WO2023206967A1 - 小车及塔机 - Google Patents

小车及塔机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023206967A1
WO2023206967A1 PCT/CN2022/122490 CN2022122490W WO2023206967A1 WO 2023206967 A1 WO2023206967 A1 WO 2023206967A1 CN 2022122490 W CN2022122490 W CN 2022122490W WO 2023206967 A1 WO2023206967 A1 WO 2023206967A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulley
trolley
lifting
frame
hook
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/122490
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾振跃
朱寒冰
曾祥镇
Original Assignee
湖南三一塔式起重机械有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 湖南三一塔式起重机械有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一塔式起重机械有限公司
Publication of WO2023206967A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023206967A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C11/00—Trolleys or crabs, e.g. operating above runways
    • B66C11/02—Trolleys or crabs, e.g. operating above runways with operating gear or operator's cabin suspended, or laterally offset, from runway or track
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/06—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs mounted for jibbing or luffing movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/82—Luffing gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C9/00—Travelling gear incorporated in or fitted to trolleys or cranes
    • B66C9/08—Runners; Runner bearings

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of tower cranes, and in particular to a trolley and a tower crane.
  • the trolley in boom mode, the trolley is fixed on the boom and cannot move.
  • the trolley pitches with the boom.
  • the two lifting pulleys 3 used for lifting the flat arm hook on the existing trolley are arranged in parallel and at the same height.
  • the pitch angle of the boom is large, the horizontal distance between the two lifting pulleys 3 is very small, which is much smaller than the horizontal distance between the pulleys on the flat arm hook.
  • the car is basically unable to lift objects in the boom mode and is in an idle state.
  • the distance between the two lifting pulleys will need to be doubled, resulting in the size of the trolley. Both the size and weight are significantly larger. However, the trolley is fixed on the end boom section of the boom. If the size and weight are increased, it will affect the operation of the boom and seriously affect the operating efficiency. Industry standards also have limits on the size and weight of cars.
  • this application provides a trolley and a tower crane, which solves the problem that the existing trolley is only suitable for the flat arm mode of the tower crane but cannot smoothly arrange the rope in the boom mode and use the hook to lift objects.
  • a trolley including: a frame; a lifting roller skate assembly, which is provided on the frame and includes a first pulley and a second pulley; wherein, The line connecting the first pulley and the second pulley has an included angle with respect to the length direction of the frame.
  • the lifting pulley assembly further includes a fourth pulley, and the fourth pulley is coaxially arranged with the first pulley.
  • the lifting roller pulley assembly further includes a third pulley, and the third pulley and the fourth pulley are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle frame.
  • the lifting pulley assembly further includes a lifting wheel frame, and the first pulley, the second pulley, the third pulley and the fourth pulley are all installed on the lifting wheel frame, so The lifting wheel frame is connected with the vehicle frame.
  • the lifting wheel frame includes two opposite and spaced apart fixed plates and a plurality of wheel axles, the two ends of the wheel axle are respectively connected to the two fixed plates; the first pulley, the second pulley The pulley, the third pulley and the fourth pulley are respectively sleeved on the corresponding axle.
  • the lifting pulley assembly further includes a rope blocking rod provided above the first pulley, the second pulley, the third pulley and the fourth pulley, and the rope blocking rod is fixed on the Lift the wheel frame.
  • a sleeve is also included, one end of which is connected to the vehicle frame or the lifting wheel slide assembly.
  • the trolley further includes a first connection seat and a second connection pipe for detachable connection with the lifting arm; the first connection seat is connected to the lifting wheel slide assembly and/or the vehicle frame; The second connecting pipe is connected to the vehicle frame and/or the lifting wheel skate assembly.
  • the vehicle frame is provided with multiple roller sets, and the roller sets include: running guide wheels and lateral guide wheels.
  • a tower crane including a hook, a tower body, a boom and a trolley, and the trolley is arranged on the boom;
  • the trolley includes: a vehicle frame and a lifting wheel slide assembly arranged on the vehicle frame;
  • the lifting wheel slide assembly includes a lifting wheel frame and a first pulley and a second pulley installed on the lifting wheel frame, wherein the The line connecting the first pulley and the second pulley has an included angle with the length direction of the frame;
  • the hook is hung on the trolley through a wire rope, and the wire rope goes around the first pulley, passes through the pulley of the hook, and then winds around the second pulley.
  • the lifting pulley assembly further includes a third pulley and a fourth pulley installed on the lifting pulley frame, the fourth pulley is coaxially arranged with the first pulley, and the third pulley is coaxial with the first pulley.
  • the fourth pulley is arranged along the length direction of the frame;
  • the hook includes a hook pulley assembly, and the hook pulley assembly includes an upper pulley and a lower pulley;
  • the wire rope is wound around the first pulley, the upper pulley, the second pulley, the lower pulley, the fourth pulley and the third pulley in sequence.
  • the hook pulley assembly further includes a hook wheel frame, the lower pulley is installed on the hook wheel frame, and the upper pulley is detachably connected to the hook wheel frame;
  • the trolley also includes a first connecting piece, one end of the first connecting piece is hingedly connected to the vehicle frame or the lifting wheel frame, and the other end is connected to the upper pulley.
  • the first connecting member is a casing, and a connecting shaft is connected to the upper pulley.
  • the upper end of the connecting shaft is configured to be inserted into the casing and can move relative to the casing; wherein, the The sleeve and the connecting shaft are configured to be connected together when the connecting shaft moves along the sleeve to a preset position.
  • two lower pulleys are arranged in a horizontal direction
  • the projected length of the line connecting the first pulley and the second pulley in the horizontal direction is not less than the projected length of the line connecting the two lower pulleys in the horizontal direction.
  • the first pulley and the second pulley are used to carry the hook.
  • the connection line of the two pulleys is inclined relative to the length direction of the frame and is in line with the length direction of the frame.
  • the length direction has an included angle.
  • the line connecting the first pulley and the second pulley has an included angle with the lower chord of the boom.
  • the horizontal distance between the first pulley and the second pulley that is, the length of the projection of the connection in the horizontal direction
  • the horizontal distance between the two fixed pulleys is significantly increased; therefore, by changing the structural settings of the two lifting pulleys, the length of the trolley can be increased without increasing the size in the length direction.
  • the larger horizontal distance between the two lifting pulleys when the trolley is in a non-horizontal tilted position significantly improves the smoothness of the rope arrangement in such positions, allowing the hook carried by the trolley to lift smoothly and efficiently to lift objects.
  • the trolley provided by this application is suitable for lifting arms with boom mode and flat boom mode; in the boom mode, as the boom rotates in pitch, the hook on the trolley can still lift objects smoothly. , increases the lifting point of the tower crane in the boom mode, expands the use functions, enhances the performance, and improves work efficiency; and because the hook is very close to the tower body in the boom mode, it can also be used in the boom mode The lifting moment very close to the tower body is used to lift heavy objects, which overcomes the disadvantage of only using the hook at the end of the boom to lift heavy objects in the boom mode.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the connection between the existing technology center trolley and the load-bearing hook
  • FIG. 2 shows the overall structure diagram of the trolley in the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 shows the connection structure diagram of the vehicle frame and the lifting roller skate assembly in the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 4 shows the structural diagram of the vehicle frame in the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of the lifting roller skate assembly from a first angle in the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of the lifting roller skate assembly from a second angle in the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 shows a side view of the lifting roller skate assembly in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 shows a bottom view of the lifting roller skate assembly in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the connection between the trolley and the boom in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram when the lifting arm is in a horizontal position and the trolley is at the first lifting magnification in the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the lifting arm in the horizontal position and the trolley at the second lifting magnification in the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of the lifting arm in the embodiment of the present application at a depression angle of 45 degrees and the trolley at the first lifting magnification;
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the lifting arm in the embodiment of the present application at a depression angle of 45 degrees and the trolley at the second lifting magnification;
  • Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram when the lifting arm is at the maximum depression angle position and the trolley is at the first lifting magnification in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram of the lifting arm in the maximum depression angle position and the trolley at the second lifting magnification in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application is dedicated to providing a trolley suitable for the boom mode and flat boom mode of the boom.
  • the trolley can be significantly expanded in the tilted state without increasing the size of the trolley.
  • the horizontal spacing between the lower two lifting pulleys enhances the smoothness of the rope arrangement in this position, so that the hook carried by the trolley can be raised and lowered smoothly to lift objects even when the trolley is tilted, thus realizing the lifting of the trolley in the boom mode.
  • the hook that is close to the tower crane can also lift heavy objects smoothly and efficiently, improving the applicability and usability of the trolley.
  • the embodiment of the present application is also aimed at providing a tower crane with the above-mentioned trolley.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a trolley.
  • the trolley includes a frame 1 and a lifting roller skate assembly 2 connected to the frame 1.
  • the lifting roller skate assembly 2 is connected with the hook on the hook.
  • the hook pulley assembly 6 forms a pulley group, allowing the hook body 5 to be suspended on the trolley and raised and lowered.
  • the lifting roller skate assembly 2 includes a first pulley 21 and a second pulley 22; as shown in Figures 10-15, the hook body 5 is connected to the frame 1 through the pulley group, and the frame 1 can be connected to the lifting arm.
  • the length direction of the frame 1 is consistent with the extension direction of the boom.
  • the frame 1 is connected to the lower chord 8 of the boom, so the length direction of the frame 1 is consistent with the extension direction of the lower chord 8 of the boom.
  • the frame 1 carries the hook body 5 and pitches and rotates synchronously with the boom.
  • the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 in the lifting roller skate assembly 2 are no longer arranged along the length direction of the frame 1, but are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the connecting line has an included angle with the length direction of the frame 1 , that is, it is arranged at an up and down tilt relative to the length direction of the frame 1 .
  • the length of the connection between the pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 also increases the horizontal distance between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 when the trolley is tilted (i.e. the connection between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 Projection in the horizontal direction) enhances the smoothness of the rope arrangement of the hook body 5 when the trolley is tilted, so that the hook body 5 can be raised and lowered smoothly to lift objects.
  • the length direction of the frame 1 is consistent with the extension direction of the lower chord 8 .
  • the line connecting the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 (the dotted line on the two fixed pulleys in Figures 10-15) has an included angle with the lower chord 8, that is, the horizontal direction, and is arranged in an inclined manner.
  • the horizontal distance between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 is the projection of the line connecting the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 in the horizontal direction.
  • length the transverse dotted line under the fixed pulley in Figure 10-15
  • the technical solution provided by this application by changing the structural settings of the two lifting pulleys, can increase the time when the trolley moves with the boom to other non-horizontal pitch positions without increasing the size of the trolley in the length direction.
  • the purpose of the horizontal distance between the two lifting pulleys is to significantly improve the smoothness of the rope arrangement of the trolley in such a position, so that the hook body 5 can rise and fall smoothly to lift objects.
  • the hook in the trolley provided by this embodiment, in the boom mode, the hook can still lift objects smoothly during the pitch and rotation of the boom. It is suitable for boom tower cranes and is also very suitable for tower cranes with boom mode.
  • the dual-purpose tower crane in the flat arm mode not only increases the lifting points of the tower crane in the boom mode, expands the use functions, enhances the performance of the tower crane, and improves work efficiency, but also because the crane under the trolley in the boom mode If the hook is very close to the tower body, then in boom mode, the lifting moment very close to the tower body can also be used to lift heavy objects, which significantly overcomes the problem that in boom mode, only the hook at the end of the boom arm can be used to lift heavy objects. shortcomings of things.
  • the trolley provided by this embodiment has high applicability and is suitable for luffing arm tower cranes and dual-purpose tower cranes with luffing arm mode and flat arm mode. It overcomes the lifting shortcomings of the luffing arm mode and enables The tower crane can work more efficiently, which significantly enhances the performance of the tower crane.
  • connection line between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 is arranged obliquely with respect to the length direction of the frame 1, which can enhance the smoothness of the rope discharge in a non-horizontal pitch position and make the hook body 5 smooth. Lifting.
  • the setting of the connection line is further limited. When the boom rotates to the maximum pitch position, the projected length of the connection line between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 in the horizontal direction is not less than the hook.
  • connection line of the pulleys in the pulley block in the horizontal direction (the dotted lines on the two hook pulleys in Figure 10-15); that is, the horizontal distance between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 when they are in the maximum pitch position. It is still not less than the distance required for smooth lifting of the hook body 5, as shown in Figures 14 and 15. This ensures that the hook can still be used smoothly when the boom is pitched to its maximum position and the trolley is subsequently tilted to its maximum degree.
  • the inclination of the line connecting the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22, that is, the angle between the line connecting the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 and the length direction of the frame 1 or the lower chord 8 of the boom, can be determined according to Other related parameters need to be set in detail and will not be listed here.
  • the lifting roller skate assembly 2 also includes a fourth pulley 24 , which is coaxially arranged with the first pulley 21 .
  • the lifting roller skate assembly 2 also includes a third pulley 23 , and the third pulley 23 and the fourth pulley 24 are arranged along the length direction of the frame 1 .
  • the first pulley 21, the second pulley 22 and the third pulley 23 are distributed in a triangle, as shown in Figures 5-7. On the one hand, they have good structural stability.
  • the third pulley 23 wraps the outgoing end of the wire rope. The boom end section leading to the tower crane boom.
  • the lifting roller skate assembly 2 includes a lifting wheel frame 25, and the lifting wheel frame 25 can also be in a shape similar to a triangle in cross section.
  • the lifting wheel frame 25 includes two opposite and spaced apart fixed plates, an axle supporting the third pulley 23, an axle supporting the first pulley 21, and an axle supporting the second pulley 22; and the axles of each axle Fasten to two fixing plates at both ends.
  • the two fixed plates can also be strengthened and fixed through connecting pieces.
  • the wheel frame and each wheel axle are arranged in a triangular structure, which has high structural strength and high overall stability.
  • 25 is hollow in the middle, which reduces weight while ensuring structural strength, and is beneficial to reducing the overall weight of the trolley and increasing the lifting load.
  • the hook includes a hook body 5 and a hook pulley assembly 6.
  • the hook pulley assembly 6 includes a hook wheel frame 61 and a pulley.
  • the hook body 5 and the pulley are both connected to the hook wheel frame 61.
  • two groups of pulleys are provided, one group is an upper pulley 62, and one group is a lower pulley 63.
  • the distance between the upper pulley 62 and the hook body 5 is greater than the distance between the lower pulley 63 and the hook body 5.
  • the wire rope extending from the hoisting mechanism is first wound to the first pulley 21 to form the lead-in end, and then the wire rope is wound from the first pulley 21 through the upper pulley 62 and the second pulley 22 of the hook pulley assembly 6 in sequence.
  • the lower pulley 63, the fourth pulley 24 and the third pulley 23 of the hook pulley assembly 6 form a lead-out end from the third pulley 23, and then extend to the end arm section of the boom and are fixed on the end arm section.
  • the lifting roller skate assembly 2 also includes rope blocking rods 27 respectively provided above the first pulley 21, the second pulley 22, the third pulley 23 and the fourth pulley 24.
  • the rope-stopping rod 27 is arranged parallel to the wheel axis, is located above the pulley and is within the upward projection range of the pulley.
  • the leading end of the luffing wire rope on the pulley extends outward from between the pulley and the rope-stopping rod, and the luffing wire rope is blocked by the rope rod.
  • the blocking effect of 27 can prevent the wire rope from coming out of the pulley when the wire rope is slack.
  • the lower pulleys 63 may be provided with two arranged in the horizontal direction, which is more than the number of the upper pulleys 62. Therefore, in the above embodiment, the connection line between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 in the lifting pulley assembly 2 is horizontal. The projected length of the direction is greater than or equal to the connecting length of the two lower pulleys 63, as shown in Figure 10-15.
  • the upper pulley 62 is detachably connected to the hook wheel frame 61, and can be detachably connected to the vehicle frame 1 or the lifting wheel frame 25. In this way, the upper pulley 62 has two positions. One is that the upper pulley 62 is connected to the hook frame 61. At this time, the upper pulley 62 is a movable pulley. The other is that the upper pulley 62 is separated from the hook frame 61. And connected with the vehicle frame 1 or the lifting wheel frame 25, at this time, the upper pulley 62 forms a fixed pulley.
  • the two situations correspond to two improvement magnifications. This allows easy adjustment of the magnification without increasing the number of pulleys.
  • the trolley also includes a first connecting piece.
  • One end of the first connecting piece is hinged to the frame 1 or the lifting wheel frame 25, and the other end is used to connect the upper part of the hook pulley assembly 6.
  • the pulley 62 specifically the upper pulley 62, is connected to a connecting bracket, and the other end of the first connecting member is connected to the connecting bracket. Then, on the one hand, the upper pulley 62 is connected or separated from the vehicle frame 1 through the first connecting piece, and the first connecting piece can extend to the bottom of the lifting wheel frame 25.
  • the fixing and separating operations of the upper pulley 62 are performed in a spacious area, which increases
  • the first connecting piece is articulated with the vehicle frame 1 or the hoisting wheel frame 25, then during the pitching process, the first connecting piece always hangs down in the vertical direction and can always remain relatively aligned with the upper pulley 62.
  • the positional relationship, as shown in Figure 10, Figure 12 and Figure 14, is very convenient for connecting and separating the two.
  • the first connecting member is the sleeve 4, and the connecting shaft 7 is fixedly connected to the upper pulley 62 (the connecting shaft 7 is specifically fixed to the connecting bracket of the upper pulley 62).
  • the hook pulley assembly 6 rises to the highest position, and the upper end of the connecting shaft 7 directly extends into the casing 4.
  • the sleeve 4 and the connecting shaft 7 are connected through a pin.
  • the through holes on the sleeve 4 and the connecting shaft 7 for the pin to pass through are basically or exactly On the contrary, the staff can directly use the pin shaft to pass through the sleeve 4 and the connecting shaft 7 to achieve the fixation of the upper pulley 62, and then separate the upper pulley 62 from the hook wheel frame 61, as shown in Figure 11, Figure 13 and Figure 15 shown.
  • the hook pulley assembly 6 may have more than two sets of pulleys, and the connection between the casing 4 and the upper pulley 62 may also be realized through other connectors.
  • Figure 4 shows the composition and structure of the frame 1 of a trolley.
  • the frame 1 is also provided with a plurality of roller groups 14.
  • the roller group 14 of the trolley walks along the lower chord 8 of the boom to achieve luffing;
  • the trolley It needs to be fixedly connected to the end boom section of the boom close to the tower body. Therefore, the vehicle frame 1 is detachably fixed to the end arm section of the boom, and the vehicle frame 1 can be displaced along the lower chord 8 . Therefore, the vehicle frame 1 can be in a square shape and include two sets of uprights 11 spaced apart along the width direction of the lower chord 8 . Both ends of the two sets of uprights 11 are connected by crossbars 12 .
  • the two bottom chords 8 of the boom are located between the two sets of columns 11, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the two uprights 11 are arranged along the length direction of the lower chord 8.
  • the two uprights 11 in the same group are connected through 13 connecting rods.
  • each column 11 is provided with a set of rollers 14, and each roller set 14 travels along the lower chord 8 of the boom.
  • each roller group 14 includes a traveling guide wheel 141 and a lateral guide wheel 142.
  • the traveling guide wheel 141 travels along the upper end surface of the lower chord 8 of the boom.
  • the guide wheel 142 is against the side of the lower chord 8 and rolls along the side.
  • the lifting wheel frame 25 of the lifting roller skate assembly 2 is fixedly connected to the two cross bars 12 and is located in the middle of the cross bar 12, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, which is equivalent to being located in the middle of the width direction of the boom, as shown in Figure 9 display to ensure the balance of the force on the boom.
  • the lifting wheel frame 25 can be welded to the crossbar 12 of the vehicle frame 1 to ensure the connection strength.
  • the frame 1 is detachably connected to the end arm section of the boom.
  • the trolley is provided with a first connecting seat 15 and a second connecting pipe 26, as shown in Figure 3. Both the first connecting seat 15 and the second connecting pipe 26 can be detachably connected to the lifting arm, as shown in Figure 9 .
  • the trolley and the end arm joint are fixedly connected through two points of fixed connection; and the detachable connection is made through fasteners or pins, which is easy to operate.
  • the first connecting pipe 151 is provided on the first connecting seat 15, and both the first connecting pipe 151 and the second connecting pipe 26 can be passed by the pin shaft; the corresponding area on the lifting arm is provided with a pin shaft. Pass through pin holder.
  • the pin holder is set on the lifting arm to facilitate the staff to pick and place the pin; the hole on the trolley for the pin to pass through is set in the form of a connecting pipe, which can enhance the stability of the connection.
  • the first connecting seat 15 and the second connecting tube 26 can be arranged along the length direction of the lower chord 8. In order to optimize the balance of the force, the first connecting seat 15 and the second connecting tube 26 are located between the frame 1 and the end arm joint. The middle of the width direction. Therefore, both the first connecting seat 15 and the second connecting pipe 26 can be fixedly connected to the crossbar 12 of the vehicle frame 1 and/or the lifting wheel frame 25 .
  • the first connection base 15 includes a first connection pipe 151 and a support 152.
  • the first connection pipe 151 passes through the support 152 and connects to the other end of the lifting wheel frame 25 and the vehicle.
  • the other crossbar 12 of the frame 1 is fixed, such as welded.
  • the upper end of the support 152 is welded and fixedly connected to the first connecting pipe 151, the lower end is welded to the cross bar 12, and the side surface is welded to the fixed plate of the lifting wheel frame 25.
  • the first connecting seat 15 establishes a firm connection with the two to form an integral structure.
  • the second connecting pipe 26 is connected to one end of the lifting wheel frame 25.
  • This end of the lifting wheel frame 25 is provided with a slot that is docked with the corresponding cross bar 12.
  • the cross bar 12 is embedded in the slot and connected with the corresponding cross bar 12.
  • the lifting wheel frame 25 is firmly against each other and welded, so that the second connecting pipe 26 and the vehicle frame 1 are firmly connected. Both ends of the second connecting pipe 26 are connected to the two fixed plates of the lifting wheel frame 25 respectively.
  • the second connecting pipe 26 is supported and fixed by two fixing plates and is very stable.
  • the vehicle frame 1 is also provided with a ratchet mechanism that acts on the third pulley 23 , and the ratchet groove of the ratchet mechanism is provided on the vehicle frame 1 .
  • Rotating the ratchet wheel 16 of the ratchet mechanism can tighten the luffing wire rope.
  • an artificial tightening structure is added. The staff can tighten the luffing wire rope on the trolley through the ratchet 16 to avoid the luffing wire rope from becoming loose and affecting the trolley's deformation. range movement.
  • the vehicle frame 1 is also provided with a wedge sleeve and/or an anti-breakage rope assembly.
  • the wedge sleeve and anti-breakage rope assembly here can be any structure in the prior art.
  • the trolley further includes a hanging basket 3, and the frame 1 is also provided with a hanging basket mounting seat for installation and connection with the hanging basket 3.
  • the hanging basket 3 is located on one side of the boom, so the hanging basket mounting seat can be arranged on the connecting rod 13 of the vehicle frame 1 .
  • a tower crane including a hook, a tower body, a boom and a trolley, and the trolley is arranged on the boom;
  • the trolley includes: a frame 1 and a lifting pulley assembly 2 arranged on the frame 1.
  • the lifting pulley assembly 2 includes a lifting wheel frame 25 and a first pulley 21 and a second pulley 22 installed on the lifting wheel frame 25. , wherein the connection line between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 has an angle in the up and down direction with the length direction of the frame 1;
  • the hook is hung on the trolley through a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope is wound around the first pulley 21, passes through the pulley of the hook, and then is wound around the second pulley 22.
  • connection line between the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 has an angle in the up and down direction with the length direction of the frame 1, when the boom moves in pitch and is in an inclined state, the first pulley 21 and the second pulley There is still a certain horizontal spacing between 22, so that in the tilted state of the boom, the hook can still rise and fall smoothly and can lift objects.
  • the lifting pulley assembly 2 also includes a third pulley 23 and a fourth pulley 24 installed on the lifting pulley frame 25.
  • the fourth pulley 24 is coaxially arranged with the first pulley 21, and the third pulley 23 is coaxial with the first pulley 21.
  • the fourth pulleys 24 are arranged along the length direction of the frame 1;
  • the hook includes a hook pulley assembly 6, and the hook pulley assembly 6 includes an upper pulley 62 and a lower pulley 63;
  • the wire rope is wound around the first pulley 21, the upper pulley 62, the second pulley 22, the lower pulley 63, the fourth pulley 24 and the third pulley 23 in sequence.
  • the hook pulley assembly 6 further includes a hook wheel frame 61, a lower pulley 63 is installed on the hook wheel frame 61, and an upper pulley 62 is detachably connected to the hook wheel frame 61.
  • the trolley also includes: a first connecting piece, one end of the first connecting piece is hinged to the vehicle frame 1 or the lifting wheel frame 25, and the other end is used to connect to the upper pulley 62.
  • the upper pulley 62 When the upper pulley 62 is connected to the hook wheel frame 61, the upper pulley 62 is a fixed pulley. When the upper pulley 62 is disconnected from the hook wheel frame 61, the upper pulley 62 is a fixed pulley.
  • the pulley 62 is a movable pulley corresponding to two different lifting magnifications, and the magnification can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • the first connecting member is the casing 4, and the upper pulley 62 is connected to a connecting shaft 7.
  • the upper end of the connecting shaft 7 is configured to be inserted into the casing 4 and can move relative to the casing 4; wherein, The sleeve and the connecting shaft are configured to be connected together when the connecting shaft moves along the sleeve to a connecting position.
  • the connection can be achieved by passing the pin through the corresponding through hole on the sleeve 4 and the connecting shaft 7 .
  • two lower pulleys 63 are arranged in a horizontal direction; the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 are further configured so that when the boom rotates to the maximum pitch position, the first pulley 21 and the second pulley 22 are The projected length of the line connecting the second pulley 22 in the horizontal direction is not less than the projected length of the line connecting the two lower pulleys 63 in the horizontal direction.
  • This embodiment also provides a tower crane, which is provided with a tower body, a lifting arm and a trolley as in any of the above embodiments.
  • the boom has a boom mode or a flat arm mode.
  • the trolley is connected to the boom. In the flat boom mode, it walks along the lower chord 8 of the boom for luffing. In the boom mode, it is fixedly connected to the end arm section. , with the pitch of the boom, the load-bearing hook on the trolley can still be used for lifting.
  • the tower crane provided in this embodiment can also use the lifting moment very close to the tower body to lift heavy objects in the boom mode, without increasing the size of the trolley in the direction of the bottom chord 8, and It has no adverse effect on the working load, so it has the advantages of using the two modes of moving and horizontal arms, and overcomes the lifting disadvantages of the boom mode, significantly improving the use performance and improving work efficiency.
  • the derivation process of this beneficial effect is basically the same as the derivation process of the beneficial effect of the trolley in the above embodiment, and will not be described again here.
  • each component or each step can be decomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations shall be considered equivalent versions of this application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种小车及塔机，小车包括有：车架（1）；起吊轮滑组件（2），设置在车架（1）上，并包括有第一滑轮（21）及第二滑轮（22）；其中，第一滑轮（21）与第二滑轮（22）的连线相对于车架（1）的长度方向具有夹角。通过改变小车的起吊滑轮的设置结构，在不增加小车长度方向尺寸的基础上，显著扩大了小车在倾斜状态下两个起吊滑轮的水平间距，增强了小车倾斜状态下的排绳顺畅性，使小车所承载的吊钩在小车的倾斜状态下也可以顺利升降而起吊物体。

Description

小车及塔机 技术领域
本申请涉及塔机技术领域，特别涉及一种小车及塔机。
背景技术
现有的塔机用小车通常使用在平臂塔机中，小车安装在平伸的起重臂上，通过滚轮在起重臂主弦杆上表面移动，改变平臂吊钩的位置，而实现塔机吊载的变幅运动。但该小车一般不适用于动臂塔机。动臂塔机一般是在起重臂的末端设置吊钩，随着起重臂的俯仰，实现起吊及吊载的变幅运动。目前，随着塔机的发展，开始研究塔机，指的是一个起重臂具有动臂模式也具有平臂模式，在平臂模式下，小车通过滚轮在起重臂主弦杆上表面移动，使用平臂吊钩起吊物体；在动臂模式下，小车固定在起重臂上，无法移动，使用动臂吊钩起吊物体。
目前，在动臂模式下，小车固定在起重臂上，无法移动，小车随起重臂俯仰。且如图1所示，由于现有的小车上用于起吊平臂吊钩的两个起吊滑轮3，平行设置，处于同一高度。当起重臂的俯仰角度较大时，两个起吊滑轮3之间的水平间距很小，远小于平臂吊钩上滑轮的水平间距，导致排绳会很困难，吊钩无法顺利使用，因此，小车在动臂模式下基本无法起吊物体，处于闲置状态。
若通过增大两个起吊滑轮之间的间隔，来增大处于起重臂的俯仰位置上时，二者的水平间距，会需要两个起吊滑轮之间的间隔翻倍扩大，导致小车的尺寸与重量均显著变大，然小车固定在起重臂的端臂节上，若增大尺寸与重量，会影响起重臂的作业，严重影响作业效率。而行业标准内，也对小车的尺寸与重量具有范围限定。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请提供了一种小车和塔机，解决了现有小车只适用于塔机平臂模式却无法在动臂模式下顺畅排绳，使用吊钩起吊物体的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本申请的实施例提供如下技术方案：一种小车，包括：车架；起吊轮滑组件，设置在所述车架上，并包括有第一滑轮及第二滑轮；其中，所述第一滑轮与所述第二滑轮的连线相对于所述车架的长度方向具有夹角。
可选地，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括有第四滑轮，所述第四滑轮与所述第一滑轮同轴设置。
可选地，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括第三滑轮，所述第三滑轮与所述第四滑轮沿所述车架的长度方向排列。
可选地，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括起吊轮架，所述第一滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述第三滑轮和所述第四滑轮，均安装在所述起吊轮架上，所述起吊轮架与所述车架连接。
可选地，所述起吊轮架包括两片相对且间隔设置的固定板和多个轮轴，所述轮轴的两端分别与两个所述固定板连接；所述第一滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述第三滑轮和所述第四滑轮分别套设在对应的所述轮轴上。
可选地，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括设置于所述第一滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述第三滑轮和所述第四滑轮上方的挡绳杆，所述挡绳杆固定在所述起吊轮架上。
可选地，还包括套管，所述套管的一端与所述车架或所述起吊轮滑组件连接。
可选地，所述小车还包括用于与起重臂可拆卸连接的第一连接座和第二连接管；所述第一连接座与所述起吊轮滑组件和/或所述车架连接；所述第二连接管与所述车架和/或所述起吊轮滑组件连接。
可选地，所述车架设置有多个滚轮组，所述滚轮组包括：行走导轮和侧向导轮。
根据本申请的另一方面，还提供一种塔机，包括吊钩、塔身、起重臂及小车，所述小车设置在所述起重臂上；
所述小车包括：车架及设置在所述车架上的起吊轮滑组件，所述起吊轮滑组件包括起吊轮架及安装在所述起吊轮架上的第一滑轮和第二滑轮，其中，所述第一滑轮与所述第二滑轮的连线与所述车架的长度方向具有夹角；
其中，所述吊钩通过钢丝绳吊在所述小车上，所述钢丝绳绕过所述第一滑轮，经过所述吊钩的滑轮后绕在所述第二滑轮上。
可选地，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括安装在所述起吊轮架上的第三滑轮和第四滑轮，所述第四滑轮与所述第一滑轮同轴设置，所述第三滑轮与所述第四滑轮沿所述车架的长度方向排列；
所述吊钩包括吊钩滑轮组件，所述吊钩滑轮组件包括上滑轮和下滑轮；
其中，所述钢丝绳依次绕经所述第一滑轮、所述上滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述下滑轮、所述第四滑轮及所述第三滑轮。
可选地，所述吊钩滑轮组件还包括吊钩轮架，所述下滑轮安装在所述吊钩轮架上，所述上滑轮与所述吊钩轮架可拆卸连接；
所述小车还包括第一连接件，所述第一连接件的一端与所述车架或所述起吊轮架铰接，另一端与所述上滑轮连接。
可选地，所述第一连接件为套管，所述上滑轮上连接有连接轴，所述连接轴的上端设置为插入所述套管内，并能相对于套管移动；其中，所述套管和所述连接轴设置为，在所述连接轴沿所述套管移动至预设位置时能够连接在一起。
可选地，所述下滑轮沿水平方向排列设置有两个；
当起重臂转动至最大的俯仰位置时，所述第一滑轮与所述第二滑轮的连线在水平方向的投影长度不小于两个所述下滑轮的连线在水平方向的投影长度。
本申请提供的技术方案中，小车的起吊轮滑组件中，第一滑轮与第二滑轮用于承载吊钩，两个滑轮的连线，相对于车架的长度方向呈倾斜状，与车架的长度方向具有夹角，当小车连接到起重臂上时，即第一滑轮与第二滑轮的连线与起重臂的下弦杆具有夹角。如此设置，当小车随起重臂俯仰转动而处于非水平状态的其他倾斜位置时，第一滑轮与第二滑轮的水平间距，即连线在水平方向上的投影的长度，相比于现有技术中(沿车架长度方向的结构模式下)两个定滑轮的水平间距，显著增大；因此，通过改变两个起吊滑轮的结构设置，在无需增加小车长度方向下尺寸的基础上，增大了小车在非水平的倾斜位置下时两个起吊滑轮的水平间距，显著提高了此类位置下的排绳顺畅性，使得小车所承载的吊钩可以顺畅高效的升降而能够提升物体。
可见，本申请提供的小车，适用于具有动臂模式和平臂模式的起重臂；在动臂模式下，随着起重臂俯仰转动的过程中，小车上的吊钩仍然可以顺畅的起吊物体，增加了动臂模式下，塔机的起吊点，扩宽使用功能，增强使用性能，提高工作效率；且由于在动臂模式下吊钩距离塔身很近，则在动臂模式下也能够使用距离塔身很近的起吊幅矩来起吊重物，克服了动臂模式下只能使用起重臂末端的吊钩起吊重物而存在的缺点。
附图说明
图1所示为现有技术中心小车与载重吊钩的连接示意图；
图2所示为本申请实施例中小车的整体结构图；
图3所示为本申请实施例中车架与起吊轮滑组件的连接结构图；
图4所示为本申请实施例中车架的结构图；
图5所示为本申请实施例中起吊轮滑组件从第一角度看的结构示意图；
图6所示为本申请实施例中起吊轮滑组件从第二角度看的结构示意图；
图7所示为本申请实施例中起吊轮滑组件的侧视图；
图8所示为本申请实施例中起吊轮滑组件的仰视图；
图9所示为本申请实施例中小车与起重臂的连接示意图；
图10所示为本申请实施例中起重臂处于水平位置且小车在第一种起吊倍率时的示意图；
图11所示为本申请实施例中起重臂处于水平位置且小车在第二种起吊倍率时的示意图；
图12所示为本申请实施例中起重臂处于俯角为45度的位置且小车在第一种起吊倍率时的示意图；
图13所示为本申请实施例中起重臂处于俯角为45度的位置且小车在第二种起吊倍率时的示意图；
图14所示为本申请实施例中起重臂处于最大俯角位置且小车在第一种起吊倍率时的示意图；
图15所示为本申请实施例中起重臂处于最大俯角位置且小车在第二种起吊倍率时的示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-车架；11-立柱；12-横杆；13-连接杆；14、滚轮组；141-行走导轮；142-侧向导轮；15-第一连接座；151-第一连接管；152-支座；16-棘轮；2-起吊轮滑组件；21-第一滑轮；22-第二滑轮；23-第三滑轮；24-第四滑轮；25-起吊轮架；26-第二连接管；27-挡绳杆；3-吊篮；4-套管；5-吊钩体；6-吊钩滑轮组件；61-吊钩轮架；62-上滑轮；63-下滑轮；7-连接轴；8-下弦杆。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例致力于提供一种适用于起重臂的动臂模式和平臂模式的小车，通过改变小车的起吊滑轮的设置结构，在不增加小车尺寸的基础上，显著扩大了小车在倾斜状态下两个起吊滑轮的水平间距，增强此类位置下的排绳顺畅性，使小车所承载的吊钩在小车的倾斜状态下也可以顺利升降而起吊物体，从而实现了小车在动臂模式的俯仰位置时，与塔机距离近的吊钩也能够顺畅高效的起吊重物的目的，提高了小车的适用性与使用性。本申请实施例还致力于提供一种具有上述小车的塔机。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
如附图2-附图15所示，本申请的实施例提供了一种小车，该小车包括有车架1及 与车架1相连的起吊轮滑组件2，起吊轮滑组件2与吊钩上的吊钩滑轮组件6形成轮滑组，使吊钩体5悬吊在小车上并进行升降。起吊轮滑组件2包括有第一滑轮21及第二滑轮22；如图10-15所示，吊钩体5通过滑轮组连接到车架1上，而车架1能连接在起重臂上，车架1的长度方向与起重臂的延伸方向一致，车架1连接在起重臂的下弦杆8上，则车架1的长度方向与起重臂下弦杆8的延伸方向一致。车架1承载着吊钩体5，随起重臂同步俯仰转动，当起重臂处于水平位置时，下弦杆8沿水平方向延伸，俯仰角度为零，小车也呈水平位置；起重臂从水平位置向上转动会产生仰角，从水平位置向下转动会产生俯角，随着俯仰角度增大，起重臂及小车相对于水平位置的倾斜程度也会增大。而当小车倾斜时，起吊轮滑组件2中起吊滑轮之间的水平间距(水平方向的距离)缩小，倾斜程度越大，水平间距越小，对钢丝绳的移动所产生的阻扰越大。
因此，本实施例中，起吊轮滑组件2中的第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22，不再沿车架1的长度方向排列布置，而是错位排列，第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线与车架1的长度方向具有夹角，即相对于车架1的长度方向上下倾斜布置。如此设置，相比于现有技术中两个起吊滑轮沿车架1长度方向排列的结构模式，本实施例的小车，在无需增大小车长度方向的尺寸的基础上，即增大了第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线的长度，也增大了小车在倾斜角度下第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22之间的水平间距(即第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线在水平方向的投影)，增强了小车在倾斜状态下，吊钩体5的排绳顺畅性，使吊钩体5可以顺利升降而能够起吊物体。
当车架1连接到起重臂上，车架1的长度方向与下弦杆8的延伸方向一致。如图9和图10所示，以起重臂处于水平位置为例，当起重臂处于水平位置，起重臂的下弦杆8沿水平方向延伸，车架1位于水平位置，长度方向为水平方向，第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线(图10-15中两个定滑轮上的虚线)与下弦杆8即水平方向具有夹角，呈倾斜状布置。当起重臂俯仰转动而处于非水平状态的其他俯仰角度位置时，第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的水平间距，即第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线在水平方向上的投影的长度(图10-15中定滑轮下的横向虚线)，相比于现有技术中(沿车架长度方向即下弦杆8的延伸方向排列的结构模式下)两个滑轮的水平间距显著增大。因此，本申请提供的技术方案，通过改变两个起吊滑轮的结构设置，达到了在无需增加小车于长度方向的尺寸的基础上，增大小车随起重臂运动到非水平的其他俯仰位置时两个起吊滑轮水平间距的目的，显著提高了在此类位置下小车的排绳顺畅性，使得吊钩体5可以顺畅的升降而提升物体。
可见，本实施例提供的小车，在动臂模式下，随着起重臂俯仰转动的过程中，吊钩 仍然可以顺畅的起吊物体，适用于动臂塔机，也非常适用于具有动臂模式和平臂模式的两用塔机，不仅增加了动臂模式下塔机的起吊点，扩宽了使用功能，增强塔机的使用性能，提高工作效率，而且由于在动臂模式下小车下方的吊钩距离塔身很近，则，在动臂模式下也能够使用距离塔身很近的起吊幅矩来起吊重物，显著克服了动臂模式下只能使用起重臂末端的吊钩起吊重物而存在的缺点。从而，本实施例提供的小车，具有很高的适用性能，适用于动臂塔机，也适用于具有动臂模式和平臂模式的两用塔机，并克服了动臂模式的起吊缺点，使塔机可以更高效的工作，显著增强了塔机的使用性能。
从上述实施例可知，第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线相对于车架1的长度方向倾斜设置，可以增强在非水平的俯仰位置下排绳的顺畅性，使吊钩体5顺利起吊。本实施例中，对该连线的设置进行进一步限定，当起重臂转动至最大的俯仰位置时，第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线在水平方向的投影长度，不小于吊钩滑轮组中的滑轮的连线在水平方向的投影长度(图10-15中两个吊钩滑轮上的虚线)；即，处于最大的俯仰位置时，第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的水平间距仍然不小于吊钩体5顺利起吊所需的距离尺寸，如图14与图15所示。如此，保证了在起重臂俯仰到最大位置、小车随之处于最大倾斜程度时，吊钩仍然能顺畅使用。而第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线的倾斜程度，即第一滑轮21和第二滑轮22的连线与车架1的长度方向或起重臂下弦杆8的夹角，可以根据其他相关参数进行具体设置，此处不进行具体列举。
起吊轮滑组件2中还包括第四滑轮24，第四滑轮24与第一滑轮21同轴布置。
起吊轮滑组件2还包括有第三滑轮23，第三滑轮23与第四滑轮24沿车架1的长度方向排列。第一滑轮21、第二滑轮22与第三滑轮23呈三角形分布，如图5-7所示，一方面，具有良好的结构稳固性，另一方面，第三滑轮23将钢丝绳的绕出端引向塔机起重臂的臂端节。
起吊轮滑组件2包括有起吊轮架25，起吊轮架25也可以呈截面类似三角形的形状。一种实施例中，起吊轮架25包括两片相对且间隔设置的固定板、支撑第三滑轮23的轮轴、支撑第一滑轮21的轮轴及支撑第二滑轮22的轮轴；而各个轮轴的轴向两端分别与两个固定板固连。两个固定板之间还可以通过连接片进行加强连接固定。如此设置，一方面，轮架与各轮轴的排布都呈三角形结构，结构强度高，整体稳固性高，另一方面，两个固定板之间除各轮轴外无其他连接物，起吊轮架25呈中部镂空状，在保证结构强度的基础上减轻重量，对于减少小车的整体重量增大起吊载荷具有益处。
吊钩包括吊钩体5、吊钩滑轮组件6，吊钩滑轮组件6包括吊钩轮架61及滑轮，吊钩体5和滑轮均与吊钩轮架61连接。一种实施例中，滑轮设置有两组，一组为上滑轮 62，一组为下滑轮63，上滑轮62与吊钩体5的间距，大于下滑轮63与吊钩体5的间距。而为合理绕线，从起升机构伸出的钢丝绳首先绕至第一滑轮21，形成引入端，而后钢丝绳从第一滑轮21依次绕经吊钩滑轮组件6的上滑轮62、第二滑轮22、吊钩滑轮组件6的下滑轮63、第四滑轮24及第三滑轮23，从第三滑轮23处形成引出端，而后延伸至起重臂的端臂节，并固定在端臂节上。如此设置，在吊钩滑轮组件6中有多组滑轮的情况下，小车可以更合理的进行绕线，保证排绳的顺畅性。
起吊轮滑组件2还包括分别设置于第一滑轮21、第二滑轮22、第三滑轮23和第四滑轮24上方的挡绳杆27。挡绳杆27与轮轴平行布置，位于滑轮的上方且处于滑轮向上的投影范围内，变幅钢丝绳在滑轮上的引出端从滑轮与挡绳杆之间往外延伸，则变幅钢丝绳受挡绳杆27的阻挡作用，在钢丝绳松弛时，可以防止钢丝绳从滑轮上脱出。
下滑轮63可以是设置有沿水平方向排列的两个，多于上滑轮62的个数，故，上述实施例中，起吊轮滑组件2中第一滑轮21和第二滑轮22的连线在水平方向的投影长度大于等于两个下滑轮63的连线长度，如图10-15所示。
一种实施例中，上滑轮62与吊钩轮架61可拆卸连接，并能与车架1或起吊轮架25可拆卸连接。这样，上滑轮62有两种位置情况，一种是上滑轮62连接在吊钩轮架61上，此时，上滑轮62为动滑轮，另一种是上滑轮62与吊钩轮架61分离，而与车架1或起吊轮架25连接，此时，上滑轮62形成定滑轮。两种情况，对应了两种提升倍率。从而可以在不增加滑轮数量的情况下，便捷地实现倍率调节。
一种实施例中，如图10所示，小车还包括第一连接件，第一连接件的一端与车架1或起吊轮架25铰接，另一端用于连接吊钩滑轮组件6中的上滑轮62，具体是与上滑轮62连接有连接支架，第一连接件的另一端连接于该连接支架。则，一方面，上滑轮62通过第一连接件与车架1连接或分离，而第一连接件可延伸至起吊轮架25下方，上滑轮62的固定与分离操作在宽敞的区域进行，增加操作便捷程度；另一方面，第一连接件与车架1或起吊轮架25铰接，则在俯仰过程中，第一连接件始终沿竖直方向下垂，可以始终与上滑轮62保持相对正的位置关系，如图10、图12和图14所示，非常便于进行二者的连接与分离操作。
一种实施例中，第一连接件为套管4，上滑轮62上固连有连接轴7(连接轴7具体固定在上滑轮62的连接支架上)。当需要将上滑轮62固定到车架1上时，如图10、图12和图14所示，吊钩滑轮组件6上升到最高位置，连接轴7的上端直接伸入到套管4内，可以直接定位在连接位置。进一步的优选实施例中，套管4与连接轴7通过销轴进行连接，则吊钩滑轮组件6上升到最高位置时，套管4与连接轴7上供销轴穿过的通孔 基本或恰好相对，工作人员直接使用销轴穿连套管4与连接轴7即可实现上滑轮62的固定，而后再将上滑轮62与吊钩轮架61分离即可，如图11、图13和图15所示。
当然，其他实施例中，吊钩滑轮组件6的滑轮也可以不止两组，套管4与上滑轮62的连接也可以通过其他连接件实现。
图4中示出了一种小车的车架1的组成及结构。车架1上还设置有多个滚轮组14，塔机处于平臂模式下，小车的滚轮组14沿起重臂的下弦杆8行走，实现变幅起吊；塔机处于动臂模式下，小车需要与起重臂靠近塔身的端臂节进行固定连接。故，车架1与起重臂的端臂节可拆卸的固连，且车架1能沿下弦杆8位移。因此，车架1可呈方形，包括两组沿下弦杆8宽度方向间隔设置的立柱11，两组立柱11的两端均通过横杆12连接。车架1与起重臂连接时，起重臂的两个下弦杆8位于两组立柱11之间，如图9所示。每组立柱中的立柱至少为两个，两个立柱11沿下弦杆8长度方向排列，同一组中的两个立柱11，通过连接杆13件连接。
每个立柱11上都设置有一组滚轮组14，各滚轮组14均沿起重臂的下弦杆8行走。一种实施例中，如图3和图9所示，每个滚轮组14均包括行走导轮141及侧向导轮142，行走导轮141沿起重臂的下弦杆8的上端面行走，侧向导轮142与下弦杆8的侧面相抵，沿侧面滚动。如此设置，可以保证小车沿起重臂位移而实现变幅起吊的稳固性，确保施工安全。
起吊轮滑组件2的起吊轮架25与两个横杆12固连，并位于横杆12的中部，如图2、图3所示，相当于位于起重臂宽度方向的中部，如图9所示，保证起重臂受力的平衡性。起吊轮架25可与车架1的横杆12焊接，保证连接强度。
车架1与起重臂的端臂节可拆卸连接。例如，小车上设置有第一连接座15及第二连接管26，如图3所示，第一连接座15及第二连接管26均能与起重臂可拆卸连接，如图9所示。如此设置，通过两点定连，实现小车与端臂节的固连；而通过紧固件或销轴进行可拆卸连接，操作简便。
优先的实施例中，第一连接座15上设置有第一连接管151，第一连接管151及第二连接管26均能供销轴穿过；起重臂上的对应区域，设置有供销轴穿过的销托。销托设置在起重臂上，便于工作人员取放销轴；小车上供销轴穿过的孔，设置为连接管的结构形式，可以增强连接稳固性。
第一连接座15及第二连接管26可沿下弦杆8的长度方向排列，而为优化受力的平衡性，第一连接座15及第二连接管26均处于车架1及端臂节宽度方向的中部。因此，第一连接座15及第二连接管26均可与车架1横杆12和/或起吊轮架25固连。
一种实施例中，如图3和图4所示，第一连接座15包括第一连接管151及支座152，第一连接管151通过支座152与起吊轮架25的另一端及车架1的另一个横杆12均进行固连，如焊接。支座152的上端与第一连接管151焊接固连、下端与横杆12焊接、侧面与起吊轮架25的固定板焊接。如此，第一连接座15与二者建立牢固的连接，形成整体结构。如图3和图5所示，第二连接管26连接在起吊轮架25的一端，起吊轮架25的该端设置有与对应横杆12对接的卡槽，横杆12嵌入卡槽内与起吊轮架25稳固相抵并焊接，从而第二连接管26与车架1建立固连关系。第二连接管26的两端分别与起吊轮架25的两个固定板相连。第二连接管26受两个固定板的支撑与固定作用，很稳固。
如图4和图10所示，车架1上还设置有作用于第三滑轮23的棘轮机构，棘轮机构的棘齿槽设置在车架1上。转动棘轮机构的棘轮16可以涨紧变幅钢丝绳。如此设置，在变幅机构的自动涨绳结构外，又增设了人工涨紧结构，工作人员可以通过棘轮16对小车上的变幅钢丝绳进行涨紧调节，避免变幅钢丝绳变松而影响小车变幅移动。
一种实施例中，车架1上还设置有楔套和/或防断绳组件，此处的楔套与防断绳组件可为现有技术中的任一种结构。
一种实施例中，小车还包括吊篮3，车架1上还设置有吊篮安装座，用于与吊篮3安装连接。吊篮3位于起重臂的一侧，故吊篮安装座可设置在车架1的连接杆13上。
根据本申请的另一方面，还提供一种塔机，包括吊钩、塔身、起重臂及小车，所述小车设置在所述起重臂上；
所述小车包括：车架1及设置在车架1上的起吊轮滑组件2，所述起吊滑轮组件2包括起吊轮架25及安装在起吊轮架25上的第一滑轮21和第二滑轮22，其中，第一滑轮21与所述第二滑轮22的连线与车架1的长度方向具有上下方向上的夹角；
其中，吊钩通过钢丝绳吊在小车上，钢丝绳绕过第一滑轮21，经过所述吊钩的滑轮后绕在第二滑轮22上。
由于第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22的连线与车架1的长度方向具有上下方向上的夹角，因此，在起重臂俯仰运动而处于倾斜状态时，第一滑轮21与第二滑轮22之间仍具有一定的水平间距，从而实现了在起重臂的倾斜状态，吊钩仍然可以顺利升降而能够起吊物体。
在一个实施例中，所述起吊轮滑组件2还包括安装在起吊轮架25上的第三滑轮23和第四滑轮24，第四滑轮24与第一滑轮21同轴设置，第三滑轮23与第四滑轮24沿车架1的长度方向排列；
所述吊钩包括吊钩滑轮组件6，吊钩滑轮组件6包括上滑轮62和下滑轮63；
其中，所述钢丝绳依次绕经第一滑轮21、上滑轮62、第二滑轮22、下滑轮63、第四滑轮24及第三滑轮23。
在一个实施例中，吊钩滑轮组件6还包括吊钩轮架61，下滑轮63安装在吊钩轮架61上，上滑轮62与吊钩轮架61可拆卸连接。
所述小车还包括：第一连接件，第一连接件的一端与车架1或起吊轮架25铰接，另一端用于与上滑轮62连接。
在上滑轮62与吊钩轮架61连接时，上滑轮62为定滑轮，在上滑轮62与吊钩轮架61断开连接时，上滑轮62为定滑轮，上滑轮62为定滑轮和上滑轮62为动滑轮分别对应于两种不同的提升倍率，可根据实际情况，实现倍率调节。
可选地，所述第一连接件为套管4，上滑轮62上连接有连接轴7，连接轴7的上端设置为插入套管4内，并能相对于套管4移动；其中，所述套管和所述连接轴设置为，在所述连接轴沿所述套管移动至连接位置时能够连接在一起。例如，可以通过销轴穿过套管4和连接轴7上对应的通孔实现连接。
在一个实施例中，所述下滑轮63沿水平方向排列设置有两个；第一滑轮21和第二滑轮22进一步设置为：当起重臂转动至最大的俯仰位置时，第一滑轮21与所述第二滑轮22的连线在水平方向的投影长度不小于两个下滑轮63的连线在水平方向的投影长度。
关于塔机的进一步的特征可以参考上述关于小车的描述。
本实施例还提供了一种塔机，设置有塔身、起重臂及如上任一项实施例中的小车。起重臂具有动臂模式或者平臂模式，小车与起重臂相连，在平臂模式下，沿起重臂的下弦杆8行走进行变幅起吊，动臂模式下，与端臂节固连，随着起重臂的俯仰，仍然可使用小车上的载重吊钩进行起吊。如此设置，本实施例提供的塔机，在动臂模式下，也能够使用距离塔身很近的起吊幅矩来起吊重物，且并未增大小车在下弦杆8方向上的尺寸，并未对作业载荷造成不良影响，故，具有动平臂两种模式的使用优点，且克服了动臂模式的起吊缺点，显著提升了使用性能，并提高了工作效率。该有益效果的推导过程与上述实施例中小车有益效果的推导过程基本一致，此处不再赘述。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本申请的基本原理，但是，需要指出的是，在本申请中提及的优点、优势、效果等仅是示例而非限制，不能认为这些优点、优势、效果等是本申请的各个实施例必须具备的。另外，上述公开的具体细节仅是为了示例的作用和便于理解的作用，而非限制，上述细节并不限制本申请为必须采用上述具体的细节来实现。
本申请中涉及的器件、装置的图仅作为例示性的例子并且不意图要求或暗示必须按照方框图示出的方式进行连接、布置、配置。如本领域技术人员将认识到的，可以按任 意方式连接、布置、配置这些器件、装置。诸如“包括”、“包含”、“具有”等等的词语是开放性词汇，指“包括但不限于”，且可与其互换使用。这里所使用的词汇“或”和“和”指词汇“和/或”，且可与其互换使用，除非上下文明确指示不是如此。这里所使用的词汇“诸如”指词组“诸如但不限于”，且可与其互换使用。
还需要指出的是，在本申请的装置、设备中，各部件或各步骤是可以分解和/或重新组合的。这些分解和/或重新组合应视为本申请的等效方案。
提供所公开的方面的以上描述以使本领域的任何技术人员能够做出或者使用本申请。对这些方面的各种修改对于本领域技术人员而言是非常显而易见的，并且在此定义的一般原理可以应用于其他方面而不脱离本申请的范围。因此，本申请不意图被限制到在此示出的方面，而是按照与在此公开的原理和新颖的特征一致的最宽范围。
应当理解，本申请实施例描述中所用到的限定词“第一”、“第二”仅用于更清楚的阐述技术方案，并不能用于限制本申请的保护范围。
为了例示和描述的目的已经给出了以上描述。此外，此描述不意图将本申请的实施例限制到在此公开的形式。尽管以上已经讨论了多个示例方面和实施例，但是本领域技术人员将认识到其某些变型、修改、改变、添加和子组合。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种小车，其特征在于，包括：
    车架；
    起吊轮滑组件，设置在所述车架上，包括第一滑轮及第二滑轮；
    其中，所述第一滑轮与所述第二滑轮的连线与所述车架的长度方向具有夹角。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的小车，其特征在于，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括有第四滑轮，所述第四滑轮与所述第一滑轮同轴设置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的小车，其特征在于，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括第三滑轮，所述第三滑轮与所述第四滑轮沿所述车架的长度方向排列。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的小车，其特征在于，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括起吊轮架，所述第一滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述第三滑轮和所述第四滑轮，均安装在所述起吊轮架上，所述起吊轮架与所述车架连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的小车，其特征在于，所述起吊轮架包括两片相对且间隔设置的固定板和多个轮轴，所述轮轴的两端分别与两个所述固定板连接；所述第一滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述第三滑轮和所述第四滑轮分别套设在对应的所述轮轴上。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的小车，其特征在于，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括分别设置于所述第一滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述第三滑轮和所述第四滑轮上方的挡绳杆，所述挡绳杆固定在所述起吊轮架上。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的小车，其特征在于，还包括套管，所述套管的一端与所述车架或所述起吊轮滑组件连接。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的小车，其特征在于，所述小车还包括用于与起重臂可拆卸连接的第一连接座和第二连接管；所述第一连接座与所述起吊轮滑组件和/或所述车架连接；所述第二连接管与所述车架和/或所述起吊轮滑组件连接。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的小车，其特征在于，所述车架设置有多个滚轮组，所述滚轮组包括：行走导轮和侧向导轮。
  10. 一种塔机，其特征在于，包括吊钩、塔身、起重臂及小车，所述小车设置在所述起重臂上；
    所述小车包括：车架及设置在所述车架上的起吊轮滑组件，所述起吊轮滑组件包括起吊轮架及安装在所述起吊轮架上的第一滑轮和第二滑轮，其中，所述第一滑轮与所述第二滑轮的连线与所述车架的长度方向具有上下方向上的夹角；
    其中，所述吊钩通过钢丝绳吊在所述小车上，所述钢丝绳绕过所述第一滑轮，经过所述吊钩的滑轮后绕在所述第二滑轮上。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的塔机，其特征在于，所述起吊轮滑组件还包括安装在所述起吊轮架上的第三滑轮和第四滑轮，所述第四滑轮与所述第一滑轮同轴设置，所述第三滑轮与所述第四滑轮沿所述车架的长度方向排列；
    所述吊钩包括吊钩滑轮组件，所述吊钩滑轮组件包括上滑轮和下滑轮；
    其中，所述钢丝绳依次绕经所述第一滑轮、所述上滑轮、所述第二滑轮、所述下滑轮、所述第四滑轮及所述第三滑轮。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的塔机，其特征在于，所述吊钩滑轮组件还包括吊钩轮架，所述下滑轮安装在所述吊钩轮架上，所述上滑轮与所述吊钩轮架可拆卸连接；
    所述小车还包括第一连接件，所述第一连接件的一端与所述车架或所述起吊轮架铰接，另一端与所述上滑轮连接。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的塔机，其特征在于，所述第一连接件为套管，所述上滑轮上连接有连接轴，所述连接轴的上端设置为插入所述套管内，并能相对于套管移动；其中，所述套管和所述连接轴设置为，在所述连接轴沿所述套管移动至预设位置时能够连接在一起。
  14. 如权利要求11-13中任意一项所述的塔机，其特征在于，所述下滑轮沿水平方向排列设置有两个；
    当起重臂转动至最大的俯仰位置时，所述第一滑轮与所述第二滑轮的连线在水平方向的投影长度不小于两个所述下滑轮的连线在水平方向的投影长度。
PCT/CN2022/122490 2022-04-29 2022-09-29 小车及塔机 WO2023206967A1 (zh)

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KR20000025551A (ko) * 1998-10-13 2000-05-06 추호석 크레인에 사용되는 후크블록의 구조
KR20120001291A (ko) * 2010-06-29 2012-01-04 김병길 티타입 크레인 및 러핑타입 크레인 겸용 트롤리
CN203095447U (zh) * 2013-01-06 2013-07-31 浙江省建设机械集团有限公司 自动变倍率吊钩装置
CN104310240A (zh) * 2014-10-11 2015-01-28 徐州建机工程机械有限公司 一种塔式起重机倍率自动转化装置
CN204980896U (zh) * 2015-06-05 2016-01-20 新乡市起重机厂有限公司 一种具有防摇摆功能的起重机小车

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20000025551A (ko) * 1998-10-13 2000-05-06 추호석 크레인에 사용되는 후크블록의 구조
KR20120001291A (ko) * 2010-06-29 2012-01-04 김병길 티타입 크레인 및 러핑타입 크레인 겸용 트롤리
CN203095447U (zh) * 2013-01-06 2013-07-31 浙江省建设机械集团有限公司 自动变倍率吊钩装置
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