CN116335823A - Combined cycle system combined with Allam cycle type power station and low-temperature cycle method - Google Patents
Combined cycle system combined with Allam cycle type power station and low-temperature cycle method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/06—Flash distillation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/006—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a combined cycle power generation system and a low-temperature circulation method combined with an Allam circulation type power station, wherein the system comprises: the Allam semi-closed circulation loop is used for obtaining pure liquid CO after the combustion products of the carbonaceous fuel are subjected to turbine work, heat recovery, water removal and condensation in sequence 2 Circulating medium, part of liquid CO 2 GasificationThen enters a combustion chamber in an Allam semi-closed circulation loop, and partial liquid CO 2 Gasification as a cooling stream to the turbine, part of the CO 2 Entering carbon capture; the second circulating medium flows in the open loop, is ultra-low temperature fluid, is used as an external cold source to cool combustion products and absorb heat of the combustion products, and is heated and gasified, the heated and gasified second circulating medium adopts heat absorption to directly expand and do work, and part of the expanded second circulating medium enters the Allam circulating combustion chamber. The ultralow-temperature fluid can help the working medium in the semi-closed circulation to be condensed more effectively, and meanwhile, the system has higher functional capacity and higher system efficiency.
Description
The present application claims priority from the inventive patent application having application number 202211483848.5, application number 2022, 11/24, and entitled "combined cycle system and cryogenic cycle method in combination with alam cycle type power plant", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation systems, in particular to a combined cycle system combined with an Allam cycle type power station and a low-temperature cycle method.
Background
The Allam cycle refers to an oxyfuel combustion with only H as the combustion product 2 O and CO 2 Supercritical CO with carbon capture 2 The brayton semi-closed cycle is different from the existing supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle, the turbine inlet temperature can reach more than 1100 ℃, so the thermodynamic efficiency is higher, the theoretical 100% carbon capture can be realized, the brayton semi-closed cycle is currently concerned by global scholars and engineers, and common fuels can be natural gas, water gas (H) 2 +CO), hydrogen (H) 2 ) Hydrocarbon fuel, etc. Typical alam cycle is fuelled with natural gas, compressed and then with high pressure O 2 And high pressure CO 2 After the mixture of (2) is combusted in the combustion chamber, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the turbine to do work, and after the turbine exhaust gas is recovered by the heat regenerator, the combustion product is only H in theory 2 O and CO 2 Therefore, high-purity CO can be obtained after the water separation step 2 Thus, carbon trapping can be performed. Residual high purity CO after partial carbon capture 2 After cooling and recompression, the waste heat of turbine exhaust gas is absorbed by a heat regenerator and then is combined with O 2 After mixing, the mixture enters a combustion chamber to serve as a combustion improver, and the cycle is continuously repeated.
Due to the requirement of the Allam cycle to remove CO after water 2 Carbon capture is performed at high pressure, whereas in existing systems CO after removal of water 2 Still in the form of a low pressure gas, and carbon capture cannot be performed. Therefore, the prior method is to add a compression device before carbon capture, and first add low-pressure gaseous CO 2 Compressing to liquid state, then collecting, the advantage of this method is: liquid CO 2 Density is far greater than gaseous CO 2 The characteristics of the storage device after trapping are greatly saved, and the CO is further saved 2 Manufacturing costs of the memory device. But has the disadvantage of high power consumption of the compression device and affecting the system efficiency. Another alternative is to reduce the maximum temperature of the cycle and increase turbine back pressure, which can then remove the high pressure gaseous CO without the need for compression means 2 Condensation is carried out by conventional cooling. However, this practice limits CO by reducing the combustor exit temperature and turbine exit pressure 2 Expansion work also causes a decrease in system efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a combined cycle power generation system and a low-temperature cycle method which are combined with an Allam cycle type power station, wherein ultralow-temperature fluid is used as an external cold source and a cycle medium CO in an Allam semi-closed cycle loop 2 Heat exchange is carried out to make gaseous CO under lower pressure 2 The circulating medium is cooled to liquid state, and CO in liquid state 2 Can directly carry out carbon captureThe compressor is not needed, the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber is reduced, the back pressure of the first turbine is increased, therefore, the power consumption of the system can be greatly saved, and the system efficiency is remarkably improved. On the other hand, CO at lower turbine outlet pressure 2 The lower limit of the acting capacity can be lowered, the acting capacity of the system is improved, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. The heat energy obtained by temperature rise after the cold energy of the external cold source is utilized is directly expanded in an open loop to do work; the efficiency of the system is improved, and the full utilization of energy is realized.
The invention provides a combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant, comprising: an Allam semi-closed circulation loop, combustion of carbon-containing fuel and pure oxygen in the Allam semi-closed circulation loop provides heat, combustion products of the carbon-containing fuel and circulating CO 2 The pure liquid CO is obtained after turbine work, heat recovery, water removal and condensation in turn 2 Circulating medium, part of liquid CO 2 The circulating medium is pressurized, mixed with pure oxygen, heated and gasified to be used as circulating CO 2 Reenter combustion chamber in Allam semi-closed circulation loop, partial liquid CO 2 The circulating medium is pressurized, heated and gasified, and then is used as a cooling flow of a turbine to be introduced into the turbine of the Allam semi-closed cycle and part of CO 2 The circulating medium enters a carbon trapping device; the second circulation medium flows in the open loop, the second circulation medium is ultralow-temperature fluid fuel with the temperature below-150 ℃, the open loop exchanges heat with the alam semi-closed circulation loop, the second circulation medium is used as an external cold source to cool combustion products and absorb heat of the combustion products, the temperature of the combustion products is increased and gasified, the second circulation medium after temperature increase and gasification adopts heat absorption to directly expand and do work, and part of the expanded second circulation medium is used as fuel or combustion improver to enter the alam semi-closed circulation loop.
The ultra-low temperature fluid is used as an external cold source and a circulating medium CO in an Allam semi-closed circulating loop 2 Heat exchange is carried out to make gaseous CO 2 The circulating medium is cooled to liquid state, and CO in liquid state 2 The carbon capture can be directly carried out without a compression device or the temperature of the outlet of the combustion chamber is reduced and the back pressure of the first turbine is increased, thereby greatly saving the system consumptionWork, system efficiency is obviously improved. On the other hand, CO at lower turbine outlet pressure 2 The lower limit of the acting capacity can be lowered, the acting capacity of the system is improved, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. The heat energy obtained by temperature rise after the cold energy of the external cold source is utilized is directly expanded in an open loop to do work; the efficiency of the system is improved, and the full utilization of energy is realized.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, the semi-closed circulation loop comprises a first turbine, a regenerator, a first cooler, a water separation device, a second cooler, a first flow divider and a first branch fluid separated by the first flow divider, which are sequentially connected, enter a carbon capture device, the second branch fluid separated by the first flow divider sequentially flows through a first booster pump to enter the second flow divider for flow division, the first branch fluid separated by the second flow divider is connected with a second booster pump, the second branch fluid separated by the second flow divider is mixed with oxygen and then is introduced into a third booster pump, fluid at an outlet of the second booster pump flows into the regenerator after passing through a first environmental heat absorber, fluid at an outlet of the third booster pump flows into the regenerator after passing through a second environmental heat absorber, a part of fluid at an outlet of the regenerator enters the first turbine, a part of the fluid enters a combustion chamber, and the fluid entering the combustion chamber enters the next round for circulation;
the open loop comprises a fourth booster pump, a second cooler, a first cooler, a third environment heat absorber, a third flow divider and a second turbine which are connected in sequence, wherein a first branch flow split by the third flow divider enters the second turbine to do work, and a second branch flow split by the third flow divider enters the combustion chamber of the semi-closed cycle to be used as fuel for combustion.
In the conventional Allam cycle, the first cooler and the second cooler usually use cooling water as cooling medium, so that CO at the outlet pressure of the first turbine cannot be recycled 2 The circulating medium is cooled to liquid, so that the subsequent pressurizing process is completed by a gas compressor, and the power consumption of the gas compressor is far greater than that of a booster pump, so that the overall efficiency of the system is limited. Another alternative is to raise the outlet pressure of the first turbine, so the saturation temperature of the fluid will also rise with it, and then the cooling water can be used for condensation, but with itThe pressure ratio becomes smaller when the outlet pressure of the first turbine is increased, and the output work of the first turbine is reduced more remarkably. In the technical proposal, the ultralow temperature fluid is adopted as the cooling medium, and CO can be carried out under lower turbine outlet pressure 2 The condensation of the circulating medium remarkably saves the subsequent power consumption and collects the absorbed waste heat, so that the reasonable utilization of energy is realized. Further, the cooling heat exchange of the ultralow temperature fluid does not only occur in the second cooler, but also the first cooler is arranged in front of the water separation device of the alam semi-closed circulation loop, so that the ultralow temperature fluid firstly passes through the second cooler and then passes through the first cooler in front of the water separation device to carry out graded heat transfer.
The operating pressure at the first and second coolers is equal to the pressure at the first turbine outlet, and the second circulating medium is pressurized by cooling the gaseous circulating medium at the first cooler to below the saturated liquid temperature at the pressure and then by pumping to meet the pressure at the first turbine inlet.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the CO at the outlet of the first cooler 2 The circulating medium is in a gaseous form, and the CO at the outlet of the second cooler 2 The circulating medium is in liquid form.
According to the technical proposal, the first cooler liquefies water into the water separation device, and the gaseous CO at the outlet of the first cooler 2 Enters a second cooler to be further cooled into liquid state, and can directly cool liquid CO 2 The trapping is carried out without a compression device or the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber and the back pressure of the first turbine are reduced, so that the power consumption of the system can be greatly saved, and the system efficiency is remarkably improved.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the second circulating medium is liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrogen.
According to the technical scheme, liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrogen (saturation temperature is minus 252 ℃ and 182 ℃) has higher cold energy, and can absorb the waste heat of turbine exhaust without functional power in the alam semi-closed circulation loop, so that the turbine exhaust without functional power has the functional power again, the energy utilization rate and the operation efficiency of the combined cycle power generation system are improved, and the natural gas or hydrogen which absorbs heat and expands into gas can also be directly used as fuel in the alam semi-closed circulation loop.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, the closed circulation system further comprises a one-stage or multi-stage closed circulation loop, a third circulation medium flows in the closed circulation loop, the closed circulation loop comprises a third cooler, a fifth booster pump, a second cooler, a third turbine, a first cooler and a fourth turbine which are sequentially communicated and arranged to form a closed loop, the third cooler is arranged between the fourth booster pump and a third environment heating device, the second circulation medium exchanges heat with the closed circulation loop through the third cooler, the closed circulation loop exchanges heat with the alam semi-closed circulation loop through the second cooler and the first cooler, and the third circulation medium is one or a combination of more of carbon dioxide, alkane, alkene and freon.
According to the technical scheme, the arrangement of the closed circulation loop can avoid the too low temperature of the ultralow temperature cooling medium so as to circulate the Allam-type CO 2 The circulating medium is cooled to a temperature below the triple point, so that icing occurs, and dangerous accidents are caused. And a proper circulating medium is selected in the closed circulation loop, so that the total flow of the whole combined cycle power generation system can be increased, and the generated energy is improved. The closed circulation loop adopts CO 2 As a circulating medium, and pressurizing process CO 2 Exists in a liquid state and is CO before expansion work 2 Is completely heated to the gaseous state, so that the heat absorption capacity of the circulating medium in the closed circulation loop at the first cooler and the second cooler can be matched with the CO in the Allam semi-closed circulation loop 2 The heat release of the circulating medium. When the circulating medium in the closed circulation loop exchanges heat with the circulating medium in the semi-closed circulation at the first cooler and the second cooler, the circulating mediums in the two circulation are CO 2 Under the condition that the temperature areas are almost the same, the two are subjected to phase change, and the temperature changes are matched, so that the heat transfer deterioration phenomenon at the first cooler and the second cooler can not occur, and the possibility of reducing the system efficiency is eliminated.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, an electric power output end of the combined cycle power generation system is connected with an air separation device and a liquid oxygen storage tank, low-temperature liquid oxygen generated by the air separation device enters the liquid oxygen storage tank to be stored, an outlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank is communicated with an inlet of a first booster pump, and the low-temperature liquid oxygen is a second circulating medium.
According to the technical scheme, when electricity consumption is low-peak, the combined cycle power generation system can drive an air compressor in the air separation device by redundant electricity, high-pressure air throttles and expands through an expansion valve after being cooled and impurities are filtered, liquid oxygen and gaseous nitrogen are produced by utilizing the difference of boiling points of nitrogen and oxygen, the separated liquid oxygen is stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank, and when electricity consumption is high, low-temperature liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank enters an open loop to generate electricity by utilizing cold energy of the liquid oxygen, so that electricity consumption requirements are met. Thereby improving system flexibility. The high-pressure liquid oxygen obtained by the air separation device has extremely low temperature, and the low-temperature liquid oxygen can be directly used as a combustion improver of an alam semi-closed type circulation loop when serving as a second circulation medium and entering a combustion chamber after being heated, gasified, heat exchanged and doing work is discharged from a second turbine, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, a low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged in front of a low-temperature rectifying tower in the air separation device, and liquid low-temperature fuel which is ready to be led into a combustion chamber in the Allam cycle is released by the low-temperature heat exchanger, so that the air temperature is reduced, and the air temperature is more approximate to the air separation temperature. Due to the additional cold energy supply, the air separation device can obviously reduce the work consumption of the air compression process of the air separation device while ensuring the unchanged production capacity. The produced low-temperature liquid oxygen is stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank, enters an open loop to generate electricity by using cold energy when the combined cycle power generation system works, and can be gasified after the cold energy is released by the liquid oxygen and then can be introduced into an Allam cycle combustion chamber to be used as a combustion improver.
According to the scheme, the cold energy of the liquid fuel which is difficult to store can be transferred to the liquid oxygen which is easy to store, and the consumption of electric energy required in the air separation device is omitted due to the input of external cold energy in the cold energy transfer process. On the basis of improving the flexibility of the system, the energy utilization efficiency in the system is further improved.
In the alternative technical scheme of the invention, the electric power of the combined cycle power generation system is directly output to a user, the air separation device is driven by additional electric energy, a low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged in the air separation device, and the carbon-containing fuel is cooled by the low-temperature heat exchanger and enters the combustion chamber for combustion.
According to the technical scheme, the electric energy source can be power supply of a power grid or residual electric energy after the power generation system generates power and surfing the internet, so that the energy utilization in the system is improved.
In an alternative technical scheme of the invention, a reheating device is arranged between the third turbine and the fourth turbine.
According to the technical proposal, the circulating medium firstly absorbs CO in the semi-closed circulation 2 The heat released in the condensation process is expanded by a third turbine to do work and then enters a reheating device to absorb H 2 The heat released by O condensation then enters a fourth turbine to do further work, and the temperature of the circulating medium is raised by a reheating device, so that the circulating medium of the closed circulating loop can expand and do work at a higher temperature as much as possible, and the net work of the system is increased.
The invention further provides a low-temperature circulation method of the combined cycle power generation system combined with the Allam circulation type power station, which comprises the following steps of:
the open loop comprises:
a pressurizing step: pressurizing the second circulating medium in liquid form;
a first heat exchange step: the pressurized second circulating medium absorbs CO in the Allam semi-closed circulating loop 2 Or CO 2 And H is 2 The liquefied latent heat of the O circulation medium and the second circulation medium are heated and gasified;
the first acting step: the heated second circulating medium directly expands outwards to do work, and the temperature and pressure of the second circulating medium are reduced;
a shunt step: part of the second circulating medium after the first heat exchange step is led into an Allam closed circulating loop through diversion to serve as fuel;
in the closed cycle, the method comprises the following steps:
a compression step of pressurizing the third circulating medium in a liquid form;
second heat exchange stepThe steps are as follows: the third pressurized circulating medium absorbs CO in the Allam semi-closed circulating loop 2 The liquefied latent heat of the circulating medium heats up and gasifies by itself;
and in the second working step, the third circulating medium after heat exchange works outwards, and the self pressure and the self temperature are reduced.
And heat exchange step: the third circulating medium passing through the second working step absorbs H in the combustion products 2 O liquefied latent heat waste heat and self-heating;
and the working step: the third circulating medium obtained through the heat exchange step is directly expanded again to do work;
and (3) condensing: the third circulating medium that completes the re-working step is condensed into a liquid by the second circulating medium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined cycle system in combination with an Allam cycle type power plant in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined cycle system in combination with an Allam cycle type power plant in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the combined cycle system in combination with an Allam cycle type power plant in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the combined cycle system in combination with an Allam cycle type power plant in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the combined cycle system in combination with an Allam cycle type power plant in a fifth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a combined cycle system in combination with an Allam cycle type power plant in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
a combustion chamber 1; a first turbine 21; a second turbine 22; a third turbine 23; a fourth turbine 24; a regenerator 3; a first cooler 41; a second cooler 42; a third cooler 43; a water separation device 5; a first shunt 61; a second splitter 62; a third shunt 63; a first booster pump 71; a second booster pump 72; a third booster pump 73; a fourth booster pump 74; a fifth booster pump 75; a sixth booster pump 76; a first ambient heat sink 81; a second ambient heat sink 82; a third ambient heat sink 83; a fourth ambient heat sink 84; a liquid oxygen storage tank 9; an air separation unit 10.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
[ first embodiment ]
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant, comprising: an Allam semi-closed circulation loop, wherein the combustion of the carbon-containing fuel and pure oxygen in the Allam semi-closed circulation loop provides heat, and the combustion products of the carbon-containing fuel sequentially pass through turbine to do work, back heat, remove water and condensate to obtain pure liquid CO 2 Circulating medium, part of liquid CO 2 The circulating medium is pressurized, mixed with pure oxygen, heated and gasified and then enters the combustion chamber in the Allam semi-closed circulating loop again, and part of liquid CO 2 The circulating medium is pressurized, heated and gasified and then is used as a cooling flow of a turbine to be led into the turbine, and part of liquid CO 2 The circulating medium enters a carbon capture device (not shown in the figure); an open circuit in which a second circulation medium flows, the second circulation medium being an ultralow temperature fluid having a liquid saturation temperature of-150 ℃ or lower, the open circuit exchanging heat with the alam semi-closed circulation circuit, the second circulation medium serving as an external heat source for cooling combustion products (H 2 O and CO 2 ) And the heat of the combustion products is absorbed, the temperature is increased, the second circulation medium after the temperature is increased and the gasification adopts heat absorption to directly expand and do work, and part of the second circulation medium after expansion is used as fuel to enter an Allam semi-closed circulation loop.
The ultra-low temperature fluid is used as an external cold source and a circulating medium CO in an Allam semi-closed circulating loop 2 Heat exchange is carried out to make gaseous CO 2 The circulating medium is cooled to liquid state, and CO in liquid state 2 The carbon capture can be directly carried out, so that a compression device is not needed or the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber 1 and the back pressure of the first turbine 21 are reduced, the system power consumption can be greatly saved, and the system efficiency is remarkably improved. On the other hand, CO at lower turbine outlet pressure 2 The parameter can pull down the lower limit of the Allam semi-closed circulation loop as the functional capacity, and the released heat is transferred to the open circulation, so that the working capacity of the system is improved, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. The heat energy obtained by temperature rise after the cold energy of the external cold source is utilized is directly expanded in an open loop to do work; the efficiency of the system is improved, and the full utilization of energy is realized.
Specifically, the semi-closed circulation loop comprises a combustion chamber 1, a first turbine 21, a regenerator 3, a first cooler 41, a water separation device 5, a second cooler 42, a first flow divider 61 and a first branch fluid separated by the first flow divider 61, which are sequentially connected, enter a carbon capture device, the second branch fluid separated by the first flow divider 61 sequentially flows through a first booster pump 71 to enter a second flow divider 62 for flow division, the first branch fluid separated by the second flow divider 62 is connected with a second booster pump 72, the second branch fluid separated by the second flow divider 62 is mixed with oxygen and then enters a third booster pump 73, the fluid at the outlet of the second booster pump 72 flows into the regenerator 3 after passing through a first environmental heat absorber 81, the fluid at the outlet of the third booster pump 73 flows into the regenerator 3 after passing through a second environmental heat absorber 82, part of the fluid at the outlet of the regenerator 3 enters the first turbine 21 and part of the fluid entering the combustion chamber 1 as an oxidant, and the fluid entering the combustion chamber 1 enters the next round for circulation; wherein the carbon capture means is led out after a first flow divider 61 arranged after the second cooler 42. Pure oxygen separated by an air separation device (not shown in fig. 1) is introduced into the stream before the third booster pump 73, pressurized and heated, and then fed into the combustion chamber 1.
The open loop comprises a fourth booster pump 74, a second cooler 42, a first cooler 41, a third environment heat absorber 83, a third flow divider 63 and a second turbine 22 which are connected in sequence, wherein a first branch flow separated by the third flow divider 63 enters the second turbine 22 to apply work, and a second branch flow separated by the third flow divider 63 is introduced into the combustion chamber 1 of the semi-closed cycle to be used as fuel for combustion, so that heat is provided for the alam semi-closed cycle.
In the conventional Allam cycle, the first and second coolers 41, 42 usually use cooling water as the cooling medium, so that the CO at the outlet pressure of the first turbine 21 cannot be recycled 2 The circulating medium is cooled to liquid, so that the subsequent pressurizing process is completed by a gas compressor, and the power consumption of the gas compressor is far greater than that of a booster pump, so that the overall efficiency of the system is limited. Another alternative is to increase the outlet pressure of the first turbine 21, so that the saturation temperature of the fluid will also increase with the subsequent condensation with cooling water, but as the outlet pressure of the first turbine 21 increases, the pressure ratio becomes smaller and the work output of the first turbine 21 decreases more significantly. In the embodiment of the invention, the ultralow temperature fluid is adopted as the cooling medium, and CO can be carried out under the lower outlet pressure of the first turbine 21 2 The condensation of the circulating medium remarkably saves the subsequent power consumption and collects the absorbed waste heat, so that the reasonable utilization of energy is realized. Further, the cooling heat exchange of the ultralow temperature fluid does not only take place in the second cooler 42, but the first cooler 41 is arranged before the water separator 5 of the alam semi-closed circulation loop, so that the ultralow temperature fluid passes through the second cooler 42 first and then passes through the first cooler 41 before the water separator 5 for staged heat transfer.
Further, the combustion reaction occurring at the combustion chamber 1 is due to the fact that only three elements C, H, O are contained in the fuel and the combustion improver (oxygen), and the oxygen and the fuel in the combustion chamber 1 are completely reacted. Thus the combustion products contain only CO 2 And H 2 O, CO from the second booster pump 72 and the third booster pump 73 2 After mixing, the mixture enters the first turbine 21 in a supercritical state to do work.
CO in the first turbine 21 2 The circulating medium undergoes a transcritical process, being subcritical at the outlet of the first turbine 21, but still having a relatively high temperature at its outlet, and therefore the regenerator 3 is required to transfer the remaining greater heat to the lower temperature working medium.
CO at the outlet of regenerator 3 2 And H 2 O is cooled to H below this pressure by a first cooler 41 2 Saturated liquid temperature of O due to CO 2 In this state the saturated liquid temperature is low, so that only H 2 O is condensed to a liquid.
The water separator 5 is subjected to flash evaporation, the water in the last step is discharged from the bottom of the water separator, and the gaseous CO 2 Is discharged from the top of the water separation device 5 into the second cooler 42. CO at this point 2 Is further cooled until the temperature of the saturated liquid is lower than the temperature of the saturated liquid, thereby obtaining high-purity CO 2 So as to be subsequently pressurized and trapped by the first booster pump 71.
After being pressurized by the first booster pump 71, the liquid CO 2 Split into two streams, wherein the first stream is continuously pressurized by the second booster pump 72, enters the first environment heater 81 to be heated to the environment temperature, and is gasified and heated in the first environment heater 81; the second stream is mixed with liquid pure oxygen and then enters the third booster pump 73 and then enters the second ambient heater 82 where it is heated to ambient temperature, where it is vaporized and warmed.
The first and second streams subjected to gasification heating then enter the regenerator 3 to continuously absorb heat of a circulating medium at the outlet of the first turbine 21, then the first stream is introduced into the inlet of the first turbine 21, the second stream is introduced into the combustion chamber 1, then the first and second streams are converged at the inlet of the first turbine 21 and jointly enter the first turbine 21 to do work.
In the open cycle, the fourth booster pump 74 boosts the pressure of the ultralow-temperature working medium from the outside in advance, gradually absorbs the residual heat of the semi-closed cycle through the second cooler 42 and the first cooler 41 in this order, and increases the temperature of the medium itself to gasify the medium.
The third environmental heater 83 further heats the gasified working medium to an environmental temperature, and then the working medium is split into two streams by the third splitter 63, the first stream is introduced into the second turbine 22 to directly expand and do work, and the second stream is introduced into the combustion chamber 1, and the second stream and the combustion improver generate combustion reaction in the combustion chamber to provide heat for semi-closed circulation.
Preferably, the operating pressure at the first and second coolers 41, 42 is equal to the pressure at the outlet of the first turbine 21, and the second circulating medium is pressurized by cooling the gaseous circulating medium at the second cooler 42 to below the saturated liquid temperature at the pressure and then by pumping to meet the pressure at the inlet of the first turbine 21.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the CO at the outlet of the first cooler 41 2 The circulating medium is in gaseous form and the CO at the outlet of the second cooler 42 2 The circulating medium is in liquid form.
In the above manner, the first cooler 41 liquefies the water into the water separator 5, and the gaseous CO at the outlet of the first cooler 41 2 Enters the second cooler 42 to be further cooled into liquid state, namely, the liquid CO can be directly cooled 2 The trapping is carried out without a compression device or the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber 1 and the back pressure of the first turbine 21 are reduced, so that the power consumption of the system can be greatly saved, and the system efficiency is remarkably improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second circulation medium is liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrogen.
Through the mode, the liquefied natural gas or the liquefied hydrogen (the saturation temperature is minus 252 ℃ and 182 ℃) has higher cold energy, and the waste heat of the turbine exhaust without the function force in the alam semi-closed circulation loop can be absorbed, so that the turbine exhaust without the function force has the function force again, the energy utilization rate and the operation efficiency of the combined cycle power generation system are improved, and the natural gas or the hydrogen which absorbs heat and expands into gas can be directly used as fuel in the alam semi-closed circulation loop.
Corresponding to a first embodiment of the invention, the invention further provides a low temperature cycle method of a combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant, comprising the steps of:
the open loop comprises:
a pressurizing step: the second circulating medium is pressurized in liquid form.
A first heat exchange step: the pressurized second circulating medium absorbs CO in the Allam semi-closed circulating loop 2 The liquefied latent heat of the circulating medium and the second circulating medium are heated and gasified;
the first acting step: the heated second circulating medium directly expands outwards to do work, and the temperature and pressure of the second circulating medium are reduced;
a shunt step: part of the second circulating medium after the first heat exchange step is led into an Allam closed circulating loop to serve as fuel through diversion, and part of the second circulating medium enters the second turbine 22 to apply work.
[ second embodiment ]
As shown in fig. 2, the second embodiment of the present invention provides a combined cycle power generation system combined with an alam cycle type power station, which is different from the first embodiment in that the combined cycle power generation system further includes a closed cycle circuit in which a third circulation medium flows, the closed cycle including a third cooler 43, a fifth supercharging device 75, a second cooler 42, a fourth turbine 24, a first cooler 41 and a third turbine 23 which are sequentially disposed in communication to form a closed circuit, the third cooler 43 being disposed between the fourth booster pump 74 and the third environmental heating device 83, the second circulation medium exchanging heat with the closed cycle through the third cooler 43, the closed cycle exchanging heat with the alam semi-closed cycle circuit through the second cooler 42 and the first cooler 41, the third circulation medium may be any one of circulation mediums commonly used in terms of low temperature rankine cycle, including, but not limited to, carbon dioxide, alkane (e.g., propane, ethane, butane, etc.), alkene (e.g., ethylene, propylene, etc.), or freon (e.g., r134a, r116, r22, etc.).
By the arrangement of the closed circulation loop, the method can avoid the too low temperature of the ultralow temperature cooling medium and lead the Allam to circulate the CO 2 The circulating medium is cooled to a temperature below the triple point, so that icing occurs, and dangerous accidents are caused. And a proper circulating medium is selected in the closed circulation loop, so that the total flow of the whole combined cycle power generation system can be increased, and the generated energy is improved. The closed circulation loop adopts CO 2 As a circulating medium, and pressurizing process CO 2 Exists in a liquid state and is CO before expansion work 2 Is completely heated to the gaseous state, so that the heat absorption capacity of the circulating medium in the closed circulation loop at the first cooler 41 and the second cooler 42 can be matched with the CO in the Allam semi-closed circulation loop 2 The heat release of the circulating medium. When the circulating medium in the closed circulation loop exchanges heat with the circulating medium in the semi-closed circulation at the first cooler 41 and the second cooler 42, the circulating medium in both circulation is CO 2 In the case where the temperature areas are almost the same, both undergo phase change and the temperature changes are relatively matched, so that the heat transfer deterioration phenomenon does not occur at the first cooler 41 and the second cooler 42, eliminating the possibility that the system efficiency may be lowered.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reheating device (not shown) is provided between the third turbine 23 and the fourth turbine 24. The third circulation medium first absorbs CO in the semi-closed circulation at the second cooler 42 2 The phase change heat released in the condensation process is expanded and acted by a third turbine 23 and then enters a first cooler to absorb H 2 O is heated, then expansion work is performed through a fourth turbine 24, a reheating device is arranged between the third turbine 23 and the fourth turbine 24 to raise the temperature of the circulating medium, so that the circulating medium can expand and perform work in a higher temperature range, the work-doing capability of the third circulating medium is maximized, and the net work of the system is increased.
Corresponding to a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a low temperature cycling method comprising:
a compression step of pressurizing the third circulating medium in a liquid form;
and a second heat exchange step: the third pressurized circulating medium absorbs CO in the Allam semi-closed circulating loop 2 The liquefied latent heat of the circulating medium heats up and gasifies by itself;
and in the second working step, the third circulating medium after heat exchange works outwards, and the self pressure and the self temperature are reduced.
And heat exchange step: the third circulating medium passing through the second working step absorbs H in the combustion products 2 O liquefied latent heat waste heat and self-heating;
and the working step: the third circulating medium obtained through the heat exchange step is directly expanded again to do work;
and (3) condensing: condensing the third circulating medium which completes the re-working step into liquid by the second circulating medium; the compression step is then continued to repeat the above procedure.
[ third embodiment ]
As shown in fig. 3, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a combined cycle power generation system combined with an alam cycle type power station, which is different from the first embodiment in that an air separation device 10 and a liquid oxygen storage tank 9 are connected to a power output end of the combined cycle power generation system, the air separation device 10 generates low-temperature liquid oxygen to enter the liquid oxygen storage tank 9 for storage, an outlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank 9 is communicated with an inlet of a fourth booster pump 74, and the low-temperature liquid oxygen is a second circulation medium.
Through the mode, when electricity consumption is low, ionization of the combined cycle power generation circulation system is directly output to a user, redundant electric power of a power grid or residual computers after power generation of the power generation system is used for driving an air compressor in the air separation device 10, high-pressure air is throttled and expanded through an expansion valve after being cooled and filtered, liquid oxygen and gaseous nitrogen are produced by utilizing different boiling points of nitrogen and oxygen, the separated liquid oxygen is stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank, and when electricity consumption is high, low-temperature liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank enters an open loop to generate electricity by utilizing cold energy of the liquid oxygen storage tank, so that electricity consumption requirements are met. Thereby improving system flexibility. The high-pressure liquid oxygen obtained by the air separation device has extremely low temperature, and the low-temperature liquid oxygen can be directly used as the combustion improver of the Allam semi-closed circulation loop when being used as a second circulation medium and discharged from the second turbine through temperature rising, heat exchange and work application, so that the energy utilization rate is improved. In the alam semi-closed circulation loop, the fuel has an extra branch through the fifth booster pump 75, and the fourth environmental heating device 84 is pressurized and heated, and then mixed with the circulation medium flowing out of the regenerator 3, and then introduced into the combustion chamber 1 for combustion and providing combustion heat.
In the embodiment, the liquid oxygen storage tank 9 enables the system to have energy storage characteristics, and the stored cold energy can be used as a combustion improver of semi-closed circulation besides absorbing heat and expanding to do work through the third environmental heat absorber 83, and the rest part of the cold energy can be conveyed to other users at reasonable temperature and pressure, so that the flexibility of the system is greatly improved.
[ fourth embodiment ]
As shown in fig. 4, in a fourth embodiment of the present invention, a combined cycle power generation system combined with an alam cycle type power station is provided, which is different from the second embodiment in that an air separation device 10 and a liquid oxygen storage tank 9 are connected to a power output end of the combined cycle power generation system, the air separation device 10 generates low-temperature liquid oxygen to enter the liquid oxygen storage tank 9 for storage, an outlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank 9 is communicated with an inlet of a fourth booster pump 74, and the low-temperature liquid oxygen is a second circulation medium.
[ fifth embodiment ]
As shown in fig. 5, a fifth embodiment of the present invention provides a combined cycle power generation system combined with an alam cycle type power station, which is different from the third embodiment in that liquid cryogenic fuel pressurized by a sixth booster pump 76 is first introduced into an air separation unit 10, and after releasing cold energy, vaporized fuel discharged from the air separation unit 10 is directly introduced into a combustion chamber 1.
With this embodiment, the cold energy of the liquid cryogenic fuel may pre-cool the air temperature to near the separation temperature of the air, thereby helping the air separation plant 10 to produce liquid oxygen in a more energy efficient manner. And meanwhile, the energy utilization efficiency in the system can be improved, and the cold energy of the liquid low-temperature fuel is transferred to liquid oxygen and stored by the liquid oxygen storage tank 9.
[ sixth embodiment ]
As shown in fig. 6, a sixth embodiment of the present invention provides a combined cycle power generation system combined with an alam cycle type power station, which is different from the fourth embodiment in that liquid cryogenic fuel pressurized by a sixth booster pump 76 is first introduced into an air separation unit 10, and after releasing cold energy, vaporized fuel discharged from the air separation unit 10 is directly introduced into a combustion chamber 1.
With this embodiment, it is possible to further increase the system power generation amount, and to reduce the heat transfer loss of the open circuit first cooler 41, the second cooler 42, and to increase the system energy utilization efficiency on the basis of the fifth embodiment.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant, comprising:
an alam semi-closed cycle in which combustion of carbonaceous fuel and pure oxygen provides heat, combustion products of the carbonaceous fuel and recycle CO 2 The pure liquid CO is obtained after turbine work, heat recovery, water removal and condensation in turn 2 Circulating medium, part of the liquid CO 2 The circulating medium is pressurized, mixed with the pure oxygen, heated and gasified to be used as the circulating CO 2 Reenter the combustion chamber in the alam semi-closed cycle, and part of the liquid CO 2 The circulating medium is pressurized, heated and gasified and then is used as a cooling flow of the turbine to be led into the turbine, and part of the CO 2 The circulating medium enters a carbon trapping device;
the second circulating medium flows in the open loop, the second circulating medium is ultralow-temperature fluid fuel with the temperature below-150 ℃, the open loop exchanges heat with the alam semi-closed circulating loop, the second circulating medium is used as an external cold source to cool combustion products and absorb heat of the combustion products, the temperature is raised and gasified, the second circulating medium after temperature raising and gasification adopts heat absorption to directly expand and do work, and part of the expanded second circulating medium is used as fuel to enter the alam semi-closed circulating loop.
2. The combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant according to claim 1, wherein the semi-closed cycle comprises a combustion chamber, a first turbine, a regenerator, a first cooler, a water separator, a second cooler, a first splitter, a first branch fluid split by the first splitter enters the carbon capture device, a second branch fluid split by the first splitter flows through a first booster pump in sequence to enter a second splitter for splitting, the first branch fluid split by the second splitter is connected with a second booster pump, the second branch fluid split by the second splitter is mixed with oxygen and then enters a third booster pump, fluid at an outlet of the second booster pump flows into the regenerator after passing through a first environmental heat absorber, fluid at an outlet of the third booster pump flows into the regenerator after passing through a second environmental heat absorber, and the fluid at an outlet of the regenerator enters the first turbine and the second booster pump and enters the combustion chamber in part, and the fluid entering the combustion chamber enters the next cycle;
the open loop comprises a fourth booster pump, the second cooler, the first cooler, a third environment heat absorber, a third flow divider and a second turbine which are connected in sequence, a first branch flow split by the third flow divider enters the second turbine to do work, and a second branch flow split by the third flow divider is introduced into the combustion chamber of the semi-closed cycle to be used as fuel for combustion.
3. A combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant according to claim 2, wherein said CO at said first cooler outlet 2 The circulating medium is in a gaseous form, and the CO at the outlet of the second cooler 2 The circulating medium is in liquid form.
4. The combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant of claim 1, wherein the second cycle medium is liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrogen.
5. A combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a one-stage or multi-stage closed cycle in which a third circulation medium flows, the closed cycle comprising a third cooler, a fifth booster pump, the second cooler, a fourth turbine, the first cooler and a third turbine which are sequentially disposed in communication to form a closed loop, the third cooler being disposed between the fourth booster pump and the third environmental heating device, the second circulation medium exchanging heat with the closed cycle through the third cooler, the closed cycle exchanging heat with the alam semi-closed cycle through the second cooler and the first cooler, the third circulation medium being one or a combination of carbon dioxide, alkane, alkene or freon.
6. The combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant of claim 5, wherein an air separation device and a liquid oxygen storage tank are connected to an electric power output end of the combined cycle power generation system, the air separation device generates low-temperature liquid oxygen to enter the liquid oxygen storage tank for storage, an outlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the fourth booster pump, and the low-temperature liquid oxygen is the second circulating medium.
7. The combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant of claim 6, wherein the power of the combined cycle power generation system is directly output to a user, the air separation device is driven by additional electric energy, a low temperature heat exchanger is arranged in the air separation device, and the carbonaceous fuel is cooled by the low temperature heat exchanger and enters the combustion chamber for combustion.
8. A combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant as defined in claim 5, wherein a reheat device is disposed between said third turbine and said fourth turbine.
9. A method of cryogenic cycle of a combined cycle power generation system in combination with an alam cycle type power plant as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising the steps of:
the open loop comprises:
a pressurizing step: pressurizing the second circulating medium in a liquid form;
a first heat exchange step: the second circulation medium after pressurization absorbs CO in the Allam semi-closed circulation loop 2 The liquefied latent heat of the circulating medium is heated and gasified by the second circulating medium;
the first acting step: the heated second circulating medium directly expands outwards to do work, and the temperature and pressure of the second circulating medium are reduced;
a shunt step: part of the second circulating medium after the first heat exchange step is led into the Allam closed circulating loop through diversion to serve as fuel;
in the closed cycle, the method comprises the following steps:
a compression step of pressurizing the third circulating medium in a liquid form;
and a second heat exchange step: the third pressurized circulating medium absorbs CO in the Allam semi-closed circulating loop 2 The liquefied latent heat of the circulating medium heats up and gasifies by itself;
a second working step, namely, the third circulating medium after heat exchange works outwards, and the pressure and the temperature of the third circulating medium are reduced;
and heat exchange step: the third circulating medium passing through the second working step absorbs H 2 O liquefied latent heat waste heat and self-heating;
and the working step: the third circulating medium obtained through the heat re-exchanging step is directly expanded again to do work;
and (3) condensing: the third circulating medium that completes the re-working step is condensed into a liquid by the second circulating medium.
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| CN116771450A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-09-19 | 华北电力大学 | Multi-energy control system and control method based on supercritical CO2 generator set |
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