WO2023193486A1 - Normal-temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system and method - Google Patents
Normal-temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023193486A1 WO2023193486A1 PCT/CN2022/142675 CN2022142675W WO2023193486A1 WO 2023193486 A1 WO2023193486 A1 WO 2023193486A1 CN 2022142675 W CN2022142675 W CN 2022142675W WO 2023193486 A1 WO2023193486 A1 WO 2023193486A1
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/006—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
Definitions
- Carbon dioxide is non-toxic, non-polluting, has stable physical properties, is abundant in reserves, and is easy to obtain.
- the critical point is relatively moderate at 31.1°C, 7.38MPa, and it is easy to compress.
- supercritical carbon dioxide has a higher density, which can significantly reduce the size of the equipment and make the system more compact. Therefore, mechanical energy storage systems using carbon dioxide as the working fluid have been proposed for large-scale energy storage.
- the existing compressed transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system due to the low critical temperature of the working fluid, it is difficult for the working fluid to be condensed by the normal temperature cooling medium, which requires additional energy consumption for refrigeration, resulting in a reduction in energy storage efficiency.
- the outlet of the compressor is divided into two channels, one outlet of the compressor is connected to the hot side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger in turn, and the other outlet of the compressor is connected to the hot side inlet of the regenerator; the energy storage heat exchanger
- the hot side outlet of the heater is connected to the high-pressure storage tank, the energy release heat exchanger and the inlet of the turbine in turn.
- the outlet of the turbine is connected to the hot side inlet of the cooler.
- the hot side outlet of the cooler is connected to the low pressure outlet in turn.
- the storage tank is connected to the cold side inlet of the regenerator, and the cold side outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the compressor; the outlet of the cold storage is connected to the cold side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger, and the energy storage
- the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the heat accumulator.
- the outlet of the heat accumulator is connected to the inlet of the heat pump and the cold accumulator in turn.
- the heat pump is connected to the cooler and the energy release heat exchanger respectively.
- the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid stored in the high-pressure storage tank and the low-pressure storage tank is both liquid.
- the heat pump of the present disclosure absorbs low-temperature heat from the turbine exhaust and heat storage medium, and converts it into high-temperature heat, using It is used to heat the turbine inlet working fluid and increase the turbine inlet temperature, which can reduce system energy loss and improve system energy storage efficiency;
- the disclosed system has the advantages of small equipment size, simple and compact system, and high flexibility.
- Compressor 1 energy storage heat exchanger 2, high pressure storage tank 3, energy release heat exchanger 4, turbine 5, cooler 6, low pressure storage tank 7, regenerator 9, heat storage tank 10, cold storage tank 11 and heat pump 12;
- the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid includes carbon dioxide and a doping working fluid;
- the doping working fluid includes SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride), R161 (fluoroethane) and R32 (difluoromethane) at least one of them.
- the doping medium accounts for 10%-40% of the mass of the carbon dioxide mixed working medium.
- R32 has the molecular formula CH 2 F 2 and is a non-explosive, non-toxic, flammable and safe refrigerant.
- R32 is energy-saving, green, and does not harm the ozone layer. It has also become one of the new stars of modern refrigerants.
- SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
- SF6 is used as a refrigerant in the refrigeration industry, and its refrigeration range can be between -45°C and 0°C.
Abstract
The present invention provides a normal-temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system and method. One outlet of a compressor is sequentially connected to a hot side inlet of an energy storage heat exchanger, and the other outlet of the compressor is connected to a hot side inlet of a heat regenerator; a hot side outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger is sequentially connected to hot side inlets of a high-pressure storage tank, an energy release heat exchanger, and a cooler; a cold side outlet of the heat regenerator is connected to an inlet of the compressor; an outlet of a regenerator is sequentially connected to inlets of the energy storage heat exchanger, a heat accumulator, a heat pump, and the regenerator; and the heat pump is separately connected to the cooler and the energy release heat exchanger. According to the energy storage system, after a liquid low-pressure mixed working fluid is throttled, depressurized, heated, and gasified, the compressor is driven by surplus electric power to compress a gaseous working fluid, the compression work of the unit working fluid can be increased, and the flow of the working fluid is reduced, so as to reduce the storage amount of the working fluid, thereby reducing the size of a storage tank and improving the energy storage density.
Description
本公开属于储能技术领域，涉及一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统及方法。The present disclosure belongs to the field of energy storage technology and relates to a normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system and method.
为了减少污染物及二氧化碳排放，我国可再生能源迅速发展，光伏发电和风电等新能源装机容量迅速增长。但是，新能源受天气影响较大，出力具有间歇性、不稳定性等问题，上网会影响电网安全、稳定运行。为此，新能源有必要配合储能技术，通过将不稳定的、剩余的可再生能源电力存储起来，在需要时稳定输出电力，从而解决大规模可再生能源消纳问题。In order to reduce pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions, my country's renewable energy has developed rapidly, and the installed capacity of new energy sources such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power has grown rapidly. However, new energy sources are greatly affected by the weather, and their output has problems such as intermittent and instability. Going online will affect the safety and stable operation of the power grid. To this end, it is necessary for new energy to cooperate with energy storage technology to solve the problem of large-scale renewable energy consumption by storing unstable and surplus renewable energy power and stably outputting power when needed.
二氧化碳无毒、无污染，物理性质稳定，储量丰富，容易获取，临界点较为适中31.1℃，7.38MPa，易压缩。此外，超临界二氧化碳密度较大，可以显著降低设备体积，使得系统更加紧凑。所以，以二氧化碳为工质的机械储能系统被提出，用于大规模储能。但是，对于现有的压缩跨临界二氧化碳储能系统来说，由于工质临界温度较低，工质难以被常温冷却介质冷凝，需要额外消耗能量制冷，导致储能效率降低。Carbon dioxide is non-toxic, non-polluting, has stable physical properties, is abundant in reserves, and is easy to obtain. The critical point is relatively moderate at 31.1°C, 7.38MPa, and it is easy to compress. In addition, supercritical carbon dioxide has a higher density, which can significantly reduce the size of the equipment and make the system more compact. Therefore, mechanical energy storage systems using carbon dioxide as the working fluid have been proposed for large-scale energy storage. However, for the existing compressed transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system, due to the low critical temperature of the working fluid, it is difficult for the working fluid to be condensed by the normal temperature cooling medium, which requires additional energy consumption for refrigeration, resulting in a reduction in energy storage efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本公开的目的在于提供一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统及方法，通过在二氧化碳中混合其他物质，提高混合工质临界温度，从而可以使混合工质被常温冷却介质冷凝，并液态存储，有效解决储能密度低的问题。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system and method. By mixing other substances in carbon dioxide, the critical temperature of the mixed working fluid is increased, so that the mixing process can be The mass is condensed by the normal temperature cooling medium and stored in liquid state, effectively solving the problem of low energy storage density.
本公开是通过以下技术方案来实现：This disclosure is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，包括，A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system, including:
压缩机、储能换热器、高压储罐、释能换热器、透平、冷却器、低压储罐、回热器、蓄热罐、蓄冷罐和热泵；Compressors, energy storage heat exchangers, high-pressure storage tanks, energy-releasing heat exchangers, turbines, coolers, low-pressure storage tanks, regenerators, thermal storage tanks, cold storage tanks and heat pumps;
所述压缩机的出口分为两路，压缩机的一路出口依次与储能换热器的热侧进口连接，压缩机的另一路出口与回热器的热侧进口连接；所述储能换热器的热侧出口依次与高压储罐、释能换热器和透平的进口连接，所述透平的出口与冷却器的热侧进口连接，所述冷却器的热侧出口依次与低压储罐和回热器的冷侧进口连接，所述回热器的冷侧出口与压缩机的进口连接；所述蓄冷器的出口与储能换热器的冷侧进口连接，所述储能换热器的冷侧出口与蓄热器的进口连接，所述蓄热器的出口依次与热泵和蓄冷器的进口连接，所述热泵分别与冷却器和释能换热器连接。The outlet of the compressor is divided into two channels, one outlet of the compressor is connected to the hot side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger in turn, and the other outlet of the compressor is connected to the hot side inlet of the regenerator; the energy storage heat exchanger The hot side outlet of the heater is connected to the high-pressure storage tank, the energy release heat exchanger and the inlet of the turbine in turn. The outlet of the turbine is connected to the hot side inlet of the cooler. The hot side outlet of the cooler is connected to the low pressure outlet in turn. The storage tank is connected to the cold side inlet of the regenerator, and the cold side outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the compressor; the outlet of the cold storage is connected to the cold side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger, and the energy storage The cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the heat accumulator. The outlet of the heat accumulator is connected to the inlet of the heat pump and the cold accumulator in turn. The heat pump is connected to the cooler and the energy release heat exchanger respectively.
优选的，热泵的吸热端分为两路，其中所述热泵的一路吸热端的进口与蓄热器的出口连接，所述热泵的一路吸热端的出口与蓄冷器的进口连接；所述热泵的另一路吸热端进口与冷却器的冷侧出口连接，所述热泵的另一路吸热端出口与冷却器的冷侧进口连接。Preferably, the heat-absorbing end of the heat pump is divided into two paths, wherein the inlet of the heat-absorbing end of the heat pump is connected to the outlet of the regenerator, and the outlet of the heat-absorbing end of the heat pump is connected to the inlet of the regenerator; the heat pump The other heat-absorbing end inlet of the heat pump is connected to the cold-side outlet of the cooler, and the other heat-absorbing end outlet of the heat pump is connected to the cold-side inlet of the cooler.
优选的，所述热泵的放热端进口与释能换热器热侧出口连接，所述热泵的放热端出口与释能换热器的热侧进口连接。Preferably, the heat release end inlet of the heat pump is connected to the hot side outlet of the energy release heat exchanger, and the heat release end outlet of the heat pump is connected to the hot side inlet of the energy release heat exchanger.
优选的，所述低压储罐与回热器之间设置有节流阀。Preferably, a throttle valve is provided between the low-pressure storage tank and the regenerator.
优选的，所述二氧化碳混合工质包括二氧化碳和掺杂工质；所述掺杂工质包括SF6、R161和R32中的至少一种。Preferably, the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid includes carbon dioxide and a doping working fluid; the doping working fluid includes at least one of SF6, R161 and R32.
优选的，所述掺杂工质占二氧化碳混合工质质量的10％-40％。Preferably, the doping medium accounts for 10%-40% of the mass of the carbon dioxide mixed working medium.
优选的，所述高压储罐和低压储罐中存储的二氧化碳混合工质均为液态。Preferably, the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid stored in the high-pressure storage tank and the low-pressure storage tank is both liquid.
优选的，所述高压储罐工作压力为15～30MPa，工作温度为25℃～40℃。Preferably, the working pressure of the high-pressure storage tank is 15-30MPa, and the working temperature is 25°C-40°C.
优选的，所述低压储罐工作压力为6～8MPa，工作温度为25℃～40℃。Preferably, the working pressure of the low-pressure storage tank is 6 to 8 MPa, and the working temperature is 25°C to 40°C.
一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能方法，包括，A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage method, including:
储能时，低压储罐中的低压二氧化碳混合工质经回热器和压缩机进口的高温对二氧化碳混合工质加热后，成为气态二氧化碳混合工质后，再进入压缩机中进行压缩升压升温后，分成两路，分别在回热器和储能换热器中被冷凝液化， 然后存储进高压储罐中；蓄冷器中的蓄冷介质在储能换热器中吸热后，进入蓄热器中存储热量；When storing energy, the low-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working fluid in the low-pressure storage tank is heated by the high temperature of the regenerator and the compressor inlet, and becomes a gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working fluid, and then enters the compressor for compression, pressure, and temperature rise. After that, it is divided into two paths, which are condensed and liquefied in the regenerator and energy storage heat exchanger respectively, and then stored in a high-pressure storage tank; the cold storage medium in the cold storage tank absorbs heat in the energy storage heat exchanger and then enters the heat storage tank. Store heat in the device;
释能时，高压储罐中的高压二氧化碳混合工质先在释能换热器中被加热升温后，进入透平做功，并发电释放能量；透平排出的二氧化碳混合工质气体在冷却器中被冷却为液态，存储在低压储罐中；热泵从蓄热器中的蓄热介质和冷却器排出的气态二氧化碳混合工质中提取热量，并转换成高温热量，在释能换热器中加热二氧化碳混合工质。When releasing energy, the high-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working fluid in the high-pressure storage tank is first heated in the energy-releasing heat exchanger and then enters the turbine to do work and generate electricity to release energy; the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid gas discharged from the turbine is discharged in the cooler. It is cooled into a liquid state and stored in a low-pressure storage tank; the heat pump extracts heat from the heat storage medium in the accumulator and the gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working fluid discharged from the cooler, and converts it into high-temperature heat, which is heated in the energy-release heat exchanger. Carbon dioxide mixed working fluid.
与现有技术相比，本公开具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the existing technology, the present disclosure has the following beneficial technical effects:
本公开提供一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统及方法，其中，二氧化碳混合工质储能方法通过在二氧化碳中混合其他物质，提高混合工质临界温度，从而可以使混合工质被常温冷却介质冷凝，并液态存储，有效解决储能密度低的问题。同时，本公开储能系统通过对液态低压混合工质节流降压并加热气化后，用富余电力驱动压缩机对气态工质压缩，可以增大单位工质的压缩功，减小工质流量，从而减小工质的存储量，进而减小储罐体积，提高储能密度；此外，本公开的热泵从透平排气和蓄热介质中吸收低温热量，并转换为高温热量，用于加热透平进口工质，提高透平进口温度，可以减少系统能量损失，提高系统储能效率；The present disclosure provides a normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system and method. The carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage method increases the critical temperature of the mixed working fluid by mixing other substances in carbon dioxide, thereby allowing the mixed working fluid to be stored at room temperature. The cooling medium is condensed and stored in liquid state, effectively solving the problem of low energy storage density. At the same time, the disclosed energy storage system can increase the compression work per unit of working fluid and reduce the working fluid by throttling and depressurizing the liquid low-pressure mixed working fluid and heating and gasifying it, and then using the surplus electricity to drive the compressor to compress the gaseous working fluid. flow, thereby reducing the storage capacity of the working fluid, thereby reducing the volume of the storage tank and increasing the energy storage density; in addition, the heat pump of the present disclosure absorbs low-temperature heat from the turbine exhaust and heat storage medium, and converts it into high-temperature heat, using It is used to heat the turbine inlet working fluid and increase the turbine inlet temperature, which can reduce system energy loss and improve system energy storage efficiency;
进一步，本公开采用具有较高临界温度的混合工质，可以在常温下冷却为液态存储，可以提高储能密度。Furthermore, the present disclosure uses a mixed working fluid with a higher critical temperature, which can be cooled to liquid storage at normal temperature and can increase the energy storage density.
进一步，本公开系统具有设备体积小、系统简单紧凑以及灵活性高等的优势。Furthermore, the disclosed system has the advantages of small equipment size, simple and compact system, and high flexibility.
图1为本公开一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system disclosed in the present disclosure.
图中：压缩机1、储能换热器2、高压储罐3、释能换热器4、透平5、冷却器6、低压储罐7、节流阀8、回热器9、蓄热罐10、蓄冷罐11、热泵12；In the picture: compressor 1, energy storage heat exchanger 2, high pressure storage tank 3, energy release heat exchanger 4, turbine 5, cooler 6, low pressure storage tank 7, throttle valve 8, regenerator 9, storage tank Hot tank 10, cold storage tank 11, heat pump 12;
下面结合具体的实施例对本公开做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本公开的解释而不是限定。The present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are explanations rather than limitations of the present disclosure.
一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，包括，A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system, including:
压缩机1、储能换热器2、高压储罐3、释能换热器4、透平5、冷却器6、低压储罐7、回热器9、蓄热罐10、蓄冷罐11和热泵12； Compressor 1, energy storage heat exchanger 2, high pressure storage tank 3, energy release heat exchanger 4, turbine 5, cooler 6, low pressure storage tank 7, regenerator 9, heat storage tank 10, cold storage tank 11 and heat pump 12;
所述压缩机1的出口分为两路，压缩机1的一路出口依次与储能换热器2的热侧进口连接，压缩机1的另一路出口与回热器9的热侧进口连接；所述储能换热器2的热侧出口依次与高压储罐3、释能换热器4和透平5的进口连接，所述透平5的出口与冷却器6的热侧进口连接，所述冷却器6的热侧出口依次与低压储罐7和回热器9的冷侧进口连接，所述回热器9的冷侧出口与压缩机1的进口连接；The outlet of the compressor 1 is divided into two channels, one outlet of the compressor 1 is connected to the hot side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger 2 in turn, and the other outlet of the compressor 1 is connected to the hot side inlet of the regenerator 9; The hot side outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger 2 is connected to the high pressure storage tank 3, the energy release heat exchanger 4 and the inlet of the turbine 5 in sequence, and the outlet of the turbine 5 is connected to the hot side inlet of the cooler 6. The hot side outlet of the cooler 6 is connected to the low pressure storage tank 7 and the cold side inlet of the regenerator 9 in turn, and the cold side outlet of the regenerator 9 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 1;
所述蓄冷器11的出口与储能换热器2的冷侧进口连接，所述储能换热器2的冷侧出口与蓄热器10的进口连接，所述蓄热器10的出口依次与热泵12和蓄冷器11的进口连接，所述热泵12分别与冷却器6和释能换热器4连接。The outlet of the cold accumulator 11 is connected to the cold side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger 2, the cold side outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of the heat accumulator 10, and the outlet of the heat accumulator 10 is connected in sequence. It is connected to the inlet of the heat pump 12 and the regenerator 11, and the heat pump 12 is connected to the cooler 6 and the energy release heat exchanger 4 respectively.
其中，热泵是一种将低温热源的热能转移到高温热源的装置，来实现制冷和供暖。热泵在工作时，它本身消耗一部分能量，将环境介质中贮存的能量加以挖掘，通过传热工质循环系统提高温度进行利用，而整个热泵装置所消耗的功仅为输出功中的一小部分，因此，采用热泵技术可以节约大量高品位能源。所述热泵12的吸热端分为两路，其中所述热泵12的一路吸热端的进口与蓄热器10的出口连接，所述热泵12的一路吸热端的出口与蓄冷器11的进口连接；所述热泵12的另一路吸热端进口与冷却器6的冷侧出口连接，所述热泵12的另一路吸热端出口与冷却器6的冷侧进口连接。Among them, a heat pump is a device that transfers thermal energy from a low-temperature heat source to a high-temperature heat source to achieve cooling and heating. When the heat pump is working, it consumes a part of the energy itself, taps the energy stored in the environmental medium, and raises the temperature through the heat transfer medium circulation system for utilization. The work consumed by the entire heat pump device is only a small part of the output work. , Therefore, using heat pump technology can save a lot of high-grade energy. The heat-absorbing end of the heat pump 12 is divided into two paths. The inlet of the heat-absorbing end of the heat pump 12 is connected to the outlet of the heat accumulator 10 . The outlet of the heat-absorbing end of the heat pump 12 is connected to the inlet of the regenerator 11 . ; The other heat-absorbing end inlet of the heat pump 12 is connected to the cold-side outlet of the cooler 6 , and the other heat-absorbing end outlet of the heat pump 12 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the cooler 6 .
所述热泵12的放热端进口与释能换热器4热侧出口连接，所述热泵12的放热端出口与释能换热器4的热侧进口连接。The heat release end inlet of the heat pump 12 is connected to the hot side outlet of the energy release heat exchanger 4 , and the heat release end outlet of the heat pump 12 is connected to the hot side inlet of the energy release heat exchanger 4 .
作为本公开的优选实施方式，所述高压储罐3和低压储罐7存储的二氧化碳混合工质均为液态，液态工质密度高，可以减小高压储罐3和低压储罐7体积，提高储能密度。As a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid stored in the high-pressure storage tank 3 and the low-pressure storage tank 7 is both liquid, and the density of the liquid working fluid is high, which can reduce the volume of the high-pressure storage tank 3 and the low-pressure storage tank 7 and improve Energy storage density.
作为本公开的优选实施方式，所述低压储罐7与回热器9之间设置有节流阀8，所述节流阀8对工质节流降压，压缩机1出口分流一部分工质进入回热器9，用于加热节流后的工质，气态工质单位压缩功较大，可以减小工质流量，从而减小存储工质的体积，提高储能密度。As a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, a throttle valve 8 is provided between the low-pressure storage tank 7 and the regenerator 9. The throttle valve 8 throttles and depressurizes the working fluid, and the outlet of the compressor 1 diverts a part of the working fluid. Entering the regenerator 9, it is used to heat the throttled working fluid. The unit compression work of the gaseous working fluid is larger, which can reduce the flow of the working fluid, thereby reducing the volume of the stored working fluid and increasing the energy storage density.
作为本公开的优选实施方式，所述热泵12从蓄热器10介质和透平5排气中取热，然后在释能换热器4中放热，用于加热工质，可以减小能量损失，从事提高了透平5入口温度，可以有效提高储能效率。As a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the heat pump 12 takes heat from the medium of the regenerator 10 and the exhaust gas of the turbine 5, and then releases heat in the energy-releasing heat exchanger 4 for heating the working medium, which can reduce energy The loss increases the inlet temperature of turbine 5, which can effectively improve the energy storage efficiency.
作为本公开的优选实施方式，高压储罐3工作压力为15～30MPa，工作温度25～40℃。低压储罐7工作压力为6～8MPa，工作温度为25～40℃。As a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the working pressure of the high-pressure storage tank 3 is 15 to 30 MPa, and the working temperature is 25 to 40°C. The working pressure of the low-pressure storage tank 7 is 6-8MPa, and the working temperature is 25-40°C.
作为本公开的优选实施方式，所述二氧化碳混合工质包括二氧化碳和掺杂工质；所述掺杂工质包括SF6(六氟化硫)、R161(氟乙烷)和R32(二氟甲烷)中至少一种。所述掺杂工质占二氧化碳混合工质质量的10％-40％。其中，R32分子式CH
2F
2，为不爆炸、无毒、可燃、安全的制冷剂。R32的节能、绿色、不伤害臭氧层也成为了现代冷媒的新星之一。SF6(六氟化硫)作为冷冻工业作为制冷剂，制冷范围可在-45℃～0℃之间。
As a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid includes carbon dioxide and a doping working fluid; the doping working fluid includes SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride), R161 (fluoroethane) and R32 (difluoromethane) at least one of them. The doping medium accounts for 10%-40% of the mass of the carbon dioxide mixed working medium. Among them, R32 has the molecular formula CH 2 F 2 and is a non-explosive, non-toxic, flammable and safe refrigerant. R32 is energy-saving, green, and does not harm the ozone layer. It has also become one of the new stars of modern refrigerants. SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) is used as a refrigerant in the refrigeration industry, and its refrigeration range can be between -45°C and 0°C.
一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能方法，包括，A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage method, including:
储能时，低压储罐7中的低压二氧化碳混合工质经回热器9和压缩机1进口的高温对二氧化碳混合工质加热后，成为气态二氧化碳混合工质后，再进入压缩机1中进行压缩升压升温后，分成两路，分别在回热器9和储能换热器2中被冷凝液化，然后存储进高压储罐3中；蓄冷器11中的蓄冷介质在储能换热器2中吸热后，进入蓄热器10中存储热量；When storing energy, the low-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working fluid in the low-pressure storage tank 7 is heated by the high temperature of the regenerator 9 and the inlet of the compressor 1, and becomes a gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working fluid, and then enters the compressor 1 for processing. After compression, pressure and temperature rise, it is divided into two paths, which are condensed and liquefied in the regenerator 9 and the energy storage heat exchanger 2 respectively, and then stored in the high-pressure storage tank 3; the cold storage medium in the cold storage 11 is stored in the energy storage heat exchanger After absorbing heat in 2, it enters the heat accumulator 10 to store the heat;
释能时，高压储罐3中的高压二氧化碳混合工质先在释能换热器4中被加 热升温后，进入透平5做功，并发电释放能量；透平5排出的二氧化碳混合工质气体在冷却器6中被冷却为液态，存储在低压储罐7中；热泵12从蓄热器10中的蓄热介质和冷却器6排出的二氧化碳混合工质中提取热量，并转换成高温热量，在释能换热器4中去加热二氧化碳混合工质。When releasing energy, the high-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working fluid in the high-pressure storage tank 3 is first heated in the energy-releasing heat exchanger 4 and then enters the turbine 5 to perform work and generate electricity to release energy; the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid gas discharged from turbine 5 It is cooled to a liquid state in the cooler 6 and stored in the low-pressure storage tank 7; the heat pump 12 extracts heat from the heat storage medium in the heat accumulator 10 and the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid discharged from the cooler 6, and converts it into high-temperature heat. The carbon dioxide mixed working medium is heated in the energy release heat exchanger 4.
具体的优选实施过程如下：The specific preferred implementation process is as follows:
如图1所示，一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，包括储能系统、释能系统和蓄能系统；As shown in Figure 1, a normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system includes an energy storage system, an energy release system and an energy storage system;
储能系统包括低压储罐7、节流阀8、回热器9、压缩机1、储能换热器2和高压储罐3；所述低压储罐7出口与节流阀8进口相连通，节流阀8出口与回热器9冷测进口相连通，回热器9冷测出口与压缩机1进口相连通，压缩机1出口分成两路：一路与储能换热器2热侧进口相连通，储能换热器2热侧出口与高压储罐3进口相连通；另一路与回热器9热侧进口相连通，回热器9热侧出口与高压储罐3进口相连通。The energy storage system includes a low-pressure storage tank 7, a throttle valve 8, a regenerator 9, a compressor 1, an energy storage heat exchanger 2 and a high-pressure storage tank 3; the outlet of the low-pressure storage tank 7 is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve 8 , the outlet of throttle valve 8 is connected to the cold test inlet of regenerator 9, the cold test outlet of regenerator 9 is connected to the inlet of compressor 1, the outlet of compressor 1 is divided into two paths: one path is connected to the hot side of energy storage heat exchanger 2 The inlet is connected, the hot side outlet of energy storage heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of high-pressure storage tank 3; the other road is connected to the hot side inlet of regenerator 9, and the hot side outlet of regenerator 9 is connected to the inlet of high-pressure storage tank 3. .
释能系统包括高压储罐3、释能换热器4、透平5、冷却器6和低压储罐7；所述高压储罐3出口与释能换热器4进口相连通，释能换热器4出口与透平5进口相连通，透平5出口与冷却器6热侧进口相连通，冷却器6热侧出口与低压储罐7相连通；The energy release system includes a high-pressure storage tank 3, an energy-release heat exchanger 4, a turbine 5, a cooler 6 and a low-pressure storage tank 7; the outlet of the high-pressure storage tank 3 is connected to the inlet of the energy release heat exchanger 4, and the energy release heat exchanger 4 The outlet of heater 4 is connected to the inlet of turbine 5, the outlet of turbine 5 is connected to the hot side inlet of cooler 6, and the hot side outlet of cooler 6 is connected to low pressure storage tank 7;
蓄能系统包括储能换热器2、蓄热罐10、蓄冷罐11、热泵12、释能换热器4和冷却器6；蓄冷器11出口与储能换热器4冷侧进口相连通，储能换热器4冷侧出口与蓄热器10进口相连通，蓄热器10出口和蓄冷器11进口分别与热泵12吸热端相连通，冷却器6冷侧进口和冷侧出口分别与热泵12吸热端相连通，热泵12放热端与释能换热器4热侧进口和热侧出口相连通。The energy storage system includes energy storage heat exchanger 2, heat storage tank 10, cold storage tank 11, heat pump 12, energy release heat exchanger 4 and cooler 6; the outlet of cold storage 11 is connected to the cold side inlet of energy storage heat exchanger 4 , the cold side outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of the heat accumulator 10, the outlet of the heat accumulator 10 and the inlet of the cold accumulator 11 are connected to the heat absorption end of the heat pump 12 respectively, and the cold side inlet and cold side outlet of the cooler 6 are respectively connected. It is connected with the heat absorption end of the heat pump 12, and the heat release end of the heat pump 12 is connected with the hot side inlet and the hot side outlet of the energy releasing heat exchanger 4.
如图1所示，一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统的运行方法，储能时，低压储罐7中的低压二氧化碳通过节流阀8节流降压，工质部分气化，然后经回热器9利用压缩机1出口的较高温度的工质加热后，成为气态工质， 再进入压缩机1，富余电力驱动压缩机1对工质压缩升压升温后，分成两路，分别在回热器9和储能换热器2中被冷凝液化，然后存储进高压储罐3；蓄冷器11中的介质在储能换热器2中吸热后，进入蓄热器10；As shown in Figure 1, an operation method of a normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system is used. During energy storage, the low-pressure carbon dioxide in the low-pressure storage tank 7 is throttled and depressurized through the throttle valve 8, and the working fluid is partially vaporized. Then it is heated by the higher temperature working fluid at the outlet of compressor 1 through the regenerator 9, and becomes a gaseous working fluid, and then enters the compressor 1. The surplus electricity drives the compressor 1 to compress, boost and heat the working fluid, and then it is divided into two paths. , are condensed and liquefied in the regenerator 9 and the energy storage heat exchanger 2 respectively, and then stored in the high-pressure storage tank 3; after the medium in the cold storage 11 absorbs heat in the energy storage heat exchanger 2, it enters the heat storage 10 ;
释能时，高压储罐2中的高压二氧化碳先在释能换热器4中被加热升温后，进入透平5做功，并发电释放能量；透平5排气在冷却器6中被冷却为液态，存储在低压储罐7中；热泵12从蓄热器10中的蓄热介质和冷却器6中排气取热，并转换成高温热量，在释能换热器4中加热工质。When releasing energy, the high-pressure carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank 2 is first heated in the energy-releasing heat exchanger 4 and then enters the turbine 5 to do work and generate electricity to release energy; the exhaust gas of turbine 5 is cooled in the cooler 6 to The liquid state is stored in the low-pressure storage tank 7; the heat pump 12 takes heat from the heat storage medium in the regenerator 10 and the exhaust gas in the cooler 6, and converts it into high-temperature heat, which is heated in the energy-releasing heat exchanger 4.
Claims (10)
- 一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，包括，A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system, which is characterized by:压缩机(1)、储能换热器(2)、高压储罐(3)、释能换热器(4)、透平(5)、冷却器(6)、低压储罐(7)、回热器(9)、蓄热罐(10)、蓄冷罐(11)和热泵(12)；Compressor (1), energy storage heat exchanger (2), high pressure storage tank (3), energy release heat exchanger (4), turbine (5), cooler (6), low pressure storage tank (7), Regenerator (9), heat storage tank (10), cold storage tank (11) and heat pump (12);所述压缩机(1)的出口分为两路，压缩机(1)的一路出口与储能换热器(2)的热侧进口连接，压缩机(1)的另一路出口与回热器(9)的热侧进口连接；所述储能换热器(2)的热侧出口依次与高压储罐(3)、释能换热器(4)和透平(5)的进口连接，所述透平(5)的出口与冷却器(6)的热侧进口连接，所述冷却器(6)的热侧出口依次与低压储罐(7)和回热器(9)的冷侧进口连接，所述回热器(9)的冷侧出口与压缩机(1)的进口连接；所述蓄冷器(11)的出口与储能换热器(2)的冷侧进口连接，所述储能换热器(2)的冷侧出口与蓄热器(10)的进口连接，所述蓄热器(10)的出口依次与热泵(12)和蓄冷器(11)的进口连接，所述热泵(12)分别与冷却器(6)和释能换热器(4)连接。The outlet of the compressor (1) is divided into two channels. One outlet of the compressor (1) is connected to the hot side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger (2), and the other outlet of the compressor (1) is connected to the regenerator. The hot side inlet of (9) is connected; the hot side outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger (2) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure storage tank (3), the energy release heat exchanger (4) and the turbine (5) in sequence, The outlet of the turbine (5) is connected to the hot side inlet of the cooler (6), and the hot side outlet of the cooler (6) is sequentially connected to the low pressure storage tank (7) and the cold side of the regenerator (9). The inlet is connected, and the cold side outlet of the regenerator (9) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (1); the outlet of the regenerator (11) is connected to the cold side inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger (2), so The cold side outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger (2) is connected to the inlet of the heat accumulator (10), and the outlet of the heat accumulator (10) is connected in turn to the inlet of the heat pump (12) and the cold accumulator (11), The heat pump (12) is connected to the cooler (6) and the energy release heat exchanger (4) respectively.
- 根据权利要求1所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述热泵(12)的吸热端分为两路，所述热泵(12)的一路吸热端的进口与蓄热器(10)的出口连接，所述热泵(12)的一路吸热端的出口与蓄冷器(11)的进口连接；所述热泵(12)的另一路吸热端进口与冷却器(6)的冷侧出口连接，所述热泵(12)的另一路吸热端出口与冷却器(6)的冷侧进口连接。A room-temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-absorbing end of the heat pump (12) is divided into two paths, and the inlet of the heat-absorbing end of the heat pump (12) is It is connected with the outlet of the heat accumulator (10), and the outlet of one heat-absorbing end of the heat pump (12) is connected with the inlet of the cold accumulator (11); the other heat-absorbing end inlet of the heat pump (12) is connected with the cooler (12). The cold side outlet of the heat pump (12) is connected to the cold side outlet of the heat pump (12), and the other heat absorbing end outlet of the heat pump (12) is connected to the cold side inlet of the cooler (6).
- 根据权利要求1所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述热泵(12)的放热端进口与释能换热器(4)热侧出口连接，所述热泵(12)的放热端出口与释能换热器(4)的热侧进口连接。A room temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat release end inlet of the heat pump (12) is connected to the hot side outlet of the energy release heat exchanger (4), and the The heat release end outlet of the heat pump (12) is connected to the hot side inlet of the energy release heat exchanger (4).
- 根据权利要求1所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述低压储罐(7)与回热器(9)之间设置有节流阀(8)。A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that a throttle valve (8) is provided between the low-pressure storage tank (7) and the regenerator (9).
- 根据权利要求1所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述二氧化碳混合工质包括二氧化碳和掺杂工质；所述掺杂工质包括SF6、R161和R32中的至少一种。A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon dioxide mixed working medium includes carbon dioxide and a doping working medium; the doping working medium includes SF6, R161 and R32. of at least one.
- 根据权利要求5所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述掺杂工质占二氧化碳混合工质质量的10％-40％。A room temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that the doped working medium accounts for 10%-40% of the mass of the carbon dioxide mixed working medium.
- 根据权利要求1所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述高压储罐(3)和低压储罐(7)中存储的二氧化碳混合工质均为液态。A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid stored in the high-pressure storage tank (3) and the low-pressure storage tank (7) is both liquid.
- 根据权利要求1所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述高压储罐(3)工作压力为15～30MPa，工作温度为25℃～40℃。A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the working pressure of the high-pressure storage tank (3) is 15-30MPa, and the working temperature is 25°C-40°C.
- 根据权利要求1所述一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，其特征在于，所述低压储罐(7)工作压力为6～8MPa，工作温度为25℃～40℃。A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the working pressure of the low-pressure storage tank (7) is 6-8MPa, and the working temperature is 25°C-40°C.
- 一种常温液态压缩二氧化碳混合工质储能方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1-9任一项所述的二氧化碳混合工质储能系统，包括，A normal temperature liquid compressed carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage method, characterized in that, based on the carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, including:储能时，低压储罐(7)中的低压二氧化碳混合工质经回热器(9)和压缩机(1)进口的高温对二氧化碳混合工质加热后，成为气态二氧化碳混合工质后，再进入压缩机(1)中进行压缩升压升温后，分成两路，分别在回热器(9)和储能换热器(2)中被冷凝液化，然后存储进高压储罐(3)中；蓄冷器(11)中的蓄冷介质在储能换热器(2)中吸热后，进入蓄热器(10)中存储热量；When storing energy, the low-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working fluid in the low-pressure storage tank (7) is heated by the high temperature at the inlet of the regenerator (9) and the compressor (1), and then becomes a gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working fluid. After entering the compressor (1) for compression, pressure, and temperature rise, it is divided into two paths, condensed and liquefied in the regenerator (9) and the energy storage heat exchanger (2), and then stored in the high-pressure storage tank (3) ; After the cold storage medium in the cold storage device (11) absorbs heat in the energy storage heat exchanger (2), it enters the heat storage device (10) to store heat;释能时，高压储罐(3)中的高压二氧化碳混合工质先在释能换热器(4)中被加热升温后，进入透平(5)做功，并发电释放能量；透平(5)排出的二氧化碳混合工质气体在冷却器(6)中被冷却为液态，存储在低压储罐(7)中；热泵(12)从蓄热器(10)中的蓄热介质和冷却器(6)排出的气态二氧化碳混合工质中提取热量，并转换成高温热量，在释能换热器(4)中加热二氧化碳混合工质。When releasing energy, the high-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working fluid in the high-pressure storage tank (3) is first heated in the energy-releasing heat exchanger (4), and then enters the turbine (5) to do work and generate electricity to release energy; the turbine (5) ) is cooled to a liquid state in the cooler (6) and stored in the low-pressure storage tank (7); the heat pump (12) extracts the heat storage medium from the heat accumulator (10) and the cooler ( 6) Extract heat from the discharged gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working medium, convert it into high-temperature heat, and heat the carbon dioxide mixed working medium in the energy-releasing heat exchanger (4).
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