WO2023201688A1 - 一种耐高温防排烟风管及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温防排烟风管及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023201688A1
WO2023201688A1 PCT/CN2022/088412 CN2022088412W WO2023201688A1 WO 2023201688 A1 WO2023201688 A1 WO 2023201688A1 CN 2022088412 W CN2022088412 W CN 2022088412W WO 2023201688 A1 WO2023201688 A1 WO 2023201688A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
layer
silica
heat
air duct
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PCT/CN2022/088412
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余煜玺
朱力伟
苏文涛
张俊
廖方明
Original Assignee
中科润资(重庆)节能科技有限公司
中科润资科技股份公司
中科润资(重庆)新材料科技有限公司
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Application filed by 中科润资(重庆)节能科技有限公司, 中科润资科技股份公司, 中科润资(重庆)新材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 中科润资(重庆)节能科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/088412 priority Critical patent/WO2023201688A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/119048 priority patent/WO2023040966A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/119046 priority patent/WO2023040965A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/089759 priority patent/WO2023202700A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/089760 priority patent/WO2023202701A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/089757 priority patent/WO2023202698A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/089758 priority patent/WO2023202699A1/zh
Publication of WO2023201688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023201688A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
    • C01B33/141—Preparation of hydrosols or aqueous dispersions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
    • C01B33/152—Preparation of hydrogels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/04—Air-ducts or air channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L57/00—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
    • F16L57/04—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against fire or other external sources of extreme heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of fire protection and smoke exhaust, and in particular to a smoke prevention and exhaust air duct.
  • Smoke prevention and exhaust ducts are used in ventilation ducts in smoke prevention and exhaust systems.
  • the smoke prevention system uses mechanical pressurized air supply or natural ventilation to prevent smoke from entering evacuation channels and discharge smoke to the system outside the building.
  • the function of the smoke prevention and exhaust system mainly has two aspects: first, to set up smoke prevention facilities in evacuation passages and densely populated areas, which is conducive to the safe evacuation of personnel; second, to discharge the toxic high-temperature smoke generated at the fire scene in a timely manner to eliminate the need for fire extinguishing. obstacles.
  • the existing technical solution is to increase the thickness of the refractory material. This will cause the smoke prevention and exhaust ducts to occupy a larger space. At the same time, some existing buildings will also encounter the problem of limited space during fire protection renovation, making it difficult to meet the requirements of the new standards.
  • the refractory materials of traditional smoke prevention and exhaust ducts are mainly rock wool felt, aluminum silicate felt and other materials, which have serious water absorption problems. After the refractory materials absorb water, the internal structure will collapse, making the life of the smoke prevention and exhaust ducts longer. short.
  • the thermal insulation materials used in smoke prevention and exhaust ducts in the prior art will absorb water, causing the insulation structure to collapse and have a short lifespan. At the same time, due to the high thermal conductivity, they occupy a large space. In practice, when the fire scene air duct is locally heated, the structure of the air duct will change and collapse, and the air duct will be defective, resulting in changes in air pressure in the pipe, air leakage, and a decrease in the exhaust performance of the air duct.
  • Airgel has excellent thermal insulation properties, and the inventor found that there is no smoke prevention air duct using airgel material in the prior art.
  • the inventor provided an airgel thermal insulation layer (insulation layer), which can be applied to smoke prevention ventilation ducts, solving the problem that airgel cannot achieve the temperature resistance of smoke prevention ventilation ducts.
  • the thermal insulation layer has the characteristics of good thermal insulation, sound attenuation and sound absorption, moisture resistance, small air leakage, long service life, and reasonable cost performance.
  • silica aerogel has very good thermal insulation properties, its high temperature resistance has certain deficiencies. Traditional silica aerogel begins to melt at over 600°C, and nanopores begin to form above 800°C. Collapse, it has basically lost its thermal insulation effect when the temperature is higher than 1000°C, and cannot meet the requirements of smoke prevention and exhaust duct standards.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution.
  • the inventor has improved the internal structure of the silica aerogel material, making it into a material with better fire resistance but slightly poor thermal insulation performance.
  • the aluminum oxide/aluminum salt material is combined with the silica aerogel to form composite silica airgel particles with an outer shell of aluminum oxide/aluminum salt and a core of silica aerogel, or an outer shell of silica aerogel.
  • Silica airgel and the core is composite silica airgel particles of aluminum oxide/aluminum salt. This can make the silica aerogel remain stable at high temperatures.
  • the composite particles have better thermal insulation properties and can also maintain better physical and chemical properties. Its application in the thermal insulation layer can meet the requirements of smoke prevention and ventilation. Pipe usage requirements.
  • the invention provides an anti-smoke and exhaust air duct, which includes a metal pipe.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe are provided with a heat shielding layer.
  • the heat shielding layer includes at least one of a heat insulation layer, a heat conduction layer, and a heat reflection layer.
  • the thermal insulation layer contains skeleton, fillers, and anti-shrinkage additives. Fillers include aerogels and high temperature resistant additives.
  • the aerogel includes at least one of silica aerogel, aluminum silicate aerogel, alumina aerogel and composite silica aerogel.
  • the skeleton is made of fiber material, and the fiber material can be at least one of aluminum silicate fiber, alumina fiber, glass fiber, and mullite fiber.
  • High temperature resistant additives can be aluminum silicate, quartz powder, silica powder, etc.
  • Airgel contains silica material and aluminum silicate material.
  • the fillers are particles whose outer shell is aluminum silicate and alumina aerogel and whose core is silica aerogel, or whose outer shell is silica aerogel and whose core is aluminum silicate and alumina aerogel.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution.
  • the inventor further modified the silica airgel part in the composite silica/aluminum silicate airgel particles or silica/alumina airgel particles.
  • properties and optimization although the silica aerogel is compounded with the aluminum-containing aerogel, the silica aerogel part itself may also shrink and collapse under high temperatures.
  • the inventor proposed to the silica aerogel Anti-shrink additive additives (microsilica powder) are added to the glue. Through the crystal form and volume changes of the silica powder at high temperatures, the shrinkage and collapse problem of the silica aerogel can be inhibited and reduced, further improving the performance of the composite silica/silicic acid. Temperature resistance of aluminum airgel particles or composite silica/alumina airgel particles.
  • the inventor also proposed the application of enhanced airgel materials in smoke prevention air ducts, such as adding composite silica/aluminum silicate airgel particles or composite silica/alumina airgel particles to the thermal insulation layer. , can achieve a lower heat transfer coefficient while withstanding high temperatures, so that the airgel material can be used in the field of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts to enhance the heat resistance of the smoke and exhaust ducts, making the smoke prevention and exhaust resistant in the event of a fire.
  • the air duct is functioning normally. Applying airgel insulation materials in smoke prevention and exhaust ducts can also reduce the space occupied by insulation materials.
  • the high-temperature resistant smoke exhaust duct includes a metal pipe, and the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe are provided with a heat shielding layer, wherein the heat shielding layer includes a thermal insulation layer; the thermal insulation layer includes Skeleton, filler, anti-shrinkage additive, the anti-shrinkage additive includes silica powder.
  • the thermal insulation layer is attached to the inner wall and/or outer wall of the metal pipe.
  • the structure of the filler includes aluminum oxide particles wrapped with a silica aerogel layer on the outside, aluminum silicate particles including a silica aerogel layer on the outside, and a high temperature resistant smoke exhaust duct. At least one of the silica airgel particles wrapped with an alumina protective layer.
  • the thickness of the aluminum oxide protective layer ranges from 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the silica airgel coating ranges from 0.5 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the silica powder is 1000-3000 mesh.
  • the added amount of silica powder is 1%-15%.
  • the surface of the silica powder is covered with a titanium dioxide film.
  • the titanium dioxide is nitrogen-doped or fluorine-doped titanium dioxide.
  • the heat shielding layer further includes at least one of a heat conductive layer, a heat absorption layer, and a heat reflective layer.
  • the heat shielding layer further includes a high temperature expansion layer located outermost relative to the metal inner wall and/or outer wall.
  • the high-temperature expansion layer includes a high-temperature foaming agent, multifunctional carbon particles, and a stabilizer.
  • the high-temperature foaming agent has a foaming temperature greater than 500°C, and the high-temperature foaming agent is silicon carbide powder or particles.
  • the multifunctional carbon particles can be graphite or graphene; the stabilizer is manganese dioxide.
  • the filler has a thermal conductivity ranging from 0.01 W/m ⁇ K to 0.06 W/m ⁇ K.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer at 600-800°C is 0.015 W/m ⁇ K-0.02 W/m ⁇ K.
  • the thermal insulation layer includes an opacifying agent
  • the opacifying agent includes titanium dioxide powder and graphite powder.
  • the particle size of the filler ranges from 10 ⁇ m to 900 ⁇ m.
  • the thermal conductivity layer has a thermal conductivity ranging from 20 W/m ⁇ K to 50 W/m ⁇ K.
  • the form of the heat conductive layer includes silicone heat dissipation film, graphite heat dissipation film, metal heat conduction plate, and heat pipe heat conduction plate.
  • the material of the metal thermal conductive plate may be a copper plate or an aluminum plate.
  • the thermally conductive layer has thermally conductive structural channels, and the thermally conductive structural channels are double-layer hollow metal thermally conductive plates.
  • the heat absorption capacity of the heat absorption layer is 500 kJ-1000 kJ/kg.
  • the heat absorbing layer is a phase change material
  • the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 800°C or 1000°C or 1200°C.
  • the phase change material is a molten salt, including carbonate, chloride salt, and fluoride salt.
  • the tensile strength of the thermal insulation layer is ⁇ 1.0MPA at 25°C; ⁇ 0.3MPA at 800°C.
  • the thermal insulation layer has a flexural modulus ⁇ 6000 psi at 25°C; ⁇ 4000 psi at 800°C.
  • the method of producing the thermal insulation layer includes:
  • Silica sol preparation Mix silicon source, water, alcohol, and silica powder and stir to obtain silica sol. The stirring time is 60 minutes;
  • S200 Preparation of silica gel: Add alkali to the prepared silica sol, adjust the pH value and let it stand to form silica gel;
  • S400 Drying: Use normal temperature and normal pressure drying or supercritical drying to dry the silica gel after solvent replacement.
  • the heat shield is bonded to the inner and/or outer wall of the metal pipe via a fire-resistant sealant.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe are coated with an antimicrobial coating.
  • the thickness of the high-temperature expansion layer is 1-5 mm, and the thickness after expansion is 20-100 mm.
  • the high-temperature resistant smoke exhaust duct includes a front air duct and a rear air duct; one end of the front air duct is detachably connected to the rear air duct; both ends of the front air duct and the rear air duct are respectively An angle steel flange is provided; the inner wall and/or outer wall of the front air duct is provided with a heat shielding layer, and the inner wall and/or outer wall of the rear air duct is provided with a heat shielding layer; the heat shielding layer includes a thermal insulation layer, a thermal conductive layer, At least one heat reflective layer; the thermal insulation layer is attached to the inner wall and/or outer wall of the front air duct and the rear air duct.
  • a sunscreen agent is added to the thermal insulation layer.
  • the sunscreen agent includes silicon powder coated with titanium dioxide on the surface.
  • titanium dioxide can reduce radiation heat transfer at high temperatures and enhance the performance of the silica aerogel.
  • High temperature thermal insulation properties due to the easy agglomeration of titanium dioxide itself, the high-temperature heat insulation effect of directly adding titanium dioxide into airgel is not good. Therefore, coating titanium dioxide on the surface of silica powder and then adding it to the aerogel can not only take advantage of the silica powder's ability to regulate and inhibit the shrinkage of silica aerogels at high temperatures, but also solve the problem of titanium dioxide agglomeration, thereby further improving the performance of the silica powder. High temperature thermal insulation properties of silica aerogels.
  • the heat shielding layer also includes a thermal conductive layer, which can quickly disperse local high temperatures and reduce damage to the smoke exhaust duct structure caused by local high temperatures.
  • the heat shielding layer further includes a heat absorption layer.
  • the heat absorption layer is made of a heat storage material. The heat storage material can absorb heat and keep the temperature constant. Both the thermal conductive layer and the heat absorbing layer can further ensure the overall stability of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct. It can also reduce the insulation requirements for the insulation layer of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts, thereby reducing costs.
  • the heat shielding layer also includes a high-temperature expansion layer.
  • the high-temperature expansion layer rapidly expands after reaching a set high temperature, and its thermal insulation performance is rapidly enhanced after expansion, thereby enhancing the performance of the entire heat shielding layer under high temperature conditions. Excellent thermal insulation performance, reducing the volume of heat shielding layer under normal conditions and reducing costs.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of smoke prevention and exhaust duct
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the thermal shielding layer
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a filler wrapped with high temperature resistant additives
  • FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of the thermal insulation layer being wrapped by a high temperature resistant protective layer
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of dendritic ceramic fiber aerogel
  • FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of titanium dioxide coating on the surface of silicon powder
  • Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the morphology of the high-temperature expansion layer at different temperatures
  • Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust duct structure
  • Figure 12 The temperature-thermal conductivity/shrinkage characteristic diagram of the insulation layer of the insulation layer gel particles with added silica powder
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing the temperature-thermal conductivity/shrinkage characteristics of the insulation layer of gel particles coated with titanium dioxide silicon powder;
  • Heat shielding layer 200 The heat shielding layer 200 is provided on the inside or outside of the metal wall of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct, and is used to shield the heat inside or outside the smoke prevention and exhaust duct.
  • Thermal insulation layer 210 The airgel thermal insulation layer (insulation layer 210) is a part of the heat shielding layer 200 and protects the metal structure of the smoke prevention air duct through its own low thermal conductivity.
  • Thermal conductive layer 220 The thermal conductive layer 220 is a part of the heat shielding layer 200. Through its high thermal conductivity, it can quickly disperse concentrated heat and reduce the risk of metal structure damage caused by local high temperatures.
  • Heat reflective layer 230 is a part of the heat shielding layer 200. It uses its own reflection function to reflect heat radiation under high temperature conditions and reduce the internal temperature.
  • High temperature resistant additive 213 is a formula of the thermal insulation layer 210 and is used to improve the physical and chemical properties of the thermal insulation layer 210 under high temperature conditions.
  • a smoke-exhaust prevention air duct includes a metal pipe 100.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100 are provided with a heat shielding layer 200, as shown in Figure 2 , the heat shielding layer 200 includes at least one of a heat insulation layer 210, a heat conduction layer 220, and a heat reflection layer 230.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 includes a skeleton and fillers 214 .
  • the filler 214 includes aerogel and a high-temperature resistant additive 213.
  • the filler 214 is silica airgel particles coated by the high-temperature resistant additive 213.
  • the high-temperature resistant additive 213 can be heat-resistant materials such as alumina, aluminum silicate, etc.
  • the skeleton is made of fiber material, and the fiber material can be at least one of alumina fiber and glass fiber.
  • the high temperature resistant additive 213 may be aluminum silicate or silica micropowder 211. Airgel contains silica material, aluminum silicate.
  • the fire protection grade of the thermal insulation layer 210 is non-combustible Class A.
  • the density of the insulation layer 210 is 50-500kg/m3, and the preferred density is 60kg/m3, 70kg/m3, 80kg/m3, 90kg/m3, 100kg/m3, 150kg/m3, 200kg/m3, 250kg/m3, 300kg/ m3, 350kg/m3, 400kg/m3, 450kg/m3, 500kg/m3.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 210, W/(m ⁇ K) range is: ⁇ 0.025 (25°C), the preferred range is ⁇ 0.020 (25°C); ⁇ 0.080 (600°C); the preferred range is ⁇ 0.060 (600 °C).
  • the thickness range of the thermal insulation layer 210 is ⁇ 20mm; the preferred thickness range is ⁇ 30mm.
  • the metal pipe 100 has antibacterial ability, and the antibacterial ability is achieved through the antibacterial coating. As shown in Figure 8, the antibacterial rate is ⁇ 95%, and the preferred antibacterial rates are ⁇ 96%, 97%, 98%, and 99%.
  • the pipe wall thickness of the metal pipe 100 ranges from 0.2 to 1.5 mm, and the preferred thicknesses are 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.6 mm.
  • the compressive strength of the material of the metal pipe 100 (thickness 0.5mm) is ⁇ 0.8Mpa, and the preferred compressive strength is ⁇ 0.9Mpa, 1.0Mpa, and 1.1Mpa.
  • the unit weight range of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts is ⁇ 40kg/m2.
  • the fire resistance limit time of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts is ⁇ 1h.
  • the pressure resistance performance of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts (wind speed, ⁇ 20m/s) ⁇ 1500Pa.
  • the specific friction resistance of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct (wind speed, ⁇ 20m/s) ⁇ 24Pa/m.
  • the air leakage volume of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct (1500Pa) ⁇ 4.08 ⁇ m 3 / (h.m2) ⁇ .
  • the pressure-resistant deformation amount of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct (1500Pa) ⁇ 1.0%.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the present invention is that the internal silica microstructure of the thermal insulation layer 210 material of the heat shielding layer 200 will collapse under high temperature conditions.
  • Alumina which has stronger fire resistance and high temperature resistance, is used.
  • Aluminum silicate and other aluminum-containing materials are used to wrap the surface of silica airgel particles through technological means. The process flow is shown in Figure 9.
  • high-temperature resistant additive 213 to coat the silica airgel particles can prevent the internal structure of the silica airgel particles from melting above 600°C, so that the thermal insulation layer 210 can still be insulated at high temperatures. Temperature effect to meet the use requirements of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts.
  • the thermal conductivity range of airgel particles coated with high temperature resistant additive 213 at 800°C is 0.01W/m ⁇ K-0.3W/m ⁇ K.
  • the silica aerogel coated with high temperature resistant additive 213 The initial melting temperature is 1000°C.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 210 is 0.01W/m ⁇ K-0.5W/m ⁇ K.
  • the particle size range of the silica airgel coated with the high temperature resistant additive 213 is 10 ⁇ m-900 ⁇ m, and the preferred particle size range is 10 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m-100 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m-200 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m-500 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m- 600 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m-800 ⁇ m, 800 ⁇ m-900 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness range of the high temperature resistant additive 213 coating layer is 5 ⁇ m-500 ⁇ m, and the preferred thickness range is 5 ⁇ m-15 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m-40 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m-80 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m-150 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, and 300 ⁇ m-500 ⁇ m.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210, the thermal conductive layer 220, and the heat reflective layer 230 are fixed to each other by bonding and hot pressing.
  • the outside of the heat shielding layer 200 can also be wrapped with fiberglass cloth or aluminum foil layers to prevent the filler 214 from breaking and falling off.
  • a smoke-exhaust prevention air duct includes a metal pipe 100.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100 are provided with a heat shielding layer 200, as shown in Figure 2 , the heat shielding layer 200 includes at least one of a heat insulation layer 210, a heat conduction layer 220, and a heat reflection layer 230.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 includes a skeleton and fillers 214 .
  • the filler 214 includes aerogel and high temperature resistant additive 213, specifically aluminum salt or aluminum oxide particles wrapped with silica aerogel. Silica aerogel is filled in the skeleton in the form of silica aerogel particles.
  • the skeleton is made of fiber material, and the fiber material can be at least one of alumina fiber and glass fiber.
  • the high temperature resistant additive 213 may be aluminum silicate or silica micropowder 211. Airgel contains silica material, aluminum silicate.
  • the fire protection grade of the thermal insulation layer 210 is non-combustible Class A.
  • the density of the insulation layer 210 is 50-500kg/m 3 , and the preferred density is 60kg/m 3 , 70kg/m 3 , 80kg/m 3 , 90kg/m 3 , 100kg/m 3 , 150kg/m 3 , 200kg/m 3. 250kg/m 3 , 300kg/m 3 , 350kg/m 3 , 400kg/m 3 , 450kg/m 3 , 500kg/m 3 .
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 210, W/(m ⁇ K) range is: ⁇ 0.025 (25°C), the preferred range is ⁇ 0.020 (25°C); ⁇ 0.080 (600°C); the preferred range is ⁇ 0.060 (600 °C).
  • the thickness range of the thermal insulation layer 210 is ⁇ 20mm; the preferred thickness range is ⁇ 30mm.
  • the metal pipe 100 has antibacterial ability, and the antibacterial ability is achieved through the antibacterial coating.
  • the antibacterial rate is ⁇ 95%, and the preferred antibacterial rates are ⁇ 96%, 97%, 98%, and 99%.
  • the pipe wall thickness of the metal pipe 100 ranges from 0.2 to 1.5 mm, and the preferred thicknesses are 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.6 mm.
  • the compressive strength of the material of the metal pipe 100 (thickness 0.5mm) is ⁇ 0.8Mpa, and the preferred compressive strength is ⁇ 0.9Mpa, 1.0Mpa, and 1.1Mpa.
  • the unit weight range of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts is ⁇ 40kg/m 2 .
  • the fire resistance limit time of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts is ⁇ 1h.
  • the pressure resistance performance of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts (wind speed, ⁇ 20m/s) ⁇ 1500Pa.
  • the specific friction resistance of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct (wind speed, ⁇ 20m/s) ⁇ 24Pa/m.
  • the air leakage volume of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct (1500Pa) ⁇ 4.08 ⁇ m 3 / (h.m2) ⁇ .
  • the pressure-resistant deformation amount of the smoke prevention and exhaust duct (1500Pa) ⁇ 1.0%.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the present invention is that the internal silica microstructure of the thermal insulation layer 210 material of the heat shielding layer 200 will collapse under high temperature conditions.
  • the silica airgel material is wrapped by technological means. to particles of aluminum-containing materials such as alumina and aluminum silicate that are more fire-resistant and high-temperature resistant.
  • Modification of the silica aerogel can prevent the silica aerogel particle structure from melting above 600°C, so that the thermal insulation layer 210 can still have a thermal insulation effect at high temperatures, meeting the requirements for use in smoke prevention and exhaust ducts. Require.
  • the thermal conductivity range of airgel particles coated with high temperature resistant additive 213 at 800°C is 0.01W/m ⁇ K-0.3W/m ⁇ K.
  • the silica aerogel coated with high temperature resistant additive 213 The initial melting temperature is 1000°C.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 210 is 0.01W/m ⁇ K-0.5W/m ⁇ K.
  • the particle size range of the silica aerogel coated with the high temperature resistant additive 213 is 10 ⁇ m-900 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the coating layer of high temperature resistant additive 213 ranges from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210, the thermal conductive layer 220, and the heat reflective layer 230 are fixed to each other by bonding and hot pressing.
  • the outside of the heat shielding layer 200 can also be wrapped with fiberglass cloth or aluminum foil layers to prevent the filler 214 from breaking and falling off.
  • the volume of airgel will shrink at high temperatures (above 800 degrees), resulting in structural changes and reduced thermal insulation performance.
  • a smoke-exhaust prevention air duct includes a metal pipe 100.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100 are provided with a heat shielding layer 200.
  • the heat shielding layer 200 includes At least one of the thermal insulation layer 210, the thermal conductive layer 220, and the thermal reflective layer 230.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 includes a skeleton, fillers 214 and opacifier.
  • Filler 214 is filled in the skeleton.
  • Filler 214 includes aerogel and high temperature resistant additives 213 .
  • the aerogel includes at least one of silica aerogel and aluminum silicate aerogel.
  • the filler 214 may also be silica airgel particles coated with a high temperature resistant additive 213.
  • the high temperature resistant additive 213 may be a heat resistant material such as alumina, aluminum silicate.
  • the filler 214 may also be aluminum salt or aluminum oxide particles encapsulated using silica aerogel.
  • Silica aerogel is filled in the skeleton in the form of silica aerogel particles.
  • the skeleton is made of fiber material, and the fiber material can be at least one of alumina fiber, glass fiber, mullite fiber, and aluminum silicate fiber.
  • the high temperature resistant additive 213 is silica powder 211.
  • the silica powder 211 can be crystalline silica powder particles or amorphous (amorphous) silica powder particles.
  • Silicon powder 211 is used to adjust and suppress the shrinkage of the insulation layer 210 at high temperatures.
  • amorphous silicon powder 211 can also improve The temperature tolerance of the insulation layer 210.
  • Amorphous silicon powder 211 is a silica material, and there will be a volume change caused by the transformation of the crystal form under temperature changes. The volume expansion of the amorphous silicon powder 211 will suppress and reduce the internal stress when the thermal insulation layer 210 experiences high temperature, thereby reducing the structural changes inside the thermal insulation layer 210 and stabilizing its thermal insulation performance under high temperature conditions.
  • Silica powder 211 will react and transform in the direction of mullite at high temperatures and containing aluminum elements.
  • Mullite is an excellent refractory material, so the addition of silica powder 211 further improves the performance of the silica aerogel. Felt's high temperature resistance.
  • Silica aerogel is filled in the skeleton in the form of silica aerogel particles. After the silica airgel particles are processed, the outer surface of the silica airgel particles is coated with a high-temperature resistant additive 213.
  • the high-temperature resistant additive 213 can be heat-resistant materials such as alumina and aluminum silicate.
  • the particle size of amorphous silicon powder 211 is 800-8000 mesh, 1000-2000 mesh, 2000-3000 mesh, 3000-4000 mesh, 4000-5000 mesh, 5000-6000 mesh, 6000-7000 mesh, 7000-8000 mesh, 1000-1500 mesh, 1500 mesh-3000 mesh, or 10-800nm, 10-100nm, 50-200nm, 100-400nm, 300-800nm.
  • Preferred particle sizes are 800-1000 mesh, 1000-1200 mesh, and 1000-3000 mesh.
  • the addition amount of silica powder 211 is 3-25%, 1-10%, 3-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 10-25%, and the preferred addition amount is 2-10%, 3-8% , 3-6%.
  • amorphous silicon powder 211 are 1-20%, 1-15%, 2-10%, and 3-8%.
  • the preferred particle size can better promote the bonding of silicon, aluminum and oxygen bonds, making the structure more stable.
  • the optimal addition amount can better improve the material's ability to resist shrinkage at high temperatures while maintaining high thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength.
  • the preparation method of the thermal insulation layer 210 adding amorphous silicon powder 211 is as follows:
  • Sol preparation Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, and also add a hydrolysis catalyst to accelerate hydrolysis to obtain a silicon-containing sol.
  • Silicon sources include sodium silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate, etc.
  • hydrolysis catalysts include hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
  • Sunscreen agents can also be added to the sol to enhance the temperature insulation performance at high temperatures and inhibit infrared radiation. Sunscreen agents include titanium dioxide, carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate, ZrO2, etc.
  • High temperature resistance/anti-shrinkage enhancement Add silica micropowder 211 to the prepared sol.
  • Gel preparation Add a gel catalyst to transform the silica-containing sol into a gel.
  • the gel catalyst can be ammonia, dimethylformamide, etc. After adding the gel catalyst, let it stand for 24-72h to obtain the gel. You can also add the gel catalyst, pour it into the fiber preform and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain the gel. You can also add reinforcing fiber and fiber dispersant after adding gel catalyst, and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain gel; reinforcing fiber can be brucite fiber, ceramic fiber 300, glass fiber, quartz fiber; fiber The dispersant can be sodium lauryl sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc.
  • Solvent replacement When the silicon source contains metal ions, first remove the metal ions by washing with water, and then use an organic solvent for solvent replacement. If the silicon source does not contain metal ions, use organic solvents for solvent replacement.
  • the organic solvent can be one or a mixture of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and n-hexane.
  • Modification Use a modifier to modify the gel after solvent replacement.
  • the modifier can be TMCS/n-hexane system, trimethylchlorosilane/n-hexane system (volume ratio 1:9), etc.
  • the modified aerogel has hydrophobic properties.
  • the modification temperature is 20-50°C.
  • Drying methods can be drying at normal temperature and pressure, supercritical drying, etc.
  • the conditions for drying at normal temperature and pressure are to dry at 60, 80 and 120°C for 2 hours respectively, and finally obtain white silica aerogel powder.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the temperature is raised to over 200°C and the pressure exceeds 8Mpa, and then the pressure is slowly released to obtain an airgel block.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the fluid inside the reactor is released at a slow rate at a constant temperature until the internal and external pressures are balanced. Then when the temperature drops to room temperature, the finished product is obtained.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the present invention is that under high temperature conditions, the internal silica microstructure of the thermal insulation layer 210 material will shrink and collapse.
  • the method adopted is to add silicon powder 211 material to the material to suppress and offset the expansion of the gas. Problems with gel materials shrinking and collapsing at high temperatures.
  • Titanium dioxide is a commonly used sunscreen agent, but titanium dioxide is prone to agglomeration during the addition process, making it impossible to disperse the titanium dioxide evenly. Especially during the sol-gel process, agglomeration occurs, which affects the final sunscreen effect.
  • a smoke-exhaust prevention air duct includes a metal pipe 100.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100 are provided with a heat shielding layer 200.
  • the heat shielding layer 200 includes At least one of the thermal insulation layer 210, the thermal conductive layer 220, and the thermal reflective layer 230.
  • the sunscreen agent is titanium dioxide. Since titanium dioxide is easy to agglomerate during the addition process, a dispersant is also added to inhibit the agglomeration phenomenon and the agglomeration phenomenon of titanium dioxide during the addition process. .
  • Titanium dioxide can also be coated on the surface of the silicon powder 211 so that it can be stably combined with the surface of the silicon powder 211 to suppress the agglomeration of titanium dioxide, as shown in Figure 6 . Titanium dioxide can use fluorine-doped or nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles to enhance the shading effect of infrared band radiation.
  • the crystalline form of titanium dioxide may be anatase.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 includes a skeleton, fillers 214, and opacifier.
  • Filler 214 is filled in the skeleton.
  • Filler 214 includes aerogel and high temperature resistant additives 213 .
  • the aerogel includes at least one of silica aerogel and aluminum silicate aerogel.
  • the filler 214 may also be silica airgel particles coated with a high temperature resistant additive 213.
  • the high temperature resistant additive 213 may be a heat resistant material such as alumina, aluminum silicate.
  • the filler 214 may also be aluminum salt or aluminum oxide particles encapsulated using silica aerogel.
  • Silica aerogel is filled in the skeleton in the form of silica aerogel particles.
  • the skeleton is made of fiber material, and the fiber material can be at least one of alumina fiber, glass fiber, mullite fiber, and aluminum silicate fiber.
  • the principle of anti-reflection coating can also be applied to enhance the absorption of infrared band radiation by setting the thickness of the coating.
  • the absorption of infrared band radiation can also be further enhanced by setting a multi-layer anti-reflection coating.
  • Sol preparation Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, and also add a hydrolysis catalyst to accelerate hydrolysis to obtain a silicon-containing sol.
  • Silicon sources include sodium silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate, etc.
  • hydrolysis catalysts include hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
  • Sunscreen agents can also be added to the sol to enhance the temperature insulation performance at high temperatures. Sunscreen agents include titanium dioxide, carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate, ZrO2, etc.
  • Sunscreen agent enhancement Add titanium dioxide and dispersant to the prepared sol, or add silicon micropowder 211 coated with titanium dioxide film to the prepared sol.
  • the dispersant can be: sodium silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, polycarboxylate, polyammonium methacrylate, polyethylene glycol.
  • Gel preparation Add a gel catalyst to transform the silica-containing sol into a gel.
  • the gel catalyst can be ammonia, dimethylformamide, etc. After adding the gel catalyst, let it stand for 24-72h to obtain the gel. You can also add the gel catalyst, pour it into the fiber preform and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain the gel. You can also add reinforcing fiber and fiber dispersant after adding gel catalyst, and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain gel; reinforcing fiber can be brucite fiber, ceramic fiber 300, glass fiber, quartz fiber; fiber The dispersant can be sodium lauryl sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc.
  • Solvent replacement When the silicon source contains metal ions, first remove the metal ions by washing with water, and then use an organic solvent for solvent replacement. If the silicon source does not contain metal ions, use organic solvents for solvent replacement.
  • the organic solvent can be one or a mixture of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane.
  • Modification Use a modifier to modify the gel after solvent replacement.
  • the modifier can be TMCS/n-hexane system, trimethylchlorosilane/n-hexane system (volume ratio 1:9), etc.
  • the modified aerogel has hydrophobic properties.
  • the modification temperature is 20-50°C.
  • Drying methods can be drying at normal temperature and pressure, supercritical drying, etc.
  • the conditions for drying at normal temperature and pressure are to dry at 60, 80 and 120°C for 2 hours respectively, and finally obtain white silica aerogel powder.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the solvent is ethanol, the temperature is raised to over 240°C and the pressure exceeds 8Mpa, and then the pressure is slowly released to obtain an airgel block.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the fluid inside the reactor is released at a slow rate at a constant temperature until the internal and external pressures are balanced. Then when the temperature drops to room temperature, the finished product is obtained.
  • the silicon micropowder 211 titanium dioxide coating method is as follows.
  • the formula includes titanium source, deionized water, acid, hydrolysis inhibitor, and solvent; the titanium source can be at least one of titanate esters such as tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, and tetrapropyl titanate. A sort of.
  • the formula includes silicon source, acidic catalyst, solvent, and pH adjuster; the silicon source can be methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, At least one of siloxanes such as dimethyldiethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysilane, or titanium dioxide powder. Silicon-containing precursors may also include polypropylene glycol and ethylene oxide.
  • Preparation of titanium dioxide sol liquid Mix titanium dioxide precursor and silicon-containing precursor to prepare titanium dioxide sol. Or directly use titanium dioxide precursor as titanium dioxide sol.
  • Microsilica powder 211 coating Dip silica powder 211 into titanium dioxide sol for 5-15 minutes, then take it out and dry it at 400-600°C.
  • the silicon source in it can better bond the titanium source/titanium dioxide to the surface of the silicon powder 211.
  • a filler 214 is provided.
  • the filler 214 includes silica aerogel.
  • the preparation method of the silica aerogel is as follows.
  • alumina sol 50g of hydrated alumina powder (pure boehmite powder produced by Condea, Germany), 300ml of water, add 60ml of 1.6mol/l nitric acid, hydrolysis temperature is 85°C, 2h, to obtain a stable alumina sol.
  • Preparation of alumina gel Add 5 ml of ethyl acetoacetate to 150 ml of alumina sol to obtain alumina gel, and obtain alumina gel particles through mechanical crushing.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, and 1ml of hydrochloric acid, add them to a container and stir to obtain silica sol.
  • Silica gel wrapping Add 100g alumina gel particles to 300ml silica sol, then add 1ml ammonia, pour it into the aluminum silicate fiber preform and let it stand for 36 hours to obtain the gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • Table 1 Parameter table of particle insulation layer B and conventional silica insulation layer A of silica airgel wrapped alumina
  • Insulation layer B Insulation layer A Temperature(°C) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 300 0.042 0.038 400 0.054 0.0490 500 0.058 0.061 600 0.062 >0.1 700 0.063 >0.1 800 0.065 >0.1 900 0.066 >0.1
  • a filler 214 is provided.
  • the filler 214 includes silica aerogel.
  • the preparation method of the silica aerogel is as follows.
  • Sol preparation Mix silicon source, water, and alcohol, take 440 ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72 ml of water, 720 ml of ethanol, and 1 ml of hydrochloric acid, add them to a container and stir to obtain a silica sol.
  • alumina sol 30g aluminum isopropoxide, 270ml water, add 0.1ml ethyl acetoacetate, hydrolyze aluminum isopropoxide, the hydrolysis temperature is 75°C, the hydrolysis time is 3h, and a stable alumina sol is obtained.
  • Alumina wrapping Disperse and mix 50g of crushed silica gel into 200ml of the prepared alumina sol, add 15g of polyethylene glycol to gel the alumina sol, and cast it into the aluminum silicate fiber preform. After medium, let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • Insulation layer C Insulation layer A Temperature(°C) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 300 0.043 0.038 400 0.054 0.0490 500 0.058 0.061 600 0.064 >0.1 700 0.065 >0.1 800 0.068 >0.1 900 0.072 >0.1 1000 0.077 >0.1 1100 0.085 >0.1
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid, 20g of silica powder, 211 silica powder with a particle size of 1000 mesh, add it to a container and stir.
  • An ultrasonic dispersion step can also be added to better disperse the silica powder 211 to obtain silica sol.
  • the stirring or ultrasonic dispersing time is 30min-120min, the preferred stirring time is 60mi, and the preferred ultrasonic dispersing time is 30min.
  • Gel preparation Take 500ml silica sol, add 1ml ammonia water, and let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid and 20g of silica powder, add them to a container and stir to obtain silica sol.
  • alumina sol 30g aluminum isopropoxide, 270ml water, add 0.1ml ethyl acetoacetate, hydrolyze aluminum isopropoxide, the hydrolysis temperature is 75°C, the hydrolysis time is 3h, and a stable alumina sol is obtained.
  • Alumina wrapping Disperse and mix 50g of crushed silica gel into 200ml of the prepared alumina sol, add 15g of polyethylene glycol to gel the alumina sol, and cast it into the aluminum silicate fiber preform. After medium, let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • Insulation layer E Insulation layer A Temperature(°C) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 300 0.043 0.038 400 0.054 0.0490 500 0.058 0.061 600 0.064 >0.1 700 0.065 >0.1 800 0.068 >0.1 900 0.072 >0.1 1000 0.077 >0.1 1100 0.085 >0.1
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • alumina sol 50g of hydrated alumina powder (pure boehmite powder produced by Condea, Germany), 300ml of water, add 60ml of 1.6mol/l nitric acid, hydrolysis temperature is 85°C, 2h, to obtain a stable alumina sol.
  • Preparation of alumina gel Add 5 ml of ethyl acetoacetate to 150 ml of alumina sol to obtain alumina gel, and obtain alumina gel particles through mechanical crushing.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid and 20g of silica powder 211, add them to a container and stir to obtain silica sol.
  • Silica gel wrapping Add 100g alumina gel particles to 300ml silica sol, then add 1ml ammonia, pour it into the aluminum silicate fiber preform and let it stand for 36 hours to obtain the gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • Insulation layer F Insulation layer A Temperature(°C) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 300 0.042 0.038 400 0.054 0.0490 500 0.058 0.061 600 0.062 >0.1 700 0.063 >0.1 800 0.065 >0.1 900 0.066 >0.1
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid and 20g of silica powder, add them to a container and stir to obtain silica sol.
  • Gel preparation Take 500ml silica sol, add 1ml ammonia water, and let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • Hot pressing molding Place the obtained airgel particles and fiber preforms in the mold and hot press forming at a hot pressing temperature of 300-400°C and a hot pressing time of 30 seconds.
  • This method has high production efficiency and can use prefabricated airgel particles and prefabricated fiber preforms.
  • the scale of sol-gel, solvent replacement, drying and hot pressing molding processes can be configured according to needs, solving the problem of gel
  • the sequential production of preparation, solvent replacement, and drying eliminates the problem of long waiting times and improves production efficiency.
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid and 20g of silica powder, add them to a container and stir to obtain silica sol.
  • Gel preparation Take 500ml silica sol, add 1ml ammonia water, and let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • the water absorption problem on the surface of the airgel can be improved through modification, so that the airgel has a hydrophobic function and will not absorb water during use, causing the molecules in the internal airgel channels to collapse due to the surface tension of water, resulting in thermal insulation properties. Decline.
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid, and 20g of silicon powder with titanium dioxide coating on the surface, add it to a container and stir to obtain silica sol .
  • Gel preparation Take 500ml silica sol, add 1ml ammonia water, and let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • Insulation layer G Insulation layer A Temperature(°C) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 300 0.041 0.038 400 0.051 0.049 500 0.054 0.061 600 0.055 >0.1
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to add titanium dioxide sunscreen in order to suppress the enhancement of thermal radiation at high temperatures.
  • the titanium dioxide sunscreen will cause agglomeration.
  • Silicon powder 211 with titanium dioxide coating on the surface is used. While solving the problem of titanium dioxide agglomeration, it can also suppress the problem of high-temperature shrinkage of airgel materials.
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid, and 20g of silicon powder with titanium dioxide coating on the surface, add it to a container and stir to obtain silica sol .
  • alumina sol 30g aluminum isopropoxide, 270ml water, add 0.1ml ethyl acetoacetate, hydrolyze aluminum isopropoxide, the hydrolysis temperature is 75°C, the hydrolysis time is 3h, and a stable alumina sol is obtained.
  • Alumina wrapping Disperse and mix 50g of crushed silica gel into 200ml of the prepared alumina sol, add 15g of polyethylene glycol to gel the alumina sol, and cast it into the aluminum silicate fiber preform. After medium, let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • Insulation layer H Insulation layer A Temperature(°C) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 300 0.043 0.038 400 0.053 0.0490 500 0.057 0.061 600 0.060 >0.1 700 0.065 >0.1 800 0.067 >0.1 900 0.070 >0.1 1000 0.074 >0.1 1100 0.082 >0.1
  • a filler 214 is provided, and its preparation method is as follows.
  • silica sol Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, take 440ml of ethyl orthosilicate, 72ml of water, 720ml of ethanol, 1ml of hydrochloric acid, and 20g of silicon powder with titanium dioxide coating on the surface, add it to a container and stir to obtain silica sol .
  • Gel preparation Take 500ml silica sol, add 1ml ammonia water, and let it stand for 36 hours to obtain a gel.
  • Solvent replacement Use ethanol solvent for solvent replacement.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to add titanium dioxide sunscreen in order to suppress the enhancement of thermal radiation at high temperatures, but the titanium dioxide sunscreen will cause agglomeration.
  • the method adopted is to add silicon micropowder 211 with a titanium dioxide coating on the surface. While solving the problem of titanium dioxide agglomeration, it can also suppress the problem of high-temperature shrinkage of airgel materials.
  • a smoke-exhaust prevention air duct includes a metal pipe 100.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100 are provided with a heat shielding layer 200.
  • the heat shielding layer 200 includes At least one of the thermal insulation layer 210, the thermal conductive layer 220, and the thermal reflective layer 230.
  • the thermal conductive layer 220 may be a metal thermal conductive plate, such as copper, aluminum and other metal materials with high thermal conductivity; it may also be a thermal conductive metal structure, such as a hollow thermal conductive interlayer; or it may be the thermal conductive layer 220 of a device equipped with a heat pipe.
  • a metal thermal conductive plate such as copper, aluminum and other metal materials with high thermal conductivity
  • it may also be a thermal conductive metal structure, such as a hollow thermal conductive interlayer; or it may be the thermal conductive layer 220 of a device equipped with a heat pipe.
  • the thermal conductive layer 220, the thermal reflective layer 230, and the thermal insulation layer 210 are sequentially stacked to form the thermal shielding layer 200. Another arrangement is that the heat reflective layer 230, the heat conductive layer 220, and the heat insulating layer 210 are sequentially stacked to form the heat shielding layer 200.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 is attached to the inner wall and/or outer wall of the metal pipe 100 .
  • the form of the thermal conductive layer 220 includes silicone heat dissipation film, graphite heat dissipation film, metal heat conduction plate, and heat pipe type heat conduction plate.
  • the material of the metal thermal conductive plate can be copper plate or aluminum plate.
  • the form of the thermal conductive layer 220 can also be a channel with a thermal conductive structure, such as a double-layer hollow metal thermal conductive plate.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive layer 220 ranges from 20 W/m ⁇ K to 50 W/m ⁇ K at 800°C.
  • thermal conductive layer 220 in the anti-smoke and exhaust air duct can enhance the heat conduction and heat dissipation performance of the anti-smoke and exhaust air duct, prevent local high temperatures, and prevent the internal silica airgel particles from melting at high temperatures such as above 600°C, causing the thermal insulation layer 210 It can still maintain structural stability under high temperature conditions and meet the requirements for smoke prevention and exhaust ducts.
  • the inventor also believes that the local high temperature can be reduced by arranging a heat absorption layer inside the smoke prevention and exhaust air duct, so that the smoke prevention and exhaust air duct can withstand higher temperatures.
  • a smoke-exhaust prevention air duct includes a metal pipe 100.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100 are provided with a heat shielding layer 200.
  • the heat shielding layer 200 includes The thermal insulation layer 210 and the thermal shielding layer 200 may also include at least one of a thermal conductive layer 220, a thermal reflective layer 230, and a heat absorbing layer.
  • a preferred way is to stack the heat conductive layer 220, the heat reflective layer 230, the heat absorbing layer, and the heat insulating layer 210 in sequence to form the heat shielding layer 200.
  • the heat conductive layer 220, the heat reflective layer 230, the heat absorbing layer, and the heat insulating layer 210 are sequentially stacked to form the heat shielding layer 200.
  • Another arrangement method is that the heat reflective layer 230, the heat absorbing layer, and the heat insulating layer 210 are sequentially stacked to form the heat shielding layer 200.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 is attached to the inner wall and/or outer wall of the metal pipe 100 .
  • the heat absorption layer is composed of heat storage materials.
  • the heat storage materials can be phase change materials, heated volatilization materials, etc., or preset cooling materials such as preset water tanks, preset carbon dioxide tanks, etc., which can be released when encountering high temperatures.
  • the loaded water, carbon dioxide and other cooling carriers absorb heat.
  • the phase change material can absorb heat and keep the temperature constant, so that when there is a local high temperature, it absorbs heat and produces a phase change without increasing the temperature, thereby protecting the airgel structure of the thermal insulation layer 210 from collapse, so that the thermal insulation layer 210 maintains insulation. Thermal effect, so that the entire heat shielding layer 200 can still maintain the thermal insulation effect at high temperatures.
  • Phase change materials are molten salts, and molten salts include carbonate, chloride salt, and fluoride salt.
  • Setting up a heat-absorbing layer in the smoke prevention and exhaust air duct can reduce the temperature of the smoke and exhaust air duct, prevent local high temperatures, and prevent the internal silica airgel particles from melting at high temperatures such as above 600°C, making the airgel thermally insulating Require.
  • the heat insulation layer 210, the heat conduction layer 220, the heat reflection layer 230, and the heat absorption layer are fixed to each other by adhesion and hot pressing.
  • the outside of the heat shielding layer 200 can also be wrapped with fiberglass cloth or aluminum foil layers to prevent the filler 214 from breaking and falling off.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 includes dendrite 310 reinforced mullite fiber silica airgel felt. Since aluminum silicate can be used in an environment of 1200°C for a long time, mullite dendrites 310 are grown in situ on the surface of aluminum silicate/mullite fiber fibers through dipping and freeze-drying methods, as shown in Figure 5. Using mullite fiber as the skeleton, combined with vacuum impregnation method and sol-gel process, mullite dendrite 310 reinforced silica airgel insulation material with high temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity was prepared on the basis of mullite fiber. .
  • Silicon-aluminum dendrite (dendrite 310) structure ceramic fiber 300 is used as a skeleton, and ceramic dendrites 310 are grafted on the surface of the skeleton; airgel is wrapped on the surface of ceramic and ceramic dendrites 310 to form dendritic ceramic fiber 320 aerogel.
  • the aerogel can be silica aerogel or alumina aerogel. The preparation method is as follows.
  • Sol preparation Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, and also add a hydrolysis catalyst to accelerate hydrolysis to obtain a silicon-containing sol.
  • Silicon sources include sodium silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate, etc.
  • hydrolysis catalysts include hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
  • Sunscreen agents can also be added to the sol to enhance the temperature insulation performance at high temperatures. Sunscreen agents include titanium dioxide, carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate, ZrO2, etc.
  • Gel preparation Add a gel catalyst to transform the silica-containing sol into a gel.
  • the gel catalyst can be ammonia, dimethylformamide, etc. After adding the gel catalyst, let it stand for 24-72h to obtain the gel. You can also add the gel catalyst, pour it into the fiber preform and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain the gel. You can also add reinforcing fiber and fiber dispersant after adding gel catalyst, and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain gel; the reinforcing fiber is dendrite 310 reinforced mullite fiber; the fiber dispersing agent can be dodecyl Sodium sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc.
  • Solvent replacement When the silicon source contains metal ions, first remove the metal ions by washing with water, and then use an organic solvent for solvent replacement. If the silicon source does not contain metal ions, use organic solvents for solvent replacement.
  • the organic solvent can be one or a mixture of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and n-hexane.
  • Drying methods can be drying at normal temperature and pressure, supercritical drying, etc.
  • the conditions for drying at normal temperature and pressure are to dry at 60, 80 and 120°C for 2 hours respectively, and finally obtain white silica aerogel powder.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the solvent is ethanol, the temperature is raised to over 240°C and the pressure exceeds 8Mpa, and then the pressure is slowly released to obtain an airgel block.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the fluid inside the reactor is released at a slow rate at a constant temperature until the internal and external pressures are balanced. Then when the temperature drops to room temperature, the finished product is obtained.
  • the gel time needs to be greater than 36 hours. This operation can make the silica aerogel completely coat the mullite fiber and enhance the hydrophobic properties of the mullite fiber.
  • the material In order to have good thermal insulation performance at high temperatures, in addition to a very low thermal conductivity, the material also needs to have a certain thickness.
  • smoke prevention and exhaust ducts will only face high temperatures in emergency situations such as fires, and the excellent thermal insulation properties of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts will be used, and there is a demand for these excellent thermal insulation properties. It is a one-time use. In most cases, there is no need for such excellent thermal insulation and temperature resistance.
  • the thickness of the insulation layer In order to achieve excellent thermal insulation and temperature resistance, the thickness of the insulation layer is larger, which takes up space. In addition, more and thicker insulation layers are also added. manufacturing cost.
  • an anti-smoke exhaust air duct is provided.
  • the anti-smoke exhaust air duct includes a metal pipe 100, and the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100
  • a heat shielding layer 200 is provided.
  • the heat shielding layer 200 includes a high temperature expansion layer 260 and at least one of a heat insulation layer 210, a heat conduction layer 220, and a heat reflection layer 230.
  • the high-temperature expansion layer 260 includes high-temperature foaming agent, multifunctional carbon particles, and stabilizer.
  • the foaming temperature of the high-temperature foaming agent is greater than 500°C, and the high-temperature foaming agent is silicon carbide powder or particles.
  • Multifunctional carbon particles can be graphite or graphene.
  • the stabilizer is manganese dioxide.
  • the thickness of the high temperature expansion layer 260 is 1-5mm, and the thickness after expansion is 20-100mm.
  • a preferred solution is to also include airgel particles to improve the thermal insulation performance of the high-temperature expansion layer 260 .
  • the added mass proportion of airgel particles is 3-5%.
  • the high-temperature expansion layer 260 may also contain a water-reducing agent, and the water-reducing agent is sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate.
  • the high-temperature expansion layer 260 will expand and foam when it encounters high temperatures.
  • the thickness of the high-temperature expansion layer 260 increases and the thermal conductivity decreases.
  • the multi-functional carbon particles added inside also act as a sunscreen under high temperature conditions, reducing high temperature conditions. Thermal radiation below, as shown in Figure 7. Protect the structural stability of the smoke exhaust duct under high temperature conditions.
  • the high-temperature expansion layer 260 is not foamed (below 500°C)
  • the multifunctional carbon particles are still in a tightly pressed state, so they have relatively good thermal conductivity and can quickly disperse heat and reduce local overheating.
  • the high-temperature expansion layer 260 expands and foams, and the multifunctional carbon particles in it are dispersed and are no longer closely connected to conduct heat. The performance disappears, and the high-temperature expansion layer 260 changes from a thermal conductive function to a functional layer with high-temperature thermal insulation properties. At the same time, these multifunctional carbon particles have the effect of absorbing infrared rays and acting as sunscreen agents in this situation, further improving the heat insulation performance at high temperatures.
  • Heat shielding layer with high temperature expansion layer Insulation layer A Temperature(°C) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) Thermal conductivity (W/m ⁇ K) 300 0.039 0.038 400 0.048 0.0490 500 0.054 0.061 600 0.058 >0.1 700 0.062 >0.1 800 0.041 >0.1 900 0.049 >0.1
  • a smoke-exhaust prevention air duct includes a metal pipe 100.
  • the inner and/or outer walls of the metal pipe 100 are provided with a heat shielding layer 200.
  • the heat shielding layer 200 includes At least one of the thermal insulation layer 210, the thermal conductive layer 220, and the thermal reflective layer 230.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 includes a skeleton and fillers 214 .
  • Filler 214 includes aerogel and high temperature resistant additives 213 .
  • the aerogel includes at least one of silica aerogel and aluminum silicate aerogel.
  • Airgel contains silica material, aluminum silicate.
  • the skeleton is made of fiber material, and the fiber material can be at least one of alumina fiber, glass fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, and mullite fiber.
  • the silica airgel can be filled in the skeleton in the form of silica airgel particles; it can also be filled in the skeleton in the form of one-piece molding.
  • Silica powder 211 can also be added to the airgel as an anti-shrinkage additive to reduce the shrinkage problem of the airgel under high temperature conditions.
  • the high temperature resistant protective layer 250 covers the surface of the thermal insulation layer 210 or wraps the thermal insulation layer 210, as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the high-temperature resistant protective layer 250 can be made of heat-resistant materials such as aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 is obtained by impregnating the silica airgel felt with aluminum-containing slurry and drying it at high temperature to obtain a silica airgel felt with an aluminum oxide temperature-resistant shell.
  • the thermal conductivity range of airgel particles coated with high temperature resistant additive 213 is 0.01W/m ⁇ K-0.2W/m ⁇ K, and the initial melting temperature of silica aerogel coated with high temperature resistant additive 213 It's 1000°C.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 210 is 0.01W/m ⁇ K-0.1W/m ⁇ K.
  • the particle size range of the silica aerogel coated with the high temperature resistant additive 213 is 10 ⁇ m-900 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the coating layer of high temperature resistant additive 213 ranges from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210, the thermal conductive layer 220, and the heat reflective layer 230 are fixed to each other by bonding and hot pressing.
  • the outside of the heat shielding layer 200 can also be wrapped with fiberglass cloth, an aluminum foil layer, or a polymer film to prevent the filler 214 from breaking and falling off, and it can also be moisture-proof and hydrophobic.
  • the method for the thermal insulation layer 210 to cover the high temperature resistant protective layer 250 is:
  • Preparation of high temperature resistant slurry Mix aluminum hydroxide, ceramic fiber 300, and water in a certain proportion to make slurry.
  • aluminum salt, ceramic fiber 300, and water can be mixed in a certain proportion, and then the pH is adjusted to generate a slurry containing aluminum hydroxide.
  • High temperature resistant slurry coating Dip the heat insulation layer 210 into the high temperature resistant slurry.
  • Drying of the high temperature resistant protective layer 250 The heat insulating layer 210 impregnated with the high temperature resistant slurry is heated for high temperature treatment, and the slurry is dried to obtain the heat insulating layer 210 containing the high temperature resistant protective layer 250.
  • Hydrophobic treatment Wrap a hydrophobic material outside the thermal insulation layer 210.
  • the hydrophobic material can be a polymer coating, a spray repellent, etc.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 covers the high-temperature resistant protective layer 250, it can prevent the internal silica airgel particles from melting at high temperatures such as above 600°C, so that the high-temperature resistant thermal insulation layer 210 can still maintain the thermal insulation effect under high temperature conditions, meeting the requirements for preventing emissions. Requirements for the use of smoke ducts.
  • a thermal insulation layer 210 is provided.
  • the thermal insulation layer 210 includes a skeleton and fillers 214 .
  • Filler 214 includes aerogel and high temperature resistant additives 213 .
  • the aerogel includes at least one of silica aerogel and aluminum silicate aerogel.
  • the skeleton is made of fiber material, and the fiber material can be at least one of ceramic fiber 300 and glass fiber.
  • the silica airgel can be filled in the skeleton in the form of silica airgel particles; it can also be filled in the skeleton in the form of one-piece molding.
  • the filler 214 is in the form of silica airgel particles.
  • the surface of the silica airgel particles is wrapped by a high-temperature resistant protective layer 250.
  • the high-temperature resistant protective layer 250 can be alumina, aluminum silicate or other heat-resistant materials.
  • (hydro)aluminum sol First, disperse and hydrolyze the organoaluminum precursor in water.
  • a hydrolysis catalyst can also be added to enhance the hydrolysis reaction.
  • the aluminum-containing precursor includes at least one of aluminum isopropoxide and aluminum sec-butoxide.
  • Hydrolysis catalysts include nitric acid, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrochloric acid, etc.
  • the hydrolysis temperature is 60°C-90°C.
  • Hydrolysis time is 3-4h.
  • (2) Wrapping with the high temperature resistant protective layer 250 Disperse and mix the silica airgel particles into the aluminum (hydr)oxide sol, and add a gel catalyst to gel the aluminum (hydr)oxide sol.
  • the gel catalyst can be propylene oxide, glacial acetic acid, ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, alkali, etc.
  • Methanol can also be added to adjust the airgel density of the high temperature resistant protective layer 250 .
  • (hydro)aluminum sol first hydrolyze the aluminum salt under alkaline conditions. After complete hydrolysis to form a precipitate, centrifuge or evaporate the water, wash the precipitate to remove anions, and add a peptizing solvent to peptize the precipitate. By controlling the pH value of the sol, a stable, clear and transparent (hydr)aluminum oxide sol can be formed.
  • the aluminum salts include aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum amine sulfate, etc.
  • the alkaline conditions can be obtained by using alkaline substances such as ammonia water.
  • High temperature resistant protective layer 250 wrapping Disperse and mix the silica airgel particles into the (hydr)alumina sol, and add a gel network inducer to gel the (hydro)alumina sol, and the gel network Inducers include polyethylene glycol.
  • (hydrogen)alumina sol Apply powder dispersion method (or physical and chemical powder method), using hydrated alumina powder such as SB powder (pure boehmite powder produced by Condea Company in Germany), PB powder (prepared to Boehmite) is the precursor, which is dispersed in a medium to form a suspension.
  • the medium can be water.
  • the temperature stated for the suspension is 85°C.
  • the sol agent includes nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, and the acid concentration can be 1.6 mol/L.
  • High temperature resistant protective layer 250 wrapping Disperse and mix the silica airgel particles into the (hydr)alumina sol, and add a gel network inducer to gel the (hydro)alumina sol, and the gel network Inducers include polyethylene glycol.
  • the gelation time is at least 5 hours and the temperature is 60-90°C.
  • the internal silica aerogel particles can be prevented from melting at high temperatures such as above 600°C, so that the high-temperature resistant thermal insulation layer 210 can still maintain the thermal insulation effect at high temperatures, meeting the requirements Requirements for the use of smoke prevention and exhaust ducts.
  • a filler 214 is provided.
  • the filler 214 includes silica aerogel.
  • the preparation method of the silica aerogel is as follows.
  • Sol preparation Mix silicon source, water and alcohol, and also add a hydrolysis catalyst to accelerate hydrolysis to obtain a silicon-containing sol.
  • Silicon sources include sodium silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate, etc.
  • hydrolysis catalysts include hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
  • Sunscreen agents can also be added to the sol to enhance the temperature insulation performance at high temperatures. Sunscreen agents include titanium dioxide, carbon black, SiC, potassium hexatitanate, ZrO2, etc.
  • Gel preparation Add a gel catalyst to transform the silica-containing sol into a gel.
  • the gel catalyst can be ammonia, dimethylformamide, etc. After adding the gel catalyst, let it stand for 24-72h to obtain the gel. You can also add the gel catalyst, pour it into the fiber preform and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain the gel. You can also add reinforcing fiber and fiber dispersant after adding gel catalyst, and let it stand for 24-72 hours to obtain gel; reinforcing fiber can be brucite fiber, ceramic fiber 300, glass fiber, quartz fiber; fiber The dispersant can be sodium lauryl sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc.
  • Solvent replacement When the silicon source contains metal ions, first remove the metal ions by washing with water, and then use an organic solvent for solvent replacement. If the silicon source does not contain metal ions, use organic solvents for solvent replacement.
  • the organic solvent can be one or a mixture of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and n-hexane.
  • Modification Use a modifier to modify the gel after solvent replacement.
  • the modifier can be TMCS/n-hexane system, trimethylchlorosilane/n-hexane system (volume ratio 1:9), etc.
  • the modified aerogel has hydrophobic properties.
  • the modification temperature is 20-50°C.
  • Drying methods can be drying at normal temperature and pressure, supercritical drying, etc.
  • the conditions for drying at normal temperature and pressure are to dry at 60, 80 and 120°C for 2 hours respectively, and finally obtain white silica aerogel powder.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the solvent is ethanol, the temperature is raised to over 240°C and the pressure exceeds 8Mpa, and then the pressure is slowly released to obtain an airgel block.
  • the solvent is ethanol
  • the fluid inside the reactor is released at a slow rate at a constant temperature until the internal and external pressures are balanced. Subsequently, when the temperature dropped to room temperature, a conventional silica airgel insulation layer A was obtained.
  • the technical problem to be solved by this quick-connected and fixed smoke-proof and exhaust air duct structure that is easy to install is to overcome the existing defects, provide a quick-connected and fixed air duct structure that is easy to install, and facilitates the installation and disassembly of the air duct. It can realize quick connection between two air ducts, improve work efficiency, and at the same time ensure that the smoke prevention and exhaust airtightness and fire resistance of the air duct will not be reduced. It is highly practical and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
  • a smoke prevention and exhaust air duct with a fast-connecting fixed structure the air duct is spliced through air duct units.
  • each air duct unit includes a metal duct, an inner wall heat shielding layer 200 that fits the inner wall of the metal duct, an outer wall heat shielding layer 200 that fits the outer wall of the metal duct, and an outer wall heat shielding layer 200
  • the fire-resistant sealant 130 is attached to the outside.
  • the inner wall heat shielding layer 200, the metal pipe, the outer wall heat shielding layer 200, and the outer refractory sealant 130 are covered and connected in sequence.
  • the connection method can be common physical or chemical connection methods such as rivet fixation and adhesion.
  • the inner wall heat shielding layer 200 and the outer wall heat shielding layer 200 may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers of the heat insulation layer 210, the heat conduction layer 220, and the heat reflection layer 230.
  • the air duct units in order to ensure that the air duct units can be closely connected to achieve the functions of sealing, heat insulation and preventing thermal bridges, extension layers and receiving areas are provided at both ends of each air duct unit.
  • the metal pipe is a color steel plate
  • the surface of the metal pipe is coated with an antibacterial coating to form an antibacterial metal pipe 101.
  • the extension layer refers to the structural layer at one end of an air duct unit that extends outward from the main structure in a direction parallel to the pipe wall.
  • the receiving area refers to the other end of the extension layer on the duct unit, the area reserved for connecting to the extension layer of another duct unit.
  • the structure of the air duct unit can be extended in a single layer or in multiple layers according to the structure of the extension layer, so that it can fit with the extension layer when the air duct units are connected.
  • the structure that is partially extended at the receiving end is defined as the extended receiving layer.
  • the two air duct units there are two air duct units to be connected, and the two air ducts have the same structure.
  • Both structures include the main body of the air duct unit, the extension layer and the receiving area, excluding the extension receiving layer.
  • the main body of the air duct unit is composed of a metal pipe 100, an inner wall heat shielding layer 200 of the metal pipe 100, and an outer wall heat shielding layer 200 of the metal pipe 100.
  • the extension layer is composed of the outer wall heat shielding layer 200 extending outward in a direction parallel to the pipe wall.
  • the extension length of the layer in the direction parallel to the tube wall is the same as the reserved width of the receiving area in the direction parallel to the tube wall.
  • connection method is: one end of an air duct unit with an extension layer is connected to an end of another air duct unit with a receiving area, and the metal pipes 100 of the two air duct units are in contact, and the extended outer wall heat shielding layer 200 is in contact with each other.
  • the outer wall heat shielding layer 200 extending from one end of the extension layer of one air duct unit covers the metal pipe 100 of one end of the receiving area of the other air duct unit.
  • connection components include: a surrounding fixing hoop 120, bolts 121, and nuts 121 made of metal or other high-temperature resistant materials.
  • the surrounding fixing hoop 120 also includes a limiting hole, and the width of the surrounding fixing hoop 120 is not less than the length of the outer wall heat shielding layer 200 extending from the air duct.
  • An anti-smoke and exhaust air duct includes a front air duct 140 and a rear air duct 150.
  • One end of the front air duct 140 is detachably connected to the rear air duct 150.
  • the smoke prevention and exhaust air duct also includes a mounting seat 160, a positioning rod 161 and a positioning cylinder 162.
  • the mounting seat 160 is symmetrically provided on the sides of the front air duct 140 and the rear air duct 150.
  • the positioning rod 161 and the positioning cylinder 162 correspond to each other. They are provided on opposite sides of the mounting seats 160 on both sides, and the positioning rod 161 and the positioning cylinder 162 are in sliding fit.
  • first connection component and a second connection component are provided between the front air duct and the rear air duct;
  • the first connection component includes a limiting hole, a guide hole, a limiting rod and a nut, and the limiting hole runs through the vertical
  • the guide hole penetrates the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod, and the guide hole corresponds to the limit hole.
  • the limit rod matches the guide hole correspondingly.
  • the nut is threadedly connected to the limit rod. top.
  • the fixing method after the two air duct units are connected can be: the surrounding fixing hoop 120 covers the gap connecting the metal pipes 100 of the two air duct units and the heat shielding layer 200, the bolts 121 pass through the corresponding limit holes, and the nuts 121 are used. Tighten and secure.
  • the air duct can be rectangular, the long side length of the air duct is b ⁇ 500mm, the distance between supports and hangers is d ⁇ 2800mm; 500mm ⁇ the long side length of the air duct b ⁇ 1000mm, the distance between supports and hangers is d ⁇ 2400mm; 1000mm ⁇ air duct length The side length b ⁇ 2000mm, the distance between supports and hangers d ⁇ 1400.
  • Rectangular duct sizes can be 120mm, 160mm, 200mm, 250mm, 320mm, 400mm, 500mm, 630mm, 800mm, 1000mm, 1250mm, 1600mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, 4000mm.
  • the two air duct units to be connected are respectively provided with angle steel flange structures 110 for connection at both ends.
  • the flanges are made of metal or other high-temperature resistant materials.
  • the two angle steel flange 110 structures on both sides of the air duct unit connection seam can be tightly fitted and fixed through the connecting components.
  • connection component includes: a plurality of bolts 121 and nuts 121 made of metal or other high-temperature resistant materials.
  • the connection method is that the nut 121 passes through the limit hole on the corresponding angle steel flange 110 and is fixed and locked by the bolt 121.

Abstract

本发明涉及消防排烟技术领域，提供了一个技术方案，通过对二氧化硅气凝胶做了改性和优化，改进了二氧化硅气凝胶材料的内部结构，将耐火性能更好但隔热性能略差的铝氧化物/铝盐材料与二氧化硅气凝胶结合，形成外壳是铝氧化物/铝盐而内核是二氧化硅气凝胶的复合二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒，或者形成外壳是二氧化硅气凝胶而内核是铝氧化物/铝盐的复合二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒。这样能够使得二氧化硅气凝胶在高温情况下保持稳定，同时复合的颗粒具有较好的隔热性能，还可以维持比较好的物理化学性能，将其应用于绝热层可以满足防排烟通风管道的使用要求。

Description

一种耐高温防排烟风管及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及消防排烟技术领域，尤其涉及一种防排烟风管。
背景技术
防排烟风管用于防排烟系统中的通风管道，防烟系统采用机械加压送风方式或自然通风方式，防止烟气进入疏散通道，并将将烟气排至建筑物外的系统。防排烟系统的作用主要有两个方面：一是在疏散通道和人员密集的部位设置防烟设施，有利于人员的安全疏散；二是将火灾现场产生的有毒高温烟气及时排出，消除灭火的障碍。
目前人们对于建筑的安全性要求越来越高，而防排烟系统的隔热防火性能是建筑安全性的重要保障。2018年8月1日实施的国家标准GB51251-2017《建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准》对防排烟风管提出了严格的耐火时间要求。
为达到新标准的要求，现有的技术方案是增加耐火材料的厚度。这样会导致防排烟风管占据更大的空间，同时一部分现有建筑在进行消防改造时还会遇到空间受限的问题，很难实现新标准的要求。不仅如此，传统的防排烟风管的耐火材料主要为岩棉毡、硅酸铝毡等材料，吸水性问题严重，耐火材料吸水后会导致内部结构坍塌，使得防排烟风管的寿命较短。
发明内容
发明人经大量研究发现，由于传统的隔热材料的特性，使得现有的防排烟风管存在诸多不足。现有技术中防排烟风管使用的隔热材料会出现吸水导致隔热结构坍塌、寿命短，同时由于导热系数高的原因导致占用空间较大。在实际中火场风管在局部受热的情况下，还会出现风管结构变化坍塌、风管出现缺陷，导致管内风压变化、漏风，也会使得风管排风性能下降。
气凝胶具有优秀的隔热性能，发明人发现现有技术中还未见使用气凝胶材料的防排烟风管。在实现本发明的过程中，发明人提供了一种气凝胶绝热层(绝热层)，该绝热层可应用于防排烟通风管道，解决了气凝胶无法达到防排烟风管耐温防火要求的问题，同时使绝热层具备良好的保温、消声吸音、防潮、漏风量小、使用寿命长、性价比合理等特点。发明人还发现虽然二氧化硅气凝胶的隔热性能非常好，但是其耐高温性能存在一定程度的缺陷，传统二氧化硅气凝胶在超过600℃开始融化，在800℃以上纳米孔道开始坍塌，在温度高于1000℃场合已基本失去保温效果，无法满足防排烟风管标准的要求。
本发明提供了一个技术方案，发明人通过对二氧化硅气凝胶做了改性和优化，改进了二氧化 硅气凝胶材料的内部结构，将耐火性能更好但隔热性能略差的铝氧化物/铝盐材料与二氧化硅气凝胶结合，形成外壳是铝氧化物/铝盐而内核是二氧化硅气凝胶的复合二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒，或者形成外壳是二氧化硅气凝胶而内核是铝氧化物/铝盐的复合二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒。这样能够使得二氧化硅气凝胶在高温情况下保持稳定，同时复合的颗粒具有较好的隔热性能，还可以维持比较好的物理化学性能，将其应用于绝热层可以满足防排烟通风管道的使用要求。
本发明提供一种防排烟风管，包括金属管道，金属管道的内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层，热屏蔽层包括绝热层、导热层、热反射层至少一种。绝热层包含骨架、填料、抗收缩添加剂。填料包括气凝胶和耐高温添加剂。气凝胶包括二氧化硅气凝胶、硅酸铝气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、复合二氧化硅气凝胶的至少一种。骨架由纤维材料制成，纤维材料可以是硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维、玻璃纤维、莫来石纤维的至少一种。耐高温添加剂可以是硅酸铝、石英粉、硅微粉等。气凝胶包含二氧化硅材料、硅酸铝材料。填料的是外壳是硅酸铝、氧化铝气凝胶内核是二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒，或者外壳是二氧化硅气凝胶内核是硅酸铝、氧化铝气凝胶的颗粒。
本发明提供了一个技术方案，发明人通过对复合的二氧化硅/硅酸铝气凝胶颗粒或二氧化硅/氧化铝气凝胶颗粒中的二氧化硅气凝胶部分做了进一步的改性和优化，虽然二氧化硅气凝胶与含铝气凝胶进行了复合，但是在高温情况下二氧化硅气凝胶部分本身也有可能出现收缩坍塌的问题，发明人向二氧化硅气凝胶中加入抗收缩添加剂添加剂(硅微粉)，通过硅微粉在高温下的晶型变化、体积变化，可以抑制和减少二氧化硅气凝胶的收缩坍塌问题，进一步提高复合二氧化硅/硅酸铝气凝胶颗粒或复合二氧化硅/氧化铝气凝胶颗粒的耐温性能。
发明人还提出，应用增强的气凝胶材料于防排烟风管中，如加入了复合二氧化硅/硅酸铝气凝胶颗粒或复合二氧化硅/氧化铝气凝胶颗粒的绝热层，可以在实现较低的传热系数同时承受高温，使得气凝胶材料可以应用于防排烟风管的领域中，增强防排烟风管的耐热能力，在火灾发生时候使得防排烟风管正常的发挥作用。应用气凝胶隔热材料于防排烟风管中，还可以减少隔热材料的空间占用。
在一些实施例中，耐高温防排烟风管，包括金属管道，所述金属管道的内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层，其中，所述热屏蔽层包括绝热层；所述绝热层包括骨架、填料、抗收缩添加剂，所述抗收缩添加剂包括硅微粉。所述绝热层与所述金属管道的内壁和/或外壁贴合。
在一些实施例中，耐高温防排烟风管，其中，填料的结构包括外部包裹二氧化硅气凝胶层的氧化铝颗粒、外部包括二氧化硅气凝胶层的硅酸铝颗粒、外部包裹氧化铝保护层的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，氧化铝保护层的厚度范围是1μm-500μm。
在一些实施例中，二氧化硅气凝胶包裹层的厚度范围是0.5μm-250μm。
在一些实施例中，硅微粉的粒径是1000-3000目。
在一些实施例中，硅微粉的添加量是1％-15％。
在一些实施例中，硅微粉的表面覆有二氧化钛膜。
在一些实施例中，二氧化钛是氮掺杂或者氟掺杂的二氧化钛。
在一些实施例中，热屏蔽层还包括导热层、吸热层、热反射层的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，热屏蔽层还包括高温膨胀层，高温膨胀层位于相对于金属内壁和/或外壁的最外侧。
在一些实施例中，高温膨胀层包含高温发泡剂、多功能碳颗粒和稳定剂。
在一些实施例中，高温发泡剂的发泡温度大于500℃，高温发泡剂是碳化硅粉末或颗粒。
在一些实施例中，多功能碳颗粒可以是石墨、石墨烯；稳定剂是二氧化锰。
在一些实施例中，填料的导热率范围是0.01W/m·K-0.06W/m·K。
在一些实施例中，绝热层的在600-800℃下的导热系数是0.015W/m·K-0.02W/m·K。
在一些实施例中，绝热层包括遮光剂，遮光剂包括二氧化钛粉、石墨粉。
在一些实施例中，填料的粒径范围是10μm-900μm。
在一些实施例中，导热层的导热系数范围是20W/m·K-50W/m·K。
在一些实施例中，导热层的形式包括硅胶散热膜、石墨散热膜、金属导热板、热管式导热板。
在一些实施例中，金属导热板的材料可以是铜板、铝板。
在一些实施例中，导热层是具有导热结构通道，导热结构通道是双层中空金属导热板。
在一些实施例中，吸热层的吸热能力是500kJ-1000kJ/kg。
在一些实施例中，吸热层是相变材料，相变材料的相变温度是800℃或1000℃或1200℃。
在一些实施例中，相变材料是熔融盐，熔融盐包括碳酸盐、氯化盐、氟化盐。
在一些实施例中，绝热层的拉伸强度≥1.0MPA，25℃；≥0.3MPA，800℃。
在一些实施例中，绝热层的挠曲模量≥6000psi，25℃；≥4000psi，800℃。
在一些实施例中，绝热层的生产方法包括：
S100：二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇、硅微粉混合并搅拌，得到二氧化硅溶胶，搅拌时间为60min；
S200：二氧化硅凝胶制备：向制得的二氧化硅溶胶中加入碱，调节ph值后静置，二氧化硅凝胶；
S300：溶剂置换：使用乙醇对二氧化硅凝胶进行溶剂置换；
S400：干燥：使用常温常压干燥或超临界干燥方式对溶剂置换后的二氧化硅凝胶进行干燥。
在一些实施例中，热屏蔽层与金属管道的内壁和/或外壁通过耐火密封胶贴合。
在一些实施例中，金属管道的内壁和/或外壁涂有抗菌涂层。
在一些实施例中，高温膨胀层的厚度是1-5mm，膨胀后的厚度是20-100mm。
在一些实施例中，耐高温防排烟风管包括前风管、后风管；所述前风管一端可拆卸连接有所述后风管；所述前风管、后风管两端分别设有角钢法兰；所述前风管内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层，所述后风管内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层；所述热屏蔽层包括绝热层、导热层、热反射层的至少一种；所述绝热层与所述前风管、后风管的内壁和/或外壁贴合。
另外，在一些实施例中，在绝热层中添加遮光剂，遮光剂包括表面镀有二氧化钛的硅微粉，二氧化钛作为一种遮光剂可以减少高温下的辐射传热，增强二氧化硅气凝胶的高温隔热性能。但由于二氧化钛本身容易团聚的特性，使得将二氧化钛直接加入气凝胶中的高温隔热效果不好。因此将二氧化钛镀膜至硅微粉表面，再加入气凝胶中，既可以发挥硅微粉在高温情况下调节抑制二氧化硅气凝胶收缩的特点，还可以解决二氧化钛团聚的问题，从而进一步的提升二氧化硅气凝胶的高温隔热性能。
另外，在一些实施例中，热屏蔽层还包括导热层，导热层可以迅速的将局部高温分散，降低局部高温对防排烟风管结构的破坏。在另外一些实施例中，热屏蔽层还包括吸热层，吸热层由储热材料构成，储热材料可以吸收热量并保持温度恒定。导热层和吸热层都可以进一步保证防排烟风管的整体稳定性。还可以降低防排烟风管的绝热层的隔热需求，从而降低成本。
另外，在一些实施例中，热屏蔽层还包括高温膨胀层，高温膨胀层在达到设定的高温后迅速膨胀，其隔热性能在膨胀后迅速增强，从而增强整个热屏蔽层在高温情况下的隔热量性能，减少正常情况下的热屏蔽层体积，降低成本。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1防排烟风管示意图；
图2热屏蔽层示意图；
图3被耐高温添加剂包裹而制成的填料示意图；
图4绝热层被耐高温保护层包裹示意图；
图5枝晶陶瓷纤维气凝胶示意图；
图6硅微粉表面镀二氧化钛镀层示意图；
图7高温膨胀层在不同温度下形态示意图；
图8排烟风管结构示意图；
图9氧化铝包裹的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒绝热层制备流程；
图10二氧化硅包裹氧化铝气凝胶颗粒绝热层温度导热率特性图；
图11氧化铝包裹二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒绝热层温度导热率特性图；
图12添加硅微粉的绝热层凝胶颗粒绝热层温度-导热率/收缩率特性图；
图13添加镀有二氧化钛硅微粉的绝热层凝胶颗粒绝热层温度-导热率/收缩率特性图；
图中：100-金属管道；101-抗菌金属管道；110-角钢法兰；120-环绕式固定箍；121-螺栓；122-螺母；130-耐火密封胶；140-前风管；150-后风管；160-安装座；161-定位杆；162-定位筒；200-热屏蔽层；210-绝热层；211-硅微粉；212-气凝胶颗粒；213-耐高温添加剂；214-填料；215-二氧化钛浆料；216-二氧化钛浆料包覆的硅微粉颗粒；220-导热层；230-热反射层；250-耐高温保护层；260-高温膨胀层；300-陶瓷纤维；310-陶瓷枝晶；320-枝晶陶瓷纤维气凝胶。
在附图的描述中，相同、相似或相应的附图标记代表相同、相似的或相应的单元、元件或功能。
具体实施方式
术语解释
热屏蔽层200：热屏蔽层200设置于防排烟风管金属壁的内侧或外侧，用于屏蔽防排烟风管内部或者外部的热量。
绝热层210：气凝胶绝热层(绝热层210)是热屏蔽层200的一部分，通过自身低热导率的特性保护防排烟风管的金属结构。
导热层220：导热层220是热屏蔽层200的一部分，通过自身高热导率的特性，将集中的热量迅速分散，降低局部高温导致的金属结构破坏风险。
热反射层230：热反射层230是热屏蔽层200的一部分，通过自身的反射功能将高温情况下的热辐射反射出去，降低内部的温度。
耐高温添加剂213：耐高温添加剂213是绝热层210的一种配方，用于提高绝热层210在高温情况下的理化性能。
优选方案
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，如图2所示，热屏蔽层200包括绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230的至少一种。
绝热层210包含骨架、填料214。填料214包括气凝胶和耐高温添加剂213，此方案中填料214是耐高温添加剂213包覆的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒，耐高温添加剂213可以是氧化铝、硅酸铝等 耐热材料。
骨架由纤维材料制成，纤维材料可以是氧化铝纤维、玻璃纤维的至少一种。耐高温添加剂213可以是硅酸铝、硅微粉211。气凝胶包含二氧化硅材料、硅酸铝。
绝热层210的防火等级是不燃A级。绝热层210的密度是50-500kg/m3，优选的密度是60kg/m3、70kg/m3、80kg/m3、90kg/m3、100kg/m3、150kg/m3、200kg/m3、250kg/m3、300kg/m3、350kg/m3、400kg/m3、450kg/m3、500kg/m3。绝热层210的导热系数，W/(m·K)范围是：≤0.025(25℃)，优选的范围是≤0.020(25℃)；≤0.080(600℃)；优选的范围是≤0.060(600℃)。绝热层210的厚度范围是≥20mm；优选的厚度范围是≥30mm。
金属管道100具有抗菌能力，抗菌能力通过抗菌涂层实现，如图8所示，抗菌率≥95％,优选的抗菌率≥96％、97％、98％、99％。金属管道100的管道壁厚度范围是0.2-1.5mm，优选的厚度是0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm。金属管道100材料的抗压强度(厚度0.5mm)≥0.8Mpa，优选的抗压强度≥0.9Mpa、1.0Mpa、1.1Mpa。
防排烟风管的单位重量范围是≤40kg/m2。防排烟风管的耐火极限时间≥1h。防排烟风管的抗压性能(风速，≤20m/s)≤1500Pa。防排烟风管的比摩阻(风速，≤20m/s)≤24Pa/m。防排烟风管的漏风量(1500Pa)≤4.08{m 3/(h.㎡)}。防排烟风管的耐压变形量(1500Pa)≤1.0％。
本发实施例要解决的技术问题是热屏蔽层200的绝热层210材料在高温情况下，会发生内部二氧化硅微观结构坍塌的问题，采用了将耐火、耐高温性能更强的氧化铝、硅酸铝等含铝材料，通过工艺手段包裹二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒的表面的方法，工艺流程如图9所示。
使用耐高温添加剂213包覆二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒，如图3所示，可以避免二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒内部结构在600℃以上融化，使得绝热层210在高温情况下仍能位置隔温效果，满足防排烟风管的使用要求。
耐高温添加剂213包覆后的气凝胶颗粒在800℃情况下的导热系数范围是0.01W/m·K-0.3W/m·K，耐高温添加剂213包覆后的二氧化硅气凝胶的起始融化温度是1000℃。绝热层210的导热系数是0.01W/m·K-0.5W/m·K。耐高温添加剂213包覆后的二氧化硅气凝胶粒径范围是10μm-900μm，优选的粒径范围是10μm-50μm、50μm-100μm、100μm-200μm、200μm-300μm、300μm-500μm、500μm-600μm、600μm-800μm、800μm-900μm。耐高温添加剂213包覆层的厚度范围是5μm-500μm，优选的厚度范围是5μm-15μm、15μm-40μm、40μm-80μm、80μm-150μm、150μm-300μm、300μm-500μm。
绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230通过粘合、热压的方式相互固定。热屏蔽层200外部还可以使用玻纤布、铝箔层包裹，防止填料214碎裂掉粉的现象发生。
优选方案
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，如图2所示，热屏蔽层200包括绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230的至少一种。
绝热层210包含骨架、填料214。填料214包括气凝胶和耐高温添加剂213，具体是使用二氧化硅气凝胶包裹的铝盐或铝氧化物颗粒。二氧化硅气凝胶是以二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒形式填充于骨架中。
骨架由纤维材料制成，纤维材料可以是氧化铝纤维、玻璃纤维的至少一种。耐高温添加剂213可以是硅酸铝、硅微粉211。气凝胶包含二氧化硅材料、硅酸铝。
绝热层210的防火等级是不燃A级。绝热层210的密度是50-500kg/m 3，优选的密度是60kg/m 3、70kg/m 3、80kg/m 3、90kg/m 3、100kg/m 3、150kg/m 3、200kg/m 3、250kg/m 3、300kg/m 3、350kg/m 3、400kg/m 3、450kg/m 3、500kg/m 3。绝热层210的导热系数，W/(m·K)范围是：≤0.025(25℃)，优选的范围是≤0.020(25℃)；≤0.080(600℃)；优选的范围是≤0.060(600℃)。绝热层210的厚度范围是≥20mm；优选的厚度范围是≥30mm。
金属管道100具有抗菌能力，抗菌能力通过抗菌涂层实现，抗菌率≥95％,优选的抗菌率≥96％、97％、98％、99％。金属管道100的管道壁厚度范围是0.2-1.5mm，优选的厚度是0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm。金属管道100材料的抗压强度(厚度0.5mm)≥0.8Mpa，优选的抗压强度≥0.9Mpa、1.0Mpa、1.1Mpa。
防排烟风管的单位重量范围是≤40kg/m 2。防排烟风管的耐火极限时间≥1h。防排烟风管的抗压性能(风速，≤20m/s)≤1500Pa。防排烟风管的比摩阻(风速，≤20m/s)≤24Pa/m。防排烟风管的漏风量(1500Pa)≤4.08{m 3/(h.㎡)}。防排烟风管的耐压变形量(1500Pa)≤1.0％。
本发实施例要解决的技术问题是热屏蔽层200的绝热层210材料在高温情况下，会发生内部二氧化硅微观结构坍塌的问题，采用通过工艺手段，将二氧化硅气凝胶材料包裹到耐火、耐高温性能更强的氧化铝、硅酸铝等含铝材料的颗粒上。
对二氧化硅气凝胶进行改性，可以避免二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒结构在600℃以上融化，使得绝热层210在高温情况下仍能位置隔温效果，满足防排烟风管的使用要求。
耐高温添加剂213包覆后的气凝胶颗粒在800℃情况下的导热系数范围是0.01W/m·K-0.3W/m·K，耐高温添加剂213包覆后的二氧化硅气凝胶的起始融化温度是1000℃。绝热层210的导热系数是0.01W/m·K-0.5W/m·K。耐高温添加剂213包覆后的二氧化硅气凝胶粒径范围是10μm-900μm。耐高温添加剂213包覆层的厚度范围是5μm-500μm。
绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230通过粘合、热压的方式相互固定。热屏蔽层200外部还可以使用玻纤布、铝箔层包裹，防止填料214碎裂掉粉的现象发生。
优选方案
气凝胶的体积在高温情况下(800度以上)会发生体积收缩的现象，导致结构变化而降低隔热保温性能。
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，热屏蔽层200包括绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230的至少一种。
绝热层210包含骨架、填料214和遮光剂。填料214填充于骨架中。填料214包括气凝胶和耐高温添加剂213。气凝胶包括二氧化硅气凝胶、硅酸铝气凝胶的至少一种。填料214还可以是被耐高温添加剂213包覆二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒，耐高温添加剂213可以是氧化铝、硅酸铝等耐热材料。填料214还可以是使用二氧化硅气凝胶包裹的铝盐或铝氧化物颗粒。二氧化硅气凝胶是以二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒形式填充于骨架中。骨架由纤维材料制成，纤维材料可以是氧化铝纤维、玻璃纤维、莫来石纤维、硅酸铝纤维的至少一种。耐高温添加剂213是硅微粉211，所述硅微粉211可以是晶态二氧化硅粉粒，也可以是非晶态(无定型)二氧化硅粉粒。
利用硅微粉211，特别是非晶态二氧化硅粉粒在高温情况下的晶相变化导致的体积变化，调整和抑制绝热层210在高温下的收缩情况，同时非晶态硅微粉211还可以提升绝热层210的温度耐受能力。非晶态硅微粉211是二氧化硅材料，在温度变化下会有晶型的转变带来的体积变化的现象。非晶态硅微粉211体积的膨胀在绝热层210经历高温过程中会抑制和降低内应力，从而减少绝热层210内部的结构变化而稳定其在高温情况下的隔热保温性能。
硅微粉211在高温并含有铝元素的情况下，会向莫来石方向进行反应和转变，莫来石是一种优秀的耐火材料，因此硅微粉211的加入进一步提高了二氧化硅气凝胶毡的耐高温能力。
二氧化硅气凝胶是以二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒形式填充于骨架中。二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒经过工艺处理后，二氧化化硅气凝胶颗粒外表面被耐高温添加剂213包覆，耐高温添加剂213可以是氧化铝、硅酸铝等耐热材料。
非晶态硅微粉211的粒径是800-8000目、1000-2000目、2000-3000目、3000-4000目、4000-5000目、5000-6000目、6000-7000目、7000-8000目、1000-1500目、1500目-3000目，或10-800nm、10-100nm、50-200nm、100-400nm、300-800nm。优选的粒径是800-1000目、1000-1200目、1000-3000目。硅微粉211添加量是3-25％、1-10％、3-15％、5-20％、5-25％、10-25％，优选的添加量是2-10％、3-8％、3-6％。非晶态硅微粉211的添加量为1-20％、1-15％、2-10％、3-8％。优选的粒径可以更好的促进硅、铝和氧键的结合，使得结构更加稳定。优选的添加量可以更好的提升材料在高温的抗收缩的能力，同时保持较高的隔热性能与机械强度。
添加了非晶态硅微粉211的绝热层210制备方法如下：
溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，还可以加入水解催化剂加速水解获得含硅溶胶。硅源包括硅酸钠、正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯等，水解催化剂包括盐酸、草酸、硝酸、硫酸等。溶胶中还可以加入遮光剂增强在高温情况下的隔温性能，抑制红外辐射，遮光剂包括二氧化钛、炭黑、SiC、六钛酸钾、ZrO2等。
耐高温/防收缩增强：向制备好的溶胶中加入硅微粉211。
凝胶制备：加入凝胶催化剂使得含硅溶胶转变为凝胶。凝胶催化剂可以是氨水、二甲基甲酰胺等。加入凝胶催化剂后，静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以加入凝胶催化剂后，将其浇筑至纤维预制件中后静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以在加入凝胶催化剂后，再加入增强纤维以及纤维分散剂，并静置静置24-72h获得凝胶；增强纤维可以是水镁石纤维、陶瓷纤维300、玻璃纤维、石英纤维；纤维分散剂可以是十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠等。
老化/陈化：加入乙醇后，静置24-48h。
溶剂置换：在硅源中含有金属离子的情况下，先用水洗去除金属离子，再使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。若硅源中不含有金属离子，使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。有机溶剂可以是乙醇、异丙醇、正己烷的一种或混合。
改性：使用改性剂对溶剂置换后的凝胶进行改性处理。改性剂可以是TMCS/正已烷体系、三甲基氯硅烷/正己烷体系(体积比1：9)等，使用改性剂浸泡24-48h进行改性，改性后用正己烷洗涤。改性后的气凝胶具备疏水特性。改性温度是20-50℃。
干燥：干燥的方法可以是常温常压干燥、超临界干燥等。常温常压干燥的条件是，分别在60、80和120℃干燥2h，最后得白色二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，在在5-20℃，4-8MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡2-5天，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至30-50℃，9-15MPa并保持1-3h，然后以0.1-1MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过200℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
本发实施例要解决的技术问题是绝热层210材料在高温情况下，会发生内部二氧化硅微观结构收缩和坍塌的问题，采用的手段是向材料中添加硅微粉211材料抑制和抵消在气凝胶材料在高温下收缩和坍塌的问题。
优选方案
在高温情况下，热辐射的现象增强。为了减少高温情况下由于热辐射现象导致的隔热性能变差的情况，可以在材料中添加遮光剂，降低辐射现象。二氧化钛是一种常用的遮光剂，但是二氧化钛在添加的过程中容易出现团聚的现象，使得二氧化钛无法均匀分散，尤其在溶胶-凝胶过程中会 出现团聚现象，影响最终的遮光效果。
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，热屏蔽层200包括绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230的至少一种。
遮光剂是二氧化钛，由于二氧化钛在添加过程中容易团聚，因此在添加过程中还加入分散剂抑制团聚现象，二氧化钛的团聚现象。。
还可以通过将二氧化钛镀膜至硅微粉211表面，使其稳定的与硅微粉211表面结合，从而抑制二氧化钛的团聚现象，如图6所示。二氧化钛可以采用氟掺杂或者氮掺杂的二氧化钛纳米颗粒，增强红外波段辐射的遮光效果。二氧化钛晶型可以是锐钛矿型。
绝热层210包含骨架、填料214、遮光剂。填料214填充于骨架中。填料214包括气凝胶和耐高温添加剂213。气凝胶包括二氧化硅气凝胶、硅酸铝气凝胶的至少一种。填料214还可以是被耐高温添加剂213包覆二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒，耐高温添加剂213可以是氧化铝、硅酸铝等耐热材料。填料214还可以是使用二氧化硅气凝胶包裹的铝盐或铝氧化物颗粒。二氧化硅气凝胶是以二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒形式填充于骨架中。骨架由纤维材料制成，纤维材料可以是氧化铝纤维、玻璃纤维、莫来石纤维、硅酸铝纤维的至少一种。
还可已应用增透膜原理，通过设置镀膜的厚度增强对红外波段辐射的吸收，还可已通过设置多层增透膜进一步的增强对红外波段辐射的吸收。
溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，还可以加入水解催化剂加速水解获得含硅溶胶。硅源包括硅酸钠、正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯等，水解催化剂包括盐酸、草酸、硝酸、硫酸等。溶胶中还可以加入遮光剂增强在高温情况下的隔温性能，遮光剂包括二氧化钛、炭黑、SiC、六钛酸钾、ZrO2等。
遮光剂增强：向制备好的溶胶中加入二氧化钛，以及分散剂，或者向制备好的溶胶中加入镀有二氧化钛膜的硅微粉211。
分散剂可以是：硅酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚羧酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸铵、聚乙二醇。
凝胶制备：加入凝胶催化剂使得含硅溶胶转变为凝胶。凝胶催化剂可以是氨水、二甲基甲酰胺等。加入凝胶催化剂后，静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以加入凝胶催化剂后，将其浇筑至纤维预制件中后静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以在加入凝胶催化剂后，再加入增强纤维以及纤维分散剂，并静置静置24-72h获得凝胶；增强纤维可以是水镁石纤维、陶瓷纤维300、玻璃纤维、石英纤维；纤维分散剂可以是十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠等。
老化/陈化：加入乙醇后，静置24-48h。
溶剂置换：在硅源中含有金属离子的情况下，先用水洗去除金属离子，再使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。若硅源中不含有金属离子，使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。有机溶剂可以是乙醇、异丙 醇、正己烷的一种或混合。
改性：使用改性剂对溶剂置换后的凝胶进行改性处理。改性剂可以是TMCS/正已烷体系、三甲基氯硅烷/正己烷体系(体积比1：9)等，使用改性剂浸泡24-48h进行改性，改性后用正己烷洗涤。改性后的气凝胶具备疏水特性。改性温度是20-50℃。
干燥：干燥的方法可以是常温常压干燥、超临界干燥等。常温常压干燥的条件是，分别在60、80和120℃干燥2h，最后得白色二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，在在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡3天，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
硅微粉211二氧化钛镀膜方法如下。
二氧化钛前驱体制备：配方包括钛源、去离子水、酸、水解抑制剂、溶剂；钛源可以是钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四乙酯、钛酸四丙酯等钛酸酯中的至少一种。
含硅前驱体制备：配方包括硅源、酸性催化剂、溶剂、pH调节剂；硅源可以是正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸乙酯、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷等硅氧烷中的至少一种，或者二氧化钛粉末。含硅前驱体还可以包括聚丙二醇、环氧乙烷。
二氧化钛溶胶液制备：将二氧化钛前驱体与含硅前驱体混合制得二氧化钛溶胶。或者直接使用二氧化钛前驱体作为二氧化钛溶胶。
硅微粉211镀膜：将硅微粉211浸渍于二氧化钛溶胶中5-15min后取出，并至于400-600℃烘干。
在二氧化钛溶胶中加入含硅前驱体，其中的硅源可以更好的使得钛源/二氧化钛与硅微粉211表面结合。
实施例1
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，填料214包括二氧化硅气凝胶，二氧化硅气凝胶的制备方法如下。
制备氧化铝溶胶：水合氧化铝粉体(德国Condea公司产纯勃姆石粉)50g，300ml水，加入60ml的1.6mol/l硝酸，水解温度是85℃，2h，得到稳定的氧化铝溶胶。
制备氧化铝凝胶：向150ml氧化铝溶胶中加入5ml乙酰乙酸乙酯，得到氧化铝凝胶，并通过机械破碎的方式得到氧化铝凝胶颗粒。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸 1ml，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
二氧化硅凝胶包裹：将100g氧化铝凝胶颗粒加入300ml硅溶胶中，再加入1ml氨水，并将其浇筑至硅酸铝纤维预制件中后静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
表1二氧化硅气凝胶包裹氧化铝的颗粒绝热层B与常规二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
  绝热层B 绝热层A
温度(℃) 导热率(W/m·K) 导热率(W/m·K)
300 0.042 0.038
400 0.054 0.0490
500 0.058 0.061
600 0.062 ＞0.1
700 0.063 ＞0.1
800 0.065 ＞0.1
900 0.066 ＞0.1
实施例2
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，填料214包括二氧化硅气凝胶，二氧化硅气凝胶的制备方法如下。
溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。机械破碎制得的二氧化硅凝胶。
制备氧化铝溶胶：异丙醇铝30g，270ml水，加入0.1ml乙酰乙酸乙酯，将异丙醇铝水解，水解温度是75℃，水解时间3h，得到稳定的氧化铝溶胶。
氧化铝包裹：将破碎的二氧化硅凝50g分散混合至200ml制得的氧化铝溶胶中，并加入15g聚乙二醇使氧化铝溶胶凝胶化，并将其浇筑至硅酸铝纤维预制件中后静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的 情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
表2氧化铝包裹的二氧化硅绝热层颗粒绝热层C与常规二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
  绝热层C 绝热层A
温度(℃) 导热率(W/m·K) 导热率(W/m·K)
300 0.043 0.038
400 0.054 0.0490
500 0.058 0.061
600 0.064 ＞0.1
700 0.065 ＞0.1
800 0.068 ＞0.1
900 0.072 ＞0.1
1000 0.077 ＞0.1
1100 0.085 ＞0.1
实施例3
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，硅微粉20g，硅微粉211粒径为1000目，加入容器中搅拌，还可以增加超声分散步骤更好的分散硅微粉211，得到硅溶胶。搅拌或超声分散时间为30min-120min，优选的搅拌时间是60mi，优选的超声分散时间是30min。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
表3添加硅微粉二氧化硅气凝胶绝热层D与常规二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
Figure PCTCN2022088412-appb-000001
实施例4
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，硅微粉20g，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。机械破碎制得的二氧化硅凝胶。
制备氧化铝溶胶：异丙醇铝30g，270ml水，加入0.1ml乙酰乙酸乙酯，将异丙醇铝水解，水解温度是75℃，水解时间3h，得到稳定的氧化铝溶胶。
氧化铝包裹：将破碎的二氧化硅凝50g分散混合至200ml制得的氧化铝溶胶中，并加入15g聚乙二醇使氧化铝溶胶凝胶化，并将其浇筑至硅酸铝纤维预制件中后静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
表4添加硅微粉的被氧化铝包裹的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒绝热层E与常规二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
  绝热层E 绝热层A
温度(℃) 导热率(W/m·K) 导热率(W/m·K)
300 0.043 0.038
400 0.054 0.0490
500 0.058 0.061
600 0.064 ＞0.1
700 0.065 ＞0.1
800 0.068 ＞0.1
900 0.072 ＞0.1
1000 0.077 ＞0.1
1100 0.085 ＞0.1
实施例5
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
制备氧化铝溶胶：水合氧化铝粉体(德国Condea公司产纯勃姆石粉)50g，300ml水，加入60ml的1.6mol/l硝酸，水解温度是85℃，2h，得到稳定的氧化铝溶胶。
制备氧化铝凝胶：向150ml氧化铝溶胶中加入5ml乙酰乙酸乙酯，得到氧化铝凝胶，并通过机械破碎的方式得到氧化铝凝胶颗粒。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml、20g硅微粉211，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
二氧化硅凝胶包裹：将100g氧化铝凝胶颗粒加入300ml硅溶胶中，再加入1ml氨水，并将其浇筑至硅酸铝纤维预制件中后静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
表5添加硅微粉的二氧化硅气凝胶包裹氧化铝颗粒绝热层F与常规二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
  绝热层F 绝热层A
温度(℃) 导热率(W/m·K) 导热率(W/m·K)
300 0.042 0.038
400 0.054 0.0490
500 0.058 0.061
600 0.062 ＞0.1
700 0.063 ＞0.1
800 0.065 ＞0.1
900 0.066 ＞0.1
实施例6
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，硅微粉20g，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到气凝胶颗粒。
热压成型：将得到的气凝胶颗粒与纤维预制件放置于模具中，热压成型，热压温度300-400℃，热压时间30s。
这种方法生产效率高，可以使用预制完成的气凝胶颗粒以及预制完成的纤维预制件，可以根据需求分别配置溶胶凝胶、溶剂置换、干燥以及热压成型工艺的规模，解决了由于凝胶制备、溶剂置换、干燥的顺序生产需要长时间等待的问题，提高了生产效率。
实施例7
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，硅微粉20g，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
改性：使用三甲基氯硅烷/正己烷体系改性剂对凝胶浸泡24-48h进行改性，三甲基氯硅烷/正己烷体积比1：9，温度是40℃。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
通过改性可以改善气凝胶表面的吸水问题，使得气凝胶具备疏水功能，不会在使用过程中因吸水而导致内部气凝胶孔道的分子因水的表面张力而坍塌，导致隔热性能的下降。
实施例8
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，表面镀有二氧化钛镀膜的硅微粉20g，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
表6添加具有二氧化钛镀膜的硅微粉的绝热层G与常规二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
  绝热层G 绝热层A
温度(℃) 导热率(W/m·K) 导热率(W/m·K)
300 0.041 0.038
400 0.051 0.049
500 0.054 0.061
600 0.055 ＞0.1
700 0.062 ＞0.1
800 0.064 ＞0.1
900 0.069 ＞0.1
本发实施例要解决的技术问题是为了抑制高温情况下热辐射增强，加入二氧化钛遮光剂，但二氧化钛遮光剂会发生团聚的问题。采用加入表面镀有二氧化钛镀膜的硅微粉211。在解决二氧化钛团聚问题的同时，还可以抑制气凝胶材料高温收缩的问题。
实施例9
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，表面镀有二氧化钛镀膜的硅微粉20g，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。机械破碎制得的二氧化硅凝胶。
制备氧化铝溶胶：异丙醇铝30g，270ml水，加入0.1ml乙酰乙酸乙酯，将异丙醇铝水解，水解温度是75℃，水解时间3h，得到稳定的氧化铝溶胶。
氧化铝包裹：将破碎的二氧化硅凝50g分散混合至200ml制得的氧化铝溶胶中，并加入15g聚乙二醇使氧化铝溶胶凝胶化，并将其浇筑至硅酸铝纤维预制件中后静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
表7添加具有二氧化钛镀膜的硅微粉，以及颗粒为氧化铝包裹二氧化硅气凝胶的绝热层H与常规
二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
  绝热层H 绝热层A
温度(℃) 导热率(W/m·K) 导热率(W/m·K)
300 0.043 0.038
400 0.053 0.0490
500 0.057 0.061
600 0.060 ＞0.1
700 0.065 ＞0.1
800 0.067 ＞0.1
900 0.070 ＞0.1
1000 0.074 ＞0.1
1100 0.082 ＞0.1
实施例10
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，其制备方法如下。
二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，取正硅酸乙酯440ml、水72ml、乙醇720ml、盐酸1ml，表面镀有二氧化钛镀膜的硅微粉20g，加入容器中搅拌，得到硅溶胶。
凝胶制备：取500ml硅溶胶，加入1ml氨水，静置36h获得凝胶。
溶剂置换：使用乙醇溶剂进行溶剂置换。
改性：使用三甲基氯硅烷/正己烷体系改性剂对凝胶浸泡24-48h进行改性，三甲基氯硅烷/正己烷体积比1：9，温度是40℃。
干燥：在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。
本发实施例要解决的技术问题是为了抑制高温情况下热辐射增强，加入二氧化钛遮光剂，但二氧化钛遮光剂会发生团聚的问题。采用的手段加入表面镀有二氧化钛镀膜的硅微粉211。在解决二氧化钛团聚问题的同时，还可以抑制气凝胶材料高温收缩的问题。
实施例11
常规防排烟风管为了实现隔温、耐高温的性能，通常使用更厚的隔温材料，更高等级的耐火材料，阻断热量传递，从而达到隔温、耐高温的要求。发明人发现，防排烟风管的在紧急情况下，往往是局部受到高温影响，从而影响到其结构稳定性。防排烟的其余大部分位置，并没有达到设计极限而出现性能问题。因此发明人认为，可以使用导热而隔热、耐温的方法，将局部的高温扩散至防排烟风管其余的位置，降低局部的高温从而使得防排烟风管可以承受更高的温度。
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，热屏蔽层200包括绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230的至少一种。
导热层220可以是金属导热板，如铜、铝等高导热性能的金属材料；还可以是导热金属结构，如中空的导热夹层；还可以是设置有热管的装置的导热层220。
其中导热层220、热反射层230、绝热层210依次叠加构成热屏蔽层200。另外一种布置方式是热反射层230、导热层220、绝热层210依次叠加构成热屏蔽层200。绝热层210与金属管道100内壁和/或外壁贴合。
导热层220的形式包括硅胶散热膜、石墨散热膜、金属导热板、热管式导热板。金属导热板的材料可以是铜板、铝板。导热层220的形式还可以是具有导热结构的通道，如双层中空金属导 热板。导热层220的在800℃情况下的导热系数范围是20W/m·K-50W/m·K。
在防排烟风管设置导热层220可以强化防排烟风管的导热、散热性能，防止局部高温，可以避免内部的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒在高温如600℃以上融化，使得绝热层210在高温情况下仍能保维持结构稳定，满足防排烟风管的使用要求。
发明人还认为，可以在防排烟风管内部设置吸热层的方式降低局部高温，从而使得防排烟风管可以承受更高的温度。
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，热屏蔽层200包括绝热层210，热屏蔽层200还可以包括导热层220、热反射层230、吸热层的至少一种。
一种优选的方式是导热层220、热反射层230、吸热层、绝热层210依次叠加构成热屏蔽层200。其中导热层220、热反射层230、吸热层、绝热层210依次叠加构成热屏蔽层200。另外一种布置方式是热反射层230、吸热层、绝热层210依次叠加构成热屏蔽层200。绝热层210与金属管道100内壁和/或外壁贴合。
吸热层由储热材料构成，储热材料可以是相变材料、受热挥发材料等，还可以是预置的降温材料如预置水仓、预置二氧化碳仓等，在遇到高温时候可以释放装载的水、二氧化碳等降温载体，吸收热量。相变材料可以吸收热量并保持温度恒定，从而在局部有高温的情况下，吸收热量产生相变而温度不升高，进而保护绝热层210的气凝胶结构不坍塌，使得绝热层210维持隔热效果，从而使得整个热屏蔽层200在高温下仍能保持隔温效果。
相变材料为融盐类，熔融盐包括碳酸盐、氯化盐、氟化盐。
在防排烟风管设置吸热层可以降低防排烟风管的温度，防止局部高温，可以避免内部的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒在高温如600℃以上融化，使得气凝胶绝热达到使用要求。
绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230、吸热层通过粘合、热压的方式相互固定。热屏蔽层200外部还可以使用玻纤布、铝箔层包裹，防止填料214碎裂掉粉的现象发生。
实施例12
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，绝热层210包括枝晶310增强莫来石纤维二氧化硅气凝胶毡。由于硅酸铝可以在1200℃环境下长期使用，通过浸渍和冷冻干燥法在硅酸铝/莫来石纤维纤维表面原位生长出莫来石枝晶310，如图5所示。以莫来石纤维为骨架，结合真空浸渍法、溶胶凝胶工艺在莫来石纤维的基础上制备具有耐高温、低导热率的莫来石枝晶310增强二氧化硅气凝胶隔热材料。
硅铝枝连(枝晶310)结构：以陶瓷纤维300为骨架，骨架表面枝接陶瓷枝晶310；气凝胶包裹于陶瓷与陶瓷枝晶310表面，形成枝晶陶瓷纤维320气凝胶，气凝胶可以是二氧化硅气凝胶、 氧化铝气凝胶。其制备方法如下。
莫来石枝晶310制备：
(1)浸渍：将硅酸铝纤维毡浸入浸渍液中，浸渍液是硅溶胶。浸渍环境可以是低压、真空，浸渍的时间为15min。
(2)冷冻干燥：将浸渍硅溶胶的硅酸铝纤维毡进行冷冻处理，冷冻温度是-20℃，冷冻时间30摄氏度。
(3)重复操作：重复步骤(1)浸渍和(2)干燥步骤，第二次浸渍的浸渍液是AINO3溶液，第三次为NHAF溶液。三次浸渍的硅源、铝源、氟源的摩尔比例是1:3:12。
(4)热处理：完成三次浸渍及冷冻干燥后，将浸渍后的硅酸铝纤维毡放入高温烧结炉中进行热处理。热处理时，起始温度为50℃，先以2℃/min的升温速率升至200℃，然后以5℃/min的升温速率升至1200℃，保温2h，最后让烧结炉自然冷却至室温。
莫来石枝晶310增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡制备：
溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，还可以加入水解催化剂加速水解获得含硅溶胶。硅源包括硅酸钠、正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯等，水解催化剂包括盐酸、草酸、硝酸、硫酸等。溶胶中还可以加入遮光剂增强在高温情况下的隔温性能，遮光剂包括二氧化钛、炭黑、SiC、六钛酸钾、ZrO2等。
凝胶制备：加入凝胶催化剂使得含硅溶胶转变为凝胶。凝胶催化剂可以是氨水、二甲基甲酰胺等。加入凝胶催化剂后，静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以加入凝胶催化剂后，将其浇筑至纤维预制件中后静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以在加入凝胶催化剂后，再加入增强纤维以及纤维分散剂，并静置静置24-72h获得凝胶；增强纤维是枝晶310增强莫来石纤维；纤维分散剂可以是十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠等。
老化/陈化：加入乙醇后，静置24-48h。
溶剂置换：在硅源中含有金属离子的情况下，先用水洗去除金属离子，再使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。若硅源中不含有金属离子，使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。有机溶剂可以是乙醇、异丙醇、正己烷的一种或混合。
干燥：干燥的方法可以是常温常压干燥、超临界干燥等。常温常压干燥的条件是，分别在60、80和120℃干燥2h，最后得白色二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，在在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡3天，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到成品。凝胶时间需要大于36h，这样操作可以使得二氧化硅气凝 胶完全包覆莫来石纤维，增强莫来石纤维的疏水性能。
实施例13
为了在高温情况下具有较好的隔热性能，除了需要很低的导热系数外，还需要材料具备一定的厚度。然而在实际使用中，对于防排烟风管来说，只有在火灾等紧急情况下才会面对高温，并用到防排烟风管的优异隔热性能，并且对这些优异隔热性能的需求时一次性的。在平时的大部分情况下不需要如此优异的隔热耐温性能，且如果为了达到优异隔热耐温性能，保温层的厚度较大，占用空间，另外更多更厚的保温层也增加了制造成本。
为了降低厚度、减少空间占用，降低制造成本，在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，热屏蔽层200包括高温膨胀层260，以及绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230的至少一种。
高温膨胀层260包括高温发泡剂、多功能碳颗粒、稳定剂。高温发泡剂的发泡温度大于500℃，高温发泡剂是碳化硅粉末或颗粒。多功能碳颗粒可以是石墨、石墨烯。稳定剂是二氧化锰。高温膨胀层260的厚度是1-5mm，膨胀后的厚度是20-100mm。一种优选的方案是还包括气凝胶颗粒，以提升高温膨胀层260的隔热性能。气凝胶颗粒的添加的质量比例是3-5％。高温膨胀层260还可以包含减水剂，减水剂为三聚磷酸钠或六偏磷酸钠。
高温膨胀层260在遇到高温时候碳化硅会膨胀发泡，高温膨胀层260的厚度增加、导热率降低，同时内部添加的多功能碳颗粒在高温情况下兼具遮光剂的作用，减少高温情况下的热辐射，如图7所示。保护防排烟风管在高温情况下的结构稳定。多功能碳颗粒在高温膨胀层260未发泡情况下(500℃以下)，由于还处于紧密压合状态，其具有比较好的导热功能，可以快速分散热量，降低局部过热的情况。当温度超过500℃以上时，通过导热分散也无法使得整体温度低于排烟风管可耐受的温度时候，高温膨胀层260膨胀发泡，其中的多功能碳颗粒由于被分散不在紧密连接导热性能消失，高温膨胀层260由导热功能变为具有高温隔热性能的功能层。同时这些多功能碳颗粒在这种状况下，具有对红外线的吸收作用，起到了遮光剂的作用，进一步提高了高温状态下的隔热性能。
表8含高温膨胀层的热屏蔽层与常规二氧化硅绝热层A参数表
  含高温膨胀层的热屏蔽层 绝热层A
温度(℃) 导热率(W/m·K) 导热率(W/m·K)
300 0.039 0.038
400 0.048 0.0490
500 0.054 0.061
600 0.058 ＞0.1
700 0.062 ＞0.1
800 0.041 ＞0.1
900 0.049 ＞0.1
1000 0.052 ＞0.1
1100 0.063 ＞0.1
1200 0.067 ＞0.1
实施例14
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种防排烟风管，防排烟风管包括金属管道100，金属管道100内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层200，热屏蔽层200包括绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230的至少一种。
绝热层210包含骨架、填料214。填料214包括气凝胶和耐高温添加剂213。气凝胶包括二氧化硅气凝胶、硅酸铝气凝胶的至少一种。气凝胶包含二氧化硅材料、硅酸铝。骨架由纤维材料制成，纤维材料可以是氧化铝纤维、玻璃纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维的至少一种。二氧化硅气凝胶可以是二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒形式填充于骨架中；还可以是一体成型的方式，填充于骨架中。气凝胶中还可以添加硅微粉211作为抗收缩添加剂，减少高温情况下的气凝胶收缩问题。
耐高温保护层250覆盖于绝热层210表面，或者包裹绝热层210，如图4所示。耐高温保护层250可以是氧化铝、硅酸铝等耐热材料。绝热层210通过将二氧化硅气凝胶毡浸渍含铝浆料，并经过高温烘干后得到具有氧化铝耐温外壳的二氧化硅气凝胶毡
耐高温添加剂213包覆后的气凝胶颗粒的导热系数范围是0.01W/m·K-0.2W/m·K，耐高温添加剂213包覆后的二氧化硅气凝胶的起始融化温度是1000℃。绝热层210的导热系数是0.01W/m·K-0.1W/m·K。耐高温添加剂213包覆后的二氧化硅气凝胶粒径范围是10μm-900μm。耐高温添加剂213包覆层的厚度范围是5μm-500μm。
绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230通过粘合、热压的方式相互固定。热屏蔽层200外部还可以使用玻纤布、铝箔层、聚合物薄膜包裹，防止填料214碎裂掉粉的现象发生，同时还可以防潮疏水。
绝热层210覆盖耐高温保护层250的方法是：
耐高温浆料制备：将氢氧化铝、陶瓷纤维300、水按照一定比例混合制成浆料。或者还可以将铝盐、陶瓷纤维300、水按照一定比例混合后，调节酸碱度生成含有氢氧化铝的浆料。
耐高温浆料涂覆：将绝热层210浸渍至耐高温浆料中。
耐高温保护层250干燥：将经过耐高温浆料浸渍的绝热层210加热进行高温处理，烘干浆料制得含有耐高温保护层250的绝热层210。
疏水性处理：在绝热层210外部包裹疏水材料，疏水材料可以是聚合物包膜、疏喷剂等。
绝热层210覆盖耐高温保护层250后，可以避免内部的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒在高温如600℃以上融化，使得耐高温绝热层210在高温情况下仍能维持隔温效果，满足防排烟风管的使用要求。
实施例15
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种绝热层210，绝热层210包含骨架、填料214。填料214包括气凝胶和耐高温添加剂213。气凝胶包括二氧化硅气凝胶、硅酸铝气凝胶的至少一种。骨架由纤维材料制成，纤维材料可以是陶瓷纤维300、玻璃纤维的至少一种。二氧化硅气凝胶可以是二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒形式填充于骨架中；还可以是一体成型的方式，填充于骨架中。
填料214是二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒的形式，二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒表面经过耐高温保护层250包裹，耐高温保护层250可以是氧化铝、硅酸铝等耐热材料。
二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒表面经过耐高温保护层250包裹的一种方法(有机醇铝法)是：
(1)制备(氢)氧化铝溶胶：先将含有机铝先驱体在水中将其分散水解，还可以添加水解催化剂加强水解反应。含铝先驱体包括异丙醇铝、仲丁醇铝的至少一种。水解催化剂包括硝酸、乙酰乙酸乙酯、盐酸等。水解温度是60℃-90℃。水解时间3-4h。
(2)耐高温保护层250包裹：将二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒分散混合至(氢)氧化铝溶胶中，并加入凝胶催化剂使得(氢)氧化铝溶胶凝胶化。所述凝胶催化剂可以是环氧丙烷、冰醋酸、乙酰乙酸乙酯、乙酰丙酮、碱等。还可以加入甲醇调节耐高温保护层250的气凝胶密度。
(3)干燥：通过高温、常压、超临界等干燥的方式，将包裹了耐高温保护层250的二氧化硅颗粒进行干燥。
二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒表面经过耐高温保护层250包裹的一种方法(无机铝盐法)是：
(1)制备(氢)氧化铝溶胶：先在碱性条件下使铝盐水解，待完全水解生成沉淀后离心分离或蒸发水分，将沉淀物洗涤去除阴离子，加胶溶剂使沉淀物胶溶，控制溶胶pH值，可形成稳定的澄清透明的(氢)氧化铝溶胶。所述铝盐包括六水氯化铝、九水硝酸铝、硫酸铝胺等。所述的碱性条件可以通过氨水等碱性物质的获得。
(2)耐高温保护层250包裹：将二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒分散混合至(氢)氧化铝溶胶中，并加入凝胶网络诱导剂使得(氢)氧化铝溶胶凝胶化，凝胶网络诱导剂包括聚乙二醇。
(3)干燥：通过高温、常压、超临界等干燥的方式，将包裹了耐高温保护层250的二氧化硅颗粒进行干燥。
二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒表面经过耐高温保护层250包裹的一种方法(粉体分散法)是：
(1)制备(氢)氧化铝溶胶：应用粉体分散法(或物理化学粉法)，以水合氧化铝粉体如SB粉(德国Condea公司产纯勃姆石粉体)、PB粉(拟薄水铝石)为先驱体，将其分散在介质中形成悬浮液，介质可以是水，加入胶溶剂借助物理化学反应使固体粒子分散变小成(氢)氧化铝溶胶粒子。悬浮液所述温度是85℃。溶胶剂包括硝酸、盐酸，酸的浓度可以是1.6mol/L。酸铝比为(H+/Al)＝0.09。
(2)耐高温保护层250包裹：将二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒分散混合至(氢)氧化铝溶胶中，并加 入凝胶网络诱导剂使得(氢)氧化铝溶胶凝胶化，凝胶网络诱导剂包括聚乙二醇。凝胶化的时间至少5h，温度60-90℃
(3)干燥：通过高温、常压、超临界等干燥的方式，将包裹了耐高温保护层250的二氧化硅颗粒进行干燥。
二氧化硅颗粒经过耐高温保护层250处理后，可以避免内部的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒在高温如600℃以上融化，使得耐高温绝热层210在高温情况下仍能位置隔温效果，满足防排烟风管的使用要求。
实施例16
在本发明所涉及的一个技术方案中，提供一种填料214，填料214包括二氧化硅气凝胶，二氧化硅气凝胶的制备方法如下。
溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇混合，还可以加入水解催化剂加速水解获得含硅溶胶。硅源包括硅酸钠、正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯等，水解催化剂包括盐酸、草酸、硝酸、硫酸等。溶胶中还可以加入遮光剂增强在高温情况下的隔温性能，遮光剂包括二氧化钛、炭黑、SiC、六钛酸钾、ZrO2等。
凝胶制备：加入凝胶催化剂使得含硅溶胶转变为凝胶。凝胶催化剂可以是氨水、二甲基甲酰胺等。加入凝胶催化剂后，静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以加入凝胶催化剂后，将其浇筑至纤维预制件中后静置24-72h获得凝胶。还可以在加入凝胶催化剂后，再加入增强纤维以及纤维分散剂，并静置静置24-72h获得凝胶；增强纤维可以是水镁石纤维、陶瓷纤维300、玻璃纤维、石英纤维；纤维分散剂可以是十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠等。
老化/陈化：加入乙醇后，静置24-48h。
溶剂置换：在硅源中含有金属离子的情况下，先用水洗去除金属离子，再使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。若硅源中不含有金属离子，使用有机溶剂进行溶剂置换。有机溶剂可以是乙醇、异丙醇、正己烷的一种或混合。
改性：使用改性剂对溶剂置换后的凝胶进行改性处理。改性剂可以是TMCS/正已烷体系、三甲基氯硅烷/正己烷体系(体积比1：9)等，使用改性剂浸泡24-48h进行改性，改性后用正己烷洗涤。改性后的气凝胶具备疏水特性。改性温度是20-50℃。
干燥：干燥的方法可以是常温常压干燥、超临界干燥等。常温常压干燥的条件是，分别在60、80和120℃干燥2h，最后得白色二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，在在5℃，5.5MPa下用液态二氧化碳浸泡3天，并放出置换出的乙醇；然后升温至35℃，10.5MPa并保持3h，然后以0.5MPa/h的速度缓慢泄压至常压，即得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，升温至超过240℃，压力超过8Mpa后，缓慢泄压，得到气凝胶块体。在溶剂是乙醇的情况下，按预设程序升温升压至临界点后，在恒定温度状态下，以缓慢的速度释放反应釜内部的流体，直至内外压力平 衡。随后当温度降至室温时，得到常规二氧化硅气凝胶绝热层A。
实施例17
本快速连接固定的便于安装的防排烟风管结构，要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷，提供一种快速连接固定的便于安装的风管结构，并且方便风管的安装和拆卸，可实现两个风管之间的快速连接，提高了工作效率，同时保证了风管的防排烟密闭性及耐火性能不会下降，实用性较强，可有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的提供如下技术方案：
一种具有可用于快速连接固定结构的防排烟风管，风管通过风管单元拼接而成。
每个风管单元的主体结构如图1所示，包括金属管道、与金属管道内壁贴合的内壁热屏蔽层200，与金属管道外壁贴合的外壁热屏蔽层200，以及外壁热屏蔽层200外侧相贴合的耐火密封胶130。其中，所述内壁热屏蔽层200、金属管道、外壁热屏蔽层200、外侧耐火密封胶130依次覆盖连接，连接方式可以为铆钉固定、粘连等常见的物理或化学连接方法。内壁热屏蔽层200与外壁热屏蔽层200可由绝热层210、导热层220、热反射层230中的单层或多层构成。此外，为使风管单元间能够紧密相连，实现密闭、隔热、防止热桥的功能，每个风管单元的两端分别设有延伸层与接收区域。
优选的，金属管道为彩钢板
优选的，金属管道表面涂覆有抗菌涂层，形成抗菌金属管道101。
其中延伸层是指在一个风管单元的一端，沿平行于管壁方向从主体结构向外延伸的结构层。接收区域是指在风管单元上延伸层的另一端，为与另一个风管单元延伸层相连接所预留的区域，当两个风管单元相连接时，应为有延伸层的一端与有接收区域的一端相连接，连接后，两个风管单元在连接处可以紧密贴合，并在连接处通过连接组件固定。视延伸层的结构，在有接收区域的一端，风管单元的结构可以根据延伸层的结构进行单层或多层的延伸，以便于在风管单元间连接时可与延伸层贴合，该部分在接收端进行延伸的结构，定义为延伸接收层。
优选的，有两个待连接的风管单元，两个风管的结构相同，结构均包括风管单元主体、延伸层与接收区域，不包括延伸接收层。其中风管单元主体由金属管道100、金属管道100内壁热屏蔽层200和金属管道100外壁热屏蔽层200构成，延伸层由外壁热屏蔽层200沿平行于管壁方向进行向外延伸构成，延伸层沿平行于管壁方向的延伸长度与接收区域沿平行于管壁方向的预留宽度相同。
连接方式为：一个风管单元有延伸层的一端与另一个风管单元有接收区域的一端相连接，且两个风管单元的金属管道100相接触，所延伸出的外壁热屏蔽层200相接触，一个风管单元有延伸层的一端所延伸出的外壁热屏蔽层200，覆盖另一个风管单元有接收区域的一端的金属管道100。 连接后，两个风管单元贴合紧密，并通过连接组件固定。
优选的，上述连接组件包括：金属或其他耐高温材料制成的环绕式固定箍120、螺栓121、螺母121。其中环绕式固定箍120还包括限位孔，环绕式固定箍120的宽度不小于风管延伸出的外壁热屏蔽层200及的长度。
一种防排烟风管包括前风管140和后风管150，前风管140一端可拆卸连接有后风管150。
进一步地，防排烟风管还包括安装座160、定位杆161和定位筒162，安装座160对称设于前风管140和后风管150的侧面，所述定位杆161和定位筒162对应设于两侧安装座160的相对侧面，且定位杆161和定位筒162滑动配合。
进一步地，前风管和后风管之间设有第一连接组件和第二连接组件；第一连接组件包括限位孔、导孔、限位杆和螺帽，所述限位孔贯穿竖槽的上下两端，所述导孔贯穿竖方杆的上下两端，且导孔与限位孔对应，所述限位杆与导孔对应配合，所述螺帽螺纹连接在限位杆的顶端。
两个风管单元连接后的固定方式可以为：环绕式固定箍120覆盖住两个风管单元金属管道100与热屏蔽层200连接的缝隙，螺栓121穿过相应的限位孔，并用螺母121旋紧固定。
风管可以是矩形的，风管长边边长b≤500mm，支吊架间距d≤2800mm；500mm≤风管长边边长b≤1000mm，支吊架间距d≤2400mm；1000mm≤风管长边边长b≤2000mm，支吊架间距d≤1400。
矩形风管尺寸可以是120mm、160mm、200mm、250mm、320mm、400mm、500mm、630mm、800mm、1000mm、1250mm、1600mm、2000mm、2500mm、3000mm、3500mm、4000mm。
优选的，两个待连接的风管单元在两端分别设有用于连接的角钢法兰110结构，法兰由金属或其他耐高温材料制成，当两个风管单元连接后，位于两个风管单元连接缝两侧的两个角钢法兰110结构可以紧密贴合，并通过连接组件固定。
优选的，上述连接组件包括：金属或其他耐高温材料制成的多个螺栓121及螺母121。连接方式为螺母121穿过相应的角钢法兰110上的限位孔，并通过螺栓121固定锁紧。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，各个可选的技术特征，均可以被以任意合理的方式结合于与其他实施例中，各个实施例之间、各个标题下的内容也可以发生任意的合理组合。每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其，对于系统实施例而言，由于其基本相似于方法实施例，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
虽然以上描述了本申请的具体实施方式，但本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本申请的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域技术人员在不背离本申请的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本申请的保护范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种耐高温防排烟风管，包括金属管道，所述金属管道的内壁和/或外壁设置有热屏蔽层，其特征在于，所述热屏蔽层包括绝热层；所述绝热层包括骨架、填料、抗收缩添加剂，所述抗收缩添加剂包括硅微粉，所述绝热层与所述金属管道的内壁和/或外壁贴合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述填料的结构包括外部包裹二氧化硅气凝胶层的氧化铝颗粒、外部包括二氧化硅气凝胶层的硅酸铝颗粒、外部包裹氧化铝保护层的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述氧化铝保护层的厚度范围是1μm-500μm。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述二氧化硅气凝胶包裹层的厚度范围是0.5μm-250μm。
  5. 根据权利要求2或4所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述硅微粉的粒径是1000-3000目。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述硅微粉的添加量是1％-15％。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述硅微粉的表面覆有二氧化钛膜。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述二氧化钛是氮掺杂或者氟掺杂的二氧化钛。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述热屏蔽层还包括导热层、吸热层、热反射层的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述热屏蔽层还包括高温膨胀层，所述高温膨胀层位于相对于金属内壁和/或外壁的最外侧。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述高温膨胀层包含高温发泡剂、多功能碳颗粒和稳定剂。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述高温发泡剂的发泡温度大于500℃，所述高温发泡剂是碳化硅粉末或颗粒。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述多功能碳颗粒可以是石墨、石墨烯；所述稳定剂是二氧化锰。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述绝热层包括遮光剂，所述遮光剂包括二氧化钛粉、石墨粉。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述填料的粒径范围是10μm-900μm。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述导热层的导热系数范围是20W/m·K-50W/m·K。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述导热层的形式包括硅胶散热膜、石墨散热膜、金属导热板、热管式导热板。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述金属导热板的材料可以是铜板、铝板，所述导热层是具有导热结构通道，所述导热结构通道是双层中空金属导热板。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述吸热层是相变材料，所述相变材料的相变温度是800℃或1000℃或1200℃。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述相变材料是熔融盐，所述熔融盐包括碳酸盐、氯化盐、氟化盐。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述绝热层的挠曲模量≥6000psi，25℃；≥4000psi，800℃。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述绝热层的生产方法包括：
    S100：二氧化硅溶胶制备：将硅源、水、醇、硅微粉混合并搅拌，得到二氧化硅溶胶，搅拌时间为60min；
    S200：二氧化硅凝胶制备：向制得的二氧化硅溶胶中加入碱，调节ph值后静置，二氧化硅凝胶；
    S300：溶剂置换：使用乙醇对二氧化硅凝胶进行溶剂置换；
    S400：干燥：使用常温常压干燥或超临界干燥方式对溶剂置换后的二氧化硅凝胶进行干燥。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述热屏蔽层与所述金属管道的内壁和/或外壁通过耐火密封胶贴合。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的耐高温防排烟风管，其特征在于，所述金属管道的内壁和/或外壁涂有抗菌涂层。
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JP2020190340A (ja) * 2019-05-20 2020-11-26 三立化工株式会社 建築物の通気ダクト用断熱壁材及びその製造方法
CN110566726A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-12-13 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 一种防火保温一体复合风管
CN110726011A (zh) * 2019-10-24 2020-01-24 广东康道地铁通风设备有限公司 一种防排烟耐火保温通风管道
CN113968052A (zh) * 2020-07-24 2022-01-25 欧文斯科宁知识产权资产有限公司 一种绝热板材、制造绝热板材的方法、防排烟风管以及建筑构造
CN214368297U (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-10-08 江西友信窑炉材料工程有限公司 一种方便施工的耐火绝热环保通风管道

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