WO2023207051A1 - 一种合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法 - Google Patents
一种合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023207051A1 WO2023207051A1 PCT/CN2022/133407 CN2022133407W WO2023207051A1 WO 2023207051 A1 WO2023207051 A1 WO 2023207051A1 CN 2022133407 W CN2022133407 W CN 2022133407W WO 2023207051 A1 WO2023207051 A1 WO 2023207051A1
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- SAXHIDRUJXPDOD-VIFPVBQESA-N ethyl (2S)-hydroxy(phenyl)acetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SAXHIDRUJXPDOD-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKLCQKPAECHXCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl phenylglyoxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QKLCQKPAECHXCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005489 p-toluenesulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012450 pharmaceutical intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008180 pharmaceutical surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RHNXTZDKMRCKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(6-methylheptyl) 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C)CC(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C RHNXTZDKMRCKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of fine chemicals production, and in particular to a synthesis method of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.
- Alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters are an important class of fine chemical products, which are widely used in daily chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics and other industries.
- butyl lactate has a special aroma of wine, fruit and milk. Because it is non-toxic, has good water solubility, is low in volatility, has low irritation, and is biodegradable, it is a "green" product with great development value and application prospects. Chemicals".
- Ethyl(S)-(+)-mandelate is an important chiral drug intermediate and can be widely used in the synthesis of chiral acids, chiral alcohols, chiral Chiral amine compounds, chiral aminoalcohols and chiral thiols, etc.
- L(or D)-n-butyl mandelate can be used for chiral resolution.
- Dibutyl tartrate can be used to manually resolve extraction agents, plasticizers such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. Especially when mixed with tricresyl phosphate in cellulose nitrate or mixed with benzyl alcohol in cellulose acetate, a stable water-resistant coating can be produced.
- tributyl citrate TBC
- acetyl tributyl citrate ATBC
- trioctyl citrate TOC
- acetyl trioctyl citrate ATOC
- Malate is a colorless, transparent, viscous liquid with a certain odor. It has a wide range of uses and is mainly used as pharmaceutical intermediates and surfactants.
- Short carbon chain malic acid fatty alcohol esters such as diethyl malate are indispensable intermediates for the synthesis of certain drugs, such as L-carnitine, amprenavir and other drugs for weight loss products; dibutyl malate is a Highly effective mosquito repellent.
- Long carbon chain fatty alcohol malate such as diisostearyl malate is a surfactant with good wetting effect and can be used as a raw material for cosmetics.
- Patent document CN102030644A discloses a method for preparing butyl lactate.
- lactic acid, butanol, toluene and catalyst are added in a certain proportion, connected to a water separator, and after heating and refluxing for a certain period of time, toluene and butyl lactate are added under reduced pressure.
- the alcohol is evaporated and recovered for reuse.
- the reaction system is lowered to normal temperature, and the catalyst is removed by filtration to obtain butyl lactate.
- Patent document CN103102269A discloses a method for preparing high-purity butyl lactate.
- the method uses industrial lactic acid and n-butanol as raw materials, uses benzene as the raw material, performs an esterification reaction in the presence of a catalyst, and then performs vacuum distillation.
- the catalyst is a composite catalyst of potassium bisulfate and ferric chloride, or a composite catalyst of p-toluenesulfonic acid and sodium bisulfate.
- Patent document CN107954867A discloses a synthesis method of high-purity butyl lactate, which relates to the technical field of organic chemical synthesis.
- the catalyst dosage is 0.80g ⁇ 0.2mol -1 lactic acid.
- the reaction temperature was 140°C, the reaction time was 60 minutes, and the esterification rate reached 98.6%.
- Patent document CN102719496A discloses a method for biocatalyzing ethyl benzoylformate to prepare (S)-(+)-ethyl mandelate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC No. 2266 as a biocatalyst.
- the paper "A new method for the synthesis of D/L-ethyl mandelate" discloses the use of mandelonitrile, absolute ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid as the Raw material, D/L-ethyl mandelate is synthesized by alcoholysis method.
- Patent document CN102001945A discloses a method for synthesizing ethyl tartrate using chlorosilane.
- the paper "Synthesis of L-tartaric acid isobutyl ester” discloses the synthesis of chiral separation using L-tartaric acid and isobutanol as raw materials.
- Reagent L-isobutyl tartrate, the effects of the amount of water-carrying agent, molar ratio of alkyd to acid, catalyst type, and catalyst amount on the esterification rate of the product were investigated. The research results showed that the best catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- Patent document CN102336667A discloses a preparation method of triethyl citrate, which uses citric acid, ethanol, p-toluenesulfonic acid, phosphorous acid, and ethyl titanate as raw materials, and prepares it through esterification reaction, polymerization reaction, and neutralization reaction.
- Patent document CN101125814A discloses a method for synthesizing acetyl tributyl citrate using an ionic catalyst.
- Patent document CN104744245A discloses an integrated synthesis process for synthesizing acetyl tributyl citrate using an activated carbon-immobilized p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst.
- Patent document CN108084493A discloses a method for preparing tributyl citrate using rare earth salt binary compound solid acid catalysis. The catalyst is filtered out from the reaction mixture and can be reused.
- Patent document CN101735055A discloses a production method of tributyl citrate, which uses dual catalysts of sulfamic acid and tetrabutyl titanate to prepare tributyl citrate.
- Patent document CN112209824A discloses a method for preparing a citric acid mixed ester. By adjusting the ratio of added butanol and octanol, citric acid mixed esters of different proportions can be obtained.
- Patent document CN106187755A discloses a method for synthesizing diisostearyl malate. This method mainly synthesizes diisostearyl malate through malic acid and diisostearyl alcohol under the action of a solid catalyst.
- the solid catalyst is a composite oxide, which is composed of composite oxides of non-metal element P, alkali metal element Cs, transition metal elements V, Cu, Mo, and rare earth metal elements La, Nd, etc.
- the reaction temperature is 180-240°C
- malic acid:alcohol 1:2.355 (molar ratio)
- catalyst dosage is 2%
- water-carrying agent is cyclohexane.
- Patent document CN 101239912A discloses that malic acid and n-butanol are used as reactants, and naphthalene sulfonate methylal is used as a catalyst in the ester synthesis process. After the reaction is completed, the catalyst is filtered out from the reacted material, and the filtrate is washed with water. Dibutyl malate is obtained through alkali washing and distillation.
- Patent document CN109999843A discloses a solid super acid catalyst for malic acid esterification. The catalyst contains a host SO 4 2- and an oxide support containing Lewis acid sites. The catalyst catalyzes the malic acid conversion rate to 100%, and the malic acid diester yield to more than 95%.
- patent document CN102369178A discloses a method for producing ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester from ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid amide and aliphatic alcohol, in which the production cost can be suppressed and the conversion rate and selectivity can be increased, which is industrially advantageous.
- this method for producing an ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester is characterized by subjecting an ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid amide and an aliphatic alcohol to a gas phase reaction in the presence of a zirconium oxide catalyst.
- a zirconia catalyst containing specific elements the catalyst life is greatly improved.
- Patent document CN103687841A discloses a continuous method for preparing ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, in which at least one ⁇ -hydroxycarboxamide present in the liquid phase is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, and is characterized in that the resulting ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester is reacted through the gas phase. - The hydroxycarboxylic acid ester is at least partially separated from the reaction mixture.
- Patent document CN112679347A discloses a method for preparing ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid esters starting from hydrocyanic acid, in which the ammonia produced in the alcoholysis step of the corresponding ⁇ -hydroxycarboxamide is recycled for the preparation of hydrocyanic acid after a purification step. In process.
- the present invention provides a relatively simple and green ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester synthesis method.
- a method for synthesizing ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester comprising the following steps:
- step (3) The neutral esterification product obtained in step (3) is fractionated under reduced pressure to obtain a refined ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester product; the fractionated water-carrying agent and excess alcohol are used for the next reaction. .
- the ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid in step (1) is one of lactic acid, mandelic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and malic acid.
- the alcohol in step (1) is a C1-C18 primary or secondary alcohol.
- the catalyst in step (1) is a composite catalyst composed of activated carbon, zeolite and boric acid.
- the composite catalyst is prepared by soaking activated carbon or zeolite in a saturated aqueous solution of boric acid for 2-3 hours, and then baking at 100-150°C for 3-5 hours.
- step (1) after the oil-water separator separates 90-95% of the theoretical water production of the esterification reaction, the water-carrying agent and unreacted alcohol are steamed out by distillation under reduced pressure; the reduced pressure The vacuum degree of distillation is -0.05MPa, and the temperature is 80-130°C.
- the product after steaming out the water-carrying agent and unreacted alcohol is cooled to room temperature, acetic anhydride is added, and the temperature is raised to 80-100°C, and the reaction is carried out for 3-8 hours; the acetylation reaction is completed, and the acetic acid and remaining alcohol are distilled out under reduced pressure.
- Acetic anhydride; the amount of acetic anhydride added is 1.5-3 times the number of ⁇ hydroxyl groups.
- catalyst drying in step (2) are: drying at 90-120°C for 2-3 hours.
- step (4) includes the following steps:
- the present invention uses one or more of the non-corrosive, cheap and easily available boric acid, metaboric acid, pyroboric acid and boric anhydride as the catalyst.
- the esterification reaction is completed, Neutral ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester can be obtained by washing with water or neutralizing with a small amount of sodium carbonate solution, which reduces the consumption of alkali during product neutralization and reduces wastewater discharge.
- the present invention uses boric acid catalysts with high catalytic activity and low dosage. By adding a catalyst with 0.1% ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid mass, the esterification reaction can proceed smoothly.
- the invention uses a weakly acidic boric acid catalyst, the product has a light color, can produce colorless ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester products, and improves the quality of the product.
- the boric acid catalyst used in the method of the present invention can catalyze the esterification reaction of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid and the acetylation reaction of ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid. Therefore, after the esterification reaction, the water-carrying agent and unreacted alcohol are removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and acetic anhydride can be directly added to perform the acetylation reaction, thereby reducing the traditional steps of preparing acetylated ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester and reducing production costs.
- the method of the present invention uses activated carbon, zeolite and boric acid to form a composite catalyst, which is beneficial to promoting the generation of esterification products and the separation and recycling of the catalyst.
- the content of raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention can have a wide range.
- the qualitative identification of product components can be determined by GC-MS, infrared and hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectroscopy.
- For the determination of the relative content of volatile products refer to "GBT11538-2006 General Method for Determination of Essential Oils by Capillary Column”.
- the refractive index and optical rotation of the product can be measured by a refractive index meter or optical rotation meter.
- the product isooctyl lactate has a purity of 99.5% and a yield of 98%. It is colorless and has an aromatic smell.
- the measured optical rotation of isooctyl lactate is +11.654° (20°C) and the refractive index is 1.4328° (21.1 °C).
- the product butyl lactate has a purity of 99.5% and a yield of 98%. It is colorless and has an aromatic smell.
- the measured optical rotation of butyl lactate is -26.930° (20°C) and the refractive index is 1.4485° (26.1°C). .
- the product butyl mandelate has a purity of 99% and a yield of 90%. It is colorless and has an aromatic smell.
- the measured optical rotation of butyl mandelate is +77.894° (25°C) and the refractive index is 1.4988° (26.1 °C).
- the catalyst is a boric acid, zeolite composite catalyst; the composite catalyst is a The zeolite is soaked in a saturated aqueous solution of boric acid for 3 hours, and then baked at 140-150°C for 3 hours; the water-carrying agent is toluene; after the reaction is completed, the product is cooled to room temperature; the reaction product is washed with water until neutral; The obtained neutral esterification product is fractionated under reduced pressure to obtain a refined mandelic acid ester product; the fractionated water-carrying agent and excess alcohol are used for the next reaction.
- the vacuum fractionation process is as follows:
- the product butyl mandelate has a purity of 99.8% and a yield of 98%. It is colorless and has an aromatic smell.
- the measured optical rotation of butyl mandelate is +77.904° (25°C) and the refractive index is 1.4988° (26.1 °C).
- the product dibutyl tartrate has a purity of 99.0% and a yield of 90%. It is colorless and has an aromatic smell.
- the measured optical rotation of dibutyl tartrate is +6.976° (20°C), and the refractive index is 1.4424° (25 °C).
- the catalyst is a boric acid, activated carbon composite catalyst;
- the composite catalyst is The activated carbon is soaked in a saturated aqueous solution of boric acid for 2.5 hours, and then baked at 110-130°C for 3 hours;
- the water-carrying agent is toluene; after the reaction is completed, the product is cooled to room temperature; the reaction product is washed with water until neutral;
- the obtained neutral esterification product is fractionated under reduced pressure to obtain the refined tartaric acid ester; the fractionated water-carrying agent and excess alcohol are used for the next reaction.
- the vacuum fractionation process is as follows:
- the product dibutyl tartrate has a purity of 99.8% and a yield of 96%. It is colorless and has an aromatic smell.
- the measured optical rotation of butyl tartrate is +6.976° (20°C), and the refractive index is 1.4424° (25°C). ).
- excess butanol acts as a water-carrying agent.
- the product TBC has a purity of 98%, a yield of 96%, and is colorless.
- the measured refractive index of TBC is 1.4433° (25°C).
- excess butanol acts as a water-carrying agent, and the product TBC has a purity of 98%, a yield of 90%, and is colorless.
- the measured refractive index of TBC is 1.4430° (25°C).
- excess butanol acts as a water-carrying agent.
- the product TBC has a purity of 99%, a yield of 85%, and is colorless.
- the measured refractive index of TBC is 1.4432° (25°C).
- excess butanol acts as a water-carrying agent.
- the purity of the product ATBC is 99%, the yield is 98%, and it is colorless.
- the measured refractive index of ATBC is 1.4420° (26°C).
- TOC trioctyl citrate
- excess octanol acts as a water-carrying agent, and the product TOC has a purity of 97%, a yield of 96%, and is colorless.
- the measured refractive index of the TOC is 1.4533° (26°C).
- the product TOC has a purity of 98%, a yield of 95%, and is colorless.
- the measured refractive index of TOC is 1.4531° (26°C).
- excess octanol acts as a water-carrying agent.
- the purity of the product ATOC is 96%, the yield is 90%, and it is colorless.
- the measured refractive index of ATOC is 1.4528° (26°C).
- the product dibutyl malate has a purity of 98%, a yield of 92%, and is colorless.
- the measured optical rotation of dibutyl malate is -10.942° (20°C), and the refractive index is 1.4388° (20°C). ).
- the vacuum degree is -0.05MPa and the temperature is 80-130 °C; the catalyst is boric acid; after the reaction is completed, the product is cooled to room temperature; the reaction product is washed with water until neutral; the obtained neutral esterification product is fractionated under reduced pressure to obtain refined malate ester; fractionated Excess alcohol was used for the next reaction.
- the vacuum fractionation process is as follows:
- the product dibutyl malate has a purity of 99% and a yield of 95%. It is colorless and has a fragrant smell.
- the measured optical rotation of dibutyl malate is -10.942° (20°C) and the refractive index is 1.4388°. (20°C).
- the product ethylene glycol mandelate has a purity of 96%, a yield of 95%, and is colorless.
- the measured optical rotation of ethylene glycol mandelate is 71.931° (25°C), and the refractive index is 1.5381° (23 °C).
- Blank experiment Add citric acid (monohydrate) and n-butanol into the reaction device with an oil-water separator in a mass ratio of 21:66, under normal pressure, stirring, at a temperature of 100-130°C, and react for 10 hours; separate the oil and water.
- the oil layer in the device refluxed and no water was produced in the oil-water separator, the quality of the separated water was measured and found to be equal to the content of crystal water in the citric acid raw material. No tributyl citrate was detected through chromatographic analysis.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法。本发明以α-羟基羧酸和醇为原料,利用硼酸、偏硼酸、焦硼酸、硼酸酐中的一种或者几种作催化剂,以环己烷、甲苯、苯为带水剂(也可以用醇),控制反应温度100-160℃,通过油水分离器分出反应产生的水,直接合成α-羟基羧酸酯。酯化反应结束后,通过减压蒸馏,蒸出带水剂和过量醇,产物中和、水洗、减压精馏后得到α-羟基羧酸酯产品。本发明的硼酸类催化剂,催化活性高,成本低,制备的α-羟基羧酸酯纯度高、色泽浅,可以作为绿色溶剂、表面活性剂、手性拆分剂和增塑剂使用。
Description
本发明涉精细化学品生产技术领域,特别是涉及α-羟基羧酸酯类的合成方法。
α-羟基羧酸酯是一类重要的精细化工产品,它们在日化、医药、塑料等行业中应用广泛。例如:乳酸丁酯具有特殊酒香、水果和奶香香味,由于无毒、水溶性好、挥发性小、刺激性小,又具生物可降解性,是极具开发价值和应用前景的“绿色化学品”。S)-(+)-扁桃酸乙酯(Ethyl(S)-(+)-mandelate),是一种重要的手性药物中间体,可以广泛地用于合成手性酸,手性醇,手性胺类化合物,手性氨基醇和手性硫醇等。L(或D)-扁桃酸正丁酯可用与手性拆分。酒石酸二丁酯可以用手性拆分萃取剂,硝酸纤维素、醋酸纤维素的增塑剂。特别在硝酸纤维素中与磷酸三甲苯酯混合使用,或在醋酸纤维素中与苄醇混合使用时,能够生成稳定的耐水涂膜。柠檬酸酯中的柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、柠檬酸三辛酯(T0C)、乙酰柠檬酸三辛酯(ATOC)等,是非常重要的环保塑化剂。苹果酸酯是一种无色透明,具有一定气味的粘稠状液体,用途非常广泛,主要用作医药中间体和表面活性剂。短碳链的苹果酸脂肪醇酯如苹果酸二乙酯是合成某些药品不可或缺的中间体,如减肥产品的左旋肉碱、氨普那韦等药品;苹果酸二丁酯是一种高效的驱蚊剂。长碳链的苹果酸脂肪醇酯如苹果酸二异硬脂醇酯是一种表面活性剂,有良好的润湿作用,可作为化妆品的原料。
乳酸酯的制备方法:
专利文献CN102030644A公开了一种乳酸丁酯的制备方法,在烧瓶中,将乳酸、丁醇、甲苯及催化剂按一定比例加入,接分水器,加热回流反应一定时间后,减压将甲苯和丁醇蒸除回收再用,蒸完后将反应体系降至常温,催化剂过滤除去,即得到乳酸丁酯。专利文献CN103102269A公开了一种高纯度乳酸丁酯的制备方法,所述方法是以工业乳酸和正丁醇为原料,以苯作,在催化剂存在的条件下进行酯化反应,然后进行减压蒸馏,精制而成;其中,所述催化剂为硫酸氢钾和三氯化铁复合催化剂,或者为对甲苯磺酸和硫酸氢钠复合催化剂。专利文献CN107954867A公开了一种高纯度乳酸丁酯的合成方法,涉及有机化工合成技术领域。以乳酸为原料,在水中与碱性无机物按比例反应得到乳酸盐,蒸馏除水,再与卤代正丁烷反应,水洗,精馏,得到高纯度乳酸丁酯。论文文献《铁系固体超强酸催化合成乳酸辛酯的研究》(化工技术与开发,2004(06):1-3.),公开了铁系固体超强酸为催化剂,催化合成乳酸辛酯的最适宜反应条件:以环己烷为带水剂,在酸醇摩尔比为n(乳酸):n(正辛醇)=1:1.35的条件下,催化剂用量为0.80g·0.2mol
-1乳酸,反应温度为140℃,反应时间60min,酯化率达到了98.6%。
扁桃酸酯的制备方法:
专利文献CN102719496A公开了一种以酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)CGMCC No.2266为生物催化剂,生物催化苯甲酰甲酸乙酯制备(S)-(+)-扁桃酸乙酯的方法。论文文献《一种D/L-扁桃酸乙酯合成的新方法》(精细与专用化学品,2014,22(06):42-44.)公开了以扁桃腈、无水乙醇和浓硫酸为原料,采用醇解法合成D/L-扁桃酸乙酯。论文文献 《L-扁桃酸正丁酯的合成》(化学世界,2010,51(11):691-692,684.)公开了以L-扁桃酸与正丁醇为原料,在对甲苯磺酸催化下合成了手性拆分剂L-扁桃酸正丁酯。
酒石酸酯的制备方法:
专利文献CN102001945A公开了用氯硅合成酒石酸乙酯的方法。论文文献《L-酒石酸异丁酯的合成》(长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007(04):91-93.)公开了L-酒石酸、异丁醇为原料合成了手性拆分试剂L-酒石酸异丁酯,考察了带水剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂种类、催化剂用量对产品酯化率的影响,研究结果表明,最好的催化剂为对甲苯磺酸,在醇酸摩尔比为3:1,催化剂的最佳用量为1g,带水剂甲苯用量为60mL的条件下,L-酒石酸异丁酯的酯化率可达99.4%。论文文献《L-酒石酸正丁酯的合成》(化学工程师,2007(04):1-2.DOI:10.16247/j.cnki.23-1171/tq.2007.04.001.)公开了以L-酒石酸和正丁醇为原料合成了手性选择子L-酒石酸正丁酯,其结构经IR确证。通过正交实验得优化反应条件为:L-酒石酸0.1mol,n(L-酒石酸):n(正丁醇)=1.0:2.8,对甲苯磺酸0.5g,甲苯50mL,慢速搅拌,回流反应约5h。酯化率达99%,收率在93%以上。
柠檬酸酯的制备方法:
专利文献CN102336667A公布了一种柠檬酸三乙酯的制备方法,以柠檬酸、乙醇、对甲苯磺酸、亚磷酸、钛酸乙酯为原料,经过酯化反应、聚合反应、中和反应制备。专利文献CN101125814A公布了一种利用离子型催化剂合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的方法。专利文献CN104744245A公布了一种活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化剂合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的一体化合成工艺。专利文献CN108084493A公布了一种稀土盐二元复配型固体酸催化制备柠檬酸三丁酯的方法,催化剂从反应混合物中过滤出来,可重复使用。专利文献CN101735055A公布了一种柠檬酸三丁酯的生产方法,以氨基磺酸和钛酸四丁酯双催化剂制备柠檬酸三丁酯。专利文献CN112209824A公布了一种柠檬酸混酯的制备方法,通过调整加入的丁醇和辛醇比例可以获得不同比例的柠檬酸混酯。
苹果酸酯的制备方法:
专利文献CN106187755A公布了一种二异硬脂醇苹果酸脂的合成方法,该方法主要通过苹果酸和二异硬脂醇在固体催化剂作用下合成二异硬脂醇苹果酸脂。固体催化剂为复合氧化物,由非金属元素P,碱金属元素Cs,过渡金属元素V、Cu、Mo,以及稀土金属元素La、Nd等的复合氧化物组成。该反应温度为180-240℃,苹果酸:醇=1:2.355(摩尔比),催化剂用量为2%,带水剂为环己烷。专利文献CN 101239912A公布了以苹果酸、正丁醇为反应物,在酯合成过程中用萘磺酸甲缩醛作催化剂,反应结束后将催化剂从反应后的物料中过滤出来,滤液经水洗、碱洗、蒸馏获得苹果酸二丁酯。专利文献CN109999843A公布了一种苹果酸酯化的固体超强酸催化剂。该催化剂包含主体SO
4
2-和含有Lewis酸位的氧化物载体。该催化剂催化苹果酸转化率达到100%,苹果酸二酯收率达到95%以上。论文文献《单模聚焦微波催化合成苹果酸二异戊酯》(江西化工,2017(04):132-134.)公开了通过利用安东帕Monowave 300单模式密封微波化学转化合成反应器,以苹果酸、异戊醇为原料,以浓硫酸为催化剂合成苹果酸二异戊酯。论文文献《固体超强酸SO
4
2-/TiO
2催化合成苹果酸二丁酯的研究》(化工技术与开发,2008(01):12-14.)公开了以固体超强酸SO
4
2-/TiO
2为催化剂,以苹果酸和正丁醇为原料催化合成苹果酸二丁酯。
此外,专利文献CN102369178A公开了一种由α-羟基羧酸酰胺和脂肪族醇制造α-羟 基羧酸酯的方法,其中,能够抑制制造成本且转化率和选择率变高,在工业上有利。具体而言,该α-羟基羧酸酯的制造方法的特征在于,在氧化锆催化剂的存在下,使α-羟基羧酸酰胺和脂肪族醇进行气相反应。另外,通过使用含有特定元素的氧化锆催化剂,催化剂寿命被大幅改善。专利文献CN103687841A公开了制备α-羟基羧酸酯的连续方法,其中使存在于液相中的至少一种α-羟基羧酰胺,与醇在催化剂存在下反应,其特征在于经由气相使所得的α-羟基羧酸酯至少部分地从反应混合物中分离出来。专利文献CN112679347A公开了从氢氰酸出发制备α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其中将在相应的α-羟基羧酰胺的醇解步骤中产生的氨在纯化步骤后再循环用于氢氰酸制备工艺中。
上述,合成α-羟基羧酸酯存在的问题:酯化反应采用浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、硫酸氢钠等廉价催化剂时,存在设备腐蚀,废水处理量大,产品色泽深等问题;酯化反应采用固体酸等催化剂时,催化剂制备复杂,再生困难产品,产品色泽深;而以α-羟基羧酸酰胺和脂肪族醇为原料时,需要处理反应副产物氨,工艺复杂。
发明内容
针对现有α-羟基羧酸酯制备技术存在不足,本发明是提供了较为简便和绿色的α-羟基羧酸酯合成方法。
一种合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)合成反应:将α-羟基羧酸、醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为100:(20-400):(0.1-10):(0-500)的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-160℃,反应3-10h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸、偏硼酸、焦硼酸、硼酸酐中的一种或者几种;所述带水剂为环己烷、甲苯、苯中的一种;
(2)催化剂回收:反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温,过滤出催化剂,干燥后的催化剂重复使用;
(3)中和水洗:将步骤(2)得到的反应产物用水洗至中性,或者用碳酸钠水溶液中和后再水洗,得到中性的酯化产物;
(4)精制:将步骤(3)得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的α-羟基羧酸酯产品;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)的α-羟基羧酸为乳酸、扁桃酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸中的一种。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)的醇为C1-C18伯醇或仲醇。
进一步的,步骤(1)所述催化剂为活性炭、沸石的一种与硼酸组成的复合催化剂。
进一步的,所述复合催化剂是将活性炭或者沸石放入硼酸饱和水溶液中浸泡2-3h,然后在100-150℃下烘3-5h制得。
进一步的,步骤(1)的合成反应,油水分离器分出酯化反应理论产水量的90-95%后,通过减压蒸馏,蒸出带水剂和未反应的醇;所述的减压蒸馏的真空度为-0.05MPa,温度80-130℃。
进一步的,将蒸出带水剂和未反应的醇后的产物冷却至室温,加入乙酸酐,再升温至80-100℃,反应3-8h;乙酰化反应结束,减压蒸馏出乙酸和剩余的乙酸酐;加入乙酸酐的 量为α羟基数量的1.5-3倍。
进一步的,乙酰化反应时,加入α-羟基羧酸酯质量0.1-1%的硫酸氢钠或者硫酸氢钾。
进一步的,步骤(2)中催化剂干燥的条件:90-120℃下,烘2-3h。
进一步的,步骤(4)中所述产物精制包括以下步骤:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的α-羟基羧酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1-2h,以回流比10-13:1,收集带水剂和未反应的醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比15-20:1,收集α-羟基羧酸的短链醇酯;
S5:塔釜中高沸点的α-羟基羧酸酯输送至脱色釜,加入其质量2-3%的活性炭,温度控制在60℃-80℃,搅拌1-1.5h,通过压滤机分离出活性炭得到精制的α-羟基羧酸酯产品。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.与传统合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法不同,本发明采用无腐蚀、廉价易得的硼酸、偏硼酸、焦硼酸、硼酸酐中的一种或者几种作催化剂,酯化反应结束后通过水洗或者少量碳酸钠溶液中和便可得到中性的α-羟基羧酸酯,减少了产物中和时碱的消耗,降低了废水排放。
2.本发明采用硼酸类催化剂,催化活性高,用量少,加入α-羟基羧酸质量0.1%的催化剂,酯化反应就可以顺利进行。
3.现有技术使用浓硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、硫酸氢钠、固体酸等催化剂时,高温条件下,羟基羧酸容易发生脱水等副反应,产物色泽深。本发明采用弱酸性的硼酸类催化剂,产物色泽浅,可以生产无色的α-羟基羧酸酯产品,提高了产品的质量。
4.本发明方法使用的硼酸类催化剂,即可以催化α-羟基羧酸进行酯化反应,也可以催化α-羟基羧酸进行乙酰化反应。因此酯化反应候,减压蒸馏除去带水剂和未反应的醇,可直接加入乙酸酐进行乙酰化反应,减少传统制备乙酰化α-羟基羧酸酯的步骤,降低了生产成本。
5.本发明方法通过活性炭、沸石与硼酸组成复合催化剂,有利于促进酯化产物的生成和催化剂的分离、回收利用。
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规 技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明中所述的“份”如无特别说明,均按质量份计。
本发明实施例所用原料含量可以有较宽泛的范围。产物组分定性可采用GC-MS、红外和核磁氢谱进行测定。可挥发产物的相对含量测定,参照“GBT11538-2006精油毛细管柱测定通用方法”。产物的折光率、旋光度可以通过折光率测定仪、旋光度测定仪测量。
实施例1
将D-(-)-乳酸、异辛醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为40:78:0.6:40的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应5h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;所述带水剂为甲苯;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的乳酸酯;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的乳酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流2h,以回流比10:1,收集甲苯和异辛醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比15:1,收集乳酸异辛酯。
本实施例中,产物乳酸异辛酯纯度99.5%,得率98%,无色,气味芳香,测得乳酸异辛酯的旋光度为+11.654°(20℃),折光率为1.4328°(21.1℃)。
实施例2
将L-(+)-乳酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为21:30:0.3:50的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应5h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸酐;所述带水剂为甲苯;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的乳酸酯;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的乳酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集甲苯和丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比16:1,收集乳酸丁酯。
本实施例中,产物乳酸丁酯纯度99.5%,得率98%,无色,气味芳香,测得乳酸丁酯的旋光度为-26.930°(20℃),折光率为1.4485°(26.1℃)。
实施例3
将R-(-)-扁桃酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为26.8:44.4:0.3:50的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应5h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;所述带水剂为甲苯;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的扁桃酸酯产品;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的扁桃酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集甲苯和丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比18:1,收集扁桃酸丁酯。
本实施例中,产物扁桃酸丁酯纯度99%,得率90%,无色,气味芳香,测得扁桃酸丁酯的旋光度为+77.894°(25℃),折光率为1.4988°(26.1℃)。
实施例4
将R-(-)-扁桃酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为26.8:44.4:1:50的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应5h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸、沸石复合催化剂;所述复合催化剂是将者沸石放入硼酸饱和水溶液中浸泡3h,然后在140-150℃下烘3h制得;所述带水剂为甲苯;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的扁桃酸酯产品;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的扁桃酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集甲苯和丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比15:1,收集扁桃酸丁酯。
本实施例中,产物扁桃酸丁酯纯度99.8%,得率98%,无色,气味芳香,测得扁桃酸丁酯的旋光度为+77.904°(25℃),折光率为1.4988°(26.1℃)。
实施例5
将L-(+)-酒石酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为30:44.4:0.3:60的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应5h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;所述带 水剂为甲苯;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的酒石酸酯;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的酒石酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集甲苯和丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比18:1,收集酒石酸二丁酯。
本实施例中,产物酒石酸二丁酯纯度99.0%,得率90%,无色,气味芳香,测得酒石酸二丁酯的旋光度为+6.976°(20℃),折光率为1.4424°(25℃)。
实施例6
将L-(+)-酒石酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为30:44.4:0.3:60的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应5h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸、活性炭复合催化剂;所述复合催化剂是将者活性炭放入硼酸饱和水溶液中浸泡2.5h,然后在110-130℃下烘3h制得;所述带水剂为甲苯;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的酒石酸酯;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的酒石酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集甲苯和丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比18:1,收集酒石酸二丁酯。
本实施例中,产物酒石酸二丁酯纯度99.8%,得率96%,无色,气味芳香,测得酒石酸丁酯的旋光度为+6.976°(20℃),折光率为1.4424°(25℃)。
实施例7
将柠檬酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为21:82:1:0的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应6h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的柠檬酸酯;分馏出过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的柠檬酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比20:1,收集柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)。
本实施例中,过量的丁醇起到带水剂的作用,产物TBC纯度98%,得率96%,无色,测得TBC的折光率为1.4433°(25℃)。
实施例8
将柠檬酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为21:66:0.2:0的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应6h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的柠檬酸酯;分馏出过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的柠檬酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比15:1,收集柠檬酸三丁酯。
本实施例中,过量的丁醇起到带水剂的作用,产物TBC纯度98%,得率90%,无色,测得TBC的折光率为1.4430°(25℃)。
实施例9
将柠檬酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为42:74:0.04:0的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应7h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的柠檬酸酯;分馏出过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的柠檬酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比18:1,收集柠檬酸三丁酯。
本实施例中,过量的丁醇起到带水剂的作用,产物TBC纯度99%,得率85%,无色,测得TBC的折光率为1.4432°(25℃)。
实施例10
将柠檬酸、正丁醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为21:82:0.1:0的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应6h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;将产物冷却至室温,加入乙酸酐,乙酸酐与柠檬酸的质量比为15:21;加入乙酸酐后升温至80-90℃,反应3h;反应结束后,减压蒸出乙酸,真空度-0.1MPa,温度80-90℃;将乙酰化产物冷却至室温,用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的乙酰化柠檬酸酯;分馏出的过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的乙酰化柠檬酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比20:1,收集乙酰化柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)。
本实施例中,过量的丁醇起到带水剂的作用,产物ATBC纯度99%,得率98%,无色,测得ATBC的折光率为1.4420°(26℃)。
实施例11
将柠檬酸、正辛醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为42:130:0.2:0的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-160℃,反应7h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的柠檬酸酯;分馏出过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的柠檬酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流2h,以回流比13:1,收集辛醇;
S4:将塔釜柠檬酸三辛酯(TOC)输送至脱色釜,加入其质量2%的活性炭,温度控制在60-80℃,搅拌1.5h,通过压滤机分离出活性炭得到精制的TOC。
本实施例中,过量的辛醇起到带水剂的作用,产物T0C纯度97%,得率96%,无色,测得TOC的折光率为1.4533°(26℃)。
实施例12
将柠檬酸、异辛醇、催化剂、甲苯按照质量比为21:52:0.3:60的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应8h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出甲苯和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的柠檬酸酯;分馏出过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的柠檬酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流2h,以回流比13:1,收集异辛醇;
S4:将塔釜柠檬酸三异辛酯(TOC)输送至脱色釜,加入其质量3%的活性炭,温度控制在60-80℃,搅拌1.5h,通过压滤机分离出活性炭得到精制的TOC。
本实施例中,产物T0C纯度98%,得率95%,无色,测得TOC的折光率为1.4531°(26℃)。
实施例13
将柠檬酸、正辛醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为42:120:0.3:0的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-160℃,反应8h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;将产物冷却至室温,加入乙 酸酐,乙酸酐与柠檬酸的质量比为15:21;加入乙酸酐后升温至80-90℃,反应3h;反应结束后,减压蒸出乙酸,真空度-0.1MPa,温度80-90℃;将乙酰化产物冷却至室温,用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的乙酰化柠檬酸酯;分馏出的过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的柠檬酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流2h,以回流比13:1,收集辛醇;
S4:将塔釜乙酰柠檬酸三辛酯(ATOC)输送至脱色釜,加入其质量2.3%的活性炭,温度控制在60-80℃,搅拌1h,通过压滤机分离出活性炭得到精制的ATOC。
本实施例中,过量的辛醇起到带水剂的作用,产物AT0C纯度96%,得率90%,无色,测得ATOC的折光率为1.4528°(26℃)。
实施例14
将L-(-)-苹果酸、正丁醇、催化剂、甲苯按照质量比为26.8:44.4:0.3:50的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应7h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出甲苯和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的苹果酸酯;分馏出过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的苹果酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1,以回流比10:1,收集丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比16:1,收集苹果酸二丁酯。
本实施例中,产物苹果酸二丁酯纯度98%,得率92%,无色,测得苹果酸二丁酯的旋光度为-10.942°(20℃),折光率为1.4388°(20℃)。
实施例15
将L-(-)-苹果酸、正丁醇、催化剂、甲苯按照质量比为26.8:44.4:0.3:50的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应7h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,当油水分离器中水的量为理论质量的90%时,减压蒸出甲苯和过量的醇,真空度为-0.05MPa,温度80-130℃;所述催化剂为硼酸;反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;将得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的苹果酸酯;分馏出过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。减压分馏过程如下:
S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;
S2:将中和水洗后的苹果酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;
S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1h,以回流比10:1,收集丁醇;
S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比18:1,收集苹果酸二丁酯。
本实施例中,产物苹果酸二丁酯纯度99%,得率95%,无色,气味清香,测得苹果酸二丁酯的旋光度为-10.942°(20℃),折光率为1.4388°(20℃)。
实施例16
将R-(-)-扁桃酸、乙二醇、硼酸、甲苯按照质量比为30.4:6.5:0.3:60的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应8h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,当油水分离器无水产生时,停止加热;产物冷却至室温;将反应产物用水洗至中性;减压蒸出甲苯,真空度为-0.05MPa,温度80-110℃;得到扁桃酸乙二醇酯。
本实施例中,产物扁桃酸乙二醇酯纯度96%,得率95%,无色,测得扁桃酸乙二醇酯的旋光度为71.931°(25℃),折光率为1.5381°(23℃)。
对比例1
空白实验:将柠檬酸(一水)、正丁醇按照质量比为21:66的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-130℃,反应10h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,测量分离得到水的质量,发现与柠檬酸原料中结晶水含量相等,通过色谱分析未检测到柠檬酸三丁酯。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(1)合成反应:将α-羟基羧酸、醇、催化剂、带水剂按照质量比为100:(20-400):(0.1-10):(0-500)的比例加入带有油水分离器的反应装置,常压,搅拌,温度100-160℃,反应3-10h;将油水分离器中的油层回流,油水分离器中没有水产生时,蒸出带水剂和过量的醇;所述催化剂为硼酸、偏硼酸、焦硼酸、硼酸酐中的一种或者几种;所述带水剂为环己烷、甲苯、苯中的一种;(2)催化剂回收:反应结束后,将产物冷却至室温,过滤出催化剂,干燥后的催化剂重复使用;(3)中和水洗:将步骤(2)得到的反应产物用水洗至中性,或者用碳酸钠水溶液中和后再水洗,得到中性的酯化产物;(4)精制:将步骤(3)得到的中性的酯化产物进行减压分馏,得到精制的α-羟基羧酸酯产品;分馏出的带水剂和过量的醇,作为下次反应使用。
- 根据权利要求1所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的α-羟基羧酸为乳酸、扁桃酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸中的一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的醇为C1-C18伯醇或仲醇。
- 根据权利要求1所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述催化剂为活性炭、沸石的一种与硼酸组成的复合催化剂。
- 根据权利要求4所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述复合催化剂是将活性炭或者沸石放入硼酸饱和水溶液中浸泡2-3h,然后在100-150℃下烘3-5h制得。
- 根据权利要求1所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)的合成反应,油水分离器分出酯化反应理论产水量的90-95%后,通过减压蒸馏,蒸出带水剂和未反应的醇;所述的减压蒸馏的真空度为-0.05MPa,温度80-130℃。
- 根据权利要求6所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:将蒸出带水剂和未反应的醇后的产物冷却至室温,加入乙酸酐,再升温至80-100℃,反应3-8h;乙酰化反应结束,减压蒸馏出乙酸和剩余的乙酸酐;加入乙酸酐的量为α羟基数量的1.5-3倍。
- 根据权利要求7所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:乙酰化反应时,加入α-羟基羧酸酯质量0.1-1%的硫酸氢钠或者硫酸氢钾。
- 根据权利要求1所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中催化剂干燥的条件:90-120℃下,烘2-3h。
- 根据权利要求1所述的合成α-羟基羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中所述产物精制包括以下步骤:S1:先排出精馏塔的空气,使精馏塔内真空度≤-0.10MPa;S2:将中和水洗后的α-羟基羧酸酯化产物输送到精馏塔塔釜;S3:加热使塔釜温度保持在100-130℃,塔顶温度保持在80-95℃,回流1-2h,以回流比10-13:1,收集带水剂和未反应的醇;S4:升温使塔釜温度保持在130-150℃,塔顶温度保持在95-105℃,回流比15-20:1,收集α-羟基羧酸的短链醇酯;S5:塔釜中高沸点的α-羟基羧酸酯输送至脱色釜,加入其质量2-3%的活性炭,温度控 制在60℃-80℃,搅拌1-1.5h,通过压滤机分离出活性炭得到精制的α-羟基羧酸酯产品。
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