WO2023199722A1 - 酸化物半導体膜、薄膜トランジスタ、スパッタリングターゲット及び酸化物焼結体 - Google Patents
酸化物半導体膜、薄膜トランジスタ、スパッタリングターゲット及び酸化物焼結体 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxide semiconductor film, a thin film transistor, a sputtering target, and an oxide sintered body.
- TFTs Thin film transistors
- organic EL Electro-Luminescence
- a top gate type stagger type
- a bottom gate type inverted stagger type
- this thin film transistor In addition to high carrier mobility, this thin film transistor is required to have stability that is independent of environmental temperature. In particular, in recent years, as they are sometimes used for in-vehicle displays, stability in harsher environments than before has been required.
- An amorphous oxide semiconductor film is used as a semiconductor film constituting this thin film transistor.
- Amorphous oxide semiconductors can improve carrier mobility compared to general-purpose amorphous silicon. Furthermore, amorphous oxide semiconductors have a large optical band gap and can be formed at low temperatures. Therefore, amorphous oxide semiconductors are expected to be applied to, for example, next-generation displays that require large size, high resolution, and high-speed driving, and resin substrates with low heat resistance (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). .
- Patent Document 1 describes an In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) amorphous oxide semiconductor composed of In, Ga, Zn, and O.
- IGZO In-Ga-Zn-O
- the carrier mobility of a TFT using this IGZO amorphous oxide semiconductor is 10 cm 2 /Vs or less.
- Patent Document 2 describes a high mobility oxide that does not contain Ga.
- Patent Document 2 does not describe stability against environmental temperatures.
- X is defined in a wide range, and even within the above range, there are some that have low mobility or insufficient heat resistance, etc. It is hard to say that the composition has been studied.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an oxide semiconductor film that can improve both carrier mobility and stability against environmental temperature of a thin film transistor.
- An oxide semiconductor film according to one embodiment of the present invention is an oxide semiconductor film used for a thin film transistor, and includes In and Zn as metal elements, and element X that is either La or Nd, and contains all metals.
- the contents of In, Zn, and X in the elements are In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and X: 0.0001 atm% or more and 2 atm% or less.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to one embodiment of the present invention can improve both carrier mobility and stability against environmental temperature of a thin film transistor.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a top-gate thin film transistor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing a method for manufacturing an oxide sintered body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing a method for manufacturing a sputtering target according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measurement results of the static characteristics (Id-Vg characteristics) of the top gate thin film transistor No. 4.
- FIG. FIG. 13 is a graph showing measurement results of static characteristics (Id-Vg characteristics) of No. 13 top-gate thin film transistors.
- FIG. This is a backscattered electron image of No. 14 oxide sintered body.
- FIG. 14 is a backscattered electron image of No. 14 oxide sintered body.
- FIG. 14 shows No.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the relative density of the oxide sintered body and the sintering temperature.
- FIG. 16 shows No. This is a backscattered electron image of No. 18 oxide sintered body.
- FIG. 17 shows No. This is an analysis result of the X-ray diffraction spectrum of No. 18 oxide sintered body.
- An oxide semiconductor film according to one embodiment of the present invention is an oxide semiconductor film used for a thin film transistor, and includes In and Zn as metal elements, and element X that is either La or Nd, and contains all metals.
- the contents of In, Zn, and X in the elements are In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and X: 0.0001 atm% or more and 2 atm% or less.
- Patent Document 2 describes In and Zn, Zr, Hf, Ge, Si, Ti, Mn, W, Mo, V, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Nb, Al, B, Sc, Y and one or more elements X selected from the group consisting of lanthanoids (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). It is stated that in a field effect transistor comprising a semiconductor layer made of . On the other hand, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that there are differences in environmental temperature resistance depending on the type of X.
- the present inventors have found that La and Nd are elements X that can achieve both improved carrier mobility and environmental temperature resistance. According to the knowledge of the present inventors, the oxide semiconductor film can be formed by controlling the content of the above In, the above Zn, and the element X, which is either La or Nd, within the above range. , it is possible to improve both the carrier mobility and the stability against environmental temperature of the thin film transistor.
- the content of In and Zn in all metal elements is preferably In: 55 atm% or more and 80 atm% or less, and Zn: 20 atm% or more and 50 atm% or less. In this way, when the contents of In and Zn in all metal elements are within the above ranges, optimization of the carrier mobility and threshold voltage of the thin film transistor can be promoted.
- the metal element further includes element Y, which is either Sn or Ge, and the content of Y in all the metal elements is Y: 0.0001 atm% or more and 4 atm% or less.
- the optical band gap can be increased by further including element Y, which is either Sn or Ge, as a metal element, and by setting the content of Y in all metal elements within the above range.
- the characteristics as a high mobility material having high carrier density can be stabilized, and the threshold voltage of the thin film transistor can be optimized and stability against environmental temperature can be improved.
- the content of the above element Y in all metal elements is more preferably Y: more than 1 atm% and 2 atm% or less. In this way, when the content of the element Y in all metal elements is within the above range, it is possible to optimize the threshold voltage of the thin film transistor and further improve stability against environmental temperature.
- a thin film transistor according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the oxide semiconductor film.
- the thin film transistor includes the oxide semiconductor film, it has high carrier mobility and excellent stability against environmental temperature.
- a sputtering target according to still another embodiment of the present invention is a sputtering target for forming an oxide semiconductor film used in a thin film transistor, and the metal element is In, Zn, La, or Nd.
- the content of In, Zn, and X in all metal elements is In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and X: 0.0001 atm% or more and 2 atm% or less. It is as follows.
- a sputtering target is a sputtering target for forming an oxide semiconductor film used in a thin film transistor, and the sputtering target includes one of In and Zn, La and Nd as a metal element.
- the content of In and Zn in all metal elements is In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and In oxide crystal phase, ZnIn oxidation
- the ZnIn oxide crystal phase has a composition of Zn 3 In 2 O 6 and/or Zn 4 In 2 O 7 .
- the sputtering target can produce an oxide semiconductor film that can improve both the carrier mobility and stability against environmental temperature of a thin film transistor.
- An oxide sintered body according to still another embodiment of the present invention is an oxide sintered body for forming an oxide semiconductor film used in a thin film transistor, and includes In and Zn, La and an In oxide crystal containing an element
- the composition of the ZnIn oxide crystal phase is Zn 3 In 2 O 6 and/or Zn 4 In 2 O 7 .
- the oxide sintered body can be used to manufacture an oxide semiconductor film that can improve both carrier mobility and stability against environmental temperature of a thin film transistor.
- the oxide semiconductor film is used for a thin film transistor.
- the oxide semiconductor film contains In (indium) and Zn (zinc) as metal elements, and element X that is either La (lanthanum) or Nd (neodymium).
- element X that is either La (lanthanum) or Nd (neodymium).
- the content of In, Zn, and X in all metal elements is In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and X: 0.0001 atm% or more and 2 atm% or less. % or less.
- the oxide semiconductor film can be used for either a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type thin film transistor, but for example, an oxide semiconductor film, a gate insulating film, and a gate electrode may be formed on one side of the substrate. It can be suitably used for a top gate type thin film transistor provided in this order. More specifically, the oxide semiconductor film is stacked directly on the substrate or indirectly via a buffer layer or the like. Further, a gate electrode is disposed in the oxide semiconductor film with a gate insulating film interposed therebetween. Furthermore, a conductive region (S/D region) is provided in the oxide semiconductor film, and a protective film and source/drain electrodes are arranged in this S/D region.
- S/D region conductive region
- (In) In is an element that contributes to improving electrical conductivity (electrical conductivity). As the In content increases, the conductivity of the oxide semiconductor film improves, and the carrier density and carrier mobility improve.
- the lower limit of the In content in all metal elements is 30 atm%, preferably 50 atm%, and more preferably 55 atm%.
- the upper limit of the In content in all metal elements is 90 atm% as described above, preferably 80 atm%, and more preferably 78 atm%. If the In content is less than the above lower limit, carrier mobility may not be sufficiently obtained. Conversely, if the In content exceeds the above upper limit, the device characteristics may become unstable, the threshold voltage may take a large negative value, or the heat resistance may become insufficient.
- (Zn) Zn is an element that affects the processing characteristics of the oxide semiconductor film.
- the lower limit of the Zn content in all metal elements is 9 atm%, preferably 10 atm%, and more preferably 20 atm%.
- the upper limit of the Zn content in all metal elements is 70 atm% as described above, preferably 65 atm%, and more preferably 50 atm%. If the Zn content is less than the above lower limit, the In content will become relatively too large, resulting in unstable device characteristics, the threshold voltage may take a large negative value, and heat resistance may deteriorate. There is a possibility that it will be sufficient. On the other hand, when the Zn content exceeds the above upper limit, partial crystallization occurs, which may make it difficult to ensure the uniformity of the oxide semiconductor film.
- the oxide semiconductor film contains either La or Nd as the element X.
- the present inventors have discovered that it is preferable to include either La or Nd as the element X for increasing stability against environmental temperatures.
- the lower limit of the content of X in all metal elements is 0.0001 atm%, preferably 0.1 atm%.
- the upper limit of the content of X in all metal elements is 2 atm%, preferably 1.6 atm%, as described above.
- the content of X is less than the above-mentioned lower limit, there is a possibility that stability against environmental temperature cannot be sufficiently improved. On the other hand, if the content of X exceeds the above upper limit, the carrier density may become insufficient and it may be difficult to achieve high mobility as a thin film transistor.
- the oxide semiconductor film may contain only one of La and Nd as the element X, or may contain both La and Nd.
- each of La and Nd may be contained within the above range, or only one of La and Nd may be contained within the above range. It's okay.
- both La and Nd are included as element X, it is particularly preferable that the total content of La and Nd is within the above range.
- the oxide semiconductor film may further contain element Y, which is either Sn (tin) or Ge (germanium), as a metal element.
- element Y which is either Sn (tin) or Ge (germanium), as a metal element.
- the oxide semiconductor film contains element Y, the optical band gap can be increased.
- the lower limit of the content of Y in all metal elements is preferably 0.0001 atm%, more preferably 0.1 atm%, and even more preferably more than 1 atm%.
- the upper limit of the content of Y in all metal elements is preferably 4 atm%, more preferably 2 atm%.
- the content of Y is less than the above lower limit, there is a possibility that the optical band gap cannot be made sufficiently large.
- the content of Y exceeds the above upper limit, the carrier density may become insufficient and it may be difficult to achieve high mobility as a thin film transistor.
- the oxide semiconductor film may contain only one of Sn and Ge as the element Y, or may contain both Sn and Ge.
- each of Sn and Ge may be contained within the above range, or only one of Sn and Ge may be contained within the above range. It's okay.
- both Sn and Ge are included as element Y, it is particularly preferable that the total content of Sn and Ge is within the above range.
- elements other than the above are O (oxygen) and inevitable impurities.
- Unavoidable impurities may be contained due to raw materials, materials, manufacturing equipment, etc.
- the unavoidable impurities include Al, Pb, Si, Fe, Ni, Ti, Mg, Cr and Zr.
- the content of unavoidable impurities in the oxide semiconductor film is preferably 1% by mass or less for each element, more preferably 500 ppm by mass or less. Note that in this structure, the content of In, Zn, X, and Y in the oxide semiconductor film can also be said to be the proportion of all elements except O.
- the average thickness of the oxide semiconductor film can be determined based on the conditions under which the drain current can be turned off when used as a switching element.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the oxide semiconductor film is preferably 10 nm, more preferably 15 nm.
- the upper limit of the average thickness is preferably 60 nm, more preferably 50 nm.
- average thickness means the average value of the thickness of arbitrary five points.
- the oxide semiconductor film preferably has an amorphous structure or an amorphous structure in which at least a portion of the oxide semiconductor film is crystallized. That is, the oxide forming the oxide semiconductor film is preferably amorphous or at least partially crystallized amorphous. Even when the oxide semiconductor film has such a structure, carrier mobility can be sufficiently increased compared to general-purpose amorphous silicon. Moreover, by having such a configuration, the optical bandgap can be easily and reliably increased.
- amorphous structure can be obtained from the oxide semiconductor film by, for example, controlling the gas pressure within a range of 1 mTorr or more and 5 mTorr or less, and performing surface treatment with plasma or reducing gas after film formation.
- amorphous means that a clear diffraction peak derived from crystals does not appear, and can be measured using an X-ray diffraction device or the like.
- the upper limit of the sheet resistance of the oxide semiconductor film is preferably 1.0 k ⁇ / ⁇ , more preferably 0.5 k ⁇ / ⁇ .
- a region (S/D region) between a source/drain electrode and a channel portion in the oxide semiconductor film is made conductive.
- the S/D region can be made conductive easily and reliably.
- the sheet resistance of a typical IGZO oxide semiconductor film is often more than 1.0 k ⁇ / ⁇ . In such conventional oxide semiconductor films, when a thermal process is applied in the manufacturing process of a thin film transistor, the sheet resistance tends to increase significantly.
- the oxide semiconductor film generally becomes a conductor due to defects in constituent elements.
- the sheet resistance may be a value measured using a four-probe resistance measuring device.
- Patent Document 2 describes In and Zn, Zr, Hf, Ge, Si, Ti, Mn, W, Mo, V, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Nb, Al, B, Sc, Y and one or more elements X selected from the group consisting of lanthanoids (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). It is stated that in a field effect transistor comprising a semiconductor layer made of . On the other hand, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that there are differences in environmental temperature resistance depending on the type of X.
- the present inventors have found that La and Nd are elements X that can achieve both improved carrier mobility and environmental temperature resistance. According to the knowledge of the present inventors, the oxide semiconductor film can be formed by controlling the content of the above In, the above Zn, and the element X, which is either La or Nd, within the above range. , it is possible to improve both the carrier mobility and the stability against environmental temperature of the thin film transistor.
- FIG. 1 shows a top-gate thin film transistor 10 (hereinafter also simply referred to as "thin film transistor 10") as an example of a thin film transistor including the above-described oxide semiconductor film.
- the thin film transistor 10 includes the oxide semiconductor film 1 having the above-described configuration. More specifically, the thin film transistor 10 includes a substrate 2, a buffer layer 3 laminated on the substrate 2, an oxide semiconductor film 1 laminated on the buffer layer 3, and a layer laminated on the oxide semiconductor film 1. a gate insulating film 4 that is laminated on the gate insulating film 4, a gate electrode 5 that is laminated on the gate insulating film 4, a source/drain electrode 6 and a protective film that are laminated on the conductive S/D region of the oxide semiconductor film 1. 7.
- the thin film transistor 10 is placed in a display such as an organic EL display.
- the substrate 2 examples include, but are not limited to, a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, and the like. Examples of the glass used for the glass substrate include alkali-free glass, high strain point glass, soda lime glass, and the like. Further, as the substrate 2, a metal substrate such as a stainless steel thin film or a resin substrate such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film can also be used.
- a metal substrate such as a stainless steel thin film or a resin substrate such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film can also be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the average thickness of the substrate 2 is preferably 0.001 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the viewpoint of workability. Further, the size and shape of the substrate 2 can be set depending on the size of the display and the like.
- buffer layer As the buffer layer 3, for example, a silicon oxide film can be used.
- the buffer layer 3 can be formed by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, or the like. Note that the buffer layer 3 is provided to improve the adhesion between the substrate 2 and the oxide semiconductor film 1 and to suppress diffusion of impurities from the substrate 2 to the oxide semiconductor film 1. This layer is not essential for operation and can be omitted.
- the oxide semiconductor film 1 is formed by, for example, a sputtering method using a sputtering target.
- the sputtering target for forming the oxide semiconductor film 1 is itself an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sputtering target can be formed using an oxide sintered body, which is itself an embodiment of the present invention.
- pre-annealing treatment pre-annealing treatment
- the oxide sintered body according to one embodiment of the present invention contains In and Zn as metal elements, and element X which is either La or Nd, and the above-mentioned In, the above-mentioned Zn, and the above-mentioned X in the whole metal elements are
- the content is In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and X: 0.0001 atm% or more and 2 atm% or less.
- the oxide sintered body according to another embodiment of the present invention contains In and Zn as metal elements, and element X which is either La or Nd, and the above-mentioned In and the above-mentioned Zn among all the metal elements.
- the content of In 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and has an In oxide crystal phase, a ZnIn oxide crystal phase, and a XIn oxide crystal phase, and the above-mentioned ZnIn oxide
- the composition of the solid crystal phase is Zn 3 In 2 O 6 and/or Zn 4 In 2 O 7 .
- the ZnIn oxide crystal phase has a Zn 3 In 2 O 6 crystal phase and/or a Zn 4 In 2 O 7 crystal phase as a main component.
- the ZnIn oxide crystal phase may have both a Zn 3 In 2 O 6 crystal phase and a Zn 4 In 2 O 7 crystal phase, or may have only one of them.
- Examples of the composition of the In oxide crystal phase include In 2 O 3 .
- Examples of the composition of the XIn oxide crystal phase include XInO 3 .
- a lamellar pattern (a striped pattern or a mottled pattern) may be formed in the ZnIn oxide crystal phase.
- the oxide sintered body may further contain element Y, which is either Sn or Ge, as a metal element.
- element Y which is either Sn or Ge
- Elements other than the above (In, Zn, X, and elements other than Y contained as necessary) in the oxide sintered body are O and inevitable impurities.
- the content of each element in the oxide sintered body can be the same as the range described for the oxide semiconductor film 1.
- the oxide sintered body can be manufactured by the procedure shown in FIG. 2. That is, the method for manufacturing the oxide sintered body includes a step of weighing the raw material powder (weighing step S1), a step of mixing the raw material powder weighed in the weighing step S1 (mixing step S2), and a step of mixing the raw material powder in the mixing step S2. A step of drying and granulating the obtained mixture (drying and granulating step S3), a step of molding the granulated powder obtained in the drying and granulating step S3 (molding step S4), and a step of molding the granulated powder obtained in the molding step S4. and a step of sintering the molded powder (sintering step S5).
- the weighing step S1 metal oxides such as In 2 O 3 , ZnO, and X 2 O 3 are weighed to a desired content [atm%].
- the mixing step S2 for example, the raw material powder and water weighed in the weighing step S1 and the binder and dispersant added as necessary are added to a nylon pot using zirconia balls as the media, and mixed in a ball mill. Grind to obtain slurry.
- the drying/granulation step S3 the slurry obtained in the mixing step S2 is dried, and the obtained dry powder is sieved to obtain a granulated powder. Note that the drying/granulation step S3 can also be performed using a spray dryer.
- the molding step S4 the granulated powder obtained in the drying and granulating step S3 is filled into a mold to obtain a molded powder.
- the sintering step S5 an oxide sintered body is manufactured using, for example, a pressureless sintering method or a hot press method.
- the sputtering target according to one embodiment of the present invention contains In and Zn and element X, which is either La or Nd, as metal elements, and the content of the In, Zn, and X in the entire metal elements is , In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and X: 0.0001 atm% or more and 2 atm% or less.
- a sputtering target includes In and Zn as metal elements, and element X that is either La or Nd, and the content of the In and the Zn in all metal elements is is In: 30 atm% or more and 90 atm% or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and has an In oxide crystal phase, a ZnIn oxide crystal phase, and a XIn oxide crystal phase, and the ZnIn oxide crystal phase
- the composition is Zn 3 In 2 O 6 and/or Zn 4 In 2 O 7 .
- the sputtering target may further contain element Y, which is either Sn or Ge, as a metal element.
- element Y which is either Sn or Ge
- Elements other than the above (In, Zn, X, and elements other than Y contained as necessary) in the sputtering target are O and inevitable impurities.
- the composition (crystal structure) and content of each element in the sputtering target can be the same as in the oxide sintered body.
- the sputtering target can be manufactured by the procedure shown in FIG. 3. That is, the method for manufacturing the sputtering target includes a step of weighing the raw material powder (weighing step S1), a step of mixing the raw material powder weighed in the weighing step S1 (mixing step S2), and a step of weighing the raw material powder obtained in the mixing step S2.
- a step of drying and granulating the mixture drying and granulating step S3, a step of molding the granulated powder obtained in the drying and granulating step S3 (molding step S4), and a molding obtained in the molding step S4
- a step of sintering the powder sintering step S5), a step of processing the oxide sintered body obtained in the sintering step S5 into a desired size (processing step S6), and a step of processing the oxide sintered body obtained in the sintering step S5 into a desired size.
- the method includes a step (bonding step S7) of bonding the sintered object (target) to the backing plate.
- the weighing step S1, the mixing step S2, the drying/granulating step S3, the molding step S4, and the sintering step S5 in the method for manufacturing the sputtering target can be performed in the same manner as described above in the method for manufacturing the oxide sintered body. . That is, the sputtering target can be formed using the above-mentioned oxide sintered body, and can have the same composition as this oxide sintered body.
- the processing step S6 the oxide sintered body is processed, for example, by machining.
- the bonding step S7 for example, the target is bonded to a backing plate made of Cu.
- the gate insulating film 4 is formed on the oxide semiconductor film 1 after the above-described pre-annealing process.
- Examples of the gate insulating film 4 include a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, and a metal oxide film such as Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 .
- the gate insulating film 4 can be formed using a CVD method, a PECVD method, or the like.
- the gate insulating film 4 may be a single layer or a multilayer of two or more layers. When the gate insulating film 4 is a multilayer body having two or more layers, it is preferable that the first layer and the second and subsequent layers have different components.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the gate insulating film 4 is preferably 50 nm, more preferably 100 nm.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the gate insulating film 4 is preferably 300 nm, more preferably 250 nm. If the average thickness is less than the lower limit, the withstand voltage of the gate insulating film 4 may be insufficient. Conversely, if the average thickness exceeds the upper limit, the capacitance of the capacitor formed between the gate electrode 5 and the oxide semiconductor film 1 may be insufficient, and the drain current may be insufficient. Note that when the gate insulating film 4 is multilayered, the "average thickness of the gate insulating film" means the average thickness of the entire gate insulating film.
- Gate electrode 5 has conductivity.
- the gate electrode 5 is formed, for example, after the gate insulating film 4 is formed and the oxide semiconductor film 1 is subjected to heat treatment (annealing treatment).
- the gate electrode 5 is not particularly limited, but metals with low electrical resistivity such as Al and Cu, high melting point metals with high heat resistance such as Mo, Cr, and Ti, and alloys thereof are preferably used. be able to.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the gate electrode 5 is preferably 50 nm, more preferably 80 nm. If the average thickness is less than the lower limit, the resistance of the gate electrode 5 may increase, and the power consumption of the gate electrode 5 may increase.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the gate electrode 5 is preferably 500 nm, more preferably 400 nm, from the viewpoint of processability.
- the gate insulating film 4 and the gate electrode 5 are patterned by photolithography or the like.
- the protective film 7 is formed after the gate insulating film 4 and the gate electrode 5 are patterned and the oxide semiconductor film 1 is subjected to surface treatment.
- This surface treatment is performed to make the S/D region of the oxide semiconductor film 1 conductive, and can be performed by, for example, ion implantation, element diffusion, reduction with a reducing gas, plasma treatment, or the like.
- the protective film 7 examples include a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, and a metal oxide film such as Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 .
- the protective film 7 can be formed using a CVD method, a PECVD method, or the like. Contact holes are formed in the protective film 7 by photolithography or the like after film formation.
- the source/drain electrode 6 has conductivity.
- the source/drain electrode 6 partially covers the protective film 7 and fills the contact hole. By being provided in this manner, the source/drain electrode 6 is electrically connected to the oxide semiconductor film 1 at both ends of the channel of the thin film transistor 10 .
- the source/drain electrodes 6 are not particularly limited, metals with low electrical resistivity such as Al and Cu, high melting point metals with high heat resistance such as Mo, Cr, and Ti, and alloys thereof may be used. It can be preferably used.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the source/drain electrodes 6 is preferably 100 nm, more preferably 150 nm. If the above-mentioned average thickness is less than the above-mentioned lower limit, the resistance of the source/drain electrodes 6 will increase, and there is a possibility that the power consumption in the source/drain electrodes 6 will increase.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the source/drain electrodes 6 is desirably larger than the total thickness of the gate insulating film 4 and the gate electrode 5, and is preferably, for example, 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 800 ⁇ m.
- the source/drain electrodes 6 are patterned by photolithography or the like.
- the upper limit of the threshold voltage shift (absolute value of the difference between the threshold voltage at 23° C. and the threshold voltage at 100° C.) of the thin film transistor 10 is preferably 3.5 V, more preferably 3.0 V, and even more preferably 2.5 V. , 1.5V is particularly preferred. If the threshold voltage shift exceeds the upper limit, stability against environmental temperature may be insufficient.
- the lower limit of the threshold voltage shift of the thin film transistor 10 is not particularly limited, and can be set to 0V.
- the "threshold voltage” means the gate voltage at which the drain current of the transistor becomes 10 ⁇ 9 A.
- the thin film transistor 10 includes the oxide semiconductor film 1, it has high carrier mobility and excellent stability against environmental temperature.
- the sputtering target is suitable for manufacturing the oxide semiconductor film 1.
- the oxide sintered body is suitable for manufacturing the oxide semiconductor film 1.
- the specific configuration of the thin film transistor is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1.
- the protective layer may be a multilayer body in which a plurality of insulating layers are laminated.
- the thin film transistor may be of a bottom gate type.
- top gate thin film transistor having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured by the following procedure. First, a 250 nm thick SiO 2 film was formed as a buffer layer on a glass substrate (Eagle 2000 manufactured by Eagle Inc.) with a diameter of 4 inches and a thickness of 0.7 mm using the CVD method under the following film formation conditions. did. (Film formation conditions for buffer layer) Carrier gas: Mixed gas of SiH 4 and N 2 O Film-forming power density: 0.96 W/cm 2 Film forming temperature: 320°C Gas pressure during film formation: 133Pa
- an oxide semiconductor film with a thickness of 40 nm which is an In-Zn-X-O film or an In-Zn-XY-O film containing metal elements in the proportions listed in Table 1, is formed by sputtering.
- a film was formed. Note that the content of metal elements in each oxide semiconductor film was analyzed by separately forming an oxide semiconductor film with a thickness of 100 nm on a glass substrate in the same manner as above. This analysis was performed by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectroscopy using "CIROS Mark II" manufactured by Rigaku Corporation.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- the oxide semiconductor film was patterned by photolithography and wet etching. In addition, No. 1 to No. It was confirmed that all of the 13 oxide semiconductor films had no residue due to wet etching, and were etched appropriately. After this patterning, the oxide semiconductor film was subjected to heat treatment (pre-annealing treatment) in order to improve the film quality. This pre-annealing treatment was performed at 350° C. for 1 hour in an air atmosphere.
- a gate insulating film is formed on the oxide semiconductor film by the CVD method under the following film formation conditions, and then heat treatment is performed at 350°C for 1 hour in the air to improve the film quality of the oxide semiconductor film. (annealing treatment) was performed. (Gate insulating film formation conditions) Carrier gas: Mixed gas of SiH 4 and N 2 O Film-forming power density: 0.96 W/cm 2 Film forming temperature: 270°C Gas pressure during film formation: 133Pa
- a gate electrode made of a Mo metal film with a thickness of 100 nm was formed and patterned by photolithography and wet etching. Furthermore, the gate insulating film was patterned by dry etching using this gate electrode as a mask. Thereafter, the surface of the oxide semiconductor film was irradiated with hydrogen plasma for 15 seconds to make the S/D region of the oxide semiconductor film conductive.
- a protective layer was formed by CVD under the following film forming conditions. Thereafter, contact holes for probing for transistor characteristic evaluation were formed in the protective layer by photolithography and dry etching. Further, source and drain electrodes were formed, patterned by photolithography and wet etching, and finally heat treatment (post-annealing treatment) was performed at 250° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes to obtain a thin film transistor. (Protective layer formation conditions) Carrier gas: Mixed gas of SiH 4 and N 2 O Film-forming power density: 0.96 W/cm 2 Film forming temperature: 250°C Gas pressure during film formation: 133Pa
- Carrier mobility ⁇ FE [cm 2 /Vs] is determined by gate voltage Vg [V], threshold voltage Vth [V], drain current Id [A], channel length L [m], channel width W [m], gate insulation
- the capacitance C ox [F] of the membrane was calculated using ⁇ FE shown in the following equation (1) in the saturation region of the static characteristics (Vg>Vd ⁇ Vth). The results of this calculation are shown in Table 1.
- the threshold voltage [V] was a gate voltage at which the drain current of the transistor was 10 ⁇ 9 A, which was calculated from the above static characteristics. The results of this calculation are shown in Table 1.
- S value [V/decade] was determined by calculating the amount of change in gate voltage necessary to increase the drain current by one order of magnitude from the above static characteristics, and was set to the minimum value. The results of this calculation are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Threshold voltage shift> Static characteristics were measured under the same conditions as above except that the substrate temperature was 100°C.
- the absolute value of the difference between the threshold voltage at 23°C and the threshold voltage at 100°C was calculated and determined as a threshold voltage shift [V].
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- No. The measurement results of static characteristics of No. 4 are shown in FIG.
- the measurement results of the static characteristics of No. 13 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. Regarding No. 13, the leakage current became too large at 100° C., and the threshold voltage could not be calculated because the current was larger than 10 ⁇ 9 A at which the threshold voltage was calculated, so the threshold voltage shift could not be measured.
- the oxide semiconductor film contains In, Zn, and element X which is either La or Nd, and the content of In, Zn, and X in all metal elements is In: 30 atm % or more 90 atm % % or less, Zn: 9 atm% or more and 70 atm% or less, and X: 0.0001 atm% or more and 2 atm% or less, so the carrier mobility is more than 30 cm 2 /Vs and the threshold voltage shift is 3.5 V or less. This threshold voltage shift can be used as an indicator of stability against environmental temperature.
- Example 2 [Preparation of oxide sintered body by pressureless sintering method] No. 1 was produced using the pressureless sintering method based on the flow shown in Fig. 2. 14 to no. Seventeen oxide sintered bodies were produced. First, metal oxides of In 2 O 3 , ZnO, and Nd 2 O 3 were weighed so that the content of metal elements in the obtained oxide sintered body was as shown in Table 2. Subsequently, the weighed raw material powder, water, binder, and dispersant were added to a nylon pot using zirconia balls as a media, and the mixture was mixed and pulverized in a ball mill for 3 hours.
- the obtained slurry was dried on a hot plate and passed through a mesh through a sieve to obtain granulated powders of In 2 O 3 , ZnO, and Nd 2 O 3 .
- this granulated powder was filled into a mold and pressed using a cold isostatic press at a molding pressure of 294 MPa and a holding time of 3 minutes to obtain a molded body. Subsequently, this molded body was sintered in the air at 1500° C. for 2 hours to produce an oxide sintered body.
- No. 14 to no. SEM-EDX analysis and X-ray diffraction spectrum analysis were performed on the 17 oxide sintered bodies.
- No. Regarding No. 14 the SEM backscattered electron image is shown in FIG. 6, and the analysis results of the X-ray diffraction spectrum are shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, No.
- the oxide sintered body of No. 14 is composed of two crystal phases: In 2 O 3 and Zn 3 In 2 O 6 .
- the oxide sintered body of No. 15 contains 0.7 atm % of Nd, and thus has a crystal phase of NdInO 3 in addition to In 2 O 3 and Zn 3 In 2 O 6 . Furthermore, No. In No. 15, a lamellar pattern was confirmed in the Zn 3 In 2 O 6 crystal phase.
- No. Regarding No. 16 the SEM backscattered electron image is shown in FIG. 11, and the analysis results of the X-ray diffraction spectrum are shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, No.
- the oxide sintered body of No. 16 contains 1.9 atm % of Nd, and thus has a crystal phase of NdInO 3 in addition to In 2 O 3 and Zn 3 In 2 O 6 .
- No. 16 is No. Compared to No. 15, the occupation ratio of the NdInO 3 crystal phase is larger.
- No. In No. 16 a lamellar pattern was confirmed in the Zn 3 In 2 O 6 crystal phase.
- Example 3 [Preparation of oxide sintered body by hot pressing method] An oxide sintered body was produced using a hot press method based on the flow shown in FIG. In Test Example 3, metal oxides of In 2 O 3 , ZnO, and Nd 2 O 3 were weighed so that the contents of the metal elements in the obtained oxide sintered bodies were as shown in Table 3. This raw material powder was mixed, dried, granulated, and molded in the same manner as in Test Example 2. The granulated powder after molding was hot pressed at a pressure of 30 MPa, a sintering temperature of 880° C. to 1120° C., and a sintering time of 3 to 5 hours to produce an oxide sintered body.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the relative density of the obtained oxide sintered body and the sintering temperature.
- the relative density of the oxide sintered body increases as the sintering temperature increases. However, if the sintering temperature becomes too high, the amount of metal components leached out increases, making it difficult to control the components of the obtained oxide sintered body.
- the oxide sintered body hot-pressed at a sintering temperature of 1000°C was selected as No. It was obtained as an oxide sintered body of No. 18.
- the oxide sintered body of No. 18 has crystal phases of In 2 O 3 , Zn 4 In 2 O 7 and NdInO 3 .
- sputtering target In the process shown in FIG. A target was prepared by machining the oxide sintered body of No. 18 into a diameter of 50.8 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. The relative density of the obtained target was 90.3%. Subsequently, this target was bonded to a backing plate made of Cu using In to produce a sputtering target (InZnNd oxide sputtering target). The content of metal elements in this sputtering target (more specifically, the above-mentioned target) was analyzed by ICP emission spectroscopy. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the oxide semiconductor film according to one embodiment of the present invention is suitable for increasing both carrier mobility and stability against environmental temperature of a thin film transistor.
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Abstract
Description
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
以下、適宜図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施の形態を詳説する。なお、本明細書に記載の数値については、記載された上限値と下限値との一方のみを採用すること、或いは上限値と下限値を任意に組み合わせることが可能である。本明細書では、組み合わせ可能な上限値から下限値までの数値範囲が好適な範囲として全て記載されているものとする。
当該酸化物半導体膜は、薄膜トランジスタに用いられる。当該酸化物半導体膜は、金属元素として、In(インジウム)及びZn(亜鉛)と、La(ランタン)及びNd(ネオジム)のいずれかである元素Xとを含む。当該酸化物半導体膜は、全金属元素における上記In、上記Zn及び上記Xの含有量が、In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下、X:0.0001atm%以上2atm%以下である。
Inは、導電性(電気伝導性)の向上に寄与する元素である。Inの含有量が大きい程、当該酸化物半導体膜の導電性が向上し、キャリア密度及びキャリア移動度が向上する。全金属元素におけるInの含有量の下限としては、上述のように30atm%であり、50atm%が好ましく、55atm%がより好ましい。一方、全金属元素におけるInの含有量の上限としては、上述のように90atm%であり、80atm%が好ましく、78atm%がより好ましい。Inの含有量が上記下限に満たないと、キャリア移動度が十分に得られないおそれがある。逆に、Inの含有量が上記上限を超えると、素子特性が不安定になり、閾値電圧が大きな負の値を示すおそれや、耐熱性が不十分となるおそれがある。
Znは、当該酸化物半導体膜の加工特性に影響する元素である。全金属元素におけるZnの含有量の下限としては、上述のように9atm%であり、10atm%が好ましく、20atm%がより好ましい。一方、全金属元素におけるZnの含有量の上限としては、上述のように70atm%であり、65atm%が好ましく、50atm%がより好ましい。Znの含有量が上記下限に満たないと、相対的にInの含有量が大きくなり過ぎることで、素子特性が不安定になり、閾値電圧が大きな負の値を示すおそれや、耐熱性が不十分となるおそれがある。逆に、Znの含有量が上記上限を超えると、部分的な結晶化を生じることで、当該酸化物半導体膜の均一性を確保し難くなるおそれがある。
上述のように、当該酸化物半導体膜は、元素Xとして、La及びNdのいずれかを含む。本発明者らは、環境温度に対する安定性を高めるための元素Xとして、La及びNdのいずれかを含むことが好ましいことを見出している。特に、La及びNdのいずれかを2atm%以下の割合で含有することで、キャリア移動度の向上と環境温度に対する安定性とを両立できることを見出している。全金属元素におけるXの含有量の下限としては、上述のように0.0001atm%であり、0.1atm%が好ましい。一方で、全金属元素におけるXの含有量の上限としては、上述のように2atm%であり、1.6atm%が好ましい。Xの含有量が上記下限に満たないと、環境温度に対する安定性を十分に向上できないおそれがある。逆に、Xの含有量が上記上限を超えると、キャリア密度が不十分となり、薄膜トランジスタとしての高移動度を実現し難くなるおそれがある。
当該酸化物半導体膜は、In、Zn及びXに加えて、金属元素として、Sn(錫)及びGe(ゲルマニウム)のいずれかである元素Yをさらに含んでいてもよい。当該酸化物半導体膜は、元素Yを含むことで、光学バンドギャップを大きくすることができる。その結果、高キャリア密度を有する高移動度材料としての特性を安定させ、薄膜トランジスタの閾値電圧の適正化や環境温度に対する安定性を向上することができる。全金属元素におけるYの含有量の下限としては、0.0001atm%が好ましく、0.1atm%がより好ましく、1atm%超がさらに好ましい。一方、全金属元素におけるYの含有量の上限としては、4atm%が好ましく、2atm%がより好ましい。Yの含有量が上記下限に満たないと、光学バンドギャップを十分に大きくできないおそれがある。逆に、Yの含有量が上記上限を超えると、キャリア密度が不十分となり、薄膜トランジスタとしての高移動度を実現し難くなるおそれがある。
上述の特許文献2には、In及びZnと、Zr、Hf、Ge、Si、Ti、Mn、W、Mo、V、Cu、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、Nb、Al、B、Sc、Y及びランタノイド類(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)からなる群より選択される1以上の元素Xとを含む複合酸化物からなる半導体層を備える電界効果型トランジスタにおいて、Xの添加量を一定以下に制御することで、移動度の低下を抑制しつつ、熱安定性や耐熱性を高めることができることが記載されている。一方、本発明者らが鋭意検討したところ、Xの種類によっては、環境温度耐性に差があるとの知見を得た。そのうえで、本発明者らは、キャリア移動度の向上と環境温度耐性とを両立できる元素XがLa及びNdであることを突き止めた。本発明者らの知得したところによると、当該酸化物半導体膜は、上記In及び上記Znと、La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xとの含有量を上述の範囲内に制御することで、薄膜トランジスタのキャリア移動度と環境温度に対する安定性とを共に高めることができる。
図1に、上述の当該酸化物半導体膜を備える薄膜トランジスタの一例として、トップゲート型薄膜トランジスタ10(以下、単に「薄膜トランジスタ10」ともいう)を示す。当該薄膜トランジスタ10は、上述した構成を有する当該酸化物半導体膜1を備える。より詳しくは、当該薄膜トランジスタ10は、基板2と、基板2に積層されているバッファ層3と、バッファ層3に積層されている当該酸化物半導体膜1と、当該酸化物半導体膜1に積層されているゲート絶縁膜4と、ゲート絶縁膜4に積層されているゲート電極5と、当該酸化物半導体膜1の導体化されたS/D領域に積層されているソース・ドレイン電極6及び保護膜7とを備える。当該薄膜トランジスタ10は、有機ELディスプレイ等のディスプレイに配置される。
基板2としては、特に限定されないが、ガラス基板やシリコン基板等が挙げられる。上記ガラス基板に用いられれるガラスとしては、例えば無アルカリガラス、高歪点ガラス、ソーダライムガラス等が挙げられる。また、基板2として、ステンレス薄膜等の金属基板、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム等の樹脂基板を用いることもできる。
バッファ層3としては、例えばシリコン酸化膜が挙げられる。バッファ層3は、CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)法や、PECVD(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition)法等によって成膜できる。なお、バッファ層3は、基板2と当該酸化物半導体膜1との密着性を向上させると共に、基板2から当該酸化物半導体膜1への不純物の拡散等を抑制するために設けられるもので、動作上必須の層ではなく、省略することも可能である。
当該酸化物半導体膜1は、例えばスパッタリングターゲットを用いたスパッタリング法によって成膜される。当該酸化物半導体膜1を成膜するためのスパッタリングターゲットは、それ自体本発明の一実施形態である。また、当該スパッタリングターゲットは、それ自体本発明の一実施形態である酸化物焼結体を用いて形成することができる。当該酸化物半導体膜1は、成膜後フォトリソグラフィ等によってパターニングされる。また、このパターニングの直後には、膜質改善のために熱処理(プレアニール処理)が施されることが好ましい。以下、酸化物焼結体及びスパッタリングターゲットについて説明する。
本発明の一態様に係る酸化物焼結体は、金属元素として、In及びZnと、La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xとを含み、金属元素全体における上記In、上記Zn及び上記Xの含有量が、In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下、X:0.0001atm%以上2atm%以下である。また、本発明の別の一態様に係る酸化物焼結体は、金属元素として、In及びZnと、La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xとを含み、全金属元素における上記In及び上記Znの含有量が、In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下であり、In酸化物結晶相、ZnIn酸化物結晶相、及びXIn酸化物結晶相を有し、上記ZnIn酸化物結晶相の組成が、Zn3In2O6及び/又はZn4In2O7である。
本発明の一態様に係るスパッタリングターゲットは、金属元素として、In及びZnと、La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xとを含み、金属元素全体における上記In、上記Zn及び上記Xの含有量が、In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下、X:0.0001atm%以上2atm%以下である。また、本発明の別の一態様に係るスパッタリングターゲットは、金属元素として、In及びZnと、La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xとを含み、全金属元素における上記In及び上記Znの含有量が、In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下であり、In酸化物結晶相、ZnIn酸化物結晶相、及びXIn酸化物結晶相を有し、上記ZnIn酸化物結晶相の組成が、Zn3In2O6及び/又はZn4In2O7である。
ゲート絶縁膜4は、上述のプレアニール処理後に、当該酸化物半導体膜1上に成膜される。ゲート絶縁膜4としては、例えばシリコン酸化膜、シリコン窒化膜、シリコン酸窒化膜、Al2O3やY2O3等の金属酸化物膜などが挙げられる。ゲート絶縁膜4は、CVD法や、PECVD法等を用いて成膜することができる。ゲート絶縁膜4は、単層体であってもよく、2層以上の多層体であってもよい。ゲート絶縁膜4が2層以上の多層体である場合、1層目と2層目以降とは異なる成分であることが好ましい。
ゲート電極5は、導電性を有する。ゲート電極5は、例えばゲート絶縁膜4の成膜後、当該酸化物半導体膜1に熱処理(アニール処理)を施した後に形成される。ゲート電極5としては、特に限定されるものではないが、電気抵抗率の低いAl、Cuなどの金属や、耐熱性の高いMo、Cr、Tiなどの高融点金属や、これらの合金を好ましく用いることができる。
保護膜7は、ゲート絶縁膜4及びゲート電極5のパターニング後、当該酸化物半導体膜1に表面処理を行った後に形成される。この表面処理は、当該酸化物半導体膜1のS/D領域を導体化するために行うものであり、例えばイオン注入、元素拡散、還元ガスによる還元、プラズマ処理等によって行うことができる。
ソース・ドレイン電極6は、導電性を有する。ソース・ドレイン電極6は、保護膜7の一部を覆うと共に、上記コンタクトホールに充填される。このように設けられることで、ソース・ドレイン電極6は、当該薄膜トランジスタ10のチャネルの両端で当該酸化物半導体膜1と電気的に接続する。
(閾値電圧シフト)
当該薄膜トランジスタ10の閾値電圧シフト(23℃における閾値電圧と100℃における閾値電圧との差の絶対値)の上限としては、3.5Vが好ましく、3.0Vがより好ましく、2.5Vがさらに好ましく、1.5Vが特に好ましい。上記閾値電圧シフトが上記上限を超えると、環境温度に対する安定性が不十分となるおそれがある。なお、当該薄膜トランジスタ10の閾値電圧シフトの下限としては、特に限定されるものではなく、0Vとすることができる。なお、「閾値電圧」とは、トランジスタのドレイン電流が10-9Aとなるゲート電圧を意味する。
当該薄膜トランジスタ10は、当該酸化物半導体膜1を備えるので、キャリア移動度が高く、かつ環境温度に対する安定性に優れる。
上記実施形態は、本発明の構成を限定するものではない。従って、上記実施形態は、本明細書の記載及び技術常識に基づいて上記実施形態各部の構成要素の省略、置換又は追加が可能であり、それらは全て本発明の範囲に属するものと解釈されるべきである。
[トップゲート型薄膜トランジスタの作製]
以下の手順によって図1の構造を備えるトップゲート型薄膜トランジスタを作製した。まず、直径4インチ、厚さ0.7mmのガラス製の基板(イーグル社製の「Eagle2000」)上に、バッファ層として厚さ250nmのSiO2膜を以下の成膜条件でCVD法によって成膜した。
(バッファ層の成膜条件)
キャリアガス:SiH4とN2Oとの混合ガス
成膜パワー密度:0.96W/cm2
成膜温度:320℃
成膜時のガス圧:133Pa
(ゲート絶縁膜の成膜条件)
キャリアガス:SiH4とN2Oとの混合ガス
成膜パワー密度:0.96W/cm2
成膜温度:270℃
成膜時のガス圧:133Pa
(保護層の成膜条件)
キャリアガス:SiH4とN2Oとの混合ガス
成膜パワー密度:0.96W/cm2
成膜温度:250℃
成膜時のガス圧:133Pa
No.1からNo.13の薄膜トランジスタについて、プローバー及び半導体パラメータアナライザ(Keithley社製の「4200SCS」)を用いて、以下の条件でドレイン電流(Id)-ゲート電圧(Vg)特性(Id-Vg特性)を測定した。
ゲート電圧:-30V~30V(ステップ0.25V)
ソース電圧:0V
ドレイン電圧:10V
基板温度:室温(23℃)
キャリア移動度μFE[cm2/Vs]は、ゲート電圧Vg[V]、閾値電圧Vth[V]、ドレイン電流Id[A]、チャネル長L[m]、チャネル幅W[m]、ゲート絶縁膜の容量Cox[F]として、上記静特性の飽和領域(Vg>Vd-Vth)において、以下の式(1)に示すμFEにより算出した。この算出結果を表1に示す。
閾値電圧[V]は、トランジスタのドレイン電流が10-9Aとなるゲート電圧を上記静特性から算出した値とした。この算出結果を表1に示す。
S値[V/decade]は、上記静特性からドレイン電流を1桁上昇させるのに必要なゲート電圧の変化量を算出し、その最小値とした。この算出結果を表1に示す。
基板温度を100℃とした以外は上記と同様の条件で静特性を測定した。23℃における閾値電圧と100℃における閾値電圧との差の絶対値を算出し、閾値電圧シフト[V]として求めた。この結果を表1に示す。なお、No.4の静特性の測定結果を図4に示し、No.13の静特性の測定結果を図5に示す。図5に示すように、No.13については、100℃ではリーク電流が大きくなり過ぎて、閾値電圧を算出する10-9Aよりも電流が大きく閾値電圧が算出できなかったため、閾値電圧シフトは測定できなかった。
表1及び図4、図5に示すように、No.1からNo.8は、酸化物半導体膜が、In及びZnと、La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xとを含んでおり、全金属元素におけるIn、Zn及びXの含有量が、In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下、X:0.0001atm%以上2atm%以下であるので、キャリア移動度が30cm2/Vs超であり、かつ閾値電圧シフトが3.5V以下である。この閾値電圧シフトは、環境温度に対する安定性の指標として使用できる。
[常圧焼結法による酸化物焼結体の作製]
図2のフローに基づいて常圧焼結法を用いてNo.14からNo.17の酸化物焼結体を作製した。まず、得られる酸化物焼結体の金属元素における含有量が表2のとおりになるようにIn2O3、ZnO及びNd2O3の金属酸化物を秤量した。続いて、メディアとしてジルコニアボールを使用したナイロンポットに、秤量後の原料粉末、水、バインダー及び分散剤を加えてボールミルで3時間混合及び粉砕した。次に、得られたスラリーをホットプレートで乾燥し、篩でメッシュパスを実施してIn2O3、ZnO、Nd2O3の造粒粉末を得た。次に、この造粒粉末を成形型に充填し、冷間静水圧プレスで成形圧力294MPa、保持時間3分で加圧して成形体を得た。続いて、この成形体を1500℃、2時間大気中で焼結し、酸化物焼結体を作製した。
No.14からNo.17の酸化物焼結体について、SEM-EDX分析、及びX線回折スペクトル解析を行った。No.14について、SEM反射電子像を図6に、X線回折スペクトルの解析結果を図7に示す。図6及び図7に示すように、No.14の酸化物焼結体は、In2O3及びZn3In2O6の2つの結晶相から構成されている。
[ホットプレス法による酸化物焼結体の作製]
図2のフローに基づいてホットプレス法を用いて酸化物焼結体を作製した。試験例3では、得られる酸化物焼結体の金属元素における含有量が表3のとおりになるようにIn2O3、ZnO及びNd2O3の金属酸化物を秤量した。この原料粉末を試験例2と同様の手順で混合、乾燥・造粒及び成型した。成型後の造粒粉末を圧力30MPa、焼結温度880℃~1120℃、焼結時間3~5時間でホットプレスし、酸化物焼結体を作製した。得られた酸化物焼結体の相対密度と焼結温度との関係を図15に示す。
図3に示す工程で、No.18の酸化物焼結体を直径50.8mm、厚さ5mmに機械加工することで、ターゲットを作製した。得られたターゲットの相対密度は90.3%であった。続いてこのターゲットをCu製のバッキングプレートにInを使ってボンディングし、スパッタリングターゲット(InZnNd酸化物スパッタリングターゲット)を作製した。このスパッタリングターゲット(より詳しくは上述のターゲット)の金属元素における含有量をICP発光分光分析法により分析した。この結果を表4に示す。
2 基板
3 バッファ層
4 ゲート絶縁膜
5 ゲート電極
6 ソース・ドレイン電極
7 保護膜
10 トップゲート型薄膜トランジスタ
P In2O3結晶相
Q Zn3In2O6結晶相
R NdInO3結晶相
S 第4の結晶相
T Zn4In2O7結晶相
Claims (11)
- 薄膜トランジスタに用いられる酸化物半導体膜であって、
金属元素として、
In及びZnと、
La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xと
を含み、
全金属元素における上記In、上記Zn及び上記Xの含有量が、
In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、
Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下、
X:0.0001atm%以上2atm%以下
である酸化物半導体膜。 - 全金属元素における上記In及び上記Znの含有量が、
In:55atm%以上80atm%以下、
Zn:20atm%以上50atm%以下
である請求項1に記載の酸化物半導体膜。 - 金属元素として、Sn及びGeのいずれかである元素Yをさらに含み、
全金属元素における上記Yの含有量が、
Y:0.0001atm%以上4atm%以下である
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の酸化物半導体膜。 - 全金属元素における上記元素Yの含有量が、
Y:1atm%超2atm%以下である請求項3に記載の酸化物半導体膜。 - 請求項1に記載の酸化物半導体膜を備える薄膜トランジスタ。
- 請求項2に記載の酸化物半導体膜を備える薄膜トランジスタ。
- 請求項3に記載の酸化物半導体膜を備える薄膜トランジスタ。
- 請求項4に記載の酸化物半導体膜を備える薄膜トランジスタ。
- 薄膜トランジスタに用いられる酸化物半導体膜を形成するためのスパッタリングターゲットであって、
金属元素として、
In及びZnと、
La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xと
を含み、
全金属元素における上記In、上記Zn及び上記Xの含有量が、
In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、
Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下、
X:0.0001atm%以上2atm%以下
であるスパッタリングターゲット。 - 薄膜トランジスタに用いられる酸化物半導体膜を形成するためのスパッタリングターゲットであって、
金属元素として、
In及びZnと、
La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xと
を含み、
全金属元素における上記In及び上記Znの含有量が、
In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、
Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下
であり、
In酸化物結晶相、ZnIn酸化物結晶相、及びXIn酸化物結晶相を有し、
上記ZnIn酸化物結晶相の組成が、Zn3In2O6及び/又はZn4In2O7であるスパッタリングターゲット。 - 薄膜トランジスタに用いられる酸化物半導体膜を形成するための酸化物焼結体であって、
金属元素として、
In及びZnと、
La及びNdのいずれかである元素Xと
を含み、
全金属元素における上記In及び上記Znの含有量が、
In:30atm%以上90atm%以下、
Zn:9atm%以上70atm%以下
であり、
In酸化物結晶相、ZnIn酸化物結晶相、及びXIn酸化物結晶相を有し、
上記ZnIn酸化物結晶相の組成が、Zn3In2O6及び/又はZn4In2O7である酸化物焼結体。
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| WO (1) | WO2023199722A1 (ja) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006134789A (ja) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-25 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 非晶質透明導電膜及び非晶質透明導電膜積層体並びにこれらの製造方法 |
| JP2008243928A (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 非晶質酸化物半導体薄膜、その製造方法、薄膜トランジスタの製造方法、電界効果型トランジスタ、発光装置、表示装置及びスパッタリングターゲット |
| WO2009081885A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-07-02 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | 酸化物半導体電界効果型トランジスタ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2012151469A (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-08-09 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 薄膜トランジスタの半導体層用酸化物およびスパッタリングターゲット、並びに薄膜トランジスタ |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2413366B1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2017-01-11 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | A switching element of LCDs or organic EL displays |
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2023
- 2023-03-23 KR KR1020247030367A patent/KR20240151192A/ko active Pending
- 2023-03-23 US US18/848,704 patent/US20250220976A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-23 WO PCT/JP2023/011638 patent/WO2023199722A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-10 TW TW112113331A patent/TWI881319B/zh active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006134789A (ja) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-25 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 非晶質透明導電膜及び非晶質透明導電膜積層体並びにこれらの製造方法 |
| JP2008243928A (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 非晶質酸化物半導体薄膜、その製造方法、薄膜トランジスタの製造方法、電界効果型トランジスタ、発光装置、表示装置及びスパッタリングターゲット |
| WO2009081885A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-07-02 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | 酸化物半導体電界効果型トランジスタ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2012151469A (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-08-09 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 薄膜トランジスタの半導体層用酸化物およびスパッタリングターゲット、並びに薄膜トランジスタ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202408019A (zh) | 2024-02-16 |
| TWI881319B (zh) | 2025-04-21 |
| KR20240151192A (ko) | 2024-10-17 |
| US20250220976A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
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