WO2023206851A1 - 鼓节点的安装方法、钢结构网壳及其拼装单元的施工方法 - Google Patents

鼓节点的安装方法、钢结构网壳及其拼装单元的施工方法 Download PDF

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WO2023206851A1
WO2023206851A1 PCT/CN2022/110601 CN2022110601W WO2023206851A1 WO 2023206851 A1 WO2023206851 A1 WO 2023206851A1 CN 2022110601 W CN2022110601 W CN 2022110601W WO 2023206851 A1 WO2023206851 A1 WO 2023206851A1
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drum
node
drum node
positioning
auxiliary
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PCT/CN2022/110601
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English (en)
French (fr)
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廖继
王军
刘艺博
李国银
佟树峰
黎绪建
秦汉
尹杰
王晓峰
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中建三局第三建设工程有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2023206851A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023206851A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16Tools or apparatus
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/18Adjusting tools; Templates
    • E04G21/1841Means for positioning building parts or elements
    • E04G21/185Means for positioning building parts or elements for anchoring elements or elements to be incorporated in the structure

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering, and specifically relates to a method for installing drum nodes and a construction method for steel structure reticulated shells and assembly units thereof.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for installing drum nodes and a construction method for steel structure lattice shells and assembly units thereof, which can improve the positioning accuracy of drum nodes and the assembly of steel structure lattice shells. efficiency, improve project quality and save construction period.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is a drum node installation method, which includes the following steps:
  • step S1 the rectangular tube is installed vertically as a vertical tire frame, and the auxiliary steel plate is welded on the top surface of the rectangular tube.
  • step S1 the height of the vertical tire frame is calculated in advance through drawings and models, and fine-tuning is performed when the vertical tire frame is installed on site to reserve the installation height of the positioning steel bars.
  • step S3 the elevation of the projection point of the center point of the lower surface of the drum node on the top of the vertical tire frame is measured with a laser level, and the length of the center point positioning rib is calculated based on the elevation of the center point of the lower surface of the drum node.
  • step S4 when making the auxiliary drum node, weld the buckle at the center point of the lower surface of the auxiliary drum node; when positioning, stand the buckle of the auxiliary drum node on the central positioning rib.
  • step S4 positioning steel bars are welded at at least three different positions on the vertical tire frame, and the top surface of the positioning steel bars is in contact with the lower surface of the auxiliary drum node.
  • the invention also provides a construction method for assembling units of steel structure reticulated shells, which includes the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a construction method for a steel structure reticulated shell, which includes the following steps:
  • step S3 several supporting tire frames are set up according to the structure of the steel structure lattice shell.
  • step S1 the steel structure lattice shell is divided into several assembly units based on the size of the on-site assembly site, the maximum lifting weight of the on-site tower crane, and the stress analysis of the steel structure lattice shell.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention first finds the position of the drum node by using an auxiliary drum node that is consistent in size with the drum node and is lighter and simpler, and then replaces the auxiliary drum node with a real drum node, which can achieve rapid positioning of the drum node; and because the drum node The center point of the lower surface cannot be set up to set out the prism. Therefore, by finding the projection point of the center point of the lower surface of the drum node on the top surface of the vertical tire frame, and then converting it through positioning steel bars, the precise positioning of the drum node can be achieved;
  • the steel structure lattice shell of the present invention is installed using the construction method of "ground segmented assembly + high-altitude segmented assembly".
  • the support frame is used to expand and assemble from the center, so that small units can be pulled together to form a stable system, which can Greatly improve construction efficiency and shorten construction period.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the drum node according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a segmented schematic diagram of the "peanut shell” steel structure reticulated shell according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a layout diagram of the supporting tire frame during the construction of the "peanut shell” steel structure reticulated shell according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting tire frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a stress diagram of the "peanut shell” steel structure reticulated shell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a layout diagram of the A1-1 assembly unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a drum node installation method, which includes the following steps:
  • the position of the drum node is first found by using an auxiliary drum node that is consistent in size with the drum node and is lighter and simpler, and then replaces the auxiliary drum node with a real drum node, which can achieve rapid positioning of the drum node; and because the lower surface of the drum node The center point cannot be set up to set out the prism.
  • the precise positioning of the drum node can be achieved.
  • the center point of the upper surface and the center point of the lower surface of the drum node are positioned through the total station, with high positioning accuracy and small cumulative error.
  • step S1 the rectangular tube is installed vertically as a vertical tire frame, and the auxiliary steel plate is welded on the top surface of the rectangular tube.
  • the vertical tire frame can be assembled by using discarded rectangular tubes on site.
  • an auxiliary steel plate needs to be welded on the top surface of the rectangular tube.
  • step S1 the height of the vertical tire frame is calculated in advance through drawings and models, and when the vertical tire frame is installed on site, it is slightly lowered to reserve installation space for positioning steel bars.
  • step S3 the elevation of the projection point of the center point of the lower surface of the drum node on the top of the vertical tire frame is measured with a laser level, and the length of the center point positioning rib is calculated based on the elevation of the center point of the lower surface of the drum node.
  • step S4 when making the auxiliary drum node, weld the buckle at the center point of the lower surface of the auxiliary drum node; when positioning, stand the buckle of the auxiliary drum node on the central positioning rib to facilitate the rotation of the auxiliary drum. node as well as remove the auxiliary drum node.
  • step S4 positioning steel bars are welded at at least three different positions on the vertical tire frame, and the top surface of the positioning steel bars is in contact with the lower surface of the auxiliary drum node.
  • the lower surface of the drum node is fixedly connected to the top surface of the vertical tire frame through three positioning steel bars.
  • the three positioning steel bars are arranged at intervals to form a stable support and ensure the stability of the drum node.
  • This embodiment provides a construction method for assembling units of steel structure reticulated shells, including the following steps:
  • each drum node and each connecting rod have been numbered before assembly, and the size and direction can also be marked to ensure that each drum node and each connecting rod correspond to the one in the model to prevent deviations in component installation.
  • This embodiment provides a construction method for a steel structure reticulated shell, which includes the following steps:
  • step S3 several support frames are set up according to the structure of the steel structure lattice shell, and the specific number required is determined according to the size and fragmentation of the steel structure lattice shell.
  • step S1 the steel structure lattice shell is divided into several assembly units according to the size of the on-site assembly site, the maximum lifting weight of the on-site tower crane and the stress analysis of the steel structure lattice shell, so as to facilitate transportation, transport and assembly, and improve construction efficiency.
  • the construction method of this embodiment is used to construct the "peanut shell” steel structure reticulated shell.
  • the "Peanut Shell” steel structure lattice shell is divided into 29 assembly units according to reasonable weights. As shown in Figure 2, the entire lattice shell is divided into 29 assembly units. There are two large areas, A1 and B1. Area A1 is divided into 20 small units according to weight, and area B1 is divided into 9 small units. The serial number and weight of each assembled unit are shown in Table 1.
  • a support tire frame is arranged at the connection between A1-1 and A1-2 and the connection between A1-7 and A1-8.
  • the support frame is located on the first floor, and the lower part uses 20m2 steel plates and I-beams to disperse and concentrate the force.
  • the first and second negative floors in this area are jacked back to transmit the force to the raft foundation.
  • the main loads are calculated as follows: (1) Structural self-weight load; (2) Construction live load: considered according to the line load of 0.5kN/m; (3) Wind load: considered according to the local wind load of 0.25kN/ m2 that occurs once in 10 years.
  • the "peanut shell” steel structure lattice shell is reasonably divided into sections within the lifting weight of the tower crane, as shown in Figure 2, to facilitate transportation, reshipping and assembly; take the construction method of the assembly unit with serial number A1-1 as an example to illustrate.
  • the construction method of the assembled unit is similar and will not be described in detail here.
  • A1-1 The assembly unit has 22 drum nodes; at the same time, it is necessary to calculate the size of each connecting rod in the A1-1 assembly unit.
  • the A1-1 assembly unit has 40 rods. After making each connecting rod, mark it; then according to A1- 1. Carry out ground stakeout according to the layout diagram of the assembly unit, and use the installation method provided in Embodiment 1 to install and mark drum nodes at each node of the ground sample. Finally, hoist each connecting rod between the corresponding two drum nodes. And weld and fix the connecting rods to the drum nodes; after the assembly is completed, disconnect each drum node from the positioning steel bars below.
  • on-site measurement and positioning are carried out based on actual coordinates to ensure installation accuracy.
  • the drum nodes and connecting rods of each assembly unit are classified and transported to the corresponding area according to the design number according to the plane shape and position for processing and installation without affecting each other. This greatly improves installation efficiency.
  • the installation accuracy is improved through the elevation control of the infrared level.
  • the window bottom ring beams and tree branch supports are installed in sequence, and the supporting frame supports are set up at the overhanging parts.
  • the installation bottom elevation is at the basement roof, and the stress calculation must meet the requirements.
  • the support tire frame is installed using the construction method of "ground segmented assembly + high-altitude segmented assembly", and a truck crane is used for hoisting.

Abstract

一种鼓节点(2)的安装方法、钢结构网壳及其拼装单元的施工方法,先找出鼓节点下表面中心点(4)在地面上的投影点,并安装竖向胎架(6);然后找出鼓节点下表面中心点(4)在竖向胎架(6)顶面上的投影点,并焊接中心定位筋(8);再将辅助鼓节点的下表面中心点置于中心定位筋(8)上,旋转辅助鼓节点,使辅助鼓节点的上表面与鼓节点的空间位置重合,并在竖向胎架(6)上焊接定位钢筋(3);用鼓节点(2)替换辅助鼓节点,并将鼓节点(2)与定位钢筋(3)焊接固定。先通过辅助鼓节点找到鼓节点(2)的位置,再用鼓节点(2)替换辅助鼓节点,可以实现鼓节点(2)的快速定位;通过在竖向胎架(6)顶面上找出鼓节点下表面中心点(4)的投影点,再通过定位钢筋(3)进行转换,可以实现鼓节点(2)的精确定位。

Description

鼓节点的安装方法、钢结构网壳及其拼装单元的施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑工程技术领域,具体涉及一种鼓节点的安装方法、钢结构网壳及其拼装单元的施工方法。
背景技术
随着建筑设计的发展,许多大型公共建筑都采用曲面的钢结构网壳,不仅受力合理、覆盖跨度大、刚度大、自重轻,而且造型丰富、美观。节点在空间结构中起着重要的作用,节点连接多根连接杆件,是结构的关键部位。鼓节点因其特殊的结构越来越多地用于钢结构网壳中,但是由于曲面的钢结构网壳节点多、连接杆件多,而且每个节点角度不同,导致安装难度大,安装速度慢,延长了工期。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种鼓节点的安装方法、钢结构网壳及其拼装单元的施工方法,能够提高鼓节点的定位精度和钢结构网壳的拼装效率,提高工程质量,节省工期。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为一种鼓节点的安装方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、通过全站仪找出鼓节点下表面中心点在地面上的投影点,并在地面投影点处安装竖向胎架;
S2、通过全站仪找出鼓节点下表面中心点在竖向胎架顶面上的投影点,并做有效标记;
S3、在竖向胎架顶面上的有效标记点处焊接计算长度的中心定位筋;
S4、制作与鼓节点尺寸一致的更为轻便简易的辅助鼓节点;将辅助鼓节点的下表面中心点置于中心定位筋上,旋转辅助鼓节点,使辅助鼓节点的上表面与鼓节点的空间位置重合,并在竖向胎架上焊接定位钢筋;
S5、用鼓节点替换辅助鼓节点,并将鼓节点的下表面与定位钢筋焊接固定,完成鼓节点的定位安装。
进一步地,步骤S1中,将矩管竖直安装作为竖向胎架,并在矩管的顶面上焊接辅助钢板。
进一步地,步骤S1中,通过图纸及模型事先计算竖向胎架的高度,并在现场安装竖向胎架时进行微调以预留定位钢筋的安装高度。
进一步地,步骤S3中,通过激光水准仪测量竖向胎架顶面上鼓节点下表面中心点的投影点高程,并通过鼓节点下表面中心点的高程,计算中心点定位筋的长度。
进一步地,步骤S4中,在制作辅助鼓节点时,在辅助鼓节点下表面中心点的位置处焊接卡扣;定位时将辅助鼓节点的卡扣扣立在中心定位筋上。
进一步地,步骤S4中,在竖向胎架上至少三个不同的位置处焊接定位钢筋,且定位钢筋的顶面与辅助鼓节点的下表面接触。
本发明还提供一种钢结构网壳的拼装单元的施工方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、根据拼装单元的布置图及模型,对各个鼓节点以及各个连接杆件分别进行编号,并计算各个连接杆件的尺寸;
S2、按照计算的尺寸制作拼装单元的各个连接杆件并做好标记;
S3、根据拼装单元的布置图进行地面放样;
S4、采用权利要求1-6任一项所述的安装方法在地样各个节点处安装鼓节 点并做好标记;
S5、分别将各个连接杆件吊装至对应的两个鼓节点之间,并将连接杆件的端部与鼓节点焊接固定;
S6、将各个鼓节点与其下方的定位钢筋断开,完成拼装单元的施工。
本发明还提供一种钢结构网壳的施工方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将钢结构网壳分为若干拼装单元,对各个拼装单元进行编号;
S2、采用权利要求7所述的施工方法将各个拼装单元在地面上拼装好并做好标记;
S3、将窗底环梁安装好,并完成支撑胎架的搭设;
S4、先将支撑胎架处两侧的拼装单元吊装就位,且拼装单元的一端与窗底环梁焊接,另一端利用支撑胎架完成合拢连接;然后依次吊装其余拼装单元,并完成拼装单元之间的焊接以及拼装单元与窗底环梁的焊接;
S5、所有拼装单元拼装到位后,拆除支撑胎架。
进一步地,步骤S3中,根据钢结构网壳的结构搭设若干个支撑胎架。
进一步地,步骤S1中,根据现场拼装场地的大小、现场塔吊最大吊重以及钢结构网壳的受力分析将钢结构网壳分为若干拼装单元。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明先通过与鼓节点尺寸一致且更为轻便简易的辅助鼓节点找到鼓节点的位置,再用真正的鼓节点替换辅助鼓节点,可以实现鼓节点的快速定位;且由于鼓节点下表面中心点无法架立棱镜放线,因此通过在竖向胎架顶面上找出鼓节点下表面中心点的投影点,再通过定位钢筋进行转换,可以实现鼓节点的精确定位;
(2)本发明的钢结构网壳采用“地面分片拼装+高空分片组装”的施工方 法进行安装,利用支撑胎架由中心开始外扩拼装,使小单元相互拉结形成稳定体系,可以大大提高施工效率,缩短工期。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例的鼓节点的安装示意图;
图2为本发明实施例的“花生壳”钢结构网壳的分段示意图;
图3为本发明实施例的“花生壳”钢结构网壳施工时支撑胎架的布置图;
图4为本发明实施例的支撑胎架的结构示意图;
图5为本发明实施例的“花生壳”钢结构网壳的应力图;
图6为本发明实施例的A1-1拼装单元的布置图;
图中:1、鼓节点上表面中心点;2、鼓节点;3、定位钢筋;4、鼓节点下表面中心点;5、辅助钢板;6、竖向胎架;7、鼓节点下表面中心点的投影点;8、中心点定位筋;9、支撑胎架。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、 “外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“若干”的含义是两个或两个以上。
实施例一
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种鼓节点的安装方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、通过全站仪找出鼓节点下表面中心点在地面上的投影点,并在地面投影点处安装竖向胎架;
S2、通过全站仪找出鼓节点下表面中心点在竖向胎架顶面上的投影点,并做有效标记;
S3、在竖向胎架顶面上的有效标记点处焊接计算长度的中心定位筋,实现鼓节点下表面中心点投影转换,定位鼓节点下表面中心点空间坐标;
S4、制作与鼓节点尺寸一致的更为轻便简易的辅助鼓节点,便于快速定位鼓节点的空间位置;将辅助鼓节点的下表面中心点置于中心定位筋上,旋转辅助鼓节点,通过不断测量使辅助鼓节点的上表面与鼓节点的相对空间位置重合,进行鼓节点角度定位,并在竖向胎架上焊接定位钢筋;
S5、用鼓节点替换辅助鼓节点,并将鼓节点的下表面与定位钢筋焊接固定,实现鼓节点精准空间定位,完成鼓节点的定位安装。
本实施例先通过与鼓节点尺寸一致且更为轻便简易的辅助鼓节点找到鼓节点的位置,再用真正的鼓节点替换辅助鼓节点,可以实现鼓节点的快速定位;且由于鼓节点下表面中心点无法架立棱镜放线,通过在竖向胎架顶面上找出鼓节点下表面中心点的投影点,再通过定位钢筋进行转换,可以实现鼓节点的精确定位。且通过全站仪将鼓节点上表面中心点、下表面中心点进行定位,定位 精度高,累计误差小。
进一步地,步骤S1中,将矩管竖直安装作为竖向胎架,并在矩管的顶面上焊接辅助钢板。具体可以采用现场废弃的矩管拼装得到竖向胎架,但由于矩管为中空,为了便于中心定位筋即定位筋在矩管上的安装,需要在矩管的顶面上焊接辅助钢板。
进一步地,步骤S1中,通过图纸及模型事先计算竖向胎架的高度,并在现场安装竖向胎架时进行稍微调低些以预留定位钢筋的安装空间。
进一步地,步骤S3中,通过激光水准仪测量竖向胎架顶面上鼓节点下表面中心点的投影点高程,并通过鼓节点下表面中心点的高程,计算中心点定位筋的长度。
进一步地,步骤S4中,在制作辅助鼓节点时,在辅助鼓节点下表面中心点的位置处焊接卡扣;定位时将辅助鼓节点的卡扣扣立在中心定位筋上,便于旋转辅助鼓节点以及拆卸辅助鼓节点。
进一步地,步骤S4中,在竖向胎架上至少三个不同的位置处焊接定位钢筋,且定位钢筋的顶面与辅助鼓节点的下表面接触。如图1所示,鼓节点的下表面通过三根定位钢筋与竖向胎架的顶面固定连接,三根定位钢筋间隔布置可以形成稳定的支撑,确保鼓节点的稳固性。定位钢筋焊接时,先确定定位钢筋的位置及长度,然后将定位钢筋的顶面抵在辅助鼓节点的下表面上,然后将定位钢筋的底部与竖向胎架焊接固定。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种钢结构网壳的拼装单元的施工方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、根据拼装单元的布置图及模型,对各个鼓节点以及各个连接杆件分别进行编号,并计算各个连接杆件的尺寸;
S2、按照计算的尺寸制作拼装单元的各个连接杆件并做好标记;
S3、根据拼装单元的布置图进行地面放样;
S4、采用实施例一提供的安装方法在地样各个节点处安装鼓节点并做好标记;
S5、分别将各个连接杆件吊装至对应的两个鼓节点之间,并将连接杆件的端部与鼓节点焊接固定;
S6、将各个鼓节点与其下方的定位钢筋断开,完成拼装单元的施工。
本实施例在拼装前已对各个鼓节点以及各个连接杆件进行编号,还可以标记尺寸和方向,确保各个鼓节点以及各个连接杆件与模型中一一对应,防止构件安装出现偏差。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种钢结构网壳的施工方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将钢结构网壳分为若干拼装单元,对各个拼装单元进行编号;
S2、采用权利要求7所述的施工方法将各个拼装单元在地面上拼装好并做好标记;
S3、将窗底环梁安装好,并完成支撑胎架的搭设;
S4、先将支撑胎架处两侧的拼装单元吊装就位,且拼装单元的一端与窗底环梁焊接,另一端利用支撑胎架完成合拢连接;然后依次吊装其余拼装单元,并完成拼装单元之间的焊接以及拼装单元与窗底环梁的焊接;
S5、所有拼装单元拼装到位后,拆除支撑胎架。
进一步地,步骤S3中,根据钢结构网壳的结构搭设若干个支撑胎架,具体需要个数根据钢结构网壳的大小以及分片情况确定。
进一步地,步骤S1中,根据现场拼装场地的大小、现场塔吊最大吊重以及 钢结构网壳的受力分析将钢结构网壳分为若干拼装单元,以便于运输、倒运及拼装,提高施工效率。
采用本实施例的施工方法施工“花生壳”钢结构网壳。根据现场拼装场地大小、现场塔吊最大吊重以及钢结构网壳的受力分析,按照合理的重量将“花生壳”钢结构网壳分成29个拼装单元,如图2所示,整个网壳分为A1和B1两个大区,其中A1区按照重量分为20个小单元,B1区分为9个小单元;每个拼装单元的序号及重量如表1所示。
表1“花生壳”钢结构网壳的分段序号及重量
分段序号 分段重量(吨) 分段序号 分段重量(Kg)
A1-1 2.46T A1-11 1.2T
A1-2 2.65T A1-12 3.15T
A1-3 1.3T A1-13 2.1T
A1-4 2T A1-14 1.98T
A1-5 1.98T A1-15 2.3T
A1-6 2T A1-16 2.5T
A1-7 2.8T A1-17 2.6T
A1-8 2.8T A1-18 1.8T
A1-9 2.86T A1-19 1.86T
A1-10 2T A1-20 3.15T
B1-1 1.4T B1-6 3.0T
B1-2 3.6T B1-7 2.2T
B1-3 2.8T B1-8 12.5T
B1-4 2.3T B1-9 12.3T
B1-5 2.1T    
进行支撑胎架的设计与布设。在A1-1与A1-2连接处以及A1-7和A1-8连接处各布置一个支撑胎架。支撑胎架位于一层楼板上,下部采用20㎡钢板及工字钢分散集中作用力,同时在该区域负一层、负二层进行回顶,将力传输至筏板基础。
接着进行荷载模拟验算。构建MIDAS模型,并按照图3所示搭设3个支撑 胎架,支撑胎架采用如图4所示的结构,然后在最不利的载荷组合下,采用MIDAS计算是否满足规范设计要求。
主要荷载计算如下:(1)结构自重荷载;(2)施工活荷载:按照0.5kN/m的线荷载考虑;(3)风荷载:按照当地10年一遇风荷载0.25kN/m 2考虑。
根据《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB50009-2012)3.2.3~3.2.5的规定,支撑胎架工况及荷载组合项次如下表所示:
表2支撑胎架工况及荷载组合项次
Figure PCTCN2022110601-appb-000001
在最不利的载荷组合下,“花生壳”钢结构网壳的组合应力为176.3N/mm 2﹤310N/mm 2(《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003)表3.4.1-1),满足规范设计要求,如图5所示。
在塔吊吊重内合理对“花生壳”钢结构网壳进行分片分段,如图2所示,方便运输、倒运及拼装;以序号A1-1的拼装单元的施工方法为例进行说明,其与拼装单元的施工方法与其类似,在此不再详述。
先根据图6中序号A1-1拼装单元的布置图及其三维模型对A1-1拼装单元的各个鼓节点进行编号,并获取各个鼓节点的三维控制坐标,如表3所示,A1-1拼装单元有22个鼓节点;同时需要计算A1-1拼装单元中各个连接杆件的尺寸,A1-1拼装单元有40根杆件,制作好各个连接杆件后做好标记;然后根据A1-1拼装单元的布置图进行地面放样,并采用实施例一提供的安装方法在地样各个节点处安装鼓节点并做好标记,最后将各个连接杆件吊装至对应的两个鼓节点之间,并将连接杆件与鼓节点焊接固定;拼装完成后将各个鼓节点与其下方的 定位钢筋断开。在现场拼装过程中依据实际坐标进行现场测量,定位,确保安装精准度。
表3 A1-1拼装单元的各个鼓节点的三维控制坐标
Figure PCTCN2022110601-appb-000002
为方便现场安装的流水作业和作业面,且保证安装速度,根据平面形状和位置将每个拼装单元的鼓节点和连接杆件根据设计编号分类运至相应区域进行加工和安装,互不影响,这样大大提高了安装效率。在每个拼装单元拼装时,通过红外线水准仪标高控制,提高安装精确度。
在拼装单元拼装完成后,依次进行窗底环梁、树杈支撑的安装,并在悬挑部位搭设支撑胎架支撑,安装底标高在地下室顶板部位,受力验算均需满足要求。支撑胎架采用“地面分片拼装+高空分片组装”的施工方法安装,采用汽车吊进行吊装。
拼装时,首先拼装A1区,先将A1-1拼装单元通过塔吊吊装就位,并将A1-1拼装单元的一端与窗底环梁焊接,另一端置于支撑胎架上;然后将A1-2拼装单元通过塔吊吊装就位,并将A1-2拼装单元的一端与窗底环梁焊接,另一端置于 支撑胎架上;然后提取鼓节点空间坐标,实现鼓节点精准定位,在支撑胎架上完成A1-1拼装单元和A1-2拼装单元的合拢和连接;接着依次拼装至A1-20单元。A1区拼装完成后随即按顺序拼装B1区,最终完成“花生壳”钢结构网壳的拼装;拆除支撑胎架。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种鼓节点的安装方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    S1、通过全站仪找出鼓节点下表面中心点在地面上的投影点,并在地面投影点处安装竖向胎架;
    S2、通过全站仪找出鼓节点下表面中心点在竖向胎架顶面上的投影点,并做有效标记;
    S3、在竖向胎架顶面上的有效标记点处焊接计算长度的中心定位筋;
    S4、制作与鼓节点尺寸一致的更为轻便简易的辅助鼓节点;将辅助鼓节点的下表面中心点置于中心定位筋上,旋转辅助鼓节点,使辅助鼓节点的上表面与鼓节点的空间位置重合,并在竖向胎架上焊接定位钢筋;
    S5、用鼓节点替换辅助鼓节点,并将鼓节点的下表面与定位钢筋焊接固定,完成鼓节点的定位安装。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的鼓节点的安装方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,将矩管竖直安装作为竖向胎架,并在矩管的顶面上焊接辅助钢板。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的鼓节点的安装方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,通过图纸及模型事先计算竖向胎架的高度,并在现场安装竖向胎架时进行微调以预留定位钢筋的安装高度。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的鼓节点的安装方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,通过激光水准仪测量竖向胎架顶面上鼓节点下表面中心点的投影点高程,并通过鼓节点下表面中心点的高程,计算中心点定位筋的长度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的鼓节点的安装方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,在制作辅助鼓节点时,在辅助鼓节点下表面中心点的位置处焊接卡扣;定位时将辅助鼓节点的卡扣扣立在中心定位筋上。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的鼓节点的安装方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,在竖向胎 架上至少三个不同的位置处焊接定位钢筋,且定位钢筋的顶面与辅助鼓节点的下表面接触。
  7. 一种钢结构网壳的拼装单元的施工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    S1、根据拼装单元的布置图及模型,对各个鼓节点以及各个连接杆件分别进行编号,并计算各个连接杆件的尺寸;
    S2、按照计算的尺寸制作拼装单元的各个连接杆件并做好标记;
    S3、根据拼装单元的布置图进行地面放样;
    S4、采用权利要求1-6任一项所述的安装方法在地样各个节点处安装鼓节点并做好标记;
    S5、分别将各个连接杆件吊装至对应的两个鼓节点之间,并将连接杆件的端部与鼓节点焊接固定;
    S6、将各个鼓节点与其下方的定位钢筋断开,完成拼装单元的施工。
  8. 一种钢结构网壳的施工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    S1、将钢结构网壳分为若干拼装单元,对各个拼装单元进行编号;
    S2、采用权利要求7所述的施工方法将各个拼装单元在地面上拼装好并做好标记;
    S3、将窗底环梁安装好,并完成支撑胎架的搭设;
    S4、先将支撑胎架处两侧的拼装单元吊装就位,且拼装单元的一端与窗底环梁焊接,另一端利用支撑胎架完成合拢连接;然后依次吊装其余拼装单元,并完成拼装单元之间的焊接以及拼装单元与窗底环梁的焊接;
    S5、所有拼装单元拼装到位后,拆除支撑胎架。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的钢结构网壳的施工方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,根据钢结构网壳的结构搭设若干个支撑胎架。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的钢结构网壳的施工方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,根据现场拼装场地的大小、现场塔吊最大吊重以及钢结构网壳的受力分析将钢结构网壳分为若干拼装单元。
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