WO2023195925A2 - Dispositif et procédé de collecte d'énergie froide à partir d'un fluide industriel - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de collecte d'énergie froide à partir d'un fluide industriel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023195925A2
WO2023195925A2 PCT/SG2023/050230 SG2023050230W WO2023195925A2 WO 2023195925 A2 WO2023195925 A2 WO 2023195925A2 SG 2023050230 W SG2023050230 W SG 2023050230W WO 2023195925 A2 WO2023195925 A2 WO 2023195925A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
industrial
fluidic path
industrial fluid
fluid
communicating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2023/050230
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English (en)
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WO2023195925A3 (fr
Inventor
Alessandro Romagnoli
Bakytzhan AKHMETOV
Lizhong Yang
Antoni GIL PUJOL
Wooi Leong Tan
Khiok Eng Cliff CHUAH
Himanshu Kishorkumar MAJEETHIA
Wenqi Zhang
Sun Soon Derek WONG
Chee Hai Douglas LIM
Original Assignee
Nanyang Technological University
Surbana Jurong Pte Ltd
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Application filed by Nanyang Technological University, Surbana Jurong Pte Ltd filed Critical Nanyang Technological University
Publication of WO2023195925A2 publication Critical patent/WO2023195925A2/fr
Publication of WO2023195925A3 publication Critical patent/WO2023195925A3/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0327—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0397—Localisation of heat exchange characterised by fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
    • F25B19/005—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour the refrigerant being a liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0026—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in mobile containers for transporting thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to a device and method for harvesting cold energy. More particularly, the present disclosure describes various embodiments of a device and a method for harvesting cold energy from an industrial fluid used in an industrial process, such as liquefied natural gas.
  • Industrial fluids are consumed steadily across various processes in industrial facilities.
  • Some examples of the industrial fluids include industrial gases or bulk gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. They are mostly delivered in cryogenic temperatures by means of trucks and stored in thermally insulated tanks, which are installed usually next to gas production facilities to maintain the cold temperatures.
  • Some industrial processes require huge amounts of industrial gases, in the order of hundreds of tons daily, the co-location of the gas production facilities with the industrial facilities is more economically viable as the industrial gases are produced on-site.
  • Cryogenic storage tanks are also used to level out the production and demand of industrial gases between the co-located facilities.
  • the consumption of industrial fluids is carried out using piping systems that starts from the storage tank, where the industrial fluids are in liquefied states, and ends up in multiple locations within the industrial facility, where the industrial fluids are in gaseous states.
  • the overall consumption rate varies depending on the industrial process being performed.
  • nitrogen is used in the pharmaceutical industry to eliminate moisture and hazardous particles from clean environments, thus providing an inert dry atmosphere to produce high-quality medical products.
  • oxygen is used in in the semiconductor industry as an oxidizing agent for efficient growth of silicon layers or as a co-reagent for deposition and etching of thin films.
  • Another example of industrial fluids is liquefied natural gas (LNG) which is used for small to medium scale applications.
  • FIGS 1A and 1 B show an exemplary industrial process 100 wherein industrial fluids such as bulk gases and LNG are consumed, usually at ambient temperatures.
  • a storage tank 110 stores the industrial fluid, usually in the liquid state, such as LNG.
  • an industrial vaporizer 120 vaporizes the LNG and changes its state from liquid to gaseous.
  • the vaporized LNG is then sent from the industrial vaporizer 120 and supplied to the gas consumption stage 130 for use in the industrial process 100.
  • the industrial vaporizer 120 usually relies on ambient air to heat and vaporize the LNG that passes through tubes 122 in the industrial vaporizer 120. Heat transfer occurs on the outer surfaces of the tubes 122 by natural air convection.
  • a fan or blower 140 may be added to increase the rate of heat transfer and to avoid frosting of humid air around the tubes 122.
  • One problem with the current industrial process 100 is that the cooled air, due to the transfer of heat to the LNG, is wasted to the surrounding environment.
  • a device for harvesting cold energy from an industrial fluid used in an industrial process comprises: an inlet connectable to an industrial fluidic path of the industrial process, the industrial fluidic path for communicating the industrial fluid therethrough, the inlet configured for extracting the industrial fluid from the industrial fluidic path; a set of heat exchangers configured for heating the extracted industrial fluid from the inlet; and an outlet configured for communicating the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the industrial fluidic path, wherein each heat exchanger comprises a thermal material that cools in response to heating of the industrial fluid, thereby storing cold energy in the cooled thermal material.
  • a method for harvesting cold energy from an industrial fluid used in an industrial process comprises: extracting, by an inlet, the industrial fluid from an industrial fluidic path of the industrial process, the industrial fluidic path for communicating the industrial fluid therethrough; heating, by a set of heat exchangers, the extracted industrial fluid from the inlet; communicating, by an outlet, the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers the industrial fluidic path; cooling a thermal material in each heat exchanger in response to heating of the industrial fluid; and storing cold energy in the cooled thermal material.
  • Figures 1 A and 1 B are illustrations of an industrial process using an industrial fluid.
  • Figures 2A and 2B are illustrations of using a device in the industrial process to harvest cold energy from the industrial fluid.
  • Figures 3A to 3D are illustrations of various examples of a method for harvesting cold energy from the industrial fluid.
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of various ways to use the cold energy.
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of various applications of the cold energy.
  • depiction of a given element or consideration or use of a particular element number in a particular figure or a reference thereto in corresponding descriptive material can encompass the same, an equivalent, or an analogous element or element number identified in another figure or descriptive material associated therewith.
  • references to “an embodiment I example”, “another embodiment I example”, “some embodiments I examples”, “some other embodiments I examples”, and so on, indicate that the embodiment(s) / example(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation, but that not every embodiment I example necessarily includes that particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element or limitation. Furthermore, repeated use of the phrase “in an embodiment I example” or “in another embodiment I example” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment I example.
  • the terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more than one.
  • the use of in a figure or associated text is understood to mean “and/or” unless otherwise indicated.
  • the term “set” is defined as a non-empty finite organization of elements that mathematically exhibits a cardinality of at least one (e.g. a set as defined herein can correspond to a unit, singlet, or single-element set, or a multiple-element set), in accordance with known mathematical definitions.
  • the recitation of a particular numerical value or value range herein is understood to include or be a recitation of an approximate numerical value or value range.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used merely as labels or identifiers and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their associated terms.
  • the industrial process 100 has an industrial fluidic path 150 for communicating the industrial fluid therethrough.
  • the industrial fluid is stored in a storage or supply tank 110 in the liquefied state (at step 1 ).
  • the industrial fluid is a liquefied gas such as LNG.
  • the industrial fluidic path 150 includes a first fluidic path 152 (at step 2) for supplying the industrial fluid in the liquefied state from the storage tank 110 to an industrial vaporizer 120 (at step 3).
  • the industrial vaporizer 120 heats the liquefied industrial fluid and vaporizes it into a vaporized industrial fluid (gaseous state).
  • the industrial fluidic path 150 includes a second fluidic path 154 (at step 4) for communicating the vaporized industrial fluid from the industrial vaporizer 120 to the gas consumption stage 130 (at step 5) for use by the industrial process 100.
  • the industrial fluidic path 150 includes a third fluidic path 156 (at step 6) for releasing the vaporized industrial fluid that has been consumed at the gas consumption stage 130.
  • the device 200 includes an inlet 210 that is connectable to the industrial fluidic path 150 of the industrial process 100.
  • the inlet 210 is configured for extracting the industrial fluid from the industrial fluidic path 150.
  • the inlet 210 is connectable to the first fluidic path 152 to extract the industrial fluid from the first fluidic path 152 (at step 7), wherein the industrial fluid is in the liquefied state.
  • the inlet 210 is connectable to the second fluidic path 154 to extract the industrial fluid from the second fluidic path 154 (at step 11 ), wherein the industrial fluid is in the vaporized state.
  • the inlet 210 is connectable to the third fluidic path 156 to extract the industrial fluid from the third fluidic path 156 (at step 12), wherein the industrial fluid is vaporized and has been consumed.
  • the device 200 includes a set of heat exchangers configured for heating the extracted industrial fluid from the inlet 210.
  • Each heat exchanger includes a thermal material that cools in response to heating of the industrial fluid, thereby storing cold energy in the cooled thermal material.
  • the device 200 includes an outlet 220 configured for communicating the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the industrial fluidic path 150.
  • the outlet 220 is connectable to the first fluidic path 152 for communicating the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the first fluidic path 152 (at step 10).
  • the outlet 220 is connectable to the second fluidic path 154 for communicating the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the second fluidic path 154 (at step 9).
  • the outlet 220 is connectable to the third fluidic path 156 for communicating the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the third fluidic path 156 (at step 13). The device 200 is thus able to harvest cold energy from the industrial fluid using the thermal material.
  • the cooled thermal material is directly communicated or streamed to the cold user 230 for consumption of the cold energy (at steps 14,15).
  • the thermal material is heat insulated in a container unit to retain the cold energy. The cooled thermal material may then be transported to the cold user 230 for consumption of the cold energy.
  • Representative or exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure also describe a method for harvesting cold energy from an industrial fluid used in an industrial process 100.
  • the method includes a step of extracting, by the inlet 210, the industrial fluid from an industrial fluidic path 150 of the industrial process 100, the industrial fluidic path 150 for communicating the industrial fluid therethrough.
  • the method includes a step of heating, by a set of heat exchangers, the extracted industrial fluid from the inlet 210.
  • the method includes a step of communicating, by an outlet 220, the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the industrial fluidic path 150.
  • the method includes a step of cooling a thermal material in each heat exchanger in response to heating of the industrial.
  • the method includes a step of storing cold energy in the cooled thermal material.
  • Figures 3A to 3D show various examples of the method being performed using the device 200.
  • the inlet 210 is connected to the first fluidic path 152, the first fluidic path 152 supplying the industrial fluid in the liquefied state to the industrial vaporizer 120.
  • the liquefied industrial fluid includes LNG, liquefied nitrogen gas, liquefied hydrogen gas, liquefied oxygen gas, or liquefied argon gas.
  • the inlet 210 extracts the liquefied industrial fluid from the first fluidic path 152.
  • the heat exchangers include one or more heat vaporizers which partially vaporize the liquefied industrial fluid.
  • the heated industrial fluid is partially vaporized by the heat vaporizers and includes at least a portion of the liquefied industrial fluid that has been vaporized into the gaseous state.
  • the outlet 220 is connected to the first fluidic path 152 and communicates the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the first fluidic path 152.
  • the liquefied industrial fluid is sent from the storage tank 110 to the device 200 to be heated and partially vaporized.
  • the heated industrial fluid is returned to the first fluidic path 152 and fed to the industrial vaporizer 120.
  • the industrial vaporizer 120 then fully vaporizes the heated industrial fluid and sends the vaporized industrial fluid to the gas consumption stage 130.
  • This configuration is feasible when the device 200 is integrated with the industrial process 100 to harvest the cold energy immediately after the liquefied industrial fluid streams out from the storage tank 110.
  • the inlet 210 is connected to the first fluidic path 152, the first fluidic path 152 supplying the industrial fluid in the liquefied state to the industrial vaporizer 120.
  • the inlet 210 extracts the liquefied industrial fluid from the first fluidic path 152.
  • the heat exchangers include one or more heat vaporizers which fully vaporize the liquefied industrial fluid.
  • the heated industrial fluid includes the industrial fluid that has been fully vaporized into the gaseous state.
  • the outlet 220 is connected to the second fluidic path 154 and communicates the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the second fluidic path 154.
  • the liquefied industrial fluid is sent from the storage tank 110 to the device 200 to be heated and fully vaporized.
  • the heated industrial fluid is returned to the first fluidic path 152 and fed to the industrial vaporizer 120.
  • the vaporized industrial fluid is sent to the second fluidic path 154.
  • the vaporized industrial fluid is then sent to the gas consumption stage 130.
  • This configuration enables the industrial fluid to bypass the industrial vaporizer 120 to be heated and vaporized by the device 200 and directly streamed to the gas consumption stage 130.
  • the heat vaporizers of the device 200 replaces the industrial vaporizer 120 to heat and vaporize the industrial fluid.
  • the inlet 210 is connected to the second fluidic path 154, the second fluidic path 154 communicating the vaporized industrial fluid from the industrial vaporizer.
  • the inlet 210 extracts the vaporized industrial fluid from the second fluidic path 154.
  • the heat exchangers receive the vaporized industrial fluid from the inlet 210 and heat the vaporized industrial fluid.
  • the outlet 220 is connected to the second fluidic path 154 and communicates the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the second fluidic path 154.
  • the vaporized industrial fluid is fully vaporized from the industrial vaporizer 120 but the temperature may still be sufficiently low and contain useful cold energy.
  • the heat exchangers are configured to heat the vaporized industrial fluid, thereby harvesting the cold energy and storing it in the thermal material.
  • the inlet 210 is connected to the third fluidic path 156, the third fluidic path 156 releasing the vaporized industrial fluid that has been consumed at the gas consumption stage 130.
  • the inlet 210 extracts the consumed industrial fluid from the third fluidic path 156.
  • the heat exchangers receive the consumed industrial fluid from the inlet 210 and heat the consumed industrial fluid.
  • the outlet 220 is connected to the third fluidic path 156 and communicates the heated industrial fluid from the heat exchangers to the third fluidic path 156.
  • the vaporized industrial fluid from the industrial vaporizer 120 may have been consumed at the gas consumption stage 130 at low temperatures.
  • the temperature of the consumed industrial fluid may still be sufficiently low and contain useful cold energy.
  • the heat exchangers are configured to heat the consumed industrial fluid, thereby harvesting the cold energy and storing it in the thermal material.
  • Embodiments herein such as shown in Figures 3A to 3D, describe various configurations of the device 200 and method for harvesting cold energy from the industrial fluid used in the industrial process 100 and storing the cold energy in the thermal material. Therefore, the device 200 functions as an efficient waste cold thermal energy capture and storage system (CTCES).
  • CTCES waste cold thermal energy capture and storage system
  • the device 200 includes a plurality of heat exchangers configured for heating the industrial fluid.
  • the plural heat exchangers enable scaling of the device 200 and they can be arranged in parallel and/or sequential configurations.
  • the heat exchangers can be arranged in a sequential configuration when the temperature of the available cold energy is low enough so that the cold energy can be stored in a cascaded way. More specifically, the first heat exchanger harvests and stores the deepest cold (lowest temperature), the second exchanger harvest and stores the medium cold (next lowest temperature), and so on.
  • the heat exchangers can be arranged in a parallel configuration if there is a large amount of available cold energy so that the industrial fluid can be distributed across the heat exchangers, where each heat exchanger harvests and stores its share of the cold energy. This improves efficiency of harvesting the cold energy as the heat exchangers are able to work in parallel simultaneously.
  • the device 200 can have multiple heat exchangers for scalability based on various factors such as vaporization rate, cold energy storage amount and duration, and cooling demand.
  • the storage and consumption of the cold energy can be balanced using various strategies as shown in Figure 4. For example, some cold energy can be stored in the thermal material to be later used for cooling demand. If more cold energy is required to be stored, the device 200 can be scaled up with more heat exchangers and thermal materials.
  • Each heat exchanger has a thermal material that functions as a high-density thermal energy storage (TES) medium.
  • the thermal material is able to extract and store the cold energy using its inherent thermal storage mechanism.
  • the thermal material includes a latent heat storage material, such as comprising a phase change material.
  • the phase change material is a material that releases and absorbs energy when it changes phase to provide useful cooling.
  • the phase change material may include one or more states of water. It will be appreciated that other phase change materials may be used, depending on the desired cold temperatures.
  • the thermal material includes a sensible heat storage material that does not change phase over a temperature range. Water is an example of a sensible heat storage material.
  • the thermal material includes a thermochemical material that releases heat and stores cold thermal energy by a reversible exothermic reaction.
  • the device 200 can be integrated with the liquefied industrial fluid vaporization equipment of the industrial process 100 with minimal disturbance to the flow conditions of the liquefied industrial fluid in the industrial process 100.
  • the industrial process 100 uses industrial fluids such as liquefied bulk gases in cryogenic temperatures.
  • the related cold thermal energy at such low temperatures is considered as high grade that can be useful for many cooling applications. For example in an industrial process 100 such as freeze drying, the temperature of the industrial fluid is still low after vaporization and consumption, and is thus a potential source of cold energy.
  • the cold energy can then be delivered to the cold user 230 to meet various demand requirements, such as by direct streaming and/or transportation in container units for consumption of the cold energy.
  • the cold energy can also be stationarily stored, such as in the insulated container units, for later use.
  • the cold energy can be used for cooling needs of nearby facilities and buildings using piping systems, as well as more distant ones using other transportation modes.
  • the cold energy is needed to maintain the temperature of equipment, production line, or manufactured goods within a certain range.
  • Figure 5 shows possible applications of the cold energy in various industries, as well as the corresponding temperature ranges for the applications.
  • Liquefied nitrogen and hydrogen are examples of the industrial fluids and they have boiling points of -196 °C and -253 °C, respectively.
  • Other examples include LNG, argon, and oxygen, with boiling points of -162 °C, -186 °C, and -183 °C, respectively.
  • These industrial fluids have various vaporization temperatures and the harvestable amount of cold energy from them can be useful for cooling applications. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the cooling applications are significantly broad, ranging from environment cooling to chemical industry and superconducting applications. Systems that generate cold thermal energy consume more energy at low temperatures and are less energy efficient with COP (coefficient of performance) of less than 1 .
  • COP coefficient of performance
  • the device 200 helps to utilize the waste cold and reduce the cooling load of such cold generation systems to improve energy efficiency, minimize operational expenses, and reduce carbon footprint.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure in relation to a device and method for harvesting cold energy from an industrial fluid are described with reference to the provided figures.
  • the description of the various embodiments herein is not intended to call out or be limited only to specific or particular representations of the present disclosure, but merely to illustrate non-limiting examples of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure serves to address at least one of the mentioned problems and issues associated with the prior art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne de manière générale un dispositif (200) et un procédé de collecte d'énergie froide à partir d'un fluide industriel utilisé dans un processus industriel (100). Le dispositif (200) a une entrée (210) pour extraire le fluide industriel du processus industriel (100), ainsi que des échangeurs thermiques pour chauffer le fluide industriel extrait. Le dispositif (200) a une sortie (220) pour communiquer le fluide industriel chauffé des échangeurs thermiques au processus industriel (100). Les échangeurs thermiques ont un matériau thermique qui refroidit en réponse au chauffage du fluide industriel, stockant ainsi de l'énergie froide dans le matériau thermique refroidi.
PCT/SG2023/050230 2022-04-08 2023-04-05 Dispositif et procédé de collecte d'énergie froide à partir d'un fluide industriel WO2023195925A2 (fr)

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JP2938878B2 (ja) * 1988-08-24 1999-08-25 川崎重工業株式会社 Ｌｎｇの冷熱回収利用方法
US4995234A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-02-26 Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company Power generation from LNG
JP3850737B2 (ja) * 2001-08-27 2006-11-29 大阪瓦斯株式会社 空気熱源液化天然ガス気化器
CN105605419B (zh) * 2015-12-31 2018-08-07 杰瑞石油天然气工程有限公司 空氮站冷能综合回收利用系统及其回收利用方法
WO2021118470A1 (fr) * 2019-12-13 2021-06-17 Nanyang Technological University Système d'énergie cryogénique pour refroidir et alimenter un environnement intérieur

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