16 is also installed between the support plate 11 and the test plate 13.
  • a nut 17 and a spring 18 are provided on the screw 16.
  • the spring 18 is sleeved on the screw 17 and is located between the nut 17 and the test plate 13.
  • a shock absorber 19 is also fixed on the bottom end of the support leg 12.
  • M10 screw holes with a pitch of 100x100mm are evenly distributed on the test board 13 and can be used as test installation holes to facilitate the installation of the tested electric spindle.
  • the electric spindle load applying device 2 includes a load applying shaft 21 connected to the electric spindle and a load force applying mechanism 22 mounted on the load applying shaft.
  • the load force applying mechanism 22 is an eccentric disk with an eccentric hole 220, the eccentric disk Set on the load application shaft 21; different loads can be applied by selecting eccentric discs with different masses and eccentric hole positions.
  • the application mechanism 22 includes a bearing assembly sleeved on the load application shaft.
  • the bearing assembly includes an inner ring 221, an outer ring 222, balls 223 disposed between the inner and outer rings, and an axial bearing sleeve 224 and a radial bearing sleeve 225 mounted on the outer ring.
  • a load applying assembly 26, 27 is connected to the axial bearing sleeve 224 and the radial bearing sleeve 225, respectively.
  • the load applying assembly 26 is composed of an axial force sensor 261, an axial force applying motor 262, and an axial screw 263 fixedly connected to the output shaft of the axial force applying motor, wherein the axial force sensor 261 is installed on the axial bearing sleeve 224 Up, the axial screw 263 is in contact connection with the axial force sensor 261.
  • the load applying assembly 27 is composed of a radial force sensor 271, a radial force applying motor 272 and a radial screw 273 fixedly connected to the output shaft of the radial force applying motor, wherein the radial force sensor 261 is mounted on the radial bearing sleeve 225 At the top, the radial screw 273 is in contact connection with the radial force sensor 271.
  • the axial force applying motor 262 and the radial force applying motor 272 are fixed on the test table 13 through the bracket 28.
  • the data acquisition system includes a computer, a sensor acquisition card, a test bench acceleration sensor 31 installed on the test bench, a temperature sensor 32 and a spindle acceleration sensor 33 respectively installed on the electric spindle, the test bench acceleration sensor 31, the temperature sensor 32 and The spindle acceleration sensor 33, the axial force sensor 261 and the sensor radial force sensor 271 are respectively connected to the computer through a sensor acquisition card.
  • the start and stop of the axial force applying motor 262 and the radial force applying motor 272 are controlled by the computer.
  • the accelerated life testing device of the high-speed electric spindle of the present invention further includes a soundproof cover 4, and the test bench 1 and the electric spindle load applying device 2 are placed in the soundproof cover 4.
  • the cover wall of the soundproof cover 4 has a three-layer structure, and from the outside to the inside are a housing 41, a soundproof layer 42 and a sound absorption layer 43 in this order.
  • the invention also provides a high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing method.
  • the above-mentioned high-speed electric spindle accelerated life testing equipment includes the following steps:
  • the electric spindle 5 to be tested is mounted on the test bench 13, and the temperature sensor 32 and the spindle acceleration sensor 33 are installed at the corresponding positions of the electric spindle 5.
  • step S2 Start the system, slowly adjust the speed of the electro-spindle 5 from 0 to its maximum speed, realize the frequency sweep excitation of the test bench 1, and record the response signal of the test bench acceleration sensor 31 to identify the natural frequency of the test bench; if the test The existing natural frequency of the table 1 is close to the rotating speed during the accelerated life test of the electric spindle. By adjusting the stiffness and quality of the test table 1, the natural frequency of the test table is changed; in order to avoid resonance with the rotating frequency of the electric spindle, it will affect the test effect. If they are not similar, step S3 is executed.
  • the load force applying mechanism may adopt an eccentric disk structure to apply a fixed radial load; if the working scene of the electric spindle is simultaneously If there are radial load and axial load, the two-way variable load is applied.
  • the computer connects the axial force sensor and the radial force sensor through the acquisition card to determine the change in the load, and then applies the control load
  • the rotation angle of the motor and the load mechanism of the propelling screw realize the load application of the force sensor.
  • the load is then transmitted to the electric spindle through the bearing sleeve, the outer ring of the bearing, and the load application shaft to achieve the feedback control of the electric spindle load.
  • the method for adjusting the stiffness and quality of the test bench 1 in step S2 is specifically as follows: by changing the length of the middle support spring of the test bench 1 to change the load of the support spring on the test bench top, the test bench rigidity is changed; by adjusting the test The number of counterweights on the back of the bench adjusts the overall quality of the test bench.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种高速电主轴（5）加速寿命测试设备，包括测试台（1）、电主轴载荷施加装置（2）和数据采集系统；电主轴载荷施加装置（2）包括载荷施加轴（21）和载荷力施加机构（22）；数据采集系统包括计算机、传感器采集卡、安装在测试台（1）上的测试台加速度传感器（31）、分别安装在电主轴（5）上的温度传感器（32）及主轴加速度传感器（33），测试台加速度传感器（31）、温度传感器（32）和主轴加速度传感器（33）分别通过传感器采集卡与计算机相连。通过载荷力施加机构（22）模拟电主轴（5）加工过程承受的载荷，能够快速对电主轴（5）可靠性进行实验，由数据采集系统对电主轴（5）加速寿命过程中的数据进行监控，实现电主轴（5）温度、载荷力、振动加速度的采集及分析，发现电主轴（5）存在的潜在故障，有利于对电主轴（5）针对性的改进。

Description

一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备及其测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备及其测试方法。
背景技术
电主轴是高速数控机床的核心部件，它的性能直接决定了机床的高速加工性能。电主轴在工作过程中高速旋转，要求其具有很高的加减速性能，这就对电主轴的散热、润滑及精密控制提出较高要求。同时主轴在高速运行过程中由于主轴轴承与内藏式电机发热，将会引起主轴热变形、振动、噪声，进而影响加工精度等一系列问题。在工业现场和企业实际生产中，对电主轴噪声及振动相关的测量主要是依靠工人采用传统的单一振动或者噪声为评价参考量，无法全面、准确的评价电主轴真实性能与运行工况，该评价方式无法快速显现电主轴的潜在故障模式，不利于电主轴的可靠性寿命的提升。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述已有技术的不足，提供一种结构紧凑、测验操作简便的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，能够快速对电主轴可靠性进行实验，发现电主轴存在的潜在故障，有利于对电主轴针对性的改进，提升电主轴的可靠性寿命。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：包括用于安装电主轴的测试台、电主轴载荷施加装置和数据采集系统；电主轴载荷施加装置包括连接在电主轴上的载荷施加轴和安装在载荷施加轴上的载荷力施加机构；所述数据采集系统包括计算机、传感器采集卡、安装在测试台上的测试台加速度传感器和分别安装在电主轴上的温度传感器及主轴加速度传感器，测试台加速度传感器、温度传感器和主轴加速度传感器分别通过传感器采集卡与计算机相连。
进一步地，所述载荷力施加机构为一套装在所述载荷施加轴上的偏心圆盘，在偏心圆盘上开设有一偏心孔。
或者，所述载荷力施加机构采用如下结构，其包括套装在所述载荷施加轴上的轴承组件，所述轴承组件包括内圈、外圈、设置在内外圈之间的滚珠和安装在外圈上的轴向轴承套及径向轴承套，在轴向轴承套和径向轴承套上分别连接有一载荷施加组件，载荷施加组件由安装在轴承套上的力传感器、电机和固定安装在电机输出轴上的螺杆构成，电机通过支架安装在所述测试台上，并使螺杆与所述力传感器接触连接，力传感器通过所述传感器采集卡与计算机相连，所述电机的启停由所述计算机控制。
进一步地，所述测试台包括支撑台板、固定在支撑台板底面上的支撑腿柱、通过立柱固定在支撑台板上方的测试台板和固定在测试台板底面上的多个配重块，在支撑台板和测试台板之间还安装有一螺杆，在螺杆上设有一螺母和一弹簧，弹簧套装在螺杆上且位于螺母和测试台板之间。优选地，在所述支撑腿柱底端部上还固定有减震器。
进一步地，本发明还包括一隔音罩，所述测试台和电主轴载荷施加装置放置在隔音罩内，所述隔音罩的罩壁为三层结构，由外到内依次为外壳、隔音层和吸音层。所述测试台板上均布有100x100mm间距的M10螺孔。
本发明还提供一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试方法，采用上述高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，包括如下步骤：
S1：将被测电主轴安装到测试台板上，并将温度传感器及主轴加速度传感器安装在电主轴对应位置上；
S2：启动系统，将电主轴的转速从0缓慢调整到其最高转速，实现对测试台的扫频激励，通过记录测试台加速度传感器的响应信号，识别测试台的固有频率；若测试台现有固有频率与电主轴加速寿命测试过程中的转速相近，则通过调整测试台的刚度及质量，改变测试台固有频率；若不相近，则执行步骤S3；
S3：根据电主轴的工作场景，通过载荷力施加机构给电主轴施加径向载荷和/或轴向载荷；
S4：设定电主轴到目标转速，监测其载荷、温度和加速度，通过数据采集卡将获得的各个传感器数据并保存到计算机，再通过信号分析软件，对加速寿命过程进行故障诊断监测，直到温度、加速度信号出现异常则终止测试，记录电主轴累计运转时间，则为此样本加速寿命测试时间。
进一步地，所述步骤S3中，若电主轴的工作场景只存在单独径向载荷，则所述载荷力施加机构可以采用偏心圆盘结构，施加固定径向载荷；若电主轴的工作场景同时存在径向载荷和轴向载荷的，采用双向可变载荷的施加方式，具体是在测试时，计算机通过采集卡连接轴向力传感器和径向力传感器，判断载荷的变化，再通过控制载荷施加电机的旋转角度，推进螺杆施加载荷机构实现力传感器的载荷施加，载荷再经轴承套、轴承外圈、载荷施加轴传递至电主轴，达到电主轴载荷反馈控制。
进一步地，所述步骤S2中测试台刚度及质量的调整方法具体如下：通过改变测试台中间支撑弹簧的长度改变支撑弹簧对测试台台面的载荷，使测试台刚度发生改变；通过调整测试台背面的配重块的数量，调整测试台的整体质量。
本发明的有益效果是：结构紧凑、测验操作简便，通过载荷力施加机构模拟电主轴 加工过程承受的载荷，能够快速对电主轴可靠性进行实验，由数据采集系统对电主轴加速寿命过程中的数据进行监控，实现电主轴温度、载荷力、振动加速度的采集及分析，发现电主轴存在的潜在故障，有利于对电主轴针对性的改进，更好提升电主轴的可靠性寿命。
另外，采用本发明中的测试台，可通过调整测试台刚度及质量，达到调整测试台自身固有频率，实现针对不同转速及质量的电主轴的加速寿命测试。而设置的隔音箱，可用于封闭电主轴试验台，隔断电主轴试验台及外部空间的声音传递，降低电主轴加速寿命试验台对外部空间的噪声影响。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明中测试台的结构示意图。
图3为本发明中电主轴载荷施加装置的一种结构示意图。
图4为本发明中电主轴载荷施加装置的另一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1、2所示，本发明一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，包括用于安装电主轴的测试台1、电主轴载荷施加装置2和数据采集系统。
其中，测试台1包括支撑台板11、固定在支撑台板底面上的支撑腿柱12、测试台板13和固定在测试台板底面上的多个配重块14，测试台板13通过立柱15固定在支撑台板11上方。在支撑台板11和测试台板13之间还安装有一螺杆16，在螺杆16上设有一螺母17和一弹簧18，弹簧18套装在螺杆17上且位于螺母17和测试台板13之间。优选地，在支撑腿柱12底端部上还固定有减震器19。在测试台板13上均布有100x100mm间距的M10螺孔，可作为测试安装孔，方便对被测电主轴的安装。
电主轴载荷施加装置2包括连接在电主轴上的载荷施加轴21和安装在载荷施加轴上的载荷力施加机构22。
测验时，当只需要提供径向载荷时，可以采用施加固定载荷的方式，具体结构可以是，如图3所示，载荷力施加机构22为一带有偏心孔220的偏心圆盘，偏心圆盘套装在载荷施加轴21上；可通过选择质量及偏心孔位置不同的偏心圆盘施加不同的载荷。
当需要同时提供径向载荷和轴向载荷时，采用双向可变载荷的施加方式，具体可采用如下结构，如图4所示，施加机构22包括套装在所述载荷施加轴上的轴承组件，所述轴承组件包括内圈221、外圈222、设置在内外圈之间的滚珠223和安装在外圈上的轴向轴承 套224及径向轴承套225。在轴向轴承套224和径向轴承套225上分别连接有一载荷施加组件26、27。载荷施加组件26由轴向力传感器261、轴向力施加电机262和固定连接在轴向力施加电机输出轴上的轴向螺杆263构成，其中，轴向力传感器261安装在轴向轴承套224上，轴向螺杆263与轴向力传感器261接触连接。载荷施加组件27由径向力传感器271、径向力施加电机272和固定连接在径向力施加电机输出轴上的径向螺杆273构成，其中，径向力传感器261安装在径向轴承套225上，径向螺杆273与径向力传感器271接触连接。轴向力施加电机262、径向力施加电机272通过支架28固定在测试台板13上。
所述数据采集系统包括计算机、传感器采集卡、安装在测试台上的测试台加速度传感器31和分别安装在电主轴上的温度传感器32及主轴加速度传感器33，测试台加速度传感器31、温度传感器32和主轴加速度传感器33、轴向力传感器261和传感器径向力传感器271分别通过传感器采集卡与计算机相连。轴向力施加电机262及径向力施加电机272的启停由计算机控制。
进一步地，本发明高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备还包括一隔音罩4，所述测试台1和电主轴载荷施加装置2放置在隔音罩4内。优选地，所述隔音罩4的罩壁为三层结构，由外到内依次为外壳41、隔音层42和吸音层43。
本发明还提供一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试方法，采用上述高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，包括如下步骤：
S1：将被测电主轴5安装到测试台板13上，并将温度传感器32及主轴加速度传感器33安装在电主轴5的对应位置上。
S2：启动系统，将电主轴5的转速从0缓慢调整到其最高转速，实现对测试台1的扫频激励，通过记录测试台加速度传感器31的响应信号，识别测试台的固有频率；若测试台1现有固有频率与电主轴加速寿命测试过程中的转速相近，则通过调整测试台1的刚度及质量，改变测试台固有频率；以免和电主轴转动频率接近而发生共振，影响测验效果。若不相近，则执行步骤S3。
S3：根据电主轴的工作场景，通过载荷力施加机构给电主轴施加径向载荷和/或轴向载荷。
S4：设定电主轴5到目标转速，监测其载荷、温度和加速度，通过数据采集卡将获得的各个传感器数据并保存到计算机，再通过信号分析软件，对加速寿命过程进行故障诊断监测，直到温度、加速度信号出现异常则终止测试，记录电主轴累计运转时间，则为此样本加速寿命测试时间。
进一步地，所述步骤S3中，若电主轴5的工作场景只存在单独径向载荷，则所述载荷力施加机构可以采用偏心圆盘结构，施加固定径向载荷；若电主轴的工作场景同时存在径向载荷和轴向载荷的，采用双向可变载荷的施加方式，具体是在测试时，计算机通过采集卡连接轴向力传感器和径向力传感器，判断载荷的变化，再通过控制载荷施加电机的旋转角度，推进螺杆施加载荷机构实现力传感器的载荷施加，载荷再经轴承套、轴承外圈、载荷施加轴传递至电主轴，达到电主轴载荷反馈控制。
进一步地，所述步骤S2中测试台1刚度及质量的调整方法具体如下：通过改变测试台1中间支撑弹簧的长度改变支撑弹簧对测试台台面的载荷，使测试台刚度发生改变；通过调整测试台背面的配重块的数量，调整测试台的整体质量。
以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换，均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：包括用于安装电主轴的测试台、电主轴载荷施加装置和数据采集系统；电主轴载荷施加装置包括连接在电主轴上的载荷施加轴和安装在载荷施加轴上的载荷力施加机构；所述数据采集系统包括计算机、传感器采集卡、安装在测试台上的测试台加速度传感器和分别安装在电主轴上的温度传感器及主轴加速度传感器，测试台加速度传感器、温度传感器和主轴加速度传感器分别通过传感器采集卡与计算机相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：所述载荷力施加机构为一套装在所述载荷施加轴上的偏心圆盘，在偏心圆盘上开设有一偏心孔。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：所述载荷力施加机构包括套装在所述载荷施加轴上的轴承组件，所述轴承组件包括内圈、外圈、设置在内外圈之间的滚珠和安装在外圈上的轴向轴承套及径向轴承套，在轴向轴承套和径向轴承套上分别连接有一载荷施加组件，载荷施加组件由安装在轴承套上的力传感器、电机和固定安装在电机输出轴上的螺杆构成，电机通过支架安装在所述测试台上，并使螺杆与所述力传感器接触连接，力传感器通过所述传感器采集卡与计算机相连，所述电机的启停由所述计算机控制。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：所述测试台包括支撑台板、固定在支撑台板底面上的支撑腿柱、通过立柱固定在支撑台板上方的测试台板和固定在测试台板底面上的多个配重块，在支撑台板和测试台板之间还安装有一螺杆，在螺杆上设有一螺母和一弹簧，弹簧套装在螺杆上且位于螺母和测试台板之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：所述支撑腿柱底端部上还固定有减震器。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项权利要求所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：包括一隔音罩，所述测试台和电主轴载荷施加装置放置在隔音罩内，所述隔音罩的罩壁为三层结构，由外到内依次为外壳、隔音层和吸音层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，其特征在于：所述测试台板上均布有100x100mm间距的M10螺孔。
  8. 一种高速电主轴加速寿命测试方法，采用如权利要求1-7任一项权利要求所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试设备，包括如下步骤：
    S1：将被测电主轴安装到测试台板上，并将温度传感器及主轴加速度传感器安装在电主轴对应位置上；
    S2：启动系统，将电主轴的转速从0缓慢调整到其最高转速，实现对测试台的扫频激励，通 过记录测试台加速度传感器的响应信号，识别测试台的固有频率；若测试台现有固有频率与电主轴加速寿命测试过程中的转速相近，则通过调整测试台的刚度及质量，改变测试台固有频率；若不相近，则执行步骤S3；
    S3：根据电主轴的工作场景，通过载荷力施加机构给电主轴施加径向载荷和/或轴向载荷；
    S4：设定电主轴到目标转速，监测其载荷、温度和加速度，通过数据采集卡将获得的各个传感器数据并保存到计算机，再通过信号分析软件，对加速寿命过程进行故障诊断监测，直到温度、加速度信号出现异常则终止测试，记录电主轴累计运转时间，则为此样本加速寿命测试时间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中，若电主轴的工作场景只存在单独径向载荷，则所述载荷力施加机构可以采用偏心圆盘结构，施加固定径向载荷；若电主轴的工作场景同时存在径向载荷和轴向载荷的，采用双向可变载荷的施加方式，具体是在测试时，计算机通过采集卡连接轴向力传感器和径向力传感器，判断载荷的变化，再通过控制载荷施加电机的旋转角度，推进螺杆施加载荷机构实现力传感器的载荷施加，载荷再经轴承套、轴承外圈、载荷施加轴传递至电主轴，达到电主轴载荷反馈控制。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的高速电主轴加速寿命测试方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中测试台刚度及质量的调整方法具体如下：通过改变测试台中间支撑弹簧的长度改变支撑弹簧对测试台台面的载荷，使测试台刚度发生改变；通过调整测试台背面的配重块的数量，调整测试台的整体质量。
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